EuroSun200414. Intern. Sonnenforum

organised by:

ISES EuropeMollegade 54-56 · 6400 Sonderborg · Denmark · www.ises.org

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie e.V.Augustenstraße 79 · 80333 München · Germany · www.dgs.de

PSE GmbH – Forschung Entwicklung MarketingSolar Info Center · 79072 Freiburg · Germany · www.pse.de

supported by:

Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safetywww.bmu.de

City of Freiburg im Breisgauwww.freiburg.de

Freiburg Wirtschaft und Touristik GmbH & Co. KGwww.fwt-online.de

European Copper InstituteAvenue de Tervueren, 168 - box 10 · 1150 Brussels · Belgium · www.eurocopper.org

badenova AG & Co. KGTullastr. 61 · 79108 Freiburg · Germany · www.badenova.de

ISESEUROPE

Copyright

DGS e.V.

PSE GmbH

The editors are not responsible for the accuracy of the claims and statements

made by the authors in the text printed in this publication.

ISBN 3-9809656-4-3

Editors

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie e.V. – DGS, Munich

PSE GmbH – Forschung Entwicklung Marketing, Freiburg

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Foreword

Welcome to Freiburg, the sunny and green solar city.

As chairs of the scientific committee of EuroSun2004 we are very pleased to

present the proceedings of this conference. EuroSun2004 is the fifth in this

series of biannual conferences which this year returns to Freiburg, where the

conference series was initiated in 1996. Again EuroSun will be a successful

meeting, with more than 400 presentations from scientists coming from 60

countries.

A major development since the initial EuroSun in 1996 can be observed in the

importance of an industrial exhibition. While it was a big success to gather

more than 100 companies in 1996, nowadays the solar industry can only be

satisfied with an industrial fair, which is why we are happy to co-ordinate

EuroSun2004 with Intersolar, Europe’s largest international trade fair for solar

technologies.

EuroSun is not restricted to one specific topic but offers a broad overview

about solar and renewable energy. The scientific focus of EuroSun traditional-

ly, if we can speak of tradition at the fifth event, is on solar thermal energy.

This year there is also a strong view on architectural aspects and solar

building technology. Another emphasis is on Photovoltaics despite the very

many other conferences on this topic. But unlike other conferences EuroSun

also offers a forum for market and dissemination strategies, energy policies or

education and training.

In plenary lectures renowned experts will give an overview on the state of the

art of a big variety of topics. Parallel sessions, which have the character of

specialist meetings are a blend of oral and poster presentations and round

table discussions. Additionally EuroSun2004 will be enriched by several com-

plementary events from student workshops to expert meetings.

For a change to the preceding EuroSun conferences the proceedings were

prepared prior to the conference. As one consequence this caused a strict

time schedule which was very demanding for both, authors and the organising

and reviewing team. We hope that the value of having all papers instantly at

hand justifies the effort.

At this point we want to express our gratitude to the members of the scientific

committee and the reviewing team, which consists of experts from all over

Europe for their important contribution to ensure a high quality conference.

Finally we wish to acknowledge the efforts of the organising team, which was

co-ordinated by Sigrid Jannsen, DGS and Andreas Häberle, PSE.

Adolf Goetzberger

Maria Luisa Delgado-Medina

Volker Wittwer

1-005Contents

Topic 01

Solar Thermal Energy (low and medium temperature applications)

Impact of Compact Solar Domestic Hot-water Systems on the Peak

Demand of a Utility Grid in Brazil

Samuel Abreu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-033

Energy Generation with a Photovoltaic Solar Thermal Hybrid System

L. B. Y. Aldabbagh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-041

Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Using Some Obstacles into Thermal

Stratifi cation in Hot Water Tank with Natural Convection

NECDET ALTUNTOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-047

The Effect of the Water Flow Rate into Thermal Stratifi cation in Hot Water

Storage Tanks

NECDET ALTUNTOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-057

The Effect of Using Different Obstacles into Thermal Stratifi cation in Hot

Water Storage Tank with Forced Convection

NECDET ALTUNTOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-066

Investigations of the Solvis Stratifi cation Inlet Pipe for Solar Tanks

Elsa Andersen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-076

Radiant Floor Heating Systems Supplied by Solar Collectors. Thermal

and Economic Analysis

Natale Arcuri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-086

Solstill - A Simulation Program for Solar Distillation Systems

Nguyen The Bao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-096

Feasibility of Solar Hot Water Systems in Vietnam

Nguyen The Bao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-105

Control and Monitoring of Solar Thermal Systems with Networked

Embedded Systems

Rainer Becker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-114

PROMISE - Production with Solar Energy. Study on the Potential of

Solar Thermal Energy Systems in Industry Depending on the Production

Processes

Uwe Begander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-120

Uncertainty Calculation Applied To Different Regression Methods in the

Quasi-Dynamic Collector Test

Hans Georg Beyer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-127

Operational Experience of the Solar Assisted District Heating System in

Hanover-Kronsberg

Michael Bodmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-137

Detailed Numerical Simulation of the Storage Element of an Integrated

Collector Storage (ICS) System

Jordi Cadafalch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-143

Study on Integrated Heating Technique of the Solar Pond

Jinlong Cao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-151

Volume 1 Page

1-006 EuroSun2004

Advanced Solar Dryer for Salt Recovery From Brine Effl uent of

Desalination Med Plant

Manuel Collares-Pereira . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-161

Solar Cooker Incorporating CPC Type Optics and Heat Pipe Technology

Description and Testing

Manuel Collares-Pereira . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-171

