Philosophical Review

Geschichte der Metaphysik by Eduard von HartmannReview by: Frank ThillyThe Philosophical Review, Vol. 9, No. 4 (Jul., 1900), pp. 455-456Published by: Duke University Press on behalf of Philosophical ReviewStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2176345 .

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No. 4.1 NOTICES OB NEW BOOKS. 455

inference, an outline theory of induction with a somewhat extended discus- sion of the development and use of hypotheses, the principles of classifica- tion and definition, and the relation of logic to education. The aim and scope of the book do not permit of any extended or strictly original treat- ment of logical questions, but it is written with excellent judgment and good sense. The analysis of knowledge and of the conditions of its develop- ment which he has supplied, enables the author to show conclusively, in his final chapter, the errors involved in certain educational theories which have been much in vogue during the present generation. A somewhat extended set of examples of inferences adds to the value of the volume.

J. E. C.

Geschichte der Metaj5hysik. VON EDUARD VON HARTMANN. Erster Teil: Bis Kant. Leipzig. Hermann Haacke, i899.-pp. xiv, 588. We have here a history of metaphysics, from the early Greeks down to

Kant. The term metaphysics is here used in the Aristotelian sense offirst Philosophy, the science of first principles, or rather, the science of the categories of thought, chief among which are those of substance and cause. The book is not a history of philosophy in the broad sense, and does not include psychology, aesthetics, logic, ethics, politics, etc., except in so far as these sciences deal with ultimate concepts which effect our view of the world. The theory of knowledge, however, is fully discussed, evidently because it represents a kind of dissolvent or negation of metaphysics.

It is worth knowing how a constructive thinker like Hartmann interprets the systems of the predecessors, and what position he assigns to them in the history of thought. This book deserves attention for this reason if for no other. It is not, however, what I should call an unbiased exposition of the history of metaphysical notions, but looks at everything through the spectacles of its author's system. Indeed, it is an intensely partisan work. Even the arrangement of the material, and the amount of space given to the various thinkers, betray the attitude of the writer, as the following description will show.

The volume is divided into four parts, dealing respectively with: Ancient Metaphysics, pp. i-i87; Mediaeval Metaphysics, pp. i87-282; The Meta- physics of the Renaissance and Reformation, pp. 282-356; and Modern Metaphysics, pp. 356-588. Under the first head we have the following divisions: i. Pre-Platonic Metaphysics, 26 pages ; 2. Classical Rational- ism, 45 pages (Plato getting i8 pages; Aristotle, 27); 3. Sensationalistic and Sceptical Dissolution of Classical Rationalism, i6 pages ; 4. The Later Greek Religious Metaphysics (Philo, Neo-Pythagoreans, Gnostics, etc.), 19 pages; 5. Plotinus as the Turning-point of Ancient and Mediaeval Phi- losophy, 81 pages. Plotinus, Hartmann regards as the deepest thinker of ancient times.

Under the second general division we have: i. Christian Metaphysics under Neo-Platonic Influence, pp. I87-2I2; 2. Arabian Metaphysics, pp.

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456 THE PHILOSOPHICAL REVIEW. [VOL. IX.

2I2-225; 3. Christian Metaphysics under Aristotelian Influence, pp. 225-

25I (Thomas Aquinas gets 4 pages; Duns Scotus, ii); 4. Imperceptible Emancipation of Metaphysics from Aristotelianism, pp. 25I-282 (Nicholas of Cusa is considered at length).

Part III. embraces: I. The Revival of Neo-Platonism, pp. 282-285; 2. Grammarians and Sceptics, pp. 285-293; 3. Theosophical Philosophy of Nature, pp. 293-356 (Bruno, Campanella, Weigel, Bohme, and many others).

Part IV. considers: i. Rationalistic Transformation of the Categories, pp. 356-346 (Descartes gets I3 pages; Spinoza, 30; and Leibniz, 35); 2. Sen- sationalistic Dissolution of the Categories, pp. 476-588. Under the last head we have three divisions; (a) Empirical Sensationalism with a Nationalistic Tincture, pp. 476-5 I 6 (Bacon, Herbert of Cherbury, Gassendi, Hobbes, Newton, Locke); (b) Phenomenalistic Sensationalism, pp. 5i6- 567 (Coilier, Berkeley, Hume, Reid); (c) Physiological Sensationalism, pp. 567-588 (Peter Brown, Hartley, Condillac, Bonnet, Robinet, Voltaire, Diderot, Helvetius, Rousseau, Lamettrie, Holbach, Cabanis, Tracy, Biran, Amp6re).

FRANK THILLY.

Geschichte der neuern Philoso5hAle. Von KUNO FISCHER. Jubildumsaus- gabe. Hegel's Leben, Werke, und Lehre. Heidelberg, Carl Winter's Universitatsbuchhandlung, I898-I900.-PP. 720. This work on Hegel by the great German historian of modern philoso-

phy has been appearing since I898, and is now almost complete, five parts, consisting of 720 pages, having been published thus far. The material is divided into two books. The first deals with the life and writings of Hegel, and is composed of fourteen chapters or 2i6 pages. The second book is devoted to Hegel's doctrine, and is now in its thirty- second chapter (pp. 217-720). Among the important works considered in this part are the following: Phenomenology of Mind, chapters v-xii in- clusive (pp. 289-432); Science of Logic, chapters xiii-xxii (pp. 433-576); Philosophy of Nature (Mechanics, Physics, Organic Physics), chapters xxiii-xxvi (pp. 577-644); Science of Subjective Mind (Anthropology, Phenomenology, Psychology), chapters xxvii-xxix (pp. 645-689); Science of Objective Mind (Right, Morality, " Ethicality "), chapters xxx (pp. 689-720).

FRANK THILLY.

Hilfsbuch zur Geschichie der Philosofihie seit Kant. Von Dr. RICHARD

FALCKENBERG, Professor der Philosophie in Erlangen. Leipzig, Veit & Comp., i899.-pp. viii, 68. Professor Falckenberg, the author of the History of Modern Philosoj5hy,

favorably known to American readers through.the' translation of Professor Armstrong, tells us in his preface how he came to write this little book.

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