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Notes on Contributors

Editor Wendy Pojmann is assistant professor of modern European history at Siena College in Loudonville, New York. She is the author of Immigrant Women and Feminism in Italy (Ashgate 2006). Her articles on women’s movements, immigration, and oral history have appeared in The Historian, the Journal of International Women’s Studies, and Migration Letters. Pojmann has taught mod-ern European history and women’s studies courses at the University of Missouri in Kansas City, Franklin College in Lugano, Switzerland, and Boston College where she earned her PhD in European history. She is presently working on a study of international women’s organizations during the Cold War and a comparative project that examines migration through the port cities of Genoa and Marseille.

Anna Boucher is a doctoral student within the Department of Government at the London School of Economics and Political Science. Her current research is on the gender and race dimensions of skilled immigration policy. The research presented in this volume on the political participation of Berlin’s Turkish com-munity was conducted during a German Academic Exchange Service funded trip to Berlin in 2003–2004. The research was awarded the University Medal in Government and International Relations at the University of Sydney (2004) and best thesis in Australia on European Studies by the Contemporary European Research Centre at the University of Melbourne (2006).

Magnus Dahlstedt holds a PhD in political science and ethnic studies and is a research fellow at the Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, Sweden. Among his primary research interests are the politics of inclusion/exclusion and multicultural democracy, activism, and civil society. He is currently working on a research project on immigrant youth, social exclu-sion, and political subjectivity in the suburbs of contemporary multiethnic Sweden.

Vera Eccarius-Kelly, associate professor of political science at Siena College in Loudonville, New York, specializes in comparative Middle East and Latin

268 ● Notes on Contributors

American politics. In 2002, she received her PhD from The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University in Boston. Dr. Eccarius-Kelly has spent extended periods of time researching Muslim minority communities in Europe and indigenous revolutionary movements in Latin America. Her publications have appeared in Peace Review: A Journal of Social Science, The Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, and Countering Terrorism in the 21st Century (Praeger International 2007).

Judith Ezekiel, currently professor in residence at Wright State University, is associate professor at the Université de Toulouse le Mirail in France. In addition to her book Feminism in the Heartland, she has published extensively on U.S. and French women’s movements, the history of women’s studies, Franco-American (mis)representations, and comparative race and ethnicities in jour-nals such as Les Temps Modernes, Feminist Studies, Nouvelles Questions Feministes, Women’s Studies Quarterly, Confluences Mediterranee, and Australian Feminist Studies. Founding editor of la revue d´en face, The European Journal of Women’s Studies, and the innovative website The “Second Wave” and Beyond. She also cofounded the French, European, and International Women’s Studies Associations (ANEF, WISE, WOWS), and has created and runs their listservs WISE-L and etudesfeministes-L. Since starting the group Race et Genre in 2002, a part of the Simone-Sagesse Women’s Studies Research Center, her work has emphasized transnational perspectives on race and gender.

Jane Freedman is the Marie Curie Visiting Chair at the Centre de Recherches Politiques de la Sorbonne at the University of Paris I and a senior lecturer in the Department of Politics and International Relations at Southampton University in the United Kingdom. She is author and editor of six books including Immigration and Insecurity in France (Ashgate 2004) and Women, Immigration and Identities in France (Berg 2000), as well as numerous articles on gender, immigration, and security in Europe. Her book Gendering the International Refugee and Asylum Debate was published by Palgrave Macmillan in 2007.

Felix Germain is assistant professor of history at St. John’s University in New York. He received a masters in Africana Studies at Cornell University and a PhD at the University of California at Berkeley in the African Diaspora Studies Program. He specializes in postcolonial urban migration and compara-tive racial formation, with a focus on France and the United States.

Caroline Izambert is currently preparing her dissertation on the PCF and Algerian immigration in France from 1945 to 1965. She is a member of a research network led by the Institut d’Histoire du Temps Présent-CNRS on the Algerian War in France. Quentin Ravelli of the Ecole Normale Supérieure translated her chapter in the volume, which results from a conference paper presented at the National Library in France. Izambert’s articles have appeared in El Watan and La France en guerre.

