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Innovationen für eine nachhaltige Landwirtschaft Wasser und Bewässerung Wasseraufbereitung durch Solarenergie, schwimmende PV-Module
Nahrungsproduktion und Umwelt landwirtschaftlicher Umweltschutz aus europäischer Sicht, neue Ansätze zur umweltneutralen Anwendung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln
Nutzung organischer Reststoffe wertvolle Inhaltsstoffe,
dezentrale Energieerzeugung
Prof. Dr. Roland Kubiak RLP AgroScience GmbH Breitenweg 71 D-67435 Neustadt [email protected] www.ifa-agroscience.de
Europa
Deutschland
Neustadt
Sichere Anwendung von Stoffen in der Umwelt
Analyse und Gestaltung von Agrarlandschaften
Innovationen für eine nachhaltige Landbewirtschaftung
Eigentum des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz
Gemeinnützig (non-profit)
fast 30 Jahre Erfahrung in der angewandten Forschung
Mit über 100 Projektpartnern weltweit tätig
GLP Zertifikat seit 1991
ca. 60 Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter
Wasser und Bewässerung Wasseraufbereitung durch Solarenergie, schwimmende PV-Module
Bildquelle: Jetfloat International
Landnutzung auf der Erde
Landwirtschaftliche Bewässerungstechniken trugen bisher zur Vernichtung fruchtbaren Ackerlandes bei und führten zur immensen Ausdehnung großer Flächen versalzener und stauwasser-beeinflußter Böden.
Davon 70% für Bewässerung in der Landwirtschaft
Vorhersage zur Klimaentwicklung
Gewinnung von Trinkwasser nach dem „Multi Effect Humidification“ Prinzip
Natürlich ablaufender Prozeß
Gewinnung sauberen Wassers auch mit sehr Einfachen Mitteln möglich
Installation of the first solar water desalination unit at the CTGAS-ER area
Pictures of delivery, installation and start-up of a demonstration facility
Procurement Preparation in Germany Preparation in Brazil Shipment
Installation of solar collectors Operation since Dec 2013
Complete self-sufficiency Heat self-sufficiency No self-sufficiency
Desalination system X X X
Solar thermal collector kit X X
Cooling system X X X
Safe water supply unit X X X
PV panels (electric power supply )
X
Connection kit for CHP (Combined Heat and Power;
waste heat using)
X
Different variations of the MEH System are possible:
Photovoltaic panals
Buffer tanks Solar thermal collectors Input/ Output storage
MEH Container
Calculation Example:
Solar Water Desalination Unit “DESAL Mini 2.0”, Container Module,
Complete energy self-sufficiency, Output of drinking water: 2.000 liter/day
*Calculated rate of Intrest: 12%; financing period: 15 years; custom: 30%
Positions EUR R$Costs Container as finished connection module 45.000 135.000
Filtration system 35.000 105.000
Technology 47.000 141.000
Assembling, Trasportation, Insurance, Custom 95.000 285.000
Performances constructionsite 106.000 318.000
Commissioning 37.000 111.000
Total Investment costs 365.000 1.095.000
Operating Costs 17.000 51.000
Capital costs 52.560 157.680
Total annual costs 69.560 208.680
Preis per Liter drinking water 0,095 0,286
*Calculated rate of Intrest: 12%; financing period: 15 years; custom: 30%; electricity costs: R$ 0,60
Positions EUR R$Costs Container as finished connection module 45.000 135.000
Filtration system 35.000 105.000
Technology 47.000 141.000
Assembling, Trasportation, Insurance, Custom 95.000 285.000
Performances construction site 76.000 228.000
Commissioning 37.000 111.000
Total Investment costs 335.000 1.005.000
Operating costs 17.000 51.000
Consumption costs 7.500 22.500
Capital costs 49.186 147.558
Total annual costs 73.686 221.058
Preis per Liter drinking water 0,101 0,303
Calculation Example:
Solar Water Desalination Unit “DESAL Mini 2.0”, Container Module,
heat self-sufficiency, Output of drinking water: 2.000 liter/day
Comparison of payback period:
Solar Water Desalination Unit “DESAL Mini 2.0”
Complete energy self-sufficiency (CSS) vs. heat self-sufficiency (HSS)
Positions CSS HSS
