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37
Achtung! Dies ist eine Internet-Sonderausgabe des Buchs
„The Dhivehi Language. A Descriptive and Historical Grammar of Maldivian and Its Dialects. Vol. II: Materials“
von Sonja Fritz (2002). Sie sollte nicht zitiert werden. Zitate sind der Originalausgabe zu entnehmen, die als
Beiträge zur Südasienforschung, 191 erschienen ist
(Würzburg: Ergon Verlag 2002 / Heidelberg: Südasien-Institut).
Attention!
This is a special internet edition of the book “ The Dhivehi Language. A Descriptive and Historical Grammar of Maldivian and Its Dialects.
Vol. II: Materials” by Sonja Fritz (2002).
It should not be quoted as such. For quotations, please refer to the original edition which appeared as Beiträge zur Südasienforschung, 191
(Würzburg: Ergon Verlag 2002 / Heidelberg: Südasien-Institut).
Alle Rechte vorbehalten / All rights reserved: Sonja Fritz, Frankfurt 2012
The Dhivehi Language
A Descriptive and Historical Grammar
of Maldivian and Its Dialects
II. Material
by
Sonja Fritz
Heidelberg
2001
Table of contents
Abbreviations and symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIList of figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI
Texts with interlinear analysis:T1: Findana bon ˙dana (A ˙d ˙du, Fua
c
Mulaku, Male) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1T2: Makana (A ˙d ˙du, Fua
c
Mulaku, Huvadu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43T3: Mo ˙logan ˙da (A ˙d ˙du) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79T4: Be ˙lal (Fua
c
Mulaku) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97T5: Rakko ˙lu Mameli Daita (Fua
c
Mulaku) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107T6: A ˙like ˙dea derike ˙dea (Fua
c
Mulaku) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113T7: Kaisaki naisa
c
(Fua
c
Mulaku) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Texts without interlinear analysis:Short stories (Male):
T8: Mu ˙hammad Wa ˙hıd (Ma ˙dulu): Fini mendamegge ma ˙du hunu . . . . . . . . . . . . 135T9: ˙Habıba ˙Hussain ˙Habıb: Nimun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151T10: cAbdullah ˙Sadiq: Mudarris vantakamuge lobi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Fairy tales and fables:T11: Anga gada miturai, anga ma ˙du mituru (1) (Male / A ˙d ˙du) . . . . . . . . . . . . 171T12: Anga gada miturai, anga ma ˙du mituru (2) (Male) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175T13: Fu ˙lu digu han ˙dige vahaka (Male / Fua
c
Mulaku) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181T14: Makana findana (Male) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189T15: Fileima ˙di (A ˙d ˙du) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197T16: Nadalla Takuru (A ˙d ˙du) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201T17: Juha (A ˙d ˙du) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207T18: Buddiveri musa ˙lo (Fua
c
Mulaku) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Survey of the historical documents having been analysed:Copper-plate documents in Evela- and Dives-akuru (Lomafanu, L1-8) . . . . . . . . . . 215Documents in Dives-akuru on paper and wood (Fatko ˙lu, F1-13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217The chronicle (Radava ˙li, RA-RC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218Inscriptions in Dives-akuru:
Inscriptions from A ˙d ˙du (IDAH, IDAM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219Inscriptions from Male (IDMBM, IDMDM, IDMEM, IDMHM, IDMMM) . . . . . 219
Inscriptions in Tana:Inscriptions from A ˙d ˙du (ITAG, ITAH, ITAM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221Inscriptions from Fua
c
Mulaku (ITFM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222Inscriptions from Male (ITMHM, ITMKM, ITMP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Survey map of the Maldivian atolls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Additional indexes (to vol. I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225Text passages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225Word forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Abbreviations and symbols*
A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A ˙d ˙du (version)ABL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ablativeABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . absolutiveADJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . adjektiveADV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . adverbAFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . affirmativeATTR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . attribute (form)CARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cardinalCAUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . causalCOMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . comparationalCONC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . concessiveCOND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . conditionalCONJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . conjunctionCOOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . co-ordinatingDAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dativeDEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . definiteDIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dimiminutive (suffix)DISTR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . distributionalDPRON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . demonstrative pronounEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . external quotationF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fua
c
Mulaku (version)FOC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . focus (marker)FUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . futureGEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . genitiveGRND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gerundH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Huvadu (version)HON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . honorific (suffix)IMPV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . imperativeINDEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . indefiniteINF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . infinitiveINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . internal quotationINTJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . interjectionIPARTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . interrogative particleIPRON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . interrogative pronounLOC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . locativeM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Male (version)MOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . modal
NEG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . negatedNOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nominativeNOUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nounOBL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . oblique caseORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ordinalPART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . participlePARTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . particlePASS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . passivePL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pluralPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . personal namePOSTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . postpositionPOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . potentialPPRON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . personal pronounPRED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . predicativePRON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pronounPRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . present tensePT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . preteriteQPARTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . quotation particleRABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . reduplicated absolutiveRGRND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . reduplicated gerundSG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . singularSOC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sociativeTEMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . temporalTOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . toponymVB.NOUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . verbal nounVERB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . verb(al form)VOC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vocative
⟨xxx⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . Standard language (transcribed)/xxx\ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . id., phonologicallyxxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A ˙d ˙du-Dialectxxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . id., phonologicallyxxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dialect of Fua
c
Mulakuxxx * . . . . . . . . . Quotation in standard languagexxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . id., phonologically
>xxx< . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Huvadu dialect*xxx* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rearranged text passages
List of figures
Fig. 1: Findana bon ˙dana (Ibrahım Mansur) . . 130Fig. 2: Anga gada mitura, anga ma ˙du mitura
(1 and 2) (cAbdullah ˙Sadiq) . . . . . . . . 174Fig. 3: . . . . . . . . .Fu ˙lu digu han ˙di (cAbdullah ˙Sadiq) . . . 188Fig. 4: Makana findana (cAbdullah ˙Sadiq) . . . 196Fig. 5: Fatko ˙lu F6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Fig. 6: Fatko ˙lu F9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210Fig. 7: Lomafanu L1, pl. d1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214Fig. 8: Lomafanu L2, pl. 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214Fig. 9: Lomafanu L3, pl. 3/1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 214Fig. 10: Lomafanu L4, pl. g/1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 214Fig. 11: Maldivian Atolls . . . . . . . . . . . 225
* The present list contains the abbreviations and symbols used in the interlinear analysis of texts. For otherabbreviations cf. vol I, p. XII.
