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7/31/2019 B SystemMaterials Handout
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
11
Onsi te Wastew aterConc ept s, Mater i a ls ,
Regulat ions& The App l ica t ion Process
Part I
B Onsite Sewage SystemMaterials
Instructors:
Bart HarrissBart Harriss, RS, Environmental ManagerBureau of Onsite Sewage [email protected]
Marcelo BlancoMarcelo Blanco, Environmental Health Program ConsultantBureau of Onsite Sewage [email protected]
22
ObjectivesObjectives
To give a clear understanding of theTo give a clear understanding of the
materials used in onsite wastewatermaterials used in onsite wastewater
treatment and disposal systems includingtreatment and disposal systems including
thethe distribution methodsdistribution methods,, drainfielddrainfield
configurationsconfigurations andand alternative drainfieldalternative drainfield
productsproducts..
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
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Treatment ReceptaclesTreatment ReceptaclesCONSIST OF:CONSIST OF:
Septic Tanks, Laundry, Greywater,Septic Tanks, Laundry, Greywater,
Grease Interceptors and Dosing TanksGrease Interceptors and Dosing Tanks
CONSTRUCTION:CONSTRUCTION:
Concrete, Fiberglass, PolyethyleneConcrete, Fiberglass, Polyethylene
Chapter 64E-6.013 Construction Materials and Standards for
Treatment Receptacles
44
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
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66
Grease Interceptor
Wastewater fromkitchen sinks anddishwasher entersthe greaseinterceptor
Wastewater flowsthrough the interceptorand with enough timeallows fats, oils, greasesand solids to separate
Wastewater
exitsinterceptorwith lowerlevels offats, oils,greasesand solids
Not required for residences
Only kitchen wastewater through interceptor and plumbed to septic tank receivingcombined waste flows
Required when grease is produced in quantities that could cause line stoppage orhinder sewage disposal.
Examples are: food establishments, instititutions with food service/cooking etc.
Minimum capacity is 750 gallons andmaximum capacity is 1250 gallons (ifgreater that 1250, multi-chambered
tanks can be used
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
77
Pump Tank/Dosing Tank
64E-6.013(9)(c ), FAC - Proper Connections to Pump/Dosing Tanks
88
Pump Tank/Dosing Tank
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Treatment ReceptaclesTreatment ReceptaclesShall be Single or have multiple compartmentsShall be Single or have multiple compartments
All tanks can have single or multiple compartmentsAll tanks can have single or multiple compartments
If single compartment tanks are used they shall beIf single compartment tanks are used they shall beplaced in series to achieve required capacity.placed in series to achieve required capacity.
Example:Example:
11stst compartment or multiple compartment tank or tankcompartment or multiple compartment tank or tankin series shall be 2/3 of the required effective capacity,in series shall be 2/3 of the required effective capacity,
22ndnd tank shall be at least 1/5 of the first tank andtank shall be at least 1/5 of the first tank andcombined effective capacity shall equal or exceed thecombined effective capacity shall equal or exceed thetotal.total.
900 gallon septic tank900 gallon septic tank 11stst chamber 600,chamber 600,22ndnd chamber 300 gallonschamber 300 gallons
1010
Capacity of Treatment ReceptaclesCapacity of Treatment Receptacles
225225LaundryLaundry
250250GraywaterGraywater
12501250750750Grease InterceptorGrease Interceptor
900900Septic TankSeptic Tank
MaximumMaximumMinimumMinimumTypeType
Note: For repairs the smallest tank may be 600 gallons
150150DosingDosing
(capacity in gallons)
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
1111
SealsSeals
Check the website under Product Listings for approved products.
http://www.myfloridaeh.com/ostds/products/products.html
1212
FiltersFilters
Check the website under Product Listings for approved products.
http://www.myfloridaeh.com/ostds/products/products.html
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
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SealantsSealants
Check the website under Product Listings for approved products.
http://www.myfloridaeh.com/ostds/products/products.html
1414
Legends & ManholesLegends & Manholes
LegendLegend--cast, stamped,cast, stamped,
stenciled or decaledstenciled or decaled
indicating approvalindicating approval
number and tanknumber and tank
capacity in gallons andcapacity in gallons andcategory 3 or 4 (2category 3 or 4 (2 highhigh
lettering)lettering)
Access manholes forAccess manholes for
each compartment [225each compartment [225square inches min.]square inches min.]
