BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. WORKS BY BOLZANO

1. Works on Logic, Epistemology and Methodology of Science

Dr. B. Bolzanos Wissenschaftslehre. Versuch einer ausfiihrlichen und grojJtentheils neuen Darslellung der Logik mit sleter Riicksicht auf deren bisherige Bearbeiler. Heraus­gegeben von mehren seiner Freunde. Mit einer Vorrede des Dr. J. Ch. A. Heinroth Sulzbach 1837. 4 Vols.

Dr. Bolzano und seine Gegner. Ein Beitrag zur neuesten Literaturgeschichte, Sulzbach 1839.

Priifung der Philosophie des seligen Georg Hermes von einem Freunde der Ansichten Bolzano's, Sulzbach 1840.

Bolzano's Wissenschaftslehre und Religionswissenschaft in einer beurtheilenden Ueber­sicht. Eine Schriftfiir Aile, die dessen wichtigste Ansichten kennen zu lernen wiinschen, Sulzbach 1841.

Aufsatz, worin eine von Hrn. Exner in seiner Abhandlung: .. Ober den Nominalismus und Realismus" angeregte logische Frage beantwortet wird [Abhandlungen der konig­lichen bohmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, Fiinfte Folge, 2, Prag 1843, Berichte, S. 71-78].

Was ist Philosophie? Von Bernard Bolzano. Aus dessen handschriftlichem NachlajJ, Wien 1849.

2. Works on Mathematics

Betrachtungen iiber einige Gegenstiinde der Elementargeometrie, Prag 1801. Beytriige zu einer begriindeteren Darstellung der Mathematik. Erste Lieferung, Prag

1810. Der binomische Lehrsatz, und als Folgerung aus ihm der polynomische, und die Reihen,

die zur Berechnung der Logarithmen und ExponentialgrojJen dienen, genauer als bisher erwiesen, Prag 1816.

Die drey Probleme der Rectification, der Com planation und der Cubirung, ohne Betrach­tung des unendlich Kleinen, ohne die Annahmen des Archimedes, und ohne irgend eine nicht streng erweisliche Voraussetzung gelost: zugleich als Probe einer giinzlichen Um­staltung der Raumwissenschaft, allen Mathematikern zur Priifung vorgelegt, Leipzig 1817.

Rein analytischer Beweis des Lehrsatzes, dajJ zwischen je zwey Werthen, die ein ent­gegengesetztes Resultat gewiihren, wenigstens eine reelle Wurzel der Gleichung liege, Prag 1817.

Versuch einer objectiven Begriindung der Lehre von der Zusammensetzung der Kriifte [Abhandlungen der koniglichen bohmischen Gessellschaft der Wissenschaften, Fiinfte Folge, 2, Prag 1843, Abhandlungen, pp. 425-464].

Versuch einer objectiven Begriindung der Lehre von den drei Dimensionen des Raumes [ibid., Fiinfte Folge, 3, Prag 1845, Abhandlungen, S. 201-215].

Dr. Bernard Bolzano's Paradoxien des Unendlichen herausgegeben aus dem schriftlichen Nachlasse des Verfassers von Dr. Fr. Pfihonsky, Leipzig 1851.

386 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Functionenlehre. Herausgegeben und mit Anmerkungen versehen von Dr Karel Rychlik, Prag 1930.

Zahlentheorie. Herausgegeben und mit Anmerkungen versehen von Dr Karel Rychlik, Prag 1931.

Ober Haltung, Richtung, Kriimmung und Schnorkelung bei Linien sowohl als Flachen sammt einigen verwandten Begrijfen [Spisy Bernarda Bolzana 5, Prag 1948, pp. 139-181].

K. Rychlik: Theorie der reellen Zahlen im Bolzanos handschri/tlichen Nachlasse, Prag 1962.

B. van Rootselaar: Bolzano's Corrections to His Functionenlehre [Janus 56, Leiden 1969, pp. 1-21].

Bolzano's bibliography also embraces biographical works and correspondence, works on the history of the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences, works on physics, meta­physics, moral philosophy, theology, social philosophy and aesthetics. Furthermore, an enormous amount of manuscripts is to be found in Prague and Vienna.

B. WORKS ON BOLZANO

An extensive, subject-indexed bibliography of the literature on Bolzano appears in the second Introductory Volume of the Bernard Bolzano-Gesamtausgabe, Frommann-Holz­boog, Stuttgart, 1972.

