Sedimentpetrologie:gPetrographie, Geochemie & Provenienzanalyse

(3 SWS V/Ü)(3 SWS, V/Ü)

Modul Beckenanalyse 1:Modul Beckenanalyse 1:Sedimentpetrologie und Lagerstätten

Kursnummer: 600128

Hilmar von EynattenAbt Sedimentologie & UmweltgeologieAbt. Sedimentologie & Umweltgeologie

HvE - Sedimentpetrologie

WS 2014/15

Lehrangebot (Master Geowissenschaften) im BereichLehrangebot (Master Geowissenschaften) im BereichExogene Geologie / Sedimentologie / Sedimentpetrologie

(Bachelor: Praktikum Sedimentpetrographie/Sedimentologie)

Sedimentologie und Beckenanalyse (Modul Geodynamik 1) WiSeSedimentpetrologie: Petrographie, Geochemie & ProvenienzanalyseEconomical Deposits in Sedimentary Environments (Modul Beckenanalyse 1)

Low-Temperature Geothermometry and Geochronology in Basin AnalysisDiagenese und Verwitterung (?) (Modul Beckenanalyse 2)

Geländeübung zur Sedimentgeologie (Oberkreide Subherzyn) SoSeGeländeübung zur Sedimentgeologie (Oberkreide – Subherzyn)Seminar zu Sedimentgeologie und SedimentpetrologieAngewandte Liefergebietsanalyse (Modul Beckenanalyse 3)

SoSe

HvE - Sedimentpetrologie

Angewandte Liefergebietsanalyse (Modul Beckenanalyse 3)

Literatur – I

General:Füchtbauer H (1988): Sedimente und Sedimentgesteine - 4 Auflage 1141 ppFüchtbauer, H. (1988): Sedimente und Sedimentgesteine. 4. Auflage, 1141 pp,

Stuttgart (Schweizerbart).

Pettijohn, F.J., Potter, P.E. & Siever, R. (1987): Sand and sandstone. 2nd edition,553 N Y k (S i )553 pp, New York (Springer).

Siever, R. (1988): Sand - ein Archiv der Erdgeschichte. 254 pp, Heidelberg (Spektrumder Wissenschaft).

Tucker, M.E. (2001): Sedimentary Petrology: an introduction to the origin of sedimentaryrocks. 3nd edition, 262 pp, Oxford (Blackwell).

Tucker M E (1988 Ed ): Techniques in Sedimentology 394 pp Oxford (Blackwell)Tucker, M.E. (1988, Ed.): Techniques in Sedimentology. 394 pp, Oxford (Blackwell).in German: - ... (1996): Methoden der Sedimentologie.- 366 pp, Stuttgart (Enke)

Clay minerals:Clay minerals:Heim, D. (1990): Tone und Tonminerale.- 157 pp, Stuttgart (Enke).

Velde, B. (1995, Ed.): Origin and mineralogy of clays.- 334 pp, Berlin (Springer).( ) g gy y pp ( p g )

Geochemistry:Rollinson, H.R. (1993): Using geochemical data. 352 pp, Essex (Longman).

HvE - Sedimentpetrologie

( ) g g pp ( g )

Literatur – II

Microscopy:Adams, A.E., MacKenzie, W.S. & Guilford, C, (1986): Atlas der Sedimentgesteine in, , , , , ( ) g

Dünnschliffen. 103pp, Stuttgart (Enke).Scholle, P.A. (1979): A color illustrated guide to constituents, textures, cements, and

porosities of sandstones and associated rocks.- Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol.,porosities of sandstones and associated rocks. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol.,Memoir, 28, 201pp, Tulsa/Oklahoma.

Heavy minerals:Boenigk, W. (1983): Schwermineralanalyse.- 158 pp, Stuttgart (Enke).Mange, M.A. & Maurer, H.F.W. (1991): Schwerminerale in Farbe.- 148 pp, Stuttgart (Enke).

