6
This work has been digitalized and published in 2013 by Verlag Zeitschrift für Naturforschung in cooperation with the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Dieses Werk wurde im Jahr 2013 vom Verlag Zeitschrift für Naturforschung in Zusammenarbeit mit der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. digitalisiert und unter folgender Lizenz veröffentlicht: Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 Lizenz. Catalytic Oxygenation of 3-Methylindole by Co(II)-Schiff Base Planar Complexes Kenji Nomiya, Nahoko Wako, Tomoko Komiyama, and Makoto Miwa Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Seikei University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180, Japan Z. Naturforsch. 84b, 442-447 (1979); received November 13, 1978 Catalytic Oxygenation, 3-Methylindole, N,N'-Ethylenebis(acetylacetoniminato)Co(II), Manometric Observation, X H N M R N,N'-Ethylenebis(acetylacetoniminato)Co(II),Co(acacen),andN,N'-ethylenebis(benzoyl acetoniminato)Co(II), Co(bzacen), catalyze the oxygen incorporation into 3-methylindole to give o-formylaminoacetophenone selectively. The adducts formation process of three components, that is, substrate, planar cobalt complex and molecular oxygen, and the following catalytic oxygen incorporation process were confirmed by manometric measure- ments of oxygen uptake, gas-chromatographic analyses of products and electronic spectra of intermediate oxygen adducts. The mechanism was further justified by the study of iH NMR spectra on overall reactions. 1. Introduction The interest in the oxygen adducts of metal complexes has been evoked by the effort to find suitable model substances to study oxygen transfer in biological systems. Schiff base complexes of cobalt(II) carrying molecular oxygen have been the object of extensive investigations [1-3]. However, little has been known about the type of catalytic oxygenation by metal complexes in which both atoms of molecular oxygen are incorporated into the substrate molecules giving a single product, except the recent work on Co(II) complex of N,N'-ethylene- bis(salicylidenimine), Co(salen) [4], The cobalt com- plex catalyzes the oxygenation of 3-substituted indoles analogous to tryptophan giving rise to oxidative cleavage of the heterocyclic ring of the indoles selectively to give the corresponding o- formylaminoacetophenone derivatives. We recently found that Co(acacen) and Co(bzacen) complexes also catalyze the oxygen incorporation into 3-methylindole to give o-formylaminoaceto- phenone in solution at ambient temperature. In this paper, the mechanism of the 02-uptake reaction will be discussed. 2. Experimental Materials All solvents were dried and then distilled before use. 3-Methylindole was recrystallized several times Requests for reprints should be sent to Prof. M. Miwa, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Seikei University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180, Japan. 0340-5087/79/0300-0442/$ 01.00/0 from a mixture of water and ethanol and stored under nitrogen. o-Aminoacetophenone was obtained from commercial source (Tokyo Kasei Co.) and used without further purification. o-Formylaminoaceto- phenone was prepared by the oxygen incorporation of 3-methylindole using Co(salen) complex according to the described method [4]. Preparation of complexes All preparation and manipulation of the cobalt complexes were carried out under nitrogen atmo- sphere. The Schiff bases, N,N'-ethylenebis(acetyl- acetonimine) and N,N'-ethylenebis(benzoylaceton- imine) were prepared by the method of Martell and his coworkers [5]. The cobalt complexes were prepared by modifications of the method of Everett a n d H o l m [6]. Samples were stored in glass tubes, which were sealed off in vacuo. The cobalt contents in the complexes were determined b y t h e spectro- photometry method, using nitroso-R salt; Calcd. 21.0, Found. 20.7% for Co(acacen) and Calcd. 14.5, Found. 14.8% for Co(bzacen). R = CH3; Co(acacen) 1 R = C 6 H 5 ; Co(bzacen) 2 Analyses of reaction products Solvents employed in this work are methanol for Co(acacen) and DMF for Co(bzacen). I n a typical experiment, 0.4 mmole of cobalt complex and 2.0 mmole of 3-methylindole are dissolved in 60 ml solvent methanol thoroughly degassed and the solution is placed in 2 5 m l flask connected to a manometer attached to a vacuum line. The system is degassed and evacuated to an initial pressure corresponding to the solvent vapor pressure at room temperature. A gas of oxygen is then added to the system until pressure between 650 mm and 760 mm is obtained, and the solution is well stirred. After an appropriate time, the solution mixture is evaporated

Catalytic Oxygenation of 3-Methylindole by Co(II)-Schiff ...zfn.mpdl.mpg.de/data/Reihe_B/34/ZNB-1979-34b-0442.pdf · photometry method, using nitroso-R salt; Calcd. 21.0, Found. 20.7%

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Page 1: Catalytic Oxygenation of 3-Methylindole by Co(II)-Schiff ...zfn.mpdl.mpg.de/data/Reihe_B/34/ZNB-1979-34b-0442.pdf · photometry method, using nitroso-R salt; Calcd. 21.0, Found. 20.7%

This work has been digitalized and published in 2013 by Verlag Zeitschrift für Naturforschung in cooperation with the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science under a Creative Commons Attribution4.0 International License.

Dieses Werk wurde im Jahr 2013 vom Verlag Zeitschrift für Naturforschungin Zusammenarbeit mit der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung derWissenschaften e.V. digitalisiert und unter folgender Lizenz veröffentlicht:Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 Lizenz.

