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BOOK NOTICES 4SI
to the subjects dealt with in the literature. The whole is well printed in good type, setting an example that will be appreciated by those who have to deal with blindness. The unique value of this book appears, when we know that the author became blind at the age of eleven years ; and continued his studies to a Master's Degree, from the University of Oregon. Edward Jackson.
G l a u k o m und Netzhautzirkulation (Glaucoma and retinal circulation). By Maximilian Salzmann. Paper covers, 68 pages, 41 illustrations in the text. Price 8 marks. 1933, Verlag von S. Karger, Berlin.
This monograph is reprinted from part fifteen of Abhandlungen aus der Augenheilkunde und ihren Grenzgebieten. It presents in some detail the pathologic findings in a series of eyes which had been enucleated after symptoms of absolute glaucoma ; and the condition of these eyes is viewed especially as regards the relation between glaucoma and the circulation in the central retinal vein. There has been a good deal of discussion as to the reciprocal relationship between glaucoma and venous obstruction as cause and effect. The production of glaucoma by venous obstruction has long been recognized, but venous obstruction secondary to glaucoma has been regarded as exceptional. Salzmann is disposed to regard the two conditions as constituting a sort of vicious circle. Some importance is attached to an intercalary tissue (Schaltgewebe) described by Elschnig in 1899, and found by Salzmann in about one-third of his eighty cases. This tissue, which arises at the optic disc and penetrates into the supportive structure of the nerve head, probably has an important influence in producing compression of the central vein. W. H. Crisp.
Corresponding Retinal Points, The Horopter and Size and Shape of Ocular Images. By A. Ames, Jr., Kenneth N. Ogle and Gordon H. Glidden. Paper, Octavo, 96 pages, 61 illustrations. Hanover, New Hampshire, 1932.
This is a report of work done in the Department of Research in Physiological Optics, Dartmouth Medical School, and is a reprint from the Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol. 22, pp. 538-631. It describes exact observations, made with newly devised laboratory instruments, carried on with great exactness and attention to details, and interpreted from the points of view of the physicist, pathologist and mathematician.
The summary of this work holds: That "the concept that associates specific subjective directional values (lines of direction, Helmholtz) with specific cortical centers is fundamental. The optical projections of the retinal points represent the effective distribution of the spatial values, associated with the specific cortical centers to which the retinal points are connected."
The general conclusions are given thus:
"(1) The studies indicate that the relationship between subjective and objective space and directional values are subject to more exact measurement, than had heretofore been recognized.
"(2) They indicate that a mathematical comprehension and formulation of the empirical longitudinal horopter data are possible ; first, through an improved method of obtaining, handling, and analyzing the empirical data; second, through the elimination of those factors that can be neglected; and, third, through empirically checking the magnitude of changes introduced by known factors.
"(3) It would appear that the fundamental hypothesis of specific directional values associated with specific brain centers is placed on a firmer basis.
"(4) It would appear that certain complex phenomena associated with binocular vision, heretofore calling for psychological interpretation, have been given a physiological explanation."
If the methods of exact mathematical analysis and broad deductions here used, should be applied to the groups and associated impressions, received from the rods near the periphery of the retina, it is probable that our knowledge of the peripheral fields of vision and of
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