Access manholesAccess manholes
properly securedproperly secured
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
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Distribution BoxDistribution Box
WatertightWatertight Constructed of durableConstructed of durable
materialsmaterials (adequate(adequatestructural strength)structural strength)
Sized to accommodateSized to accommodaterequired number ofrequired number ofdrainline pipesdrainline pipes
Each line individuallyEach line individuallyconnected to boxconnected to box
Invert to box 1 inch aboveInvert to box 1 inch aboveoutletsoutlets
AllAll outletsoutlets must be levelmust be levelwith respect to each otherwith respect to each other
1616
Header Pipe StandardsHeader Pipe Standards Materials; PVC, Corrugated Polyethylene,Materials; PVC, Corrugated Polyethylene,
Corrugated PolyethyleneCorrugated Polyethylene
Header pipe interiorHeader pipe interior -- smoothsmooth
4 inch minimum inside diameter for gravity flow4 inch minimum inside diameter for gravity flow
Not perforated pipeNot perforated pipe
Laid Level and at least 18 inches from tankLaid Level and at least 18 inches from tank
Encased with mineral aggregate (if aggregate isEncased with mineral aggregate (if aggregate isused), supported by soil andused), supported by soil and soil tightsoil tight
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
1717
1818
Drain LinesDrain Lines Maximum fall of 1 inch per 10 feetMaximum fall of 1 inch per 10 feet
4 inch perforated drain pipe for standard4 inch perforated drain pipe for standardgravity aggregate drainfield systemgravity aggregate drainfield system
Material; PVC, CorrugatedMaterial; PVC, CorrugatedPolyethylene,Polyethylene,
Connected in continuous circuit in bed,Connected in continuous circuit in bed,mound, and filled systemsmound, and filled systems
Distal ends capped or sealed if notDistal ends capped or sealed if notloopedlooped
Not required for standard trenchNot required for standard trenchsystemssystems
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
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Drain TrenchDrain Trench
Drain Trenches maximum width 36 inchesDrain Trenches maximum width 36 inches Trenches 12Trenches 12 or lessor less-- min. 12min. 12 separationseparation
between trench sidewallsbetween trench sidewalls
Trenches 12Trenches 12--3636-- minimum 24minimum 24 separationseparation
between trench sidewallsbetween trench sidewalls
Maximum Trench Length is 100 feet for allMaximum Trench Length is 100 feet for all
gravitygravity--fed and liftfed and lift--dosed drainfieldsdosed drainfields
Total depth of mineral aggregateTotal depth of mineral aggregatemin.12min.12
Maximum depth to bottom of d.fMaximum depth to bottom of d.f3030 Soil coverSoil cover 66 min.min.
