Forschungsstelle Asia Minor im Seminar für Alte Geschichte

Institut für Klassische Archäologie und Christliche Archäologie

der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster

Seminar für Klassische Archäologie der Onsekiz Mart Universität i;annakkale

NikaiahNikomedia

konstantin isclie

Im erial Residence and Site ot Councils

mlie MetroRolitan Region o�

from tlie Severan to tlie

Nikaia/,Nikomedia

Constantine P.eriod

Tagung vom 25. bis 27. März 2019, Landhaus Rothenberge bei Münster

26

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Outline ........................................................................................................... 4

Programme .................................................................................................... 6

Abstracts ....................................................................................................... 9

Tønnes Bekker-Nielsen ............................................................................ 9

Ayşe Dalyancı-Berns ..............................................................................10

Ahmet Ali Altın ...................................................................................... 11

Mustafa Şahin ...................................................................................... 12

Hüseyin Sami Öztürk ............................................................................. 14

Christof Berns ........................................................................................ 15

Tuna Şare Ağtürk . .............................................................................................16

Rıdvan Gölcük/ Şengül Aydıngün ............................................................17

Johannes Nollé ...................................................................................... 18

Peter Weiß ............................................................................................ 19

Barbora Weissová ................................................................................. 20

Ernst Emanuel Mayer ............................................................................. 21

Klaus Zimmermann ............................................................................... 22

Conveners .................................................................................................... 23

List of Participants ....................................................................................... 24

How to find Haus Rothenberge ...................................................................... 25

4 OUTLINE

KAISERRESIDENZ UND KONZILSORT Die Metropolregion Nikaia/Nikomedia von severischer bis in konstantinische Zeit

Kaiserresidenz und Konzilsort – das westbithynische Städtepaar Nikomedeia und Nikaia weckt beim Altertumswissenschaftler auf Anhieb prominente Assozia-tionen, wenngleich eine Gegenüberstellung „politisches vs. religiöses“ oder „heidnisches vs. christliches Zentrum“ bei weitem zu kurz griffe. Koexistenz und Rivalität beider verkehrsgünstig gelegener Städte gehen bis auf ihre hellenis-tischen Ursprünge zurück und prägten die Geschichte der Region über Jahrhunderte. Längst besitzt das Diktum Friedrich Karl Dörners, „die vor den Toren der ehemaligen Hauptstadt der Türkei gelegene bithynische Halbinsel“ sei bisher „recht stiefmütterlich gegenüber anderen, viel schwieriger und mühseliger zu

erreichenden Teilen von Kleinasien behandelt worden“, keine Gültigkeit mehr; im Gegenteil: Beide Orte sind in den letzten Jahren Schauplatz ausgiebiger archäologischer Untersuchungen sowie Gegenstand numismatischer, epigraphi-scher und landeskundlicher Studien geworden.

Anliegen des von der Forschungsstelle Asia Minor im Seminar für Alte Geschichte und dem Institut für Klassische Archäologie und Christliche Archäologie der Universität Münster in Kooperation mit der Universität Çanakkale geplanten Kolloquiums ist es, rezente Funde von beiden Orten im Kontext von Fragen nach kulturellem Milieu und städtischer Lebenswelt zu präsentieren und in eine aktualisierte Gesamtschau auf den historischen Raum, seine politischen, gesellschaftlichen, administrativen, ökonomischen und religiösen Strukturen und Entwicklungen einzuordnen. Der Untersuchungszeitraum vom Beginn der Severer-dynastie bis in konstantinische Zeit durchbricht bewusst herkömmliche Epochen-konvention, um gezielt die Transformationsprozesse zwischen Kaiserzeit und Spätantike in ihren Auswirkungen auf die Metropolregion östlich von Bosporus und Propontis in den Blick zu nehmen.

