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Copyright ORDIX AG Version 12.03 vom 27. November 2017 Oracle 12c Neuheiten Seminarunterlage Version: 12.03

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Copyright ORDIX AG Version 12.03 vom

27. November 2017

Oracle 12c Neuheiten Seminarunterlage

Version: 12.03

Seite 2 Version: 12.03

Oracle 12c Neuheiten Copyright ORDIX AG

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Inhaltsverzeichnis

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Copyright ORDIX AG Oracle 12c Neuheiten

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1 Installation .................................................................................................................................. 13

1.1 Installation der Oracle Software 12c ................................................................................. 14 1.1.1 Überblick .............................................................................................................. 14

1.2 Silent-Installation-Mode ..................................................................................................... 15 1.2.1 Installation der Binaries ........................................................................................ 15 1.2.2 Response File ...................................................................................................... 16 1.2.3 Graphical Mode .................................................................................................... 18

1.2.3.1 Installation der Binaries ........................................................................... 18 1.2.3.2 Erstellen einer NON-CDB ........................................................................ 19 1.2.3.3 Installation einer CDB .............................................................................. 20 1.2.3.4 Installation PDB ....................................................................................... 21 1.2.3.5 Installation PDB ....................................................................................... 22

1.3 Upgrade ............................................................................................................................. 23 1.3.1 Überblick .............................................................................................................. 23 1.3.2 Direktes Upgrade ................................................................................................. 24 1.3.3 Automatisiertes Upgrade mit dem DBUA ............................................................. 26 1.3.4 Manuelles Upgrade .............................................................................................. 27 1.3.5 Pre-Upgrade Information Tool .............................................................................. 30 1.3.6 Upgrade mittels DBUA im Silent Mode ................................................................ 33 1.3.7 Transportable Datenbank ..................................................................................... 34

1.4 Bisher bekannte Probleme ................................................................................................ 35

2 Neuerungen SQL und PL/SQL ................................................................................................. 37

2.1 Neuerungen SQL .............................................................................................................. 38 2.1.1 Default Erweiterungen .......................................................................................... 38

2.1.1.1 Sequenzen .............................................................................................. 38 2.1.1.2 NULL Werte ............................................................................................. 39 2.1.1.3 Identity Columns ...................................................................................... 40 2.1.1.4 Default Values bei ADD COLUMN .......................................................... 42

2.1.2 Invisible Columns ................................................................................................. 43 2.1.3 Funktion APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT .............................................................. 44 2.1.4 In Database Archiving .......................................................................................... 45 2.1.5 Extended Datatypes ............................................................................................. 46

2.1.5.1 Überblick .................................................................................................. 46 2.1.5.2 Umstellung ............................................................................................... 47

2.1.6 LIMIT Klausel ....................................................................................................... 48 2.1.7 ANSI Join Erweiterungen ..................................................................................... 49 2.1.8 Verbesserte OUTER JOIN Syntax ....................................................................... 50 2.1.9 Temporal Validity (Flashback) .............................................................................. 51

2.1.9.1 Überblick .................................................................................................. 51 2.1.9.2 Erstellung ................................................................................................. 52 2.1.9.3 Abfrage .................................................................................................... 53 2.1.9.4 Verknüpfung mit alter Flashback Technologie ........................................ 54

2.1.10 Translation Framework......................................................................................... 55 2.1.11 Collation / Unicode ............................................................................................... 56

2.1.11.1 Überblick .................................................................................................. 56 2.1.11.2 UCA – Stufen der Sortierung ................................................................... 57 2.1.11.3 Collation unter Oracle 12.2 ...................................................................... 58

2.1.12 SQL Plus Command History ................................................................................ 59 2.1.13 Long Identifiers ..................................................................................................... 60

2.2 PL/SQL .............................................................................................................................. 61 2.2.1 Implict Result Sets ................................................................................................ 61 2.2.2 Result Cache ........................................................................................................ 62 2.2.3 Library Objekte ..................................................................................................... 63 2.2.4 Accessible By Klausel .......................................................................................... 64 2.2.5 Expand_SQL_Text ............................................................................................... 65 2.2.6 UTL_Call_Stack ................................................................................................... 66 2.2.7 Inquiry Directive .................................................................................................... 68

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2.2.8 PLSQL in der SQL-With-Klausel .......................................................................... 69 2.2.9 PLSQL-Only Datentypen ...................................................................................... 70

3 Neuerungen Administration ..................................................................................................... 71