Catalytic Oxygenation of 3-Methylindole by Co(II)-Schiff Base Planar Complexes

K e n j i N o m i y a , N a h o k o W a k o , T o m o k o K o m i y a m a , a n d M a k o t o M i w a

Department o f Industrial Chemistry, Facul ty o f Engineering, Seikei University, Musashino-shi, T o k y o 180, Japan

Z. Naturforsch. 84b, 442-447 (1979); received N o v e m b e r 13, 1978

Catalytic Oxygenation, 3-Methylindole, N,N' -Ethylenebis (acety lacetoniminato )Co(II ) , Manometric Observation, X H N M R

N,N' -Ethylenebis (acetylacetoniminato)Co(II ) ,Co(acacen) ,andN,N' -ethylenebis (benzoyl acetoniminato)Co(II ) , Co(bzacen) , catalyze the o x y g e n incorporation into 3-methyl indole to give o - formylaminoacetophenone selectively. Th e adducts format ion process o f three components , that is, substrate, planar cobalt c o m p l e x and molecular oxygen, and the fol lowing catalytic oxygen incorporation process were conf irmed b y manometr ic measure-ments o f oxygen uptake, gas-chromatographic analyses o f products and electronic spectra of intermediate oxygen adducts. The mechanism was further justified b y the study of i H N M R spectra on overall reactions.

1. Introduction

T h e i n t e r e s t i n t h e o x y g e n a d d u c t s o f m e t a l

c o m p l e x e s h a s b e e n e v o k e d b y t h e e f f o r t t o find

s u i t a b l e m o d e l s u b s t a n c e s t o s t u d y o x y g e n t r a n s f e r

i n b i o l o g i c a l s y s t e m s . S c h i f f b a s e c o m p l e x e s o f

c o b a l t ( I I ) c a r r y i n g m o l e c u l a r o x y g e n h a v e b e e n t h e

o b j e c t o f e x t e n s i v e i n v e s t i g a t i o n s [ 1 - 3 ] . H o w e v e r ,

l i t t l e h a s b e e n k n o w n a b o u t t h e t y p e o f c a t a l y t i c

o x y g e n a t i o n b y m e t a l c o m p l e x e s i n w h i c h b o t h

a t o m s o f m o l e c u l a r o x y g e n a r e i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o t h e

s u b s t r a t e m o l e c u l e s g i v i n g a s ing le p r o d u c t , e x c e p t

t h e r e c e n t w o r k o n C o ( I I ) c o m p l e x o f N , N ' - e t h y l e n e -

b i s ( s a l i c y l i d e n i m i n e ) , C o ( s a l e n ) [4], T h e c o b a l t c o m -

p l e x c a t a l y z e s t h e o x y g e n a t i o n o f 3 - s u b s t i t u t e d

i n d o l e s a n a l o g o u s t o t r y p t o p h a n g i v i n g r ise t o

o x i d a t i v e c l e a v a g e o f t h e h e t e r o c y c l i c r i n g o f t h e

i n d o l e s s e l e c t i v e l y t o g i v e t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g o-

f o r m y l a m i n o a c e t o p h e n o n e d e r i v a t i v e s .

W e r e c e n t l y f o u n d t h a t C o ( a c a c e n ) a n d C o ( b z a c e n )

c o m p l e x e s a l s o c a t a l y z e t h e o x y g e n i n c o r p o r a t i o n

i n t o 3 - m e t h y l i n d o l e t o g i v e o - f o r m y l a m i n o a c e t o -

p h e n o n e i n s o l u t i o n a t a m b i e n t t e m p e r a t u r e . I n t h i s

p a p e r , t h e m e c h a n i s m o f t h e 0 2 - u p t a k e r e a c t i o n

w i l l b e d i s c u s s e d .

2. E x p e r i m e n t a l

Materials

A l l s o l v e n t s w e r e d r i e d a n d t h e n d i s t i l l e d b e f o r e u s e . 3 - M e t h y l i n d o l e w a s r e c r y s t a l l i z e d s e v e r a l t i m e s

Requests for reprints should be sent to Prof . M. Miwa, Department o f Industrial Chemistry, Facu l ty o f Engineering, Seikei University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180, Japan. 0340-5087/79/0300-0442/$ 01.00/0

f r o m a m i x t u r e o f w a t e r a n d e t h a n o l a n d s t o r e d u n d e r n i t r o g e n . o - A m i n o a c e t o p h e n o n e w a s o b t a i n e d f r o m c o m m e r c i a l s o u r c e ( T o k y o K a s e i Co . ) a n d u s e d w i t h o u t f u r t h e r p u r i f i c a t i o n . o - F o r m y l a m i n o a c e t o -p h e n o n e w a s p r e p a r e d b y t h e o x y g e n i n c o r p o r a t i o n o f 3 - m e t h y l i n d o l e u s i n g C o ( s a l e n ) c o m p l e x a c c o r d i n g t o t h e d e s c r i b e d m e t h o d [4].

Preparation of complexes

A l l p r e p a r a t i o n a n d m a n i p u l a t i o n o f t h e c o b a l t c o m p l e x e s w e r e c a r r i e d o u t u n d e r n i t r o g e n a t m o -s p h e r e . T h e S c h i f f b a s e s , N , N ' - e t h y l e n e b i s ( a c e t y l -a c e t o n i m i n e ) a n d N , N ' - e t h y l e n e b i s ( b e n z o y l a c e t o n -i m i n e ) w e r e p r e p a r e d b y t h e m e t h o d o f M a r t e l l a n d h i s c o w o r k e r s [5]. T h e c o b a l t c o m p l e x e s w e r e p r e p a r e d b y m o d i f i c a t i o n s o f t h e m e t h o d o f E v e r e t t a n d H o l m [6]. S a m p l e s w e r e s t o r e d i n g l a s s t u b e s , w h i c h w e r e s e a l e d o f f in vacuo. T h e c o b a l t c o n t e n t s i n t h e c o m p l e x e s w e r e d e t e r m i n e d b y t h e s p e c t r o -p h o t o m e t r y m e t h o d , u s i n g n i t r o s o - R s a l t ; C a l c d . 2 1 . 0 , F o u n d . 2 0 . 7 % f o r C o ( a c a c e n ) a n d C a l c d . 14 .5 , F o u n d . 1 4 . 8 % f o r C o ( b z a c e n ) .