2020
Conventional / Baseline SystemConventional / Baseline System
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
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Typical Aggregate TrenchTypical Aggregate Trench
12
2222
Typical Bed with ChambersTypical Bed with Chambers
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
2323
2424
Absorption BedsAbsorption Beds Maximum area 1500 sq. ft per bedMaximum area 1500 sq. ft per bed
10 foot separation between sidewalls of10 foot separation between sidewalls of
adjacent bedsadjacent beds
Maximum length to width ratioMaximum length to width ratio
Total depth of mineral aggregate 12Total depth of mineral aggregate 12
Maximum 36Maximum 36 separation between drainlinesseparation between drainlines
Distance between bed sidewall and center ofDistance between bed sidewall and center ofoutside drain lineoutside drain line66--1818
No part of drainfield within 18No part of drainfield within 18 of treatment orof treatment or
pump tankpump tank
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
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Gravity flow
only a few holes actually supply effluentonly a few holes actually supply effluent
infiltrative surface directly beneath theseinfiltrative surface directly beneath these
holes gets ALL the effluent(pulls less air)holes gets ALL the effluent(pulls less air)
once this area clogs, effluent flows to nearbyonce this area clogs, effluent flows to nearby
areasareas -- creeping failure/ progressive cloggingcreeping failure/ progressive clogging
once bottom surface clogs, begins usingonce bottom surface clogs, begins using
sidewallssidewalls
2626
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
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2828Courtesy of Infiltrator
Gravity Flow System
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
2929
SepticTank
MoundedDrainfield
Soil
PumpTank
Lift Dosed System
When septic tank is placed too low for gravity flow to drainfield
Applies to drainfields = or < 1000 sq. ft.
Pump tank w/pump lifts effluent into header or d-box for distributionby gravity
3030
Lift Dosing
Effluent transmission line
Header pipe
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
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LowLow--Pressure DosingPressure Dosing Required when drainfield is greaterRequired when drainfield is greater
than 1000 sq. ft. or where applicantthan 1000 sq. ft. or where applicantproposes to use lowproposes to use low--pressure dosingpressure dosing..
Drainfields 2000 sq. ft.Systems > 2000 sq. ft. -- minimum ofminimum of two alternating dosing pumpstwo alternating dosing pumps
Drainline length not limited to 100 ft. (additional requirementsDrainline length not limited to 100 ft. (additional requirements forfor
commercial systems)commercial systems) See Chapter 64E-6.014(3), FAC for more details
3232
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
3333
Pressure Distribution -
Advantages
Entire drainfield gets effluent every doseEntire drainfield gets effluent every dose
(pulls more air behind it)(pulls more air behind it)
Better distributionBetter distributioncompared to gravitycompared to gravity
Infiltrative surface alternately wetted andInfiltrative surface alternately wetted and
drieddried
Rate of clogging reducedRate of clogging reduced
3434
Drip Irrigation
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
3535
Mound and Filled SystemsMound and Filled Systems Used to overcome limiting site conditionsUsed to overcome limiting site conditions
4 foot separation from drainfield to shoulder of fill4 foot separation from drainfield to shoulder of fill Slopes, shoulders and soil cap shall be stabilized withSlopes, shoulders and soil cap shall be stabilized with
vegetation (also synthetic vegetation approved by SHO)vegetation (also synthetic vegetation approved by SHO)
Minimum slope 2 to 1, steeper than 5 to 1 shall beMinimum slope 2 to 1, steeper than 5 to 1 shall be soddedsodded
Moderately limited soil materialModerately limited soil material maymay be used in thebe used in the
construction mound slopes and soil capconstruction mound slopes and soil cap
Low pressure dosing required if moderately limited soils areLow pressure dosing required if moderately limited soils are
used in constructionused in construction For further details see Chapter 64E-6.009 Alternative Systems
Filled SystemFilled System
Subsurface SystemSubsurface SystemNatural Ground
Natural Ground
Natural Ground
Mound SystemMound System
up to 36
24min.typical
24min.typical
24min.typical
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
3737
AggregateAggregate
Coarse and FineCoarse and Fine
AggregateAggregate -- Any Mixture of Minerals orAny Mixture of Minerals or
other approved manufactured materialsother approved manufactured materials
(e.g. crushed concrete, brick chips,(e.g. crushed concrete, brick chips,
expanded clay or tire chips)expanded clay or tire chips)
Most variable component of an OSTDSMost variable component of an OSTDS
Coarse AggregateCoarse Aggregate
A collection of particles larger than 2A collection of particles larger than 2
mmmm
(0.079 in and smaller than 64(0.079 in and smaller than 64 mmmm 2.52.5 inin))
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
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Approved Aggregate MaterialsApproved Aggregate Materials
LimestoneLimestone
SlagSlag
Quartz RockQuartz Rock
GraniteGranite
River GravelRiver Gravel
Recycled Crushed ConcreteRecycled Crushed Concrete
LightLight--Weight Expanded Clay Aggregates (LECA)Weight Expanded Clay Aggregates (LECA)
Other Equally Durable MaterialsOther Equally Durable Materials Tire Chips, Brick Chips, Etc.Tire Chips, Brick Chips, Etc.
