BOOK NOTICES 65

hended. The author deems the dissemi­nation of this knowledge one of the chief missions of this book, thus help­ing to fortify the conviction that slit-lamp microscopy belongs to the armamentarium of the ophthalmologist in equality with the ophthalmoscope.

In the new book the technique and instrumentarium are fully illustrated and explained in detail and the refine­ments in diagnostic observation made possible with the usual as well as the very narrow slit-beam (optical section) are elucidated.

The findings by intravital staining, deposits, and aberrations within physio­logical limits are studied.

Linea cornea senilis, cornea guttata, and cornea farinata are some of the newly adopted terms and isolated clinical entities among senile changes of the cornea. Pigmentation in its varied phases as well as the great variety of corneal scar manifestations are elaborated on and pictorially as­sembled and classified.

A special chapter is devoted to the ocular manifestations of pseudosclerosis (Wilson's disease). The author has exhaustively elaborated on this subject in many contributions which have ap­peared from time to time in the Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheil-kunde. The results of these investiga­tions, the manifestations of silver and copper impregnation of ocular tissues, are depicted in detail in the atlas.

The complex subject of corneal in­flammations and their varying final manifestations is fully discussed. The clinical characteristics of parenchymat-ous keratitis in all its diversity of de­tail from its incipiency, and its types of vascularization, as well as the varied clinical pictures of remnants, are de­picted in orderly sequence. Among the latter are folds of Descemet's mem­brane, "Glasleisten", as evidences of massive exudates in the anterior cham­ber, permanent vascularization, and the preference of permanent opacities for involving certain corneal parenchymal and delimiting zones. Ephemeral phenomena within the anterior cham­ber and the aqueous in health and

disease are shown and their etiological significance discussed.

A final chapter deals with the effects of trauma, such as contusion, perforat­ing injuries, foreign bodies, and vitre­ous herniae.

Professor Vogt and his collaborators will be congratulated by all progressive ophthalmologists for this wonderful portrayal and analysis of new observa­tions gleaned from an apparently limit­less wealth of clinical material.

The illustrations are evidence of what an artist in conjunction with modern lithography at its best can do in the way of faithful reproduction in colors.

To the ophthalmologist interested in refinements in ocular diagnosis the work dedicates a vast collection of new and characteristic slit-lamp pictures unrolled in panoramic splendor.

Robert Von der Heydt.

Die Zerebrospinalflussigkeit (the cere-brospinal fluid). By Professor Dr. med. V. Kafka, Hamburg-Fried-richsberg. Octavo, 400 pages, with 46 illustrations in the text and 25 tables. Paper covers, 30 marks. Franz Deuticke, Leipzig and Vi­enna, 1930.

This highly scientific work touches only to a very limited degree the domain of ophthalmology, although it will have a special interest for labora­tory workers in problems associated with the chemistry and secretion of the intraocular fluids. Rather from the purely scientific than from the immedi­ately practical point of view, it under­takes a monumental review and summing up of the numerous investiga­tions which have occurred within the limits of the present century with re­gard to the physiology and chemistry of the cerebrospinal fluid.

The author remarks that the the­oretical investigation of the cerebro­spinal fluid is much more important than the current problems of diagnosis, since we still have a great deal to learn concerning physiology and physio-pathology of the central nervous sys­tem as exhibited in the fluid.

66 BOOK NOTICES

This volume has intentionally avoided as much as possible the diag­nostic and other practical questions, and, in contrast with most other works on the subject, merely seeks to set forth the present position of investiga­tion with regard to the fluid and to draw therefrom a series of theoretically important conclusions. For this pur­pose the complete literature of the sub­ject has been surveyed and evaluated; and the magnitude of this undertaking may be understood from the fact that, although the author of this volume has used his own judgment as to selection of significant references, the biblio­graphy which he appends covers eighty-eight large pages.

The author's long acquaintance with this subject thoroughly justifies the em­phasis which he has placed upon his personal views. In spite of its highly technical character, the text is very ele­gantly and readably written.

In the special chapter in which the cerebrospinal fluid is compared with the aqueous humor and also with the laby­rinthine and other fluids, the author remarks that the aqueous resembles the cerebrospinal fluid to the extent that it probably arises from the ciliary processes, the structure of which re­sembles that of the choroidal plexus of the brain ; while the aqueous is perhaps also derived from the choroid, which may possibly be regarded as function­ing like the meninges. But, while the aqueous unquestionably bears a close resemblance to the cerebrospinal fluid, it would be a great mistake to regard the two fluids as identical.

The value of this volume is further enhanced by a careful subject index of twenty-eight pages. W. H. Crisp.

Introduction a l'etude des hyperten­sions oculaires (Introduction to the study of ocular hypertensions). By Georges Bonnefon. 143 pages, with drawings in the text. Stiff paper cover, 45 francs. G. Doin et Cie, Paris, 1931.

This brochure states the author's personal views as to the physiological

basis of normal ocular tension ; and also concerning the value of various medical and surgical procedures employed in the treatment of glaucoma. Bonnefon classifies ocular hypertension under two types: static and -dynamic hyper­tension ; the first occurring without and the second with a departure from the equilibrium between vascular pressure and the pressure of the intraocular fluids. He points out that Graefe's iridectomy does not always cure acute glaucoma, and that Lagrange's sclerec-tomy does not always cure simple glau­coma, and associates these facts with certain exceptions which he establishes as to the treatment of individual cases. He expresses himself against temporiz­ing with the long continued use of drugs in cases which will ultimately re­quire operation and in which the only chance of safety rests in operative inter­vention. IV. H. Crisp.

Das Augenzittem der Bergleute, seine soziale Bedeutung, Ursache, Haufigkeit, und die durch das Zittern bedingten Beschwerden (Miners' nystagmus, its social sig­nificance, cause, frequency, and the difficulties occasioned by the nystagmus). By Professor Dr. M. Bartels and Dr. med. W. Knepper. Octavo, 49 pages, with nineteen illustrations. Paper covers, 6.90 marks. Verlag von Julius Springer, Berlin, 1930. (Issued by the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Gewer-behygiene in Frankfurt a. M.

The senior author is well known for his writings on various social aspects of ophthalmology. In the preface atten­tion is called to the fact that social legislation and medical science are in­separably related to one another, and that only scientifically trained physi­cians can deal with the questions which arise in relation to the etiology of dis­ease and as to payments to be made under the various schemes of social in­surance. Nystagmus is an interesting example of the conditions in which medicine and social economics are closely related,