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IEEE History Center ISSUE 97, March 2015 Thomas Lohe (President of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) and Roberto de Marca (2014 IEEE President) unveil Milestone plaque for Hertz's discovery and experimental proof of electromagnetic waves (IEEE's 150th milestone) Static from the Director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 History Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Chair’s Message Center Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 New 45rpm Phonograph Exhibit Life Members Committee History Project UEF Project Update American Historical Association Conference History Center on Twitter and Tumblr Fall 2014 Course on History of Engineering Robotics History: Narratives and Networks Spring 2015 Biographical Course at Stevens Milestone Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Things to See and Do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Vintage Computer Festival East The Computer Wore Heels App Review Antique Wireless Museum In Memoriam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Charles Townes Donor Honor Roll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

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Page 1: IEEE History Center...IEEE History Center STATIC FROM THE DIRECTOR 2 NEWSLETTER SUBMISSION BOX The IEEE History Center Newsletter welcomes submissions of Letters to the Editor, as

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ISSUE 97, March 2015

Thomas Lohe (President of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) and Roberto de Marca (2014 IEEE President) unveilMilestone plaque for Hertz's discovery and experimental proof of electromagnetic waves (IEEE's 150th milestone)

Static from the Director. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

History Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Chair’s Message

Center Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3New 45rpm Phonograph ExhibitLife Members Committee History ProjectUEF Project UpdateAmerican Historical Association ConferenceHistory Center on Twitter and TumblrFall 2014 Course on History of EngineeringRobotics History: Narratives and NetworksSpring 2015 Biographical Course at Stevens

Milestone Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Things to See and Do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Vintage Computer Festival EastThe Computer Wore Heels App ReviewAntique Wireless Museum

In Memoriam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Charles Townes

Donor Honor Roll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

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IEEE History Center STATIC FROM THE DIRECTOR

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NEWSLETTER SUBMISSION BOXThe IEEE History Center Newsletter welcomes submissions of Letters to the Editor, as well as articlesfor its Reminiscences and Relic Hunting departments. “Reminiscences” are accounts of history of atechnology from the point of view of someone who worked in the technical area or was closely con-nected to someone who was. They may be narrated either in the first person or third person. “RelicHunting” are accounts of finding or tracking down tangible pieces of electrical history in interesting orunsuspected places (in situ and still operating is of particular interest). Length: 500-1200 words. Sub-mit to [email protected]. Articles and letters to the editor may be edited for style or length.

Subscription InformationThe IEEE History Center newsletter is available freeto all persons interested in technological history– whether engineers, scholars, researchers, hob-byists, or interested members of the public. It ispublished in hard copy in March, and in electronicform in July and November of each year.

To subscribe to the IEEE History Center’s free newsletter, please send your name, postal mailing address, e-mail address (optionalif you wish to receive the electronic versions), and IEEE member number (if applicable – non-

members are encouraged to subscribe as well) [email protected]

Current and past issues of the newsletter canbe accessed at: www.ieee.org/about/history_center/newsletters.html

The IEEE History Center is a non-profit organ-ization which relies on your support to preserve, re-search, and promote the legacy of electricalengineering and computing. To support the Cen-ter’s projects – such as the Global History Network,Milestones, and Oral History Collection, please clickthe "Donate Online" tab at www.ieee.org/donateor www.ieeefoundation.org/

The IEEE History Center Newsletter Advertising RatesThe newsletter of the IEEE History Center is published three times per annum; one issue (March)in paper, the other two (July and November) electronically. The circulation of the paper issue is4,800; the circulation of the electronic issues is 22,500. The newsletter reaches engineers, retiredengineers, researchers, archivists, and curators interested specifically in the history of electrical,electronics, and computing engineering, and the history of related technologies.

Cost Per IssueQuarter Page $150Half Page $200Full Page $250

Please submit camera-ready copy via mail or email attachment to [email protected]. Deadlines for receipt of ad copy are 2 February, 2 June, 2 October. For more information, contact Robert Colburn at [email protected].

By Michael Geselowitz, Ph.D.

Welcome to another action-packed issue ofthe IEEE History Center newsletter, the firstissue in what is poised to be a very excitingyear. As discussed by the IEEE History Com-mittee Chair in his column (pg 3) and also de-scribed in the article on page 4, the newEngineering & Technology Wiki site has beenlaunched. As mentioned last issue, a Phase 2grant from the United Engineering Founda-tion will have us continuing to fine-tune thesite and finding additional partners. Our mainfocus in 2015, however, will be on raising thevisibility of this new exciting resource. I hope

that you, our staunch supporters, will visit thesite (www.ethw.org), use its content, and,most importantly, participate in our efforts topreserve and make known engineering historyby writing topic articles or first-hand histories.

Our other major focus this year will beREACH (Raising Engineering Awareness/Ap-preciation through the Conduit of History) ourpre-university educational program that waspreviewed last issue by our IEEE Develop-ment Office colleague, Natalie Krauser-Mc-Carthy. To remind you, REACH will be oureffort to give pre-university teachers the toolsthey need to teach and engage their studentsin the history and role of engineering and

The newsletter reports on the activities of the IEEE History Center and on new resources and projects in electrical and computer history. It is published three times each year—once in hard copy(March) and twice electronically ( July andNovember) by the IEEE History Center.

IEEE History Centerat Stevens Institute of TechnologySamuel C. Williams Library 3rd Floor1 Castle Point on HudsonHoboken, NJ 07030-5991Telephone +1 732 562 5450Fax +1 732 562 6020E-mail: [email protected]: www.ieee.org/history_center

IEEE History Committee 2015

David Burger, ChairAllison Marsh, Vice ChairFiorenza Albert-HowardJacob Baal-SchemTheodore BickartRichard GowenJohn ImpagliazzoPaul IsraelDavid KempAntonio Perez YusteAntonio SaviniMischa SchwartzIsao ShirakawaJorge SoaresJohn Vig

IEEE History Center Staff

Michael Geselowitz, Senior [email protected]

Sheldon Hochheiser, Archivist andInstitutional [email protected]

Alexander Magoun, Outreach Historian [email protected]

John Vardalas, Senior [email protected]

Nathan Brewer, Digital Content Administrator [email protected]

Robert Colburn, Research [email protected]

IEEE prohibits discrimination,harassment and bullying. For more information visitwww.ieee.org/nondiscrimination

© IEEE information contained in thisnewsletter may be copied without permission,provided that copies for direct commercial advantage are not made or distributed, andthe title of the IEEE publication and its dateappear on each copy.

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technology in their society. While not every student who learnsabout the history of engineering and technology will enter atechnical field (though we hope some do!), everyone will gaina better understanding of the technology they use daily, and ofhow the engineering discipline helped create the world manytake for granted. We are not the only ones who believe that therole of technology in history is important—the “Common Core”social studies standards that are being promoted in the UnitedStates call for students to engage in the subject—but for struc-tural and historical reasons history teachers currently lack thetools to do so effectively and in an exciting way. The IEEE His-tory Center is well positioned to fill that gap!

2015 will be the year that we organize our staff team to takeon this important initiative, identify our external content partners,develop production and communication plans, and convenestakeholder meetings. We will also be working closely with Na-talie and our other IEEE Development Office and IEEE Founda-tion partners to identify and engage potential major donors.

I would like to point out that despite these two major ini-tiatives, ETHW and REACH, we have not let up in our other ac-

tivities to preserve and make known the proud heritage of IEEE,its members, our professions and industries, and, most impor-tantly, the related technologies. The ever accelerating Mile-stones program has reached a Milestone of its own (see pg. 7).Our successful move to the Stevens Institute of Technology wascapped off by some exciting university teaching (pg. 5). Our so-cial media presence is exploding (pg. 5). We completed an im-portant institutional history project for the IEEE Life MembersCommittee (pg. 4).

We hope that all of these programs continue to draw yoursupport for our important mission. This is the newsletter issuewhen annually we recognize you, our generous donors, with ourHonor Role (pp 9-13). As you can see—despite uncertain eco-nomic times and despite an ever-increasing number of calls foryour philanthropic dollars—you and your fellow fans of the IEEEHistory Center have come through again. I want to personallyexpress my extreme gratitude and also my hope that you willcontinue to give generously, whether for REACH (our fundraisingfocus this year), for general operating support, or for any pro-gram or project that resonates with you personally. Thanks again.

