Physik dichter Kernmaterie – von SPS zu FAIR Claudia Höhne, GSI Darmstadt

Physik dichter Kernmaterie – von SPS zu FAIR

Claudia Höhne, GSI Darmstadt

2 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010

Outline: “Physik dichter Kernmaterie”

• Introduction & Motivation

• QCD phase diagram → phase transitions, critical point → region of high baryon densities!

• Lessons learned at SPS

• search for the onset of deconfinement• search for the critical point• study of the strongly interacting medium with medium probes

• CBM experiment at FAIR

• feasibility studies• detector R&D


Phasediagram

• normal matter exists in different phases depending on p,T

• phasediagram for hot and dense nuclear matter?

crossover

1st

ord

er P

T


Phasediagram of strongly interacting matter

temperature

pressure

0

~ 2 ∙1012 K (center of sun ~107 K)

quarks (quasi-)free particles, dissolved from assembly in hadrons

crossover

critical point

1st order PT

/0 ~ 5-10



temperature

pressure

0

Big Bang & early universe

neutron stars

Nucleus+Nucleus collisions in lab



temperature

pressure

0

Fundamental questions of QCD • Equation of state of strongly interacting matter?

• Structure of strongly interacting matter as function of T and B?

• In medium properties of hadrons as function of T and B?

→ address with heavy-ion collisions


energy

What do we know from experiment and theory?

AGS Brookhaven2-10 GeV/nucleon

SPS CERN20 -160 GeV/nucleon

RHIC Brookhaven√s = 130 - 200 GeV/nucleon future: LHC

• since 1980s heavy ion collision experiments at AGS, SPS• 2000 start of RHIC, 2009 LHC• ongoing experiments at SIS exploring „resonance matter“

SIS18 GSI< 2 GeV/nucleon

●▼■ “freeze-out” points: final hadron yields described by statistical model: T, B, V



• freeze out curve

• B=0 MeV: T=164 MeV

• partonic degrees of freedom at RHIC and top SPS

→ first quantitative characterizations of matter

→ detailed studies upcoming at LHC: B=0 MeV and high T

• evidence for onset of deconfinement at lower SPS energies (30 AGeV)

●▼■ “freeze-out” points: final hadron yields described by statistical model: T, B, V



Lattice-QCD

• TC = 151 ± 3 ± 3 MeV (chiral PT) TC = 175 ± 2 ± 4 MeV (deco. PT) (Z. Fodor, JHEP 0906:088,2009. )

• TC = 171 ± 10 ± 17 MeV (chiral & deco. PT)

(M. Cheng et al., arXiv:0911.3450)

• crossover transition at μB=0 (Z. Fodor, arXiv:0712.2930 hep-lat)

• 1. order phase transition with critical endpoint at μB > 0 ?

?

[A. Andronic et al., arXiv:0911.4806 ]

quarkyonic phase: L. McLerran, R. Pisarski, Nucl. Phys. A 796 (2007)83


Future experimental programs

1) exploring properties of the QGP at highest T and B=0: LHC

2) searching for structures in the QCD phase diagram at high net-baryon densities; characterization of this matter

experience:

field driven by experimental data!


Limiting temperature at √sNN ~ 10 GeV

• statistical model fit: T, B, V: temperature saturates for √sNN > 10 GeV although energy density (and initial T) still increases

→ deconfinement phase boundary reached, additional energy goes into heating the QGP

• occurs at the same energy at which mesons start to carry the larger part of the entropy

[A. Andronic et al., Phys. Lett. B 673 (2009) 142] [H.Oeschler et al., J.Phys.G 32, 223 (2006)]

s/T

3

SIS

100

SIS

300

SIS

100

SIS

300


Structures in particle ratios

• statistical model: very succesful description of particle yields

• equilibrated hadron gas!

• multistrange hadrons are important – very sensitive!

vicinity of phase boundary required?

• however: for low energies multistrange hadrons are missing!

• also freeze-out at phase boundary? or rescattering hadron gas?

