Tolkien Thomas Honegger t.m.honegger@gmx.de. Digitale Bibliothek: aufgrund technischer Probleme...

TolkienTolkien

Thomas HoneggerThomas Honegger

t.m.honegger@gmx.det.m.honegger@gmx.de

Digitale Bibliothek: Digitale Bibliothek: aufgrund technischer aufgrund technischer Probleme verzögert Probleme verzögert

sich die Einstellung der sich die Einstellung der PP-Präsentationen - wir PP-Präsentationen - wir bitten um Verständnisbitten um Verständnis

J.R.R. Tolkien J.R.R. Tolkien

Edith Bratt (c. 1916)Edith Bratt (c. 1916)

Tolkien the Soldier Tolkien the Soldier (1915-18)(1915-18)

War and Middle-earthWar and Middle-earth

June 1916: Tolkien at the June 1916: Tolkien at the Somme; serves as Battalion Somme; serves as Battalion Signalling OfficerSignalling Officer

November 1916: Tolkien back in November 1916: Tolkien back in England suffering from ‘trench England suffering from ‘trench fever’fever’

War and Middle-earth 2War and Middle-earth 2

January & February 1917: begins January & February 1917: begins to write to write The Book of Lost TalesThe Book of Lost Tales while convalescingwhile convalescing

Earendil the Mariner <Earendil the Mariner <Eala Earendel engla beorhtast Eala Earendel engla beorhtast ofer middangeard monnum ofer middangeard monnum sended (sended (ChristChrist I, l. 104f) I, l. 104f)

War and Middle-earth 3War and Middle-earth 3

John Garth. 2003. John Garth. 2003. Tolkien and the Tolkien and the Great War. The Threshold of Middle-Great War. The Threshold of Middle-earthearth. London: HarperCollins.. London: HarperCollins.

TCBS: Christopher Wiseman, TCBS: Christopher Wiseman, Geoffrey Bache Smith (Geoffrey Bache Smith (), Robert ), Robert Gilson (Gilson (), J.R.R. Tolkien), J.R.R. Tolkien

The KalevalaThe Kalevala

KalevalaKalevala: Finnish National Epic: Finnish National Epic Product of the national Product of the national

Romanticism movementRomanticism movement Compiled and edited by Elias Compiled and edited by Elias

Lönnrot (Lönnrot (KalevalaKalevala 1838, 1838, New New KalevalaKalevala 1849) 1849)

Ilmarinen forges the Ilmarinen forges the SampoSampo

KullervoKullervo

Lemminkainen raised Lemminkainen raised from the deadfrom the dead

Elias LönnrotElias Lönnrot

Elias Lönnrot (*1802-1884), Elias Lönnrot (*1802-1884), Finnish philologist, poet, and Finnish philologist, poet, and folklorist. Practised medicine in folklorist. Practised medicine in country districts, where he country districts, where he transcribed traditional ballads, transcribed traditional ballads, among them the Kalevala cycle. among them the Kalevala cycle. Became professor of Finnish Became professor of Finnish literature at Helsinki.literature at Helsinki.

Tolkien a new Lönnrot?Tolkien a new Lönnrot?

““I had a mind to make a body of more I had a mind to make a body of more or less connected legend, ranging from or less connected legend, ranging from the large and cosmogonic, to the level the large and cosmogonic, to the level of romantic fairy-story – the larger of romantic fairy-story – the larger founded on the lesser in contact with founded on the lesser in contact with the earth, the lesser drawing splendour the earth, the lesser drawing splendour from the vast backcloths – which I from the vast backcloths – which I could dedicate simply to: to England; to could dedicate simply to: to England; to my country.” (Letter to Milton my country.” (Letter to Milton Waldman; late 1951)Waldman; late 1951)

A Mythology for A Mythology for England?England?