1. General Works

Bauer, R., Der Idealismus und seine Gegner in (Jsterreich, Heidelberg 1966, pp. 37-60. Bergmann, H., Das philosophische Werk Bernard Bo/zanos, Halle 1909. Fujita, I., Borutsiino no tetsugaku, Tokyo 1963. Kolman, A., Bernard Bolzano, Berlin 1963.

2. Biographies

Winter, E., Bernard Bolzano. Ein Lebensbild, Stuttgart 1969. The first Introductory Volume of the Bernard Bolzano-Gesamtausgabe.

Winter, E., 'Leben und geistige Entwicklung des Sozialethikers und Mathematikers Bernard Bolzano 1781-1848', Hallische Monographien 14, Halle 1949.

Zeithammer, G., Dr. Bernard Bolzano's Biographie [Manuscript in the Literary Archive of the Pamatnik ndrodniho pisemnictvi in Prague, written 1848-1850].

3. Logic

Bar-Hillel, Y., 'Bolzano's Definition of Analytic Propositions', Theoria 16, Lund 1950, pp. 91-117, and Methodos 2, Milano 1950, pp. 32-55.

Bar-Hillel, Y., 'Bolzano's Propositional Logic', Archiv liir mathematische Logik und Grundlagenlorschung 1, Stuttgart 1952, pp. 305-338.

Buhl, G., 'Ableitbarkeit und Abfolge in der Wissenschaftstheorie Bolzanos', Kant­studien, Ergiinzungshelte 83, KOln 1961.

Kambartel, F., Introduction to "Bernard Bolzano's Grundlegung der Logik", Philos­ophische Bibliothek 259, Hamburg 1963, pp. VII-LlV.

Morscher, E., Das logische An-sich bei Bernard Bolzano [Diss. Innsbruck, 1968]. Scholz, H., 'Die Wissenschaftslehre Bolzanos', Abhandlungen der Fries'schen Schule

N. F. 6, Berlin 1937, pp. 399-472.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 387

4. Mathematics

Jarnik, V., '0 funkci Bolzanove', Casopis pro pestovdni matematiky afysiky 51, Praha 1922, pp. 248-264.

Jarnik, V., 'Bolzanova "Functionenlehre" , ibid., 60, Praha 1931, pp. 240-262. Jarnik, V., 'Bernard Bolzano a zaklady matematicke analysy', Zdefzku Nejedtemu

Ceskoslovenskd akademie ved, Praha 1953, pp. 450-458. Laugwitz, D., 'Bemerkungen zu Bolzanos GroBenlehre', Archive for History of Exact

Sciences 2, Berlin 1962-1966, pp. 398-409. Rootselaar, B. van, 'Bolzano's theory of real numbers', ibid., pp. 168-180. Rootselaar, B. van, 'Bolzano, Bernard' Dictionary of scientific biography (ed by C. C.

Gillispie), Vol. 2, New York 1970, pp. 273-279. Rychlik, K., 'Dber eine Funktion aus Bolzanos handschriftlichem Nachlasse', Vestnik

Krdlovske ceske spoletnosti nauk, tfida matematicko-pfirodovedeckd, rocnik 1921-1922, no. 4, Praha 1923.

Rychlik, K., 'La theorie des nombres reels dans un ouvrage posthume manuscrit de Bernard Bolzano', Revue d'histoire des sciences 14, Paris 1961, pp. 313-327.

Steele, D., Historical Introduction to "Paradoxes of the Infinite by Dr. Bernard Bolzano" (London 1950).

WuBing, H., 'Bernard Bolzano und die Grundlegung der Infinitesimalrechnung', Zeit­schrift fiir Geschichte der Naturwissenschaft, Technik und Medizin 1, Nr. 3, Berlin 1961, pp. 57-73.

5. Metaphysics

Huonder, Q., Das Unsterblichkeitsproblem in der abendliindischen Philosophie, Stuttgart 1970, pp. 85-90.

Neemann, U., 'Kausalitiit und Determinismus bei Bernard Bolzano', Philosophia naturalis 13, Meisenheim 1972, pp. 353-370.

Pi'ihonsky, F., Atomenlehre des set. Bolzano, insbesondere wie Bolzano die Schwierig­keiten, die dem Denker bei dieser Lehre begegnen, gliicklich beseitigt hat. Dargestellt aus den Schriften desselben, Bautzen 1857.

Stiihler, W., 'Die Frage nach der Unsterblichkeit der Seele und ihren Voraussetzungen in der Philosophie Bolzanos', Philosophisches Jahrbuch der Gorresgesellschaft 42, Fulda 1929, pp. 232-251, 369-383.

