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24-0
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042n
d In
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Pro
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Wor
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p1
The
Huy
gens
Mis
sion
to T
itan:
Ove
rvie
w a
nd st
atus
Jean
-Pie
rre
Lebr
eton
, Huy
gens
Mis
sion
Man
ager
& P
roje
ct S
cien
tist
Res
earc
h an
d Sc
ient
ific
Supp
ort D
epar
tmen
t of E
SA, E
STEC
, Noo
rdw
ijk, T
he N
ethe
rland
sje
an-p
ierr
e.le
bret
on@
esa.
int
Den
nis M
atso
n, C
assi
niPr
ojec
t Sci
entis
tC
assi
niPr
ojec
t, Je
t Pro
puls
ion
Labo
rato
ry, P
asad
ena,
USA
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p2
Cas
sini
-Huy
gens
A 3
-age
ncy
Inte
rnat
iona
l Mis
sion
NA
SA, E
SA, A
SI19
coun
tries
invo
lved
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lane
tary
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be
Wor
ksho
p3
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lane
tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p4
Pola
r Vie
wPo
lar V
iew
Equa
toria
l Vie
wEq
uato
rial V
iew
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d In
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atio
nal P
lane
tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p5
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be
Wor
ksho
p6
Oct
ober
15,
199
7O
ctob
er 1
5, 1
997
Laun
ched
from
K.S
.C.
Laun
ched
from
K.S
.C.
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lane
tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p7
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d In
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atio
nal P
lane
tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p8
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lane
tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p9
Cas
sini
ISS
Surf
ace
Ice
Org
anic
s ?
Cas
sini
VIM
S
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lane
tary
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Wor
ksho
p11
Cas
sini
VIM
S
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tary
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Wor
ksho
p12
Cas
sini
VIM
S
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lane
tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p13
Cas
sini
ISS
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tary
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Wor
ksho
p14
Atm
osph
ere
de T
itan
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tary
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Wor
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p15
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tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p16
Go-
NoG
oFo
rPr
imar
y M
issi
on2
Dec
.
Go-
NoG
oFo
rSe
para
tion
23 D
ec.
24-0
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d In
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lane
tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p17
The
New
(and
Old
) Huy
gens
M
issi
on65
000
Km
7600
0 Km
Old
Pro
be/O
rbite
r Tra
ject
ory
Fly-
By A
lt =
1200
Km
BOM
Dis
t = 7
7000
Km
EOM
Dis
t = 2
7000
Km
PAA ≈
40o
V rel≈
5.6
Km/s
New
Orb
iter
Traj
ecto
ry
V rel≈
0.8
Km
/s
PAA ≈
75o
V rel≈
3.8
Km
/s
PAA ≈
25o
Tita
n
Cas
sini
@
Pro
be E
ntry
Cas
sini
@
Prob
e To
uch-
dow
n
Cas
sini
@
Pro
be E
ntry
Cas
sini
@ P
robe
To
uch-
dow
n
Old
Pro
be
Traj
ecto
ry
New
Pro
be
Traj
ecto
ry
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Pro
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Wor
ksho
p18
Inte
rface
Allt
itude
1270
km
Pro
be w
ake-
up b
y pr
ogra
mm
ed ti
mer
4 hr
28
min
bef
ore
arriv
alat
pre
dict
ed in
terfa
ce a
ltitu
de
CD
MU
’spr
e-he
atin
g
Bas
elin
e sc
enar
io: P
re-h
eatin
g
Inte
rface
Allt
itude
1270
km
Pro
be w
ake-
up b
y pr
ogra
mm
ed ti
mer
28 m
in b
efor
e ar
rival
at p
redi
cted
inte
rface
alti
tude
GC
MS
pre
-hea
tH
AS
I ON
, Stb
yG
CM
S p
re-h
eat
HA
SI M
eas.
GC
MS
pre
-hea
tH
AS
I ON
, Mea
s
Bac
k-up
sce
nario
: No
pre-
heat
ing
Tim
e
Tim
e
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be
Wor
ksho
p19
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Wor
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p20
Entry
and
Des
cent
Sce
nario
: 14
Jan-
2005
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Wor
ksho
p21
The
Huy
gens
Sci
ence
Pay
load
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Wor
ksho
p22
Huy
gens
Pay
load Su
rfac
e st
ate
and
com
posi
tion
at la
ndin
g si
te.
Atm
osph
eric
mea
sure
men
tsSu
rfac
e Sc
ienc
e pa
ckag
e (S
SP)
J. Za
rnec
ki (O
pen
Uni
v.)
