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Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing Anica Berthold, M.Sc. Nurhan Rizqy Averous, M.Sc.

Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing · • Power-electronics-based grid emulator in operation • RTDS will be integrated for a PHIL setup. Distance between RTDS and

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Page 1: Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing · • Power-electronics-based grid emulator in operation • RTDS will be integrated for a PHIL setup. Distance between RTDS and

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Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing

Anica Berthold, M.Sc.

Nurhan Rizqy Averous, M.Sc.

Page 2: Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing · • Power-electronics-based grid emulator in operation • RTDS will be integrated for a PHIL setup. Distance between RTDS and

Grid emulation at CWD | Anica Berthold & Nurhan Rizqy Averous |

CWD-ACS/PGS | 25.04.2017

Agenda

2 of 20

Summary 4

Tests with Research Turbine 3

Setup Overview 2

Center for Wind Power Drives 1

Page 3: Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing · • Power-electronics-based grid emulator in operation • RTDS will be integrated for a PHIL setup. Distance between RTDS and

Grid emulation at CWD | Anica Berthold & Nurhan Rizqy Averous |

CWD-ACS/PGS | 25.04.2017

Agenda

3 of 20

Summary 4

Tests with Research Turbine 3

Setup Overview 2

Center for Wind Power Drives 1

Page 4: Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing · • Power-electronics-based grid emulator in operation • RTDS will be integrated for a PHIL setup. Distance between RTDS and

Grid emulation at CWD | Anica Berthold & Nurhan Rizqy Averous |

CWD-ACS/PGS | 25.04.2017

Center for Wind Power Drives

4 of 20

Page 5: Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing · • Power-electronics-based grid emulator in operation • RTDS will be integrated for a PHIL setup. Distance between RTDS and

Grid emulation at CWD | Anica Berthold & Nurhan Rizqy Averous |

CWD-ACS/PGS | 25.04.2017

Agenda

5 of 20

Summary 4

Tests with Research Turbine 3

Setup Overview 2

Center for Wind Power Drives 1

Page 6: Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing · • Power-electronics-based grid emulator in operation • RTDS will be integrated for a PHIL setup. Distance between RTDS and

Grid emulation at CWD | Anica Berthold & Nurhan Rizqy Averous |

CWD-ACS/PGS | 25.04.2017

4 MW system level test bench – Overview

6 of 20

User

Interface

RTDS

DC-Link 20 kV

1 DOF

5 DOF

=

10kV Grid

_

Prime Mover

Load Unit Controller HIL

Wind

HIL Grid

PCC

Research WTG Controller

-

Control

Units

n

set

point

Recuperation

Loop

=

DUT-Transformer

U,I

_ _

Page 7: Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing · • Power-electronics-based grid emulator in operation • RTDS will be integrated for a PHIL setup. Distance between RTDS and

Grid emulation at CWD | Anica Berthold & Nurhan Rizqy Averous |

CWD-ACS/PGS | 25.04.2017

Grid Emulator

Power-Electronic Based

7 of 20

• Interleaved medium-voltage converters

• Programmable short-circuit impedance

• Key specification

Parameter Value

Nominal PCC voltage 20 kV

Nominal PCC power 1) 6 MVA

Voltage THD @ nominal voltage < 5%

Frequency 50 Hz & 60 Hz

1) Short-time overload possible

Filter Trafo

Page 8: Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing · • Power-electronics-based grid emulator in operation • RTDS will be integrated for a PHIL setup. Distance between RTDS and

Grid emulation at CWD | Anica Berthold & Nurhan Rizqy Averous |

CWD-ACS/PGS | 25.04.2017

Fault Ride Through (FRT-)Tests

8 of 20

Advantage of the power-

electronic-based grid

emulator:

• Capability to generate random

voltage dips

• Possibility to combine with a real

time simulation for a PHIL setup

Converter based FRT dip

FRT container

Page 9: Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing · • Power-electronics-based grid emulator in operation • RTDS will be integrated for a PHIL setup. Distance between RTDS and