Textswith interlinear analysis
T1: Findana bon ˙dana
The findana bird and the bon ˙dana bird
A ˙d ˙du: cAlı Ma ˙nikufanu; Fua
c
Mulaku: N.N.; Male: Ibrahım Mansur*
* For a reproduction of the Male version as printed in a newspaper, cf. fig. 1, p. 130.
2 Texts with interlinear analysis
1 M⟨c eb
a
c u
˙ le
c eba
c u
˙ lefi
danf
u
˙ laka
bo
˙ danf
u
˙ le
c .⟩u
˙ leeb
au
˙ lefi
ndan
fu
˙ lak
abo
n
˙ danf
u
˙ lek
ther
eliv
esth
ere
lives
af.
-bir
dan
da
b.-b
ird
AD
VV
ER
BA
DV
VE
RB
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
LO
C.
LO
C.
PRS.
3SG
.O
BL
.SG
.SO
C.
NO
M.S
G.
Som
ewhe
re,
ther
eliv
e(d)
afi
ndan
u(-b
ird)
and
abo
n
˙ danu
(-bi
rd).
Aed
duva
hied
duva
hifi
ndan
aibo
n
˙ dana
ide
veri
nm
ašva
rako
ffei
gee
˙ da
c
nim
mal
ie.
ekdu
vahi
ekdu
vahi
find
ana
aibo
n
˙ dana
aide
veri
nm
ašva
rako
ffei
gee
˙ das
nim
mal
ieon
eat
day
one
atda
yth
ef.
-bir
dw
ithth
eb.
-bir
dw
ithtw
ope
ople
cons
ulta
tion
mak
ing
hous
eto
build
they
fini
shed
CA
RD
NO
UN
CA
RD
NO
UN
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
CO
NJ
CA
RD
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
AT
TR
.L
OC
.A
TT
R.
LO
C.
NO
M.(
DE
F.)
SOC
.N
OM
.(D
EF.
)SO
C.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PL
.N
OM
.A
BS.
IN
OM
.IN
F.PT
.II.
3PL
.
Onc
eup
ona
time,
both
the
f.-b
ird
and
the
b.-b
ird,
havi
ngco
nsul
ted
each
othe
r,fi
nish
edbu
ildin
gth
eir
hous
es.
Fed
duva
heki
eddu
vahe
kifi
ndan
u-a
bon
˙ danu
-ade
veri
neb
age-
aida
n
˙ dika
n
˙ dann
aha.
ekdu
vahe
kiek
duva
heki
find
anu
abo
n
˙ danu
ade
veri
neb
age
aida
n
˙ dika
n
˙ dann
aha
one
day
one
day
f.-b
ird
with
b.-b
ird
and
two
peop
leth
eyw
ent
off
they
say
woo
dstic
kto
cut
CA
RD
NO
UN
CA
RD
NO
UN
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
CO
NJ
CA
RD
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NV
ER
B
AT
TR
.L
OC
.IN
DE
F.A
TT
R.
LO
C.I
ND
EF.
NO
M.
SOC
.N
OM
.SO
C.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.PL
.PT
.3PL
.IN
T.
NO
M.
INF.
One
day,
one
day,
the
f.-b
ird
and
the
b.-b
ird,
two
peop
le,
wen
taw
ayin
orde
rto
cut
woo
d.
2 M⟨c u
˙ lem
ungo
sfi
danf
u˙ lu
c a˙ la
c ifiy
efı
c ilosi
nge
c ec ,
bo˙ da
nfu
˙ luc a
˙ lac if
iye
hac i
vaka
run
gec e
c .⟩u
˙ lem
ungo
sfi
ndan
fu
˙ lua
˙ laif
ıe
fıilo
sin
geek
bon
˙ danf
u
˙ lua
˙ laif
ıe
hai
vaka
run
geek
livin
ggo
ing
f.-b
ird
wha
tbu
iltw
asth
eysa
yro
tten
from
brus
hwoo
da
hous
eb.
-bir
dw
hat
built
was
they
say
all
from
woo
da
hous
eV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
GR
ND
.A
BS.
NO
M.S
G.
PAR
T.P
T.I
+FO
C.
EX
T.
PAR
T.P
T.
AB
L.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
NO
M.S
G.
PAR
T.P
T.I
+FO
C.
EX
T.
AT
TR
.A
BL
.SG
.N
OM
.SG
.IN
DE
F.
As
time
wen
tby
,th
ef.
-bir
dbu
ilta
hous
efr
omro
tten
brus
hwoo
d,th
eb.
-bir
dbu
ilta
hous
eal
lfr
omtim
ber.
Age
e
˙ da
c
vaka
raka
n
˙ da
c
goss
ei,
bon
˙ dana
ken
˙ dıha
iva
kara
,fi
ndan
ake
n
˙ dıfı
liesi
.ge
e
˙ das
vaka
raka
n
˙ das
gosf
eibo
n
˙ dana
ken
˙ dıha
iva
kara
find
ana
ken
˙ dıfı
liesi
hous
eto
build
woo
dto
cut
havi
nggo
neth
eb.
-bir
dw
hat
itcu
tw
aste
akw
ood
the
f.-b
ird
wha
tit
cut
was
rotte
nbr
ushw
ood
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
M.
INF.
NO
M.
INF.
AB
S.I
OB
L.D
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.O
BL
.N
OM
.O
BL
.DE
F.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
Hav
ing
gone
tocu
tw
ood
for
build
ing
the
hous
e,th
eb.
-bir
dcu
tte
akw
ood
(whi
le)
the
f.-b
ird
cut
rotte
nbr
ushw
ood.
Fgo
hofe
,fi
ndan
uke
n
˙ dıfı
liesi
-ai,
bon
˙ danu
ken
˙ dıha
iva
kar-
ai.
goho
fefi
ndan
uke
n
˙ dıfı
liesi
aibo
n
˙ danu
ken
˙ dıha
iva
karo
aiha
ving
gone
f.-b
ird
wha
the
cut
was
rotte
nbr
ushw
ood
they
say
b.-b
ird
wha
the
cut
was
all
timbe
rth
eysa
yV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
VE
RB
PRO
NN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.I
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.E
XT
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.E
XT
.