Winter, E., 'Die Entwicklung der Auffassung B. Bolzanos von der Willensfreiheit', ibid. 45, Fulda 1932, pp. 483-499.

6. Theology

Winter, E., 'Religion und Offenbarung in der Religionsphilosophie Bernard Bolzanos, dargestellt mit erstmaliger Heranziehung des handschriftlichen Nachlasses Bolzanos' , Breslauer Studien zur historischen Theologie 20, Breslau 1932.

7. Social Philosophy

HoraCek, C., 'Bernard Bolzano und seine Utopie "Vom besten Staat" ',Archivfiir die Geschichte des Sozialismus und der Arbeiterbewegung 2, Leipzig 1912, pp. 68-97.

Salz, A., 'Bernard Bolzanos Utopie "Vom besten Staate"', Archivfiir Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik N. F. 13, Tiibingen 1910, pp. 498-519.

Schindler, F. S., 'Bolzano als Sozialpolitiker', Deutsche Arbeit 8, Prag 1908-1909, pp. 683-699.

Seidlerova, I., Politicke a socidlni ndzory Bernardo Bolzana, Praha 1963.

388 BIBLIOGRAPHY

8. Aesthetics

Svoboda, K., 'Bolzanos Asthetik', Rozpravy Ceskoslovenske akademie ved, rocnik 64, fada SV, sesit 2, Praha 1954.

C. WORKS REFERRED TO BY BOLZANO IN THE SELECTIONS FROM THE WISSENSCHAFTSLEHRE

Abicht, J. H., Verbesserte Logik oder Wahrheitswissenschaft auf dem einzig giiltigen BegriJf der Wahrheit erbaut, Fiirth 1802.

Aristotle, Analytica posteriora [Aristotelis Stagiritae peripateticorum principis Orga­num: Hoc est libri ornnes ad Logicam pertinentes, Graece, & Latine: Jul. Pacio it Beriga interprete. Cum triplici Indice. Editio secunda accurate recognita & emendata. Frankfurt 1592].

Aristotle, De sophisticis elenchis (ibid.). Aristotle, Metaphysica. Editio stereotypa, Leipzig 1832. Arnauld, A. and Nicole, P., Logica sive ars cogitandi. Editio novissima, Basel 1749. Baumgarten, A. G., Acroasis logica, aucta et in systema redacta ab J. G. Tiillnero, Halle

1765. Beck, J. S., Lehrbuch der Logik, Rostock 1820. Beneke, F. E., Lehrbuch der Logik als Kunstlehre des Denkens, Berlin 1832. Bouterwek, F., Idee einer Apodiktik, Halle 1799. Calker, F. A. van, Denklehre oder Logik und Dialektik, nebst einem AbrijJ der Geschichte

und Literatur derselben, Bamberg 1822. Crusius, C. A., Weg zur GewijJheit und ZuverlafJigkeit der menschlichen ErkenntnijJ,

Leipzig 1747. Eberhard, J. A. (ed.), Philosophisches Magazin 1-4, Halle 1789-1792. Fechner, G. T., Ober das hiichste Gut, Leipzig 1846. Fichte, J. G., Nachge/assene Werke, I: Einleitungsvorlesungen in die Wissenschaftslehre,

die transscendentale Logik, und die Thatsachen des Bewufttseins: vorgetragen an der Universitat zu Berlin in den Jahren 1812 und 1813, Bonn 1834.

Fries, J. F., System der Logik, Heidelberg 1811. Gerlach, G. W., GrundrijJ der Logik, zum Gebrauch akademischer Vor/esungen, Halle 1817. Hegel, G. W. F., Wissenschaft der Logik, Niirnberg 1812-1813. Hegel G. W. F., 'Vorlesungen tiber die Philosophie der Religion. Nebst einer Schrift

tiber die Beweise vom Daseyn Gottes', Werke 11-12, Berlin 1832. Herbart, J. F., Lehrbuch z!/r Ein/eitung in die Philosophie, Konigsberg 1813. Hillebrand, J., GrundrifJ der Logik und philosophischen Vorkenntnislehre zum Gebrauch

bei Vorlesungen, Heidelberg 1820. Hollmann, S. c., Philosophia rationalis, quae logica vulgo dicitur [---] paulo uberioris in

universam philosophiam introductionis, Gottingen 1746. Jacob, L. H., GrundrifJ der allgemeinen Logik und kritischen Anfangsgriinde der Meta-

physik, Halle 1791. Kant, I., Critik der reinen Vernunft (4th ed.), Riga 1794. Kant, I., Metaphysische Anfangsgriinde der Naturwissenschaft (3rd ed.), Leipzig 1800. Kant, I., Logik, ein Handbuch zu Vor/esungen herausgegeben von G. B. Jiische, Konigs-

berg 1800. Keckermann, B., Systema Logicae. Editio quarta recognita & emendata, Hannover 1612. Kiesewetter, J. G. K. C., GrundrifJ einer allgemeinen Logik nach Kantischen Grundsatzen.