Issue 97 March 2015STATIC FROM THE DIRECTOR

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HISTORY COMMITTEE ACTIVITIESHISTORY COMMITTEE CHAIR’S MESSAGE

Taking this opportunity to thank you all for the support in 2014,needs to be extended especially to those of you who recognisethe History Centre operations as a worthwhile means to 'leaveyour mark' in history! To the donors and volunteers, your con-tributions may seem to disappear into the noise of today's so-cial communications, and I want to assure you that yourcontributions are highly valued. Our History Center operation ismeasured financially as 0.3% of the IEEE machine, our impacthowever in one of the most visible of IEEE outside academiaand far greater than a 0.3% influence.

Witness the degree of change during the past 12 monthswith the History Centre. Sure there were back-end officechanges for the staff, with still some challenges to resolve, butthe game changer is the new "Engineering and Technology His-tory Wiki". The level of investigative journalism and word ofmouth around this initiative are all pointing to the near guar-anteed success and support this initiative even before it goes

live. The attention is elevating the IEEE brand and shows we areadaptive to the modern day social and behavioural changes.The anticipated changes in 2015 are expected to be equally sig-nificant as our initiatives expand and gather momentum, sufficeto say, it will be hard to predict how high we will land from areputation and global historical impact perspective.

One thing history teaches us that most of the challengeswe are facing today have all occurred in the past. Technology fa-cilitates social change, where unwanted events in the world canbe presented in an unsettling way onto your smart phonewithin minutes. The recent events here in Sydney and then inParis both came across like we were there, indeed I was just300m from the Sydney events, and shared that same emotionof what occurred in Paris just 14 days later. Communications100 years ago was far less immediate, and now looking for-ward, the social changes in the future will be driven by whatwe do in the technology space, for better or for worse.

CENTER ACTIVITIESNEW 45-RPM PHONOGRAPH EXHIBIT AT THE HISTORY CENTER

Long before music streaming and MP3 files, and portable cas-sette decks pioneered by Sony’s Walkman, corporations soughtways to make the music you want available when you want it.In the late 1930s, RCA Victor had a problem. Sales of 78rpmrecords were rising, and so were sales of record changers on

which people stacked their own playlists, just like AM radio’sfirst disc jockeys. But 78s, made largely of slate powder,weighed heavily on a record player’s spindle and motor; the va-riety of shaped edges made it difficult to separate one disc from

Continued on Page 4

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CENTER ACTIVITIES

By Sheldon Hochheiser, Archivist and Institutional Historian

As I reported in the last two issues of the newsletter, at the re-quest of—and with funding from—the IEEE Life Members Com-mittee, the IEEE History Center engaged veteran public historianof technology and IEEE Member Andrew Butrica to researchand write a history of the Life Members Committee. In January,as planned, Butrica completed a 162-page draft history andsubmitted it to the History Center and through the Center tothe Life Members Committee for review. The draft documentsthe entire history of the IEEE Life Members Committee; its pred-ecessor the Life Members Fund Committee; the history of lifemembership at IEEE predecessors AIEE and IRE; and the manyprograms that the Life Members Fund has supported over theyears. These include many decades of support for historical

activities, both at the IEEE History Center and elsewhere, as wellas decades of support for students, education, and the inter-ests of older IEEE members. Butrica’s work stands as a modelof what can be done by a historian to document an importantpiece of IEEE history.

Butrica, as part of his research, became no doubt the firstperson to read all of the minutes of the committee, going backto AIEE days, and all of the issues of the Life Members Newslet-ters. He also conducted Oral Histories with staff member DanToland, who long supported the committee, and key volunteersArt Winston and Jacob Baal-Schem.

After reviews are completed, the LMC history will be postedon the the Engineering and Technology History Wiki for all to readand use. The three oral histories will be posted there as well.

LIFE MEMBERS COMMITTEE HISTORY PROJECT UPDATE,MARCH 2015

UEF PROJECT UPDATEAs was reported in the last issue of this newsletter, the IEEE History Center championed the creation of a consortium of engineering associations with the goal of designing, launching,and running a new history of engineering website. With support for the United Engineering Foundation (UEF), this con-sortium launched the Engineering and Technology History WikiNetwork (www.ethw.org) in January 2015. Currently the con-sortium has seven members: AIChE, AIME, ASCE, ASME, IEEE,SPE, and SWE. The UEF is funding a second year to expand andimprove the site and seek additional partners, and all partnerscontribute an annual fee to run the website. The IEEE History

Center manages the site on behalf of the consortium. Pleasego to the ETHW and explore it.

From the outset, the IEEE History Center has believed that ETHW would best serve the world by increasing the diver-sity of the participating engineering disciplines. The current con-sortium members all have the same belief. As mentioned, seeingthe wisdom of embracing more engineering societies, theUnited Engineering Foundation has given us a second grant tohelp in this recruitment. This grant is also intended to help uspromote the site within the memberships and the wider generalpublic. To paraphrase a cliché, building it does not ensure thatthey will come. An active awareness campaign is needed.

the stack. Benjamin Carson led ateam to redesign the record and itschanger in a patented system thatRCA released only after Columbiarecords introduced its longplaying33 1/3-rpm records in 1948. Bothsystems found their niches amongrecord buyers, the cheap 7-inch diameter singles proving popularwith teenagers and performers withonly a song to release. RCA Victormade its large-spindle changers fornearly ten years, before multi-speedplayers with spindle adapters madethem less necessary. The single record format is a rare noveltynow that plays at the LP speed with an LP spindle, but the for-mat’s durability over 50 years testifies to its cultural appeal.

The History Center’s first exhibit at its offices in Stevens Institute’s Samuel C. Williams documents this pop culture icon,

thanks to the generosity of PhilVourtsis, the world’s leading collec-tor of 45rpm record changers andphonographs. Outreach historianAlex Magoun had worked with himbefore in assisting with Phil’s book,The Fabulous Victrola 45 (Schiffer,2002), and creating a smaller exhibitat the David Sarnoff Library. At theHistory Center Vourtsis loaned alarger sample of RCA Victor recordplayers and related artifacts thatMagoun complemented with morerecent 45rpm records and other

discs of similar or even smaller size. The result is three cabinetsshowcasing RCA’s initial products and succeeding changers,along with 45s in their original colors and sleeves. Should yoube in the New York or Hoboken, NJ area and feel a nostalgicpull, please stop by!

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CENTER ACTIVITIES

From Friday 2 January to Monday 5 January, the American His-torical Association (AHA)—the main society for practicing histo-rians in North America—held its annual conference in New YorkCity. The theme of the meeting was “History and other Disci-plines” and the AHA encouraged nontraditional session formatsin order to foment discussion on this important issue of inter-disciplinarity. Dr. Andrew Russell, a Stevens Institute of Tech-nology colleague, therefore organized a roundtable sessionheld on the Sunday entitled “The History of Engineering andthe Engineering of History,” which was chaired by IEEE History

Committee member Dr. Paul Israel. History center Senior Di-rector Dr. Michael Geselowitz contributed opening remarks en-titled “Professional Courtesy: Historians Encounter Engineers”and participated in the subsequent discussion. The session waswell attended by a range of historians interested in issues sur-round engineering and technology (and even one practicing en-gineer!), and the discussion was lively. While at the conference,Dr. Geselowitz also attended several sessions on public historyand participated in the AHA’s annual business meeting.

The IEEE History Center is bringing history to more people via social networking tools such as Twitter and Tumblr. Followthe activities of the IEEE History Center and others involved in the history of engineering on its Twitter feed at https://twitter.com/ieeehistory.

The IEEE History Center maintains a blog on Tumblr inwhich interesting images related to the history of technologyare posted. Featured in Tumblr’s history and science categories,

the blog has approximately 123,000 followers as of January2015 and more than 130,000 total social interactions. To date, six of the posted images were featured on Tumblr’s radar, a feature that allows the Tumblr staff to broadcast selected images to all logged-in users. These posts receive significantly more social interactions, the highest reaching10,400. To follow the blog or to view the images, go tohttp://engineeringhistory.tumblr.com/.