Hav
ing
gone
,th
ef.
-bir
dcu
tro
tten
brus
hwoo
d(w
hile
)th
eb.
-bir
dcu
tal
ltim
ber.
3T1 Findana bon ˙dana
3 Aka
n
˙ dage
nas
deve
rie
dege
e
˙ dafi
e.ka
n
˙ dage
nas
deve
rie
dege
e
˙ dafi
ecu
tting
com
ing
two
peop
letw
oho
use
they
built
VE
RB
VE
RB
CA
RD
NO
UN
CA
RD
NO
UN
VE
RB
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.PL
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.
PT.I
.3PL
.
Hav
ing
com
eba
ckfr
omcu
tting
(woo
d),
they
built
thei
rtw
oho
uses
.F
find
anu
gee
˙ dıra
˙ loja
hafa
si-a
i.fi
ndan
uge
e
˙ dıra
˙ loja
hafa
siai
f.-b
ird
hous
ew
here
hebu
iltw
asw
ave
hitti
ngbe
ginn
ing
(pla
ce)
they
say
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
CO
BL
.N
OM
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
EX
T.
The
f.-b
ird
built
his
hous
eat
the
plac
eju
stw
here
the
wav
esre
ach.
3a Fbo
nda
˙ nuge
e
˙ dıeg
gam
i-ai
.bo
nda
˙ nuge
e
˙ dıeg
gam
iai
b.-b
ird
hous
ew
here
hebu
iltw
asw
ithin
the
popu
late
dar
eath
eysa
yN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.L
OC
.E
XT
.
The
b.-b
ird
built
his
hous
ein
side
the
land
.
4 M⟨c a
˙ la
c igen
c u
˙ leni
kos
c e
c
re
c aku
c a
c ivi
laga
˙ de
c ga
c ifi
danf
u
˙ luge
ve
c˙ ti
c je
c eve.
⟩a
˙ laig
enu
˙ leni
kos
ekre
aku
aivi
laga
˙ degg
aifi
ndan
fu
˙ luge
ve
˙ t˙ tijje
eve
Hav
ing
built
livin
gm
akin
gon
ein
nigh
tha
ving
com
ein
ara
incl
oud
f.-b
ird
hous
eco
llaps
edth
eysa
yV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BC
AR
DN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PR
S.A
BS.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.SG
.PA
RT
.PT
.L
OC
.SG
.IN
DE
F.O
BL
.SG
.N
OM
.SG
.PT
.IV
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Aft
erha
ving
built
(the
hous
es)
and
havi
ngliv
edon
(lik
eth
is),
ina
rain
show
erw
hich
had
com
eon
eni
ght,
the
f.-b
ird’
sho
use
colla
psed
.A
edre
aki,
gada
viss
ara
asei
,fi
ndan
afı
liesi
ne
˙ dige
uduh
ige.
ekre
aki
gada
viss
ara
asei
find
ana
fılii
esin
e
˙ dige
uduh
ige
one
ata
nigh
tst
rong
rain
com
ing
the
f.-b
ird
rotte
nfr
ombr
ushw
ood
built
hous
eit
flew
upC
AR
DN
OU
NA
DJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
AT
TR
.L
OC
.IN
DE
F.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
AB
S.I
OB
L.D
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
AB
L.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
PT.I
V.3
SG.
One
nigh
t,w
hen
ahe
avy
rain
cam
e,th
eho
use
the
f.-b
ird
had
built
with
rotte
nbr
ushw
ood
flew
away
.F
find
anu
gee
˙ dage
n,ni
dann
aov
vela
i,ra
˙ loja
ham
iubo
laha
geve
˙ t
˙ tıge
-ai.
find
anu
gee
˙ dage
nni
dann
aot
vela
ira
˙ loja
ham
iubo
laha
geve
˙ t˙ tıge
aif.
-bir
dho
use
havi
ngbu
iltto
slee
pbe
ing
attim
ew
ave
hitti
ngth
ison
e’s
tohe
adho
use
fell
they
say
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CO
BL
.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
INF.
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
NO
M.
AB
S.O
BL
.D
AT
.N
OM
.PT
.IV
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Whe
nth
ef.
-bir
dw
asab
out
tosl
eep
afte
rha
ving
built
his
hous
e,a
wav
est
ruck
and
soth
eho
use
fell
onhi
she
ad.
4 Texts with interlinear analysis
5 M⟨f
idan
fu
˙ ludu
vam
undu
vam
ungo
sgo
vali
c eve.
⟩fi
ndan
fu
˙ ludu
vam
undu
vam
ungo
sgo
vali
eve.
f.-b
ird
goin
ggo
ing
goin
gcr
ied
they
say
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
NO
M.S
G.
GR
ND
.G
RN
D.
AB
S.PT
.II.
3SG
.E
XT
.
Run
ning
arou
ndan
dar
ound
,th
ef.
-bir
dcr
ied:
Afi
ndan
abo
hial
a
c
neti
gen,
ere
ibo
n
˙ dana
geeb
ege.
find
ana
bohi
alak
netig
ene
rei
bon
˙ dana
geeb
ege
the
f.-b
ird
head
shel
ter
not
exis
ting
that
nigh
tth
eb.
-bir
dho
use
hew
ent
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
M.D
EF.
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.II
IA
TT
R.
OB
L.
OB
L.D
EF.
OB
L.
PT.I
V.3
SG.
The
f.-b
ird,
havi
ngno
shel
ter
for
(his
)he
ad(a
nym
ore)
,w
ent
toth
eb.
-bir
d’s
hous
eth
atni
ght.
Fve
˙ t
˙ tunu
mm
afi
ndan
ueb
age-
ai.
ve
˙ t˙ tunu
nm
afi
ndan
ueb
age
aifa
lling
whe
nf.
-bir
dhe
wen
tof
fth
eysa
yV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
NO
M.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
Whe
n(t
heho
use)
had
falle
n,th
ef.