Erster Theil, welcher die reine allgemeine Logik enthalt (3rd ed.), Berlin 1802. Zweiter Theil, welcher die angewandte allgemeine Logik enthalt (2nd ed.), Berlin 1806.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 389

Klein, G. M., Anschauungs- und Denklehre. Ein Handbuch zu Vorlesungen, Bamberg 1818.

Knutzen, M., Elementa philosophicae rationalis sive logica, Konigsberg and Leipzig 1771.

Krug, W. T., Fundamental Philosophie, Zillichau 1803. Krug, W. T., Denklehre oder Logik, Konigsberg 1806. Krug, W. T., Handbuch der Philosophie und der philosophischen Literatur, Leipzig 1820-

1821. Lambert, J. H., Neues Organon oder Gedanken iiber die Erfassung und Bezeichnung des

Wahren und dessen Unterscheidung vom Irrthum und Schein, Leipzig 1764. Leibniz, G. W., 'Nouveaux essais sur l'entendement hurnain', Oeuvres philosophiques

latines etfran{:oises [---] publiees par Mr. Rud. Eric Raspe, Amsterdam and Leipzig 1765.

Leibniz, G. W., 'DiaIogus de connexione inter res et verba, et veritatis realitate; scriptus anno 1677', ibid ..

Locke, J., An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, London 1690. MaaB, J. G. E., GrundrijJ der Logik; zum Gebrauchfiir Vorlesungen, Halle and Leipzig

1806. Maimon, S., Versuch einer neuern Logik oder Theorie des Denkens, Berlin 1794. Mehmel, G. E. A., Versuch einer vollstiindigen analytischen Denklehre als Vorphilosophie,

Erlangen 1803. Metz, A., Handbuch der Logik zum Gebrauch akademischer Vorlesungen, Wiirzburg

1802. Platner, E., Philosophische Aphorismen nebst einigen Anleitungen zur philosophischen

Geschichte. Ganz neue Ausarbeitung, 1-2, Leipzig 1793, 1800. Reimarus, H. S., Die Vernunftlehre als eine Anweisung zum richtigen Gebrauche der

Vernunft in der ErkenntnijJ der Wahrheit, aus zwoen ganz natiirlichen Regeln der Ein­stimmung und des Wiederspruchs hergeleitet, Hamburg 1756.

Reinhold, C. E. G., Die Logik oder die allgemeine Denkformenlehre, Jena 1827. Reusch, J. P., Systema logicum antiquorum atque recentiorum, item propria praecepta

exhibens, Jena 1760. Rosling, C. L., Die Lehren der reinen Logik durch Beispiele und Verbesserungen leicht

verstiindlich dargestellt, mit Hinweis auf eine Sammlung besonderer kritischer Bemer­kungen iiber mancherlei Lehren der Logiker, U1m 1826.

Savonarola, G., Compendium aureum totius logice, Leipzig 1516. Schultz, J., Priifung der Kantischen Critik der reinen Vernun/t, 1-2, Konigsberg 1789,

1792. Schulze, G. E., Grundsiitze der a/lgemeinen Logik (2nd ed.), Helmstiidt 1810. Sextus Empiricus, Adversus Logicos [Sexti Empirici Opera graece et latine, edidit J. A.

Fabricius], Leipzig 1718. Troxler, I. P. Y., Logik, die Wissenscha/t des Denkens und Kritik aller ErkenntnijJ, 1-3,

Stuttgart and Tiibingen 1829-1830. Ulrich, J. A. H., Institutiones logicae et metaphysicae (2nd ed.), Jena 1792. Wolff, C., Philosophia rationalis sive Logica, methodo scientifica pertractata et ad usum

scientiarum atque vitae aptata. Editio tertia, Frankfurt and Leipzig 1740.