Total Investment costs [R$] 1.095.000 1.005.000
Annual costs [R$] 51.000 73.500
Annual sales [R$] 219.000 219.000
Payback period [years] 6,5 6,9 *Calculated water price per liter : R$ 0,30; electricity costs: R$ 0,60
1. Floating foundation structure
2. Environmental impact assessment
a. Pre assesments and Mapping b. Limnological and physical investigations c. Biotic parameters
3. Environmental impact monitoring
Regular performances
Swimming pontoons Aluminum mounting
PV Modul (not included)
BildquelleDuwe & Partner GmbH
• Lifting-capacity per mounting module:
175 kg
• Load per m² (incl. modules, mounting):
ca. 35 kg/m²
• Maximum load per mounting module:
5 m²
• Required PV surface of 500 kWp:
ca. 3.000 m² - 3.500m²
• Required quantity of mounting modules:
ca. 600 – 700 pieces
BildquelleDuwe & Partner GmbH
Requirements:
• Floating foundation structure based on Polyethylene
• Brine- and acid-resistant
• Food-safe
• UV light resistant
• Planning and Supervision of the installation
• Manufacturing guarantee: 30-years warranty
• Time of delivery:
12 – 14 weeks after ordering
• Number of Containers (40‘ ft.): Maximum 3 containers
Floating foundation structure
BildquelleDuwe & Partner GmbH
Bildquelle: Jetfloat International
Pre assessments and Mapping • Mapping of basic parameters of the reservoirs
water structure
• Fluctuations of flood peak and minimum
• Conversion of the surfaces by covering
o Selection of monitoring surface
o Determination of surface designs
o Virtuel localization by using GIS
Environmental impact assessment
• Limnological and physical investigations o Water level changes
o Temperature fluctuation/ evaporation rate
o PH-value, salinity, alkalinity, hardness of water
o Calcium, nitrite-N, nitrate-N, ammonium-nitrogen (FIA)
o Orthophosphate and total phosphorus, oxygen, iron, chloride
o Chlorophyll, dissolved organically bound carbon (DOC)
• Biotic parameters o Vegetation detection of the reservoirs
o Phytoplankton
o Faunistical surveys of reservoirs
Environmental impact monitoring
o Design, delivery and start-up of the measuring equipment
o Development of a structured remote monitoring plan including
evaluation tool.
o Regular sampling (rain and dry season), analysis and evaluation
o Annual report with an evaluation of the plant operation
o Assessment over several years (2-3)
An
teil
re
fle
kti
erte
r S
tra
hlu
ng
(R
efl
ek
tan
z)
Nahrungsproduktion und Umwelt landwirtschaftlicher Umweltschutz aus
europäischer Sicht neue Ansätze zur umweltneutralen
Anwendung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln
German Plant Protection Act 2012
European act 1107/2009 on pesticide registration
National action plan for the sustainable use of plant protection products
Less new pesticide registration in the EU Especially less insecticides More environmentally friendly plant protection methods
European challenges for Pesticide Registration
… and the consequences
neue Ansätze zur umweltneutralen Anwendung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln
Injector units
Pressure regulator
Liquid reservoir
Air reservoir
Switching valve
Repetitive pneumatic cylinder
Platanennetzwanze (Corythucha ciliata)
Platanennetzwanze (Corythucha ciliata); c) Platanenwanze (Arocatus longiceps)
Platanenwanze (Arocatus longiceps)
Nutzung organischer Reststoffe wertvolle Inhaltsstoffe,
dezentrale Energieerzeugung
Use of organic waste materials
Decentralized energy production
Solid fuels Biogas
Electricity
Products of high value from organic waste extracts
Source: Agroscience
Example from Germany: Natural plant protectors from the residues of wine production
Gray mold
(Botrytis cinerea)
Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis)
Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola)
Heartwood/fruit rot
(Monilinia fructigena)
Gray mold Apple scab
Synthetic Fungicide 100.0% 72.5%
Extract I 99.0% 24.3%
