BIPV-Building Integrated PV: Challenges for Standards ... · PV modules are considerd to be building-integrated, if the PV modules form a building component providing a function as

10.04.2013 Die Rolle der Photovoltaik im Gebäude von Morgen, Paris 20131

TÜV Rheinland Energie und Umwelt GmbH

Am Grauen Stein, 51105 Cologne

Dipl.-Ing. F. Reil

Tel. +49 221 806-2794, Fax +49 221 806-1350

E-Mail: [email protected]

Internet: www.tuv.com/pv

BIPV-Building Integrated PV:Challenges for Standards, Qualification and Certification

Contents

� TÜV Rheinland – Business Field Solarpower

� Certification Of PV Modules

� BIPV From Different European Perspectives

� Common Technical Challenges For BIPV

� Outlook: Relevant Needs For A European BIPV Market


Global market leader in testing & certification of photovoltaic modules

� TÜV Rheinland operates 7 accredited PV laboratories (Cologne/Germany, Bangalore/ India, Daya/Taiwan, Yokohama/Japan, Shanghai/P.R. China, Gyeongsan/South Korea and Tempe/Arizona, USA)

� More than 30 years experience in the field of photovoltaic at the head quarter in Cologne.

� Global market leader in testing & certification of solar panels

� Team of 70 engineers and technicians in Cologne, worldwide 300 PV experts

� Active participation in the important standardization committees

� Research and development in the area of module qualification (characterization and life time assessment)


1985Development of the solar laboratory in Cologne

1994First start-up of the new solar simulator in Cologne

1979 Joint project between the Indonesian and German government to build and test different solar systems

1996First type-approval certification of a crystalline PV module

2004First PV conference in Cologne

2010Opening of the sixth PV laboratory in India2008

Joint venture between Arizona State University and TÜV Rheinland

2007Grand opening of the PV laboratory in Japan

2007Opening of the PV laboratory in China

2009First start-up of the worlds most modern solar simulator2009

Opening of the PV laboratory in Taiwan

1991Partner in the 1000 PV-roofs program

2011300 PV experts worldwide,70 in Cologne

History of TÜV Rheinlands Business Field Solar Energy


Services for Photovoltaic Modules and Systems

- Type approval testing and certification

- Testing of prototypes and components as part of

product development

- Performance characterisation of (C)PV modules

- Long term weathering

- Benchmarking tests

- Solar simulator classification

- Qualification of mounting systems

- Further examinations

- Component testing

- PV plant services

- Solar thermal services


Services for Photovoltaic Modules and SystemsType approval testing and certification of (C)PV modules

IEC 61215:2005 (EN 61215:2005)Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules -Design qualification and type approval

IEC 61646:2008 (EN 61646:2008)Thin-film terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules -Design qualification and type approval

IEC 61730:2004 (EN 61730:2007) Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification

- Part 1: Requirements for construction- Part 2: Requirements for testing

IEC 62108:2007 (EN 62108:2008)Concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules and assemblies -Design qualification and type approval

ANSI/UL 1703:2003Flat Plate Photovoltaic Modules and Panels


Factory Inspection

Laboratory tests on test samples of a type family

Regular Factory Inspections

Certificate

ISO 17025 accreditedlaboratory

Performed by PV experts

Issued by the certification body

Biannual to quarterly performance to maintain type approval

Product certification at TÜV Rheinland


Test plants and equipment for PV module qualification


Certification of PV-Modules and Components

The long test experience from IEC tests

shows, that the overall product failure rate

is around 30 %.

Out of these 30 % about 50 % of the

failures happen in only three tests

(Thermal cycling test, Damp heat test

and Hot-spot endurance test).

When new materials, new

technologies or processes are used

pre-tests are recommended.

Test failures in 30 % of the projects

Placing modules in an environmental chamber


State of the ArtTechnology with Potential for Further Development

22.10.2012 26. Fachgespräch Umweltschutz und Energie 201210


BIPV From Different European Perspectives Current Situation

� Different feed-in tariffs. Different definitions of BIPV.

� Building standards vary (glass, construction, reaction to fire,…)

� Demands from the authorities differ widely.

� Local/national market bars exist.

� Building construction differs (therefore no unified BIPV products available).

� Individual BIPV pre-standards already exist (NL, UK, FRA, GER).

� European directives (LVD, CPD�CPR) indicate the common technical directions: requirements are compehensive and complex.


BIPV From Different European Perspectives Current Situation

� BIPV (as a niche products) is not separetely adressed in any installation or electrical product standards, guidelines or laws which could serve as an European harmonized groundwork for a broader use.

� European standardization work in process (EN 50583).

� Standard will be a gathering of minimum requirements that can be harmonized.

� Still, national requirements will overrule and maintain additional requirements for BIPV (common process for construction or building sector)


BIPV (building-integrated photovoltaic)PV modules are considerd to be building-integrated, if the PV modules form a building component providing a function as defined in the European CPD 89/106/EEC.

The building‘s functions in the context of BIPV are one or more of the following:

� mechnical rigidity and structural integrity

� primary weather impact protection: rain, snow, wind, hail

� energy economy, such as shading, daylighting, thermal insulation

� fire protection

� noise protection

The BIPV module is a prerequisite for the integrity of the building‘s functionality. If the integrated PV module is dismounted (dismounting includes the adjacent building component), the PV module would have to be replaced by an appropriate building component.

