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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    11

    Onsi te Wastew aterConc ept s, Mater i a ls ,

    Regulat ions& The App l ica t ion Process

    Part I

    B Onsite Sewage SystemMaterials

    Instructors:

    Bart HarrissBart Harriss, RS, Environmental ManagerBureau of Onsite Sewage [email protected]

    Marcelo BlancoMarcelo Blanco, Environmental Health Program ConsultantBureau of Onsite Sewage [email protected]

    22

    ObjectivesObjectives

    To give a clear understanding of theTo give a clear understanding of the

    materials used in onsite wastewatermaterials used in onsite wastewater

    treatment and disposal systems includingtreatment and disposal systems including

    thethe distribution methodsdistribution methods,, drainfielddrainfield

    configurationsconfigurations andand alternative drainfieldalternative drainfield

    productsproducts..

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    33

    Treatment ReceptaclesTreatment ReceptaclesCONSIST OF:CONSIST OF:

    Septic Tanks, Laundry, Greywater,Septic Tanks, Laundry, Greywater,

    Grease Interceptors and Dosing TanksGrease Interceptors and Dosing Tanks

    CONSTRUCTION:CONSTRUCTION:

    Concrete, Fiberglass, PolyethyleneConcrete, Fiberglass, Polyethylene

    Chapter 64E-6.013 Construction Materials and Standards for

    Treatment Receptacles

    44

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    55

    66

    Grease Interceptor

    Wastewater fromkitchen sinks anddishwasher entersthe greaseinterceptor

    Wastewater flowsthrough the interceptorand with enough timeallows fats, oils, greasesand solids to separate

    Wastewater

    exitsinterceptorwith lowerlevels offats, oils,greasesand solids

    Not required for residences

    Only kitchen wastewater through interceptor and plumbed to septic tank receivingcombined waste flows

    Required when grease is produced in quantities that could cause line stoppage orhinder sewage disposal.

    Examples are: food establishments, instititutions with food service/cooking etc.

    Minimum capacity is 750 gallons andmaximum capacity is 1250 gallons (ifgreater that 1250, multi-chambered

    tanks can be used

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    77

    Pump Tank/Dosing Tank

    64E-6.013(9)(c ), FAC - Proper Connections to Pump/Dosing Tanks

    88

    Pump Tank/Dosing Tank

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    99

    Treatment ReceptaclesTreatment ReceptaclesShall be Single or have multiple compartmentsShall be Single or have multiple compartments

    All tanks can have single or multiple compartmentsAll tanks can have single or multiple compartments

    If single compartment tanks are used they shall beIf single compartment tanks are used they shall beplaced in series to achieve required capacity.placed in series to achieve required capacity.

    Example:Example:

    11stst compartment or multiple compartment tank or tankcompartment or multiple compartment tank or tankin series shall be 2/3 of the required effective capacity,in series shall be 2/3 of the required effective capacity,

    22ndnd tank shall be at least 1/5 of the first tank andtank shall be at least 1/5 of the first tank andcombined effective capacity shall equal or exceed thecombined effective capacity shall equal or exceed thetotal.total.

    900 gallon septic tank900 gallon septic tank 11stst chamber 600,chamber 600,22ndnd chamber 300 gallonschamber 300 gallons

    1010

    Capacity of Treatment ReceptaclesCapacity of Treatment Receptacles

    225225LaundryLaundry

    250250GraywaterGraywater

    12501250750750Grease InterceptorGrease Interceptor

    900900Septic TankSeptic Tank

    MaximumMaximumMinimumMinimumTypeType

    Note: For repairs the smallest tank may be 600 gallons

    150150DosingDosing

    (capacity in gallons)

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    1111

    SealsSeals

    Check the website under Product Listings for approved products.

    http://www.myfloridaeh.com/ostds/products/products.html

    1212

    FiltersFilters

    Check the website under Product Listings for approved products.

    http://www.myfloridaeh.com/ostds/products/products.html

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    1313

    SealantsSealants

    Check the website under Product Listings for approved products.

    http://www.myfloridaeh.com/ostds/products/products.html

    1414

    Legends & ManholesLegends & Manholes

    LegendLegend--cast, stamped,cast, stamped,

    stenciled or decaledstenciled or decaled

    indicating approvalindicating approval

    number and tanknumber and tank

    capacity in gallons andcapacity in gallons andcategory 3 or 4 (2category 3 or 4 (2 highhigh

    lettering)lettering)

    Access manholes forAccess manholes for

    each compartment [225each compartment [225square inches min.]square inches min.]