NAME INDEX

Abicht, Johann Heinrich 95 Aristotle 11,25, 51, 61, 179, 195

Baumgarten, Alexander Gottlieb 221 Beck, Jakob Sigmund 182 Beneke, Friedrich Eduard 161, 197,

374 Bouterwek, Friedrich 41, 61

Calker, F. A. van 66 Cantor, Georg 27 Carnap, Rudolf 23 Crusius, Christian August 180, 195,

220

Dedekind, Richard 27

Eberhard, Johann August 196, 197 Euclid 29, 376 Exner, Franz 374

Fechner, Gustav Theodor 381 Fesl, Michael Josef 373 Fichte, Johann Gottlieb 41, 184 Frege, Gottlob 21,29,30 Fries, Jakob Friedrich 66, 196, 243

Gentzen, Gerhard 24 Gerlach, Gottlob Wilhelm 53, 66,

196,221

Hausdorff, Felix 26 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 69,

94,379,380 Heinroth, Johann Christian August

373 Herbart, Johann Friedrich 53 Hillebrand, Joseph 197,221 Hollmann, Samuel Christian 66 Huyghens, Christian 255

Jacob, Ludwig Heinrich 133, 196 Jesus 55

Kant, lmmanuel 11, 14, 16, 18, 19, 28, 66, 115, 123, 140, 161, 163, 181, 182, 192, 195, 196, 197

Kastner, Abraham Gotthelf 29 Keckermann, Bartholomaeus 195 Kie~ewetter, Johann Gottfried Karl

Christian 84, 140, 194, 222, 243 Klein, Georg Michael 194 Klugel, Georg Siegmund 29 Knutzen, Martinus 220 Krug, Wilhelm Traugott 52, 84, 85,

194, 196, 197, 220

Lacroix, Sylvestre Fran90is 255 Lambert, Johann Heinrich 61, 113,

155,194,220 Laplace, Pierre Simon de 255 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 30, 52,

112,113,123,181,194,283 Locke, John 112,113,120,123,179,

184, 195

MaaJ3, Johann Gebhard Ehrenreich 144, 161, 194, 196, 197,221

Maimon, Salomon 84,195 Mehmel, Gottlieb Ernst August 52,

221 Metz, Andreas 53, 85, 220

Newton, Isaac 15,29

Pilate, Pontius 194 Platner, Ernst 161, 197 Plato 83, 179 Pfihonsky, Frantisek 374,382 Pythagoras 83

Reimarus, Hermann Samuel 66, 220 Reinhold, Christian Ernst Gottlieb

161, 196, 197 Reusch, Johann Peter 194,221 Rosling, Christian Leberecht 196, 222 Romang, Johann Peter 379 Russell, Bertrand 29, 30

392

Savonarola, Girolamo 49, 50 Schneider, Franz 374 Schultz, Johann 197 Schulze, Gottlob Ernst 66, 220 Seidel, J. E. 371 Sextus Empiricus 61 Slivka, Antonin 374 Stilpo of Megara 83

NAME INDEX

Tarski, Alfred 21 Troxler, Ignaz Paul Vital 197, 374 Twesten, August Christian 161

Ulrich, Johann August Heinrich 196

Wolff, Christian 29, 194

Zimmermann, Robert 27, 381

SUBJECT INDEX

Abfolge 1-2, 12,24--25, 30 Abstraction, axiom of 6 Abstractum 92-93, 103, 172-173, 183,

194 Absurdity, reduction to 363 Acceptance 11-12 Actuality 85 Analysis, mathematical 15,28,222 Analytic 18-20, 163, 192-197,379-380

- logically 19-20, 28-29, 193 Antecedent 205, 261 A posteriori 16, 181-182, 337 A priori 16,28, 112, 181-182,292, 337 Arithmetic 28-29 Assertion 47 Asymmetry, relation of 127 Attribute 308 Axiomatics 2, 17

Base 178, 187, 189-190, 194 Basis 170, 177 Body 328-329,332 Boundary 26 Breadth 104--105, 138-140, 154--155,

178, 187

Calculus 4, 21, 30 Case, favorable 255

- possible 255 Cause 24, 117,258-259,275-277,279-

281, 284, 315, 328, 330, 360 Certain 245 Certainty 59 Chain, closed 153 Clarity 380 Coextensiveness 6, 8 Cogitatio possibilis 53 Cognition 58, 64, 66--67, 71, 340 Collection 25, 128, 130, 136 Committed 336, 340

Compatibility 141-143, 198, 200, 204--205, 217, 227, 232, 244, 250

Compatible 141-143, 151, 198-205, 207-211,214,217,223-224,221,232-233,235-236,241-242,249

Complementarity 238, 247 - complex 240 - formal 238, 242 - material 238 - multiple 242 - redundant 240

Complementary 241 - exactly 239 - simply 241

Complex 288-292 Comprehension 28 Concatenation 151,225 Conceivability 59 Concept 14--15, 83-85, 95, 101, 112,

