N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

Steve Buntman +1-202-586-1825

N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

Office Mission

Policy development and capacity-building to counter and respond to radiological and nuclear incidents, accidents, and terror threats

Provides a versatile, capable, worldwide nuclear or radiological emergency response with the technical capability to respond to any radiological/nuclear incident.

N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

Threat Spectrum

Incidents• Lost, stolen or misplaced radioactive

sources• Medical overexposure

Accidents• NPP accidents• Nuclear facility events• Transportation accidents

Malevolent Threats• Improvised Nuclear Device (IND)• Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD)• Radiological Exposure Device (RED)

N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

Office Activities

§ PortandCustomsR/Nsupportandtraining§ Overseasoperationalsupportformajorpublicevents

&emergencies§ Incidentresponseequipment&trainingoverseas§ Tabletop&fieldexercises§ Radiologicalmedicaltrainingforforeignfirst

responders

§ Internationalaerialmeasurementsurveyequipmentandtraining

§ Technicalreach-backforforeignpartners§ Multilateralnuclearincidentpreparednessand

responsepolicydevelopment§ WholeofGovernmentradiological/nuclear

counterterrorismpreparedness&responsetraining

Weexecutethismissionthrough:

N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

CoreCapabilities

AwarenessCT laws, policies,

frameworks; threat assessments; terrorism case

studies; red flags

Securitysecurity practices

and protocols; technical tools;

countermeasures

PreparednessExercises; response frameworks; crisis

management

Responseconsequence

management; post event coordination;

post-event communications and

resources

Severalcorecompetenciesarerequiredtoeffectivelyaddressnuclear/radiologicalthreats

NA-81activities,incollaborationwithpartners,

cancontributetostrengtheningthese

capabilities.

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N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

1. Developing and implementing policies, plans and procedures

2. Providing specialized trainingprograms

3. Conducting drills and exercises, including implementing exercise evaluation and appraisal programs

4. Providing equipment, infrastructure, and technical reachback

5. Providing operational support

Cooperation

NA-81 works with partner nations and international organizations to develop and enhance nuclear/radiological incident preparedness and response

capabilities by:

N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

Sandia National Laboratories

Los Alamos National Laboratory

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Pantex Plant

Kansas City Plant

Remote Sensing Laboratory

Nevada Test Site

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Savannah River SiteArgonne National Laboratory

Brookhaven National Laboratory

Idaho National Environmental Engineering Laboratory

Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education

DOE/NNSAVirtual

EmergencyResponse Complex

NNSA Centers of Excellence

N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

Technical Reachback

• Technical reachbackTRIAGE• Predictive modelingIXP• Radiological medical supportREAC/TS• Consequence management

supportCM Home Team

Augmenting partner capabilities with reachback from DOE/NNSA

Pager LRM Backpack HealthPhysicsDetectiveRIID SPARCS

N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

• In2002asystemwasdevelopedthatcouldrespondquickly,andwouldengageexpertswithexperienceinnucleardataanalysis

• Theprimarygoalisaccurateidentificationofthreats• Itisimportanttominimizetheimpactonlegitimatecommerceandmedicalpatients,andminimizethecostofaninnocentorfalsealarm

• Overthepast15yearsthenumberandtypesofradiationdetectorsinthehandsofpolice,borderguards,customsagentshaveincreasedgreatly

• TheTRIAGEassessmentprovides:• Radionuclideidentificationusingadvancedspectralanalysistools• Isotopicanalysisofspecialnuclearmaterialsidentified• Estimateoftheamountofradioactivity• Analysisofneutrondata• Shieldingmaterials• Potentialrisk• Recommendations

TRIAGEHistory and Description

N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

• Front-LineOfficersresolvehundredsofalarmseachdayusingtheirownjudgment.However,theymayreferanalarmforresolutionaccordingtoü Fixedrules(neutrons,plutoniumindicated)ü Experienceandpoliceintuition

• Manybordercrossingalarms(>10,000/year)arereferredtoCustomsanalystsandareresolvedwithoutTriageassistance.

• Forthealarmsthatstillcannotberesolved,orforalarmsfromotheragencies,theTriagesystemisactivated.

• RadiologicalTRIAGEhelpspreventanunnecessaryfull-scaleresponsewhenthereisnothreat,orcan“pullthefirealarm”ifthethreatappearstobeserious

TRIAGE History Continued

N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

Addresses gaps, to ensure that nuclear and radiological response capabilities and resources:

• Can be supplemented, as necessary, are timely, and are harmonized

• Address means and methods for worldwide international assistance

• Capabilities and resources in support of the IAEA Response and Assistance Network (RANET)

International Responsibilities:• Country providing the resources maintains overall control and direction of all

resources and direction of all resources and capabilities

• Countries are responsible for ensuring that responding personnel are qualified to perform functions and duties assigned

• Countries ensure that responders are equipped with all items necessary for efficient performance of emergency tasks

Technical Reachback

N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

Triage Structure

§ Radiological TRIAGE is 24/7 on-call support to first responder teams for analysis of nuclear data (especially gamma-ray spectra) and includes:

üAnalysts are from:§ Los Alamos National Laboratory§ Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory§ Sandia National Laboratories§ At least 2 of these 3 laboratories must be represented

üAcknowledgement of request within 10 minutes and an answer in 30-60 minutes

ü Ready access to a cadre of nuclear scientists

ü Independent laboratory assessment by two nuclear scientists using different advanced spectroscopy analysis tools

ü Scientific review of analysis via telephone conference call

üDOE/NNSA Emergency Response Officer maintains contact with the Front-Line Officer, and can coordinate additional resources as needed.