    Access manholesAccess manholes

    properly securedproperly secured

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    1515

    Distribution BoxDistribution Box

    WatertightWatertight Constructed of durableConstructed of durable

    materialsmaterials (adequate(adequatestructural strength)structural strength)

    Sized to accommodateSized to accommodaterequired number ofrequired number ofdrainline pipesdrainline pipes

    Each line individuallyEach line individuallyconnected to boxconnected to box

    Invert to box 1 inch aboveInvert to box 1 inch aboveoutletsoutlets

    AllAll outletsoutlets must be levelmust be levelwith respect to each otherwith respect to each other

    1616

    Header Pipe StandardsHeader Pipe Standards Materials; PVC, Corrugated Polyethylene,Materials; PVC, Corrugated Polyethylene,

    Corrugated PolyethyleneCorrugated Polyethylene

    Header pipe interiorHeader pipe interior -- smoothsmooth

    4 inch minimum inside diameter for gravity flow4 inch minimum inside diameter for gravity flow

    Not perforated pipeNot perforated pipe

    Laid Level and at least 18 inches from tankLaid Level and at least 18 inches from tank

    Encased with mineral aggregate (if aggregate isEncased with mineral aggregate (if aggregate isused), supported by soil andused), supported by soil and soil tightsoil tight

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    1717

    1818

    Drain LinesDrain Lines Maximum fall of 1 inch per 10 feetMaximum fall of 1 inch per 10 feet

    4 inch perforated drain pipe for standard4 inch perforated drain pipe for standardgravity aggregate drainfield systemgravity aggregate drainfield system

    Material; PVC, CorrugatedMaterial; PVC, CorrugatedPolyethylene,Polyethylene,

    Connected in continuous circuit in bed,Connected in continuous circuit in bed,mound, and filled systemsmound, and filled systems

    Distal ends capped or sealed if notDistal ends capped or sealed if notloopedlooped

    Not required for standard trenchNot required for standard trenchsystemssystems

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    1919

    Drain TrenchDrain Trench

    Drain Trenches maximum width 36 inchesDrain Trenches maximum width 36 inches Trenches 12Trenches 12 or lessor less-- min. 12min. 12 separationseparation

    between trench sidewallsbetween trench sidewalls

    Trenches 12Trenches 12--3636-- minimum 24minimum 24 separationseparation

    between trench sidewallsbetween trench sidewalls

    Maximum Trench Length is 100 feet for allMaximum Trench Length is 100 feet for all

    gravitygravity--fed and liftfed and lift--dosed drainfieldsdosed drainfields

    Total depth of mineral aggregateTotal depth of mineral aggregatemin.12min.12

    Maximum depth to bottom of d.fMaximum depth to bottom of d.f3030 Soil coverSoil cover 66 min.min.

    2020

    Conventional / Baseline SystemConventional / Baseline System

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    2121

    Typical Aggregate TrenchTypical Aggregate Trench

    12

    2222

    Typical Bed with ChambersTypical Bed with Chambers

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    2323

    2424

    Absorption BedsAbsorption Beds Maximum area 1500 sq. ft per bedMaximum area 1500 sq. ft per bed

    10 foot separation between sidewalls of10 foot separation between sidewalls of

    adjacent bedsadjacent beds

    Maximum length to width ratioMaximum length to width ratio

    Total depth of mineral aggregate 12Total depth of mineral aggregate 12

    Maximum 36Maximum 36 separation between drainlinesseparation between drainlines

    Distance between bed sidewall and center ofDistance between bed sidewall and center ofoutside drain lineoutside drain line66--1818