116,119,121-123, 172, 181 - logical 294 - mixed 116, 120 - objectless 380 -pure 116-117, 119-120, 122, 145,

178-179 - redundant 162 - simple 122-123,289 - topological 30

Conclusion 205 Concretum 92-93, 103, 172-173, 194 Concurrence 198 Concurring 198 Consequence 256-259, 266-284, 286

292,311,320,380,382 - formal 251 -logical 2(}--21, 23

Constant, logical 6, 8 Contingent 262-264

- extrinsically 263 Contravalid, logically 19 Conditional, counterfactual 15

394 SUBJECT INDEX

Confidence 65, 68, 319, 336-337, 342-343

Confirmation 25, 362 Connection, objective 359 Consciousness 66-67 Consistency 20, 30 Consistent 20-21, 23, 198 Content 14-15, 87, 110, 114, 121, 132,

136-137,144, 158,161-163,168,222, 307, 364

Contingency 176, 262, 265 Continuum 4, 26 Contradict 229 Contradiction 21, 158, 229-234, 236-

237 Contradictory 9, 50, 157-159,229-231,

233-236 Contrariety 229, 243 Contrary 157-159, 229-230, 234-237 Contravalid 17, 22 Copula 170, 176, 366 Cut rule 24

Decidable 30 Deducibility 21 Deducible 23 Definition 19, 382 Demonstration 25, 362 Denotation 102,183-184,186-187,189,

192, 229-230, 236-238, 241, 261 Denotative 82 Denumerable 4 Dependence 288 Dependent 285 Derivability 12, 20,21-23,205-206,210,

213,215-217,228,256-257,260,268, 270,272,275-276,278-280,282,293, 295-296, 320, 380 - adequate 213 - exact 213-214,291, 297 - logical 21 - simple 215

Derivable 12, 20, 22, 24, 205-218, 228, 234-236,250,268-269,275-276,278, 280, 291, 293, 296, 298, 317-320, 366-367 - exactly 215 - logically 21 - unilaterally 223-224, 249, 251

Didactic 2, 25 Didactics 40 Difference 135 Discovery, art of 42-43, 379 Disjoined 241 Disjunction 238

- formal 239 - material 238

Disparation 151 Distinctness 380 Domain 21-22, 104-105, 147, 149-150,

154-158, 177-178 Doubt 11, 61, 65, 67-70, 341 Doubtful 246

Effect 258-259, 276-277, 279-281 Elements, theory of 43, 75 Equivalence 144,146-147,158-159,161,

216-217,219,222,232-233,276,367 Equivalent 134, 194,216-222,232-234,

276 - logically 5

Error 60, 339-347, 350 Excluded 227-228 Exclusion 156, 227-228, 239

- reciprocal 228 Exclusive, mutually 151, 156-158 Existence 49,56,58-60,64,78,85, 108,

111, 113, 167, 172, 183,259,263,276, 281, 307, 375, 377, 380, 382

Existence assumption 10 Experience 181,313 Expression 309 Extension 5,8,10,14,22,104-107,110,

114, 121-122, 137-138, 144, 156-158, 161-163,177-178,187,192,195,364-365

Fancy 336 Function, confirmation 23

- measure 22 Form, canonical 8-10

- primitive 6-7, 14-15

Geometry 30, 36, 376 Ground 256-259, 266-292, 315, 317-

318, 320, 360, 380, 382 - objective 288, 292, 359-360, 362,

364

SUBJECT INDEX 395

Group 130

Heuristic 42 Hypothesis 23

Idea 16-17, 22, 25, 65, 77, 81, 83, 86-92, 94-108, 110-120, 122-125, 129-130,132-147,149-151,153-159,161-163,167-170,172-173,176-178,183-192,194,197,199,203,220,222,305-309,311,313-314,321,324,326,335, 364-366, 375-381 - abstract 7-9, 93 - attributive 92 - complex 6, 14-15,94 - compound 90-91, 110, 116, 122,

136, 310, 364 - concrete 7-8, 92-93 - denotative 102-103, 109, 113-114,

153, 159-160, 176-177, 184, 202, 225,230,237,240,242-243,308

- empty 6, 29, 103, 110 - general 6, 109, 185-186 - imaginary 102-103,110-113 - impossible 110 - in itself 5, 7, 52, 77-85, 87, 91-92,

