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Baustoffdesign
Thomas A. BIER
Institut für Keramik, Glas- und Baustofftechnik, Leipziger Straße 28, 09596 Freiberg,
BaustoffdesignFunktionen - Eigenschaften
Baustoffdesign
Material
Chemie
Mineralogie
Feinheit (SO, PSD)
Zemente PZ, TZ, C$
Füllstoffe
Organische StoffeDispergierbare Pulver
Zusatzmittel
Material
Chemie
Mineralogie
Feinheit (SO, PSD)
Zemente PZ, TZ, C$
Füllstoffe
Organische StoffeDispergierbare Pulver
Zusatzmittel
Verfahren
Mischen und Erhärtung
TemperaturAutoklav
Trocknen
Pressen /ExtrudierenZiegel
KS Stein
Macro Defect Free
DSP
Funktionen
Festigkeit
Konsistenz
VerarbeitungViskosität
Fließgrenze
Offene Zeit
Dauerhaftigkeit
Farbe/Optik
DämmungWärme
Schall
Schwinden/Quellen
Permeabilität
Elektr. Leitfähigkeit
Haftzugfestigkeit
Baustoffdesign
Material
Zemente PZ, TZ, C$
Füllstoffe
Organische StoffeDispergierbare Pulver
Zusatzmittel
Material
Zemente PZ, TZ, C$
Füllstoffe
Organische StoffeDispergierbare Pulver
Zusatzmittel
Verfahren
Mischen und Erhärtung
Funktionen
Festigkeit
Konsistenz
VerarbeitungViskosität
Fließgrenze
Offene Zeit
Dauerhaftigkeit
Farbe/Optik
Schwinden/Quellen
Haftzugfestigkeit
Baustoffdesign
PerformanceSelf flow values CSTB cylinder
Gel or open time cup or knife test
Setting time Vicat needle
Mechanical strength prisms 4 x 4 x 16
PerformanceSelf flow values CSTB cylinder
Gel or open time cup or knife test
Setting time Vicat needle
Mechanical strength prisms 4 x 4 x 16
Measuring Mechanical Performance
Baustoffdesign
Slurry preparation
700 rpm
Slurry mixing method
Chemical stirrer
0.1
0.2
0.3
1 2 30 7Mixing time (min)
Mix
ing
ener
gy (J
)
4 5 6
Grout slurry
Time periods for mixing the slurry
2 min normal
7 min excessive
Baustoffdesign
Technological properties: Setting TimeMethod
Setting: Automatic Vicat needle test (EN 196) Penetration depth = f(time)
Baustoffdesign
06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00
0
10
20
30
40
Starvis 3003 F Xanthan Gum Potato starch F 9110 MHEC 6000 PR K 200 M
Pen
etra
tion
dept
h [m
m]
Time [hh:mm]
Technological properties Setting TimeResults
Baustoffdesign
Typical technological tests: - V-funnel times and self flow values
Technological properties: FlowMethods
Baustoffdesign
Flow value, Flow decay, Working time
Experiment
Result
Time
Decay
Working time
Flowvalue
d1d0 = 100 mm
70 mm
50 mm
(Verarbeitbarkeit – Frischbeton bzw. Mörtel)
Baustoffdesign
Entrained Air
Sedimentation
Self Compaction
Flow Value [mm]
Stagnation Fu
nnel
Tim
e [s
]
Workability Evaluation according to DAfStB
DAfStb-Richtlinie Selbstverdichtender Beton (Ausgabe Nov, 2003) ANHANG Q; Q.1 Seite 32
Baustoffdesign
After 3 min:300g mortar paste taken from top and bottom
Granulometry
Technological properties: SedimentationMethod
Early sedimentation: 1kg mortar paste filled into cylinder
Baustoffdesign
Later sedimentation: Cubes, cut after 7d
Polymer Gum Potato starch Cellulose 6000 Cellulose 200
Technological properties: SedimentationResults
Poymer Potato starch
just fines
Early Later not observed
Gum Cellulose 6000
PolymerCellulose 200 Starch
Baustoffdesign
Workability Boxes according to Wallevik
O.H. Wallevik, J.E. Wallevik, Rheology as a tool in concrete science: The use of rheographs and workability boxes,Cem. Concr. Res. (2011)
Baustoffdesign
Workability Boxes for SCC
O.H. Wallevik, J.E. Wallevik, Rheology as a tool in concrete science: The use of rheographs and workability boxes,Cem. Concr. Res. (2011)
Baustoffdesign
Workability Boxes for different Applications
O.H. Wallevik, J.E. Wallevik, Rheology as a tool in concrete science: The use of rheographs and workability boxes,Cem. Concr. Res. (2011)
Baustoffdesign
Rheological properties: Flow Curves Methods
Haake RheoStress 150 with building materials cellShear stress = f(shear rate)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 3500
50100150200250300
Shea
r rat
e [1
/s]
Time [s]
Baustoffdesign
Different Plastisizers in SLU
Continuous flow conditions
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000Shear Rate (1/s)
App
aren
t Vis
cosi
ty (m
Pa.s