[A. Andronic et al., Phys. Lett. B 673 (2009) 142]

SIS

100

SIS

300

p/+

K+/+

K-/-

/-

/-

/-


Maximum in relative s-production

HG

QGP

Statistical model of the early stage (SMES)

[Gazdzicki, Gorenstein, Acta. Phys. Polon. B30, 2705 (1999)]

[A.

And

roni

c pr

iv.

com

.,

ana

lysi

s in

Phy

s. L

ett.

B 6

73 (

2009

) 14

2]

• maximum in relative strangeness production

• different energy dependence than in pp

• details of dependence not captured by statistical hadron gas model

• data best described assuming a phase transition: prediction of SMES


• bag model EoS with a strong 1st order phase transition (UrQMD + hydro)

Plateau in slopes of pt-distributions

• mixed phase: pressure and T independent of → weak increase of slopes of pt-spectra

• behavior can only be explained assuming a phase transition

[H. Petersen et al., arXiv:0902.4866]

[M. Gazdzicki et al, Braz. J. Phys. 34, 322 (2004)]

[L. van Hove, Phys.Lett.B 118, 138 (1982)][M. Gorenstein et al., Phys. Lett. B 567, 175 (2003)]

• hydrodynamic calculation including a phase transition

• similar behavior in <mt> seen for other particles: , K, p, , ,

• however: low energy data missing

[NA

49:

Ph

ys.R

ev.

C77

:024

903,

200

8]


Search for the critical point: Event-by-event fluctuations

• phase transition of 2nd order at critical point: fluctuations?

• study of event-by-event fluctuations of• mean-pt • multiplicity• net electric charge • particle ratios

• experimentally difficult, many contributions can contribute

• no data for lower energies

• not conclusive

[NA49: Phys.Rev.C79:044910,2009.][STAR: Phys.Rev.Lett.103:092301,2009.]


Exploring nuclear matter with penetrating probes

pn

++

p

e+, μ+

e-, μ-

• dileptons are penetrating probes – direct radiation from the created hot and dense matter

- meson

• vacuum lifetime 0 = 1.3 fm/c

• couples to the medium → change of hadronic properties: "melts" close to Tc and at high B

• connection to chiral symmetry restoration?

"SPS""FAIR"

[R. Rapp, priv. com. (CBM physics book)]


Exploring nuclear matter with penetrating probes

%2MM

NA60: Phys.Rev.Lett. 96 (2006) 162302

• SPS: dilepton spectra measured by NA60 (µ+µ-) and CERES (e+e-)

• excess spectrum shows strong modification of -meson in medium

calculations: H. v. Hees, R. Rapp, Nucl.Phys.A806:339,2008

“excess spectrum”: di-lepton radiation from the high-density phase


Exploring nuclear matter with penetrating probes• measurement of di-electron channel: access to lowest masses→ strength of dilepton yield at low masses is due to coupling to baryons!

• importance of baryon density: data at 40 show higher excess than at 158 AGeV!

[CERES: Phys.Lett.B 666, 425 (2008)][calculations: H. v. Hees, R. Rapp, Nucl.Phys.A806:339,2008 ]

preliminary

N*

N

*

e+

e-

explains C+C!

HADES, arXiv: 0907.3690 – QM09

+

N-1

π

Δ(1232)

>

>

N*(1520)

N-1


Charmonium suppression

• charm newly produced: mc ~ 1.3 GeV ! → new scale, production in initial hard scattering

• distribution among charmed hadrons depending on medium

• appealing early idea: charmonia will be dissolved in QGP

→ suppressed yield compared to hadron gas

[R. Arnaldi, NA60, QM09]

NA60, preliminary, 158 AGeV

• J/ suppression measured

• difficult corrections, many open questions

• no good open-charm (D-meson) measurement

• no data at lower energies

Pb+Pb

In+In


Charm propagation

[HSD: O. Linnyk et al., Int.J.Mod.Phys.E17, 1367 (2008)] [SHM: A. Andronic et al., Phys. Lett. B 659 (2008) 149]

Propagation of produced charm quarks in the dense phase –quark like or (pre-)hadron like?

• charmonium to open charm ratio as indicator – measure both!• indications of collectivity?

• first charm measurements in A+A below 158 AGeV!

• aim at detailed information including phase space distributions, flow!