3.1 Patch Informationen .......................................................................................................... 72 3.2 Windows - ORACLE HOME User ..................................................................................... 74 3.3 Windows – Account Management .................................................................................... 76 3.4 Windows Resilient File System ......................................................................................... 77 3.5 DDL online ........................................................................................................................ 78 3.6 Datafile Move .................................................................................................................... 79 3.7 Securefiles......................................................................................................................... 80

3.7.1 Überblick .............................................................................................................. 80 3.7.2 Erweiterungen ...................................................................................................... 81

3.8 Reorganisation .................................................................................................................. 82 3.8.1 Überblick .............................................................................................................. 82 3.8.2 DBMS_REDEFINITION ........................................................................................ 83 3.8.3 Reorganisation in einem Schritt ........................................................................... 84 3.8.4 Erweiterung beim FINISH_REDEF_TABLE ......................................................... 85 3.8.5 Reorganisation mehrerer Partitionen ................................................................... 86 3.8.6 Online Reorganisation bei Tabellen mit VPD Policies ......................................... 87 3.8.7 Online Reorganisation - Wiederaufnahme bei Fehler .......................................... 89 3.8.8 Online Redefinition - Rollback .............................................................................. 90 3.8.9 Bulk Update Optimierung ..................................................................................... 91 3.8.10 Monitoring ............................................................................................................. 93 3.8.11 Online Table Move ............................................................................................... 94

3.9 Data Pump ........................................................................................................................ 95 3.9.1 Überblick .............................................................................................................. 95 3.9.2 Logtime Parameter ............................................................................................... 96 3.9.3 Erweiterte Komprimierung .................................................................................... 97 3.9.4 Import komprimierter Tabellen ............................................................................. 98 3.9.5 LOB Segmente ..................................................................................................... 99 3.9.6 Metadaten Transform Views .............................................................................. 100 3.9.7 Datenfiles umbenennen ..................................................................................... 101 3.9.8 Export einer View als Tabelle ............................................................................. 102 3.9.9 Nologging Import ................................................................................................ 103 3.9.10 Datapump Erweiterungen .................................................................................. 104 3.9.11 Verschlüsselung ................................................................................................. 105 3.9.12 Export Dateinamen – Flexibilisierung ................................................................. 106

3.10 SQL*Loader .................................................................................................................... 107 3.10.1 dNFS Support ..................................................................................................... 107 3.10.2 Auditing bei Direct Load ..................................................................................... 108 3.10.3 Express Mode .................................................................................................... 109

3.10.3.1 Überblick ................................................................................................ 109 3.11 Migration von Zeichensätzen (Unicode) ......................................................................... 111 3.12 Operation System Processor Groups ............................................................................. 112

3.12.1 Problemstellung .................................................................................................. 112 3.12.2 Parameter PROCESSOR_GROUP_NAME ....................................................... 113 3.12.3 Dynamisch anpassbar ........................................................................................ 114

4 Neuerungen Data Warehouse ................................................................................................ 115

4.1 Oracle Partitionierung ..................................................................................................... 116 4.1.1 Historie ............................................................................................................... 116 4.1.2 Arten der Partitionierung .................................................................................... 117

4.1.2.1 Range Partitionierung ............................................................................ 118 4.1.2.2 Hash Partitionierung .............................................................................. 119 4.1.2.3 List Partitionierung ................................................................................. 120 4.1.2.4 System Partitionierung .......................................................................... 121

4.1.3 Neuerungen im Überblick (Oracle 12.1) ............................................................. 122 4.1.4 Neuerungen im Überblick (Oracle 12.2) ............................................................. 123 4.1.5 Global Index Maintenance ................................................................................. 124

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4.1.5.1 Überblick ................................................................................................ 124 4.1.5.2 Nachpflege der Indizes .......................................................................... 125

4.1.6 Partition Cascade ............................................................................................... 126 4.1.6.1 Truncate Partition Cascade ................................................................... 127 4.1.6.2 Exchange Partition Cascade ................................................................. 128

4.1.7 INTERVAL im REF Partitioning .......................................................................... 129 4.1.8 Verschieben von Partitionen ohne DML Lock .................................................... 130 4.1.9 Erweiterte Indexverfahren .................................................................................. 131

4.1.9.1 Partielle Indizes ..................................................................................... 132 4.1.10 Verbesserte Maintenance – Massenaktionen .................................................... 133 4.1.11 Online Konvertierung .......................................................................................... 134 4.1.12 Online Split Partition ........................................................................................... 135 4.1.13 Create Table For Exchange Partition ................................................................. 136 4.1.14 Filtering Maintenance Operations ...................................................................... 137 4.1.15 Externe partitionierte Tabellen ........................................................................... 138 4.1.16 Auto-List Partitioning .......................................................................................... 139 4.1.17 Read-Only Partitionen ........................................................................................ 140 4.1.18 Multi Column List Partitioning ............................................................................. 141