R = CH3; Co(acacen) 1 R = C 6 H 5 ; Co(bzacen) 2

Analyses of reaction products

S o l v e n t s e m p l o y e d in t h i s w o r k a r e m e t h a n o l f o r C o ( a c a c e n ) a n d D M F f o r C o ( b z a c e n ) . I n a t y p i c a l e x p e r i m e n t , 0 .4 m m o l e o f c o b a l t c o m p l e x a n d 2 .0 m m o l e o f 3 - m e t h y l i n d o l e a r e d i s s o l v e d i n 60 m l s o l v e n t m e t h a n o l t h o r o u g h l y d e g a s s e d a n d t h e s o l u t i o n is p l a c e d i n 25 m l flask c o n n e c t e d t o a m a n o m e t e r a t t a c h e d t o a v a c u u m l i n e . T h e s y s t e m is d e g a s s e d a n d e v a c u a t e d t o a n i n i t i a l p r e s s u r e c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e s o l v e n t v a p o r p r e s s u r e a t r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e . A g a s o f o x y g e n is t h e n a d d e d t o t h e s y s t e m u n t i l p r e s s u r e b e t w e e n 650 m m a n d 760 m m is o b t a i n e d , a n d t h e s o l u t i o n is w e l l s t i r r e d . A f t e r a n a p p r o p r i a t e t i m e , t h e s o l u t i o n m i x t u r e is e v a p o r a t e d

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K. Nomiya et al. • Catalytic Oxygenation of 3-Me thy lind ole by Co(II)-Schiff Base Planar Complexes 443

in vacuo a n d c h r o m a t o g r a p h e d o n a s i l i ca g e l c o l u m n . T h e p r o d u c t s o b t a i n e d a r e a n a l y z e d b y m e a n s o f T L C a n d G C - M a s s s p e c t r o m e t e r c o m p a r i n g w i t h a u t h e n t i c s a m p l e s . T h e r e a c t i o n c o n v e r s i o n of t h e s u b s t r a t e t o p r o d u c t s is d e t e r m i n e d b y a g a s c h r o m a t o g r a p h y , u s i n g S h i m a z u M o d e l G C - 1 C g a s C h r o m a t o g r a p h . T h e c o l u m n e m p l o y e d is s i l i c o n D C - 5 5 0 ( 5 % ) ; 1 . 5 x 2 0 ; c o l u m n t e m p e r a t u r e , 1 5 0 ° C ; i n j e c t i o n t e m p e r a t u r e , 1 5 0 °C. T h e G C - M a s s s p e c t r a w e r e r e c o r d e d u s i n g F i n n i g a n M o d e l 3 3 0 E s p e c t r o m e t e r .

O2 uptake measurements O x y g e n a b s o r p t i o n i n s o l u t i o n b y c o b a l t ( I I )

c o m p l e x i t s e l f a n d c o b a l t ( I I ) c o m p l e x - s u b s t r a t e a d d u c t w e r e d e t e r m i n e d b y p r e s s u r e m e a s u r e m e n t a t c o n s t a n t v o l u m e a n d c o n s t a n t t e m p e r a t u r e , u s i n g m e r c u r y m a n o m e t e r a t t a c h e d t o v a c u u m l i n e .

Spectral measurements M e a s u r e m e n t s o f e l e c t r o n i c s p e c t r a w e r e p e r -

f o r m e d u s i n g H i t a c h i M o d e l - 1 2 4 s p e c t r o p h o t o m e t e r . P r e p a r a t i o n s o f c o m p l e x s o l u t i o n s a n d m e a s u r e m e n t s o f t h e s p e c t r a w e r e a c h i e v e d i n t h e a b s e n c e o f o x y g e n a n d m o i s t u r e . S p e c t r a l c h a n g e s d u e t o a n e w c o m p l e x f o r m a t i o n i n s o l u t i o n c o n t a i n i n g s u b s t r a t e , o r i g i n a l c o b a l t c o m p l e x a n d o x y g e n w e r e m o n i t o r e d u s i n g a r e a c t i o n v e s s e l h a v i n g s i d e g l a s s t u b e , q u a r t z c e l l a n d v a c u u m s t o p c o c k w h i c h c o u l d b e e v a c u a t e d .

lH NMR measurements X H N M R s p e c t r a w e r e r e c o r d e d u s i n g V a r i a n

M o d e l T - 6 0 s p e c t r o m e t e r i n CDCI3 s o l u t i o n r e l a t i v e t o Me4Si a s a n i n t e r n a l s t a n d a r d . S a m p l e s w e r e p r e p a r e d a s f o l l o w s . S o l i d C o ( a c a c e n ) ( 1 6 m g ) w a s p l a c e d i n t h e p y r e x ce l l f o r m e a s u r e m e n t s , a n d t h e s y s t e m w a s w e l l e v a c u a t e d , w h e r e i n t o CDCI3 c o n -t a i n i n g Me4Si w a s t r a n s f e r r e d b y v a c u u m - d i s t i l l a -t i o n . T h e c e l l w a s s e a l e d o f f in vacuo, a n d t h e n u s e d f o r m e a s u r e m e n t o f t h e s p e c t r u m o f C o ( a c a c e n ) i n t h e a b s e n c e o f o x y g e n . B y i n t r o d u c i n g o x y g e n i n t o t h e s y s t e m , t h e i n i t i a l s p e c t r u m a n d s p e c t r a l c h a n g e s d u e t o t h e r e a c t i o n o f t h e c o b a l t c o m p l e x w i t h o x y g e n w e r e r e c o r d e d a s t i m e e l a p s e d . T h e d e o x y g e n a t e d CDCI3 s o l u t i o n (3 m l ) c o n t a i n i n g C o ( a c a c e n ) ( 1 6 m g ) a n d 3 - m e t h y l i n d o l e (22.5 m g ) w a s p r e p a r e d b y t h e s i m i l a r m a n n e r s . T h e s p e c t r a w e r e a l s o m e a s u r e d u n d e r a n a e r o b i c a n d a e r o b i c c o n d i t i o n s .