Future explorations

complete scan of the QCD phase diagram with modern, 2nd generation experiments on the horizon!

30A GeV

• RHIC beam energy scan- evolution of medium properties- “turn-off” of established signatures- search for CP and PT

• NA61 at SPS- search for CP and PT in energy-system size scan

• both essentially limited to high yield observables

• FAIR and NICA- new accelerator projects- FAIR: high intensities! → rare probes!


Highest net-baryon densities at FAIR

• high (net-)baryon and energy densities created in central Au+Au collisions

beam energy

max. /0

max [GeV/fm3]

time span

~FWHM

5 AGeV 6 1.5 ~ 8 fm/c

40 AGeV 12 > 10 ~ 3.5 fm/c

[J.

Ra

ndru

p, J

. C

leym

ans

PR

C7

4, 0

4790

1 (2

006

)]


CBM: Physics topics and Observables

Onset of chiral symmetry restoration at high B

• in-medium modifications of hadrons (,, e+e-(μ+μ-), D)

Deconfinement phase transition at high B • excitation function and flow of strangeness (K, , , , )• excitation function and flow of charm (J/ψ, ψ', D0, D, c)• charmonium suppression, sequential for J/ψ and ψ' ?

The equation-of-state at high B

• collective flow of hadrons• particle production at threshold energies (open charm)

QCD critical endpoint• excitation function of event-by-event fluctuations (K/π,...)

Systematics & precision!!

→ characterization of the created medium!

CBM Physics B

ook

submitt

ed!


Particle multiplicity ∙ branching ratio for min. bias Au+Au collisions at 25 GeV (from HSD and thermal model)

SPS Pb+Pb 30 A GeV

Particle multiplicities


CBM @ FAIR

+ HADES

CBM and HADES at SIS 100 and SIS 300

• systematic exploration of high baryon density matter in A+A collisions from 2 – 45 AGeV beam energy with 2nd generation experiments

• explore the QCD phase diagram, chiral symmetry restauration


Module 0:SIS100

Module 1:CBM Cave,APPA hall

Module 2:SFRS + R3BModule 3:

Anti-proton facilityModule 4:Low-E NUSTAR, NESR, FLAIR, APPA-cave

Module 5:RESR

HADES and CBM startversion at SIS 100


The CBM experiment• tracking, momentum determination, vertex reconstruction: radiation hard silicon pixel/strip detectors (STS) in a magnetic dipole field

• hadron ID: TOF (& RICH)• photons, 0, : ECAL

• electron ID: RICH & TRD suppression 104

• PSD for event characterization• high speed DAQ and trigger → rare probes!

• muon ID: absorber + detector layer sandwich move out absorbers for hadron runs

RICHTRD

TOF ECAL

magnet

absorber +

detectorsSTS + MVD

HK 41.1, Do 14:00, T. Galatyuk


STS tracking – heart of CBM

Challenge: high track density: 600 charged particles in 25o @ 10MHz

Task

• track reconstruction: 0.1 GeV/c < p 10-12 GeV/c p/p ~ 1% (p=1 GeV/c)

• primary and secondary vertex reconstruction (resolution 50 m)

• V0 track pattern recognition

c = 312 m

radiation hard and fast silicon pixel and strip detectors

self triggered FEE

high speed DAQ and trigger

online track reconstruction!

fast & rad. hard detectors!


Parallelization in CBM Reconstruction !

Vector SIMD

MultiThreading

NVIDIA CUDA

OpenCL

STS + + + +

MuCh + +

RICH + +

TRD + +

Vertexing +

Open Charm Analysis

+

+ March 2009+ October 2009

DELL Server with: DELL Server with: • Core i7/NehalemCore i7/Nehalem 22x(Xeon X5550 44x2.66 GHz, 8 MB L3 cache)• DDR3-1333 36 GB36 GB main memory• NVIDIA NVIDIA GTX 295 2x240 FPUs2x240 FPUs, 1792 MB• optional LRBLRB

• fast event reconstruction is a must for CBM! HK 41.2, Do 14:30, I. Kisel


CBM feasibility studies

• feasibility studies performed for all major channels including event reconstruction and semirealistic detector setup