Grid emulation at CWD | Anica Berthold & Nurhan Rizqy Averous |

CWD-ACS/PGS | 25.04.2017

Connection of the Real Time Simulator

9 of 20

Real time lab at

ACS

Targ

et valu

es

grid b

ehavio

r

Measure

d v

alu

es

of D

UT

at P

CC

Real time

communication

interface at ACS

real time lab

Grid emulator

CWD test bench

PCC

Measure

d

valu

es a

t P

CC

Communication line

ACS lab –

CWD test bench

Overview of the connection of the real time simulator

Real time

communication

interface at

CWD test bench

Refe

rence

valu

e g

rid

em

ula

tor

2 km fiber optic cable

500 µs

Loop

Page 10: Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing · • Power-electronics-based grid emulator in operation • RTDS will be integrated for a PHIL setup. Distance between RTDS and

Grid emulation at CWD | Anica Berthold & Nurhan Rizqy Averous |

CWD-ACS/PGS | 25.04.2017

Project FVA Nacelle

10 of 20

Funding

BMWi – 6. Energieforschungsprogramm

Duration: 1.1.2015 – 31.12.2017

Volume ~ 6 Mio. €

Page 11: Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing · • Power-electronics-based grid emulator in operation • RTDS will be integrated for a PHIL setup. Distance between RTDS and

Grid emulation at CWD | Anica Berthold & Nurhan Rizqy Averous |

CWD-ACS/PGS | 25.04.2017

Agenda

11 of 20

Summary 4

Tests with Research Turbine 3

Setup Overview 2

Center for Wind Power Drives 1

Page 12: Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing · • Power-electronics-based grid emulator in operation • RTDS will be integrated for a PHIL setup. Distance between RTDS and

Grid emulation at CWD | Anica Berthold & Nurhan Rizqy Averous |

CWD-ACS/PGS | 25.04.2017

FVA Nacelle

Electrical Drivetrain

12 of 20

• Low-voltage full-converter concept

• Asynchronous generator

Parameter Value

Nominal power 3.06 MVA

Nominal active power 2.75 MW

LVRT SDLWindV 2009

Nominal generator speed 1100 rpm

Nominal generator torque 24.7 kNm

Page 13: Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing · • Power-electronics-based grid emulator in operation • RTDS will be integrated for a PHIL setup. Distance between RTDS and

Grid emulation at CWD | Anica Berthold & Nurhan Rizqy Averous |

CWD-ACS/PGS | 25.04.2017

FRT Tests according to FGW TR3

13 of 20

Tolerance of the FRT voltage sag according to IEC 61400-21

Test Nr. Fault Depth

(V/V0)

Fault Duration

(ms)

1 ≤ 0.05 ≥ 150

2 0.20 – 0.25 ≥ 550

3 0.45 – 0.55 ≥ 950

4 0.70 – 0.80 ≥ 1400

Page 14: Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing · • Power-electronics-based grid emulator in operation • RTDS will be integrated for a PHIL setup. Distance between RTDS and

Grid emulation at CWD | Anica Berthold & Nurhan Rizqy Averous |

CWD-ACS/PGS | 25.04.2017

Test Results

No-Load Tests

14 of 20

0 1 2 3 40

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

Frequency in kHz

Vo

ltag

e in

p.u

.

0 10 20 30 40

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

Time in ms

Vo

ltag

e in

p.u

.

Voltage quality

THD < 3.3%

Page 15: Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing · • Power-electronics-based grid emulator in operation • RTDS will be integrated for a PHIL setup. Distance between RTDS and

Grid emulation at CWD | Anica Berthold & Nurhan Rizqy Averous |

CWD-ACS/PGS | 25.04.2017

Test Results

No-Load Tests

15 of 20

0 1 2 3 40

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

Frequency in kHz

Vo

ltag

e in

p.u

.

0 10 20 30 40

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

Time in ms

Vo

ltag

e in

p.u

.

