Titanium – The heaviest light metal

Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall© Fronius

Titanium – The heaviest light metal

Dan Snitkovsky

Uniweld Israel

FRONIUS International GmbH

Buxbaumstr. 2

4600 Wels

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Titanium – The heaviest light metal

Lithium -

light metal5g/cm³

0,5g/cm³ 4,5g/cm³ Heavy metal

Titanium

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TITANIUM,

Part of the IVb group of the table of the elements

(titanium, zirconium, hafnium)

Vb group

(Vanadium, niobium, tantalum )

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Titanium

Part of the IVb group of the tableof the elements (titanium, zirconium, hafnium)

Vb group(vanadium, niobium, tantalum )

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Advantages

Highest corrosion resistance Good oxidation resistance at < 600°C Low density High specific strength Excellent yield strength Outstanding biocompatibility Excellent decoration ability

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Turbine engine construction

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Application turbine

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Implant in the dentistry

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Implant, turbo charger, turbine industry

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Lynx helicopter rotor

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Defense industry

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Attention:

At more than 9% aluminium dangerous brittle intermetallic phases can be developed

This is the reason that titanium is only available with max. 8% Al.

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Attention:

Not more than 0,1% O2 in titanium, otherwise:no corrosion resistance no weldabilityno more ductility

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Attention:

No H2 – enemy no. 1 !!

Has to be less than 10-3 (0,001%) otherwise Embrittlement Drops out HYDRIDE PHASE

Solubility H2 at 300°C = 18 weight%

Solubility H2 at RT only = 0,002 weight%

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Attention: No N2 !

Embrittlement starts at 0,3 weight%

Oxygen equivalent contamination in (weight%)

Q = (O2) + 2 (N2) + 2/3 (C)

Hardness (HB) depends on (O2) : HB = 40 + 310 Q

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Tensile strength:

Unalloyed titanium has 290 up to 740N/mm²

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Higher tensile strength is only achieved by alloying:

Ti6Al4V unalloyed titanium

other

alloys

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( + ) = standard alloy since 1940 in USA

start of production for the first time in 1954 -

„Pratt+Whitney / General Electric“ at turbines

(3.7164) = Ti 6Al 4V has 900 bis 1300 N/mm²

90% 6% 4%

At 300°C long term performance is OK, but turbines have to

fulfill higher demands - more about that later

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Selection of filler metal for welding

Because of ductility choose always one grade/step

„lower“ undermatched wire .

Anyway the seam will be 50HB harder than the

base material.

Reason: unintentional amalgamation with O2/N2

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Brazing: Most frequently silver-basedShort dwell period required, otherwise phase-

formation, for this reason small parts only.Brazing with: Ti 15Ni 15Cu (953° – 970°C)

fair wetting behavior, but corrosion resistance is ok, furthermore the mechanical properties are better.

Ti 48Zr 4Be (898° – 926°C)good wetting behavior, but worse brazing results for the rest

As solder for titanium you may also use:Al 99,5 / AlMn / AlSi 12

Ca. 680° – 690°C

Electron beam welding

Vacuom 10(-4) Torr

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© Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall

© Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall

Titanium WIG – special arrangements

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© Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall

Titanium WIG – special arrangements

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© Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall

© Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall

© Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall

Orbital welds

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© Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall

© Fronius Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall

Titanium MIG – special arrangements

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Titanium MIG – special arrangements

Teflon innerliner top wire feeding properties Non-sensitive to high

temperatures less abrasion in the innerliner

Teflon drive rolls - because titanium is

very soft and sensitive regarding feeding and

contamination

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Titan das schwerste Leichtmetall© Fronius

RCU 5000i Remote Control Unit

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