Marinos Castrillon's Term Paper

8/10/2019 Marinos Castrillon's Term Paper

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TERM PAPER

BY:

DIEGO ALEJANDRO ESPINOSA CASTRO

TO:

MARINO CASTRILLON

UNIVERSIDAD DE ANTIOQUIA

ESCUELA DE IDIOMAS

MEDELLIN

19-08-2014



1. CONNOTATION: the associated or secondary meaning of a word or expression in

addition to its explicit or primary meaning, it is something suggested or implied by a

word or thing, rather than being explicitly named or described. A connotation includes

the emotions or associations the surround a word. 1530s, from M.L. connotationem,

from connotare "signify in addition to the main meaning," a term in logic, from L. com-

"together" + notare "to mark"(see note). A word denotes its primary meaning, its barest

adequate definition -- father denotes "one that has begotten." A word connotes the

attributes commonly associated with it --father connotes "male sex, prior-existence,

greater experience, affection, guidance."

2. HYPERBOLE: A figure of speech that is an intentional exaggeration for emphasis or

comic effect. Hyperbole is common in love poetry, in which it is used to convey the

lover's intense admiration for his beloved. An example is the following passage

describing Portia: Why, if two gods should play some heavenly match And on the wager

lay two earthly women, And Portia one, there must be something else Pawned with theother, for the poor rude world Hath not her fellow.(Shakespeare, The Merchant of

Venice), For example: “to wait an eternity.” It’s obvious and intentional

exaggeration.1529, from L. hyperbole, from Gk. hyperbole "exaggeration,

extravagance," related to hyperballein "to throw over or beyond," from hyper- "beyond"

+bole "a throwing, a casting, the stroke of a missile, bolt, beam," from bol-,nom. stem of

ballein "to throw" (see ballistics ). Rhetorical sense is found in Aristotle and Isocrates.

3. INTERNAL RHYME: Internal rhyme is a poetic device which can be defined as metrical

lines in which its middle words and its end words rhymes with each other. It is also

called middle rhyme, since it comes in the middle of lines, as in the most popular poemof Edgar Allan Poe (The Raven):

Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,

While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,

As of someone gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.

Tis some visitor,” I muttered, “tapping at my chamber door…..

Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December;

And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.

Eagerly I wished the morrow; – vainly I had sought to borrow

From my books surcease of sorrow – sorrow for the lost Lenore…



4. METAPHOR: From Gk. metaphora "atransfer," especially of the sense of one word to a

different word, lit. "acarrying over," from metapherein "transfer, carry over," from meta-

"over,across" + pherein "to carry, bear". It is a figure of speech in which a term or

phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a

resemblance, a sin “A mighty fortress is our God.”

5. EPILOGUE: It is the opposite of prologue, a piece of writing at the beginning of a

literary work. An epilogue is different from an afterword. An epilogue is part of the main

story, occurring after the climax and revealing the fates of the characters. Usually, it

may be set a few hours later or far in the future where the writer speaks to the readers

indirectly through the point of view of a different character. In an afterword, on the other

hand, an author speaks to the readers directly. In it, a writer may provide a reason for

writing the book and detail the research that has gone into writing the book.

6. STANZA: In poetry, it is a division of four or more lines having a fixed length, meter or

rhyming scheme.

Stanzas in poetry are similar to paragraphs in prose. Both stanzas and paragraphs

include connected thoughts and are set off by a space. The number of lines varies in

different kinds of stanzas but it is uncommon for a stanza to have more than twelve

lines. The pattern of a stanza is determined by the number of feet in each line and by its

metrical or rhyming scheme.

7. METONOMY: 1560s, from Gk. metonymia, lit. "a change of name," from meta- "change"

(see meta-) + onyma, dial. of onoma "name" Figure in which the name of one thing isused in place of another that is suggested by or associated with it (e.g. the Kremlin for

"the Russian government"). It is a figure of speech that consists of the use of the name

of one objector concept for that of another to which it is related, or of which it is apart, as

“scepter” for “sovereignty,” or “the bottle” for “strong drink,”or “count heads (or noses)”

for “count people.”

8. DENOTATION: Denotation is generally defined as literal or dictionary meanings of a

word in contrast to its connotative or associated meanings.

We can try to understand this term with the help of an example. If you search for

meaning of the word “dove” in a dictionary, you will see that its meaning is “a type of

pigeon, a wild and domesticated bird having a heavy body and short legs.” In literature,

however, you frequently see “dove” referred to as a symbol of peace.



9. SIMILE: A simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities

between two different. Unlike a metaphor, a simile draws resemblance with the help of

the words “like” or “as”. Therefore, it is a direct comparison.

We can find simile examples in our daily speech. We often hear comments like “John is

as slow as a snail.” Snails are notorious for their slow pace and here the slowness of

John is compared to that of a snail. The use of “as” in the example helps to draw the

resemblance. Some more examples of common similes are given below.

Some examples of simile can be:

Our soldiers are as brave as lions.

Her cheeks are red like a rose.

He is as funny as a monkey.

10. ODE: 1580s, from M.Fr. ode, from L.L. ode "lyric song," from Gk. oide, Attic contraction

of aoide "song," from aeidein "sing," related to aude "voice, tone, sound." In classical

use, "a poem intended to be sung;" in modern use usually a rhymed lyric, often an

address, usually dignified, rarely extending to150 lines.

It is a kind of poem devoted to the praise of a person, animal, or thing. An ode is usually

written in an elevated style and often expresses deep feeling. An example is “Ode on

a Grecian Urn,” by John Keats.

11.PARADOX: The term Paradox is from the Greek word “paradoxon” that means contraryto expectations, existing belief or perceived opinion. It is a statement that appears to be

self-contradictory or silly but may include a latent truth. It is also used to illustrate an

opinion or statement contrary to accepted traditional ideas. A paradox is often used to

make a reader think over an idea in innovative way.

In George Orwell’s Animal Farm, one part of the cardinal rule is the statement:

“All animals are equal, but some are more equal than others”.

This statement seems to not make any sense. However, on closer examination, it gets

clear that Orwell points out a political truth. The government in the novel claims that

everyone is equal but it has never treated everyone equally. It is the concept of equality

stated in this paradox that is opposite to the common belief of equality.



12.SOLILOQUY: It is a popular literary device often used in drama to reveal the innermost

thoughts of a character. It is a great technique used to convey the progress of action of

the play by means of expressing a character’s thoughts about a certain character or

past, present or upcoming event while talking to himself without acknowledging the

presence of any other person.

The word soliloquy is derived from Latin word “solo” which means “to himself” and

“loquor” means “I speak” respectively. A soliloquy is often used as a means of character

revelation or character manifestation to the reader or the audience of the play. Due to a

lack of time and space, it was sometimes considered essential to present information

about the plot and to expose the feelings and intentions of the characters. Dramatists

made extensive use of soliloquies in their plays but it has become outdated, though

some playwrights still use it in their plays. Soliloquy examples abound during the

Elizabethan era.

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Marinos Castrillon's Term Paper