3. Results and Discussion

Oxygen uptake measurements

T h e t y p i c a l r e a c t i o n o f 3 - m e t h y l i n d o l e w r i th

o x y g e n i n t h e p r e s e n c e o f c o b a l t ( I I ) p l a n a r c o m p l e x

g a v e t w o p r o d u c t s , 3 a n d 4 ; t h e f o r m e r is a m a i n

p r o d u c t a n d t h e l a t t e r o n l y a m i n o r p r o d u c t . F r o m

G C a n d G C - M a s s a n a l y s e s t h e y w e r e i d e n t i f i e d w i t h

o - f o r m y l a m i n o a c e t o p h e n o n e a n d o - a m i n o a c e t o p h e -

n o n e , r e s p e c t i v e l y . N o r e a c t i o n t o o k p l a c e w i t h o u t

c o b a l t c o m p l e x e s . F u r t h e r m o r e , i n t h e s y s t e m

c o n t a i n i n g i n d o l e i n t h e p l a c e o f 3 - m e t h y l i n d o l e a s

a s u b s t r a t e , t h e r e a c t i o n d i d n o t t a k e p l a c e . T h e

s u b s t i t u e n t e f f e c t o n t h e i n d o l e r i n g i n d i c a t e s t h a t

i t s d o n o r a b i l i t y is t h e p r e f e r e n t i a l f a c t o r o n t h e

r e a c t i v i t y o f t h e s u b s t r a t e . T h i s c o r r e s p o n d s t o t h e

p r e v i o u s l y r e p o r t e d r e s u l t s [4],

T h e c o n v e r s i o n s a n d s e l e c t i v i t i e s a r e l i s t e d i n

T a b l e I , i n d i c a t i n g t h a t t h i s r e a c t i o n p r o c e e d s

c a t a l y t i c a l l y .

Table I. The Conversion of 3-methylindole to products by the catalytic reaction of Co(acacen) complex at room temperature^

Reaction time Conversion Selectivity [ % ] [h] [%] 3* 4b

17 46 98 2 43 62 99 1

164 75 98 2 a The conditions: 3-methylindole, 2.0 mmole (262mg);

Co(acacen), 0.4 mmole (112 mg); solvent, methanol 60 ml.

b 3: o-formylaminoacetophenone, 4: o-aminoaceto-phenone.

w 0,, Co (II) complex

NH? (1)

50 100 150 m in

Fig. 1. Manometric observation of oxygen uptake. The conditions: 3-methylindole, 0.515 mmole; Co(acacen), 0.171 mmole; solvent, methanol 15 ml.

S i n c e t h e r e a c t i o n o b s e r v e d w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s

s c h e m e (1) , t h e O2 p r e s s u r e d e c r e a s e i n t h e s y s t e m

s h o u l d a p p e a r as a f u n c t i o n o f t i m e . T h e r e s u l t s o f

m a n o m e t r i c m e a s u r e m e n t s a r e s h o w n i n F i g . 1 .

T h e l i n e a r p l o t b e t w e e n 1 m i n u t e ( B ) a n d 60 m i n -

u t e s (C) i n d i c a t e s t h e s u b s t r a t e - C o - 0 2 a d d u c t f o r -

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444 K. Nomiya et al. • Catalytic Oxygenation of 3-Me thy lind ole by Co(II)-Schiff Base Planar Complexes 444

m a t i o n p r o c e s s , a n d t h e c u r v a t u r e a f t e r 60 m i n u t e s

(C) i n d i c a t e s t h e o x y g e n i n c o r p o r a t i o n s t e p i n t o

s u b s t r a t e . T h e s e w e r e a l s o v e r i f i e d b y t h e g a s -

c h r o m a t o g r a p h i c e s t i m a t i o n o f t h e a m o u n t o f o x y -

g e n i n c o r p o r a t e d . D u r i n g t h e 89 h r - r e a c t i o n (condi-

t i o n s ; 3 - m e t h y l i n d o l e 0 . 5 1 5 m m o l e , C o ( a c a c e n )

0 . 1 7 1 m m o l e , s o l v e n t 1 5 m l ) , 0.66 m m o l e o f o x y g e n

w a s c o n s u m e d . T h e a m o u n t o f o x y g e n u p t a k e b y

t h e n e t r e a c t i o n d e t e r m i n e d g a s - c h r o m a t o g r a p h i -

c a l l y w a s 0.46 m m o l e (i). I n F i g . 1 , o n d e f i n i n g B '

a s t h e e x t r a p o r a t e d p o i n t o f t h e s t r a i g h t l ine be-

t w e e n B a n d C t o t h e o r d i n a t e , a p o r t i o n b e t w e e n A

a n d B ' , d u e t o t h e r e a l a b s o r p t i o n o f o x y g e n b y

d e g a s s e d s o l v e n t m e t h a n o l , g i v e s 0.06 m m o l e (ii),

a n d a p o r t i o n b e t w e e n B ' a n d C, d u e t o t h e o x y g e n

u p t a k e b y a d d u c t s f o r m a t i o n , g i v e s 0 . 1 7 m m o l e (iii).

