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Rohstoffwandel in der chemischen Industrie: Pflanzen als Basis für eine nachhaltige Chemieproduktion

Dr. Andreas KreimeyerMember of the Board of Executive Directors Research Executive Director BASF SE, Ludwigshafen

February 10th, 2010

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Gas RenewablesOil CoalCarbonDioxide

Feedstock alternatives: different carbon sources for chemicals can be used

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1850 1900 1950 2000 20501800

Oil

Gas

Coal

RenewableRenewableResourcesResources

???

Search for feedstock alternativeshas a long history

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SourceSource: VCI, FNR, : VCI, FNR, meomeo

OilOil

GasGas

2 %2 % CoalCoal

RenewableRenewableResourcesResources

TotalTotalConsumptionConsumption::

~ 20 ~ 20 MtMt / a/ a

8 %8 %

10 %10 %80 %80 %

Renewable resources and gas are main feedstock alternatives

AnnualAnnual consumptionconsumption in in chemicalchemicalindustryindustry (Germany)(Germany)

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SourceSource: VCI, FNR, : VCI, FNR, meomeo

Oils/FatsOils/Fats1.1501.150

StarchStarch260260

10001000tonstons

Renewable resources and gas are main feedstock alternatives

AnnualAnnual consumptionconsumption in in chemicalchemicalindustryindustry (Germany)(Germany)

CelluloseCellulose320320

FibersFibers204204

SugarSugar240240OthersOthers

117117

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Renewable ResourcesGlobal Consumption

Global Biomass Production

180 bn t / a

Renewable Resources7 bn t / a

4%

5% Chemical Industry(incl. Pulp & Paper)

95% Nutrition, Energy, Construction

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EssentialsCost competivenessUnique application properties

Prerequisites AvailabilitySustainabilityApplicabilityProcessability

Success criteria for plant raw materials in chemical industry

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Others (Proteins, terpenes, ....)

20 %20 %

5 %5 %

50 %50 %

24 %24 %

Complex composition of renewables

OOO

OH OHOOH OH

OH

OHO

OH OH

OH

* *

Cellulose

Hemicellulose (Xylanes)O

OOOH OHO

OH OH* *

O

OHOH

OH

OO

OH OH

O

O

OOH OH

OH

O

O

*

*

*

Starch1 %

OO

O

O

O

O

Plant oils0,1 %

Lignin

OMeO

O

O

O

OMe

OH

O

OMeOH*

*

*

*

*

OO

OH

OHOH

OH

O

OH

OOH

OH

H

Sucrose0,1 %

Total:180 bn t/a

Source: GdCH Fachgruppe, Umweltchemie und Ökotoxikologie

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Verbund – integrated productionRaw materials

Chemicals Segment

Ammonia

Methanol

Hydrogen

Chlorine

Sulfur dioxide

Sulfuric acid

Caustic soda

PSA

Carbon dioxide

Carbon oxide

C4-cutPropylene

Ethylene

Acetylene

Oxygen

AH-saltsAdipic acid

Caprolactam

HydrosulfitesNa-bisulfitesNa-sulfites

Na-nitrite, -nitrate

PropyleneglycolesPolyvinylchloride*

Melamine

Carbon dioxide liqu.

ButanolesButyraldehydes

Acrylic acid ester

Methyl acrylate

Tetrahydrofuran

Butyrolactone

PolyisobuteneSB-copolymer

Glycole ethers

C13-C15-alcohols

Diethanol amineEthanol amine

Propanole

Polyamides

Lutinol EBlankitesRongales

RongalitesSeparoles

PVC*

Urea-formaldehyde-condensation products

Carbon dioxide solid

ButylacetateDispersionsEthylhexanolHexanediol

NeopentylglykolUltradur-brands

DMTTrilon-brands

EthylenediaminePOM

Poly tetrahydrofuranN-Methylpyrrolidone

PyrrolidonePlurafac-brands

KeropurPlasticizers

Lutensol-brands

Glyoxal

PolyminEthylenimin

Propionic acid

Air

Natural gas

Naphtha

PhosphatePotassium

chloride

Vacuum residue

Salt

Sulfur

Benzene

Cyclohexane

O-xylene

Ethyl benzeneStyrene

Polystyrenestyropor

Fertilizers

Hydrogen cyanideAcrylic acid

Vinylchloride*

Nitric acid

Formaldehyde

Butanediol

Oxo alcohols

Ethylene oxide

Propionic aldehydeVinylethers

Nitrogen oxide

Methyl amines

Hydroxylamine

Oxo C4Formic acidAcetic acid

Urea

Propylene oxid

Na-salts ofSulfuric acid

Textil chemicals

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Bio-based materials & processesin the chemical industry