5 OUTLINE

IMPERIAL RESIDENCE AND SITE OF COUNCILS The metropolitan region of Nikomedia/Nikaia from the Severan to the Constantinian period

Imperial residence and site of councils – the western Bithynian twin cities, Nikomedeia and Nikaia, immediately arouse many associations, even though a contrast of 'political’ vs. 'religious’ or ‘pagan’ vs. ‘Christian’ is only part of the story. The coexistence and rivalry of the two well-situated cities go back to their Hellenistic origins and shaped the history of the region for centuries. For a long time, the dictum of Friedrich Karl Dörner, that the Bithynian peninsula situated at the gates of the former capital of Turkey had been quite neglected compared to other parts of Asia Minor that are much more difficult to reach, is no longer valid. On the contrary: both places have in recent years become the scene of extensive archaeological investigations as well as the subject of numismatic, epigraphic and regional studies. The colloquium planned by the Research Center Asia Minor in the Department of Ancient History and the Institute for Classical Archeology and Christian Archeology of the University of Münster in cooperation with the University of Çanakkale aims at contextualizing recent finds from both places within the broader region and within their urban milieus. This is achieved by tackling archaeological, literary, epigraphic and numismatic sources related to political, social, administrative, economic and religious structures. The investigation period from the beginning of the Severan to the Constantinian Dynasty deliberately crosses conventional chronological boundaries in order to focus specifically on the transformation processes between imperial and late antiquity and the impact on the metropolitan area east of the Bosporus and the Propontis.

6 PROGRAMME

Montag, 25. März 2019

10:00 Treffen der TeilnehmerInnen und Fahrt mit dem Bus nach Rothenberge Treffpunkt: Münster, Schlossplatz, Hauptportal des Schlosses

12:00 Gemeinsames Mittagessen

13:15 Begrüßung (Prof. Dr. Engelbert Winter)

13:30 Prof. Dr. Tønnes Bekker-Nielsen (Odense) Parallel Lives or a Tale of Two Cities? Nikomedia and Nikaia from Hellenism to Late Antiquity

I. NIKAIAChair: Prof. Dr. Engelbert Winter / Prof. Dr. Achim Lichtenberger

14:15 Dipl. Ing. AYŞE DALYANCI-BERNS (Berlin) The fortification wall as a symbol of urban identity: The cityscape of Nicaea in the 3rd century

15:00 AHMET ALI ALTIN M.A. (Bursa/Bochum) Die Tradition der Sarkophagbestattung im Nikaia des 3. Jhs. n. Chr.

15:45 Kaffeepause

16:15 Prof. Dr. MUSTAFA ŞAHIN (Bursa) Neue Ausgrabungen und Forschungen in der Basilika im See von İznik

17:00 Dr. HÜSEYIN SAMI ÖZTÜRK (Istanbul) Epigraphic surveys in the territory of Nicaia (between 2010 and 2018)

18:00 Gemeinsames Abendessen

20:00 Abendvortrag Prof. Dr. CHRISTOF BERNS (Hamburg) Kontinuität und Wandel des urbanen Raumes im Nikaia des 3. Jahrhunderts

7 PROGRAMME

Dienstag, 26. März 2019 8:30 Gemeinsames Frühstück

II. NIKOMEDIAChair: Prof. Dr. Klaus Zimmermann

9:15 Assoc. Prof. Dr. TUNA ŞARE AĞTÜRK (Çanakkale/Harvard) The Self Image of a ‘New’ Imperial Capital City on the Tetrarchic Reliefs of Nicomedia

10:00 RIDVAN GÖLCÜK, M.A. / Dr. ŞENGÜL AYDINGÜN (İzmit) Finds from a new 3rd century necropolis in Nicomedia

10:45 Kaffeepause

11:15 Prof. Dr. JOHANNES NOLLÉ (München) Nikomedeias führende Gottheiten im 3. Jh. n. Chr. ‚Business as usual‘ oder Spiegelungen der Reichskrise?

12:00 Gemeinsames Mittagessen

14:00 Prof. Dr. PETER WEIß (Kiel) Wir sind wir. Die Marktgewichte von Nikaia als Medium der Selbstdarstellung gegenüber Nikomedeia

III. DIE METROPOLREGION NIKAIA / NIKOMEDIAChair: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tuna Şare Ağtürk

14:45 Dr. BARBORA WEISSOVÁ (Bochum) Road System and Ancient Metropolises – What Was First? Case Study in Bithynia

15:30 Kaffeepause

8 PROGRAMME

16:00 Prof. Dr. ERNST EMANUEL MAYER (Singapur) From Basileia to Palatium: The Evolution of Palace Architecture and the Transformation of the Roman Monarchy

16:45 Prof. Dr. KLAUS ZIMMERMANN (Münster) Kaiserresidenz und Konzilsort: zwei epigraphische Profile?