100-101, 106, 111, 114, 133-134, 305-306, 376, 379

- mixed 14, 116, 118-120,263 - nonempty 6, 29, 103 - non-logical 18, 21,23 - objective 77-80, 82-83, 91, 100,

lIS, 117, 133, 137, 305-306, 311-312, 377-378

- objectless 103, 106-107, 159-160, 178, 184, 190, 381

-predicate 170-171, 176, 196, 202, 310,366

- second-order 7 - self-contradictory 11 0-111 - simple 6,25, 93-94, 101-102, 114-

115, 122-123, 136, 145, 173, 264, 28S, 310

- single 122 - singular 6-7, 14-15, 29, 109, 114-

116, 118, 121, 180, 186-187, 299 - subject 50,170-171,173,175,183,

196, 203, 310, 366, 381 - subjective 77-80,83,100,111,114-

115, 117, 133-134, 305-307, 311-312, 377-378

- symbolic 7-8, 132-133, 183 - variable 188-192, 198, 203, 237,

244,260 Ideas, equivalent 98, 100,144-146,149,

151, 160, 195,291 - similar 133, 137

Ideation 305 Identity 133-135, 195-196, 367 Ignorance 340, 343 Implication 12

- causal 24 - deontic 24

Impossibility 111,263,265 - extrinsic 263

Impossible 262-264 - intrinsically 263

Improbable 258 Inclusion 143-144, 149, 151 Incompatibility 141-142, 156, 198,202,

204,217,227,245,254 - omnilateral 156

Incompatible 141-142, 198-203, 209, 214, 226-227, 235-236

Inconsistency 198 Inconsistent 198 Independence 225 Independent 226, 285 Individuation, principle of 6-7 Inference 12, 43, 269, 295-299, 315,

318-320, 322-323 - exact 297-298 - logical 296

Infinite 99, 104, 132,154-158,189,203, 246-247,250,271,284,289-290,379 - potentially 11 - superdenumerably 4

Infinity, actual 13 - potential 13

Insight 66-67 Interpretation 21-22, 309 Intersection 151, 153,225-226

- omnilateral 153 Intuition 14-15, 83, 115-118, 120-123,

178-181,263,289, 314, 321, 327-330 - abstract 15 - actual 15 - mixed 116

396 SUBJECT INDEX

- pure 116, 118, 121, 145 Invalid, totally 191

- universally 191 Isomorphic 27,29 Isomorphism 4, 26-27

Judgment 3, 11-12, 16, 48-49, 52-55, 59--60, 64-68, 71, 81, 167, 177, 182, 196,220-221,311-324,326,335-344, 347, 375 - actual 65 - a posteriori 16 - a priori 16 - conceptual 178,180,321,343 - correct 66-67 - empirical 313, 321, 323, 343 - immediate 13, 315, 322, 341 - mediate 341 - mediated 315-317, 321-322 - mediative 315 - perceptual 180, 321 - unrnediated 315-317,320-321,323

RJnd 1, 26, 129-132 Know 11, 66, 68-71, 349-350 Knowability 59-60 Knowledge 14,36,60,66-67,181,339-

341, 346-351, 382 - logical 193, 296 - theory of 42, 359

Language 309 - colloquial 8, 10 - ideal 9 - natural 21 - ordinary 8-9 - philosophical 8, 10

Law, empirical 12 - of excluded middle 10

Logic 1-2, 42, 53, 75, 371, 373 - predicate 21, 24

Material 11, 13, 78-79, 306-307, 311, 340

Mathematics 28, 30 Meaning 222, 308, 345 Measure 154 Mediated 315 Mediation 12-13, 315-316

Memory 337, 343 Multitude 29

Name, proper 118 Necessary 262-263

- relatively 263-264 Necessity 15, 111, 176, 181-182, 262,

265, 380 - extrinsic 263 - intrinsic 263

Negation 176 Neighborhood 26 Nominalism 3, 83 Non-denumerable 132 Number 130, 132

- absolute 28-29 - abstract 28-29 - concrete 28 - natural 26, 28-29, 381 - rational 26 - relative 28

Object 79, 95-100, 102-106, 108-114, 116-117,119,122,125,129-130,132, 138-141,145-146,149,153-154,156-158,163,169-171,173,175-178,183-185, 187, 189, 197, 199,203, 306, 364, 381

Obligation 271 Observation 65-66

Part 1, 3, 25, 27, 50, 81-83, 86, 88-91, 93-94, 99, 104, 110, 116, 128-131, 135-137, 145, 167-168, 170-171, 175,

186,220,290,311-312,364, 375, 379 - assertive 170-171 - simple 288 - variable 160

Perceive 67,78 Perception 11, 13,65-67, 180 Persuasion 363

- self- 338 Plausibility 343 Plurality 26, 130-132, 186-187 Possibility 11-113,262,265, 380