J/ J/

di-electrons di-muons

' '

c

1010 events

D0

HK 41.3, Do 14:45, A. LebedevHK 41.4, Do 15:00, S. LebedevHK 41.6, Do 15:30, S. SeddikiHK 41.7, Do 15:45, I. Vassiliev


Sensor development:double-sided micro-strips, stereo angle 15o, pitch 60 μm300 μm thick, bonded toultra-thin micro-cables,radiation hardness

STS in thermalenclosure

Detector planes: ultra-light weight ladder structure

Prototypes: full CBM sensor, ultrathin cables

Development of the Silicon Tracking System (STS)

HK 21.6, Di 15:30, S. ChatterjiHK 57.2, Do 17:00, A. LymanetsHK 57.8, Do18:30, A. Kotynia


Monolithic Acitive Pixel Sensors in commercial CMOS processCBM: 5 µm single point resolution

Micro Vertex Detecor (MVD) Development

• first station 5cm downstream of target

• high position resolution!

HK 21.4, Di 15:00, D. DoeringHK 21.5, Di 15:15, S. Amar.YoucefHK 57.1, Do 16:30, M. Deveaux

first demonstrator tested in beam!


RICH – TRD – TOF development

• RICH and TRD detectors for electron identification

• large size time-of-flight detector (RPCs) for hadron identification

MAPMT H8500

HK 31.2, Di 17:00, J. Eschke

testbeam

HK 58.3, Do 17:15, P. ReicheltHK 58.7, Do 18:15, C. Bergmann

HK 48.1, Do 14:00, H. DeppeHK 48.6, Do 15:15, S. ManzHK 48.7, Do 15:30, P. LoizeauHK 58.6, Do 18:00, I. Deppner

fast readout electronicsdouble-sided TRD prototypes


Self-triggered readout electronics

• self-triggered readout electronics

• data-push architecture

• trigger evaluation with online tracking on large PC farm

HK 10.2, Mo 16:45, J. GebeleinHK 48.2, Do 14:15, S. LöchnerHK 70.3, Fr 14:30, F. Lemke


STSSTSGEMGEMRICHRICH

DABC + Go4, Slow Control DABC + Go4, Slow Control

TriggerTrigger S3+S4S3+S4

1st system test in CBM testbeam @ GSI (Sep 2009)

• combined beam time CBM & PANDA • 9 days of ~ 2 hours beam per day • protons, 2.0 GeV, ~ 104 p/s

HK 49.1, Do 14:00, S. Linev

self-triggered FEE,self-triggered FEE,


CBM@FAIR – high B, moderate T:

• exploration of QCD phase diagram at high baryon densities at SIS 100 and SIS 300 (2-45 AGeV beam energy)

• together with HADES unique possibility of characterizing properties of baryon dense matter

SummaryLessons from SPS:

• evidence for onset of deconfinement

• medium properties? – medium influences seen: more data, statistics missing → characterization of medium needed!

• evidence for critical point? – not conclusive [A. Andronic et al., arXiv:0911.4806 ]


CBM collaboration

Russia:IHEP ProtvinoINR TroitzkITEP MoscowKRI, St. Petersburg

China:Tsinghua Univ., BeijingCCNU WuhanUSTC Hefei

Croatia:

University of SplitRBI, Zagreb

Portugal: LIP Coimbra

Romania: NIPNE BucharestBucharest University

Poland:Krakow Univ.Warsaw Univ.Silesia Univ. KatowiceNucl. Phys. Inst. Krakow

Ukraine: INR, KievShevchenko Univ. , Kiev

Univ. MannheimUniv. MünsterFZ RossendorfGSI DarmstadtUniv. WuppertalCzech Republic:

CAS, RezTechn. Univ. Prague

Germany: Univ. Heidelberg, Phys. Inst.Univ. HD, Kirchhoff Inst. Univ. Frankfurt

Hungaria:KFKI BudapestEötvös Univ. Budapest

India:Aligarh Muslim Univ., AligarhIOP BhubaneswarPanjab Univ., ChandigarhGauhati Univ., Guwahati Univ. Rajasthan, JaipurUniv. Jammu, JammuIIT KharagpurSAHA KolkataUniv Calcutta, KolkataVECC KolkataUniv. Kashmir, SrinagarBanaras Hindu Univ., Varanasi

Norway:Univ. Bergen

Kurchatov Inst. MoscowLHE, JINR DubnaLPP, JINR Dubna

Cyprus: Nikosia Univ.

