Debasish Das MBA

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SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF

THE REQUIREMENTS

FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMISTRATION

SUBMITTED BY

DEBASISH DAS

REGD NO: - 1106274076

MBA 2nd Yr.

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Ms. Swati Mishra

LECTURE IN HR

UNITED SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT


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DECLARATION

I Debasish Das, the undersigned, a student of United School Of Business

Management, Bhubaneswar, declare that this project report titled Training &

Development is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the

MBA programme, a prestigious Degree awarded by USBM, Bhubaneswar.

This is my original work and has not been previously submitted as a part of any

other degree or diploma of another Business School or University.

Debasish Das

Regd. no-1106274076

MBA 2ndyear


PATIA, BHUBANESWAR-751024

ODISHA.


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am very thankful to my faculty Mrs. Swati Mishra for her continuous

guidance, support and motivation during the project.

Debasish Das

Regd.no-1106274076

MBA 2ndyear


PATIA, BHUBANESWAR 751024

ODISHA .


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TABLE OF CONTENT

1. CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

METHODLOGY

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

2. CHAPTER-2

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

3. CHAPTER-3

CONCLUSION


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1.1 Introduction

In the field of Human Resorce Management, Training and

Development is the field concern with organizational activities which are aimed

to bettering individual and group performances in organizational settings. It has

been known by many names in the field of HRM, such as employee

development, human resources development, learning and development etc.

Training is really developing employees capacities through learning and

practicing. Training and Development is the framework for helping employees

to develop their personal and organizational skill, knowledge, and abilities. The

focus of all aspects of Human Resource Development is on developing the most

superior workforce so that the organization and individual employees can

accomplish their goals in service to customers.

1.2 Concept and Definition of Human Resource Management

Milkovich and Boudrau defined Human Resource Management as a

series of integrated decisions that from the employment relationship their

quality contributing to the ability of the organization and the employees to

achieve their objectives. Human resource management is a major component of

managerial process and has its roots and branches extending through the

organization. It is concerned with creating good relationships in the organization

and development of people for contributing to the organizational objectives.

Human resource management is a system, a philosophy, policy and practices

that can influence individuals that work in an organization. HRM activities

include staffing, training & development, performance appraisal compensation

management, safety and health and industrial relations. Beer et al. (1984)

viewed HRM as involving all management decisions that affect the relationship

between the organization and employees its human resources. Armstrong

(1995) defined HRM as a strategic and coherent approach to the management

of organizations most valued assets the employees who individually and

collectively contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the business.

Storey (1995) considered HRM as a distinctive approach to employment

management which seek to obtain competitive advantage through the

deployment of a highly committed and skilled workforce, using an array of

techniques. While others have defined HRM as being concerned with the need


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to achieve congruency among the various HRM policies and practices so that

become mutually supportive, rather than conflicting (Schuler & Jackson, 1987).

According to Huang (2000), HRM practices are one

area that influences employees intention to leave, levels of job satisfaction and

organizational commitment.

Training:-

Training is primarily concerned with preparing people for certain activities

delineated by technology and by the organization and settings in which they

work. Education helps students to choose their activities. Training helps

participants to improve their performance. Education deals mostly knowledge

and understanding. Training deals mostly with understanding, skill and action.

Training embraces an understanding of the complex processes by which various

factors that make up a situation interact.

Development:-

This term is often viewed as a broad, ongoing multi-faceted set of activities(training activities among them) to bring someone or an organization up to

another threshold of performance. This development often includes a wide

variety of methods, e.g., orienting about a role, training in a wide variety of

areas, ongoing training on the job, coaching, mentoring and forms of self-

development. Some view development as a life-long goal and experience.

1.3 Objective of the study:-

The principle objectives are as follows: -

To understand the training and development activities of the company.

To find out the impact on the performance of the individual after training.

Report the feedback of the employees of the training activity carried on.


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To know the training methods used in the organization.

To know the reasons for employees training and development.

1.4 Scope of the study:-

This research provides me with an opportunity to explore in the field of Human

Resources. This research also provides the feedback of people involved in the

Training and development process Apart from that it would provide me a great deal

of exposure to interact with the high profile managers of the company.