IEEE HISTORY CENTER ON TWITTER AND TUMBLR

The History Center’s innovative course, given in the Fall of 2014,on the history of engineering was a success. As reported in thelast issue of this Newsletter, this course, which looked at the roleof engineering in human development from prehistoric times tothe 18th century, integrated hands-on labs with classroom lec-tures strongly grounded in history and archaeology. Introducinglabs iis an exciting and effective was to make a traditional hu-manities course come alive, particularly for engineering and sci-ence undergraduates. Traditionally, history courses requirestudents to write term papers. The capstone for this course wasan ambitious project in which students, grouped in teams, ex-plored the connection between the design and performance inancient naval vessels.

The trireme was a formidable, high performance naval vessel in the ancient Mediterranean. In their superior use of thetrireme, the Athenians defeated Xerxes’s much larger Persianfleet at the battle of Salamis, in 480 B.C. Many historians arguethat it was this victory that saved Athens and allowed the con-cept of democracy to take root in the history of the West. Thestudents were asked to examine the role of the cutwater (bow)in the performance of these ancient vessels. Other than servingas a way to mount a bronze ram, did this long protrusion of thebow play any role in the vessels performance? To frame theproject, Dr. John Vardalas, Senior Historian at the IEEE HistoryCenter, consulted a team of 2 naval architects, an archaeolo-gist, and a historian of ancient navies: Drs. Larrie Ferreiro, RajuDatla, Jeffrey Royal, and William Murray respectively. They sus-pected that the cutwater played a role. This group produced a

rough sketch that captured the general shape of the cutwatersfound in ancient iconography.

With the help of a graduate student, our undergraduatesworked in two teams to convert this rough sketch into 3-D CADdrawings for the hull. The CAD files was then sent to a CNC ma-chine to produce a 5 ft. scale version of the hull, with two differ-ent bow attachments: the ancient cutwater and the traditionalbow we normally associate with ships. The two configurationswere then tested in Stevens’s world-class tank testing facility, atthe Davidson Laboratory. The tank uses an array of sensors tomeasure the model’s dynamic behavior. The model was runthrough the water at different speeds. The students then scaledup the data to produce drag coefficient numbers for the full sizedvessel, which, based on archaeological evidence, was more than120 ft. long. From the data, the students discovered that the cut-water conferred clear hydrodynamic advantages to the vessel.

Instead of writing a conventional report, the course chal-lenged the students to give a presentation in a specific histori-cal context. They were to go back in time to Ancient Greece andpretend to be naval architects giving a presentation to the Athen-ian Trieropoioi on the eve of the Peloponnesian War. TheTrieropoioi, a board of ten men, was charged by the Athenian as-sembly to let contracts for trireme construction. Each team hadto convince this board that if Athens were to prevail over itsSpartan foe, more money had to be invested to support theteam’s R&D. The students got into their role-playing and did awonderful job. The board was played by Stevens faculty andstaff, which included the Provost.

BRINGING THE HISTORY OF ENGINEERING ALIVE

IEEE HISTORY CENTER AT THEAMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION

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IEEE History Center

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CENTER ACTIVITIES

It’s not hard to imagine that for engineering majors fulfilling a re-quirement in history—even when it’s about one’s profession—acourse on the history of modern engineering threatens to glazeover the eyes and ears. After all, what can one learn from the de-velopment of now-outmoded techniques and technologies? His-tory Center outreach historian Alex Magoun thought he would tryto overcome that potential obstacle in two ways. One is to takea biographical approach, and focus on the lives of individual en-gineers and their relation to the era and countries in which theylived or worked. The second approach is to put those individualsin the context of their countries’ rise to the status of great pow-ers. “I want to make it personal,” Magoun says. “Engineers enjoyand struggle with the fortunes of life, and they have to adapt toor resist the political, economic, and technological trends of theirtime and space, just as the rest of us do.”

Such a course has its challenges, to be sure. Magoun haslearned a great deal about civil and mechanical engineering inthe 18th and 19th centuries, and is still assimilating what biogra-phies he can assemble about engineers in European and Asiancountries in the 19th and 20th centuries. “My high school Frenchhelps a bit, but not with German, Japanese, or Russian, alas. Thesooner online translation software improves, the better.”

FROM WATT TO JOBS:LIVES OF THE ENGINEERSAND THE RISE OF THE GREAT POWERS

In 1961, George Devol and Joe Engelberger put the world’s firstindustrial robot on the factory floor of General Motors, and inthe half-century that followed, robots have found their way intosurgery rooms, scientific laboratories, battlefields, search andrescue situations, Mars, and even our homes as vacuum clean-ers, toys, and security guards. To commemorate this anniver-sary, the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society decided in 2010to undertake a major project to document, and preserve, anddisseminate this history. The society formed a partnership withthe School of Information and Computing at Indiana University,and in particular, with Assistant Professor Selma Šabanović, asocial scientist who is an expert on the influence of social andcultural factors on the design of robots in the U.S. and Japan, aswell as on how theories of social cognition can be developedand evaluated through human-robot interaction. Professor Ša-banović put together a team to undertake the extensive initialstage of this project, collecting the recollections of major par-

ticipants in robotics through oral history. The team collectedmore than ninety of these between 2010 and 2013. In 2014,Šabanović approached the IEEE History Center to see if the Cen-ter would be interested in hosting and preserving the transcriptsof these oral histories on the IEEE Global History Network. TheHistory Center of course, was happy to do so, and she startedto send the transcripts to the History Center as they were ready.To date, she has sent 22 transcripts, all of which have beenposted. Among the interviews available are those with IEEE LifeFellows Peter Kokotovic, Ray Jarvis, and George Bekey.

With the transition from the Global History Network to thenew Engineering and Technology History Wiki, these oral historiescan be found there. You can find the list of available oral histories,with brief descriptions, and links to the full transcripts at:http://ethw.org/Oral-History:Robotics_History:_Narratives_and_Networks

ROBOTICS HISTORY: NARRATIVES AND NETWORKS. AMAJOR COLLECTION OF ORAL HISTORIES COMES TO THEIEEE HISTORY CENTER

THANK YOU TO OURHISTORY CENTER

DONORS!Your support helps preserve theheritage of IEEE’s technologies.

Image courtesy of Smithsonian Institution

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Issue 97 March 2015MILESTONES

7

Guest review by Gabriela Geselowitz, Tablet Magazine

In 2011, readers of this newsletter were informed about a doc-umentary film, “Top Secret Rosies,” which had been partiallyfunded by the IEEE Foundation. The IEEE History Center hadplayed an advisory role in the production, and served as one ofthe premier sites. Now the director of the film, LeAnn Erickson(also a professor of film at Temple University in Philadelphia)has turned the film into an App for the iPad.

Like the film, "The Computer Wore Heels" tells the inspira-tional story of the group of young women in their teens andtwenties who used their math skills and early computing tech-nology on behalf of the allies during World War II. It's a storywell recorded but under-reported, and this app explains thework of these women in a way accessible to young adults.

LeAnn Erickson's App reads like a novel (and is even de-signed to resemble a book, complete with turning pages), withmultimedia extras, from newsreel clips, to old photographs, to now-digitized handwritten notes. It tells the story from theperspective of the young women from a diverse group of back-

grounds who were united by their love of math and desire tohelp the war effort. The story is one of the history of computingto be sure, but it's also several composite biographies.

The app explores the hardships of the young women, in-cluding the several Jewish participants in the program fearing theHolocaust overseas, and the discrimination faced by an AfricanAmerican woman on the team. Of course, it outlines how difficultit was to have a career in mathematics as a woman at the time,how they didn't receive the recognition they deserved for theirwork, and yet what a rare opportunity all the girls had.

This story draws the clear connection between math skillsand computing, as the women go from solving problems ontheir own to working on ENIAC.

The app concludes with a message to young women en-couraging them to follow in the footsteps of these women sev-enty years ago – and it's a message sorely needed. Hopefullythis app will gain popularity and can inspire someone else tonot give up on her love of math or computing.