56 institutions, > 400 members Split, Oct 2009

LIT, JINR DubnaMEPHI MoscowObninsk State Univ.PNPI GatchinaSINP, Moscow State Univ. St. Petersburg Polytec. U.

Korea:Korea Univ. SeoulPusan National Univ.

France: IPHC Strasbourg

CBM @ DPG 2010:

23 Voträge

6 Poster


CBM presentationsVorträge:HK 10.2 Mo 16:45: FPGA Fault Tolerance in Particle Physics Experiments — Jano GebeleinHK 21.4 Di 15:00: Annealing studies with ionizing, non-ionizing and combined radiation irradiated MAPS — Dennis DoeringHK 21.5 Di 15:15: In-beam performance of the MAPS demonstrator — Samir Amar-Youcef,HK 21.6 Di 15:30: Development of radiation hard microstrip detectors for the CBM silicon tracking system —Sudeep ChatterjiHK 31.2 Di 17:00: Results from first beam tests for the development of a RICH detector for CBM — Jürgen EschkeHK 41.1 Do 14:00: Exploring QCD matter at highest baryonic densities with CBM — Tetyana GalatyukHK 41.2 Do 14:30: Parallel approach to online event reconstruction in the CBM experiment — Ivan KiselHK 41.3 Do 14:45: Muon detection in the CBM experiment at FAIR — Andrey LebedevHK 41.4 Do 15:00: Electron identification capabilities of the CBM experiment at FAIR —Semen LebedevHK 41.6 Do 15:30: Feasibility of open charm elliptic flow measurement in CBM — Selim SeddikiHK 41.7 Do 15:45: Open charm measurement in the CBM experiment — Iouri VassilievHK 48.1 Do 14:00: The GSI Event-Driven TDC with 4 Channels GET4 — Harald DeppeHK 48.2 Do 14:15: Radiation Studies on the UMC 180nm CMOS Process at GSI — Sven Löchner,HK 48.6 Do 15:15: Design and Implementation of the Read-Out-Controller for the GET4 chips — Sebastian ManzHK 48.7 Do 15:30: A demonstrator for the CBM Time Of Flight wall electronic readout chain — Pierre-Alain LoizeauHK 49.1 Do 14:00: Data Acquisition Backbone Core DABC release v1.0 — Sergey LinevHK 57.1 Do 16:30: Status of the CBM Micro Vertex Detector — Michael DeveauxHK 57.2 Do 17:00: Beam tests with first prototypes of the CBM Silicon Tracking System — Anton LymanetsHK 57.8 Do 18:30: Performance studies of the CBM Silicon Tracking System — Anna KotyniaHK 58.3 Do 17:15: Study on TR-Efficiency of the CBM Transition Radiation Detector — Patrick ReicheltHK 58.6 Do 18:00: A differential RPC prototype for CBM — Ingo Martin DeppnerHK 58.7 Do 18:15: Performance of High-Rate TRD Prototypes for CBM in Source Tests and Simulation — Cyrano BergmannHK 70.3 Fr 14:30: Time synchronization and measurements of a hierarchical DAQ network — Frank Lemke

Poster – HK 36 Mi 14:00:HK 36.1: Electromagnetic probes of matter under extreme conditions — Elena BelolaptikovaHK 36.5: Parallel Kalman filter track fit based on vector classes — Igor KulakovHK 36.6: A parallel algorithm for reconstruction of short-lived particles — Maksym ZyzakHK 36.7: (Ξ0Λ)-dibaryon detectability study in the CBM experiment — Iouri VassilievHK 36.52: Studies on MAPS being irradiated with ionizing, non-ionizing and combined radiation doses — Michael DeveauxHK 36.54: Electronical and mechanical integration of the MVD Demonstrator for CBM — Tobias Tischler

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Physik dichter Kernmaterie – von SPS zu FAIR Claudia Höhne, GSI Darmstadt