4.2 Sharding .......................................................................................................................... 142 4.2.1 Überblick ............................................................................................................ 142 4.2.2 Komponenten ..................................................................................................... 143 4.2.3 Anwendungsmöglichkeiten ................................................................................ 144

4.3 Materialized Views .......................................................................................................... 145 4.3.1 Refresh Methoden .............................................................................................. 145 4.3.2 Out Of Place Refresh ......................................................................................... 146 4.3.3 Synchronous Refresh ......................................................................................... 147 4.3.4 Real Time Materialized View .............................................................................. 148 4.3.5 Materialized View Refresh während Online Table Redefinition ......................... 149 Materialized View Refresh während Online Table Redefinition (ff.) ............................... 150 4.3.6 MV Statistiken .................................................................................................... 151

4.4 Flashback Data Archive .................................................................................................. 152 4.4.1 Überblick ............................................................................................................ 152 4.4.2 Neuerungen ........................................................................................................ 153

4.4.2.1 User Context Tracking ........................................................................... 154 4.4.2.2 Database Hardening ............................................................................. 155 4.4.2.3 Nachträgliche Historisierung ................................................................. 156 4.4.2.4 Optimierung ........................................................................................... 157

4.5 Komprimierung ................................................................................................................ 158 4.5.1 Überblick ............................................................................................................ 158 4.5.2 Information Lifecycle Management (ILM) ........................................................... 159 4.5.3 Storage Klassen ................................................................................................. 160 4.5.4 Heat Map ............................................................................................................ 161 4.5.5 Policies ............................................................................................................... 162 4.5.6 Views .................................................................................................................. 163 4.5.7 Advanced Index Compression ........................................................................... 164

4.6 In-Memory Option ........................................................................................................... 165 4.6.1 Voraussetzungen / Anwendungsbeispiele ......................................................... 165 4.6.2 Dual Format ........................................................................................................ 166 4.6.3 Setup .................................................................................................................. 167 4.6.4 Aktivierungen ...................................................................................................... 168 4.6.5 DBA_TABLES View ........................................................................................... 169 4.6.6 Priority ................................................................................................................ 170 4.6.7 Compression ...................................................................................................... 171 4.6.8 Schnelligkeit ....................................................................................................... 172 4.6.9 Statistiken und Ausführungsplan ........................................................................ 173 4.6.10 In-Memory Column Store – Views ..................................................................... 174 4.6.11 In-Memory vs. No-In-Memory (1/3) .................................................................... 175 4.6.12 In Memory Expressions ...................................................................................... 177 4.6.13 In Memory Virtual Columns ................................................................................ 178 4.6.14 Fast Start ............................................................................................................ 179

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4.6.15 Join Groups ........................................................................................................ 180 4.6.16 Dynamischer IMCS ............................................................................................ 181

5 Neuerungen Tuning ................................................................................................................ 182

5.1 Enterprise Manager Database Express .......................................................................... 183 5.1.1 Oracle 12.1 ......................................................................................................... 183 5.1.2 Oracle 12.2 ......................................................................................................... 184

5.2 PGA ................................................................................................................................. 185 5.3 Adaptive Optimizer-Pläne ............................................................................................... 186 5.4 Statistiken (dbms_stats) .................................................................................................. 187

5.4.1 Überblick und Historie ........................................................................................ 187 5.4.2 Neuerungen im Überblick ................................................................................... 188

5.4.2.1 Concurrent Statistics ............................................................................. 189 5.4.2.2 Extended Statistics ................................................................................ 190 5.4.2.3 Dynamic Statistics ................................................................................. 191 5.4.2.4 Incremental Statistics ............................................................................ 192 5.4.2.5 System Statistics ................................................................................... 193 5.4.2.6 Histogramme ......................................................................................... 194 5.4.2.7 Automatische Statistikerzeugung beim BULK Load .............................. 195 5.4.2.8 Statistiken bei temporären Tabellen ...................................................... 196 5.4.2.9 Statistic Advisor ..................................................................................... 197