Voltage quality Voltage dips

Voltage dynamic complies

IEC 61400-21 (grey area)

THD < 3.3%

Page 16: Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing · • Power-electronics-based grid emulator in operation • RTDS will be integrated for a PHIL setup. Distance between RTDS and

Grid emulation at CWD | Anica Berthold & Nurhan Rizqy Averous |

CWD-ACS/PGS | 25.04.2017

Test Results

Fault-Ride-Through (FRT) Tests

16 of 20

5% symmetrical voltage dip

minimum influence on the shaft

Page 17: Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing · • Power-electronics-based grid emulator in operation • RTDS will be integrated for a PHIL setup. Distance between RTDS and

Grid emulation at CWD | Anica Berthold & Nurhan Rizqy Averous |

CWD-ACS/PGS | 25.04.2017

Test Results

DUT Trafo saturation

17 of 20

• Due to an abrupt voltage change

• Depending on the fault-voltage

waveform

Saturation might

not be observed

Saturation

observed

Transformer

saturates

Page 18: Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing · • Power-electronics-based grid emulator in operation • RTDS will be integrated for a PHIL setup. Distance between RTDS and

Grid emulation at CWD | Anica Berthold & Nurhan Rizqy Averous |

CWD-ACS/PGS | 25.04.2017

Agenda

18 of 20

Summary 4

Tests with Research Turbine 3

Setup Overview 2

Center for Wind Power Drives 1

Page 19: Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing · • Power-electronics-based grid emulator in operation • RTDS will be integrated for a PHIL setup. Distance between RTDS and

Grid emulation at CWD | Anica Berthold & Nurhan Rizqy Averous |

CWD-ACS/PGS | 25.04.2017

Seitenzahlen:

Die Seitenanzeige „1 von X“ ist

nicht standardmäßig in

Powerpoint verfügbar; daher

benötigen Sie dazu ein Add-In.

Das Add-In kann im

Vorlagencenter heruntergeladen

werden.

Aktivieren

Nach dem Öffnen der Vorlage,

klicken Sie mit einem Doppelklick

auf die Datei „RWTH-Addin-

Seitenzahlen“, um das Add-In zu

aktivieren. Nach dem Schließen

von Powerpoint deaktiviert es

sich automatisch wieder.

Erstellen

Gehen Sie in der Symbolleiste

auf den Tab „RWTH AddIn“ und

klicken Sie den Button. Nun

stellen sich die Seitenzahlen

automatisch ein. Falls Sie

nachträglich noch Folien

hinzufügen oder löschen, klicken

Sie einfach erneut auf den

Button, um die Seitenzahlen zu

aktualisieren.

Add-In installieren

Wenn Sie das Add-In dauerhaft

installieren möchten, damit Sie

es nicht immer anklicken

müssen, gehen Sie wie folgt vor:

1. Schaltfläche Office (für

Office 2007-2010, runder

Button oben links) bzw. auf

Datei (Office 2013)

2. „PowerPoint-Optionen“ (für

Office 2007-2010, unten

rechts) bzw. Optionen

(Office 2013)

3. Add-Ins

4. wählen Sie ganz unten bei

Verwalten: den Punkt

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klicken Sie Gehe zu….

5. Sollte das RWTH Add In

angezeigt werden, entfernen

Sie es! Anders ist eine

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7. Mit Schließen wird das Add-

In dauerhaft gespeichert. Sie

können es danach jederzeit

wieder entfernen

Summary

19 of 20

• Power-electronics-based grid emulator in operation

• RTDS will be integrated for a PHIL setup. Distance between RTDS and test

bench is the main challenge.

• Successfully conducted LVRT test on the newly developed research turbine

according to the standard

• Transformer saturation observed depending on the applied voltage waveform

Page 20: Grid Emulation for Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing · • Power-electronics-based grid emulator in operation • RTDS will be integrated for a PHIL setup. Distance between RTDS and

Contacts

Center for Wind Power Drives

RWTH Aachen University

Campus-Boulevard 61

52074 Aachen

Germany

E.ON Energy Research Center

RWTH Aachen University

Mathieustraße 10

52074 Aachen

Germany