MoBiLE – Modular Biosphere simuLation Environment

KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)

MoBiLE – Modular Biosphere simuLationEnvironment

13.10.2010

Rüdiger Grote

Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT)Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU)

Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany


1.History

DNDC-Li et al. 1992 (agric.)-Li et al. 2000 (forest)

FORSANA (forest)-Grote 1998,Grote & Suckow 1998

BALANCE (individual trees)-Grote & Pretzsch 2002

MoBiLE-Grote et al. 2009b (grassland)-Grote et al. in press (forests)-Holst et al. 2010 (canopy climate)-Miehle et al. 2010 (tree dimension)

BiogeochemistryWater balanceSoil temperature

PSIM-Grote 2007 (phenology)-Grote et al. 2010

Physiology

SIM-BIM (leaf scale)-Zimmer et al. 2000-Grote et al. 2009a


2. Ecosystem approach

a) feedbacks


n

…

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

I0

Icn Ian

Ic7 Ia7

Ic6 Ia6

Ic5Ia5

Ic4Ia4

Ic3 Ia3

Ic2 Ia2

Ic1

Fn

above ground below ground


b) Spatial scaling and competition (in 2D cohort structure)

Cohorts(vegetation

types)



c) Implementation

- C++- GUI- platform

independent- multiple site

calculations- selectable modules

Dailyloop

Sub-Dailyloop

Generated sub-daily weather

Sub-daily output

Physiologyts = tsMax?

nd = 365?

Annualloop

N

N

Y

Y

Daily weather data

Daily output

Annual output

Initials

Daily sums or means

Microclimate

Waterbalance

Soil processes

Vegetation Structure

Air chemistry

Sub-daily weather data



d) Input

Mandatory:- Setup (file list, module

selection, run length)- Site (general, soil,

vegetation)

Facultative:- Weather- Air chemistry- Ground water table- Management

SITE Variable Description

General site properties LAT geographical latitude LONG geographical longitude ZONE GMT time ELEV site elevation above sea level (m) SLOPE slope (degree) ASPECT aspect (degree) CLOUD reduction of maximum solar radiation (0-1) TAVG, TAMP

annual mean temperature (oC) and temperature amplitude (oC)

PSUM, RIREF

annual average precipitation (mm) and standard precipitation intensity (mm h-1)

WAVG site specific wind speed (m s-1) CAVG[1-6]

site specific average concentration of NH4, NO3, SO4, basic cations, natrium, and chlorid in precipitation (kg l-1)

WTDEPTH average depth of the water table (m) Initial vegetation type properties name [1-5] name of the vegetation type hMax [1-5] height (m) hMin [1-5] height at which the foliage starts (m) dbh [1-5] diameter in 1.3 m height (m) mTot [1-5] Total aboveground biomass (kg m-2) depth [1-5] rooting depth (m) fni [1-5] nutrient reduction factor (0-1) General soil properties SOILT soil type (SAND, SILT, LOAM, ...) HUMUST humus type (MULL, MODER, RAWHUMUS) H_LIT litter height (mm) CORG05 relative organic carbon content in 5cm mineral soil depth (%) CORG30 relative organic carbon content in 30cm mineral soil depth (%) STMAX number of following soil strata descriptions Specific soil parameters (in 'STMAX' paragraphs) DEPTH [1-STMAX] depth of the soil profile (mm) HSL [1-STMAX] height of the soil layers (mm) PH [1-STMAX] average pH value of this soil strata STONEF [1-STMAX] stone fraction (0-1) DENS [1-STMAX] soil bulk density (kg dm-3) SKS [1-STMAX] saturated hydraulic conductivity (cm min-1) NORG [1-STMAX] organic nitrogen content (0-1) CORG [1-STMAX] organic carbon content (0-1) CLAY [1-STMAX] clay content (0-1) WCMAX [1-STMAX] water holding capacity (mm m-3) WCMIN [1-STMAX] water content at wilting point (mm m-3)