Notes on Contributors ● 269

Olgu Karan is a PhD candidate in the Department of Sociology at the Middle East Technical University in Ankara. He received his BS degree from the Political Science Department of Bilkent University in Ankara, Turkey, and his MS degree in Political Sociology from the Dalarna University in Falun in 2003. Karan attended a one-year program of thematic courses on social exclusion for international graduate students at Stockholm University. Karan is interested in the areas of social exclusion, social movements, and development.

Eva Schandevyl holds a PhD in contemporary history from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel—Free University of Brussels, on the subject of intellectuals and leftist politics in twentieth-century Europe. She is presently conducting research on a variety of topics such as urban and migration history, the history of law and justice, cultural history, and the history of social and political movements. She has published in Dutch, French, and English, in several international mono-graphs and journals, including the Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics and the European Review of History.

Quinn Slobodian is assistant professor of modern European history at Wellesley College in Massachusetts. He holds a PhD from New York University. His dissertation is titled “Radical Empathy: Third World Politics in 1960s West Germany.” Slobodian has held several fellowships, including a DAAD graduate research scholarship. He has forthcoming articles on West German labor inter-nationalism in the Cold War and on West German interventions at the World Youth Festivals of the 1960s.

Gabriel Alejandro Torres Colón holds a PhD in anthropology from the University of New Mexico and is currently a postdoctoral fellow in the Center for Women’s Intercultural Leadership at Saint Mary’s College in South Bend, Indiana. His dissertation is entitled “Of Muslim Persuasion: The Politics of Convivencia in Ceuta, Spain” which examines the political anthropology of multiculturalism, international borders, and nationalism. Torres Colón is the recipient of a National Science Foundation Dissertation Improvement Grant and has presented his work at the annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association.

Index

Abdeslam, S., 142accommodation, 35, 87, 93, 136, 140ACLI-COLF (Italian Christian Worker’s

Association–Family Collaborators), 196Africa, 19–20, 25, 41, 155, 175, 198, 237

francophone, 15northern, 8, 111–12, 114, 119, 131South, 34, 36–9

Algeria, 2, 4, 36, 99, 100–1, 103–8, 238Algerians, 4, 8–9, 16, 36, 99, 101–6,

108–9, 238Antilles, 15–16, 25

Antilleans, 16, 20–1, 24–9antiracism, 134, 137, 145–6Alexander, Neville, 37–8, 47apartheid, 36–7, 39Asia, 4, 34, 36–7, 41, 89, 175

Asians, 33assimilation, 8, 69, 133, 138, 145, 152, 175,

238asylum, 42, 45, 65, 67, 86, 175Ausländergesetz (Foreigner Law), 43, 45–6

Belgium, 5, 7–8, 17, 64, 67, 71, 73, 129–31, 133, 136–7, 140–6

Brussels, 71–2, 86, 129–30, 132–7, 139–40, 143, 145–6

BUMIDOM (Bureau pour le Développement des Migrations Interressant les Département d’Outre Mer), 15, 21, 24, 26–8

Candelaria, 198Cape Verde, 196, 197, 204Cape Verdean Women’s Association, 197Caribbean, 15–16, 243

Casa Internazionale delle Donne, 198Catholic Church, 240

Catholic identity, 194, 238, 241Catholic organizations, 26, 196,

199–200Ceuta, 4–5, 8–9, 111–26citizenship, 9, 18, 90, 92–3, 152–3, 155,

197, 204, 236Belgian, 141European, 2–5French, 9, 83, 93, 99, 238German, 63, 209–10, 212–16, 218–19,

225Spanish, 114–16, 118, 121–2, 124–5Turkish, 63, 71

claim-making, 176, 213–14, 216, 219, 221–5

Cold War, 35–6, 194, 199communism, 26, 45, 103, 235

communists, 9, 26, 100–9corporatism, 176–81, 185, 188CSC/ACV (Confédération des Syndicats