Coupled Thermal Fluid Modelling of a Low Embedded Energy Solar

Thermal Collector

Myrrha Corcoran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-178

Parameter Identifi cation for Determining One and Two-dimensional

Temperature Distribution in a Flat Plate Solar Collector

FERNANDO CRUZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-189

Theoretical-Experimental Analysis of an Air-Cooled Thermo-Photovoltaic

Collector

Mario Antonio Cucumo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-199

Numerical Simulations of Differentially Heated Rectangular Air Cavities

Rashmin Damle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-207

Comparison Test of Thermal Solar Systems for Domestic Hot Water

Preparation and Space Heating

Harald Drück . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-214

Advanced Storage Concepts for Solar Combisystems

Harald Drück . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-221

Long-Term Performance and Reliability Evaluation of Three Evacuated

Collectors

William Duff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-226

Comparative Measurements of Two Identical Thermal Solar Systems with

High-fl ow and Low-fl ow Rates

Wolfgang Eisenmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-236

On the Determination of the Effective Thermal Capacity of Solar

Collectors

Wolfgang Eisenmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-243

Heat Transfer in a Conical Cavity Calorimeter to Measure the Thermal

Power of Point Focus Concentrator

Claudio Estrada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-251

Planning of a Hybrid System (Solar Thermal & PV) for Stock Raising in

Romania’s Western Area

Laurentiu Fara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-259

Validation of Measurements Using Additional Test Sequences - an

Extension of the Test Procedure for Solar Collectors

Stephan Fischer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-266

Low Flow SDHW Systems Based on Mantle Tanks - Recent Findings

Simon Furbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-272

Advantages by Discharge from Different Levels in Solar Storage Tanks

Simon Furbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-282

Volume 1 Page

1-007Contents

Measurements of Concentrating Solar Collectors Using A Solar Simulator

with Parallel Light

Helena Gajbert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-292

Investigation of a Solar Powered Desalination System Employing

Regeneration

Isaac Garaway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-300

Novel Concept of Nonimaging Single Refl ection Solar Energy

Concentrator

Dionyz Gasparovsky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-310

Solar-Expert - Expert system for error analysis in thermal solar

installations

Matthias Gebauer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-321

A Solar Oven in the Aim of Reducing Wood Consumption in the Sahel

Amadou Hamadou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-325

FracTherm - Fractal Hydraulic Structures for Energy Effi cient Solar

Absorbers and Other Heat Exchangers

Michael Hermann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-332

Development of Flat-Plate Solar Thermal Collectors Equipped with

Aerogel Sandwiched Absorber

Hiroaki Izumi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-339

Numerical Simulation of the Behaviour of Thermosiphonic Systems

Julian Jaramillo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-345

New Trnsys Model of Evacuated Tubular Collector with Cylindrical

Absorber

Louise Jivan Shah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-355

Impact of Inlet Devices on the Thermal Stratifi cation of a Storage Tank

Ulrike Jordan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-365

Investigation of a Solar Active Glass Facade

Henner Kerskes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-375

Performance Evaluation of Transpired Solar Collector by Using an Indoor

Test Facility

Jin-Soo Kim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-380

Monitoring of Large-Scale Solar Thermal Systems for Domestic Hot

Water Heating

Uta-Maria Klingenberger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-386

Optimisation of the Micro-Climate in Solar Collectors

Michael Köhl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-393

Assessment of Durability and Service Lifetime of some Static Solar

Energy Materials

Michael Köhl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-402

Solar Thermal-Driven Membrane Distillation for Small-Scale Desalination

Plants

Joachim Koschikowski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-412

Volume 1 Page

1-008 EuroSun2004

Experimental Convection Heat Transfer Coeffi cient on a Horizontal

Surface Exposed to the Natural Environment

Detlev Kröger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-422

Fighting the Discount Trend: New Low-Flow-Stratifi cation Tank for

Heating Domestic Hot Water

Ulrich Leibfried . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-431

End-Side Pumped Solar Laser by Fused Silica Light Guides

Dawei Liang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-437

Preliminary Results of Heat Retention in an Integrated Collector-storage

Solar Water Heater

Amos Madhlopa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-443

Autonomous Low-Temperature Solar Rankine Cycle System for Reverse

Osmosis Desalination

Dimitris Manolakos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-453

Facade Solar Collectors

Tomas Matuška . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-460

Loop Heat Pipes - Highly Effi cient Heat-Transfer Devices for Systems of

Sun Heat Supply

Yu. Maydanik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-470

Advanced Solar Glazing Using Micro-Structured Low-e Coatings

Martin Meier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-477

Façade Integration of Polymeric Solar Collectors with Coloured

Absorbers

Michaela Georgine Meir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-484

Evacuated Tube Collector Using Novel Non-Imaging Optics

David Mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-494

Colourface - Coloured Collector Facades for Solar Heating Systems and

Building Insulation

Thomas Müller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-500

Solar Assisted District Heating System with Seasonal Duct Heat Store in

Neckarsulm-Amorbach (Germany)

Janet Nußbicker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-509

Estimating the Performance of a PV Driven Fan in a Solar Air Heating

System

Naser Odeh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-518

Design of a Single-Axis Tracking Parabolic Collector for Moderate

Temperature Applications

Saad Odeh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-527

Performance of A Solar Box Cooker-Cum-Dryer

Rekha Patel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-533

New Pumping Confi guration for Nd:YAG Solar Laser by Optical Fibers

Bernardes Pedro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-541

What Has Been Wrong with the PV/T Technology

Michele Pellegrino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-551

Volume 1 Page

1-009Contents

The Brazilian Testing Program for Solar Water Heating Equipment

Elizabeth M.D. Pereira . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-557