Available for the iPad at the Apple App Store for $2.99.

THE COMPUTER WORE HEELS APP

THINGS TO SEE AND DO

Vintage Computer Festival East will celebrate its tenthanniversary on April 17-19 at the InfoAge Science Center, in Wall,New Jersey. "VCF East" offers sixteen technical classes, twohands-on demonstration halls of systems from the 1960s-1980s,and historic lectures. This year's keynote speakers are computerdesigner Wes Clark and VisiCalc co-creator Bob Frankston. There

will be a special ceremony honoring the 50th anniversary of the DEC PDP-8 minicomputer. Visitors to the family-friendly event will also find museum tours, consignment, vendors, food,prizes, and more. Please visit www.vintage.org/2015/east/ fordetails or find us on Facebook and Twitter @vcfeast. Contact:[email protected].

IEEE’s Milestone program dedicated its 150th milestone on 5December 2014. Commemorating Heinrich Hertz’s discoveryand proof of electromagnetic waves in 1888, the plaque wasunveiled in front of the building where Hertz made his discov-ery at the Karlsrühe Institute of Technology, Karlsrühe, Germanyby 2014 President Roberto de Marca and Karlsrühe Institute ofTechnology President Detlef Lohe. The Milestone Program hasgrown in recent years, and is one of the most publicly-visibleways that IEEE recognizes and celebrates achievements withinits fields of interest. 2014 was a very active year, with fifteenmilestone dedication ceremonies held in Japan, Germany,Canada, and the United States. Because some of the milestones

had multiple plaques, almost half a ton of bronze bearing IEEE’sname was installed in various parts of the globe.

Nonetheless, many achievements remain to be recognized,and IEEE encourages its members to propose these achieve-ments. Details of the Milestone Program can be found at:http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Special:Milestonesand there is even a list of suggested achievements (which isnot intended to be a comprehensive list, merely examples)which can be proposed http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php?title=Milestones:List_of_Achievements_Suitable_for_Milestones

150TH MILESTONE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERINGAND COMPUTING DEDICATED

VINTAGE COMPUTER FESTIVAL

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IEEE History Center THINGS TO SEE AND DO

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The IEEE History Center lost a friend andlongtime supporter recently. CharlesTownes, IEEE Fellow, Nobel Laureate, andinventor of the laser, died at the age ofninety-nine on 27 January 2015. Townes’smany contributions to technology madehim a towering figure; imagine a worldwithout CD and DVD players, laser surgicaldevices, industrial lasers, or fiber-optic com-

munications. While much has, and will, be written about histechnical achievements, the IEEE History Center staff would par-ticularly like to remember his service to IEEE’s historical activi-ties. We also recall with personal fondness what a delightfuland engaging person he was to work with. Charles Townes

served on the Trustees of the History Center from 1999 through2001, and continued to lend his wisdom and advice as a trusteeemeritus for many years after that. He was also a stalwart sup-porter of the IEEE History Center Fund.

An oral history—including an audio clip— with CharlesTownes conducted by IEEE History Center Senior Historian Fred-erik Nebeker can be found on the Engineering & TechnologyHistory Wiki (ETHW) at http://ethw.org/Oral-History:Charles_H._Townes_%281992%29 and we are pleased that we canhelp preserve Charles Townes’ words and voice. An obituary inThe Institute can be found at: http://theinstitute.ieee.org/ieee-roundup/opinions/ieee-roundup/remembering-laser-theory-pioneer-charles-townes-

IN MEMORIAM: CHARLES TOWNES, A DEDICATEDSUPPORTER OF HISTORY

Life without telegraph, telephone, radio,television, cell phone, or wireless text mes-saging would be very quiet and certainlynot what we expect in today’s world of in-stant communications. The Antique Wire-less Museum, now in its 62nd year,preserves and shares the history of tech-nologies used to communicate and enter-tain, from telegraph to text messaging.

The Antique Wireless Association (AWA)is based in Bloomfield, New York southeastof Rochester New York. The AWA houses a world-class collection, including nearly90,000 cubic feet of artifacts and ephemeraat the Thomas Peterson, Jr. Antique Wire-less Museum and Research Campus.

In autumn of 2014, the AWA an-nounced plans to double the size of its ex-hibit space by August 2015. “Phase II” ofAWA’s development of the museum willprovide much needed additional exhibitand program space. In the last year there have been two majoradditions to the collection which will be incorporated intoPhase II.

Major components of the Delano, California, Voice of America Station have been recovered and shipped to AWA. TheAWA, in cooperation with the Collins Collectors Association, rescued the station’s control room and one of the Collins250,000 watt short wave transmitters and shipped the compo-nents to Bloomfield, New York. The Delano station was built in

1944 and operated until October 2007 as aVoice of America station during World WarII, the Korean War, the Cuban Missile Crisis,and the Cold War. One of VOA’s most pow-erful stations, it sent its signals to CentralAmerica, South America, and the PacificRim. This display will tell the historically sig-nificant story of VOA and its role in world-wide short-wave broadcast communica-tions, and its major impact on preservingand promoting free speech.

The AWA was also selected as the newhome for the National Telegraph Museumand significant pieces from the historicWestern Union Museum. Displays of thesehistoric artifacts and ephemera will be in-cluded as part of the Phase II development.Telegraph was the beginning of electric/electronic communications, and WesternUnion, founded in Rochester, New York,played a central role in the development

and commercialization of the telegraph industry.The Antique Wireless Museum is open Tuesdays from 10

am to 3 pm and weekends from 2 pm to 5 pm. The research li-brary is available for historical research by appointment andholds more than 500,000 books, documents, photographs, andrecordings.

For further information, visit the AWA web site at www.antiquewireless.org.

ANTIQUE WIRELESS MUSEUM, BLOOMFIELD, NEW YORK

Titanic Wireless Room Display

Western Union Office Display

IN MEMORIAM

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Leader($10,000 to $24,999)Robert N. Riley *Mr. Robert M. Walp

Patron($5,000 to $9,999)IEEE Signal Processing Society

John R. Treichler, Ph.D.

Associate($2,500 to $4,999)Robert A. Dent

Sponsor($1,000 to $2,499)Anonymous Leo L. Beranek Anthony Durniak Daniel D. Hoolihan IEEE Electromagnetic

Compatibility Society John Impagliazzo, Ph.D. Walter R. Keevil Susumu Kobayashi Mr. and Mrs. Samuel J.

Losh A. Michael Noll, Ph.D. Virginia and Carl

Sulzberger James M. Tien, Ph.D.

Gold Advocate($500 to $749)Eleanor Baum Lawrence E. Crooks Lyle D. Feisel Paul J. Fox Peter A and Gretchen

Lewis William D. O'Brien, Jr. Robert D. Smith Mr. Richard P.

Waltermeyer, Jr.

Silver Advocate($250 to $499)James V. Boone Joseph Bordogna

John H. Bruning Graham M. Campbell,

Ph.D. Arthur Claus Russell D. Coan Jonathan Coopersmith Manuel Correia Douglas C. Dawson Charles A. Fowler Thomas F. Garrity GE Foundation Dr. Michael N. Geselowitz Clinton R. and Mary Turner

Gilliland Raymond R. Glenn George G. Harman, Jr. Lawson P. Harris

IEEE Princeton / Central Jersey Section

Paul Israel Clark E. Johnson, Jr. Howard H. Leach, Jr. Ira M. Lichtman Paul M. Lundquist Alexander B. Magoun William F. Pickard Gordon P. Riblet Jose A. Ruiz de la Herran Kazuki Takamine

Bronze Advocate($100 to $249)Anonymous Merrill B. Allen Fumio Arakawa Walter O. Augenstein Ralph H. Baer * David L. Bailey David K. Barton Roger N. Barton

Paul E. Bassett Arthur R. Bauer Clifford J. Bedore C. Gordon Bell Luc Berger Martin Bitter Robert G. Blick Frank J. Bourbeau Matthew E. Brady Eric K. Butler Patrick A. Campanaro Thomas A. Campbell David N. Carson Garrett M. Carter Mr. Stephen M. Chalmers Dale N. Chayes James G. Cialdea Earl T. Cohen R. G. Colclaser, Jr. James M. Cole Sergio D. Cova Thomas R. Cuthbert W. Kenneth Dawson

The IEEE History Center gratefully recognizes the generosity and support of the individuals,corporations, and organizations listed here. Your support enables us to fulfill our missionto further the preservation, research, and dissemination of information about the history ofelectrical science and technology. All listings acknowledge gifts made to IEEE Foundationfunds dedicated to the support of the IEEE History Center during the calendar year 2014.