Extract II 30.4% 67.0%
Control 0% 0%
Extraction cleaning effect testing Example for our results
Source: Agroscience
Source: Agroscience Source: gradinamea.ro Source: Agroscience
Source: Agroscience
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Cuprozin Extrakt 1 Extrakt 2 Kontrolle
Infe
ktio
nen
/Re
be
P. viticola
Schwarzriesling
10 Applikationen
• Aufnahme in die Liste der Pflanzenstärkungsmittel des BVL
• keine Wartezeiten
Weitere Informationen unter www.vitovin-pflanzenstaerkung.de
• keine Anwendungsauflagen
• Ab Mitte/Ende März erhältlich
Extrakte von Olivenkernen
Olivenproduktionsmenge In Brasilien: ca. 300 t no. 35 der Anbauländer
2. Materials and Methods Using Vitis vinifera cv. Müller-Thurgau Solubilizing in 3 GAE-concentrations (1.0g/l, 0.5g/l, 0.5+TS, 0.1g/l) and reference controls (Cuprozin Flüssig, Delan WG) The concentration of 0.5 g/l was mixed with a biological wetting agent The lower surface of each leaf of 8 vines was sprayed with the extract concentrations or reference controls
24 h later, the treated leaves were artificially infected with P. viticola
Eight vines were sprayed with one extract concentration, respectively
2 weeks later, the leaves were moistened and bagged in opaque plastic bags During this period of darkness and high humidity, the mycelium grew sporangiophores from the stomata of the host plant The rating of infestation by P. viticola was performed by recording the infected leaf area in relation to total leaf area The incidence [%] was divided into 11 stages
Inoculated vines bagged in opaque plastic bags
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Control 1g/l GAE 0.5g/l GAE 0.5g/lGAE+TS
0.1g/l GAE Cuprozinflüssig (1ml/l)
Delan WG(0,5g/l)
Infe
stat
ion
by
P.vi
tico
la %
Infestation by P. viticola [%]
2-POMW-Extract
3-POMW-Extract
1g/L extract
0,5 g/L extract
0,5 g/L extract + detergent
0,1 g/L extract
Synthetic fungicide
Copper
rice husk
waste wood Cocoa shells
Cow dung kernel shells
rice straw
Source: tradekorea.com
Organic waste in urban surroundings
poultry
Nutzung organischer Reststoffe
dezentrale Energieerzeugung
Waste fruits
Waste vegetables Slaughtering business waste Wood cut sewage
Potential energy contents
Use of organic waste materials
Decentralized energy production
Solid fuels Biogas
Electricity
General Test strategy of the Biomass-to-Energy concept
Biomass source: Solid organic waste
Mechanical dehydration
Solid residue Liquid residue
Thermal dehydration
Biogas Industrial
alcohol Bioethanol
Preparation
Fuel (e.g. pellets)
Ash
Residue
Utilization in agriculture
Biomass source: Liquid organic waste
Feasibility Study
Availability of waste material p.a. +
Most efficient possibility for energy production =
Expected enery yield p.a.
Current energy prices +
Expected development For fossil energy prices
Investment costs +
Production costs
Costs per unit energy Costs per unit energy = or <
Investment decision
Planing of the plant Construction supervision Training
Projekte im Ausland
Energetic Use of Biogenic Residues
Projekte im Ausland
Energieproduktion aus Reststoffen der Weinbereitung In der Weingenossenschaft AURORA
•Investment Cost 45.000 USD
•Personal + other Costs 12.000 USD / a
•Energy Costs 1.000 USD / a
•(1.800 h/a and 6 kW and 0.10 USD/kWh)
•Biomass Production (2 t/d and 300 d/a) 600 t / a
•Period of Operation 10 years
•Production Costs 30 USD / t
•Energy Costs
(depends on Input-Material): 0,007 USD / kWh
Reference price: Natural Gas: 0,006 USD / kWh
Production costs of biomass briquettes to sell as wood substitude (summararized overview) in Argentinia
New de-centralized technologies can help to overcome problems with drinking water availability.
A more ecological thinking leads to new biological pesticides and advanced application technologies.
The production of energy from organic wastes is possible and may be less expensive than oil or gas.
Many thanks for listening
