Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ
MATERIALS IN
PRACTICE
Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ
Office Hours: Friday, 16:30-17:30
[email protected], [email protected]
Phone: +90 – 252 211 19 17
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ
OBJECTIVE
To provide a basic understanding of ceramic
materials.
To understand
processing,
properties,
characterisation and
design
of ceramic materials.
Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ
REFERENCES
D. W. Richerson, "Modern Ceramic Engineering," Second
Edition, Marcel Dekker Inc., (1992).
W.D. Kingery, H.K. Bowen, and D.R. Uhlmann,
“Introduction to Ceramics”, John Wiley and Sons, 1976.
Reed, J. S., ”Principles of Ceramic Processing” John
Wiley&Sons, New York (1995).
Ring, T. A., "Fundamentals of Ceramic Powder Processing
and Synthesis", Academic Press, San Diego (1996).
Rahaman, M. N., "Ceramic Processing and Sintering",
Marcel Dekker Inc. (1995).
Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ
ISSUES TO ADDRESS
What is ceramic?
Classification of ceramic materials
Processing of ceramic materials
Properties of ceramic materials
Typical applications of ceramic materials
Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ
Classifications of Materials
Materials
Metals
Polymers
Ceramics
Composites
With technological
progress, natural
materials become
insufficient to meet
increasing demands
on product
capabilities and
functions.
Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ
What is "ceramic"?
• from Greek meaning: "burnt earth"
• non-metal, inorganic
• Ceramic materials are inorganic compounds consisting of
metallic and nonmetallic elements which are held together
with ionic and/or covalent bonds.
Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ
Introduction to Ceramic Materials
Ceramics are
inorganic, nonmetallic, solids, crystalline,
amorphous (e.g. glass), hard, brittle, stable
to high temperatures, less dense than
metals, more elastic than metals, and very
high melting.
Ceramics can be covalent network and/or ionic
bonded.
Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ
Introduction to Ceramic Materials
Ductile versus Brittle Fracture
Fracture Behavior: Very Ductile Modulate Ductile Brittle
Ductile Fracture is
Desirable
Ductile warning
before fracture
Brittle no warning
before fracture
% RA or %EL: Large Moderate Small
Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ
Introduction to Ceramic Materials
Bonding:
Mostly ionic, some covalent.
% ionic character increases with difference electronegativity.
CaF2
SiC
Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ
Introduction to Ceramic Materials
Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ
Introduction
A comparison of the properties of ceramics, metals, and polymers
Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ
Introduction
A comparison of the properties of ceramics, metals, and polymers
M
ET
A
LS
High density
Medium to high
melting point
Medium to high
elastic modulus
Reactive
Ductile
C
ER
A
M
IC
S Low density
High melting
point
Very high elastic
modulus
Unreactive
Brittle
P
O
LY
M
ER
S Very low density
Low melting
point
Low elastic
modulus
Very reactive
Ductile and
brittle types
Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ
Historical Perspective
Stone Age: 2.5 million years ago
Pottery Age: 4000 B.C.E
Copper Age: 4000 B.C.E – 3000 B.C.E.
Bronze Age: 2000 B.C.E – 1000 B.C.E.
Foundation of metallurgy- Alloys of copper and tin
Iron Age: 1000 B.C.E – 1B.C.E.
Plastics Age: late 20th Century to current time
Semiconductor Age: late 20th Century to current time
Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ
Ceramics Materials
Ceramic Materials
Naturally occurring minerals Synthetic materials
their origin
locations in which they can be found
their relative abundance
Naturally occurring minerals require extraction,
which is often a regional industry located close to
abundant quantities of the natural deposit.
Most minerals need to go through some form of
physical or chemical processing before use. The
collective term for these processes is beneficiation.
When you understand how oxides are
manufactured, it will be clear why they are often
impure and why Si, Na, Ca are the major impurities.
borides (TiB2, BN, etc.)
carbides (SiC, B4C, TiC, etc.)
nitrides (AlN, Si3N4, TiN, etc.)
oxides (TiO2, Al2O3, etc.)
These ceramics are becoming more common,
but are generally expensive and desire special
processing environments.
For many nonoxides the main impurities are
often components of the starting material which
was not reacted, e.g., Al in AlN or Si in Si3N4.
Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ Materials in Practice Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ
Ceramics Materials
Non-uniform, cru