17:30 Abschlussdiskussion

18:00 Empfang

20:00 Geselliges Beisammensein

Mittwoch, 2. März 2019

8:30 Gemeinsames Frühstück

10:00 Abreise der Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer mit dem Bus nach Münster

9 ABSTRACTS

TØNNES BEKKER-NIELSEN University of Southern Denmark

PARALLEL LIVES OR A TALE OF TWO CITIES? NIKOMEDIA AND NIKAIA FROM HELLENISM TO LATE ANTIQUITY

From the third book of Herodian’s History (c. 240 AD) to the iconic article on “La Titulature de Nicée et de Nicomédie: la gloire et la haïne” by Louis Robert (1977), the story of Nikaia and Nikomedia has been told and retold as a narrative of the mutually destructive urban rivalry that was symptomatic of Greek communities under the Roman Empire: “the Greek disease”. There is no denying that Nikaians and Nikomedians were at least as ambitious on behalf of their communities as the citizens of any other cities in the Greek east, and that they were sometimes abnormally jealous of each other’s successes: a jealousy attested by their inscriptions, their coinage and by the comments of an outside observer, the rhetorician Dio of Prusa. Even so, a historical discourse focused on their mutual rivalry carries the risk of capturing only the distorted images of the two cities as they were reflected in one another’s perceptions, rather than seeing the true portraits of two independent communities with their own distinct features and narratives. By tracing the biographies of both cities, their political institutions and socio-economic characteristics and trying to locate each one in its geographical, political and geopolitical setting within the wider context of Royal and Roman Bithynia, this paper will attempt to delineate their parallel, but sometimes divergent historical trajectories and their interplay over the longue durée from early Hellenism to late Antiquity.

10 ABSTRACTS

AYŞE DALYANCI-BERNS Technical University of Berlin

THE FORTIFICATION WALL AS A SYMBOL OF URBAN IDENTITY: THE CITYSCAPE OF NICAEA IN THE 3RD CENTURY

In the middle of the 3rd century AD the cityscape of Nicaea changed dramatically when a large-scale project to fortify the city was realised. The walls were by far the largest construction that has been built in Roman Imperial Nicaea. Enclosing the town completely by a huge wall brought a number of changes to daily life. Once built, the fortifications clearly defined the border between the urban and rural parts of Nicaea’s territory and limited their connectivity. At the same time the impressive building demonstrated city’s power and magnificence.

In this paper I will analyse how the fortifications changed the way inhabitants and outsiders perceived the city. First I will discuss the structure and the aesthetic features of the building and their potential to communicate specific qualities of civic life. As a further step I will consider the impact of fortifications on other cities of Asia Minor during this period. Consequently my contribution will help understanding the impact of the newly built fortifications in Nicaea on the city’s urban identity.

11 ABSTRACTS

AHMET ALI ALTIN Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Arkeoloji Bölüm

THE TRADITION OF THE SARCOPHAGUS BURIAL

IN NIKAIA DURING THE 3RD CENTURY AD

The necropoleis of the ancient city of Nicaea, offer a large quantity of graves with different types of grave monuments from different periods. Sarcophagi and sarcophagi fragments from Nicaea are represented in a total of 160 examples, which provides valuable information as to the Roman burial customs of the city. The sarcophagus tradition in the city date back approximately to the late 1st – the early 2nd century AD. It is seen that the quantity and the typological diversity of the marble sarcophagi flourished during the 2nd century AD. After the beginning of the sarcophagus tradition in the city, both the sarcophagi produced in local workshops and the imported Sarcophagi from prominent production centers of Asia Minor such as Dokimeion and Proconnessos could be observed. In this presentation, primarily, potential transformations of the Sarcophagus customs during the 3rd century AD will be discussed. Then, the political, social and economic developments, which might have influenced the transformation of these customs will be presented.