5.5 Index Tracking ................................................................................................................. 198 5.6 Concurrent Parallel bei UNION und UNION ALL ............................................................ 199 5.7 Flash Cache .................................................................................................................... 200 5.8 Parallelität........................................................................................................................ 201 5.9 Big Table Cache .............................................................................................................. 202 5.10 Force Database Caching ................................................................................................ 203 5.11 Multiple Indizes ............................................................................................................... 204 5.12 Netzwerk Optimierungen ................................................................................................. 205 5.13 Direct NFS ....................................................................................................................... 206 5.14 Informationen bei schlechten IO-Zeiten .......................................................................... 207 5.15 Neues Prozess Modell unter UNIX ................................................................................. 208

5.15.1 Überblick ............................................................................................................ 208 5.15.2 Aktivierung .......................................................................................................... 209 5.15.3 Beispiel Prozesse ............................................................................................... 210 5.15.4 Beispiel Authentifizierung ................................................................................... 211

5.15.4.1 Process Pool (Prespawned Process Pool) ........................................... 212 5.16 Real Time Monitoring ...................................................................................................... 213

5.16.1 Übersicht ............................................................................................................ 213 5.16.2 dbms_sql_monitor .............................................................................................. 214 5.16.3 Ausgabe in der GUI ............................................................................................ 215

5.17 Resource Manager .......................................................................................................... 216 5.17.1 Run Away Queries ............................................................................................. 216

5.17.1.1 Überblick ................................................................................................ 216 5.17.1.2 Beispiel 1 ............................................................................................... 217 5.17.1.3 Beispiel 2 ............................................................................................... 218

5.18 ADDM .............................................................................................................................. 219 5.18.1 Überblick ............................................................................................................ 219 5.18.2 Spot ADDM ........................................................................................................ 220

5.19 Database Replay ............................................................................................................. 221

6 Neuerungen Security .............................................................................................................. 222

6.1 Spezielle Rechte ............................................................................................................. 223 6.1.1 Separation of Duty für Administratoren .............................................................. 223

6.2 Password Complexity Check .......................................................................................... 224 6.3 Password Sicherheit (Hashes) ........................................................................................ 225 6.4 Automatisches Sperren von Accounts ............................................................................ 226 6.5 RESOURCE Rolle ........................................................................................................... 227 6.6 Einschränkungen Leseberechtigungen auf das DD ....................................................... 228

6.6.1 Rechteüberprüfung ............................................................................................. 229

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6.7 Last Login Time Information............................................................................................ 230 6.8 Code-Based Security ...................................................................................................... 231 6.9 Database Links ............................................................................................................... 232

6.9.1 Sicherheit ........................................................................................................... 232 6.10 Inherit Privilegien in Self Database Links ........................................................................ 233 6.11 Unified Auditing ............................................................................................................... 234

6.11.1 Überblick ............................................................................................................ 234 6.11.2 Aktivierung .......................................................................................................... 235 6.11.3 Funktionsumfang ................................................................................................ 236 6.11.4 Ablageort und Zugriff .......................................................................................... 237 6.11.5 Separation of Duty für Audit Administratoren ..................................................... 238 6.11.6 Schreibmodus .................................................................................................... 239 6.11.7 Unified Auditing - Beispiele ................................................................................ 240 6.11.8 Auditing Data Pump ........................................................................................... 243 6.11.9 Löschen von Audit Einträgen ............................................................................. 244

6.12 Verschlüsselung .............................................................................................................. 245 6.12.1 Historie und Ausblick .......................................................................................... 245 6.12.2 Überblick neue Funktionalitäten ......................................................................... 246 6.12.3 Rechteverwaltung ............................................................................................... 247 6.12.4 Keystore Typen .................................................................................................. 248 6.12.5 Einrichtung der Keystore Location ..................................................................... 249 6.12.6 Generierung und Öffnen von Keystores ............................................................. 250

6.12.6.1 Öffnen des erzeugten Keystores ........................................................... 251 6.12.7 Setzen und Zurücksetzen des Master Keys....................................................... 252 6.12.8 Views .................................................................................................................. 253 6.12.9 Keystore Management ....................................................................................... 254

6.12.9.1 Passwortwechsel ................................................................................... 255 6.12.9.2 Backup ................................................................................................... 256 6.12.9.3 Zusammenführung ................................................................................ 257 6.12.9.4 Schließen ............................................................................................... 258 6.12.9.5 Verschieben ........................................................................................... 259

6.12.10 Management von Schlüsseln ............................................................................. 260 6.12.10.1 Anlegen eines Schlüssels ..................................................................... 261 6.12.10.2 Aktivierung eines Schlüssels ................................................................. 263 6.12.10.3 Attribute ................................................................................................. 264 6.12.10.4 Export des Schlüssels ........................................................................... 266 6.12.10.5 Import des Schlüssels ........................................................................... 267