S u m m a t i o n o f (i), (ii) a n d (iii) is 0.69 m m o l e , w h i c h

is i n g o o d a g r e e m e n t w i t h t h e 0.66 m m o l e o f o x y g e n

c o n s u m e d i n t h i s r e a c t i o n w i t h i n e x p e r i m e n t a l

e r r o r s . F u r t h e r m o r e , t h e m o l e n u m b e r s o f o x y g e n

c o n s u m e d b e t w e e n B a n d C w a s a l s o i n g o o d

a g r e e m e n t w i t h t h e i n i t i a l m o l e n u m b e r s o f c o b a l t

c o m p l e x u s e d . T h e s e f a c t s i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e o x y g e n

c o n s u m e d w a s e x c l u s i v e l y u s e d t o f o r m t h e o x y g e n

a d d u c t s w i t h t h e c o b a l t c o m p l e x a n d t o i n c o r p o r a t e

i n t o t h e s u b s t r a t e .

Spectral observation

T h e s p e c t r a l c h a n g e s d u e t o t h e c o m p l e x f o r m a -

t i o n a m o n g O2, c o b a l t c o m p l e x a n d s u b s t r a t e , w e r e

s h o w n i n F i g . 2. A b s o r p t i o n s p e c t r u m (a) o f

T h i s c h a n g e w a s r e l a t i v e l y r a p i d . A b s o r p t i o n spec-

t r u m o f t h e c o b a l t c o m p l e x o n l y i n m e t h a n o l u n d e r

a e r o b i c c o n d i t i o n s i s p r e s e n t e d i n (c). W h e n s u b s t r a t e

is a d d e d t o t h i s s o l u t i o n a n d a l l o w e d t o s t a n d f o r a

l o n g t i m e , t h e s p e c t r u m (c) d i s a p p e a r e d a n d t h e spec-

t r u m (b) r e g e n e r a t e d . T h e s e p h e n o m e n a w e r e s u m m a -

r i z e d a s s c h e m e (2). T h e a d d u c t 7 c o n s i s t i n g o f c o b a l t

c o m p l e x a n d s u b s t r a t e is a s s u m e d t o b e e x i s t e n t b y

N M R s t u d y d e s c r i b e d l a t e r , a l t h o u g h i t is o b s c u r e

f r o m t h e e l e c t r o n i c s p e c t r a . T h e s p e c t r u m (c) m a y be

a n a l o g o u s t o t h e s p e c t r u m o f C o ( b e n a c e n ) • C N p y • O2,

Solvent

5

|| Substrate

Substrate

Z ^ p 7

O,

II (2)

/ j E 7 Solvent

7

Fig. 2. Change of the absorption spectra with the reaction of Co(acacen) and 3-methylindole under an-aerobic (a) and aerobic (b, c) conditions.

C o ( a c a c e n ) i n m e t h a n o l u n d e r a n a e r o b i c c o n d i t i o n s

r e m a i n s a p p a r e n t l y u n c h a n g e d , e v e n o n t h e a d d i t i o n

o f e x c e s s s u b s t r a t e . B u t b y a d d i n g a t m o s p h e r i c

o x y g e n t o t h e s o l u t i o n c o n t a i n i n g C o ( a c a c e n ) a n d

s u b s t r a t e , t h e s p e c t r u m w a s c h a n g e d f r o m (a) t o (b).

w h i c h a p p e a r e d i n t h e s t u d y o f r e v e r s i b l e o x y g e n a -

t i o n o f C o ( b e n a c e n ) • C N p y b y B a s o l o a n d h is

coAvorkers [1] .

D u e t o t h e i n s o l u b i l i t y o f C o ( b z a c e n ) c o m p l e x i n

m e t h a n o l , i t wTas n o t p o s s i b l e t o p e r f o r m t h e m a n o -

m e t r i c a n d s p e c t r o s c o p i c m e a s u r e m e n t s u n d e r t h e

s a m e c o n d i t i o n s . H o w e v e r , o n t h e b a s i s o f d a t a i n

D M F , f o r m a t i o n o f 0 2 - a d d u c t s a n d o x y g e n - i n c o r p o -

r a t i o n c a t a l y z e d b y t h e c o m p l e x w e r e c o n f i r m e d .

T h i s s y s t e m is c o m p e t i t i v e l y a c c o m p a n i e d w i t h t h e

c o o r d i n a t i o n o f s o l v e n t D M F a s a n a x i a l l i g a n d ,

r e s u l t i n g i n o x i d a t i o n o f D M F , s u c h t h a t t h e

a p p a r e n t r a t e o f a d d u c t s f o r m a t i o n a n d t h e r a t e o f

c a t a l y t i c p r o c e s s w e r e s e v e r a l t i m e s l a r g e r t h a n

t h o s e o b s e r v e d i n t h e s y s t e m o f C o ( a c a c e n ) m e t h a n o l

s o l u t i o n . T h e f a c t t h a t t h e o x y g e n a t i o n o f t h e

s u b s t r a t e p r o c e e d s i n p a r a l l e l w i t h t h e o x i d a t i o n o f

s o l v e n t D M F s u p p o r t s t h e e x i s t e n c e o f t h e t y p e o f

S - C o - 0 2 c o m p l e x , w h e r e S is s u b s t r a t e or s o l v e n t ,

b e c a u s e s u b s t r a t e a n d s o l v e n t D M F d i d n o t r e a c t

w i t h o x y g e n w i t h o u t t h e c o m p l e x a s a c a t a l y s t .