12 ABSTRACTS

MUSTAFA ŞAHIN Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Arkeoloji Bölümü

NEW EXCAVATIONS AND RESEARCHES IN IZNIK LAKE BASILICA

The ruins of the structure in Iznik, Bursa, approximately 50 m in the Iznik Lake and 2-5 m in depth, were discovered by us in 2014. The ruins are located outside the fortification walls and on the shore. During the 2015 underwater survey, the survey of the existing structures was made and underwater excavations were started in the same year. Among the important remains discovered underwater are a basilica extending in the east-west direction, a temenos wall at the north of the basilica, and a large number of graves in and around the basilica structure. The basilica should be a church due to the fact that it stretches in the east-west direction and at the end of the middle nave in the east. Underwater excavations continue uninterruptedly under my scientific consultancy with the permission of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, under the directorship of Iznik Museum Directorate and with the support of Bursa Metropolitan Municipality. To date, the prothesis, apse and diaconicon sections of the building have been completely excavated. A sounding was made in front of the nave in the middle nave and excavations continued in the narthex section. Excavations aims to answer three questions: Is this the church of St. Neophytos who is the youngest martyr among the Christian Saints and a church was erected at the location where he was martyred outside the city wall of Nikaia on the lake shore? One of the frescoes in the Sistine Hall in the Vatican depicted the 1st Ecumenical Council of Nikaia held in 325. According to the composition, the Senate Palace, believed to be the meeting location, is located on the lake, outside the city walls. Can the 1st Council of Nikaia be gathered here? Finally, it is known that Roman Emperor Commodos built an Apollo temple outside of the city by the lake. Could the Temple of Apollo be under the foundations of the basilica?

13 ABSTRACTS

During the excavations carried out in front of the bema wall and in the apse, two graves were found under the bema wall. According to the coins in the tomb, the basilica should be built at a later date than AD 390. The section of the diaconicon, which contains a sarcophagus, must have been constructed in a different period compared to the north wall of the building. The diaconicon section probably indicates the grave chapel belonging to the first phase of the structure. The pilgrims' seals are another indicator of the importance of the basilica for Christians. Numerous 1st -2nd century pottery was found. The presence of an erotic figure among the finds also strengthens the possibility of a temple dating to an earlier period under the basilica.

14 ABSTRACTS

HÜSEYIN SAMI ÖZTÜRK Marmara Üniversitesi, Istanbul

A SUMMARY OF EPIGRAPHIC STUDIES (2010-2018) IN THE TERRITORY OF NICAEA (BITHYNIA)

Due to the archaeological and epigraphic potential of Pamukova-Geyve-Taraklı Districts of Province of Sakarya and Province of Bilecik and its districts, which lie in the ancient city of Nicaea, present day İznik, it attracted many travelers and scholars since mid-19th Century. Epigraphic surveys were undertaken in the area by Prof. Dr. Sencer ŞAHIN in the 1970s and 80s; however, it was not properly researched and studied in terms of epigraphy, historical geography and settlement history, in the next 30 years. In order to make up for this neglect, an epigraphic-historical geographical survey was started with the permission of Ministry of Culture and Tourism in Sakarya Pamukova, Gevye and Taraklı in 2010; in Bilecik Province Center, Osmaneli and Gölpazarı in 2012, under my directorship. Again, with the permission obtained from Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the entirety of Bilecik (2014) and Sakarya (2017) Provinces were included in the scope of survey. As a result of these surveys, which continued in 2018 as well, 450 inscriptions, most of which were not published, were recorded. Although the majority of them are funerary inscriptions, different types of inscriptions have been encountered, including many honorary decrees, milestones, a multitude of offering inscriptions dedicated to Zeus and other deities and numerous funerary epigrams.