6.12.11 Online Verschlüsselung...................................................................................... 268 6.12.12 Offline Verschlüsselung von Tablespaces ......................................................... 269 6.12.13 Komplette Verschlüsselung aller Tablespaces .................................................. 270

6.13 VPD Policies ................................................................................................................... 271 6.13.1 Neue Types ........................................................................................................ 271 6.13.2 VPD im Unified Auditing ..................................................................................... 272

6.14 Data Redaction ............................................................................................................... 273 6.14.1 Begriffsklärung ................................................................................................... 273 6.14.2 Methoden ........................................................................................................... 274 6.14.3 EXEMPT Redaction Policy ................................................................................. 275 6.14.4 Prozeduren ......................................................................................................... 276 6.14.5 Einschränkungen ................................................................................................ 277 6.14.6 add_policy .......................................................................................................... 278 6.14.7 Update_full_redaction_values ............................................................................ 280 6.14.8 Alter_policy ......................................................................................................... 281 6.14.9 Random Redaction ............................................................................................. 283 6.14.10 Regexp Redaction .............................................................................................. 284 6.14.11 Data Redaction Views ........................................................................................ 285 6.14.12 Schnittstellen / Abgrenzung ............................................................................... 286

6.15 Transparent Sensitive Data Protection (TSDP) ............................................................. 288 6.15.1 Vorgehensweise ................................................................................................. 288 6.15.2 Erstellen Sensitive Type / Definition der sensitiven Spalten .............................. 289 6.15.3 Policy erstellen ................................................................................................... 290

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6.15.4 Verknüpfung und Aktivierung ............................................................................. 291 6.16 Neuer Hashalgorithmus SHA-2 ....................................................................................... 292

6.16.1 Überblick ............................................................................................................ 292 6.16.2 dbms_crypto – Hashfunktionen .......................................................................... 293 6.16.3 Beispiel ............................................................................................................... 294

6.17 Database Masking and Subsetting ................................................................................. 295 6.18 Database Vault / Label Security ...................................................................................... 296

6.18.1 Überblick ............................................................................................................ 296 6.18.2 Neuerungen ........................................................................................................ 297

7 Neuerungen Backup und Recovery ...................................................................................... 298

7.1 Recovery Manager .......................................................................................................... 299 7.1.1 Konzept .............................................................................................................. 299 7.1.2 Separation of Duty .............................................................................................. 301 7.1.3 Command Line Erweiterungen ........................................................................... 304

7.2 Controlfile Autobackup – Änderung am Default .............................................................. 305 7.2.1 Table Recovery .................................................................................................. 306

7.2.1.1 Überblick ................................................................................................ 306 7.2.1.2 Beispiele ................................................................................................ 307 7.2.1.3 Erweiterung REMAP TABLE ................................................................. 308

7.2.2 Duplicate Database ............................................................................................ 309 7.2.2.1 Überblick ................................................................................................ 309 7.2.2.2 NOOPEN Option ................................................................................... 310 7.2.2.3 Vorgehensweise Active Database Duplication ...................................... 311

7.2.3 Cross Platform Backup & Restore ..................................................................... 312 7.2.3.1 Überblick ................................................................................................ 312 7.2.3.2 Vorgehensweise beim Backup .............................................................. 313 7.2.3.3 Vorgehensweise beim Restore ............................................................. 314 7.2.3.4 Cross Plattform B&R in der CDB/PDB .................................................. 315

7.2.4 Multi Section Image Copies und Incremental Backups ...................................... 316 7.2.5 Restore over Network ......................................................................................... 317 7.2.6 Snapshots (Third Party) ..................................................................................... 318

7.2.6.1 Backup Optimierung .............................................................................. 318 7.2.6.2 Recover Optimierung ............................................................................ 319

7.2.7 Recovery Catalog ............................................................................................... 320 7.3 Data Guard ...................................................................................................................... 321

7.3.1 Konzept .............................................................................................................. 321 7.3.2 Separation of Duty .............................................................................................. 322 7.3.3 Aufbau des Data Guards mit dem dbca ............................................................. 324 7.3.4 Automatische Übertragung der Passwordfile ..................................................... 325 7.3.5 Real Time Apply ................................................................................................. 326 7.3.6 Einfacher Rollentausch ...................................................................................... 327 7.3.7 Überprüfung der Möglichkeit eines Switchovers ................................................ 328 7.3.8 Network Restore in Verbindung mit Data Guard ................................................ 329 7.3.9 V$DATAGUARD_PROCESS ............................................................................. 330 7.3.10 Multiple SYNC Standby Databases ................................................................... 331 7.3.11 Analyse von Inkonsistenzen ............................................................................... 332 7.3.12 Nologging Operationen ...................................................................................... 333