-bir
dw
ent
away
.
6 M⟨c e!
bebe
!be
be!!
tim
ange
gega
˙ duve
c˙ ti
c je
c eve.
⟩e!
bebe
!be
be!!
timan
gege
ga
˙ duve
˙ t˙ tijje
eve
oh!
(eld
er)
brot
her!
(eld
er)
brot
her!
own’
sho
use
colla
psed
sayi
ngIN
TJ
NO
UN
NO
UN
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
=N
OM
.SG
.N
OM
.SG
.G
EN
.SG
.N
OM
.SG
.PT
.IV
.3SG
.E
XT
.
‘Oh,
(eld
er)
brot
her,
(eld
er)
brot
her,
my
hous
eha
sco
llaps
ed!’
Aha
udah
aide
rai_
e,ra
hum
atte
ria,
rei
ma
e
˙ dige
uduh
ige.
haud
ahai
dera
ie
rahu
mat
teri
aire
im
ae
˙ dige
uduh
ige
tota
llypi
tiful
sayi
ngfr
iend
sayi
ng(t
o)ni
ght
Ibu
iltho
use
flew
upA
DV
AD
JQ
PAR
TC
(M!)
NO
UN
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NPP
RO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
B
MO
D.
PRE
D.
INT
.N
OM
.VO
C.
INT
.O
BL
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.PT
.IV
.3SG
.
‘How
very
pitif
ul,
(my)
frie
nd,
(to)
nigh
tth
eho
use
Ibu
iltha
sfl
own
away
.F
goho
be
˙ ni-a
i,bo
ndam
bebe
,ni
dann
aov
vela
i,bo
laha
geve
˙ t
˙ tıge
-ai.
goho
be
˙ niai
bond
anbe
beni
dann
aot
vela
ibo
laha
geve
˙ t˙ tıge
aigo
ing
hesa
idth
eysa
yb.
-bir
dbr
othe
rto
slee
pbe
ing
attim
eto
head
hous
efe
llsa
ying
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.N
OM
.N
OM
.IN
F.PA
RT
.PR
S.L
OC
.D
AT
.N
OM
.PT
.IV
.3SG
.
Goi
nghe
said
,‘b
.-bi
rd,
(eld
er)
brot
her,
just
whe
nI
was
abou
tto
slee
p,(m
y)ho
use
fell
upon
(my)
head
.
5T1 Findana bon ˙dana
7 M⟨n
idal
ane
tank
o
˙ le
c
dıba
las_
eve.
⟩ni
dala
neta
nko
˙ lek
dıba
las
eve
Goi
ngto
slee
pa
plac
egi
ving
tolo
oksa
ying
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
PAR
T.F
UT
.II
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.IN
F.E
XT
.
‘Ple
ase
give
me
apl
ace
for
slee
ping
.’A
ma
c
nida
˙ neta
nlib
iesı
?m
asni
da
˙ neta
nlib
iesı
?to
me
goin
gto
slee
ppl
ace
will
bere
ceiv
able
PPR
ON
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
DA
T.
PAR
T.F
UT
.N
OM
.FU
T.3
SG.
Can
Ire
ceiv
ea
plac
efo
rsl
eepi
ng?’
Fti
ma
nida
nna
tan
ke
˙ da
c
denn
ake
.tim
ani
dann
ata
nke
˙ dak
denn
ake
self
tosl
eep
plac
epi
ece
togi
vesa
ying
PRO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
B
OB
L.
INF.
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INF.
AB
S.
You
(sho
uld)
give
me
a(p
iece
of)
plac
efo
rsl
eepi
ng.’
8 M(1
)⟨b
o˙ da
nfu
˙ lubu
nefi
c eve.
bo˙ du
c asıg
ac on
nas_
eve.
⟩bo
n
˙ danf
u
˙ lubu
nefi
eve
bo
˙ duas
ıga
onna
sev
eb.
-bir
dsa
idth
eysa
ybi
gon
tabl
eto
liedo
wn
sayi
ngN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AD
JN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
M.S
G.
PT.I
.3SG
.E
XT
.A
TT
R.
LO
C.S
G.
INF.
The
b.-b
ird
told
him
tosl
eep
onth
ebi
gta
ble.
A(2
)bo
n
˙ dana
be
˙ nafi
,bo
n
˙ daas
eve
sion
na
c
kei.
bon
˙ dana
be
˙ nafi
bon
˙ daas
eve
sion
nas
kei
the
b.-b
ird
hesa
idbi
gon
tabl
eto
liete
lling
NO
UN
VE
RB
AD
JN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
B
OB
L.D
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.I
AT
TR
.L
OC
.IN
F.A
BS.
The
b.-b
ird
said
,‘s
leep
onth
ebi
gta
ble.
’F
(1)
be
˙ nabe
˙ ni-a
i,bo
n
˙ doas
im
atte
vesi
onna
hake
.be
˙ nabe
˙ niai
bon
˙ doas
im
atte
vesi
onna
hake
.sa
ying
hesa
idth
eysa
ybi
gta
ble
upon
tolie
sayi
ngV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AD
JN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
B
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
LO
C.
INF.
AB
S.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o,th
eb.
-bir
d)to
ldhi
mto
liedo
wn
onth
ebi
gta
ble.
6 Texts with interlinear analysis
8a F(1
)be
˙ nabo
ndo
asie
vesi
ot-a
i.be
˙ nabo
ndo
asie
vesi
otai
sayi
ngbi
gon
tabl
ela
yth
eysa
yV
ER
BA
DJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.A
TT
R.
LO
C.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o,th
ef.
-bir
d)la
ydo
wn
onth
eta
ble.
9 M(1
)⟨f
idan
fu
˙ lubu
nefi
c eve.
bo
˙ duka
mun
nuke
rene
i_e.
⟩fi
ndan
fu
˙ lubu
nefi
eve
bo
˙ duka
mun
nuke
rene
ie
f.-b
ird
said
they
say
from
size
not
will
dare
sayi
ngN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
PAR
TC
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
NO
M.S
G.
PT.I
.3SG
.E
XT
.A
BL
.SG
.N
EG
.FU
T.3
SG.
INT
.
