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Fakultät für Bauingenieurwissenschaften
Institut für Hochbau
Long-term measurements and simulations of
Central European Symposium on Building Physics
Vienna, 9th – 11st September 2013
and simulations of five internal insulation systems
and their impact on wooden beam heads
Ulrich Ruisinger
TU Graz, TU Dresden
Fakultät für Bauingenieurwissenschaften
Institut für Hochbau
Central European Symposium on Building Physics
Vienna, 9th – 11st September 2013
Innendämmung bei BestandsobjektenMöglichkeiten und Grenzen diffusionsoffener Innendämmsysteme
OEKO - ID
Internal insulation at existing buildings
Possibilities and limitations of internal insulation systems open to diffusion
1. Introduction
2. Aims of the project
3. Measurements in a test house in Graz
OutlineOutline
Structure
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 3CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
3. Measurements in a test house in Graz
4. Simulations
5. Conclusions
Internal insulation of walls
Formation of liquid water („condensate“) during winter
in water vapour permeable internal insulation systems
IntroductionIntroduction
Θ
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 4CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
Water vapour flowTemperature course
0
outside inside
Hygrothermal situation of wooden beam ends
at walls with internal insulation?
IntroductionIntroduction
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 5CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
outside inside
Aims of the project
AimsAims
1. Supervision of measurement system,
analysis and interpretation of measurement data
2. Re-Simulation of measurement data
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 6CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
3. Simulation variants
Examining the possibilities and limitations of internal
insulation with water vapour permeable systems.
Enhance the acceptance of internal insulation.
Measurements in a test houseMeasurements in a test house
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 7CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
Test house Kindergarten
Schönbrunngasse 30,
Graz
Measurements in a test houseMeasurements in a test house
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 8CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
Insulated surface
2nd floor and attic
3.20 m
Measurements in a test houseMeasurements in a test house
Measurements in the
2nd floor and attic
of the Kindergarten
Schönbrunngasse 30
Measurements of existing
materials and insulation
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 9CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
80mm Perliteboard 60mm Wood fibre
insulation board
80mm 120mm Insulation 100mm Reed
Cellulose plaster
3.80 m
Referencebeam
(no insulation)
Thermal resistance of the internal insulation systems between 1,49 and 1,79 m²�K/W
Section through ceiling,
view towards insulated
southwest orientated wall
materials and insulation
system components:
Laboratory of the Institute of
Building Climatology (IBK)
of the TU Dresden
Measurement point: Longitudinal
Measurements in a test houseMeasurements in a test house
Measurements in the
2nd floor and attic
of the Kindergarten
Schönbrunngasse 30
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 10CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
Temperature
Relative humidity
Global radiation
Wood moisture
- Climate: outside, inside (2nd floor & attic)
- Air gap around beam end
- Internal insulation
- Beam end
and cross
section through
wooden beam
ceiling
- Wall surfaces
Measurements in a test houseMeasurements in a test house
Gaps around and cracks in wooden beams
Undefined convective and diffusive air
flow through the ceiling into the
wooden beam bearing:
Warm and humid room air can moisten
the area around the beam end
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 11CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
Air gap around wooden beam before insulation
- Pre-compressed sealing tapes /
hemp rope
- Adhesive tapes
- (Clay-)Mortar/Filler
- Wood plug
„Convection retardant“ connection
of internal insulation to beams
acc. to WTA*-Data sheet MB 8-14:
*english: International Association for Science and Technology of Building Maintenance
and the Preservation of Monuments
Measurements in a test houseMeasurements in a test house
Gaps around and cracks in wooden beams
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 12CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
1st & 2nd step to avoid convection into beam
bearing: Wood plug in cracks and
plastering to close the gap
3rd step: Sealing tape in the 2nd floor
4th step: Wooden strip to fix sealing tape
Outside temperature
Nursery 2nd floor
Attic
Wood fibre (sealed)
Reed (sealed)
Reed (not sealed)
No insulation / reference
(not sealed)
Measurements in a test houseMeasurements in a test house
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 13CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
Relative humidity in rooms and wooden beam bearings
Room humidity: Dec 2010-Mar 2011: 2nd ≈ 20%, attic: 33%
2nd floor & attic Dec 2011-Mar 2012: 2nd ≈ 34%, attic: 37%
2010 2011 2012 20132011 2012
Measurements in a test houseMeasurements in a test house
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 14CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
Ventilation vs. Humidifier
Outside temperature
Nursery 2nd floor
Attic
Wood fibre (sealed)
Reed (sealed)
Reed (not sealed)
No insulation / reference
(not sealed)