Natural Convection in Large, Rectangular and Inclined Air Cavities with

Parallel Slats Inside

Marcos Quispe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-566

Solar Assisted District Heating System with Seasonal Hot Water Heat

Store in Friedrichshafen

Stefan Raab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-576

A Simple Multi-Compound Solar Concentrator Intended to Improve the

Performance of Flat Plate Solar Arrays

Eduardo Rincón- Mejía . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-586

Numerical Studies on the Optimization and Design of PCM-Water Hybrid

Storage Tanks

Ivette Rodríguez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-595

Thermal Stratifi cation Improvements in Thermal Storage Tanks:

Numerical Analysis of Directed Inlet Mass Flow Rates Strategies

Ivette Rodríguez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-602

Experimental Investigations on the Stagnation Behaviour of Single

Collector Modules and Conclusions on the Behaviour of Complete

Collector Fields

Matthias Rommel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-611

Overview on new Developments of Solar Thermal Collectors for the

Temperature Range of 80 to 250 °C

Matthias Rommel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-617

Outline of the Joint Research Project of SWT, ZfS, ISFH and FhG-ISE:

Analysis and Evaluation of Large Thermal Solar “Combi-Systems“

Amaya Schenke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-626

The Central Solar Heating Plant with Aquifer Thermal Energy Store in

Rostock - Results after Four Years of Operation

Thomas Schmidt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-631

Heat of Fusion Storage Systems for Combined Solar Systems in Low

Energy Buildings

Jørgen M. Schultz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-638

Solar Thermal Desalination Systems with Multi-layer Heat Recovery

Klemens Schwarzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-647

Simple Solar Systems for Heating, Hot Water and Cooking in High

Altitude Regions with High Solar Radiation

Klemens Schwarzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-653

Micro-V Covering Materials with High Light Transmittance for Solar

Collectors

Piet J. Sonneveld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-659

Comparison of Solar Hot Water Systems in Solar Settlements -

Decentralized or Centralized Systems?

Frank Späte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-666

Volume 1 Page

1-010 EuroSun2004

Solar Drying of Chillies - A Viable Alternative to Conventional Drying

A. Sreekumar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-672

Thermal Accumulation in Solar Systems for Hot Water

Anton Stoilov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-678

Irradiance Sensors for Solar Systems

Alexander Storch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-687

Energy Payback Time - A Key Number for the Assessment of Thermal

Solar Systems

Elke Streicher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-695

Sensitivity of System Parameters of Solar Combisystems - Analysis of

Simulated Systems of IEA SHC Task 26

Wolfgang Streicher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-705

Energy Savings for Solar Heating Systems

Alexander Thür . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-715

Design Investigation and Evaluation of Low Cost Line Concentrated

Solar Cooker

Sarvoththama Jothi Thuruvas J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-725

A Review on Solar-Assisted Heat Pump Systems for Domestic Heating

Christoph Trinkl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-734

Application Aspects of Hybrid PVT/AIR Solar Systems

Yiannis Tripanagnostopoulos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-744

Modeling and Simulation of Solar Systems Employing Collectors with

Colored Absorber

Yiannis Tripanagnostopoulos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-754

A Study of Transient Phase-Change Heat Transfer During Charging and

Discharging of the Latent Thermal Energy Storage Unit

Anica Trp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-763

A Small PV-Module for 3.6 kW (thermal) Stand-Alone Solar Oven Tracking

System

J. Antonio Urbano Castelán . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-773

Tracking Systems for Solar Energy Conversion Devices

ION VISA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-781

Experimental Study on Achieving Salt from Seawater by Using Solar

Chimney and Porous Materials

Yiping Wang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-789

Application of Solar Flat Plate Collector in Automobile Industry

Prabhakar Wawge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-798

Study of Variations in Optical Effi ciency for a Direct-Flow Evacuated Tube

Collector with Relation to Incident Irradiance, Mass Flow and Slope

Tommy Williamson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-807

Use of Plastics as Structural Material for Solar-Thermal Flat Plate

Collectors

Wilfried Zörner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-814

Volume 1 Page

1-011Contents

Topic 02

Solar Thermal Power Plants

Solar-Hybrid Gas Turbine Plants: Status and Perspective

Reiner Buck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-822

Technical Aspects of Creating Surfaces Illuminated with an Homogenous

Flux in Solar Concentrating Systems

Damien Buie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-832

Saturated Steam Process with Direct Steam Generating Parabolic

Troughs

Markus Eck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-839

Solar Concentrator Electric Station

Suren Geruni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-849

Development of a MaReCo-Hybrid for Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm

Anna Helgesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-853

Development of a New Support Structure for Parabolic Trough Collectors

VC1 (Full Surface Collector)

Erwin Hölle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-859

The Progress of the AndaSol Projects in Spain

Rainer Kistner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-864

Solar Tower Power Plant Performance Characteristics

Detlev G. Kröger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-870

Combined Solar Heat and Power - A Future Solar Option?