““It should possess the tone and It should possess the tone and quality that I desired, somewhat cool quality that I desired, somewhat cool and clear, be redolent of our ‘air’ and clear, be redolent of our ‘air’ (the clime and soil of the North (the clime and soil of the North West, meaning Britain and the hither West, meaning Britain and the hither parts of Europe; not Italy or the parts of Europe; not Italy or the Aegean, still less the East), […].”Aegean, still less the East), […].”(Letter to Milton Waldman; late (Letter to Milton Waldman; late 1951)1951)

The geography of The geography of Middle-earthMiddle-earth

The racial geography of The racial geography of MEME

The racial geography of The racial geography of MEME

Who‘s that guy?Who‘s that guy?

The racial geography of The racial geography of MEME

Númenor / Atalante / Númenor / Atalante / WesternesseWesternesse

The racial geography of The racial geography of MEME

The racial geography of The racial geography of MEME

The racial geography of The racial geography of MEME

The racial geography of The racial geography of Middle-earthMiddle-earth

The Loss of the ‘English’ The Loss of the ‘English’ Mythology 1Mythology 1

The Loss of the ‘English’ The Loss of the ‘English’ Mythology 2Mythology 2

The Loss of the ‘English’ The Loss of the ‘English’ Mythology 3Mythology 3

matter of Britain (King Arthur matter of Britain (King Arthur cycle)cycle)

matter of Rome (Troy cycle)matter of Rome (Troy cycle) matter of France (Charlemagne matter of France (Charlemagne

cycle)cycle) *matter of England*matter of England

Tolkien and words 1Tolkien and words 1

1917 November; birth of eldest son 1917 November; birth of eldest son John (who became a Catholic priest John (who became a Catholic priest and who died only last year)and who died only last year)

1918 November returns to Oxford 1918 November returns to Oxford and joins the staff of the NED/OED. and joins the staff of the NED/OED.

in charge of the entries in charge of the entries warmwarm, , waterwater, , waspwasp, , wickwick (lamp)(lamp), and , and winterwinter..

1922 publication of 1922 publication of A Middle A Middle English VocabularyEnglish Vocabulary

Tolkien and words 2Tolkien and words 2

warm, adj.warm, adj.[Com. Teut. : OE [Com. Teut. : OE wearmwearm = OFris. = OFris. warmwarm (mod. WFris (mod. WFris waermwaerm, NFris. , NFris. wawa\\rem), Mdu., Du. rem), Mdu., Du. warmwarm, OS. , OS. warmwarm (MLG. (MLG. war(e)mwar(e)m, LG. , LG. warmwarm), OHG. ), OHG. war(a)mwar(a)m (MHG., G. (MHG., G. warmwarm), ON. ), ON. varmurvarmur (Norw., Sw., Da. (Norw., Sw., Da. varmvarm) Goth. ) Goth. warm-warm- in in warmjanwarmjan to warm, cherish: –––––– to warm, cherish: –––––– OTeut.*OTeut.*warmowarmo-, also *-, also *wermwerm--

A Middle English A Middle English VocabularyVocabulary

Middle English Middle English Vocabulary 2Vocabulary 2

Wordlist accompanying Kenneth Wordlist accompanying Kenneth Sisam’s anthology of Middle-Sisam’s anthology of Middle-English verse and prose English verse and prose Fourteenth Century Verse and Fourteenth Century Verse and ProseProse (Oxford, At the Clarendon (Oxford, At the Clarendon Press, 1921)Press, 1921)

Middle English Middle English Vocabulary 3Vocabulary 3

Contents (among other items): Contents (among other items): The Dancers of ColbekThe Dancers of Colbek Sir Gawain and the Green KnightSir Gawain and the Green Knight

(excerpts)(excerpts) The PearlThe Pearl (excerpts) (excerpts) The BlacksmithsThe Blacksmiths Sir OrfeoSir Orfeo

Sir Orfeo 1Sir Orfeo 1

Written in the first half of the Written in the first half of the 14th century.14th century.