... & ... (1992) : Heavy Minerals in Colours. 147 pp, London (Chapman & Hall).... & ... (1992) : Heavy Minerals in Colours. 147 pp, London (Chapman & Hall).Mange, M.A. & Wright, D.T. (2007): Heavy Minerals in Use, Developments in

Sedimentology, 58, 1283 pp, Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Provenance analysis:Ibbeken, H., & Schleyer, R. (1991): Source and Sediment.- 286 pp, Berlin (Springer).Johnsson M J & Basu A (1993 Eds ): Processes controlling the composition of clasticJohnsson, M.J. & Basu, A. (1993, Eds.): Processes controlling the composition of clastic

sediments.- 342 pp, Geol. Soc. America, Special Paper, 284, Boulder/Colorado.Weltje GJ & von Eynatten H (2004): Quantitative provenance analysis of sediments.

S di t G l l 171

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Sedimentary Geology, vol. 171.

http://www.sediment.uni-goettingen.de/skript.htmlLiteratur – III

Provenance analysis:Arribas J, Critelli S & Johnsson MJ (2007): Sedimentary provenance and petrogenesis.

Geol. Soc. America, Special Paper 420, Boulder/Colorado.von Eynatten H, Critelli S, Ingersoll RV, Weltje GJ (2012): Actualistic Models of Sediment y , , g , j ( )

Generation. Sedimentary Geology, vol. 280.

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grain-sizeg

classification

Miall 1990

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Miall 1990

source area parent lithologytopography

generation

- weathering

- erosion

climate

- abrasion physical and chemical

- breakage

- abrasion

ti

- mixing

physical and chemicalenergy on transitdispersal

sedimentary basin

- sorting

- addition of intraclastssedimentary basin

- compaction

- authigenesiscomposition & textureburial historydiagenesis

- intrastratal solutiony

fluid chemistrydiagenesis

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Weltje & von Eynatten 2004, Sed Geol 171

source areaweatherings

?

weatheringerosion

naly

sian

ce a

mixing

oven

a

abrasion

sorting

t is

pro

wha

t

compactionauthigenesis,

intrastratal solution

sedimentarybasin

HvE - Sedimentpetrologiemodified after Morton & Hallsworth 1994

Arenites / Sandstonescomponents: quartz,(clasts) feldspar,

rock fragments (lithoclasts),icement mica,

bioclasts/-morphs,heavy minerals,

t

cementcompo-nents

etc...

pore space: water,(pore fill) petroleum (crude oil)

gases (CO2, CH4,H2S, H2O, N2, O2 ... ))

cements: quartz, hematite(authigenic calcite, dolomite, siderite, ankerite, precipitates) anhydrite halite

pore space200 μm

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precipitates) anhydrite, halitechlorite, kaolinite, illite, smectite, ...

(A) componentsThemen:

(B) texture - structureThemen:

(C) classification

(D) provenance analysis

(E) geochemical indicators( ) g

(F) Heavy mineral analysis(F) Heavy mineral analysis

(G) case studies

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(G) case studies

(A) components

1. quartz and other SiO2 - polymorphs

quartz is the most common mineral in arenites 65%quartz is the most common mineral in arenites 65%

comp.: shale ~30%l i 10%Why ? pelagic ooze ~10%

frequency of quartz in crystalline rocks ~ 20%

Low - Temp - Quarz („Niedrig-Quarz“, T < 573°C, trigonal, = 2,65 g/cm3)

thi i th l t lli l h f SiO hi h i t bl dthis is the only crystalline polymorph of SiO2, which is stable under„sedimentary conditions“

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Amorphous silica(SiO2 x nH2O);variable water content:11-14 wt.-% (radiolarian ooze)2 10% (di t )2-10% (diatom ooze)

„metastable“,0.5-7% H2O

chalcedony or mikro-/crypto-crystalline quartz (“chert“): 0-2% H2O;„normal“-quartz, pure SiO2,

0% H2O

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Tucker 1991

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Pettijohn et al. 1987 S.32

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Pettijohn et al. 1987 S.31

A. Meyer (Diplomarbeit 2003)

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KrSst-12

AAPG 28 – 8 u.