7.4 Data Guard Broker .......................................................................................................... 334 7.4.1 Überblick ............................................................................................................ 334 7.4.2 Command Schnittstelle ...................................................................................... 335 7.4.3 Advanced Manageability .................................................................................... 336

7.4.3.1 validate database .................................................................................. 336 7.4.3.2 Beispiel auf Primary Database .............................................................. 337 7.4.3.3 Beispiel auf Standby Database ............................................................. 338

7.4.4 Wiederholbarer Switchover ................................................................................ 339 7.4.5 Fast Sync ........................................................................................................... 340

7.4.5.1 Überblick ................................................................................................ 340 7.4.5.2 Syntax .................................................................................................... 341

7.4.6 Kaskadierende Data Guards .............................................................................. 342

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7.4.6.1 Überblick ................................................................................................ 342 7.4.6.2 Beispiel .................................................................................................. 343

7.4.7 Protection Mode ................................................................................................. 344 7.4.8 Globaler Servicename ........................................................................................ 345 7.4.9 Multiple Observer ............................................................................................... 346 7.4.10 Ein Observer für mehrere Umgebungen ............................................................ 347

7.5 Active Data Guard ........................................................................................................... 348 7.5.1 Überblick ............................................................................................................ 348 7.5.2 Erweiterte Sicherheit .......................................................................................... 349 7.5.3 Temporäre Tabellen ........................................................................................... 350 7.5.4 Sequenzen ......................................................................................................... 351 7.5.5 Session Sequenzen ........................................................................................... 352 7.5.6 Kaskadierender Active Data Guard .................................................................... 353 7.5.7 Far Sync ............................................................................................................. 354

7.5.7.1 Prinzip .................................................................................................... 354 7.5.7.2 Fehlerfall ................................................................................................ 355 7.5.7.3 Details .................................................................................................... 356 7.5.7.4 Erzeugen Far Sync Instanz ................................................................... 357

7.5.8 Connections beim Rollentausch ......................................................................... 358 7.5.9 Performance Erweiterungen .............................................................................. 359

7.6 Rolling Upgrade .............................................................................................................. 360 7.6.1 Überblick ............................................................................................................ 360 7.6.2 Datatypes ........................................................................................................... 361

7.6.2.1 Supported Datatypes ............................................................................. 361 7.6.2.2 Unsupported Datatypes ......................................................................... 362 7.6.2.3 Unsupported Tables .............................................................................. 363

7.6.3 XDB Repository .................................................................................................. 364 7.6.4 Disaster Protection ............................................................................................. 365 7.6.5 Advanced Queuing Support ............................................................................... 366 7.6.6 Data Guard Broker Support ............................................................................... 367 7.6.7 Oracle Scheduler Support .................................................................................. 368 7.6.8 Active Data Guard .............................................................................................. 369

7.6.8.1 Durchführung ......................................................................................... 369 7.6.8.2 Physical Groups .................................................................................... 371

7.6.9 Extended Datatype Support (EDS) .................................................................... 372 7.6.10 XML Datatypes ................................................................................................... 374 7.6.11 Secure Files ....................................................................................................... 375

8 Multitenant ............................................................................................................................... 376

8.1 Einführung ....................................................................................................................... 377 8.1.1 Themenüberblick ................................................................................................ 377 8.1.2 Optionen ............................................................................................................. 378 8.1.3 CDB versus Non-CDB ........................................................................................ 379

8.2 Definitionen – neue Begrifflichkeiten ............................................................................... 380 8.3 Paradigmen Wechsel ...................................................................................................... 382

8.3.1 Bestandteile des DBMS ..................................................................................... 382 8.3.2 Neue Option beim UNDO Management ............................................................. 384 8.3.3 Dynamische Anteile ............................................................................................ 385 8.3.4 Dateien in der CDB und in der PDB ................................................................... 386 8.3.5 Data Dictionary ................................................................................................... 388 8.3.6 Applikations Container ....................................................................................... 389

8.4 Marketing – Vorteile einer CDB/PDB .............................................................................. 390 8.4.1 Konsolidierung, Bereitstellung und Administration ............................................. 390 8.4.2 Mandantenfähigkeit ............................................................................................ 392 8.4.3 Isolation .............................................................................................................. 393 8.4.4 Erstellen einer Datenbank .................................................................................. 395 8.4.5 Portabilität .......................................................................................................... 396 8.4.6 Patching und Migration ....................................................................................... 397 8.4.7 Datenbank Cloning ............................................................................................. 398 8.4.8 Data Guard ......................................................................................................... 399