*Deceased

2014 DONOR LIST

IEEE Antennas and Propagation SocietyIEEE Circuits and Systems SocietyIEEE Communications SocietyIEEE Denver SectionIEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility SocietyIEEE FoundationIEEE IncorporatedIEEE Life Members CommitteeIEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques SocietyIEEE Power Engineering SocietyIEEE Electron Devices SocietyIEEE Power Engineering Society IEEE Signal Processing SocietyIEEE Solid-State Circuits SocietyIEEE Laser and Optics SocietyIEEE Magnetics SocietyIEEE Signal Processing SocietyIEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Society

Laurence R. AvinsEarl BakkenPaul and Evelyn Baran Fund Frank A. Brand Michael D. BrownJohn Bryant*Central Japan RailroadCentral Research Institute of the Electric Power Industry

Jules Cohen, P.E.Lawrence H. CrooksCharles A. Eldon*Electric Power Development Corporation, Tokyo

Electro-Mechanics CompanyThe Elias Family in Memory of Peter Elias*The Gerald and Thelma Estrin Living TrustGE Yokogawa Medical Systems, Ltd.Hitachi, Ltd.

IBM CorporationDon H. Johnson, Ph.D.Joseph Keithley*Susumu KobayashiHarold. W. Lord*John MeggittJohn K. MenoudakosNECNippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT)

Jun-ichi NishozawaThomas F. Peterson, Jr.Emerson and Elizabeth Pugh Fund of the Fidelity Fund

Emerson W. PughTheodore S. Saad*SematechTakashi Sugiyama*Tokyo Electric Power CompanyTopol Family Fund at the Boston FoundationToshiba CorporationRudolf A. WassmerYokogawa Electric Company

IEEE History Center Preservationists CircleRecognizing donors who have made significant contributions to the History Center at crucial stages in its founding and development.

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IEEE History Center DONOR HONOR ROLLFrank J. Destasi Russell G. Dewitt Michel A. Duguay Thomas H. Einstein, Ph.D. Robert R. Everett James R. Fancher Ghaffar Farman-Farmaian Richard D. Faytinger Paul M. Ferguson Miles Ferris Mark A. Fleming Ernest A. Franke Sidney K. Gally Edward E. Gardner Finis E. Gentry Bruce Gilchrist Joseph A. Giordmaine Vanig Godoshian A. Goetzberger Jeffrey H. Goll Arvin Grabel Richard W. Granville, Jr. John G. Gregory Chris Gross Jerrier A. Haddad J. Scott Hamilton M. William Hans Masanori Hara Luther S. Harris Ronald T. Harrold Benjamin J. Hemmen Hanspeter P. Hentzschel George Hickey Alfred K. Higashi Sterling F. Higgins Charles R. Hoesel Mark A. Hopkins Steven C. Horii, M.D. William J. Huck, Jr. Patricia M. Hughes Hagen E. Hultzsch IBM Corporation Makoto Ihara Fred H. Irons Soichi Isono Charles B. Izard Richard C. Jackson Havis Johnson Walter A. Johnson George I. Johnston Edwin C. Jones, Jr. Jack J. Kahgan Thomas Kailath, Sc.D.

Laurel V. Kaleda Haruo Kawahara Myron Kayton, Ph.D. Samuel T. Kelly James L. Kirtley, Jr. Harry W. Klancer Myoung S. Ko Misao Kobayashi Robert K. Koslowsky Natalie R. Krauser Mc-Carthy Kelly J. Krick Fred Kubli Wong Kwok-Ho Pentti Lappalainen Jay T. Last Jay W. Lathrop Gregory S. Leach Louis G. Leffler Vladimir Leonov Samuel A. Leslie Harry Letaw, Jr. Robert E. Levin Leslie S. Levine Julian R. Livingston George C. Loehr Milton J. Lowenstein Michael S. Lucas Kent H. Lundberg, Ph.D. John F. Malm John P. Mantey Thomas J. Marlowe, Ph.D. John E. Martin Gene W. Mc Pherson William R. McWhirter, Jr. George C. Milligan Glenwood J. Mitchell Peter G. Mitchell Steven C. Moss Alan G. Murray Shoichi Nakayama Venkatesh Narayanamurti Hans Neukom Ryoichi Ohnishi James E. O'Neil Albertus Oosenbrug C. Kumar Patel, Ph.D. Wayne H. Perry George W. Petznick D'Arcy E. Phillips, Jr. Robert R. Phillips J. I. S. Pinole Roland Plottel

William R. Pond Allan Powers Robert E. Pownall Seth M. Powsner George T. Reich Julian Reitman Stan and Sherri Retif Gunnar Ridell Charles Rino John D. Robbins Craig A. Rockenbauch Manuel F. Rodriguez-

Perazza Joseph Rolfe Monte Ross John S. Rostand William F. Roth Herbert Kenneth Sacks,

Ph.D. J. Sada-Gamiz Ara B. Sahagian Robert L. Schneider Ronald B. Schroer Mischa Schwartz Eugene D. Sharp Edmund M. Sheppard Daniel W. Shimer Naohisa Shimomura, Ph.D. Lee A. Shombert, Ph.D. Lanny L. Smith Peter W. Staecker John P. Stancin David L. Standley, Ph.D. Gerald Stanley Fred M. Staudaher Peter M. Stefan, Ph.D. Gordon E. Stewart Fred J. Stover, Jr. Albert Strub Robert A. Struthers David E. Sundstrom Shiro Suzuki C. B. Swan Carey T. Sweeny Bohdan J. Sypniak Yasutsughu Takeda Morris Tanenbaum Kyun H. Tchah Lewis M. Terman George M. Thomas Daniel D. Thompson David J. Thomson, Ph.D. Timothy N. Trick, Ph.D.

Bjarne E. Ursin Jose F. Valdez C. Ronald M. Van Oeveren Raymond L. Vargas Dr. Manfred von Borks Robert W. Waldele Laurence S. Watkins Todd J. Wesolowski L. Elwood West Daniel E. Whitney, Ph.D. John J. Williams Ernest E. Witschi John F. Wittibschlager J. A. Witz Ronald L. Wolff James B. Wood W. Lewis Wood, Jr. J. Waiter Woodbury Craig A. Woodworth Xcel Energy Foundation Eli Yablonovitch

Advocate ($25 to $99)Anonymous (14) Einar A. Aagaard Kirkwood E. Adderley Morton M. Aguado David J. Ahlgren John L. Aker Ray E. Aker Virginia L. Aldrich William A. Alfano, Jr. Joseph Alfieri Donald P. Allan Bjorn Allebrand Johnathan Allen, Ph.D. William D. Allen Hassan Alnaimi H. Louis Althaus Rasaq O. Amoda Constantine

Anagnostopoulos Gary A. Anderson James A. Anderson John L. Andrews Robert F. Anelli Peter G. Angelides Fiorenzo Ardemagni John R. Armstrong Wolfgang O. Arnold * George T. Aschenbrenner Paul A. Ashley Bishnu S. Atal

John G. Atwood Edward F. Augst John P. Aurelius Roger M. Avery Steve Bacic William C. Bagley Keith D. Baker Peter M. Balma Manzoor A. Baloch David L. Barber Frank E. Barber Stanley Baron Mr. Henry R. Barracano Edwin C. Barringer Leopoldo Barrios Jesus J. Bartolome John K. Bates, Jr. John D. Bauer Richard A. Baumgartner James C. Beck Anwar A. Beg Masood N. Beg David G. Belanger David J. Belanger Thaddeus G. Bell Nigel A. Benfield Alton A. Berg Martin M. Berndt Theodore Bernstein Thomas R. Bertolino Dileep P. Bhandarkar Theodore A. Bickart Reid E. Bicknell Aaron T. Bigman John D. Bingley George A. Bishop, III Keith Bisset, Ph.D. Robert R. Bitmead, Ph.D. John R. Blackman Terence G. Blake, Ph.D. Arthur J. Blakely Allan L. Blanchard Gene E. Blankenship, PE Neal A. Bodin Arthur Bodmer Vernon C. Boileau Thomas Boinay Tom C. Bonsett Stanley R. Booker Charles W. Bostian, Ph.D. Donald R. Bouchard Richard P. Bowen Bradley A. Boytim