15 ABSTRACTS

CHRISTOF BERNS Klassische Archäologie, Universität Hamburg

CONTINUITY AND CHANGE OF URBAN SPACE IN 3RD CENTURY NICAEA

Studies on the public space of Roman cities usually regard the third century AD as an epoch of far-reaching transformations. Accordingly, major construction projects have been realised less frequently than before, and the number of statues and inscriptions - hitherto widely used means of public communication - seems to have declined significantly. As Barbara Borg and Christian Witschel have demonstrated, these changes came along with new patterns of representation of the elites, who now preferred ephemeral media to demonstrate their power and reputation. At the same time, both authors have pointed to considerable local differences in the timing and character of the transformation process. Against this background, the lecture will investigate the question of how public space was handled in third century Nikaia. Can we observe rather a continuity of the city’s development in the high imperial period, or did the gothic attacks in the middle of the third century accelerate a decline of traditional city life? Since the area of the ancient city is largely overbuilt and its monuments are not preserved in situ except for the fortification walls, especially the rich evidence of spolia found in the urban area form an important source to answer this question.

16 ABSTRACTS

TUNA ŞARE AĞTÜRK Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Radcliffe Institute of Advanced Studies, Harvard University

THE SELF-IMAGE OF A ‘NEW’ IMPERIAL CAPITAL CITY ON THE TETRARCHIC RELIEFS OF NICOMEDIA

The consecutive rescue excavations of the Kocaeli Museum between 2001 and 2016 have revealed a series of painted marble reliefs from a monumental imperial complex in the Çukurbağ district, at the heart of modern İzmit. The complex dates from the late 3rd century and its reliefs form a continuous frieze with an astonishing combination of imperial, agonistic, mythological depictions. The importance of this discovery is hard to overstate. Later Roman Empire in the east, more specifically, emperor Diocletian’s imperial seat in Nicomedia, has now a defining monument. The research team of the ongoing Çukurbağ Archaeological Project (sponsored by TÜBITAK under my supervision) continues to investigate the multiple aspects of these reliefs with well-preserved colors, as well as the characteristics of the monumental structure they once decorated. After a brief report on the initial results of the Çukurbağ Archaeological Project, this paper will focus on the thematic program of the Nicomedia frieze. Three major themes used on the frieze relate to; Diocletian’s and Maximian’s adventus (perhaps in Nicomedia); the foundation myths of Nicomedia; and the sacred agonistic games held in Nicomedia. Through literary parallels, I will argue that the specific combination of these scenes shows an intention to propagate Nicomedia as the new seat of imperial power. The self-image of the city reflected in the thematic program of the reliefs present Nicomedia as having a respectable mythical past and a majestic present, great enough to host the co-emperors Diocletian and Maximian, and sacred agonistic games. Thus, the Nicomedia frieze could also be considered as a manifestation of the victory of Nicomedia over Nicaea in the famous intercity rivalry to become the leading city of Bithynia. As the ‘new’ capital, Nicomedia becomes the important city of not only Bithynia and but the whole Empire in the late 3rd century and this is well-celebrated in the thematic program of the reliefs of a monumental Diocletianic complex.

17 ABSTRACTS

RIDVAN GÖLCÜK / ŞENGÜL AYDINGÜN Kocaeli Müze Müdürlüğü Kocaeli Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Arkeoloji Bölümü

NIKOMEDIA WESTERN NECROPOLIS EXCAVATIONS

During the foundation excavation for an additional social facility building for the General Directorate of Metropolitan Municipality (ISU) of Izmit district of the Kocaeli Province in Turkey (D-100 Highway south border, Sekapark no: 59), ancient structures were recovered. The discovery was reported to the Kocaeli Museum Directorate. Museum officials identified three sarcophagi and other ancient burial remains during the initial examination. A new scientific team was gathered under the leadership of the Museum Directorate and a new rescue excavation initiated on the site. During the excavation, five sarcophagi and a brick wall behind the sarcophagi were recovered. Also, to the north. on the other side of the wall 36 tile graves, a cremation chamber and dozens of small finds were discovered. The sarcophagi which sat on a two-stepped platform was dated between 2nd and 4th centuries, while the tile graves were dated to the first half of the 4th century. The vast number of tombs has shown that the excavated area is a necropolis. If the excavation area can be extended in the future, many more tombs can be revealed.