    No part of drainfield within 18No part of drainfield within 18 of treatment orof treatment or

    pump tankpump tank

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    2525

    Gravity flow

    only a few holes actually supply effluentonly a few holes actually supply effluent

    infiltrative surface directly beneath theseinfiltrative surface directly beneath these

    holes gets ALL the effluent(pulls less air)holes gets ALL the effluent(pulls less air)

    once this area clogs, effluent flows to nearbyonce this area clogs, effluent flows to nearby

    areasareas -- creeping failure/ progressive cloggingcreeping failure/ progressive clogging

    once bottom surface clogs, begins usingonce bottom surface clogs, begins using

    sidewallssidewalls

    2626

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    2727

    2828Courtesy of Infiltrator

    Gravity Flow System

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    2929

    SepticTank

    MoundedDrainfield

    Soil

    PumpTank

    Lift Dosed System

    When septic tank is placed too low for gravity flow to drainfield

    Applies to drainfields = or < 1000 sq. ft.

    Pump tank w/pump lifts effluent into header or d-box for distributionby gravity

    3030

    Lift Dosing

    Effluent transmission line

    Header pipe

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    3131

    LowLow--Pressure DosingPressure Dosing Required when drainfield is greaterRequired when drainfield is greater

    than 1000 sq. ft. or where applicantthan 1000 sq. ft. or where applicantproposes to use lowproposes to use low--pressure dosingpressure dosing..

    Drainfields 2000 sq. ft.Systems > 2000 sq. ft. -- minimum ofminimum of two alternating dosing pumpstwo alternating dosing pumps

    Drainline length not limited to 100 ft. (additional requirementsDrainline length not limited to 100 ft. (additional requirements forfor

    commercial systems)commercial systems) See Chapter 64E-6.014(3), FAC for more details

    3232

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    3333

    Pressure Distribution -

    Advantages

    Entire drainfield gets effluent every doseEntire drainfield gets effluent every dose

    (pulls more air behind it)(pulls more air behind it)

    Better distributionBetter distributioncompared to gravitycompared to gravity

    Infiltrative surface alternately wetted andInfiltrative surface alternately wetted and

    drieddried

    Rate of clogging reducedRate of clogging reduced

    3434

    Drip Irrigation

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    3535

    Mound and Filled SystemsMound and Filled Systems Used to overcome limiting site conditionsUsed to overcome limiting site conditions

    4 foot separation from drainfield to shoulder of fill4 foot separation from drainfield to shoulder of fill Slopes, shoulders and soil cap shall be stabilized withSlopes, shoulders and soil cap shall be stabilized with

    vegetation (also synthetic vegetation approved by SHO)vegetation (also synthetic vegetation approved by SHO)

    Minimum slope 2 to 1, steeper than 5 to 1 shall beMinimum slope 2 to 1, steeper than 5 to 1 shall be soddedsodded

    Moderately limited soil materialModerately limited soil material maymay be used in thebe used in the

    construction mound slopes and soil capconstruction mound slopes and soil cap

    Low pressure dosing required if moderately limited soils areLow pressure dosing required if moderately limited soils are

    used in constructionused in construction For further details see Chapter 64E-6.009 Alternative Systems

    Filled SystemFilled System

    Subsurface SystemSubsurface SystemNatural Ground

    Natural Ground

    Natural Ground

    Mound SystemMound System

    up to 36

    24min.typical

    24min.typical

    24min.typical

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    3737

    AggregateAggregate

    Coarse and FineCoarse and Fine

    AggregateAggregate -- Any Mixture of Minerals orAny Mixture of Minerals or

    other approved manufactured materialsother approved manufactured materials

    (e.g. crushed concrete, brick chips,(e.g. crushed concrete, brick chips,

    expanded clay or tire chips)expanded clay or tire chips)

    Most variable component of an OSTDSMost variable component of an OSTDS

    Coarse AggregateCoarse Aggregate

    A collection of particles larger than 2A collection of particles larger than 2

    mmmm

    (0.079 in and smaller than 64(0.079 in and smaller than 64 mmmm 2.52.5 inin))

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    3939

    Approved Aggregate MaterialsApproved Aggregate Materials

    LimestoneLimestone

    SlagSlag

    Quartz RockQuartz Rock

    GraniteGranite

    River GravelRiver Gravel

    Recycled Crushed ConcreteRecycled Crushed Concrete

    LightLight--Weight Expanded Clay Aggregates (LECA)Weight Expanded Clay Aggregates (LECA)

    Other Equally Durable MaterialsOther Equally Durable Materials Tire Chips, Brick Chips, Etc.Tire Chips, Brick Chips, Etc.