The
f.-b
ird
said
,‘I
dare
not
(sle
epth
ere)
beca
use
ofth
esi
ze(o
fth
eta
ble)
.’A
(2)
eta
niof
ei,
find
ana
be
˙ ni,
mad
iri
kai
kai
niov
esi-
au.
eta
niof
eifi
ndan
abe
˙ nim
adir
ika
ika
ini
oves
iau
that
inpl
ace
havi
ngla
idth
ef.
-bir
dw
hat
itsa
idw
asm
osqu
itos
eatin
gea
ting
not
will
bely
able
sayi
ngD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BPA
RT
CV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AT
TR
.L
OC
.A
BS.
IO
BL
.DE
F.PA
RT
.PT
.(+
FOC
.)N
OM
.R
AB
S.R
AB
S.N
EG
.FU
T.3
SG.
INT
.
Hav
ing
laid
dow
nth
ere,
the
f.-b
ird
said
,‘I
cann
otlie
(her
e)be
ing
eate
nby
mos
quito
sag
ain
and
agai
n.’
F(1
)ve
sife
ovef
e,be
˙ ni-a
i,m
adir
im
aka
nta
m,
fa
˙ nika
n*t
an*,
mi
tana
kunu
oven
e.ve
sife
ovef
ebe
˙ niai
mad
iri
ma
kan
tan
fa
˙ nika
nta
nm
ita
naku
nuov
ene
lyin
gha
ving
been
hesa
idth
eysa
ym
osqu
itom
eea
ting
plac
ew
orm
eatin
g(p
lace
)th
isa
plac
eno
tis
poss
ible
tolie
dow
nV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
PPR
ON
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
PAR
TC
VE
RB
AB
S.I
AB
S.I
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
OB
L.
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
RS.
OB
L.
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
RS.
OB
L.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.IN
DE
F.N
EG
.PA
RT
.PT
.PO
T.
Hav
ing
laid
dow
n,he
said
,‘(
this
is)
apl
ace,
whe
reI
amea
ten
bym
osqu
itos,
(apl
ace)
,w
here
Iam
eate
nby
wor
ms,
onsu
cha
plac
e(I
)ca
nnot
lie.
9a F(1
)m
atig
ea
c
*ara
nna
tai*
.m
atig
eas
aran
nata
ito
upho
use
tocl
imb
upw
heth
erN
OU
NV
ER
BIP
AR
TC
DA
T.
INF.
INT
.
(Sho
uld
I)go
toth
eup
hous
e?’
7T1 Findana bon ˙dana
10 M(2
)⟨b
o
˙ danf
u
˙ lubu
nefi
_e.
tia
hen
vi
c yadi
ma
c edug
a
c i
c onna
s_ev
e.⟩
bon
˙ danf
u
˙ lubu
nefı
etia
hen
via
dim
aen
duga
ion
nas
eve
b.-b
ird
wha
tsa
idw
asth
eysa
yth
isw
ayit
beif
dire
ctio
non
bed
tolie
dow
nsa
ying
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BC
ON
JN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.S
G.
PAR
T.P
T.I
V+
FOC
.E
XT
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.S
G.
PAR
T.P
T.
CO
ND
.O
BL
.SG
.L
OC
.SG
.IN
F.IN
T.
The
b.-b
ird
said
,‘i
fit
islik
eth
is,
slee
pon
the
gues
ts’
bed
(lit.
"dir
ectio
nbe
d",
i.e.
"bed
stan
ding
inyo
nder
dire
ctio
n")’
.A
(1)
me
hen
be
˙ nim
ei,
bon
˙ dana
be
˙ nım
ige
dim
ahi
sien
dee
hisi
-au.
me
hen
be
˙ nim
eibo
n
˙ dana
be
˙ nım
ige
dim
ahi
sien
dee
hisi
auth
isso
rtsa
idw
hen
the
b.-b
ird
wha
tit
said
was
this
hous
edi
rect
ion
bein
gbe
dth
ere
issa
ying
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
AD
VV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.L
OC
.O
BL
.DE
F.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.L
OC
.PT
.3SG
.IN
T.
As
hesa
idso
,th
eb.
-bir
dan
swer
ed,
‘the
gues
ts’
bed
(lit.
"bed
stan
ding
inth
edi
rect
ion"
)of
this
hous
eis
over
ther
e.’
11 M(2
)⟨f
idan
fu
˙ lubu
nefi
c eve.
dim
akam
unnu
kere
ne
c eve.
⟩fi
ndan
fu
˙ lubu
nefi
eve
dim
akam
unnu
kere
neev
ef.
-bir
dsa
idth
eysa
yfr
omdi
rect
edne
ssno
tw
illda
resa
ying
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NPA
RT
CV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
M.S
G.
PT.I
.3SG
.E
XT
.A
BL
.SG
.N
EG
.FU
T.3
SG.
INT
.
The
f.-b
ird
said
,‘b
ecau
seof
itsbe
ing
the
gues
ts’
bed
(lit.
"of
the
dire
ctio
nit
stan
dsin
")I
dare
not
(sle
epin
it).’
A(1
)fi
ndan
ago
sen
dau
arai
vesi
ove
vela
ke
˙ daku
nbe
˙ nafi
,m
aku
˙ nuda
ida
ini
oves
i-au
.fi
ndan
ago
sen
das
arai
vesi
ove
vela
ke˙ da
kun
be˙ na
fim
aku
˙ nuda
ida
ini
oves
iau
the
f.-b
ird
goin
gto
bed
clim
bing
lyin
gw
hile
with
api
ece
wha
the
said
was
bugs
bitin
gbi
ting
not
will
bely
able
sayi
ngN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BPA
RT
CV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.D
EF.
AB
S.D
AT
.A
BS.
AB
S.O
BL
.A
BL
.IN
DE
F.PA
RT
.PT
.I(+
FOC
.)O
BL
.R
AB
S.R
AB
S.N
EG
.FU
T.3
SG.
INT
.
Aft
erth
ef.
-bir
dha
dgo
neth
ere
and
clim
bed
into
the
bed
and
lain
dow
n,he
said
afte
ra
whi
le,
‘Ica
nnot
not
lie(h
ere)
bein
gbi
tten
and
bitte
nby
bugs
.’