The discovered Necropolis is located to the north of Izmit Bay, on a terraced area of an altitude of 8-6 meters above sea level. Since it is situated outside the western gate of the ancient city walls of Nicomedia, the necropolis is entitled as “Nikomedia Western Necropolis” by our team.

In this talk, the preliminary results of our rescue excavation and research conducted between April and December 2017 will be presented.

18 ABSTRACTS

JOHANNES NOLLÉ Alte Geschichte, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

NIKOMEDEIAS FÜHRENDE GOTTHEITEN IM 3. JH. N. CHR. ‚BUSINESS AS USUAL‘ ODER SPIEGELUNGEN DER REICHSKRISE

Nikomedeia’s civic coins reflect some of the critical developments which shape the 3rd c. AD and which also gave rise to label these times as a century of crisis. Even though the coins try hard to cover up the internal and external unrest of the empire, the emphasis on special subjects, the quality of the coins produced and the final end of civic minting may throw a revealing light on the feelings and sufferings of this period of Roman history. On the other hand Nikomedeia’s ‹Roman Provincial Coinage› minted during the 3rd c. AD was also used to demonstrate a special self-assurance and the pride in the centuries-old traditions of an ancient Greek city-state.

19 ABSTRACTS

PETER WEIß Institut für Klassische Altertumskunde, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel

WIR SIND WIR. DIE MARKTGEWICHTE VON NIKAIA ALS MEDIUM DER SELBSTDARSTELLUNG GEGENÜBER NIKOMEDEIA

The rivalry of the two most important cities in the province Pontus-Bithynia is widely known, mainly from inscriptions and abundant communal coinage. For Nikomedeia, objects of a different kind have emerged since the 1990ies: leaden communal market weights mentioning in detail emperors, governors, and even curatores civitatis on either face. So far, only one single weight was known for Nikaia, published shortly in 1904, and supplemented by a similar one in 2014, which has not yet been published. Both stathma demonstrate that Nikaia showed her prestige with a completely different theme ― images of her protecting gods and her mythic founders, as can also be gathered from the abundant coinage.

20 ABSTRACTS

BARBORA WEISSOVÁ Institut für Archäologische Wissenschaften, Ruhr-Universität Bochum

ROAD SYSTEM AND ANCIENT METROPOLISES – WHAT WAS FIRST? CASE STUDY IN BITHYNIA

’What was established first, roads or cities?’ The seemingly simple question frequently leads in archaeological discussions to causality dilemmas, ending up by declaring this issue for a chicken-and-egg problem. Based on the case study in NW Asia Minor, the present paper elucidates the dynamics and influential tendencies between the development of road systems and the establishment / growth of ancient cities. Matching proxies offered by the analysed area include presence of the supra-regional ‘Pilgrim’s road’ diagonally crossing the territory from NW to SE, and a rather conspicuous linear clustering of settlements along this communication. Importantly, the linear cluster encompasses both of the metropolises situated in the territory and represented by Nicaea and Nicomedia. The applied methodology includes spatial and temporal analyses of the development and maintenance of the road system and the settlements respectively. The interdependency is examined from the Hellenistic till the Late Imperial period. The broad chronological time-span enables capturing the very first establishments and following their gradual growth during the Roman period. Although the above-mentioned proxies stand in the focus of the study, the analyses consider all the documented communications and cities in the area. On the one hand, the outcomes demonstrate that there is not one universal answer to the question, but every case is somewhat different and unique in its development. On the other hand, the examined dataset allows for the definition of several parameters, decisive for solving the issue. Thus, the results of the case study might serve to answer a corresponding question elsewhere.

21 ABSTRACTS

ERNST EMANUEL MAYER

Yale-NUS College, Singapur

FROM BASILEIA TO PALATIUM: THE EVOLUTION OF PALACE ARCHITECTURE AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE ROMAN MONARCHY

This paper explores how the emergence of genuine palace architecture in the late 3rd century C.E. reflected the transformation of the Roman monarchy and the rise of bureaucratic government. Comparison with Ancient Indian and Han Chinese models of palace culture and architecture will provide further analytical traction.