Zona
l win
d pr
ofile
, tur
bule
nce
Dop
pler
Win
d Ex
perim
ent (
DW
E)M
. Bird
(U o
f Bon
n)
Hea
t flu
x, e
nerg
y bu
dget
, clo
uds,
aero
sols
pr
oper
ties,
surf
ace
imag
ing
& c
ompo
sitio
nD
esce
nt Im
ager
/Spe
ctra
l Rad
iom
eter
(DIS
R)
M. T
omas
ko (U
of A
rizon
a)
Aer
osol
sam
plin
g in
two
laye
rs. S
tepp
ed
pyro
lysi
s(0
C, 2
00 C
, 650
C);
inje
ctio
n to
G
CM
S
Aer
osol
Col
lect
or a
nd P
yrol
yzer
(AC
P)G
. Isr
ael (
CN
RS/
SA V
errie
res)
Atm
osph
ere
com
posi
tion;
trac
e co
nstit
uent
s;
isot
opic
ratio
s; a
eros
ol a
naly
sis
Gas
Chr
omat
ogra
ph/M
ass S
pect
rom
eter
(G
CM
S),
H. N
iem
ann
(NA
SA/G
SFC
)
T, P
, γ, W
inds
, Tur
bule
nce,
Con
duct
ivity
; lig
htni
ng; s
urfa
ce p
erm
ittiv
ity &
rada
r re
flect
ivity
Huy
gens
Atm
osph
eric
Stru
ctur
e In
stru
men
t (H
ASI
). M
. Ful
chig
noni
(Par
is 7
/Obs
Meu
don)
23
Huy
gens
Pay
load
& G
roun
d-ba
sed
Rad
io S
igna
l Det
ectio
n
Prob
e lo
calis
atio
nto
~ k
m a
cc. i
n x-
ypl
ane;
2D w
ind
mea
sure
men
tsV
LBI P
robe
sign
al c
arrie
r det
ectio
n G
roun
d-ba
sed
DW
E
Surf
ace
stat
e an
d co
mpo
sitio
n at
land
ing
site
.A
tmos
pher
ic m
easu
rem
ents
Surf
ace
Scie
nce
pack
age
(SSP
)J.
Zarn
ecki
(Ope
n U
niv.
)
Zona
l win
d pr
ofile
, tur
bule
nce
Dop
pler
Win
d Ex
perim
ent (
DW
E)M
. Bird
(U o
f Bon
n)
Hea
t flu
x, e
nerg
y bu
dget
, clo
uds,
aero
sols
pr
oper
ties,
surf
ace
imag
ing
& c
ompo
sitio
nD
esce
nt Im
ager
/Spe
ctra
l Rad
iom
eter
(DIS
R)M
. To
mas
ko (U
of A
rizon
a)
Aer
osol
sam
plin
g in
two
laye
rs. S
tepp
ed
pyro
lysi
s(0
C, 2
00 C
, 650
C);
inje
ctio
n to
G
CM
S
Aer
osol
Col
lect
or a
nd P
yrol
yzer
(AC
P)G
. Isr
ael (
CN
RS/
SA V
errie
res)
Atm
osph
ere
com
posi
tion;
trac
e co
nstit
uent
s;
isot
opic
ratio
s; a
eros
ol a
naly
sis
Gas
Chr
omat
ogra
ph/M
ass S
pect
rom
eter
(G
CM
S),
H. N
iem
ann
(NA
SA/G
SFC
)
T, P
, γ, W
inds
, Tur
bule
nce,
Con
duct
ivity
; lig
htni
ng; s
urfa
ce p
erm
ittiv
ity &
rada
r re
flect
ivity
Huy
gens
Atm
osph
eric
Stru
ctur
e In
stru
men
t (H
ASI
). M
. Ful
chig
noni
(Par
is 7
/Obs
Meu
don)
24-0
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Pro
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p24
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lane
tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p25
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tary
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Wor
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p26
Engi
neer
ing
Stat
us; O
n-go
ing
activ
ities
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p27
TIT
AN
Atm
osph
ere
envi
ronm
ent
•A
tmos
pher
e D
ensi
ty, P
ress
ure
and
Tem
pera
ture
mod
els
avai
labl
e:–
Des
ign
mod
el: L
ello
uch-
Hun
ten
(rec
, min
, max
, 198
6)–
Upd
ated
mod
el: Y
elle
(rec,
min
, max
, 199
4)•
Gra
vity
Wav
es:
–D
. Stro
belM
odel
(sin
gle
phas
e la
rge
ampl
itude
pro
files
, 199
4)–
Ana
lytic
al M
odel
(J.P
. Leb
reto
n, 2
004)
•W
ind
Mod
el: s
o-ca
lled
HR
TF (F
lasa
rmod
el)
•Ti
tan
GR
AM
(dis
turb
ance
s on
Yel
lepr
ofile
s -d
evel
oped
fo
r aer
ocap
ture
stud
ies
and
used
as
is)
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Pro
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Wor
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p28
Lello
uch-
Hun
ten
Mod
el
Thre
e m
ain
com
pone
nts a
re N
itrog
en (N
2), M
etha
ne (C
H4)
, and
Arg
on (A
r).