Dirk Krüger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-880

A New Receiver for Parabolic Trough Collectors

Thomas Kuckelkorn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-885

Development and Experimental Results of Thermal Energy Storage

Technologies for Parabolic Trough Power Plants

Doerte Laing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-891

Fresnel-Collectors in Hybrid Solar Thermal Power Plants with High Solar

Shares

Hansjörg Lerchenmüller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-901

Optimisation of Cost and Effi ciency in Concentrated Solar Power

Technology Through Quality Control in Large Production Series for Solar

Fields

Eckhard Lüpfert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-911

Geometry Optimization of Fresnel-Collectors with Economic Assessment

Max Mertins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-918

Design of a 240 MWe Solar Thermal Power Plant

David Mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-926

Experimental Study of the Temperatures Distribution inside Metallic

Monoliths used as Volumetric Solar Absorbers

Silvia Palero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-934

Volume 1 Page

1-012 EuroSun2004

Combination of Solar Heat and Fossil Steam Power Plants: Process

Dynamics

Kolja Roth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-944

Design Parameters Infl uence on Flux Distribution Through Prismatic

Channels of Volumetric Absorbers

Marcelino Sánchez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-953

SHS and CSE, a Twinned Saving Energy Process

Alfonso J. Vázquez-Vaamonde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-963

Maximum Fluid Power Condition in Solar Chimney Power Plants - An

Analytical Approach

Theodor Willem von Backström . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-968

Automation of Solar Plants

Luis Jose Yebra Muñoz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-978

Volume 1 Page

1-013Contents

Topic 03

Solar Cooling

Development of the Thermo Chemical Accumulator (TCA)

Chris Bales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-033

Experimental Study of a Liquid Desiccant System for Solar Cooling and

Dehumidifi cation

Khaled Gommed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-043

Modeling of Heat and Mass Transfer in Parallel Plate Liquid-Desiccant

Dehumidifi ers

Lúcio Mesquita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-051

Performance Analysis of R123 and R134-a Cooling Cycles Powered by a

Flat Solar Collector

Kamal Mohammedi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-061

An Advanced Solar Assisted Sorption Cycle for Building Air-

Conditioning: The ECOS Potential and Performance Assessment

Mario Motta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-069

Modeling and Simulation of a Solar-Assisted Absorption Cooling System

Teclemariam Nemariam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-077

SolarChill - a Solar PV Refrigerator without Battery

Søren Poulsen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-087

Optimization of a Small-Scale Solar-Driven Ejector Refrigeration System

Wimolsiri Pridasawas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-093

Small Capacity Water/Lithium Bromide Absorption Chiller for Solar

Cooling Applications

Mathias Safarik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-103

Detailed Monitoring Results of the First Thermally Solar Autonomous Air

Conditioning System in Germany

Lena Schnabel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-113

Performance of a No-Valve Solar Adsorption Ice-Maker

K. Sumathy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-123

Design and Planning Support for Solar Assisted Air Conditioning:

Guidelines and Tools

Edo Wiemken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-129

Study on the Passive Cooling Methods by the Evaporation and Solar

Refl ection on the Rooftop in a Temperate Climate Region

Seonghwan Yoon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-139

Volume 2 Page

1-014 EuroSun2004

Topic 04

Architecture and Design, Day Lighting

Innovative Bidirectional Video-Goniophotometer Combining

Transmission and Refl ection Measurements

Marilyne Andersen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-149

The Tales of Three Museums

Liliana Beltran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-158

A Survey of Contrast Reducing Materials and Methods

Regina Bokel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-168

World Wide Best Practices for Building Integration of Solar Heating

Systems

Lex Bosselaar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-175

Daylight in Underground (Exposition) Spaces

Truus (G.J.) de Bruin-Hordijk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-180

Advanced Solar Facades with Integrated Collectors-Accumulators for

Domestic Hot Water and Space Heating Applications

Debora Faggembauu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-190

A Mediterranean House Designed with the Whole Building Approach

Patricia Ferro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-200

Design, Building Integration and Performance of a Hybrid Solar Wall

Element

Andreas Fieber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-209

Extending the Skylight-Dimensioning Method

Levente Filetoth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-219

A New Perspective for the Concept of the Discomfort Glare Index

Sebastian Goelz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-229

Case Study of a Not-So-Ordinary Building - The Cowra Shire

Administration Building ESD Refurbishment

Mahalath Halperin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-236

Proven Designs for Very Low Energy Housing - Swiss Experience

Robert Hastings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-243

Natural Ventilation for Controlling the Indoor Microclimate

Francesco Iannone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-251

A Comparative Analysis of Sustainable Buildings and Projects

Demet IRKLI ERYILDIZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-260

Natural Ventilation in Buildings - Architectural Concepts, Consequences

and Possibilities

Tommy Kleiven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-271

Use of Solar Volume in Design of Site Layout

Ziva Kristl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-280

Contemporary vs. Traditional vs. Solar Houses

Petros Lapithis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-287

Volume 2 Page

1-015Contents

Experimental Investigation on the Enhanced Thermal and Visual Comfort

with a Prismatic Solar Hybrid Collector

Euy-Joon Lee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-294

A New Building as a CO2 Sink - Wooden Parish Centre with a

Regenerative Energy Supply

Florian Lichtblau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-300

Heating Demand Reduced by 90 percent - Substantial Renovation of the

Existing Building Stock with Vacuum Insulation Panels

Florian Lichtblau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-306

Daylighting Design by Means of a Scanning Sky Simulator: Applications

to Different Typologies of Daylighting Systems

Valerio Roberto Maria LO VERSO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-312

the Infl uence of Photovoltaic Modules’ Usage on the Inner Space

Environment and its Architectural Consequences

Janusz Marchwiñski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-323

Daylighting Measurements and Comparisons with Calculation Methods

Valerio Marinelli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-331

Daylight Illumination with Fuzzy&Conventional Approach -

Experimentation on Real Mofel

Trobec Lah Mateja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-341

Impact of New Developments on the Integration into Facades of Solar

Thermal Collectors

MariaCristina Munari-Probst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-351

Earth House with Utilization of Solar Energy

Akos Nemcsics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-358

The Lighting Project By Means of Photovoltaic Daylight Factor

Michele Pellegrino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-362

Why are New “Direct Gain” Dwellings Underperforming in Scotland?