Chrétiens/Algemeen Christelijk Vakverbond), 131

Arab section, 8, 140–6CSC Brussels, 139Department for Foreign Workers,

138–43, 146Statute of the Immigrant Worker, 138

cultural deficit paradigm, 158

De Gaulle, Charles, 27, 108, 239democracy, 39, 112, 114, 121, 131, 142,

183, 185, 235, 242, 245in Africa, 25as conformity, 40

272 ● Index

democracy—continuedLiberal, 112in Sweden, 153, 158–60, 166–7Western, 60

Democratic Union of Ceuta (UDCE), 118–21, 123–6

Democratic and Social Party of Ceuta (PDSC), 9, 117–20, 125

deportation, 5, 21–2, 25, 34, 42, 45–7, 84, 87

Diaspora, 3, 16, 25, 27–8, 57–9, 61–2, 64–9, 71–5

diversity, 133–5, 138, 144–6, 161, 163, 237cultural, 145, 175–6ethnic, 181among workers, 66, 130–1

domestic workers, 21, 194, 196

Eastern European, 204, 238education, 39, 40, 48, 116, 123, 140–1, 155,

182, 220access to, 25, 40, 90–1, 142, 146, 156,

195, 204bilingual, 120Christian, 240intercultural, 224migrations, 33, 114

employment, 21, 24, 133, 138, 196household, 28, 82legal, 90, 198opportunities, 2, 10, 146, 162, 195temporary, 118

ethnicity, 16, 25, 112, 132, 165, 179–82, 194, 204, 238

Kurdish, 67, 74exclusion, 22, 117, 146, 180, 211, 218, 238,

244political, 7–8, 93–4, 125–6, 151–3, 155,

157–60, 165–7social, 66–7, 133–4, 139–40, 143

European Union, 2, 4, 6, 57, 64, 69–70, 111, 142, 153, 209

European Commission, 68EU Turkey Civic Commission, 68

family, 19, 194reunification, 3, 7–8, 86, 131–2, 175,

196, 211, 215social assistance, 33, 105

fashion, 38, 159, 233

Faust, A., 134FGTB/ABVV (Fédération Générale des

Travailleurs de Belgique/Algemeen Belgisch Vakverbond), 131

Brussels federation, 134–7, 139–40, 143, 145–6

Manifesto for the Integration of Immigrant Workers, 136, 138

feminism, 194, 198, 235, 239, 241–5, 247Filipino Women’s Council, 193, 199Filipinas, 204Flanders, 8, 130, 133, 135, 137, 139foreign aid, 35–7, 40–1foreign students, 4, 6, 34–6, 38, 40–3,

45–7France, 4–11, 15–18, 20–7, 36, 58, 67,

81–6, 88–94, 99–102, 105–7, 109, 111, 130, 178, 196, 202, 234–5, 238–40, 242, 244–7

Free Church Movement, 178, 185French Communist Party (PCF), 8–9,

100–5, 107–9Front de Libération Nationale see National

Liberation Front

gender, 10, 155, 165, 193–7, 201–4, 244, 246

(in)equalities, 25, 69, 74, 92, 123, 167, 183, 242

theory, 3Germany, 4–7, 9–11, 33, 38, 43, 46, 58,

61–9, 71–2, 175, 177, 196, 209–15, 217–18, 220, 223–4

West, 33–8, 40–2, 44–8globalization, 129, 140, 145, 152, 194, 199,

201–2Guest workers, 6, 8, 43, 66, 130, 134–5,

209–11, 217

headscarf, 3, 10, 181, 209, 220–5, 233–4, 241

health care, 28, 90, 162, 176hijab, 233–7, 239–43, 246–7

see also headscarfhousing, 6, 112, 118, 151, 155, 158,

176access to, 23–4, 91, 162, 198legislation, 8, 93projects, 239, 243–4“squat,” 87

Index ● 273

human rights, 61, 67–74, 123, 142, 234, 246

demands for, 35–6, 64–5, 85organizations, 68, 71and the United Nations, 39, 41

hunger strike, 34, 39, 41, 81–3, 87, 90–1

identity politics, 6, 157, 159, 164–7, 236imagined community, 158–9(im)migrant associations, 141, 157, 181,

186, 197Muslim, 3, 8, 58, 66, 69, 103, 111,

114–17, 119–26, 133, 136, 184, 209, 220–1, 223, 234, 236, 238–42, 245

student, 25, 36–7, 41women’s, 10, 193–204

integration, 1–2, 4, 23, 89, 92, 117, 129, 136–7, 145–6, 157, 159–63, 167, 175–6, 179, 182–8, 198, 203, 211, 234, 238, 244

cultural, 7–8policy, 133, 151–3, 223–4political, 8, 66, 193social, 60, 66, 132–3, 139, 193