N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

International Operational Reachback Examples

• ProvidesupportandtrainingforsearchandrecoveryoperationsüDjibouti,Malaysia,Thailand,Bangladesh,Argentina,Mexico)

• Provideassistanceandsupportonradiological/nuclearpreparednessüMajorPublicEvents,FirstResponders,andRadDetectionOperations

• ProvideassistanceandsupportforalarmadjudicationüLawEnforcement,PortsandCustomsActivities

• ProvidemedicalassistanceandconsultationsüMexico,Japan,Georgia

• Provideassistanceandsupporttocivilianandmilitaryactivities

• Provideassistanceassupportfornuclearforensic

N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

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Hardware SupportedExample – Many more

N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1 501 1001 1501 2001Energy (keV)

Scal

ed C

ount

s

HPGe

NaI

HighResolutionvsLowResolutionGammaSpectroscopy“abilitytoresolveadjacentgammapeaks”

Comparisonofasodiumiodidespectrum(lowresolution)toahighpuritygermaniumspectrum(highresolution)

Low

HighHPGe

NaI

RadioisotopeIdentification

N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

15 models tested, 1827 results

Examplesinclude:False Positives - incorrectly reporting a threat where none really exists

False Negatives – incorrectly not reporting a threat when there is one

No answer or ambiguous answer, e.g., “not in library,” or “unidentified peak”

Operator inexperience such as low count rates or high dead times

Identification Problems

Manyofthecommonlyusedlowresolutionidentificationinstrumentsoftengiveincorrectorincompleteanalysis

N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

DOE/NNSA INTERNATIONAL TRIAGE CHECKLIST

The following checklist is provided to enable international access to the Department of Energy’s (DOE) radiological characterization and identification system for nuclear materials. The following procedure/checklist should be followed to allow access to the services provided by the DOE TRIAGE system. 1. Assistance can be requested by calling:

• The DOE/NNSA 24-hour Watch Office: o + 1 202 586 8100

• The U.S. Department of State (USDOS) 24-hour Operations Center: o + 1 202 647 1512

• The IAEA Incident and Emergency Center (IEC) 24-hour contact number: o + 43 1 26 32 000

2. The requestor must be from the State’s (country) IAEA identified Competent Authority or

approved point of contact and must provide the following information: • Name and call back phone number of the State’s designated Competent Authority

(Organization); and • Caller’s Name and call back phone number.

3. Request TRIAGE support.

4. DOE/NNSA will:

• Request a brief description of the incident/event; and • Confirm how TRIAGE spectra and associated information will be submitted to DOE.

o TRIAGE World Wide Web Site or Email

5. Other information TRIAGE will need, if known: • Contact person name and phone number, if different from the requestor; • Type of Event – Actual/Drill/Test; • Type/Model of detector used to collect spectra; • Isotopes identified by the detector instrument; • Distance between detector and object/package being surveyed; • Collection time/duration (300 seconds desired); • Description of object/package; • Type/Model of Neutron instrument; • Neutron Count Rate (per second); • Intervening materials between detector and package being surveyed; • Brief description of event or occurrence; • Photo of the detector and the object/package being surveyed; and • If multiple spectra files are being sent, specify which one is of interest, i.e.:

o data from unknown object/package. o data from known radiation source (example: Cesium -137). o data from clean background.

Data analysis and material identification information will be provided to the requestor upon completion of the TRIAGE process.

DOE/NNSAInternational

TRIAGEChecklistInternetVersionSoon!ü RequestSupportü EventType(Ex,Actual)ü ContactInformationü Scenario/Descriptionü Equipment/Calibrationü DetectorOperations(300s)ü TechnicalInput/Concernsü SubmissionProcessü Pictures/Descriptionü ContacInformation

N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

• Nuclearpowerplantaccidents• Explosivedispersalof

radiologicalmaterial• Industrialaccidents• Transportationaccidents• RDD/IND

Where is it going?What are the effects?

Who is at risk?How do we respond?