Colin D. A. Porteous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-370

A New Solution for the Architectural Integration

Jean-Marc Robin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-376

Guidelines for Energy Effi cient Refurbishment of Primary Schools at

Catania (Italy)

Alessandro Rogora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-386

Simplifi ed Representation of the Radiant Pattern in Urban Environment

Alessandro Rogora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-393

Estimation of the Annual Potential for Increased Solar Energy Utilisation

and Daylight Availability by Introducing Anti-Refl ective Coatings on

Low-e Windows

Tobias Rosencrantz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-399

Effi cient Building Design for Very Low Energy Housing

Christel Russ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-405

Volume 2 Page

1-016 EuroSun2004

Microencapsulted Phase Change Materials Integrated into Construction

Materials

Peter Schossig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-413

Thermal Performance of Historical Buildings: A Case Study of Lucknow

Anupama Sharma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-422

Structural Effects on Daylighting

Friedrich Sick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-431

Use of Vegetation to Reduce Overheating in Singular and Conventional

Buildings - GREENFACADE Project

Manel Soria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-439

Tropical House Design: Active, Passive or Both?

Rosangela Tenorio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-446

Analysing Sources of Error in Building Daylighting Performance

Assessment by Comparison of Test Modules and Scale Models

Anothai Thanachareonkit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-454

Daylight Simulations with Advanced Software Tools: The Case Study of a

University Library in Pisa

Giuseppe Tuoni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-463

Sun-Protecting and Light-Redirecting Glazing Based on Cylinders

Stephan Vidi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-473

Combination of microstructures and optically functional coatings for

solar control glazing

Günther Walze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-481

LACASA - An Instrument for the Energetic Analysis and Optimization of

Buildings Including Technical Equipment

M. Werner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-489

Evaluation of Models for the Angular Variation of Solar Absorptance In

Windows

Anna Werner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-495

On the Evaluation of Visual Performances of Obstructed Glass Panes

Michele Zinzi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-505

Volume 2 Page

1-017Contents

Topic 05

Energy Effi cient Buildings, Hydrogen Systems,

Heat Pumps,Technical Building Components

Advanced Technological Solutions for Building Load Reduction in the

Sino-Italy Environment and Energy Building (SIEEB)

Rajendra Singh Adhikari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-514

Preliminary Study of Small Scale Solar Test Cells for Solar Thermal

Evaluation of Building Components

Gabriela Alvarez-Garcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-522

Investigation of the Performance of a Double Skin Facade with Integrated

Photovoltaic Panels

Andreas K. Athienitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-529

Analysis of a Combined System of a Earth-Heat-Exchanger and a Heat

Pump

Klaus Brinkmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-537

Innovative Commercial Buildings in Upper Austria

Christiane Egger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-546

Development of a High Energy Density Sorption Storage System

Günter Gartler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-550

Microencapsulated Paraffinin Phase-Change-Slurries

Stefan Gschwander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-560

Electrosorption Phenomena in Layers of Shield-Vacuum Heat Insulation

of Hydrogen Reservoirs in Emergency Operating Conditions

Alexander Leonidovich, Gusev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-567