Iran, 34, 39, 45, 47, 67, 73, 242Islam, 1, 71, 112, 115, 224, 238–9, 241,

243Italy, 5, 9–10, 17, 43, 193–6, 198–204

KON-KURD, 68, 72Kurdistan, 64, 67Kurds, 58–9, 62–72, 74–5

Kurdish movement, 58–9, 61–2, 64–5, 72–3

Kurdish question, 57, 64, 66, 68–9, 71, 74

Kurdish Workers Party (PKK), 62, 64, 67–70, 72–4

legislation, 8, 194–5, 220immigration, 2, 66, 82, 85–6, 201,

214–15lobbying, 62, 64, 68, 72–3, 87, 157, 216–18local elections, 8, 118, 121–2, 133Lumumba, Patrice, 35, 42, 45

media analysis, 3, 214, 216–19, 221–3Morocco, 111–15, 118–19, 122–3, 131, 133,

141–2, 238

multiculturalism, 8, 112, 151–2, 165, 167, 176, 234–6, 239

Muslims, 111, 115, 117, 121, 209, 220–1, 223, 238, 240–1

Nationality Act, 210, 214–20, 222–3, 225National Liberation Front (FLN), 100,

107–8Netherlands, 8, 64, 67, 71New Left, 33–4, 47Ni Putes Ni Soumises, 6, 10, 244nineteen sixty-eight (1968), 2, 6, 16, 21–3,

25–8, 33, 45–7, 142, 240, 246nongovernmental organizations (NGOs),

57, 71, 86, 179, 184, 187, 197, 202Nirumand, Bahman, 47

Peru, 196Philippines, 196, 204political opportunity structure, 3, 7, 11, 58,

92, 176–7, 182, 188, 210–12, 214, 216, 222, 224–5

political participation, 2–5, 8, 11, 62, 130, 136, 142, 167, 209–14, 216, 220–2, 224–5

Portugal, 34, 36, 43, 111prostitution, 61

racism, 6, 17, 132–4, 157, 182, 241, 244–6in France, 28, 101, 236–9in South Africa, 34struggle against, 121, 126, 130, 134, 137,

143, 186, 244“vote against,” 162–3

Rassemblement Démocratique Marocain, 142

refugees, 63, 152, 175, 200, 243religion, 66, 111, 123, 146, 181, 233, 238,

240Republican, 10, 21, 67, 234–9, 241, 244,

246Rome, 194–9

sans-papiers, 5–6, 81–94Sarkozy, Nicolas, 69, 86–8, 239, 246Sembène, Ousmane, 18, 20social movements, 3, 5–6, 10, 13, 22–3,

60–1, 94, 178, 180, 188, 201, 212, 218social movement theory, 3, 58, 62South Africa, 34, 36–9

274 ● Index

Spain, 5, 8, 43, 111, 113–14, 116–17, 119, 121–3

Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party (PSOE), 114–15, 119, 121–5

supranational structures, 59–60, 72Sweden, 4–5, 7–9, 151–4, 156–9, 161–4,

166–7, 175–8, 180–6

trade unions, 1, 5–9, 18, 21, 28, 90–1, 97, 129–34, 136, 144–7, 195, 197, 211–13, 219

Belgian trade unions, 8, 130, 146European trade unions, 5, 130membership, 91

trafficking, 61, 119, 203transnationalism, 4Turkey, 42–3, 58–74, 131, 209, 211,

221Turkish migrants, 11, 209–25

undocumented migrants, 5see also sans-papiers

unemployment, 19, 143, 152, 209, 211, 218United Nations, 41

violence, 41, 63, 214, 237, 242–5against (im)migrants, 83against women, 74, 124, 183–4, 242racial, 121, 182–4state, 33–4, 36, 41, 46, 48

Walloon provinces, 130, 133, 135, 137, 139, 142

World War II, 1, 2, 4, 7, 18, 99–101, 108, 131, 138, 144, 151, 175, 194

xenophobia, 134, 143, 152, 182, 237–8

Yugoslavia, former, 175, 200