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AAPG 28 - 3 o.

AAPG 28 - 4 o.

2. Feldspar

Pettijohn et al. 1987 S.36

1991

S.4

4

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er 1

37 1

987

S.3

john

et a

l.

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Pet

tij

A. Meyer (Diplomarbeit 2003)y ( p )

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AAPG 28 - 16 m.

AAPG 28 - 19 o.

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AAPG 28 - 16 u.

3. Rock fragments (lithoclasts)

- volcanic (fragments of basalts, andesites, rhyolites,pyroclastics, volcanic glass, etc..., Lv)

- sedimentary (Ls), metasedimentary (Lsm) andmetamorphic (Lm) lithoclasts (e.g. mudrocks, h l l t h llit t it i

h t ( di l it l dit ) d th

shales, slates, phyllites, quartzites, micaschists, gneisses, etc...)

- cherts (radiolarites, lydites) and otherpolycrystalline quartz types (Qc / Qp)

- carbonate lithoclasts (Lc / C)

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Pettijohn et al.1987 S.44

Fig. 2.48 Lithic grains of volcanic origin. The larger graing g gconsists of minute feldspar laths in a glassy grundmass, and the smaller grain (at the top) is a feldspar crystal partly replaced by calcite. The cement is also calcite and there are smaller fragments of volcanic material in that too. A. planc-polarized light. B. Crossed polars. Triassic shallow-marine sandstone. The Dolomites, Italy.

Tucker 1991 S.40

Fig 2 47 Fragment of laminatedFig. 2.47 Fragment of laminatedshale, also other lithic and quartz grains in greywacke. Plane-polarized light. Silurian turbidite (deep marine) Southern

Tucker 1991 S.39

(deep-marine). SouthernUplands, Scotland.

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i l d (d t it l) h t i !includes (detrital) chert grains!

Pettijohn et al. 1987 S.45

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200 μmbasic volcanic clast,chloritized matrix (illite as well?),many opaque phases (ilm, mag, ...)

A. Meyer (Diplomarbeit 2003)

many opaque phases (ilm, mag, ...)plagioclase phenocrysts showing nopreferred orientation

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300 μmA. Meyer (Diplomarbeit 2003)

sedimentary to low-grade metamorphicsedimentary to low grade metamorphic(metasedimentary) lithoclasts;Late Paleozoic, Harz Mountains

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300 μmA. Meyer (Diplomarbeit 2003)

100 μmA. Meyer (Diplomarbeit 2003)

more types of carbonate clastsleft: pure micrite (mudstone)left: pure micrite (mudstone)right: dolomite clast, see contrast to calcite-cement (sparite),

lower left: red algae

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4. Further components

- phyllosilicates detrital or authigenic ?phyllosilicates

chlorite, mica, clay minerals

bioclasts / biomorphs

detrital or authigenic ?

- bioclasts / biomorphs

shells, echinoderms, foraminifera, algae, spiculae, etc.; and fragments thereof

- coated grains

ooids, oncoids, peloids (fecal pellets)

- intraclasts (resedimented clasts from the same area/time))

h i l- heavy minerals

- other detrital or authigenic ?phosphates ( bone fragments), glaukonite, chamosite, etc.

g

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ina)

eofla

beli

nife

r (N

efo

ram

in

300 μm

)

300 μmforaminifer (Lenticulata)

erch

en“)

„Moo

stie

yozo

e („

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bry

general scheme of heavygeneral scheme of heavymineral stability

(from Mange & Maurer 1991 S.8)

heavymineralsminerals

Fig. 2.55 Sketches of the seven most common heavy minerals (with the y (degree of weathering and or dissolution increasing to the right) together with their optical properties.After Füchtbauer (1974)

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After Füchtbauer (1974).

Tucker 1991 S.45

300 μmA Meyer (Diplomarbeit 2003) phosphorite particle with

detrital quartz grains

A. Meyer (Diplomarbeit 2003)

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