The Combination of Solar Thermal Collectors and Heat Pumps in a

Compact Unit for Passive Houses

Bernd Hafner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-587

Solar Utilization in Low-Energy Buildings

Frank-Dietrich Heidt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-591

Summer 2003: Impacts on the Design of Active and Passive Cooling

Sebastian Herkel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-600

Studies of a Heat Pump Using Dual Heat Sources of Solar Heat and

Ambient Air

Sadasuke Ito . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-609

Application of Dynamic Analysis to Obtain the U Value of the Main Walls

of a Mono-Zone Building, from In-Situ Measurements

María José Jiménez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-616

Solar Design Aspects of the Renewable Energy Centre and Interim

Findings

David Lloyd Jones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-622

Solar Roof Spansko-Croatia

Ljubomir Majdandzic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-631

Volume 2 Page

1-018 EuroSun2004

Albertslund Library, Denmark - Optimisation of Indoor Daylight and

Thermal Climate Conditions and use of Fan-Assisted Natural Ventilation

in a Public Library

Bruno Nielsen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-639

Combination of Heatpumps and Solarsystems - Possibilites and Limits

Ralf-Rainer Nolte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-647

Thermal Analysis of an Energy Effi cient Building in the Mediterranean

Region by Means of Simulation and Monitoring: A Preliminary Study

Beatriz Porcar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-649

Using ANNs to Predict Cooling Requirements for Residential Buildings

Matheos Santamouris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-659

Feasibility of a Sorption Gas Heat Pump/Solar Chiller for Houses

Anton B. Schaap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-668

Summer Cooling by Earth-to-Water Heat Exchangers: Experimental

Results and Optimisation by Dynamic Simulation

Giulio Solaini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-678

User Friendly Heating Systems for Low Energy and Passive Multi Family

Buildings

Wolfgang Streicher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-687

Energy Performance of Advanced Screen Walls with Microventilated Air

Duct

Giuseppe Tuoni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-696

Energy Effi ciency in Commercial Buildings - Experiences and Results

from the German Funding Program Solarbau

Andreas Wagner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-704

Application Demonstration and Performance of a Cellulose Triacetate

Polymer Film Based Transparent Insulation Wall Heating System

Gernot Wallner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-713

TRNFOW and Improvements on the Capabilities of TRNSYS 16

Torsten Welfonder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-719

Volume 2 Page

1-019Contents

Topic 06

Materials for Solar Energy Conversion

Infl uence of the Radiative Exchange in the Heat Transfer of a Cubic

Cavity with Semitransparent Wall Using Room Temperature Conditions

Gabriela Alvarez-Garcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-728

Characterisation of TiO2 Layers for Three Dimensional Solar Cells

Duta Capra Anca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-737

Comparison of Heat and Mass Transfer in Three Adsorption Solar

Reactors

El Hassan AROUDAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-743

Novel Durable Solution-Chemically derived Spectrally Selective

Absorbers

Tobias Boström . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-755

Dielectric Interference Layers for Solar Thermal Collectors

Jamila Boudaden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-765

Assessment of Durability and Service Lifetime of Some Static Solar

Energy Materials

Bo Carlsson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-774

Optical, Structural and Kinetic Properties of a New Photoelectrochromic

Device

Anneke Georg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-784

Micro-Structured Surfaces for Solar Applications - An Overview

Andreas Gombert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-792

Electrochromic Devices: Improving the Performance and Colour

Properties

Claes Göran Granqvist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-799

Towards Corrosion Testing of Unglazed Solar Absorber Surfaces in

Simulated Acid Rain

Petri Konttinen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-809

Lanthanide Oxides Doped Titania as Photocatalysts in Solar Hydrogen

Generation

Marek Laniecki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-819

Selective Optical Oxide Thin Films Obtained on Copper Sheets by Spray

Pyrolysis

Dietmar Leinen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-825

Novel Material for Electrochemical Solar Cell

Ákos Nemcsics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-831

Structure Optimization According to a 3D Model Applied on Epitaxial Si

Solar Cells

Vasiliki Perraki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-835

Measurement of Angle-Dependent Properties of Different Solar

Protection Devices

Werner J. Platzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-842

Volume 2 Page

1-020 EuroSun2004

Antirefl ective Coating ZnO/ZnS for Solar Cell Obtained by Chemical

Spray Pyrolysis. Infl uence of the Precursors

Jose Ramos-Barrado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-852

Designing Thin Film Multilayers for Colored Glazed Thermal Collectors

Andreas Schüler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-858

Super Insulating Aerogel Glazing

Jørgen M. Schultz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-867

Theoretic and Experimental Studies on Development of

Photodissociation Laser Pumped by Solar Light

Leonid M. Vinogradskiy, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-875

Delamination Behavior of Multi-layer Films for PV Encapsulation

Purposes

Gernot Wallner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-883

Surface Design of Sky Radiators Using Diffractive Grating Structures

Hiroo YUGAMI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-889

Volume 2 Page

1-021Contents

Topic 07

PV Systems and PV Cells

Optimization of MIS/IL Solar Cells Parameters Using Genetic Algorithm

S. H. Alaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-033

Solar Glasses with Industrial Antirefl ection Coatings: Evaluation of

Photovoltaic Yearly Energy Yield Gain and Market Perspectives

Christophe Ballif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-041

Reduction of Breakage Losses in Silicon-Cell Processing - Investigations

towards an Optimization of Manufacturing Processes

Joachim Beinert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-050

Autonomous PV-Hybrid System with Electrolyser and Fuel Cell:

Operating Experience

Jochen Benz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-058

A Robust Model for the MPP Performance of Different Types of PV-

Modules Applied for the Performance Check of Grid Connected Systems

Hans Georg Beyer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-064

Silicon Heterojunction Cells: A Breakthrough in Photovoltaics

Julio Cárabe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-072

Intelligent Performance Check of PV System Operation Based on Satellite

Data

Anja Drews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-079

Models for PV/Wind Hybrid Power Generating System

Mustafa Engin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-086

Development of a 10 kWp Photovoltaic Grid Connected System - Design

of PV Arrays and Data Logging

Istvan Farkas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-094

An Optimal Sizing Modeland Simulations Method of a Photovoltaic

System for Family House Sited in Rural Area

Istvan Farkas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-103

Advantages by Utilizing Antirefl ection Treated Glass Covers for PV

Modules

Simon Furbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-112

Reliability and Safety of Autonomous Electric Energy Supply Systems

Dieter Gabel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-122

Performance Assessment of Interconnected Power Systems Including

Distributed Generation Under Voltage Collapse Problem

Fadia M.A. Ghali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-129

Testing of an Innovative Small Size Hybrid PV-Fuel Generator

Nicolò Giancaspro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-137

Determination of the Infl uence of Encapsulation Methods on the

Magnitude of Thermal Interfacial Resistances in Photovoltaic Modules

Chris J. Gibbons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-143

Volume 3

1-022 EuroSun2004

Development of a Monitoring System for of a PV Solar Plant

Gerardo Gordillo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-153

Spatial Distribution of Light Absorption in Organic Photovoltaic Devices

Dieter P. Gruber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-159

Optimization of Quantum Well Parameters for High Effi ciency AlxGa1-

xAs/Ga As Solar Cells

Alaa Hafez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-169

DGS Hallmark for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems - Quality Control

and Guaranteed Yield

Claudia Hemmerle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-176

Finding New Concepts for Building Integrated Photovoltaics

Käthe Hermstad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-182

Convective Cooling of Photovoltaics

Eoin Hodge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-189

Development of Test Procedures for Benchmarking Components in

Renewable Energy Systems Applications, in Particular Energy Storage

Systems

Rudi Kaiser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-197

Towards Mature Design of PV Powered Products

Sioe Yao KAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-206

Solar Cells by Polyacetylene Films

Ernest Kazarian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-216

Large Scale Rooftop Photovoltaics Grid Connected System at

Charoenphol-Rama I Green Building

Nipon Ketjoy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-219

Prediction and Modeling Signals From the Monitoring of Stand-Alone

Photovoltaic Systems Using An Adaptive Neural Network Model

Adel MELLIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-224

A New Model for Sizing of Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems Using