22 ABSTRACTS

KLAUS ZIMMERMANN Seminar für Alte Geschichte / Forschungsstelle Asia Minor, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster

KAISERRESIDENZ UND KONZILSORT: ZWEI EPIGRAPHISCHE PROFILE?

As we know from literary, epigraphic and numismatic evidence, rivalry between the Bithynian capitals of Nikaia and Nikomedia sometimes reached odd proportions: Both were claiming the title of “First city of Bithynia” until the Niceans lost it and were even forced to erase it from their inscriptions by Septimius Severus; both were fiercely competing about the rank of their games with alternating success, according to the changing favor of Roman emperors. However, the story of rivalry tells us a lot about self-perceptions and ambitions, but few about the characteristics of both metropolises. Are there significant differences or profound similarities behind their rivalry? Having a look at the inscriptions – their topics, their contexts, their communication strategies – the paper attempts to develop some epigraphic profile of the neighboring cities, thus picking up the question raised by T. Bekker-Nielsen in the beginning of the colloquium under an epigraphic point of view.

CONVENERS 23

Prof. Dr. Achim Lichtenberger Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Klassische Archäologie und Christliche Archäologie/ Archäologisches Museum Domplatz 20-22 D-48143 Münsterlichtenb@uni-muenster.de

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tuna Şare Ağtürk Hillies Bush Fellow Harvard University, Radcliffe Institute of Advanced Studies 8 Garden Street, Byerly Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 tuna_sare@radcliffe.harvard.edu tunasare@gmail.com Associate Professor of Archaeology and Art History Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey

Prof. Dr. Engelbert Winter Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Forschungsstelle Asia Minor Georgskommende 25 48143 Münster ewinter@uni-muenster.de

Prof. Dr. Klaus Zimmermann Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Forschungsstelle Asia Minor Georgskommende 25 48143 Münster kzimmerm@uni-muenster.de

mailto:lichtenb@uni-muenster.demailto:tuna_sare@radcliffe.harvard.edumailto:tunasare@gmail.commailto:ewinter@uni-muenster.demailto:kzimmerm@uni-muenster.de

24 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

1. Ahmet Ali Altın, M.A. (Bochum)2. Prof. Dr. Hans Beck (Münster)3. Prof. Dr. Tonnes Beckker-Nielsen (Odense)4. Prof. Dr. Christof Berns (Hamburg)5. Dilek Çobanoğlu, M.A. (Münster)6. Karl Heiner Dahm, M.A. (Durham)7. Dipl.-Ing. Ayşe Dalyancı-Berns (Hamburg)8. Prof. Dr. Norbert Ehrhardt (Münster)9. Prof. Dr. Peter Funke (Münster)10. Dr. Rıdvan Gölcük (İzmit)11. Dr. Matthias Haake (Münster)12. Prof. Dr. Johannes Hahn (Münster)13. Dr. Andrew Lepke (Münster)14. Prof. Dr. Achim Lichtenberger (Münster)15. Dr. Katharina Martin (Düsseldorf)16. Prof. Dr. Emanuel Mayer (Singapur)17. Dr. H.-Helge Nieswandt (Münster)18. Prof. Dr. Johannes Nollé (München)19. Dr. Hüseyin Sami Öztürk (Istanbul)20. Dr. Stefan Riedel (Leiden)21. Prof. Dr. Dieter Salzmann (Münster)22. Prof. Dr. Patrick Sänger (Münster)23. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Şahin (Bursa)24. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tuna Şare Ağtürk (Çanakkale / Harvard)25. Dr. Torben Schreiber (Istanbul)26. Prof. Dr. Elmar Schwertheim (Münster)27. Prof. Dr. Magdalene Söldner (Münster)28. Prof. Dr. Giusto Traina (Paris)29. Prof. Dr. Peter Weiß (Kiel)30. Dr. Barbora Weissová (Bochum)31. Prof. Dr. Engelbert Winter (Münster)32. Prof. Dr. Klaus Zimmermann (Münster)

HOW TO FIND HAUS ROTHENBERGE 25

ANFAHRTSBESCHREIBUNG: MÜNSTER – HAUS ROTHENBERGE

26 NOTES

NOTES7 27

28 NOTES

NOTES 2 29

30 NOTES

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