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Volume 2
IX. Noun phrase semantics
40. Pronouns · Daniel Büring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971
41. Defi niteness and indefi niteness · Irene Heim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 996
42. Specifi city · Klaus von Heusinger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025
43. Quantifi ers · Edward Keenan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1058
44. Bare noun phrases · Veneeta Dayal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1088
45. Possessives and relational nouns · Chris Barker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109
46. Mass nouns and plurals · Peter Lasersohn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1131
47. Genericity · Gregory Carlson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1153
X. Verb phrase semantics
48. Aspectual class and Aktionsart · Hana Filip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1186
49. Perfect and progressive · Paul Portner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1217
50. Verbal mood · Paul Portner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1262
51. Deverbal nominalization · Jane Grimshaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1292
XI. Semantics of adjectives and adverb(ial)s
52. Adjectives · Violeta Demonte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1314
53. Comparison constructions · Sigrid Beck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1341
54. Adverbs and adverbials · Claudia Maienborn and Martin Schäfer . . . . . . 1390
55. Adverbial clauses · Kjell Johan Sæbø. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1420
56. Secondary predicates · Susan Rothstein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1442
XII. Semantics of intensional contexts
57. Tense · Toshiyuki Ogihara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1463
58. Modality · Valentine Hacquard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1484
59. Conditionals · Kai von Fintel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1515
60. Propositional attitudes · Eric Swanson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1538
61. Indexicality and De Se reports · Philippe Schlenker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1561
XIII. Scope, negation, and conjunction
62. Scope and binding · Anna Szabolcsi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1605
63. Negation · Elena Herburger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1641
64. Negative and positive polarity items · Anastasia Giannakidou . . . . . . . . . 1660
65. Coordination · Roberto Zamparelli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1713
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vi Contents
XIV. Sentence types
66. Questions · Manfred Krifka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1742
67. Imperatives · Chung-hye Han . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1785
68. Copular clauses · Line Mikkelsen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1805
69. Existential sentences · Louise McNally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1829
70. Ellipsis · Ingo Reich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1849
XV. Information and discourse structure
71. Information structure and truth-conditional semantics ·
Stefan Hinterwimmer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1875
72. Topics · Craige Roberts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1908
73. Discourse effects of word order variation · Gregory Ward and
Betty J. Birner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1934
74. Cohesion and coherence · Andrew Kehler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1963
75. Accessibility and anaphora · Bart Geurts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1988
76. Discourse particles · Malte Zimmermann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2012
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Contents vii
Volume 1
I. Foundations of semantics
1. Meaning in linguistics · Claudia Maienborn, Klaus von Heusinger
and Paul Portner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. Meaning, intentionality and communication · Pierre Jacob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3. (Frege on) Sense and reference · Mark Textor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4. Reference: Foundational issues · Barbara Abbott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5. Meaning in language use · Georgia M. Green . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6. Compositionality · Peter Pagin and Dag Westerståhl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
7. Lexical decomposition: Foundational issues · Stefan Engelberg . . . . . . . . . 124
II. History of semantics
8. Meaning in pre-19th century thought · Stephan Meier-Oeser . . . . . . . . . . . 145
9. The emergence of linguistic semantics in the 19th and
early 20th century · Brigitte Nerlich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
10. The infl uence of logic on semantics · Albert Newen and
Bernhard Schröder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
11. Formal semantics and representationalism · Ruth Kempson . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
III. Methods in semantic research
12. Varieties of semantic evidence · Manfred Krifka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
13. Methods in cross-linguistic semantics · Lisa Matthewson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
14. Formal methods in semantics · Alice G.B. ter Meulen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