Orfeo was a king, / In Inglond an Orfeo was a king, / In Inglond an heighe lordingheighe lording

Orpheo most of ony thing / Louede Orpheo most of ony thing / Louede the gle of harpyng;the gle of harpyng;

This king soiournd in Traciens, / This king soiournd in Traciens, / That was a cite of noble defens; / That was a cite of noble defens; / For Winchester was cleped tho / For Winchester was cleped tho / Traciens withouten no.Traciens withouten no.

Sir Orfeo 2Sir Orfeo 2

The king hadde a quen of priis, / The king hadde a quen of priis, / That was ycleped Dame HerodisThat was ycleped Dame Herodis

Vnder a fair ympe-tre, /[…] this Vnder a fair ympe-tre, /[…] this fair quene / Fel on slepe opon the fair quene / Fel on slepe opon the grene.grene.

Visited/abducted by the king of Visited/abducted by the king of Faery, final abduction announced.Faery, final abduction announced.

Guarded by many knights but Guarded by many knights but abduction cannot be prevented.abduction cannot be prevented.

Sir Orfeo 3Sir Orfeo 3 Orfeo gives up his kingship and lives Orfeo gives up his kingship and lives

in the forest, hoping to find a trace in the forest, hoping to find a trace of the King of Faery.of the King of Faery.

He might se him bisides / Oft in hot He might se him bisides / Oft in hot vndertides / The king of fairy with vndertides / The king of fairy with his rout / Com to hunt him al his rout / Com to hunt him al about, / With dim cri and bloweing; / about, / With dim cri and bloweing; / And houndes also with him And houndes also with him berking; / Ac no best thai no nome, / berking; / Ac no best thai no nome, / No neuer he nist whider thai No neuer he nist whider thai bicome.bicome.

Elvish Hunting PartyElvish Hunting Party

Sir Orfeo 4Sir Orfeo 4

And other while he might him And other while he might him se / As a gret ost bi him te / Wele se / As a gret ost bi him te / Wele atourned ten hundred knightes, / atourned ten hundred knightes, / Ich y-armed to his rightes, / Of Ich y-armed to his rightes, / Of cuntenance stout and fers, / With cuntenance stout and fers, / With mani desplaid baners, / And ich mani desplaid baners, / And ich his swerd ydrawe hold, / Ac neuer his swerd ydrawe hold, / Ac neuer he nist whider thai wold.he nist whider thai wold.

FingolfinFingolfin

Sir Orfeo 5Sir Orfeo 5

And other while he seighe other And other while he seighe other thing: / Knightes and leuedis thing: / Knightes and leuedis com daunceing / In queynt atire, com daunceing / In queynt atire, gisely, / Queynt pas and softly; / gisely, / Queynt pas and softly; / Tabours and trunpes yede hem Tabours and trunpes yede hem bi, / And al maner mentraci.bi, / And al maner mentraci.

Sir Orfeo 6Sir Orfeo 6

A castel he sighe, / Riche and real, A castel he sighe, / Riche and real, and wonder heighe. / Al the vtmast and wonder heighe. / Al the vtmast wal / Was clere and schine as cristal; / wal / Was clere and schine as cristal; / An hundred tours ther were about, / An hundred tours ther were about, / Degiselich, and bataild stout; / The Degiselich, and bataild stout; / The butras com out of the diche, / Of rede butras com out of the diche, / Of rede gold y-arched riche; / The vousour gold y-arched riche; / The vousour was anow(rn)ed al / Of ich maner was anow(rn)ed al / Of ich maner diuers animal. / Within ther wer wides diuers animal. / Within ther wer wides wones / Al of precious stones.wones / Al of precious stones.

A Faery CastleA Faery Castle

In the halls of the elven In the halls of the elven kingking

Academic career takes Academic career takes offoff

1919 freelance tutor (in demand for 1919 freelance tutor (in demand for female students); uses Rúmil’s female students); uses Rúmil’s alphabet for diary entries.alphabet for diary entries.

1920 appointed Reader in English 1920 appointed Reader in English Language at Leeds University. Birth of Language at Leeds University. Birth of second son Michael.second son Michael.

1921 family moves to Leeds, turns 1921 family moves to Leeds, turns down offer of chair at Cape Town.down offer of chair at Cape Town.