    4040

    These DOT Size NumbersThese DOT Size NumbersAutomatically Comply WithAutomatically Comply With

    64E64E--6 Gradations6 Gradations

    357357

    44

    46746755

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    4141

    Disadvantages of MineralDisadvantages of Mineral

    AggregateAggregate

    Fine particles move downward as weFine particles move downward as we

    walk on the drainfield.walk on the drainfield.

    Fine particles wash down to infiltrativeFine particles wash down to infiltrative

    surface (from effluent or rain).surface (from effluent or rain).

    Fine particles may form a restrictive layerFine particles may form a restrictive layer

    on the infiltrative surface which canon the infiltrative surface which cancause premature failure.cause premature failure.

    Fine AggregateFine Aggregate

    A collection of sandA collection of sand--sizedsized

    particlesparticles

    (0.06 mm up to 2(0.06 mm up to 2 mm or 0.0025 in up tomm or 0.0025 in up to

    0.07870.0787 in)in)

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    4343

    Fine Aggregate Uses inFine Aggregate Uses in

    OSTDSOSTDS

    Replacement material (digReplacement material (dig--outs)outs)

    Mound or Filled systemMound or Filled system

    Sand filtersSand filters

    4444

    View aggregate samples prior to breakView aggregate samples prior to break

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    Alternative Drainfield ProductsAlternative Drainfield Products

    Approved in FloridaApproved in Florida

    4646

    Difference between System Reduction andDifference between System Reduction and

    Comparably Rated Alternative SystemComparably Rated Alternative System

    System reductions are granted with a decreaseSystem reductions are granted with a decrease

    in sewage strength or sewage flow.in sewage strength or sewage flow.

    The current rule provides that reductions forThe current rule provides that reductions for

    alternative drainfield units shall not be approvedalternative drainfield units shall not be approved

    except for performance based treatmentexcept for performance based treatment

    systems.systems. Comparably rated alternative products wereComparably rated alternative products were

    approved based on the manufacturerapproved based on the manufacturers designs design

    and specificationsand specifications..

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    4949

    Polystyrene Bundle InspectionPolystyrene Bundle Inspection

    Rated by the linear footRated by the linear foot

    Can be cut to any lengthCan be cut to any length

    Drainline identified by stripeDrainline identified by stripe

    Bundles must be strappedBundles must be strapped

    Appropriate soil barrierAppropriate soil barrier

    Installed according to mfgInstalled according to mfg

    installation manualinstallation manual

    Distal ends caped in trenchesDistal ends caped in trenches

    Distal ends looped in bed,Distal ends looped in bed,mound, or filledmound, or filled

    5050

    MultiMulti--Pipe Product InspectionPipe Product Inspection

    Rated by the linear footRated by the linear foot

    Can be cut to any lengthCan be cut to any length

    Drainline identified by stripeDrainline identified by stripe

    Bundles must be strappedBundles must be strapped

    PolyesterPolyester--bonded filament soilbonded filament soil

    barrierbarrier

    Installed according to mfgInstalled according to mfg

    installation manualinstallation manual Distal ends caped in trenchesDistal ends caped in trenches

    Distal ends looped in bed,Distal ends looped in bed,

    mound, or filledmound, or filled

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    5151

    Chamber Product InspectionChamber Product Inspection

    Rated by the chamber unitRated by the chamber unit

    Can be cut according to mfgCan be cut according to mfg

    installation manualinstallation manual

    Ensure louvers are notEnsure louvers are not

    blockedblocked

    Infiltrative surface level & freeInfiltrative surface level & free

    of debris, etc.of debris, etc.