15. The application of experimental methods in semantics ·
Oliver Bott, Sam Featherston, Janina Radó and Britta Stolterfoht . . . . . . . 305
IV. Lexical semantics
16. Semantic features and primes · Manfred Bierwisch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
17. Frameworks of lexical decomposition of verbs · Stefan Engelberg . . . . . . . 358
18. Thematic roles · Anthony R. Davis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
19. Lexical Conceptual Structure · Beth Levin and
Malka Rappaport Hovav . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
20. Idioms and collocations · Christiane Fellbaum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
21. Sense relations · Ronnie Cann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
22. Dual oppositions in lexical meaning · Sebastian Löbner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
V. Ambiguity and vagueness
23. Ambiguity and vagueness: An overview · Christopher Kennedy . . . . . . . . . 507
24. Semantic underspecifi cation · Markus Egg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
25. Mismatches and coercion · Henriëtte de Swart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574
26. Metaphors and metonymies · Andrea Tyler and
Hiroshi Takahashi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
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viii Contents
VI. Cognitively oriented approaches to semantics
27. Cognitive Semantics: An overview · Leonard Talmy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622
28. Prototype theory · John R. Taylor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
29. Frame Semantics · Jean Mark Gawron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664
30. Conceptual Semantics · Ray Jackendoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688
31. Two-level Semantics: Semantic Form and Conceptual
Structure · Ewald Lang and Claudia Maienborn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709
32. Word meaning and world knowledge · Jerry R. Hobbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740
VII. Theories of sentence semantics
33. Model-theoretic semantics · Thomas Ede Zimmermann. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762
34. Event semantics · Claudia Maienborn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802
35. Situation Semantics and the ontology of natural language ·
Jonathan Ginzburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830
VIII. Theories of discourse semantics
36. Situation Semantics: From indexicality to metacommunicative
interaction · Jonathan Ginzburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852
37. Discourse Representation Theory · Hans Kamp and Uwe Reyle. . . . . . . . . 872
38. Dynamic semantics · Paul Dekker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923
39. Rhetorical relations · Henk Zeevat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946
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Contents ix
Volume 3
XVI. The interface of semantics with phonology and morphology
77. Semantics of intonation · Hubert Truckenbrodt
78. Semantics of infl ection · Paul Kiparsky and Judith Tonhauser
79. Semantics of derivational morphology · Rochelle Lieber
80. Semantics of compounds · Susan Olsen
81. Semantics in Distributed Morphology · Heidi Harley
XVII. The syntax-semantics interface
82. Syntax and semantics: An overview · Arnim von Stechow
83. Argument structure · David Pesetsky
84. Operations on argument structure · Dieter Wunderlich
85. Type shifting · Helen de Hoop
86. Constructional meaning and compositionality · Paul Kay and
Laura A. Michaelis
87. The grammatical view of scalar implicatures and the relationship between
semantics and pragmatics · Gennaro Chierchia, Danny Fox and
Benjamin Spector
XVIII. The semantics-pragmatics interface
88. Semantics/pragmatics boundary disputes · Katarzyna M. Jaszczolt
89. Context dependency · Thomas Ede Zimmermann
90. Deixis and demonstratives · Holger Diessel
91. Presupposition · David Beaver and Bart Geurts
92. Implicature · Mandy Simons
93. Game theory in semantics and pragmatics · Gerhard Jäger
94. Conventional implicature and expressive content · Christopher Potts
XIX. Typology and crosslinguistic semantics
95. Semantic types across languages · Emmon Bach and Wynn Chao
96. Count/mass distinctions across languages · Jenny Doetjes
97. Tense and aspect: Time across languages · Carlota S. Smith
98. The expression of space across languages · Eric Pederson
XX. Diachronic semantics
99. Theories of meaning change: An overview · Gerd Fritz
100. Cognitive approaches to diachronic semantics · Dirk Geeraerts
101. Grammaticalization and semantic reanalysis · Regine Eckardt
XXI. Processing and learning meaning
102. Meaning in psycholinguistics · Lyn Frazier
103. Meaning in fi rst language acquisition · Stephen Crain
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x Contents
104. Meaning in second language acquisition · Roumyana Slabakova
105. Meaning in neurolinguistics · Roumyana Pancheva
106. Conceptual knowledge, categorization and meaning · Stephanie Kelter and
Barbara Kaup
107. Space in semantics and cognition · Barbara Landau
XXII. Semantics and computer science
108. Semantic research in computational linguistics · Manfred Pinkal and
Alexander Koller
109. Semantics in corpus linguistics · Graham Katz
110. Semantics in computational lexicons · Anette Frank and Sebastian Padó
111. Web Semantics · Paul Buitelaar
112. Semantic issues in machine translation · Kurt Eberle
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