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8.4.9 Backup & Recovery ............................................................................................ 400 8.5 Provisioning ..................................................................................................................... 401

8.5.1 Überblick ............................................................................................................ 401 8.5.2 Erzeugen einer CDB .......................................................................................... 402

8.5.2.1 Erstellen per Skript ................................................................................ 403 8.5.2.2 Erstellung per dbca im Silent Mode ....................................................... 404 8.5.2.3 Erzeugen per dbca im grafischen Modus .............................................. 405 8.5.2.4 Views ..................................................................................................... 406

8.5.3 Erzeugen einer PDB ........................................................................................... 407 8.5.3.1 Überblick ................................................................................................ 407 8.5.3.2 Erzeugen aus der SEED DB ................................................................. 408 8.5.3.3 Erzeugen mittels dbca im Silent Mode .................................................. 409 8.5.3.4 Erzeugen durch Klonen aus einer anderen PDB (lokale Kopie) ........... 410 8.5.3.5 Erzeugen durch Klonen aus einer anderen PDB (remote Kopie) ......... 411 8.5.3.6 Erzeugen einer PDB durch Klonen einer anderen PDB ........................ 412 8.5.3.7 Verschieben einer PDB aus einer CDB mit geringer Downtime ........... 413 8.5.3.8 Erzeugen über dbms_pdb (aus einer Non-CDB) .................................. 414 8.5.3.9 Erstellen über Replikation ..................................................................... 416 8.5.3.10 Verweis auf eine entfernte PDB ............................................................ 417 8.5.3.11 PDB Migration ....................................................................................... 418 8.5.3.12 PDB Failover ......................................................................................... 419

8.5.4 Löschen einer PDB ............................................................................................ 420 8.6 Portability......................................................................................................................... 421

8.6.1 Überblick ............................................................................................................ 421 8.6.2 Ausklinken von PDBs ......................................................................................... 422 8.6.3 Einklinken von PDBs .......................................................................................... 425

8.6.3.1 Überblick ................................................................................................ 425 8.6.3.2 Einklinken mit der NOCOPY Methode .................................................. 426 8.6.3.3 Einklinken mit der COPY Methode ........................................................ 427 8.6.3.4 Einklinken mit der AS CLONE MOVE Methode .................................... 428

8.7 Administration ................................................................................................................. 429 8.7.1 Aktualisierbare PDB Kopien ............................................................................... 429 8.7.2 Zeichensatz ........................................................................................................ 430 Zeichensatz (ff.) .............................................................................................................. 431 8.7.3 Administration - PDB Speichermanagement...................................................... 432 8.7.4 Administration – PGA Limit ................................................................................ 433 8.7.5 Administration der CDB ...................................................................................... 434 8.7.6 Öffnen einer PDB ............................................................................................... 435 8.7.7 Schließen von PDBs .......................................................................................... 437 8.7.8 Verwalten von Tablespaces ............................................................................... 438 8.7.9 Zugriff auf CDB und PDB ................................................................................... 439 8.7.10 Umbenennen einer PDB .................................................................................... 440 8.7.11 Lesen über PDB Grenzen .................................................................................. 441 8.7.12 Maintenance - Parameter .................................................................................. 442

8.8 Data Dictionary Views ..................................................................................................... 443 8.8.1 Überblick ............................................................................................................ 443 8.8.2 CON-ID Spalte ................................................................................................... 444

8.9 Adaptality – Parameter und Konfiguration ...................................................................... 445 8.9.1 Initialisierungsparameter .................................................................................... 445

8.9.1.1 Überblick ................................................................................................ 445 8.9.1.2 Parameter- Anpassungen an CDB und PDB ........................................ 446

8.9.2 Konfiguration ...................................................................................................... 447 8.10 Security ........................................................................................................................... 448

8.10.1 Überblick ............................................................................................................ 448 8.10.2 Benutzer - Konzept ............................................................................................. 449 8.10.3 Benutzer – Erstellung ......................................................................................... 450 8.10.4 Rollen ................................................................................................................. 451 8.10.5 Begrenzung von Rechten ................................................................................... 452 Begrenzung von Rechten (ff.) ......................................................................................... 453 8.10.6 Betriebssystem Nutzer ....................................................................................... 454