Measurements in a test houseMeasurements in a test house
Ø - θWinter, 2nd floor = 22.6°C,
Ø - θWinter, attic = 19.5°C
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 15CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
Relative humidity in rooms and wooden beam bearings
Room humidity: Dec 2010-Mar 2011: 2nd ≈ 20%, attic: 33%
2nd floor & attic Dec 2011-Mar 2012: 2nd ≈ 34%, attic: 37%
Dec 2012–Jan 2013: 2nd ≈ 44%, attic: 57%
Outside temperature
Nursery 2nd floor
Attic
Wood fibre (sealed)
Reed (sealed)
Reed (not sealed)
No insulation / reference
(not sealed)
Measurements in a test houseMeasurements in a test house
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 16CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
Relative humidity in rooms and wooden beam bearings
Room humidity: Dec 2010-Mar 2011: 2nd ≈ 20%, attic: 33%
2nd floor & attic Dec 2011-Mar 2012: 2nd ≈ 34%, attic: 37%
Dec 2012–Jan 2013: 2nd ≈ 44%, attic: 57%
Wood moisture at the potentially „most wettest spot“
Measurements in a test houseMeasurements in a test house
Limiting value: 20 %WM
Cellulose
Perlite board
Insulation plaster
Wood fibre board
Reed (sealed)
Reed (not sealed)
Reference beam
Times of high moisture
in construction
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 17CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
Room humidity: Dec 2010-Mar 2011: 2nd ≈ 20%, attic: 33%
2nd floor & attic Dec 2011-Mar 2012: 2nd ≈ 34%, attic: 37%
Dec 2012–Jan 2013: 2nd ≈ 44%, attic: 57%
SimulationsSimulations
2D-Re-Simulations of Measurements of a 3D-Details
Loca
tion
in [m
]
1,8
1,6
1,4
1,2
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 18CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
2D temperature field with Heat32D temperature field with Delphin5
1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0
Loca
tion
in [m
]
1
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0
3D construction with Heat3
SimulationsSimulations
2D-Re-Simulation of Measurements of a 3D-Details
Re
lativ
e h
um
idity
in [%
]
100
90
80
70
Measurement
Re
lativ
e h
um
idity
in [%
]
100
90
80
70
Measurement (1) Measured material data & climate
Re
lativ
e h
um
idity
in [%
]
100
90
80
70
Measurement (1) Measured material data & climate(2) As (1) + const. air change rate n= 1 1/h
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 19CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
Relative humidity at beam cheek in 150mm depth at beam 3
(Perlite board, Knauff TecTem)
Software: Delphin5 (TU Dresden)
Jul11Jun11Apr11Feb11Jan11Nov10Sep10
Re
lativ
e h
um
idity
in [%
]
60
50
40
30Jul11Jun11Apr11Feb11Jan11Nov10Sep10
Re
lativ
e h
um
idity
in [%
]
60
50
40
30Jul11Jun11Apr11Feb11Jan11Nov10Sep10
Re
lativ
e h
um
idity
in [%
]
60
50
40
30
Rel
ativ
e h
umid
ity in
[%]
100
90
80
70
Measurement (1) Measured material data & climate(2) As (1) + const. air change rate n= 1 1/h(3) As (1) + air pressure (f(vap. pressure grad.))
SimulationsSimulations
2D-Re-Simulation of Measurements of a 3D-Details
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 20CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
Jul11Jun11Apr11Feb11Jan11Nov10Sep10
Rel
ativ
e h
umid
ity in
[%]
60
50
40
30
Relative humidity at beam cheek in 150mm depth at beam 3
(Perlite board, Knauff TecTem)
Software: Delphin5 (TU Dresden)
Summary
Main question: Does internal insulation systems evoke damage at wooden
beams of ceilings?
Measurement of hygrothermal behaviour of insulation systems
No hazard to wooden beam ends although liquid water
ConclusionsConclusions
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 21CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
No hazard to wooden beam ends although liquid water
Sealing of beam bearings
On-going: Re-simulation of measurement data
Thanks a lot!
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 22CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
Ulrich Ruisinger
[email protected] Institut für Hochbau, TU Graz
[email protected] Institut für Bauklimatik, TU Dresden
2
1,8
1,6
1,4
1,2
Gaps around and cracks in wooden beams
Undefined convective air flow at the wooden
beams: warm and humid room air can moisten
the area around beam head
„Convection retardant“ connection of
internal insulation to beams
Measurements in a test houseMeasurements in a test house
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 23CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
0,90,80,70,60,50,40,30,20,10
1,2
1
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0
- Pre-compressed sealing tapes /
hemp rope
- Adhesive tapes
- (Clay-)Mortar/Filler
- Wood plug
internal insulation to beams
(WTA-Data sheet MB 8-14), e.g. by:
Field of rel. humidity (Delphin5)
Cellulose
(room angle)
Cellulose
Perlite board
Insulation plaster
Wood fibre board
Reed
2011 20122010 2011
Measurements in a test houseMeasurements in a test house
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 24CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
2011 20122010 2011
Temperature / rel. humidity on historic internal surface
Measurements in a test houseMeasurements in a test house
Gaps around and cracks in wooden beams
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 25CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
Graph: Research project OEKO-ID (F. Moßhammer)
Measurements in the
2nd floor and attic
of the Kindergarten
Schönbrunngasse 30
Measurements in a test houseMeasurements in a test house
Ruisinger: Measurements and Simulations of Internal
Insulation Systems and Wooden Beam Heads 26CESBP 2013-Vienna
9th September, 2013
Ground view nursery
2nd floor