1.5 Methodology:-

For the study the data has been taken from secondary data. The

secondary data is collected from the journals, books, internet etc.

1.6 Limitation of the study:-

Unable to collect primary data


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CHAPTER-2

THEORITICAL FRAME WORK


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Training & Development ProcessTraining and Development is the field concerned with workplace learning to

improve performance. Such training can be generally categorized as on-the-job

or off-the-job.

On-the-job describes training that is given in a normal working situation, using

the actual tools, equipment, documents or materials that they will use when fully

trained. On-the-job training is usually most effective for vocational work.

Off-the-job training takes place away from normal work situation which means

that the employee is not regarded as productive worker when training is taking

place. An advantage of off-the-job training is that it allows people to get away

from work and totally concentrate on the training being given. This type of

training is most effective for training concepts and ideas.

At a glance, we find that training gives the following results:

1)Growth, expansion and modernization cannot take place without trained

manpower.

2) It increases productivity and profitability, reduces cost and finally enhances

skill and knowledge of the employee.

3) Prevents obsolescence.

4) Helps in developing a problem solving attitude.

5) Gives people awareness of rules and procedures.

6) Builds better communications skills.

7) Develops hidden talent.

8) Ensures consistent quality.

9) Provides greater focus.


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10) Produces more effective/productive efforts.

TYPICAL REASONS FOR EMPLOYEE TRAINING AND

DEVELOPMENT

Training and development can be initiated for a variety of reasons for an employee

or group of employees, e.g.

When a performance appraisal indicates performance improvement is needed.

To "benchmark" the status of improvement so far in a performance

improvement effort.

As part of an overall professional development program.

As part of succession planning to help an employee be eligible for a planned

change in role in the organization.

To "pilot", or test, the operation of a new performance management system.

To train about a specific topic.

GENERAL BENEFITS FROM EMPLOYEE TRAINING AND

DEVELOPMENT

There are numerous reasons for supervisors to conduct training among employees.

These reasons include:

Increased job satisfaction and morale among employees

Increased employee motivation

Increased efficiencies in processes, resulting in financial gain

Increased capacity to adopt new technologies and methods


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Increased innovation in strategies and products

Reduced employee turnover

Enhanced company image, e.g., conducting ethics training.

Risk management, e.g., training about sexual harassment, diversity training

DETERMINATION OF TRAINING NEEDS

In order to determine the training needs of an organization the HRD manager

should seek information on the following points:

a) Whether training is needed?

b) Where training is needed?

c) Which training is needed?

Whether training is needed?

Training result from problems such as:

Standards of work performance not being met;

Accidents;

Excessive scrap;

High rate of transfer and turnover;

Too many low ratings on employee evaluation reports;

Many people using different methods to do the same job;

Excessive fatigue, fumbling, struggling with the job;


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Bottlenecks and deadlines not being met;

In many organizations the determination of training needs is predominantly done

through observations. One common method for recording observations is the check-

list of training needs. It provides for indicating by a Yes or No check.

Where training is needed?

After determining the need for training the manager should determine where the

organization training emphasis can and should be placed. This involves a detailed

analysis of the following factors:

i. Structure of the organization,

ii. Objectives,

iii. Human resource and future plans, and

iv. Cultural milieu.


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Which training is needed?

The last question to be answered by the personnel manager is about the type of

training needed. This involves determining what knowledge, skills or attitudes each

individual employee should develop to be able to perform his task in an effective

way.

The three major skills which the employees of any organization need to successfully

discharge their duties are: the conceptual skill, the human relations skill and the

technical skill. Conceptual skill deals with ideas, technical skill with things and

human skill with people.

WHAT IS GOOD TRAINING

The three typical beneficiaries of a training programme are the managers and

supervisors of trainees, trainees themselves and external customers. Each

beneficiary has his own requirements and perception of what is good training. Thus,

the senior managers and supervisors want training to be low in cost, to increase

employees job performance, to improve their attitudes and morale and to be

minimally disruptive to the work in terms of promotion or compensation. Trainees

want the training to be of high quality which can be easily transferred to the job.