Antenna function, power generation, electromagnetic shielding etc. are no BIPV-specific functions.

BIPV From Different European Perspectives Philosophy of EN-Standard (draft) prEN 50583


BIPV From Different European Perspectives Philosophy of EN-Standard (draft) prEN 50583


BIPV From Different European Perspectives Challenges for a Standard Definition

- Solar & Building Industry associations- Building authorities- Different national standard approaches- ….


� Challenges:

� Integration in existing shingles and tiles

� Gurantee that run-off water, rain etc. will not penetrate through the roof

� Heat- and humidity transmission

� Fire safety

� Static evaluation, size and weight of the products

� Installation to subconstruction

� Corrosion protection

� Noise and heat protection

� Reliability and longivity.

Common Technical Challenges for BIPVRoof Integration and Facade Installation

http://www.3s-pv.ch

Bildquelle: Photovoltaik

Würth GeneCIS, Foto: Würth Solar


- Mounting of the system: clamp distances, load resistance, remaining lift capacity.

- Introduction of laminated safety glass.

- Temperature behaviours with PV are different: overhead and facade installation need to be regarded with these crucial differences to regular (insulation) glass when tested.

- Fire and heat protection.

Common Technical Challenges for BIPV Overhead Glazing

Ertex Solar


- Module set-up needs to fulfill the same requirements as regular laminated safety glasses.

Common Technical Challenges for BIPVOverhead Glazing

Recent publication from Fraunhofer IWES, S. Misara et al, Project Multielement, EUPVSEC 2012, Frankfurt


- Avoidance of falling parts (TRLV in Germany allows also other measures (not only neccessarly through laminated safety glass) like bearing grids with a mesh width of ≤ 40mm.)

Common Technical Challenges for BIPVOverhead Glazing

Das SolarParkHaus Bad Lippspringe, W. Ernst, Centrosolar, OTTI 2012


Close to Chur (1989) r: 104kW

� Quelle: TNC

Common Technical Challenges for BIPVNoise protective properties

� Introduction of bifacial products offers additional architectural construction.

� Double function of noise protection wall as energy source

� Mechanical safety and fitness for use (high requirements from wind loads at bridges and tunnels)

� Resistivity against ageing and corrosion

� Stone impact resistance

� Fire safety (ignitability A oder B1 with EN 13501-1)

� De-icing salts


� Basic requirement out of the „EN 50583“ for modules with glass:

- EN 14449 – Glass in Building-Laminated Glass und Laminated Safety Glass und

- ISO 12543 – Glass in Building-Laminated Glass und Laminated Safety Glass und

- EN 12600, Glass in building –Pendulum test – Impact test method and classification for flat glass

� Advantages for overhead-glazing!

Common Technical Challenges for BIPVLaminated Safety Glass

Bildquelle: FKG-Symposium – Dr. Schneider TU Dresden


Common Technical Challenges for BIPVWind-driven rain effects

Bildquelle: www.dach.de� Wind-driven rain effects mean accelrated rain drops which penetrate construction products at joints, overlaps etc. through the ingress of water.

� Roofing elements can undergo the testing requirements of prEN 15601 (technical report)

Common Technical Challenges for BIPVBrandprüfungen


Test set-up to ENV 1187-1

Test set-up to

IEC 61730-2 / UL 790

� In IEC 61730-2 points at a US-test for roofing materials (ANSI/UL 790).

� For buildings in general: no fire burn through under a certain time and impact when an external fire exists or burning brands are released.

� The European standard ENV 1187:2005 (for roof applications) lists four standards. There is no harmonized standard, yet. Not all methods are accepted in all countries.


� The test sequences differentiate: source of ignition, inclination and general application (test duration, radiant sources, wind velocities)

Source of ignition ENV 1187-tests

Application of ENV 1187 – test 3, Quelle: M. Halfmann, Currenta

Common Technical Challenges for BIPVTest methods differentiate (for ENV 1187, UL 790)

� Determination of noise protection barrier and absorption

� Static impacts through wind loads

� Snow load influences from impacts under inclination

� Determination of U- and G-values

� Reflexionparameters (light immission)

� Etc.

Common Technical Challenges for BIPVFurther requirements

Quelle Foto: Güstrow, LUNG-Mecklenburg Vorpommern

TÜV Rheinland



Outlook: Relevant Needs For A European BIPV MarketStimulation of BIPV Markets

- European standardization work for BIPV needs to define the minimum, relevant and basic criteria which a product has to fufill. National adaptions and additions to harmonized requirements will always stay.

- Common IEC-certification covers BIPV-products, but also the building specific and mutual reaction from materials in the interplay with building components need to be regarded. An adapted certification could consequently cover these needs.

- A certification needs to point out that the minimum requirements (based on European CPR and CPD with LVD) are fulfilled. Relevant: Addition of building-specific aspects to complement electro-technical requirements.

- Certification can declare that BIPV products cover these requirements: transparency to end-consumer.

- If an appropriate and accepted certification-scheme for BIPV can help to solve the diffuse situation of various standards, requirements and technical positions, consequently a BIPV market will be stimulated.


Thanks for your attention

Documents

BIPV-Building Integrated PV: Challenges for Standards ... · PV modules are considerd to be building-integrated, if the PV modules form a building component providing a function as