12 M(3
)⟨b
o
˙ danf
u
˙ lubu
nefi
c eve.
ku
˙ da
c asıg
a
c i
c onna
s_ev
e.⟩
bon
˙ danf
u
˙ lubu
nefi
eve
ku
˙ daas
ıgai
c onna
sev
eb.
-bir
dsa
idth
eysa
ysm
all
onta
ble
tolie
dow
nsa
ying
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CA
DJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OM
.SG
.PT
.I.3
SG.
EX
T.
AT
TR
.L
OC
.SG
.IN
F.IN
T.
The
b.-b
ird
told
him
tosl
eep
onth
esm
all
tabl
e.A
(3)
me
hen
be
˙ nim
ei,
bon
˙ dana
be
˙ nafi
,e
˙ lage
n
˙ deve
sion
na
c
kei.
me
hen
be
˙ nim
eibo
n
˙ dana
be
˙ nafi
e
˙ lage
n
˙ deve
sion
nas
kei
this
sort
said
whe
nth
eb.
-bir
dw
hat
itsa
idw
ason
thre
shol
dto
slee
pte
lling
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.L
OC
.O
BL
.DE
F.PA
RT
.PT
.I(+
FOC
.)L
OC
.IN
F.A
BS.
Aft
er(h
is)
sayi
ngso
,th
eb.
-bir
dsa
id,
‘lie
dow
non
the
thre
shol
d.’
8 Texts with interlinear analysis
13 M(3
)⟨f
idan
fu
˙ lubu
nefi
c eve.
ku
˙ daka
mun
nuke
rene
c eve.
⟩fi
ndan
fu
˙ lubu
nefi
eve
ku
˙ daka
mun
nuke
rene
eve
f.-b
ird
said
they
say
from
smal
lnes
sno
tw
illda
resa
ying
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NPA
RT
CV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
M.S
G.
PT.I
.3SG
.E
XT
.A
BL
.SG
.N
EG
.FU
T.3
SG.
INT
.
The
f.-b
ird
said
,‘b
ecau
seof
itssm
all
size
,(I
)da
reno
t(s
leep
onit)
.A
(3)
be
˙ nim
ei,
e
˙ lage
n
˙ deve
siof
eibe
˙ nanı
,m
adir
i-ai
mak
u
˙ nai
kai
kai
niov
esi-
au.
be
˙ nim
eie
˙ lage
n
˙ deve
siof
eibe
˙ nanı
mad
iri
aim
aku
˙ nuai
kai
kai
niov
esi
ausa
idw
hen
onth
resh
old
havi
ngla
idw
hat
hesa
ysis
mos
quito
sw
ithbu
gsw
ithea
ting
eatin
gno
tca
nlie
dow
nsa
ying
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
CO
NJ
VE
RB
VE
RB
PAR
TC
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPA
RT
.PT
.L
OC
.L
OC
.A
BS.
IPA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.O
BL
.SO
C.
OB
L.
SOC
.R
AB
S.R
AB
S.N
EG
.FU
T.3
SG.
INT
.
Hav
ing
said
so,
(the
f.-b
ird)
,ha
ving
lain
dow
non
the
thre
shol
d,sa
id,
‘Ica
nnot
lie(h
ere)
bein
gea
ten
bym
osqu
itos
and
bugs
agai
nan
dag
ain.
’
14 M(4
)⟨t
iahe
nvi
c ya,
c utur
u
c edug
a
c i
c onna
s_e
bo
˙ danf
u
˙ lubu
nefi
c eve.
⟩tia
hen
via
c utur
uen
duga
c ion
nas
ebo
n
˙ danf
u
˙ lubu
nefi
eve
this
way
havi
ngbe
com
eif
uppe
ron
bed
tosl
eep
sayi
ngb.
-bir
dsa
idth
eysa
yD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BC
ON
JA
DJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AT
TR
.O
BL
.SG
.PA
RT
.PT
.C
ON
D.
AT
TR
.L
OC
.SG
.IN
F.IN
T.
NO
M.S
G.
PT.I
.3SG
.E
XT
.
‘If
itis
like
this
,sl
eep
onth
eup
per
bed’
,th
eb.
-bir
dsa
id.
F(2
)be
˙ num
ma,
be
˙ ni-a
i,m
atig
esa
ara
vesi
onna
hake
.be
˙ num
ma
be˙ ni
aim
atig
esa
ara
vesi
onna
hake
sayi
ngw
hen
hesa
idth
eysa
yto
upho
use
clim
bing
tolie
dow
nsa
ying
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BO
BL
.L
OC
.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.D
AT
.A
BS.
INF.
AB
S.
Aft
er(h
is)
sayi
ngso
,(t
heb.
-bir
d)sa
id,
‘lie
dow
non
the
grill
inth
eki
tche
n.’
15 M(4
)⟨c ut
uruk
amun
nuke
rene
c eve.
⟩ut
uruk
amun
nuke
rene
eve
from
uppe
rnes
sno
tw
illda
resa
ying
NO
UN
PAR
TC
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CA
BL
.SG
.N
EG
.FU
T.3
SG.
INT
.
(The
f.-b
ird
answ
ered
,)‘b
ecau
seof
itsbe
ing
loca
ted
upst
airs
,(I
)da
reno
t(s
leep
onit)
.’F
(2)
be
˙ num
ma,
eum
atig
esa
ara
vesi
ot-a
ibe
˙ num
ma
eum
atig
esa
ara
vesi
otai
sayi
ngw
hen
that
one’
sto
upho
use
clim
bing
hela
ydo
wn
they
say
NO
UN
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CO
BL
.L
OC
.O
BL
.D
AT
.A
BS.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o),
(the
f.-b
ird)
lay
dow
ncl
imbi
ngup
to(t
heb.
-bir
d’s)
upho
use.
9T1 Findana bon ˙dana
16 M(5
)⟨b
o
˙ danf
u
˙ lubu
nefi
c eve.
badi
gedu
mas
im
atıg
a
c i
c onna
nda
s_ev
e.⟩
bon
˙ danf
u
˙ lubu
nefi
eve
badi
gedu
mas
im
atıg
aion
nas
das
eve
b.-b
ird
said
they
say
kitc
hen
hous
esm
oke
tabl
eup
onto
slee
pto
gosa
ying
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
M.S
G.