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They want the training venue to be more pleasant than the job venue and expect

training work place to benefit

them personally. Last, though not the least important are external beneficiaries who

want the training to result into high quality products and services, but do not want

training to interfere with the fulfillment of their needs for example, a bank customer

wants high quality customer service from tellers but does not want a trainee teller

to take a few moments longer than usual with a transaction. The HRD manager must

address all the above needs of different beneficiaries throughout the training

process.

METHODS OF TRAINING

No simple formula defines the form of training to be used for a given purpose. The

skills needs of operatives, the size and traditions of the company, the abilities of

trainers, the time and the money available for training and the experience of the

company about the training activities that have been carried on in the past, will

affect the type of training that will be most successful in a given situation.

Nevertheless it will be helpful to indicate briefly the principal alternatives from

which the manager may choose:-


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1) On- the- job training The most important type of training is On- the job

training. The experience of actually doing something makes a lasting

impression and has a reality that other types of training cannot provide. The

worker in this method learns to master the operations involved on the actual

job situation under the supervision of his immediate boss. Some important

advantages of this type of training are as follows :-

a) It can be learned in a relatively short period of time, say, a week or two.

b) It is highly economical.

c) It is not located in an artificial situation, either physically or

psychologically and, therefore, eliminates the possible problem of

transfer of learning.

There are several types of training programmes which make use of on-the-job

training concept. Some of them are described below:-

Job rotation

Internship training

Apprenticeship

2) Vestibule Training: - This method attempts to duplicate on the job situation

in a company classroom training, which is often imparted with the help of

equipment and machines, which are identical with those in use in the place of

work. It is very efficient method of training semiskilled personnel,


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particularly when many employees have to be training for the same kind of

work.

3) Learning by seeing or demonstration method :- In this method , the trainer

describes and display something ,as when he teaches an employee how to do

something by actually performing the activity himself and by going through

step by step explanation of why and how he is doing .

Demonstration are very effective in teaching because it is much easier to

show a person how to do a job then ask him to gather instructions from the

reading materials, discussion etc.

4) Simulation: - Simulation is a technique, which duplicates, as nearly as

possible, the actual conditions encountered on the job. The training is

essential

5) in cases which actual on the job practice might result in a serious injury, a

costly error, or the destruction of valuable materials or resources.

6) Class-room or off-the-job training: - Off-the job training is not a part of

everyday job activity. The actual location may be in the company classroom

or in places which are owned by the company. These methods consists of :-

Lectures

Conferences

Group discussions

Case studies


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Role-playing

Programmed instructions

Laboratory trainings

TRAINING PLAYS THE FOLLOWING ROLES IN AN ORGANIZATION

1) Increase in efficiency: Training plays active role in increasing efficiency of

employees in an organization. Training increases skills for doing a job in

better way. Though an employee can learn many things while he is put on a

job, but he can do much better if he learns how to do the job. This becomes

more important specially in the context of changing technology because the

old method working may not be relevant.

2) Increase in morale of employees: - Morale is a mental condition of an

individual or group, which determines the willingness to cooperate. High

morale is evidenced by employee enthusiasm voluntary conformation with

regulations and willingness to cooperate with others to achieve organizational

objectives. Training increases employee morale by relating their skills with

their job requirements. Trained employees can see job in more meaningful

ways because they are able to relate their kills with job.

3) Reduced Supervision: Trained employees require less supervision. They

require more autonomy and freedom. Such autonomy and freedom can be

given if the employees are trained properly to handle their jobs without the

help of supervision.


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4) Increased organizational viability and flexibility: Trained people are

necessary to maintain organizational viability and flexibility. Viability relates

to survival of the organization during bad days, and flexibility relates to

sustain its effectiveness despite the loss of its key personnel and making

short-term adjustment with the existing personnel. Such adjustment is

possible if the organization has trained people who can occupy the positions

vacated by key personnel.

BENEFITS OF TRAINING

Training benefits the organization in manifold ways: -

1. Benefits to organization: -

Leads to improved profitability and more positive attitudes toward

profit orientation.

Improves the job knowledge and skills at all levels of the organization.

Improves the morale of the workforce.

Helps people identify with organizational goals.

Helps create a better corporate image.

Fosters authenticity, openness, and trust.

Aids in organizational development.


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Learns from the training.

