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Breitbandanbindung im ländlichen Raum mittels Mobilfunk
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Breitbandstrategie der Bundesregierung (2/2009)
• Bis Ende 2010 sollen die Lücken in der Breitbandversorgung geschlossen und flächendeckend leistungsfähige Breitbandanschlüsse verfügbar sein.
• Bis 2014 sollen bereits für 75 Prozent der Haushalte Anschlüsse mit Übertragungsraten von mindestens 50 Megabit pro Sekunde zur Verfügung stehen mit dem Ziel, solche hochleistungsfähigen Breitbandanschlüsse möglichst bald flächendeckend verfügbar zu haben.
Zitat: Breitband-Strategie der Bundesregierung 2-2009, S. 4
2Technologie – Ökonomie – Politik
Seite
Quelle: Breitband-Atlas 07-2009. PLAN Online im Auftrag des BMWi, http://www.zukunft-breitband.de
3Technologie – Ökonomie – Politik
Seite
Technologien
Kabel
PLC
DSL
Satellit
Stationärer Funk
802.11x (WLAN)
UMTS
HSPA
Glasfaser
FTTx/VDSL
802.16x (WiMAX)
LTE
4Technologien
Seite
Technologien und Bandbreiten
2G
1990 GSM 9,6 kbit/s
2G 1999 GPRS 115 kbit/s2G
2005 GSM/EDGE 220 kbit/s
3G
2002 UMTS 384 kbit/s
3G2006 UMTS/HSPA 7,2 Mbit/s
3G2009 UMTS/HSPA+28 28 Mbit/s
3G
2010 UMTS/HSPA+42 42 Mbit/s
4G 2011 3GPP (LTE) 75 - 300 Mbit/s
5Technologien
Frequenzbereiche für die Kommunikation
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Wellenspektrum
Quelle: Jochen Schiller: VL Mobilkommunikation, FU Berlin, 2008
6Technologien
Multiplexen
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Gleichzeitige Nutzung von Bändern: Multiplex
• Frequenz (f)
• Zeit (t)
• Code (c)
• Raum (ri)Multiplexen
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7Technologien
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8Technologien
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10Technologien
Codemultiplex
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Codemultiplex
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• Bsp: WCDMA – UMTS
11
Seite
Erhöhung der Bandbreiten
1. Effizientere Nutzung der Frequenzen (q.e.d.)
2. Höhere Frequenzbänder ermöglichen höhere Übertragungsraten
3. Dynamische Zellgröße (ri): Wo viel Datenverkehr benötigt wird, kleinere Zellen, sonst größere
4. Signalvarianten: Kombination von Amplituden-, Frequenz- und Phasenmodulation
5. Mehrere Antennen auf beiden Seiten (MIMO)
6. Kombination von mehreren Bändern, variable Bändernutzung
12Technologien
Seite
Beispiel HSPATechnik Modulation Bits pro Chip MIMO Kanal-
bündelungMaximale Bitrate
HSPA 16 QAM 4 - - 14,4 MBit/s
HSPA+21 64 QAM 6 - - 21 MBit/s
HSPA+28 16 QAM 4 2x2 - 28 MBit/s
HSPA+42 64 QAM 6 - 2 42 MBit/s
HSPA+84 64 QAM 6 2x2 2 84 MBit/s
13Technologien
Seite
Konkurrierende Funktechnologien
WiMAX (802.16) LTE (3GPP)HSPA (3G)
14Technologien
[...]
Seite
Grenzen von breitbandiger Mobilfunktechnik
• Ausbreitungsgrenzen von Wellen
• „Rauschen“ bei hoher Netzlast (Signalstärke, Durchsatz)
• Je höher die Frequenz, umso höher die Datenrate, aber umso niedriger die Reichweite
• Je niedriger die Frequenz, umso höher die Reichweite
15Technologien
Ökonomie
Seite
Preisentwicklung Telekommunikation (2005=100)
Aktuelle Grundsatzfragen der Regulierung im Mobilfunksektor 11
Preisentwicklung Telekommunikation (2005 = 100)
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
InsgesamtFest& InternetMobil
17Ökonomie
Seite
6FSMUC1-NMG00101-20081021 Handsets discussion NGMN v2.ppt© Oliver Wyman ! www.oliverwyman.com
De-coupling of revenues from traffic and traffic-related costsThe traditional linkage between revenues and costs via the traffic does not apply any more with mobile broadband
Voicedominant
Datadominant
Revenue – traffic – cost challenge
Time
Revenues
Traffic-relatedcosts
Traffic
De-coupling/ gap
A winning mobile broadband strategyneeds to comprehensively address andpursue opportunities to
! Up-manage revenues and/or stabilize potential revenue losses
! Down-manage and/or limit costs
– via down-managing and/or limitingtraffic growth
– via down-managing relative traffic-related costs
Operators are required to manage the increasing gap between revenues and costs
3
Quelle: Oliver Wyman analysis 2009 18Ökonomie
Aktuelle Grundsatzfragen der Regulierung im Mobilfunksektor 19
Seite 19Ökonomie
Seite
Infrastruktur-Sharing
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Quelle: Frisanco, Tafertshofer, Ang: Infrastructure Sharing and Shared Operations for Mobile Network Operators, NSN, 2008
20Ökonomie
Seite
Geografisches Modell
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21Ökonomie
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Authorized licensed use limited to: University Augsburg. Downloaded on June 6, 2009 at 12:13 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
24Ökonomie
Quelle: ebenda
Politik
Der Frequenzbereich 790-862 MHz ist im Benehmen mit den Ländern so bald wie möglich für die mobile breitbandige Internetversorgung zu nutzen. Er dient vorrangig
zur Schließung von Versorgungslücken in ländlichen Bereichen.Bundesnetzagentur 2009
Seite 26Politik
Seite
Quelle: MCTA 2010, E-Plus
27Politik