0.5%
< X
CH
4/X N
2< 3
.5 %
; Rel
ativ
e m
olar
abu
ndan
ce o
f Arg
on :
0 <
X A
r/X N
2<
27%
.
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p29
Yel
leM
odel
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lane
tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p30
Yel
leM
odel
Min
Nom
M
axN
2
95%
95%
89%
CH
45%
3%1%
Ar
0%2%
10%
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p31
Entry
Alti
tude
Ran
ge
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Wor
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p32
Tem
pera
ture
(K)
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p33
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lane
tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p34
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Pro
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Wor
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p35
On-
goin
g ac
tiviti
es•
Re-
valid
atio
n of
ent
ry a
nd d
esce
nt p
erfo
rman
ce–
Hea
t flu
x re
cent
ly re
-ass
esse
d: 1
400
2000
kW
/m2
–TP
S an
d ov
eral
l Sys
tem
per
form
ance
und
er ~
200
0 kW
/m2
–H
eat-f
lux
re-e
valu
atio
n (E
STEC
, EM
2C, N
ASA
/AM
ES, E
AD
S,
Alc
atel
)–
Hea
t shi
eld
tile
trans
pare
ncy
test
s to
CN
vio
let r
adia
tion
–Pa
rach
ute
depl
oym
ent l
oads
–En
try a
ngle
con
firm
atio
n (b
asel
ine
-65
º±3°
)•
Val
idat
ion
of a
tmos
pher
e m
odel
–T0
(3rd
July
) Cas
sini
orbi
ter o
bser
vatio
n–
Rel
evan
t gro
und
base
d ob
serv
atio
ns (e
. g. o
ccul
tatio
n of
Nov
. 200
3)–
Plan
ned
Ta C
assi
niO
rbite
r obs
erva
tions
(26
Oct
ober
200
4)–
Plan
ned
Tb C
assi
niO
rbite
r obs
erva
tion
(13
Dec
. 200
4)
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tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p36
On-
goin
g ac
tiviti
es (2
)•
Huy
gens
des
igne
d fo
r (cu
mul
ated
) wor
st c
ase
cond
ition
s–
Atm
osph
ere
Mod
el C
ompo
sitio
n–
Gra
vity
wav
es–
Failu
re c
ases
•M
onte
-Car
lo st
udy
base
d on
Tita
nGR
AM
•M
issi
on b
asel
ine
re-v
alid
atio
n an
d m
argi
ns to
be
clar
ified
by
early
Oct
ober
•N
ASA
/ESA
Rev
iew
in p
lann
ing
(Sep
t/Oct
?-N
ov)
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tary
Pro
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Wor
ksho
p37
Huy
gens
key
ope
ratio
nal m
ilest
ones
•T0
: 3 Ju
ly; T
0 w
orks
hop:
8/9
Sep
t. at
NA
SA/G
SFC
•Ti
tan
atm
osph
ere
mod
els v
alid
atio
n/up
date
#1: 3
0 Se
pt.
•PC
O#1
5: 1
4thSe
ptem
ber;
batte
ry d
epas
siva
tion#
1•
Ta: 2
6 O
ctob
er; T
a W
orks
hop:
15
Nov
at J
PL•
Tita
n at
mos
pher
e m
odel
s val
idat
ion/
upda
te#2
: 25
Nov
.•
PCO
#16:
23
Nov
embe
r; ba
ttery
dep
assi
vatio
n#2
•G
O/N
OG
O fo
r prim
ary
mis
sion
: 2 D
ec.
•Tb
: 13
Dec
; Tita
n at
mos
pher
e re
port:
15
Dec
.•
PTM
: App
rova
l: 15
Dec
; Exe
cutio
n 17
Dec
.•
Prob
e pr
e-se
para
tion
con
figur
atio
n: 2
1 D
ec•
GO
/NO
GO
for P
robe
sepa
ratio
n: 2
3 D
ec.
•Pr
obe
Rel
ease
: 25
Dec
.•
Prob
e En
try: 1
4 Ja
nuar
y 09
:07
UTC
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tary
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be
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p38
Wha
t Hap
pens
Nex
tre
. atm
osph
ere
valid
atio
n ?