1922 E.V. Gordon joins staff at Leeds. 1922 E.V. Gordon joins staff at Leeds. Tolkien and Gordon begin work on Tolkien and Gordon begin work on their edition of SGGK.their edition of SGGK.

Rúmil’s alphabet 1Rúmil’s alphabet 1

““Die Sarati stellten ein allgemeines Die Sarati stellten ein allgemeines Lautalphabet dar, wobei, Lautalphabet dar, wobei, entsprechend der Sprachtheorie der entsprechend der Sprachtheorie der Noldor, die Vokale nicht als Noldor, die Vokale nicht als eigenständige Laute angesehen eigenständige Laute angesehen wurden, sondern als ‘Färbungen’ der wurden, sondern als ‘Färbungen’ der Konsonanten. Somit wurden nur Konsonanten. Somit wurden nur Konsonanten als echte Sarati Konsonanten als echte Sarati geschrieben, die Vokale hingegen geschrieben, die Vokale hingegen als diakritische Zeichen.als diakritische Zeichen.

Rúmil’s alphabet 2Rúmil’s alphabet 2

[…] Die Sarati wurden […] Die Sarati wurden gewöhnlich in Reihen gewöhnlich in Reihen geschrieben, von oben nach geschrieben, von oben nach unten, mit einem vertikalen unten, mit einem vertikalen Strich als Leitlinie, wobei die Strich als Leitlinie, wobei die Vokalzeichen zur Linken jeweils Vokalzeichen zur Linken jeweils folgenden Konsonanten folgenden Konsonanten hinzugesetzt wurden.” hinzugesetzt wurden.” (Pesch, (Pesch, ElbischElbisch, p. 182f.), p. 182f.)

Rúmil’s alphabet 3Rúmil’s alphabet 3

similarities to similarities to HebrewHebrew Ogham alphabetOgham alphabet

Zur Anzeige wird der QuickTime™ Dekompressor „TIFF (Unkomprimiert)“

benötigt.

English Bookhand & English Bookhand & TengwarTengwar

Zur Anzeige wird der QuickTime™ Dekompressor „TIFF (LZW)“

benötigt.

TengwarTengwar

Zur Anzeige wird der QuickTime™ Dekompressor „TIFF (LZW)“

benötigt.

Fun and GamesFun and Games

1922 The Viking Club (devoted to 1922 The Viking Club (devoted to reading sagas, drinking beer and reading sagas, drinking beer and sing comic songs)sing comic songs)

birth of third son Christopher birth of third son Christopher (who later in his life becomes a (who later in his life becomes a university teacher, too, and his university teacher, too, and his father’s literary executor)father’s literary executor)

Tolkien & ChristopherTolkien & Christopher

Poems & ProfessorsPoems & Professors

1920-24 various poems with 1920-24 various poems with mythological or Middle-earth mythological or Middle-earth associations.associations.

1924 becomes Professor of English 1924 becomes Professor of English Language at Leeds UniversityLanguage at Leeds University

1925 publication of edition of SGGK1925 publication of edition of SGGK 1925 appointed Rawlinson and 1925 appointed Rawlinson and

Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon at Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon at Oxford. (see Oxford. (see LettersLetters p. 12f). p. 12f).

1926 meets C.S. Lewis1926 meets C.S. Lewis

Clive Staples ‘Jack’ Clive Staples ‘Jack’ LewisLewis

The Tolkien Family 1The Tolkien Family 1

The Tolkien Family 2The Tolkien Family 2

The Tolkien Family 3The Tolkien Family 3

A Day in the Life of A Day in the Life of Prof. J.R.R. TolkienProf. J.R.R. Tolkien

(Carpenter, (Carpenter, BiographyBiography, , 120-126)120-126)

Next time:Next time:

RincCon 04 Lectures:RincCon 04 Lectures:

Die Reiter von Rohan &Die Reiter von Rohan &‘Hübsch ist, wer hübsch ‘Hübsch ist, wer hübsch

tut’tut’