A s i g n i f i c a n t f e a t u r e o f C o ( b z a c e n ) is t h e a p p r o x i -

m a t e c o p l a n a r i t y o f t h e p h e n y l s u b s t i t u e n t s w i t h

t h e S c h i f f b a s e - c o b a l t p l a n e [7]. T h i s c o u l d f a c i l i t a t e

7r-electron d e r e a l i z a t i o n w i t h i n t h e c o b a l t - S c h i f f

b a s e g r o u p , w h i c h s t a b i l i z e s t h e p l a n a r s t r u c t u r e ,

a n d t h i s m a y b e a l s o r e f l e c t e d o n t h e d i f f e r e n c e o f

700 600 500 400 nm

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K. Nomiya et al. • Catalytic Oxygenation of 3-Me thy lind ole by Co(II)-Schiff Base Planar Complexes 445

o x y g e n u p t a k e a b i l i t y b e t w e e n t w o t y p e s o f t h e s e

c o b a l t c o m p l e x e s .

T h e r e s u l t s o f t h e m a n o m e t r i c a n d s p e c t r o s c o p i c

e x p e r i m e n t s s h o w t h a t t h e s p e c i e s 8, n o t a n o x y g e n -

b r i d g e d d i m e r i c spec ies C o ( I I ) - 0 - 0 - C o ( I I ) , p l a y s

a n i m p o r t a n t r o l e in t h e c a t a l y t i c p r o c e s s . T h r e e

t y p e s o f t h e r e a c t i o n w o u l d b e p r o p o s e d ; t h e d i r e c t

r e a c t i o n of t h e c o o r d i n a t e d s u b s t r a t e i n 8 w i t h

g a s e o u s f r e e o x y g e n , t h e d i r e c t r e a c t i o n o f t h e

c o o r d i n a t e d o x y g e n in 8 w i t h f r e e s u b s t r a t e , a n d t h e

d i r e c t r e a c t i o n b e t w e e n t w o s u b s t r a t e - C o - 0 2 c o m -

p l e x e s . H o w e v e r , t h e las t o n e is p l a u s i b l e b e c a u s e o f

t h e f a c t s t h a t t h e a p p a r e n t r e a c t i o n is t o o s l o w in

sp i te o f r e l a t i v e l y h i g h c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f f r e e o x y g e n

a n d f r e e s u b s t r a t e in t h e s y s t e m .

1H NMR observation of over-all reaction

A l t h o u g h t h e m o n o m e r i c C o ( a c a c e n ) - 0 2 c o m p l e x

h a s b e e n d e s c r i b e d a s c o n t a i n i n g a c o b a l t ( I I ) i o n i n

a l o w - s p i n d 7 e l e c t r o n i c c o n f i g u r a t i o n , a n d o x y g e n i n

a s ing le t s t a t e , t h e r e c e n t E S R s t u d i e s s u g g e s t t h a t

t h e s y s t e m s m o r e n e a r l y a p p r o x i m a t e C o ( I I I ) - 0 2 ~ ,

w h e r e t h e u n p a i r e d e l e c t r o n is l a r g e l y l o c a l i z e d t o

t h e c o o r d i n a t e d o x y g e n [8].

T h e * H N M R s p e c t r u m o f C o ( a c a c e n ) i t s e l f i n

CDCI3 a t r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e s h o w s n o s i g n a l s in t h e

r a n g e f r o m 0 p p m t o 1 5 p p m , r e f l e c t i n g t h e c o n t a c t

s h i f t d u e t o t h e u n p a i r e d e l e c t r o n o f C o ( I I ) ion. A s

t h e a d d u c t C o ( I I I ) - 0 2 _ 6 s h o w s t h e d i a m a g n e t i c

p r o p e r t y d u e t o a l o w - s p i n d 6 c o n f i g u r a t i o n o f

C o ( I I I ) ion , t h e p r o t o n r e s o n a n c e s a p p e a r i n m o r e

u p f i e l d t h a n t h a t o f p a r e n t c o m p l e x ; t h e m e t h y l

p r o t o n s o f p l a n a r l i g a n d , 1 . 9 1 p p m ; -CH2-, 3 . 4 2 p p m ,

- C H = , 5 . 1 2 p p m . T h i s o x y g e n a d d u c t i n s o l u t i o n is

r e l a t i v e l y u n s t a b l e u n d e r a ir a t r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e .

A f t e r a l o n g p e r i o d o f t i m e , t h e d i m e r i c a d d u c t 9

is f o r m e d i n t h e s o l u t i o n , t h e p r o t o n r e s o n a n c e o f

w h i c h s h o w s t h e m o s t i n t e n s e p e a k a t 2.00 p p m . I n

t h i s s y s t e m t h e s i g n a l o f CHCI3 c o n t a i n e d i n t h e

s o l v e n t r e s o n a n c e s a t 7 . 3 3 p p m , w h e r e a s t h e s i g n a l

o f CHCI3 i n CDCI3 a p p e a r s a t 7 .27 p p m , i n d i c a t i n g

t h e p r e s e n c e o f t h e i n t e r a c t i o n b e t w e e n s o l v e n t

m o l e c u l e s a n d t h e d i m e r i c c o m p l e x . A p l a u s i b l e

s c h e m e is s h o w n i n (3).

Solvent

T h i s c o r r e s p o n d s t o t h e p r e v i o u s l y r e p o r t e d f a c t

t h a t t h e C o ( s a l e n ) c o m p l e x f o r m s t h e b i n u c l e a r

a d d u c t w i t h D M F , in w h i c h t h e o x y g e n m o l e c u l e

b r i d g e s b e t w e e n t h e t w o c o b a l t c e n t e r s [9].

