Figure 1.2

Figure 1.3

Figure 1.4

Figure 1.5

Electrode

Stim ulus

D ata Recorder

Stimulus Cell Response

Figure 1.6

Emitters

Detectors

Figure 1.7

Figure 1.8

C a me ra In p u t

C o mp u te r

D isp la y o u tp u t

V isu a l Sce n e

80 83 90 95 20 20 19 19

81 88 89 99 10 12 14 15

75 63 64 80 32 11 12 13

Figure 1.9

Figure 1.10

R e ce p to rs

In te rm e d ia teNe u ro n s

In te rm e d ia teNe u ro n s

T h a la m u s

P r im a ryC o r te x

S e co n d a ryC o r te x

S e n se O rg a n

S e n so ry Pa th wa y

B ra in

Hig h e r C o r te x

Figure 1.11

Stimulus Cell Response

Receptive Field

Figure 1.12

S tim ulus

C ortica lActiv ity

Right V isual F ie ld

S tria te C ortex o fLeft Hem isphere

B ased on T oote ll et a l. (1982)

Figure 1.13

Figure 1.14

Figure 1.15

Figure 1.16

Figure 1.17

Size

SmallFlight

Undulating

Behaviour

Flits, hopsBody

Throat: crimsonW ings: black, yellowTail: blackBill: white, short, stubby

Goldfinch

Figure 1.18

R e ce p to rs

In te rm e d ia teNe u ro n s

In te rm e d ia teNe u ro n s

T h a la m u s

Pr im a ryC o r te x

Se co n d a ryC o r te x

R e p re se n ta t io n s C o m p u ta tio n s

Hig h e r C o r te x

Figure 1.19

-0 .1

0

0 .1

0 .2

0 .3

0 .4

0 .5

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Rand om Varia tion in T hresh o ld

Threshold

Area = 0.1

-0 .1

0

0 .1

0 .2

0 .3

0 .4

0 .5

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Rand om Varia tion in T hresh o ld

Threshold

Area = 0.9

-0 .2

0

0 .2

0 .4

0 .6

0 .8

1

1.2

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Stim ulus Level

Figure 1.20

S e n s ory Proce s sN eural inf ormation

processing

D e cis ion Proce s sD oes response

exceed criter ion?

ExternalStimulus

I nternal 'noise'N O

Respond "yes"YES

-0 .1

0

0.1

0 .2

0 .3

0 .4

0 .5

-4 -2 0 2 4 6

Sig nal Detection Th eory

N oise O nlyN o ise + Signal

Sensory M agni tude

Sensit ivity

-0 .1

0

0.1

0 .2

0 .3

0 .4

0 .5

-4 -2 0 2 4 6

Sig nal Detection Th eory

N oise O nlyN o ise + Signal

Sensory M agni tude

Crite rion