Neural Network Adaptive Frame Wavelet

Adel MELLIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-231

Micro Prisms and Buried Nano-Electrodes - Cell Architectures for

Organic Solar Cells

Michael Niggemann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-240

Electro Magnetic Compatibility for the BIPV

Michele Pellegrino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-247

FORUM SOLAR: A Large PV Pergola for FORUM 2004

Oscar Perpiñán . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-259

Current Mechanisms in Thin Film CdS-TdTe solar cells Fabricated by

CMBD

Takhir M. Razykov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-264

Universal Energy Supply Protocol (UESP)

Werner Roth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-267

Volume 3 Page

1-023Contents

Gauging PV-Hybrid Systems Sustainability

Aharon Roy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-273

Cooling of Photovoltaic Cells under Concentrated Illumination: A Review

Anja Royne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-280

Promoting Photovoltaics in Brazil - LABSOLAR’s Activities

Ricardo Rüther . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-290

A Novel Module Concept for High Effi cient Device Integrated Solar Cells

Helge Schmidhuber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-300

A New Approach to Achieve Uniform Illumination on the Receiver of a

Concentrating Solar Collector

Philipp Schramek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-308

Photovoltaic Systems for Road Lighting: Experimental Characterisation

of Battery for Yearly Behaviour Simulation

Filippo Spertino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-318

Fuel Cells for Distributed Power Supply at the “Rappenecker Hof”

Andreas Steinhüser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-324

Obtaining of Silicon for Solar Cells with Application of Solar Heating in

Big Solar Furnaces

Dmitry Strebkov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-330

Global Solar Power System

Dmitry Strebkov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-336

Research of Functioning of a Class of U-shaped Stationary

Concentrators

Dmitry Semenovich Strebkov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-344

Stand Alone PV System to Supply Swimming Pool Water Treatment

Installation

Henryka Danuta Stryczewska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-350

Silicon Multi-Junctional Solar Cells with Vertical P-N Junctions:

Evolution, Technology, Applications and New Opportunities

Igor Tyukhov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-357

Spatial Solar Cells Performance and Technology Optimization

Juras Ulbikas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-367

Layout of Building Integrated PV Systems

Nicolaas J. C. M. van der Borg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-373

Gathering data on the Energy to be Harvested with Portable Consumer

Products, Method and Equipment

Menno Veefkind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-379

PV and Architecture - Solar City Copenhagen

Peder Vejsig Pedersen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-386

Hybrid PV System with Mini-Grid in the Rural Area of Ginostra

Giovanni Viglianesi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-396

Grid Connected PV Systems in Saxony: A Ten Years Review

Ingo Voigtländer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-401

Volume 3 Page

1-024 EuroSun2004

Internal Series Resistance Measurement of only One IV-Curve under

Illumination

Andreas Wagner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-408

Thermal Modeling of Solar Cells Immersed in Dielectric Liquid

Yiping Wang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-414

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1-025Contents

Topic 08

Biomass

Assessment of Technical and Economical Potential of Biomass

Exploitation in Sicily - A GIS Based Methodology

Marco Beccali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-422

Perspectives of Russian Bio-Fuels Export to the European Union

V. G. Chirkov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-431

Heat Losses and Thermal Performance of Commercial Combined Solar

and Pellet Heating Systems

Frank Fiedler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-437

Installation of Fermentation from the Biomass into Basis of Electric

Osmosis

Ernest Kazarian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-447

Alternative Household Waste Management

Akos Nemcsics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-451

Cold Flow Analysis of Biomass Based Slurry in Oil Fired Furnace Using

CFD-Tool

SV PRAKASH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-453

Biomass Yield and Fuel Characteristics of Short-Rotation Coppice

(Willow, Poplar, Empress Tree)