PT.I
.3SG
.E
XT
.O
BL
.SG
.O
BL
.SG
.O
BL
.SG
.O
BL
.SG
.L
OC
.SG
.IN
F.IN
F.IN
T.
The
b.-b
ird
told
him
togo
tosl
eep
onth
ehe
arth
(lit.
"sm
oke
tabl
e")
ofth
eki
tche
n.A
(4)
ehe
nbe
˙ nim
ei,
bon
˙ dana
be
˙ nafi
,ba
dige
asim
ate
vesi
onna
c
kei.
ehe
nbe
˙ nim
eibo
n
˙ dana
be
˙ nafi
badi
geas
imat
eve
sion
nas
kei
that
sort
said
whe
nth
eb.
-bir
dw
hat
itsa
idw
aski
tche
ngr
illto
liete
lling
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.L
OC
.O
BL
.DE
F.PA
RT
.PT
.I(+
FOC
.)O
BL
.L
OC
.IN
F.A
BS.
Aft
erha
ving
said
so,
the
b.-b
ird
told
(him
)to
liedo
wn
onth
egr
illof
the
kitc
hen.
17 M(5
)⟨f
idan
fu
˙ lubu
nñ_
eve.
dum
asik
amun
nuke
rene
c eve.
⟩fi
ndan
fu
˙ lubu
niev
edu
mas
ikam
unnu
kere
neev
ef.
-bir
dsa
idth
eysa
yfr
ombe
ing
hear
thno
tw
illda
resa
ying
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NPA
RT
CV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
M.S
G.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
AB
L.S
G.
NE
G.
FUT
.3SG
.IN
T.
The
f.-b
ird
said
,‘b
ecau
seof
itsbe
ing
ahe
arth
(lit.
"sm
oke-
tabl
e"),
(I)
dare
not
(sle
epon
it).’
A(4
)e
tani
vesi
ofei
find
ana
be
˙ nafi
,du
mbu
˙ liei
mak
u
˙ nai
kai
kai
niov
esi-
au.
eta
nive
siof
eifi
ndan
abe
˙ nafi
dum
bu˙ li
aim
aku
˙ nuai
kai
kai
niov
esi
auth
atin
plac
eha
ving
laid
the
f.-b
ird
wha
tit
said
was
soot
with
bugs
with
eatin
gea
ting
not
will
bely
able
sayi
ngD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NC
ON
JN
OU
NC
ON
JV
ER
BV
ER
BPA
RT
CV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AT
TR
.L
OC
.A
BS.
IO
BL
.DE
F.PA
RT
.PT
.I(+
FOC
.)O
BL
.SO
C.
OB
L.
SOC
.R
AB
S.R
AB
S.N
EG
.FU
T.3
SG.
INT
.
Hav
ing
laid
dow
nth
ere,
the
f.-b
ird
said
,‘I
cann
otlie
(her
e)be
ing
eate
nby
soot
and
bugs
agai
nan
dag
ain.
’
18 M(6
)⟨b
o
˙ danf
u
˙ lubu
nefi
c eve.
tia
hen
vi
c yaba
tta
vafi
anm
atıg
a
c i
c onna
nda
s_ev
e.⟩
bon
˙ danf
u
˙ lubu
nefi
eve
tiahe
nvi
aba
tta
vafi
anm
atıg
aion
nas
das
eve
b.-b
ird
said
they
say
this
way
havi
ngbe
com
eif
rice
cook
ing
pan
lidup
onto
liedo
wn
togo
sayi
ngN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
CO
NJ
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OM
.SG
.PT
.I.3
SG.
EX
T.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.SG
.PA
RT
.PT
.C
ON
D.
OB
L.S
G.
OB
L.S
G.
OB
L.S
G.
LO
C.S
G.
INF.
INF.
INT
.
The
b.-b
ird
said
,‘i
fit
islik
eth
is,
go(a
nd)
liedo
wn
onth
elid
ofth
eri
ceco
okin
gpa
n.’
A(5
)e
hen
be
˙ nim
ei,
bon
˙ dana
be
˙ nafi
,ba
tta
vafa
tim
atte
vesi
onna
c
kei.
ehe
nbe
˙ nim
eibo
n
˙ dana
be
˙ nafi
bat
tava
fati
mat
teve
sion
nas
kei
that
sort
said
whe
nth
eb.
-bir
dsa
idri
ceco
okin
gpa
nof
lidon
top
tolie
dow
nte
lling
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.L
OC
.N
OM
.DE
F.PT
.3SG
.N
OM
.PA
RT
.PR
S.G
EN
.L
OC
.IN
F.A
BS.
Aft
er(h
is)
sayi
ngso
,‘t
heb.
-bir
dsa
id,
liedo
wn
onth
elid
ofth
eri
ceco
okin
gpa
n’.
10 Texts with interlinear analysis
19 M⟨m
ihe
nha
ma
bunu
mun
heva
c la,
ta
c yar_
eki
afa
c i,fi
dana
duve
fa
c igo
s,ba
tta
vafi
anm
atıg
a
c i,
c osov
e
c je
c eve.
⟩m
ihe
nha
ma
bunu
mun
heva
llata
yyar
ue
kiaf
aifi
ndan
adu
vefa
igo
sba
tta
vafi
anm
atıg
aios
ovej
jeev
eth
isw
ayju
stsp
eaki
ngha
ving
been
awak
ere
ady
sayi
ngha
ving
said
f.-b
ird
havi
ngru
ngo
ing
rice
pan
cove
rup
onla
ydo
wn
they
say
DPR
ON
NO
UN
AD
VV
ER
BV
ER
BA
DJ
QPA
RT
CV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AT
TR
.O
BL
.SG
.M
OD
.G
RN
D.
AB
S.II
PRE
D.
INT
.A
BS.
IN
OM
.SG
.A
BS.
IA
BS.
OB
L.S
G.
OB
L.S
G.
OB
L.S
G.
LO
C.S
G.
PT.I
V.3
SG.
EX
T.
Aft
erth
eyha
dfi
nish
edsp
eaki
nglik
eth
is,
the
f.-b
ird,
havi
ngsa
id‘(
Iam
)re
ady’
,la
ydo
wn
upon
the
lidof
the
rice
cook
ing
pan.