- equal 255 - relative 264

Possible 262-265 - apparently 264

SUBJECT INDEX 397

Predicate 196 Prejudice 337 Premise 205

- major 296 - minor 296

Probability 12,23, 176, 180, 190,244-255,257-258,317,320,342-343 - definite 248 - extrinsic 258 - indefinite 248 - intrinsic 258

Probable 258,319,342-343 Problematic 264 Proof 25

- apagogic 363-364 - immediate 363 - indirect 363 -normal 24

Proof-tree 24-25 Property 7-8, 28-29, 92-93, 98-103,

125-126,170-172,174-177,187,203, 308 - absolute 124 - extrinsic 124, 126-127 - intrinsic 124, 127, 192, 194 - relative 124 - universal 15

Propositio 49, 53 Proposition 1,3-7,9-11, 16-19, 21,23-

25, 30, 43, 47-56, 58, 60-65, 68, 70, 77-78, 80-81, 83, 86, 89, 167-199, 202-203,220-222,237,260,272,311-313, 335, 366-367, 374-381 - auxiliary 238 - causal 259 - complementary 238-239, 242 - conceptual 13, 15-16, 24-25, 112,

178,180-181,289-290 - denotative 187, 190-191 - disjunctive 174 -empirical 13,178,180-182 -empty 10 - general 187 - hypothetical 174 - identical 193-196,220 - intuitive 178 - nonempty 10 - objectless 178, 187 - perceptual 178

- singular 187 - tautological 193 - trifling 195

Propositions, subcontrary 243

Quality 124, 127 Quantification, existential 3 Quantity 131

Reductio ad absurdum 363 Reduction 8-10, 15 Redundancy 160,163 Redundant 213 Redundant 213 Reflexive 27 Relation 124, 126-127

- formal ground-consequence 257 - material ground-consequence 257

Relationship, spatial 324, 330-331, 333-334 - temporal 323-325

Replacement 17,20

Satisfaction 30 Science 2, 35-36

- theory of 1-2, 38-43, 371,!373 Semantics, logical 2, 17, 19,21 Sensation 321,323-326, 328, 330 Sense 220-221, 308-309 Sentence 4-5, 7,9-10, 19,21, 171, 176

- atomic 9 Series 26

- continuous 26 Set 26, 128, 130

- closed 26 - connected 26 - densely ordered 26 - finite 27, 382 - infinite 27, 139-140, 381

Shape, linguistic 4, 7 Sign 133-134, 308, 345

- accidental 309 - arbitrary 309 - audible 309-310 - auditory 309 - natural 309 - visual 310

Significance 308-309 Simplicity 101

398 SUBJECT INDEX

Simultaneity 324 Simultaneous 326, 331 Soul 328-329 Space, topological 26 Sphere 104-105, 177 Statement, verbal 47 Subcontrary 243 Subjunctive 261 Subordinate 148, 151,223-224,226 Subordination 149-150, 160, 223, 225 Sum 26,52,91,110,129,132,136,138,

140, 147 Syllogism 52 Syllogistic to Symbol 345 Symmetry, relation of 127 Syntax, logical 7, 30 Synthetic 18, 163, 192-193, 195, 197,

349, 379-381 - logically 19

Testimony 338 Theory 1

- of fundamental truths 43 - quantification 3, 9, 30

Think 78 Thinking 64, 66 Thought 3, 11,47,49,52,78,80,82-85,

91, 111, 335, 377, 380 Time 175,324-327 Totality 130--131 Trace 313-314 Treatise 2, 25

- scholarly 36, 39, 75, 359, 363 - scientific 2

True, formally 191 - generally 191

- generically 208, 213, 230, 233, 235, 237,239

Truth 4-5, 10, 54-55, 59-60, 86, 169, 176,188-189,197,199,267,272,339-340, 347, 381 - basic 24-25,284,287,290, 380 - conceptual 12, 112, 178-179, 264,

288-290, 292, 360 - empirical 179 - in itself 43,51,56-61,83,113,306,

378 -logical 30 - objective 56, 62 - subsidiary 24, 284-285, 287-288,

290 Type, logical 26

Unit 129, 131-132 Unity 129, 154 Universality 130, 181-182

Vacillation 336 Valid 17,22, 191

- completely 191 - universally 191

Validity 20, 191-192,244 - degree of 22-23, 191 - in a domain 18 -logical 18 - relative 244-245

Variant 22-23 Variation 16-18,23-24

- range of 16-17

Whole 27, 50, 130-131, 379 Word 47, 80, 197

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