• IXPisaWeb-basedsystemthatallowsusersaroundtheworldto:• Accessdispersalandplumemodelpredictionswithin15minutes

• Accessadvancedradiologicaldispersionmodelsandworldwideatmosphericweatherdatabases

• AccesstoIAEAprotectionactionguidesoruserinputguides

• IXPcanpredicttheeffectsofawiderangeofradiologicalatmosphericreleasehazards

International eXchangeProgram (IXP)

A Powerful Tool to Protect Human Life

N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

Predictions in Minutes

National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC)

§ The IXP program provides ready access to advanced dispersal and plume modeling for pre-event consequence management planning (worst case scenario), training exercises and real world radiological dispersal incidentsIXP user’s web browser

§ World-wide 24/7 access to NARAC

Continuous data updates

Request

Prediction

Advanced scientific support and interpretation upon request. No special software is required – just a web browser

The IXP web site is secure https://ixp.llnl.gov/

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N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

TheIXPprogramprovidesreadyaccesstoadvanceddispersalandplumemodelingforpre-eventconsequencemanagementplanning(worstcasescenario),trainingexercisesandrealworldradiologicaldispersalincidents.

ToActivate:• CoordinateaccessthroughtheIAEA• SteveBuntmanat:Steven.Buntman@nnsa.doe.gov• AnnHeinrichat:Ann.Heinrich@nnsa.doe.gov

Then• SubmitrequestforIXPto:• https://ixp.llnl.gov

IXP Access

N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

AssistancetoFederal,State,LocalGovernmentsaswellasIAEA,ForeignGovernmentsandPrivatePhysicians,suchas:• Adviceandconsultation

• TrainingProgramsforHealthProfessionals

• Cytogenetics biodosimetry laboratory

• RadiationAccidentRegistrySystem

• Diagnoses

• Assessmentandtreatmentofcontamination

• Radiationdoseestimates

• Diagnosesandprovidesprognosisofradiationinducedinjuries

• Conductsmedicalandradiologicaltriage

• Performsdecontaminationproceduresandtherapiesforexternalandinternalcontamination

• Calculatesinternaldosesfrommedicalprocedures

• Healthphysicslaboratory

• Wholebodycountinglaboratory

• Laboratoryservices

Radiation EmergencyAssistance Center/Training Site

Provides 24-hour consultation on radiation-affected health problems

+1-202-586-8100

N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

REAC/TS Training

More information

www.orau.org/radiation-emergency-medicine

http://www.orau.org/radiation-emergency-medicine

www.orise.orau.gov/reacts

A wide range of medical training classes for

doctors, health physicists and nurses

taught in U.S. or International

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N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

Consequence ManagementHome Team Support

• On-callReach-backcapabilityforFederal/State/LocalrespondersforEmergencyRadiationProtection/HealthPhysicsAdviceWithinOneHourofNotification:

üFocusedontheevaluationofradiologicalconsequencesofanaccidentordeliberateactsthatleadtothereleaseofradioactivematerialtotheenvironment,thepossiblehealtheffectsfromincidents,andactionsforreducingfuturehealtheffectsordoseavoidance

üEnvironmentalmonitoringandassessment,characterization,plumemodeling,medicalmanagementofradiationemergency

üExtensivefieldmonitoring,detailedsampling,dataassessment&analysis

üValidateprotectiveactiondecisions

üDefinewherelongtermpopulationrelocationmaybewarranted

üIngestionpathwayanalysis

• Deliverstimely,accurateproductsforinformedresponsedecisionmaking• Activation:Immediate(duringdutyhours)2hours(offduty)

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N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

CMHT Functions

ExamplesoftheCMHTAssessmentperformedduringthecourseoftheresponse:

• AnsweredtechnicalquestionsovertheVTCandteleconference• Providedinputintoscientificdiscussions• Performedcalculationsfordoseassessment,dosereconstruction,protectiveactionguidelines,aswellascreationofcustomproducts

• WorkedcloselywithGIStocreatemapproductsthatconveyeddata• Composedwhitepapers,technicaldocuments,andpower-pointpresentationstoexplaindataanalysisperformed

• Performedliteraturesearchestofindrelevanttechnicaldocumentsandreferencestosupportefforts

N A T I O N A L N U C L E A R S E C U R I T Y A D M I N I S T R A T I O NO F F I C E O F C O U N T E R T E R R O R I S M A N D C O U N T E R P R O L I F E R A T I O N

Assistancecanberequestedbycalling:

ü The DOE/NNSA 24-hour Watch Office: + 1 202 586 8100

ü The U.S. Department of State (USDOS) 24-hour Operations Center: + 1 202 647 1512

ü The IAEA Incident and Emergency Center (IEC) 24-hour service: + 43 1 26 32 000.

TherequestmustbefromtheState’s(country)IAEAidentifiedCompetentAuthorityandmustprovidethefollowinginformation:

ü Upon verification by the DOE/NNSA Watch Officer or IEC that the request is from a State’s Competent Authority the request for assistance will be processed, within the DOE/NNSA system.

ü Assistance response times vary depending on the type of assistance being requested. However, initiation of the assistance request will commence within minutes of the verification of the Competent Authority

ForadditionalinformationpleasecontacttheDOE/NNSANuclearIncidentPolicyandCooperation

ü DOE/NNSA Emergency Operation Center at + 1 202 586 8100

Methods for Requesting Assistance