Allen H. Brady Don C. Bramlett Donald A. Brandon F. M. Brasch Sam J. Breidt William D. Breingan Donald R. Brennan Michael W. Brewen E. Bridges William B. Bridges William H. Bridwell, Jr. James E. Brittain Ralph W. Bromley Douglas A. Brooke Howard A. Brooks George Broomell Kyle Brown Wyatt Brown, Jr. Vern J. Brownell Charles Brugger J. Stephen Brugler William Buchman Donald E. Burke Thomas G. Burket G. E. Buroker William Butuk Eric Cachin Arthur L. Cader Dr. James T. Cain Edward W. Calhan Edwin T. Calkin Paul M. Calmes Frank J. Campisano Ezzelino Campolongo Ivan Persio De A. Campos Barney L. Capehart, Ph.D. David C. Carbonari Herbert R. Carleton James W. Carlin Frederick F. Carlson Gene S. Carlson Robert A. Carlstrom William F. Carnes Steven M. Carter Clifford D. Caseley Ralph Casper Peter F. Cassola Octavio Castelloes J. Michael Cathcart William K. Cavender Michael W. Ceigler Eduard Cerny Ramon P. Chambers

10 *Deceased

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Kin Man K. Chan John D. Charlton Ronald J. Chase Sin H. Cheah Gordon Chen A. M. Chitnis Kon Chung Choi Russell B. Chorpenning Donald Christiansen Hsin Chih Chung Alan G. Chynoweth Micheal K. Ciraula Jerry D. Claiborne Robert L. Clark Richard C. Clarke William J. Clarke Anaida Classen Anne M. Cleary William A. Clementson Peter Clinton R. R. Coatsworth Nathaniel Cohen James Colker Harley L. Collins James C. Collins R. E. Compton Michael P. Connolly Kenneth A. Connor, Ph.D. Ray Connors James M. Cook Michael J. Corinthios Nick Cosmo Don E. Cottrell Lewis W. Counts Anthony C. Cowin Michael P. Craig Gregory P. Crump Niculita-Sergiu Curteanu Robert A. Curtis, Ph.D. Terry J. Dahlquist Daniel F. Daly Alberto Dams Robert G. Daniels H. T. Darlington Charles F. Davis, Jr. Theodore E. Dawson Trevor G. De La Motte Menno N. De Vries Robert M. Deiters Jack B. Dennis John M. Derrick, Jr. Bruce C. Detterich Stanley R. Dickstein Robert W. Dietrich

Steven D. Dietrich Bryan J. Dietz Anthony A. Dill Rodman E. Doll Carlo P. Domenichini Thomas E. Donoho Ruth Douglas-Miller, Ph.D. R. F. Drake John G. Driscoll John C. Duemler James W. Duncan Thomas K. Duncan Egons K. Dunens Irvin D. Dunmire, Ph.D. W. Dutfield Bruce C. Eastmond Murray Eden Marvin J. Edwards Albert W. Egli Albert D. Ehrenfried Charles W. Eichhorn Rutherford L. Ellis, Jr. Maurice S. Elzas Jon N. Elzey Lawrence W. Emark, Jr. David E. Engle Milos D. Ercegovac, Ph.D. Anthony J. Estrada Phillip Euler Roderick J. Evenson John E. Farley Patrick G. Farrell Guy C. Fedorkow Weston A. Fenner Leonard W. Finnell Lewis T. Fitch Charles E. Fitterer John D. Fletcher P. A. Florig James A. Fogle Dianne Forman James F. Forren Gerard J. Foschini Michael H. Francis Lawrence T. Frase Stelian-Mirel Frasineanu Felix Freimann Jeffrey A. Friedhoffer Yoichi Fujii Yasuhiro Fujita Osamu Fujiwara Tadashi Fukao Hatsuaki Fukui Robert J. Fulmer

James E. Furber Bipin V. Gami Emilio C. Gatti Robert D. Gattis Frank S. Gengaro Issachar S. Gerlitz Adolf J. Giger Elmer G. Gilbert Michael J. Gill Grace E. Giras Alexander J. Glass Jerry Goerz Daniel F. Goessling Harold S. Goldberg Joel M. Goldberg Samuel Goldfarb Moshe Goldstein Keith W. Golke Hector Q. Gonzalez Beverley R. Gooch David E. Good D. J. Gooding William H. Gorder Richard J. Gorzegno LeRoy C. Graham Robert A. Graham Donald A. Grandis Anders Granhall Willard S. Grant Fred L. Granville Myron Greenbaum John F. Greenwald Leonard D. Greer Randall V. Gressang Thomas N. Grigsby Peter S. Grinnell, Jr. Ramon N. Grossi, Jr. Francis B. Grosz, Jr. Calvin E. Grubbs Paul A. Grygier, Ph.D. John J. Guagliardo Bernard S. Gurman Hammond H. Haas Michael V. Haddad William S. Haddock, Jr. Marion Hagler Henry P. Hall John H. Haller George H. Hallnor Masanao Hamai John W. Hamilton John D. Harnden, Jr. Robert T. Harnett R. Amos Harold, Jr.

Edgar D. Harras Paul T. Harrell Ernest R. Harris Dr. James S. Harris, Jr. Laurie F. Harris Arne Hatlestad J. Scott Hawker Clark M. Hay · James H. Haynes Jeffrey C. Hecht Gerald P. Heckert Walter E. Heinlein Wayne R. Heinmiller Donald N. Heirman David Heise J. Thomas Heislein A. L. Henrichsen Rolf Henriksen, Ph.D. Harry E. Herchert Luc M. Hermans Donna Herrick William M. Hester Karlene Hewan-Lowe William D. Hibbard, Jr. Douglas W. Hill Edward J. Hilliard, Jr. Cyril Hilsum Felix A. Himmelstoss Elliott P. Hinely Steven O. Hobbs Alan E. Hochhalter David M. Hodgin, Jr. David F. Hoerl James H. Hoffman George D. Hogan Byron R. Hohrein, III Milton Hollander D. L. Hollway George E. Holz Peter J. Holzer Philip J. Hopkinson William Hoppa Roy F. Huemer Herbert H. Hunt William P. Hunt Roy K. Idehara Masao Ikeda, Ph.D. Toshio Imai Hirosei Inuzuka Charles E. Isbell Rokuya Ishii Boyd P. Israelsen Fumitada Itakura Katsuyoshi Ito

Sadao Itoh Thomas R. Iversen Isao Iyoda David R. Jackson, Ph.D. George T. Jacobi George Jacobs John M. Jacobs Vincent John De Jager Sudhanshu K. Jain Uwe Jansen Jouko Jarvi Mark W. Jarvis Max Jedda Jon M. Jenkins, Ph.D. Javier E. Jimenez Vilayil I. John Clifford W. Johnson David C. Johnson Martin R. Johnson Robert A. Johnson Elizabeth T. Johnston Paul E. Johnston Curtis A. Jones Leon T. Jones Merrill D. Jones Thomas M. Jones Marcel Joss Kenneth Kable Motoji Kado Walter E. Kaelin Robert E. Kahn, Ph.D. Stephen J. Kahne Yoshio Kami Adriaan J. Kampstra Laveen N. Kanal Carroll F. Kane M. R. Karim Makoto Katsurai Karen Kaufman Hirokazu Kawabata Shigeo Kazama Lawrence Kazmerski Charles R. Keagle William R. Kelley Bruce R. Kendall, Ph.D. Jeremy Kierstead Chul Joo Kim E. Kimura Dieter Kind Richard R. Kinsey Robert G. Kinsman Lyle D. Kipp, Ph.D. Bruce B. Kittams Brian W. Kline