4040
These DOT Size NumbersThese DOT Size NumbersAutomatically Comply WithAutomatically Comply With
64E64E--6 Gradations6 Gradations
357357
44
46746755
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
4141
Disadvantages of MineralDisadvantages of Mineral
AggregateAggregate
Fine particles move downward as weFine particles move downward as we
walk on the drainfield.walk on the drainfield.
Fine particles wash down to infiltrativeFine particles wash down to infiltrative
surface (from effluent or rain).surface (from effluent or rain).
Fine particles may form a restrictive layerFine particles may form a restrictive layer
on the infiltrative surface which canon the infiltrative surface which cancause premature failure.cause premature failure.
Fine AggregateFine Aggregate
A collection of sandA collection of sand--sizedsized
particlesparticles
(0.06 mm up to 2(0.06 mm up to 2 mm or 0.0025 in up tomm or 0.0025 in up to
0.07870.0787 in)in)
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
4343
Fine Aggregate Uses inFine Aggregate Uses in
OSTDSOSTDS
Replacement material (digReplacement material (dig--outs)outs)
Mound or Filled systemMound or Filled system
Sand filtersSand filters
4444
View aggregate samples prior to breakView aggregate samples prior to break
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
Alternative Drainfield ProductsAlternative Drainfield Products
Approved in FloridaApproved in Florida
4646
Difference between System Reduction andDifference between System Reduction and
Comparably Rated Alternative SystemComparably Rated Alternative System
System reductions are granted with a decreaseSystem reductions are granted with a decrease
in sewage strength or sewage flow.in sewage strength or sewage flow.
The current rule provides that reductions forThe current rule provides that reductions for
alternative drainfield units shall not be approvedalternative drainfield units shall not be approved
except for performance based treatmentexcept for performance based treatment
systems.systems. Comparably rated alternative products wereComparably rated alternative products were
approved based on the manufacturerapproved based on the manufacturers designs design
and specificationsand specifications..
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
4949
Polystyrene Bundle InspectionPolystyrene Bundle Inspection
Rated by the linear footRated by the linear foot
Can be cut to any lengthCan be cut to any length
Drainline identified by stripeDrainline identified by stripe
Bundles must be strappedBundles must be strapped
Appropriate soil barrierAppropriate soil barrier
Installed according to mfgInstalled according to mfg
installation manualinstallation manual
Distal ends caped in trenchesDistal ends caped in trenches
Distal ends looped in bed,Distal ends looped in bed,mound, or filledmound, or filled
5050
MultiMulti--Pipe Product InspectionPipe Product Inspection
Rated by the linear footRated by the linear foot
Can be cut to any lengthCan be cut to any length
Drainline identified by stripeDrainline identified by stripe
Bundles must be strappedBundles must be strapped
PolyesterPolyester--bonded filament soilbonded filament soil
barrierbarrier
Installed according to mfgInstalled according to mfg
installation manualinstallation manual Distal ends caped in trenchesDistal ends caped in trenches
Distal ends looped in bed,Distal ends looped in bed,
mound, or filledmound, or filled
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
5151
Chamber Product InspectionChamber Product Inspection
Rated by the chamber unitRated by the chamber unit
Can be cut according to mfgCan be cut according to mfg
installation manualinstallation manual
Ensure louvers are notEnsure louvers are not
blockedblocked
Infiltrative surface level & freeInfiltrative surface level & free
of debris, etc.of debris, etc.