O n t h e N M R m e a s u r e m e n t s o f t h e C D C l 3 s o l u t i o n

c o n t a i n i n g 3 - m e t h y l i n d o l e a s a s u b s t r a t e , C o ( a c a c e n )

a n d i t s o x y g e n a d d u c t s as c a t a l y s t , a n d o - f o r m y l -

a m i n o a c e t o p h e n o n e a s a p r o d u c t , t h e i r m e t h y l

s i g n a l s w e r e c o n v e n i e n t t o d i s t i n g u i s h t h e m , s ince

t h e y w e r e m o r e e x p l i c t a n d m o r e s e p a r a t e d t h a n

t h o s e o f p h e n y l g r o u p s a n d o t h e r p r o t o n s .

T h e m e t h y l p r o t o n of f r e e s u b s t r a t e in CDCI3 s o l u t i o n r e s o n a n c e s a t 2.28 p p m . O n t h e o t h e r h a n d ,

i n t h e a b s e n c e o f o x y g e n t h e s p e c t r u m o f t h e s y s t e m

c o n s i s t i n g o f C o ( a c a c e n ) a n d s u b s t r a t e s h o w o n l y

o n e p e a k a t 2 .43 p p m i n t h e u s u a l u p f i e l d r a n g e

( F i g . 3 a ) . T h i s is d u e t o t h e m e t h y l g r o u p o f

2.-43 ppm

/ W (3)

Fig. 3. !H NMR spectral changes due to the reaction of Co(acacen) solution con-taining 3-methylindole with molecular oxygen, In the absence of O2: (a) In the presence of O2: t = 0-3 h (b), t = 23 h (c), t = 193 h (d). The conditions: 3-methyl-indole, 0.172 mmole; Co(acacen), 0.057 mmole; solvent, CDCI3 3 ml.

s u b s t r a t e i n f l u e n c e d b y p a r a m a g n e t i c e f f e c t o f t h e

p l a n a r c o b a l t c o m p l e x . T h i s p h e n o m e n o n c o u l d b e

e x p l a i n e d o n t h e b a s i s o f r a p i d e q u i l i b r i u m b e t w e e n

f r e e s u b s t r a t e a n d c o o r d i n a t e d s u b s t r a t e 7, t h e l a t t e r

a s s u m e d t o b e e x i s t e n t in s o l u t i o n a s a p a r a m a g n e t i c

spec ies .

A s s o o n a s e x c e s s o x y g e n w a s i n t r o d u c e d i n t o t h e

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446 K. Nomiya et al. • Catalytic Oxygenation of 3-Me thy lind ole by Co(II)-Schiff Base Planar Complexes 446

s y s t e m o f C o ( a e a e e n ) a n d s u b s t r a t e , t h e m e t h y l

s i g n a l o f t h e s u b s t r a t e w a s s h i f t e d t o u p f i e l d

(2.38 p p m ) a n d n e w t w o w e a k p e a k s a p p e a r e d a t

1 .99 p p m a n d 1.82 p p m ( F i g . 3 b). A s t h e r e a c t i o n

p r o g r e s s e d , t h e m e t h y l p r o t o n o f s u b s t r a t e s h i f t e d

t o t h e m o r e u p f i e l d , a n d t h e i n t e n s i t y w a s d e c r e a s e d .

H o w e v e r , a t t h e final s t a t e t h e i n t e n s i t y o f s u b s t r a t e

m e t h y l s i g n a l d i d n o t d i m i n i s h , b u t b e c a m e n e a r l y

e q u a l i n t e n s i t y t o t h o s e o f t h e o t h e r t w o m e t h y l

s i g n a l s , t h e c h e m i c a l s h i f t o f w h i c h w a s 2.30 p p m

( F i g . 3 d ) . O n t h e o t h e r h a n d , d u r i n g t h e r e a c t i o n ,

t w o m e t h y l s i g n a l s h o l d t h e i r r e l a t i v e i n t e n s i t i e s

e q u a l , a l t h o u g h one s i g n a l , 1 .99 p p m , w a s s h i f t e d ,

a l b e i t o n l y less t h a n 0.02 p p m , t o u p f i e l d a n d t h e

o t h e r s i g n a l , 1 .82 p p m , s h i f t e d t o d o w n f i e l d a b o u t

0.05 p p m ; finally t h e s e s i g n a l s r e a c h e d a t 1 . 9 7 a n d

1 .87 p p m , r e s p e c t i v e l y . T h e s e t w o i n t e n s i t i e s w e r e

s t r o n g l y d e p e n d e n t o n t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f C o -

( a c a c e n ) u s e d .

T h u s t h e s igna ls , 2.30, 1 .97 a n d 1.87 p p m , a r e

e x p l a i n e d t o b e b a s e d o n t h e d i a m a g n e t i c c o m p l e x ,

S u b s t r a t e - C o ( I I I ) - 0 2 ~ , t h e first one is d u e t o t h e

c o o r d i n a t e d s u b s t r a t e a n d t h e r e m a i n d e r t w o s i g n a l s

a r e d u e t o t h e p l a n a r l i g a n d . T h e t i m e d e p e n d e n t

s h i f t s o f s u b s t r a t e m e t h y l p r o t o n (2.38 p p m ) a n d

t w o m e t h y l p r o t o n s (1 .99 a n d 1.82 p p m ) a r e a l s o

e x p l a i n e d b y t h e r a p i d e q u i l i b r i u m of s c h e m e (2)

a n d t h e c h a n g e of s u b s t r a t e c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n t h e

s y s t e m b y t h e r e a c t i o n .

W i t h i n s e v e r a l h o u r s a f t e r t h e r e a c t i o n i n i t i a t e d ,

t h e N M R p a t t e r n s d i d n o t l a r g e l y c h a n g e . T h e

s p e c t r u m o f m a i n p r o d u c t , o - f o r m y l a m i n o a c e t o -

p h e n o n e , c o u l d be o b s e r v e d u p o n a b o u t 23 h - a f t e r ,

h a v i n g t h e m e t h y l p r o t o n s ignal a t 2 .62 p p m

( F i g . 3 c ) . T h e i n t e n s i t y i n c r e a s e d c o n t i n u o u s l y a t

t h e s a m e r e s o n a n c e p o s i t i o n a s t h e t i m e e l a p s e d .