Rex C. Klopfenstein Martin R. Knapp-Cordes Hsien Ching Ko Ryuichi Kobayashi Yoshio Kobayashi Frieda L. Koester Toshio Koga Karl E. Kohlrus David P. Koller Rikio Konno Michael W. Koop Paul R. Korney Thomas M. Kowalick William O. Kramer Francis X. Krier Reynir Kristbjornsson Frederic A. Kuhlemeier Wolfgang H. Kummer Alexander J. Kunkle Michael E. Kunsman Arthur Kunst Noriyoshi Kuroyanagi James F. Kviatkofsky James W. Kyle William F. Lake H. R. Lamberth Barry M. Landson G. Gordon Lange Richard C. Lanza David A. Lapinski Dr. Arvid G. Larson Richard E. Larson Clifford Lau Stefan Lauffenburger Kalevi Laukkanen Robert W. Lautenschlager Harold W. Lawson James R. Lawson Hans P. Leander Irwin L. Lebow Albert C. Lee Virgil G. Leenerts Knut R. Leer E. E. Lehtola Donald L. Leichtweis Will E. Leland, Ph.D. Cecil C. Lencioni, Jr. Hugh G. Leney Gabriel Lengyel, Ph.D. Howard Lessey James D. Lester Donald E. Lewis Edwin R. Lewis, Ph.D. Eric Lewis

*Deceased

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DONOR HONOR ROLLMr. and Mrs. Richard I.

Lewis Kenneth Lipman Neal E. Lockwood Michael D. Lore Jack M. Loudon Milen L. Loukantchevsky Stig Lovstad Donald L. Lowe David W. Luce John W. Luce Louis A. Luceri Edgar J. Luecke George E. Lyness J. S. MacKelvie Christoph E. Mahle William E. Maier, Jr. James H. Malinowski D. L. Maly Peter A. Mandics David Manning Pierre B. Mansourian William C. Marchand Marietta A. Marchitelli John Marczewski Laurence V. Marks John E. Marqullan Thomas W. Marrs E. Masada Berna L. Massingill Keiju Matsui Hidehiro Matsumoto Misao Matsushita Kevin G. McCarthy Tron McConnell J. Kevin McCoy William M. McDermid William T. McGarrigle John D. McKendree Peter G. McLaren Bert A. McLean A. J. McNerney Lewis Meier, III Catalin Meirosu David Menasce Microsoft Corporation Leon R. Migdalski C. Michael Miglore Norman L. Mikesell Zeljko Miksic Genaro O. Millan Douglas L. Miller John W. Miller

Dieter A. Mlynski Yukou Mochida Chinnarao Mokkapati J. Roger Moody Bernard G. Morais Tolga J. Morawski Ross P. Morley John G. Morrison Karl N. Mortensen Allan S. Moskowitz A. V. A. Mueller Thomas E. Muldowney Philip G. Mullen John P. Mulvey Michael J. Munroe Kendall H. Murakami Kazuo Murano H. Deon Murphy Stephen T. Murphy William F. Murphy Charles R. Murray James B. Murray Theodore J. Myers Leonard T. Mygatt, III Christian W. Myrstad J. H. Nadenau Michio Naito Takehiro Nakagawa Dr. Tsuneo Nakahara Takuma Nakamura Anthony P. Napikoski Robert T. Nash Jimmy R. Naylor Marvin A. Needler Charles M. Nelson Jeremiah Nelson Robert E. Nelson Raymond I. Nerenberg Robert L. Nevin Robert W. Newcomb Thomas F. Newell J. William Newitt Keith L. Nicodemus Paul Nielsen Jan M. Niemiec Motonao Niizuma N. Joergen A. Nilsson Martin Nisenoff Norman E. Nitschke J. Noordanus, Ph.D. Richard Norman Josef A. Nossek Donald W. Novotny

Joseph Nutaro Timothy W. Oakley Cary B. O'Brien Walter Obweger John J. O'Donnell Masami Ogita Richard J. Ohnemus Yasumitsu Okabe Toru Okumura Wallace Oliver Anders Olsson Robert J. O'Malley, Jr. Morio Onoe David O. Onstad Michael R. Osborne John M. Osepchuk Abraham J. Osofsky Nobunori Oura Gary L. Owens Terence H. Oxley Raymond J. Page Henry A. Pahl Christopher L. Painter Paul D. Palmer Paul H. Palmquist Gary M. Palter Thomas A. Panfil Loyal C. Park Joe D. Parrott Yadollah Parvizi Peregrin Pascual Bernard M. Pasternack Donald A. Patterson William R. Patterson Thomas J. Pavlik David R. Payne Arona Pearlstein Don E. Peck Robert M. Pedigo William B. Pennebaker M. L. Pepper, Jr. Edward G. Perkins George J. Peroni Lloyd J. Perper Robert G. Pessler Michael A. Peterson Mary Ellen Petrich Charles A. Pfeiffer John R. Pickering Edward S. Pierson Chloe N. Pile Jaime C. Plana Richard G. Pogson

Donald N. Pontsler Marian W. Pospieszalski Edwin L. Post Neils R. Poulsen John H. Powers Arnold Press Alfredo Previ Steven D. Prough Hans B. Puttgen Yudh V. Rajput Uwe K. Rakowsky Robert W. Ramsey, Jr. Shrikant T. Ranade Richard R. Rau John W. Read R. V. Rebbapragada Konrad Reichert Donald B. Reid Paul F. Reimel Thomas Reinhold Luis A. Remez John W. Rhodes V. T. Rhyne Francesco Ricci James K. Richardson Stephen L. Richter, Ph.D. George P. Rigg John D. Riner, Jr. Marlin P. Ristenbatt, Ph.D. Peter A. Rizzi John R. Roberts Malcolm A. Roberts Roland W. Roberts Donald G. Robinson N. David Robinson, M. D. William Rodriguez Kenneth C. Rogers Mark R. Rognstad Harry T. Roman Alexandru Romanescu David M. Rosenbaum Hugh C. Ross John E. Rossi Rodney S. Rougelot Carey V. Rowan Thomas W. Rowan Charles Rubenstein, Ph.D. Robert Eric Russell Mark D. Rustad Janet C. Rutledge, Ph.D. H. Ryser William H. Sahm, III Ali Saleh

Martin J. Salter Alexander Samarin Ahmed H. Sameh I. Aguilar Sanchez Rony Sanelli John R. Sanford Ralph P. Santoro Eugene W. Sard Debabrata Sarma Hajime Sasaki Anonymous Stephen A. Scandalis Peter M. Schaeffer Lee M. Schaff J. Z. Schanker Harry E. Schauwecker, PE G. A. Scherer Frank E. Schink Ernest J. Schirmer William C. Schmidt Martin S. Schmookler Michael Schueller Richard F. Schwartz Cameron C. Schweitzer Lawrence M. Sears Richard L. Seibel Samuel Sensiper E. N. Shadeed Daniel H. Sheingold Noordin N. Sheriff Fred E. Shoemaker Ernest F. Shoji Dr. and Mrs. Dragoslav

D. Siljak Michael D. Silver Peter M. Silverberg James M. Simmers William W. Simmons Virgil Siouris Paul Skritek Dennis P. Slack Leo Slobodin Richard H. Small Jeffrey A. Smith Kelvin C. Smith Merlin G. Smith Roger D. Smith T. L. Smith Charles M. Snow, Ph.D. Clark A. Snyder Candido A. Soares Erik L. Soderburg Harry P. Solomon

Hideaki Sone Harry E. Spain, Jr. James C. Spencer Douglas H. Sphar Marc Standaert Stephen D. Stearns Eldon Eldon Steelman Juergen Stenzel Karl D. Stephan William Y. Stevens A. C. Stevenson David A. Stevenson Thomas L. Stewart C. M. Stickley Heinrich J. Stockmanns John R. Stoltz Fred L. Streltzer Loran W. Stringer Vincent P. Stulginskis Branislav Stupar Tadasi Sueta Koji F. Suginuma, Ph.D. Yukiyasu Suguri Christopher J. Summers,

Ph.D. Carl-Erik W. Sundberg Jerome J. Suran Jon M. Surprise Hiroshi Suzuki Paul Svetz Robert S. Swanstrom D. W. Swearingen James Morris Swiger Thomas L. Szabo James F. Tacker, Jr. Nils A. Tafvelin Gary S. Tahlmore Ichiro Tai Sanae Takahashi Daniella Talker Frank K. Tamney Atsushi Tanaka Takayuki Tanaka John Tardy Peter P. Tarjan Boyd C. Taylor * Pierre Tchatchoua Howard A. Teitelbaum John T. Tengdin Shinichi Terashima R. C. Terreault R. S. Terry Herbert L. Thal, Jr.