Helps keep costs down in many areas, example production, personnel,

administration etc.

Develops a sense of responsibility to the organization for being

competent and knowledgeable.

Improves labour management relations.

Helps employee adjust to change.

Aids in handling conflict, thereby helping to prevent stress and tension.

2. Benefits to the individual which in turn ultimately benefit the

organization: -

Helps the individual in making better decisions an effective problem

solving.

Through T&D, motivational variables of recognition, achievement,

growth, responsibility and advancement are internalized and

operationalized.

Aids in encouraging and achieving self development and self

confidence.

Helps a person handle stress, tension, frustration and conflict.

Provides information for improving leadership knowledge,

communication skills and attitudes.

Increase job satisfaction and recognition.


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Satisfy personal needs of the trainer.

Helps eliminate fear in attempting new task.

3. Benefits in personnel and human resources:

Improves communication between groups and individual.

Aids in orientation for new employees and those taking new jobs

through transfer and promotion.

Provides information on equal opportunity and affirmative action.

Improves inter personal skills.

Improves morale.

Builds cohesiveness in groups.

Provides a good climate for learning, growth and co ordination.

Makes organization policies, rules and regulations viable.

Makes the organization a better place to work and live.

TRAINING PROCEDURE

1) Identify training needs: - These are certain steps that are performed for

training the employees. The first step is to identify T&D needs. In this step

we arrange and obtain support for the contribution of T&D to organizational

strategy. Then we identify organizational T&D needs. Thereafter we agree


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priorities for developing the T&D function. These sub steps are followed by

identifying the current competence of individuals of individuals and agreeing

individuals and group priorities or learning.

2) Design T&D strategies and plans: - The second step is to design T&D

strategies and plans. In this step first we identify resources required to

implement a strategic plans and specify an operational plan that meets

organizational requirements and further designing learning programs that

meet learning needs and test, adapt and agree learning program designs.

3) Provide learning opportunities resources and support: - The third step is

to provide learning opportunities resources and support. In this we obtain and

allocate resources to meet the requirement of Training and development

plans. Then prepare and present demonstrations and information to co-

ordinate and assist the preparation and delivery of learning opportunities.

4) Evaluate effectiveness of T&D:-Fourth step in training is to evaluate the

effectiveness of T&D, which involves plan setup, evaluate, and modify the

learning plans. Then assess, co-ordinate, verify and identify previously

acquired competence.

Support T&D advances and practice: - And last step is to support T&D

advances and practice. This includes evaluating and disseminating advances in

T&D. Then we administer training facilities and after that establish and

maintain information system


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Block Diagram of Training and Development Procedure:-

Identify Training and

Development Needs

Identify organizational requirements for

T&D

Identify the learning needs of individuals

and groups.

Design T& D strategies and

plans.

Design organizational T&D strategies

and plans

Design strategies to assist individuals and

groups to achieve their objectives.

Provide learning

opportunities, resources and

support

Obtain and allocate resources to deliverT&D plans


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CHAPTER-3

CONCLUSION

Provide learning opportunities and

support to enable individuals and groups

to achieve their objectives

Evaluate the effectiveness of

T& D

Evaluate the effectiveness of T&D

Evaluate individual and group

achievements against objectives.

Assess achievements for public

certification.

Support T &D advances and

practice.

Contribute to advances in T&D

Provide services to support T&D

practice.


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CONCLUSION

I conclude that through proper training an employee can become multi skilled

and this I have practically noticed through my analysis. Thus, training endeavors to

impart knowledge, skill and attitudes necessary to perform job related task.

I have found out that because of the training employees are more able to perform

their work very effectively. By imparting suitable training to employees the

company achieves the target of: -

Low cost

High quality


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Timely delivery

Reliability

Value for money

Customer satisfaction

BIBILIOGRAPHY

1. Rao VSP (2009) HRM, excel publication page no:-123-143

2. Khanka HRM 2nd edition (2003), S.Chand publication page no:-53-70

3. P.Subba Rao, Personnel & HRM,3rd revised & Enlarged Edition, Himalaya

publication page no:-110.

4. K.Aswathapa, HRM 4th edition, Mc Grow Hill publication page no:-

131&155.


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Debasish Das MBA