T h e a p p e a r a n c e o f t h i s s i g n a l w a s a c c o m p a n i e d

w i t h t h o s e o f s o m e u n i d e n t i f i e d s i g n a l s ; 2 .22, 1 . 6 7 ,

1 .47 p p m a n d o t h e r s m a l l o b s c u r e s igna ls , w h i c h a r e

l i k e l y t o s h i f t t o d o w n f i e l d , b u t o n l y a f e w p p m , a s

t h e r e a c t i o n p r o c e e d s .

T h e c o o r d i n a t i o n o f t h e p r o d u c t t o t h e c o b a l t w a s

n o t e x i s t e n t , i n d i c a t i n g t h a t t h e p r o d u c t is r e a d i l y

e l i m i n a t e d f r o m t h e c a t a l y s t a n d t h e d i a m a g n e t i c

a d d u c t o f t h e t y p e o f S u b s t r a t e - C o ( I I I ) - 0 2 ~ is

s t e a d i l y e x i s t e n t in t h e s o l u t i o n .

T h e o x i d i z a b i l i t y o f t h e s u b s t r a t e is d i r e c t l y

r e f e r r e d t o t h e e l e c t r o n d e n s i t y o n d o u b l e b o n d i n

2 , 3 - p o s i t i o n and/or t h e d o n o r a b i l i t y o f t h e s u b -

s t i t u e n t g r o u p in 3 - p o s i t i o n , a n d is l a r g e l y e n h a n c e d

b y i t s c o o r d i n a t i o n t o C o ( a c a c e n ) . F u r t h e r m o r e O2

r e v e r s i b l y i n t e r a c t s w i t h C o ( a c a c e n ) in t h e p r e s e n c e

o f t h e s u b s t r a t e a s a n a x i a l d o n o r l i g a n d , w h e r e

a c t i v a t i o n p r o c e s s o f t h e 0 2 - b i n d i n g is d e s c r i b e d a s

a n e l e c t r o n t r a n s f e r f r o m C o ( I I ) t o t h e o x y g e n

m o l e c u l e . I n t h i s c a t a l y t i c o x y g e n a t i o n , t h e pos-

s i b i l i t y o f t h e d i r e c t i n t e r a c t i o n o f t h e c o o r d i n a t e d

s u b s t r a t e i n 8 w i t h f r e e o x y g e n w o u l d b e e x c l u d e d

b y t h e r e s e r v a t i o n r u l e o f s p i n m u l t i p l i c i t y o f t h e

o x y g e n , a n d t h a t o f t h e c o o r d i n a t e d o x y g e n m o l e c u l e

i n 8 w i t h f r e e s u b s t r a t e w o u l d a l s o be e x c l u d e d b y

t h e e l e c t r o n i c r e p u l s i o n . F r o m t h e s e p o i n t s o f v i e w ,

w e s u g g e s t t h a t t h e p r e s e n t c a t a l y t i c o x y g e n a t i o n

i n v o l v e s a d o n o r - a c c e p t o r c o m p l e x , t h a t is a d i m e r i c

c o m p l e x , f o r m e d t h r o u g h t h e i n t e r m o l e c u l a r inter-

a c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e c o o r d i n a t e d s u b s t r a t e a n d t h e

c o o r d i n a t e d o x y g e n . T h i s is s u p p o r t e d b y t h e m a n o -

m e t r i c m e a s u r e m e n t s as m e n t i o n e d b e f o r e . T h u s w e

t e n t a t i v e l y p r o p o s e t h a t t h e i n t e r m e d i a t e d i m e r i c

c o m p l e x f o r m e d b e t w e e n t w o S u b s t r a t e - C o - 0 2 c o m -

p l e x e s g i v e s r ise t o t h e a p p e a r a n c e o f s o m e m e t h y l

s i g n a l s o t h e r t h a n t h o s e o f f r e e s u b s t r a t e , t h e

c o o r d i n a t e d s u b s t r a t e a n d p l a n a r l i g a n d i n 8.

S i n c e t h e a p p e a r a n c e o f t h e p r o d u c t s i g n a l

(2.62 p p m ) w a s s i m u l t a n e o u s l y a c c o m p a n i e d w i t h

t h o s e o f t h e d i m e r i c c o m p l e x p r o p o s e d , t h e r a t e

d e t e r m i n i n g s t e p o f t h e o v e r - a l l r e a c t i o n is r e c o g n i z e d

a s t h e p r o c e s s o f c o m p l e x f o r m a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e

S u b s t r a t e - C o - 0 2 a d d u c t s (5). T h e p r o p o s e d m e c h a -

n i s m is p r e s e n t e d a s (4)-(6), w h i c h is a lso c o r r e s p o n d -

i n g t o t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e m a n o m e t r i c 0 2 - u p t a k e

m e a s u r e m e n t s a n d t h e s p e c t r o p h o t o m e t r y m e a s u r e -

m e n t s .

Sc>lvent

/ 90 / + 02 + Substrate

Solvent

s

the dimeric complex „

(4)

(5)

, Substrate, O- | (6) . the dimeric complex,, »Products + 2 / C o /

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K. Nomiya et al. • Catalytic Oxygenation of 3-Me thy lind ole by Co(II)-Schiff Base Planar Complexes 447

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[8] B. M. Hoffman, D. L. Diemente, and F. Basolo, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 92, 61 (1970).

[9] G. Henrici-Olive and S. Olive, Coordination and Catalysis, p. 267, Verlag Chemie, New York 1977.