) B_MF1641F
A_PP100F
C_MF2641F
D_MF2651FE_Casein
A_PP100F
Oscillation flow conditions
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 (rad/s)
| *|
(mPa
.s)
B_MF1641FA_PP100FC_MF2641FD_MF2651F
E_Casein
Oscillatory flow conditions
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 (rad/s)
G',
G''
(Pa)
B_MF1641F
D_MF2651F
E_Casein
G'
G''
Rheometer
Concentric-cylinder
[Tomohiro Emoto, Thomas A. Bier:”Rheological behavior as influenced by plasticizers and hydration kinetics” Cement and Concrete Research 37 (2007) ]
Baustoffdesign
Rheological properties: Flow Curves Shear Thinning behavior
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Scherrate (1/s)
Sche
rspa
nnun
g (P
a)
Polymer
StarchCellulose 200
GumCellulose 6000
Baustoffdesign
0 50 100 150 200 250 3000
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000 Starvis 3003 F Xanthan Gum Potato starch F 9110 MHEC 6000 PR K 200 M
She
ar s
tress
[Pa]
Shear rate [1/s]
Rheological properties Flow CurvesResults
Baustoffdesign
Rheology and Structuring : Richards Locher Model
• Nucleation• Growth of hydrates
• Solubility• Particle –
Particle Interaction
• Massive Hydration• W/C Ratio
• Intrinsic Strength• Porosity
I II
III
IV
Baustoffdesign
• Nucleation• Growth of hydrates
• Solubility• Particle – Particle Interaction w/SP
• Intrinsic Strength• Porosity
I II
III
IV
Rheology and Structuring : Self Levelling Underlayments
Oscillation flow curves
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0,1 1 10 100 1000
(rad/s)
(°
)
S6A_MFPP100FS6B_MF1641FS6C_MF2641FS6D_MF2651FS6F_Casein
Calorimetry (Versatz6b_Early time)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 1 2 3 4 5
Time (hours)
Hea
t Evo
lutio
n (m
W/g
)
No.3_ohneNo.1_citricNo.1_citric_lithiumNo.3_allNo.2_vp2651No.2_vp2651_lithiumNo.3_SKW_pce_20%
vp+cit+lit
cit+lit
SKW_20%
cit
ohne
vp+lit
vp
Ref.
No.1 No.2
No.3
Equipment
Baustoffdesign
Wärmefluß
Leitfähigkeit
Meßmethoden zur Charakterisierungder Hydratationskinetik
Lösungsphase Induktionsperiode
Massive Hydratphasenbildung
Zeit
Zeit
Baustoffdesign"Energie und Nachhaltigkeit im Bauwesen„ - Tagung Bauchemie - 8./9. Oktober 2009
Early Shrinkage Measurement
Baustoffdesign
Cluster AnalysisXRD Time Series 10
CAC OPC
CS
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
00.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
10
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
System 1System 2
CAC OPC
CS
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
00.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
10
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
System 1System 2
Baustoffdesign
Phase Development by XRD
CAC OPC
CS
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
00.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
10
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
System 1System 2
CAC OPC
CS
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
00.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
10
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
System 1System 2
Baustoffdesign
Physical aspects of Cement Hydration
Plastic mix Setting mix
Structure developing Stable final structure
Baustoffdesign
MIP Porosity after 1 day of shrinkage and hydration
Series III
0,00
0,04
0,08
0,12
0,16
1 10 100 1000 10000
Pore Diameter (nm)
Pore
Vol
ume
(cc/
g)
System 4 -CSystem 5-CSystem 6-CSystem 7-CSystem 4 - VSystem 5 - VSystem 6 - VSystem 7 - V
Baustoffdesign
Series III
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 10 100 1000 10000
Pore Radius [nm]
dV/d
log(
r)
System 4 - CSystem 4 - VSystem 5 - CSystem 5 - VSystem 6 - CSystem 6 - V
MIP Porosity after 1 day of shrinkage and hydration
Baustoffdesign
Produkteigenschaften, Rheologie und Hydratationskinetik
Verzögerung
Drehmoment = F(T) Wärmefluß= F(T)Time
Verarbeitungszeit
Dis
pers
ion
RHEOMETER CALORIMETER
Ausbreitmaß
Ausbreitmaß = f(t)
ZuschlägeFüller
ZementWasser
Zusatzmittel
Beton Binder
Pi Pm
WT
LösungHydratation
Baustoffdesign
Early Shrinkage Measurement
Shrinkage Drain
Shrinkage Cone
Drying shrinkage vs. Sealed (Autogenous) shrinkage
Recommended