Reinhold Vetter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-462

Volume 3 Page

1-026 EuroSun2004

Topic 09

Market and Dissemination Strategies, Energy Policies

Solar Energy in Sicily and the Regional Energy Master Plan: Lessons

Learnt and Proposals for Future Policies

Marco Beccali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-468

Encouraging the Use of Renewable Energy Sources in the

Implementation of the EU Energy Performance Building Directive

Milou Beerepoot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-478

Cost Minimum for a European/Transeuropean Electricity Supply Entirely

with Renewable Energies

Gregor Czisch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-488

Assessment of Market Possibilities for Solar Cells

Slavisa Djukanovic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-508

Solar Upper Austria - A Shining Example for Europe

Christiane Egger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-516

Risk Transfer during the Life Cycle of Photovoltaic Systems

Michael Haerig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-521

Photovoltaic Facility Fuerth-Atzenhof

Johann Gerdenitsch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-527

Existing Resources and the Potential for Solar Energy Installations in the

Urban Area of Fuerth

Johann Gerdenitsch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-530

Solar Energy in the Canton of Geneva (Switzerland) Assessment of the

Solar Energy Resources and Setting-up of a Public Multi-Stakeholder

Strategy for the Promotion of Solar Energy

Marcel Gutschner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-534

Solar ElectriCity Guide for Municipalities Implementing Photovoltaics in

the Local Urban Environment-The Swiss Editions

Marcel Gutschner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-544

PV-NORD - Paving the Way for Building Integrated PV in Northern Europe

Dan Engström . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-550

Solar Collective Systems in the Housing Industry

Frank Heunemann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-558

Overview of Solar Energy Developments in Georgia

Bidzina Kekelia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-563

Estimating the Ecological Footprint of the Heat Island Effect over Athens,

Greece

Giouli Mihalakakou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-572

Bringing Buildings to the Carbon Marketplace

Helen Mulligan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-579

Volume 3 Page

1-027Contents

Promotion of Sustainable Forms of Renewable Energy Key to Poverty

Eradiction Strategies Among Poor People in Rural Areas Of Kenya - A

Call for Support

Joseph Mutitu Ndegwa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-589

Financing PV Solar Home Systems; A Market Intervention Model from a

Case Study in India

Jyoti Prasad Painuly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-594

Integrating PV into Performance Contracts: Barriers and Trends

Wilson H. Rickerson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-603

Environmental Standards for Fuel-Assisted Renewable Energy Systems

Aharon Roy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-612

CHP Plants in Residential Buildings: Environmental Potential and

Economic Feasibility when Combined with Thermal Solar Systems

Benoit Sicre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-620

Renewable Energy Policy in Poland

Malgorzata Wolna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-628

Volume 3 Page

1-028 EuroSun2004

Topic 10

Education Concepts

Solar Thermal Energy as a Topic in Secondary Mathematics Classrooms

Astrid Brinkmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-636

Experiences with Future Energy Issues as Project Topics for Upper

Grade Students - A Case Study

Birgit Brinkmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-646

ESES, a Mater’s Program in Solar Energy Engineering at Dalarna

University

Lars Broman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-651

Solar Energy Education Project for Schools

Dorota Chwieduk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-655

A Highly Innovative, High Temperature, High Concentration, Solar Optical

System at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century. The Pyrheliophoro.

Manuel Collares-Pereira . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-661

Training Guides Developed within the TREN-LdV Project

Laurentiu Fara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-673

Experiences Gained with the Realisation of the Summer Academy of

Mediterranean Solar Architecture (SAMSA) in Italy

Patricia Ferro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-680

Closing the Experience Gap in the Field of PV Energy with Training of

Social, Technical, Financial and Business Management Skills

Sebastian Goelz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-687

Developing a Training Line on Renewable Energy Systems

Visa Ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-693

The European Master in Renewable Energy - Educating Renewable

Energy Engineers

Katharina Krell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-700

The Sun Emulator: A Means for Achieving the Widespread Acceptance of

Solar Responsive Design

Norbert Lechner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-707

Solar Cell Related Education at the College of Engineering Budapest

Akos Nemcsics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-715

Solar Education Combining Art, History, Science and Technology at

Archaeological Sites in Italy

Cesare Silvi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-720

Post-Graduate Training in Renewable Energies at Kassel University

Klaus Vajen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-729

Renewable Energy Engineering

Viktor Wesselak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-735

Volume 3 Page

1-029Contents

Topic 11

Energy Meteorology

Estimation of Downward Solar Irradiance from Meteosat Data

Radia Aboura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-738

The Infl uence of the Solar Radiation Model on the Calculated Solar

Radiation From a Horizontal Surface to a Tilted Surface

Elsa Andersen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-747

Diffuse Solar Irradiance and Atmospheric Turbidity

Frank Bason . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-757

Accuracy Improvement of Irradiation Data by Combining Ground and

Satellite Measurements

Jethro Betcke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-764

Assessing satellite Derived Irradiance Information for South America

within the UNEP Resource Assessment Project SWERA

Hans Georg Beyer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-771

Solar Yield Estimation Based on Internet Web Service

Stefan Bofi nger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-780

General Characterisation of the Solar Radiation Behaviour in

Mozambique

Boaventura C. Cuamba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-786

On the prediction of Natural Ventilation Rates in Urban Environment

Chrissa Georgaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-797

Determination of Reliable Site-Specifi c Solar Irradiation Data

Norbert Geuder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-805

Soiling of Irradiation Sensors And Methods for their Correction

Norbert Geuder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-815

Review of Global Insolation Prediction Models Assessed on Measured

Data for Greece

Socrates N. Kaplanis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-822

Long-term Variability of Solar Radiation Derived from Satellite Data

Sina Lohmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-831

Short Term Forecasting of Solar Radiation Based on Satellite Data

Elke Lorenz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-841

Data Acquisition Set-Up for Atmospheric Monitoring at UKZN and NTNU

Meena Lysko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-849

Solar Energy Mining: High resolution Meteosat-based Service for Solar

Radiation Products for Europe, Africa and Asia

Richard Meyer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-857

Slope Irradiance Modelling for Scotland

Naser Odeh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-864

A New Technique for Qualifying Input Data for Building Statistical Models

for Satellite-derived Hourly irradiances

Jesus Polo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-871

Volume 3 Page

1-030 EuroSun2004

Power Flow Estimation for Future Solar Electricity Grids

Christian Reise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-879

Quality Control of Climate Data Sets

Barbara Ridley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-889

Structure of Solar Radiation at High Latitudes

Teolan Tomson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-899

A Locally Adaptable Clear Sky Model for Calibration of Global Radiation

Data from Field Pyranometers

Bjørn J. Wachenfeldt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-905

HelioClim: A Long-Term Database on Solar Radiation for Europe and

Africa

Lucien Wald . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-916

SoDa: A Web Service on Solar Radiation

Lucien Wald . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-921

Volume 3 Page