3. Examples: Experiments

a) VOC emission (Grote et al. 2006)

- Leaf scale carbon exchange on holm oak (q.ilex)

-3-2-101234567

0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96

[µm

ol m

-2* s

-1]

measured plant 1 measured plant 2 simulated

net assimilation at selected dates 2002

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.0

0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96[n

mol

m-2

* s-1

]measured plant 1 measured plant 2 simulated

monoterpene emission at selected dates 2002


3. Examples: Experiments

b) Poplar research

- Carbon balance of two different poplar clones

0

1

2

3

4

5

0 200 400 600 800

dry

wei

ght [

g]

days

fine roots

mean Ra1mean Ra2mean K14mFrt sim.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 200 400 600 800

dry

wei

ght [

g]

days

foliage

mean Ra1mean Ra2mean K14mFol sim.

020406080

100120140160180200

0 200 400 600 800

dry

wei

ght [

g]

days

coarse rootsmean Ra1mean Ra2mean K14mCrt sim.

050

100150200250300350400450

0 200 400 600 800

dry

wei

ght [

g]

days

stem woodmean Ra1mean Ra2mean K14mStem sim.


3. Examples: Agriculture and Grasslands

a) Bontioli, Savanna (Grote et al. 2009b)

- Comparison DNDC, OSU- Focus on energy and water exchange

20

25

30

35

40

01.01.05 20.07.05 05.02.06 24.08.06

tem

pera

ture

[°C

]

meas. campaign measured (weather station)simulated (OSU, 5cm) simulated (DNDC, 5cm)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

01.01.05 20.07.05 05.02.06 24.08.06

wat

er v

olum

e [%

]

meas. campaign weather stationsimulated (OSU, 5cm) simulated (DNDC, 5cm)

A)


3. Examples: Agriculture and Grasslands

b) Oensingen, meadow

- Full DNDC application (not PSIM yet)- Focus on N emission, part of NitroEurope evaluation

0123456789

0 366 732 1098 1464 1830 2196

[m2

m-2

]

LAI, Oensingen 2001-2007 sim.meas.

y = 0.7765x + 15.93R² = 0.3387

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00 350.00

sim

ulat

edobserved

yield (gC m-2)


3. Examples: Forests

a) Hesse, beech forest (Grote et al. AFM in press)

- > 10 year evaluation of Eddy Flux data- constrained by soil water and forest inventory data

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

GPP

[kgC

m-2

day

-1]

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Hesse, beech

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

TER

[kgC

m-2

day

-1]

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Hesse, beechharvest harvestR2 = 0.85 R2 = 0.70

exceptional drought


3. Examples: Forests

b) Hyytiaelae, pine/spruce/birch forest

- Comparison of explicitly accounted competition or weighted area approach

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

[kgD

W h

a-1]

PINEStem

Foliage

Branches

Stumproots

Foliage (sim)

Stem (sim).

Branches (sim)

Stump (sim)0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

[kgD

W h

a-1]

BIRCH

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

[kgD

W h

a-1]

SPRUCEStem

Foliage

Branches

Stumproots

Foliage (sim)

Stem (sim).

Branches (sim)

Stump (sim)

Cohort Run Plantation 3 species weighted

GPP 1011 995Respiration -753 -770- soil (heterotroph) -181 (24%) -295 (38%)- vegetation -572 (76%) -475 (62%)NEE 258 225Export -75 -82


4. OutlookGeneral- Increasing number of species parameterization- Generalizing modules to be freely exchangeable- Improving process descriptions

In projects:• NitroEurope: Emission cataster of nitrogen fluxes for arable and

forest sites at the European scale (Butterbach-Bahl)• Coupling with (small scale) regional hydrological models

(Butterbach-Bahl)• Improving dimensional growth and competition between

vegetation types (Grote)

Future objectives• Impacts of land-use changes on biosphere-atmosphere exchange• coupling with regional meteorological transport models

Documents

MoBiLE – Modular Biosphere simuLation Environment