    Installed according to mfgInstalled according to mfg

    installation manualinstallation manual

    Distal ends caped in trenchesDistal ends caped in trenches Distal ends looped in bed,Distal ends looped in bed,

    mound, or filledmound, or filled

    5252

    Drip Irrigation InspectionDrip Irrigation Inspection Approved productApproved product (ID by color)(ID by color)

    Can be cut to any lengthCan be cut to any length (can be(can be>100>100))

    Line separationLine separation

    Supply & Return Headers w/vacuumSupply & Return Headers w/vacuumrelease valvesrelease valves

    Continuous loopContinuous loopno dead endsno dead ends

    Infiltrative area same as required forInfiltrative area same as required formineral aggregatemineral aggregate

    Installed according to mfgInstalled according to mfginstallation manualinstallation manual

    Trench infiltrative area = 2 ft XTrench infiltrative area = 2 ft Xemitter spacing X number ofemitter spacing X number ofemittersemitters

    Bed extends 1 foot beyond outerBed extends 1 foot beyond outeremittersemitters

    66--12 inches of cover12 inches of cover

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    Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012

    5353

    TRENCHTRENCH

    VSVS

    ABSORPTION BEDABSORPTION BED

    TRENCHTRENCH

    Smaller RequiredSmaller Required

    DrainfieldDrainfield

    More Sidewall AvailableMore Sidewall Available

    MAXIMUMMAXIMUM 100100 LINEARLINEAR

    FT PER LINEFT PER LINE

    NORMALLY LONGERNORMALLY LONGERLIFESPANLIFESPAN

    BEDBED

    LARGER REQUIREDLARGER REQUIRED

    DRAINFIELDDRAINFIELD

    LESS SIDEWALLLESS SIDEWALL

    AVAILABLEAVAILABLE

    MAXIMUMMAXIMUM 1500 SF1500 SF PERPER

    BEDBED NORMALLY SHORTERNORMALLY SHORTER

    LIFESPANLIFESPAN

    5454

    TRENCHTRENCH

    VSVSABSORPTION BEDABSORPTION BED

    Normally Shorter LifespanNormally Shorter Lifespan Normally Longer LifespanNormally Longer Lifespan

    Maximum 1500 SF PerMaximum 1500 SF PerBedBed

    Maximum 100 Linear Ft.Maximum 100 Linear Ft.Per linePer line

    Less Sidewall AvailableLess Sidewall Available More Sidewall AvailableMore Sidewall Available

    Larger Required DrainfieldLarger Required Drainfield Smaller RequiredSmaller Required

    DrainfieldDrainfield

    BEDBEDTRENCHTRENCH

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    On ite Wa te ater Concept Part B On ite Se age S tem Method & Material 2012

    5555

    10

    30

    3

    33.3

    Total Bottom

    surface area300 SF 300 SF

    3 3

    300 SF100 SF100 SF100 SF

    (30 SF x 2) = 60 SF(10 SF x 2) = 20 SF

    Sidewallsurface area

    (33.3 SF x 6 ) = 200 SF(3 SF x 6) = 18 SF

    Total Infiltrative

    Surface 518 SF 380 SF

    TRENCH VS ABSORPTION BEDTRENCH VS ABSORPTION BED

    (Assuming DFis1 ft thick)

    80 SF218 SF

    5656

    Additional Reference MaterialsAdditional Reference Materials

    Chapter 64EChapter 64E--6, Florida Administrative Code6, Florida Administrative Code

    http://www.myfloridaeh.com/ostds/pdfiles/rule/64Ehttp://www.myfloridaeh.com/ostds/pdfiles/rule/64E--6.pdf6.pdf

    EPA Design ManualEPA Design ManualOnsite Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Systems,Onsite Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Systems,

    October 1980October 1980

    EPA/625/1EPA/625/1--8080--012012

    http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/625180012/625180012total.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/625180012/625180012total.pdf

    EPAEPAOnsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual, February 2002Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual, February 2002

    EPA/625/REPA/625/R--00/00800/008

    http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/625r00008/html/625R00008.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/625r00008/html/625R00008.htm