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8.11 Backup & Recovery ......................................................................................................... 455 8.11.1 Überblick ............................................................................................................ 455 8.11.2 Gesamtsicherung ............................................................................................... 457 8.11.3 Backup der CDB ................................................................................................. 458 8.11.4 Backup von PDBs .............................................................................................. 459 8.11.5 Sicherung einzelner Tablespaces ...................................................................... 460 8.11.6 Recovery ............................................................................................................ 461 8.11.7 Zurücksetzen einer PDB .................................................................................... 462 8.11.8 Flashback Überblick ........................................................................................... 463

8.12 Resource Manager .......................................................................................................... 464 8.12.1 Problembeschreibung ........................................................................................ 464 8.12.2 Verwalten von Ressourcen - Resourcemanager ............................................... 465 8.12.3 Verwalten von Ressourcen – PDB Performance Profiles .................................. 466 8.12.4 Verwalten von Ressourcen – I/O Limitierung ..................................................... 467 8.12.5 Verwalten von Ressourcen – Datenoptimierung ................................................ 468

8.13 Auswertung ..................................................................................................................... 469 8.13.1 AWR Auswertung ............................................................................................... 469

8.14 Seiteneffekte ................................................................................................................... 471 8.14.1 Data Guard – Multitenant Architektur ................................................................. 471 8.14.2 Data Guard – Subset Standby ........................................................................... 472 8.14.3 Scheduler ........................................................................................................... 473

9 Neuerungen Oracle Real Application Cluster (RAC) ........................................................... 474

9.1 ASM Neuerungen ............................................................................................................ 475 9.1.1 Flex ASM ............................................................................................................ 475

9.1.1.1 Historie .................................................................................................. 475 9.1.1.2 Überblick ................................................................................................ 476 9.1.1.3 Vorteile .................................................................................................. 477 9.1.1.4 Befehle .................................................................................................. 478

9.1.2 ASM Srubbing .................................................................................................... 479 9.1.2.1 Syntaxbeispiele ..................................................................................... 480

9.1.3 Shared Password File ........................................................................................ 481 9.1.4 Tuning Rebalance .............................................................................................. 482 9.1.5 Monitoring Rebalance ........................................................................................ 483 9.1.6 Failgroup Repair Time ........................................................................................ 484 9.1.7 Even Read .......................................................................................................... 487 9.1.8 Umbenennen von Disks ..................................................................................... 490 9.1.9 Ersetzen von Disks ............................................................................................. 491 9.1.10 Berechtigungen .................................................................................................. 492 9.1.11 ASM unter Windows ........................................................................................... 493 9.1.12 Cloud Control / Database Express ..................................................................... 494 9.1.13 Benutzer Berechtigungen ................................................................................... 495 9.1.14 Storage Limits .................................................................................................... 496 9.1.15 ASM Filter Driver ................................................................................................ 497 9.1.16 Flex Diskgroup ................................................................................................... 498

9.2 Clusterware ..................................................................................................................... 501 9.2.1 Neue Befehle ...................................................................................................... 501 9.2.2 Cluster Domain ................................................................................................... 502 9.2.3 Flex Cluster ........................................................................................................ 506

9.2.3.1 Überblick ................................................................................................ 506 9.2.3.2 Grafik ..................................................................................................... 507 9.2.3.3 Befehle .................................................................................................. 508

9.2.4 Reader Nodes .................................................................................................... 509 9.3 Grid Infrastructure ........................................................................................................... 510

9.3.1 Grid Infrastructure – Installation ......................................................................... 510 9.3.2 Rolling Upgrade für One-Off-Patches ................................................................ 511 9.3.3 Service orientierte Buffer Cache Access Optimierung ....................................... 512 9.3.4 Server Weight-Based Node Eviction .................................................................. 513 9.3.5 Load-Aware Resource Placement ..................................................................... 514 9.3.6 Trace File Analyzer ............................................................................................ 515

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9.4 Oracle Cloud Filesystem ................................................................................................. 518 9.4.1 Historie ............................................................................................................... 518 9.4.2 Oracle Cloud Filesystem in 12c ......................................................................... 519 9.4.3 Erweiterungen .................................................................................................... 520

9.5 Transaction Guard .......................................................................................................... 521 9.6 Application Continuity ...................................................................................................... 523

10 Übungen ................................................................................................................................... 524

10.1 SQL ................................................................................................................................. 525 10.2 PLSQL ............................................................................................................................. 527 10.3 DataPump ....................................................................................................................... 528 10.4 Partitionierung ................................................................................................................. 529 10.5 Flashback ........................................................................................................................ 530 10.6 Tuning ............................................................................................................................. 531 10.7 Security ........................................................................................................................... 532 10.8 RMAN .............................................................................................................................. 533 10.9 Mulitenant ........................................................................................................................ 534