„customized“ crops breeding & plant biotechnology

„Microorganism – manufactured“ compounds fermentation

Biomass – based feedstock biorefinery

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Metabolic engineering: Desaturase-Elongase pathway transferred from algae into oilseed rape

Healthy fatty acids from oil crops LC-Omega-3/6

mono-unsaturated fatty Acids C-18DesaturaseElongaseDesaturase

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) C-20

Arachidonic Acid (ARA) C-20

ElongaseDesaturase

Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) C-22

Desaturase

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Fermentation based products

Vitamins

AminoacidsLysinTryptophanGlutamat

Organic AcidsLactic acidCitric acidItaconic acid

AlkoholsEthanolButanolPropanediol

Process

Bio-synthetic pathwayspresent in nature

Optimized through

selection,

genetic engineering,

metabolic engineering

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OO

O O

China Dominican Republic

Bagasse17 % hemicellulose

Corn cobs21 % hemicellulose

OOO OOO

O O HH

HO

O O

O

H

H

∼

∼

∼

A new source for THF

Textile fibers,polyurethanesNatural

GasAcetylene THF/pTHF®Butanediol

Raw materials Products

Furfural THFFuraneHemi-cellulose

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Options for Acrylic Acid value chain

Superabsorbents, DispersionsPropylene Acrylic Acid

Raw materials Products

Lactic Acid

Naphtha,LPG

Carbo-hydrates

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OOO OOO

O O HH

HO

O O

O

H

H

∼

∼

∼

OMeO

O

O

O

OMe

OH

O

OMeOH∼

∼

∼

∼

∼

OOO

O OOO O

O

O H

H

H

H

H

H ∼∼

lignin

cellulose

hemicellulose

complex structurefractionation? biorefinery?

■ wheat straw

■ switchgrass

■ bagasse

■ waste wood

source: Faix, Lehnen

Biomass -Separation of main components

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Ionic Liquids

SteamExplosion

Alkali Treatment(AFEX/ARP/Lime)

ROWEUNAFTA

Acetosolv

Organosolv

Acid /Hot Water

Start ups

Institutions

Companies

Bubble Size:Stage of Development

Research

Proof of Concept

Pilot Plant

CommercialScale

Several additional pilot and commercial plants commissioned

Nanjing Forest Uni, China

Wide variety of separation techniquesunder evaluation

Arkenol Biotec Progress

Latvian StateUniversity

TVA

MBI

Aventine

Pure Vision

Lignol

SUNY

IogenKamyr

University of Utah

Auburn Uni

Wageningen Uni

Shell

Uni of British Columbia

Innovative Biotechnologies

ENEA

Dupont

Texas University

Sunopta/Abengoa

VTT

NREL

Purac

Chemopolis

IBUS/ELSAM/DONG

SunOpta

DEDINI, Brazil

Iceland LCF

Uni of Lund/Etek

BioJoule, NZ

QUT, AusUni of Toledo BASF

Mitsui

CIMV

DTU

Dongping, China

CRAC, China

Marubeni, JP(Lizenz Verenium)

Verenium JGC, JP(Lizens Arkenol)

Dartmouth College

DECHEMA

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Biomass

Products

Biorefinery

Amorphous cellulose

Glucose

Lignin

Ethanol Water

IL recyclingDissolution in IL

Precipitation Precipitation

OOO

O OOO O

O

O H

H

H

H

H

H ∼∼

Biomass

Dissolution and fractionation of biomass: new concept based on ionic liquids

Precipitation Hemi-cellulose

OOO OOO

O O HH

HO

O O

O

H

H

∼

∼

∼

OMeO

O

O

O

OMe

OH

O

OMeOH∼

∼ ∼

∼

∼

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Outlook Bioprocessing/Fermentation

Focus on high margin products in specialty areas

Significant growth potential short/midterm

Biomass-based FeedstockHuge technical challengeSignificant economic challenge

High investment in R & D – outcome?

Chemical Industry – globally competitive

technology, products, feedstock / energy, legal framework

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Positionspapiere „Rohstoffbasis im Wandel“ – Januar 2010

„Energieversorgung der Zukunft“ – Oktober 2009

Quelle: www.dechema.de/Forschung/Studien_und_Positionspapiere.html

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