Installed according to mfgInstalled according to mfg
installation manualinstallation manual
Distal ends caped in trenchesDistal ends caped in trenches Distal ends looped in bed,Distal ends looped in bed,
mound, or filledmound, or filled
5252
Drip Irrigation InspectionDrip Irrigation Inspection Approved productApproved product (ID by color)(ID by color)
Can be cut to any lengthCan be cut to any length (can be(can be>100>100))
Line separationLine separation
Supply & Return Headers w/vacuumSupply & Return Headers w/vacuumrelease valvesrelease valves
Continuous loopContinuous loopno dead endsno dead ends
Infiltrative area same as required forInfiltrative area same as required formineral aggregatemineral aggregate
Installed according to mfgInstalled according to mfginstallation manualinstallation manual
Trench infiltrative area = 2 ft XTrench infiltrative area = 2 ft Xemitter spacing X number ofemitter spacing X number ofemittersemitters
Bed extends 1 foot beyond outerBed extends 1 foot beyond outeremittersemitters
66--12 inches of cover12 inches of cover
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Onsite Wastewater Concepts - Part B, Onsite Sewage Systems Methods & Materials, 2012
5353
TRENCHTRENCH
VSVS
ABSORPTION BEDABSORPTION BED
TRENCHTRENCH
Smaller RequiredSmaller Required
DrainfieldDrainfield
More Sidewall AvailableMore Sidewall Available
MAXIMUMMAXIMUM 100100 LINEARLINEAR
FT PER LINEFT PER LINE
NORMALLY LONGERNORMALLY LONGERLIFESPANLIFESPAN
BEDBED
LARGER REQUIREDLARGER REQUIRED
DRAINFIELDDRAINFIELD
LESS SIDEWALLLESS SIDEWALL
AVAILABLEAVAILABLE
MAXIMUMMAXIMUM 1500 SF1500 SF PERPER
BEDBED NORMALLY SHORTERNORMALLY SHORTER
LIFESPANLIFESPAN
5454
TRENCHTRENCH
VSVSABSORPTION BEDABSORPTION BED
Normally Shorter LifespanNormally Shorter Lifespan Normally Longer LifespanNormally Longer Lifespan
Maximum 1500 SF PerMaximum 1500 SF PerBedBed
Maximum 100 Linear Ft.Maximum 100 Linear Ft.Per linePer line
Less Sidewall AvailableLess Sidewall Available More Sidewall AvailableMore Sidewall Available
Larger Required DrainfieldLarger Required Drainfield Smaller RequiredSmaller Required
DrainfieldDrainfield
BEDBEDTRENCHTRENCH
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On ite Wa te ater Concept Part B On ite Se age S tem Method & Material 2012
5555
10
30
3
33.3
Total Bottom
surface area300 SF 300 SF
3 3
300 SF100 SF100 SF100 SF
(30 SF x 2) = 60 SF(10 SF x 2) = 20 SF
Sidewallsurface area
(33.3 SF x 6 ) = 200 SF(3 SF x 6) = 18 SF
Total Infiltrative
Surface 518 SF 380 SF
TRENCH VS ABSORPTION BEDTRENCH VS ABSORPTION BED
(Assuming DFis1 ft thick)
80 SF218 SF
5656
Additional Reference MaterialsAdditional Reference Materials
Chapter 64EChapter 64E--6, Florida Administrative Code6, Florida Administrative Code
http://www.myfloridaeh.com/ostds/pdfiles/rule/64Ehttp://www.myfloridaeh.com/ostds/pdfiles/rule/64E--6.pdf6.pdf
EPA Design ManualEPA Design ManualOnsite Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Systems,Onsite Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Systems,
October 1980October 1980
EPA/625/1EPA/625/1--8080--012012
http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/625180012/625180012total.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/625180012/625180012total.pdf
EPAEPAOnsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual, February 2002Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual, February 2002
EPA/625/REPA/625/R--00/00800/008
http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/625r00008/html/625R00008.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/625r00008/html/625R00008.htm