*Deceased

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Issue 97 March 2015BIBLIOGRAPHY

13

Carsten Thielecke Richard M. Thomas, II C J. Thompson Charles T. Thompson John R. Thompson Carl S. Tinch, Jr. William F. Tinney William L. Tippitt Willis J. Tompkins Loi Tien Tran Larry L. Tretter Anthony Troiano Henry J. Trussell Kiichiro Tsuji Yoshihiro Tsujino K. Tsukada Thomas A. Tullia Howard L. Turetzky Charles W. Turner Shingo Uchihashi Eric A. Udren Alan C. Udy Thomas Ueki

Paul D. Ulland Marc A. Ullman Victor C. Urrutia Roberto Vaccaro John A. Van Dyk Luke Van Dyk Wilhelmus C. Van Etten William B. Van Lennep Gene L. Vancuren Pedro Vaquer-Comas Matti Vasara George C. Verghese Verizon Foundation Mark Vernon N. G. Vershuren Percy B. Vinet, Jr. Federico A. Viramontes Herbert B. Voelcker, Jr. Alexander Volk Walter W. Vollenweider Beat Von Arx Christian Walker Michael S. Walker

Philip C. Warder Curtis M. Warthen Paul Warun Thomas J. Waters Stephen C. Weary Edward A. Weaver Thomas L. Weaver Charles W. Weesner Frode Weierud Claude M. Weil Timothy R. Weil I. Marvin Weilerstein Maurice Weiner Clifford Weinstein, Ph.D. Iram J. Weinstein Stephen B. Weinstein Martin Werner Denise P. Wernikoff Roger A. Westphal Frank W. Whalen Stanley A. White Willis S. White, Jr. Howard E. Whitston

Paul R. Wiancko Jimmy W. Wickiser Keith R. Wilbur Thomas G. Wildman Franz Wildner J. Claude Williamson

in memory of Donald V. Rider

Gert Willmann Donald G. Wilson John T. Wilson Arthur W. Winston B. E. Winter

Ekkehard Wittig Peter M. Wolter Van E. Wood Ronald D. Woods Frank Woodworth Robert B. Worth William F. Wray Mrs. Catherine Wright

in Memory of Charles Wright

Kenneth K. Wu Earl O. Wukasch Goro Yabe

Shuzo Yajima James P. Yakura Yasushi Yamamoto Russell N. Yeckley Mitsuo Yokoyama Isami Yoshihara Richard C. Young Chih-Ping Yu Alexander Yuill-Thornton, II Albert F. Zeller John B. Zocchi, Jr. Brian J. Zook, Ph.D.

This Donor Roll of Honor recognizes donors who contributed $25 or more to the IEEE History Center Funds of the IEEE Foundation during calendar year 2014.The IEEE History Center extends a special thank you to those donors who are notincluded here.

The IEEE Development Office makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of the listing, including proper acknowledgement of gifts and correct spelling. Pleasenotify us of omissions or errors by sending an e-mail to [email protected] or calling +1 732 465 5871.

*Deceased

BIBLIOGRAPHY

THE BIRTH OF ELECTRIC TRACTION:THE EXTRAORDINARY LIFE OF INVENTOR FRANK J. SPRAGUEby Frank Rowsome Jr., published by the IEEE History Center

Frank Julian Sprague has often been called the inventor of public transportation. In ad-dition to his developments in electric traction, Sprague made enormous contributions inthe areas of control and safety, without which mass transit would not be possible.Sprague developed automatic signal and brake control for railroads, and an auxiliarytrain control to take charge if the driver made a mistake. He was active in the planningand construction of New York City’s subway system, and in the electrification of GrandCentral Terminal.

Sprague believed that “Transportation is the key of civilization…for without it our ex-isting social structure would collapse.” Among Sprague's other achievements are the in-troduction of electric elevators and of electric power units suitable for machine tools,printing presses, dentist's drills, and labor-saving conveniences in the home.

Rowsome’s engaging and colorful biography not only gives a detailed view ofSprague as a person, but also Sprague’s approach to design and problem-solving. Nu-merous personal, and sometimes quite humorous, anecdotes bring Sprague, his assis-tants, and the early history of electric railroads to life.

Frank Rowsome Jr. is probably now most famous for The Verse by the Side of theRoad (1966), but he was also managing editor of Popular Science Monthly and laterbecame NASA’s chief of technical publications.

ISBN 9 7181490955346 Available from Amazon.com in hard copy and on Kindle.http://www.amazon.com/The-Birth-Electric-Traction-extraordinary/dp/1490955348/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1395169365&sr=8-1&keywords=birth+of+electric+traction

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IEEE History Center BIBLIOGRAPHY

14

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BLUM, ANDREW,Tubes: A Journey to the Center of the Internet,Ecco Books: 2012

By Sheldon Hochheiser

While not—except incidentally—abook of history, many readers of thisnewsletter will likely find this book aninteresting and engaging read. Whilethe internet is most often thoughtabout in abstract conceptual terms,Blum undertook the task of exploringand describing the internet in physi-cal terms—as actual pipes of fiberoptic strands carrying messagesacross cities and around the world onpulses of light, as physical buildingswhere the messages are handed offfrom one carrier’s fiber to another’s

on their way to their destination, and as data centers were the information is stored. He constructed his book as a physical jour-ney, a geek’s travelogue, to locations around the world where thephysical internet is located, from hubs in places including NewYork, Vienna Virginia, Amsterdam, and London, to cables runningunder city streets to places where submarine cables emerge fromthe ocean, He explains how all these things come together to provide the physical infrastructure upon which modern communi-cations is grounded.

Ecco Press, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers, New York.Paperback, $15.99. ISBN 978-0061994951. 271 pages, Index.

JELVED, KAREN, and ANDREW D. JACKSON, eds. and trans.The Travel Letters of H. C. Ørsted, The Royal DanishAcademy of Sciences and Letters, 2011

By Alexander B. Magoun

Academic researchers are encour-aged to reflect on their careers andlives through the letters that HansChristian Ørsted wrote while travel-ing in Europe between 1800 and1846. He shares your interests andconcerns: grants and patronage, thenature of parties, theory and practice,the quality of culture, new equip-ment, intellectual disputes and stim-ulation, attending to a spouse andraising children, and the politicizationof science. His adaptation to newforms of transportation—i.e., the

steam locomotive—is analogous to converting from postal com-munications to internet and wireless. In fine translation as in theoriginal Danish, Ørsted writes well and warmly about the industri-alizing world around him, bringing to life the man usually knownfor one set of brilliant experiments, if not as a unit of measurement.

Available from: The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Let-ters, Copenhagen, Denmark, Telephone 45 33 43 53 00, Fax 4533 43 53 01, Email [email protected],www.royalacademy.dk/The-Travel-Letters-of-H.-C.-%C3%98rsted.aspx?ID=382, DKR 450.00, paperback, ISBN 9788773043608, xxix + 536 pp.

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Issue 97 March 2015

Your contributions to the IEEE History Center Fund preserve the heritage of the profession and its contributions to humanity. We invite you to find out more about the Center and its programs at http://www.ieee.org/about/history_center/index.html and more about the IEEE Global History Network at www.ieeeghn.org

Donations to the IEEE History Center Fund may be designated for general use to support IEEE history activitities, to support collection and posting of Oral History interviews of importantinnovators, and to build the History Center endowment. You may donate online athttps://www.ieeefoundation.org/donate or by mail.

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