RRep
lace
with
INM
S da
ta, T
A
CIR
S C
onst
rain
ts, T
0
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d In
tern
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nal P
lane
tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p39
Wha
t Hap
pens
Nex
tre
. atm
osph
ere
valid
atio
n ?
RRep
lace
with
INM
S da
ta, T
A
CIR
S C
onst
rain
ts, T
0
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042n
d In
tern
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nal P
lane
tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p40
Con
clus
ions
•Pr
obe/
Orb
iter s
yner
gy a
ppro
ach
to e
xplo
re T
itan
•Ti
tan
atm
osph
ere
seem
s to
be w
ell w
ithin
Yel
leen
velo
pe•
Som
e H
uyge
ns o
pen
issu
es in
wor
k; c
losu
re e
xpec
ted
by e
arly
O
ctob
er. P
ossi
ble
outc
ome:
–B
asel
ine
mis
sion
con
firm
ed; t
arge
t for
ent
ry a
t -65
º±
3°–
Adj
ust e
ntry
ang
le (-
64 º
±3°
) or (
-66
º±3°
)–
Del
ayed
rele
ased
on
Tc( b
y up
to 1
0 da
ys ?
) al
low
s to
redu
ce e
ntry
co
rrid
or b
ut ri
sks ;
ben
efits
not
qua
ntifi
ed•
Two
cont
inge
ncy
scen
ario
s ide
ntifi
ed w
ith p
robe
rele
ase
on
late
r orb
it: O
vera
ll m
issi
on im
pact
s are
hig
h•
Look
forw
ard
to P
WS#
3 !!
24-0
8-20
042n
d In
tern
atio
nal P
lane
tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p41
•Bac
k-up
mat
eria
l
24-0
8-20
042n
d In
tern
atio
nal P
lane
tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p42
100
m/s
2<P
eak
valu
e <
162
(185
) m/s
217
0 se
c <
Pea
k tim
e <
230
sec
Pea
k al
titud
e ra
nge:
200
-280
km
24-0
8-20
042n
d In
tern
atio
nal P
lane
tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p43
S0
enab
ling
50 m
/s2
100
m/s
2<P
eak
valu
e <
162
(185
) m/s
217
0 se
c <
Pea
k tim
e <
230
sec
Pea
k al
titud
e ra
nge:
200
-280
km
24-0
8-20
042n
d In
tern
atio
nal P
lane
tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p44
S0
enab
ling
50 m
/s2
Ta e
nabl
ing
80 m
/s2
100
m/s
2<P
eak
valu
e <
162
(185
) m/s
217
0 se
c <
Pea
k tim
e <
230
sec
Pea
k al
titud
e ra
nge:
200
-280
km
24-0
8-20
042n
d In
tern
atio
nal P
lane
tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p45
S0
enab
ling
50 m
/s2
Ta e
nabl
ing
80 m
/s2
S0
dete
ctio
n10
m/s
2
100
m/s
2<P
eak
valu
e <
162
(185
) m/s
217
0 se
c <
Pea
k tim
e <
230
sec
Pea
k al
titud
e ra
nge:
200
-280
km
24-0
8-20
042n
d In
tern
atio
nal P
lane
tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p46
S0
enab
ling
50 m
/s2
Ta e
nabl
ing
80 m
/s2
S0
dete
ctio
n10
m/s
2
S0
dete
ctio
n: 1
0 m
/s2
Ta d
etec
tion:
9.4
84 m
/s2
T0 d
ecla
red
6.37
5 se
c
24-0
8-20
042n
d In
tern
atio
nal P
lane
tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p47
S0
enab
ling
50 m
/s2
Ta e
nabl
ing
80 m
/s2
S0
dete
ctio
n10
m/s
2
S0
dete
ctio
n: 1
0 m
/s2
Ta d
etec
tion
(SW
Fai
lure
)
T0 d
ecla
red
6.37
5 se
c
Sin
gle
failu
re c
ase
24-0
8-20
042n
d In
tern
atio
nal P
lane
tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p48
Ta b
ack-
up e
nabl
ing
62 m
/s2
and
54 m
/s2
Ta b
ack-
up d
ecla
red
S0
Bac
k-up
T0 b
ack-
up
20 s
ec
6.37
5 s
Mul
tiple
failu
re (C
AS
U’s
)
G-s
witc
h ac
tivat
ion
T0 N
om
Ta b
ack-
upde
clar
ed25
m/s
2 an
d 12
m/s
2
24-0
8-20
042n
d In
tern
atio
nal P
lane
tary
Pro
be
Wor
ksho
p49
Zona
l win
d ef
fect
s
Recommended