20 M⟨b
o
˙ danf
u
˙ las
ves,
nidi
fa
c iru
ko
˙ laku
nhe
levu
nuta
nafi
danf
u
˙ lu,
bat
fuke
c
kala
fa
c i,gu
c ifu
ke
c
jaha
li
c a
˙ dubo
˙ danf
u
˙ las
c ivig
engo
vala
c ifi
c eve.
⟩bo
n
˙ danf
u
˙ las
ves
nidi
fair
uko
˙ laku
nhe
levu
nuta
na
find
anfu
˙ luba
tfu
kek
kala
fai
gui
fuke
kja
hali
a
˙ dubo
n
˙ danf
u
˙ las
ivig
engo
vala
ifi
c eve
tob.
-bir
dal
sosl
ept
time
for
piec
eaw
aken
edpl
ace
with
f.-b
ird
rice
api
ece
havi
ngea
ten
drop
ping
api
ece
laid
nois
eto
b.-b
ird
hear
ing
shou
ted
they
say
NO
UN
CO
NJ
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
DA
T.S
G.
MO
D.
AB
S.I
OB
L.S
G.
AB
L.S
G.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.P
ASS
.O
BL
.SG
.SO
C.
OB
L.S
G.
OB
L.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.II
+I
OB
L.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.I
IN
OM
.SG
.D
AT
.SG
.A
BS.
III
PT.I
I+I.
3SG
.E
XT
.
Whe
nth
eb.
-bir
daw
oke
afte
rha
ving
slep
tfo
ra
whi
le,
hehe
ard
the
nois
eth
ef.
-bir
d(p
rodu
ced
by)
layi
nga
(pie
ceof
)dr
oppi
ngaf
ter
havi
ngea
ten
api
ece
ofri
ce,
and
(he)
shou
ted:
Ave
siov
efei
vela
ke˙ da
kun,
bat
tava
fati
mat
ina
gafe
i,ka
cfe
˙ t˙ ti
a˙ da
ivei
bon
˙ dana
ahaf
i:ve
siov
efei
vela
ke
˙ daku
nba
tta
vafa
tim
ati
naga
fei
kas
fe
˙ t˙ tia
˙ daiv
eibo
n
˙ dana
ahaf
i:ly
ing
whi
lew
itha
piec
eri
ceco
okin
gpa
nof
lidto
pha
ving
lifte
dto
eat
begu
nno
ise
hear
ing
the
b.-b
ird
aske
dV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
B
AB
S.I
OB
L.
AB
L.I
ND
EF.
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
RS.
GE
N.
NO
M.
AB
S.I
INF.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
AB
S.N
OM
.PA
RT
.PT
.I
Hav
ing
spen
tso
me
time
lyin
gth
ere,
havi
nglif
ted
the
lidof
the
cook
ing
pan,
the
b.-b
ird
hear
dth
eso
und
of(s
omeo
ne)
star
ting
toea
tan
das
ked:
Fov
efe,
bon
˙ danu
nidu
num
ma
hedi
va
˙ dam
akı,
tel
e
˙ lial
aru
mba
yye
mat
im
uhal
aan
gasa
lage
nha
faga
t-ai
.ov
efe
bon
˙ danu
nidu
num
ma
hedi
va
˙ dam
akı
tel
e
˙ lial
aru
mba
yye
mat
im
uhal
aan
gasa
lage
nha
faga
tai
havi
ngla
idb.
-bir
dsl
eepi
ngw
hen
done
am
anne
ris
oil
frie
dya
ms
pot
top
rem
ovin
gto
mou
thla
ying
hego
tch
ewed
they
say
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.I
OB
L.
OB
L.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
+FO
C.
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
GE
N.
OB
L.
AB
S.II
DA
T.
AB
S.II
IPT
.III
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Aft
erha
ving
lain
dow
nan
daf
ter
the
b.-b
ird
had
falle
nas
leep
,(t
hef.
-bir
dst
arte
d)ch
ewin
goi
lfr
ied
yam
root
s(t
aro)
bypu
tting
them
into
his
mou
thta
king
them
(fro
m)
the
pan.
11T1 Findana bon ˙dana
20a
M⟨k
o
c koko
n
c a
˙ de
c
he
c y_ev
e.⟩
kokk
oko
na
˙ dek
heyo
eve
(you
nger
)br
othe
rw
hat
ano
ise
wel
lsa
ying
NO
UN
IPR
ON
NO
UN
AD
VQ
PAR
TC
NO
M.S
G.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.SG
.IN
DE
F.M
OD
.IN
T.
‘(Y
oung
er)
brot
her,
wha
ta
nois
em
ight
(thi
sbe
)?’)
Afi
ndan
u,fi
ndan
u,e
kon
a
˙ da?
find
anu
find
anu
eko
na
˙ daf.
-bir
df.
-bir
dth
atw
hat
ano
ise
NO
UN
NO
UN
DPR
ON
IPR
ON
NO
UN
OB
L.
OB
L.
NO
M.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.
‘F.-
bird
,f.
-bir
d,w
hat
aso
und
isth
is?’
Fha
faga
tta
,bo
n
˙ danu
be
˙ ni-a
i,fi
ndan
,fi
ndan
,ko
na
˙ de
c ?ha
faga
tta
bon
˙ danu
be
˙ niai
find
anfi
ndan
kon
a
˙ dek
chew
ing
atm
omen
tb.
-bir
dhe
said
they
say
f.-b
ird
f.-b
ird
wha
ta
nois
eV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
NO
UN
IPR
ON
NO
UN
PAR
T.P
T.I
IIO
BL
.N
OM
.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.N
OM
.N
OM
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
Just
whe
nhe
was
chew
ing,
the
b.-b
ird
said
,‘f
.-bi
rd,
f.-b
ird,
wha
ta
nois
eis
this
?’
21 M⟨f
idan
fu˙ lu
bune
fic ev
e.c e
c ım
agu
mat
indi
am
ıhak
u,di
nfo
cfo
c cec
hafa
lic a
˙ d_ev
e.⟩
find
anfu
˙ lubu
nefi
eve
eım
agu
mat
indi
am
ıhak
udi
nfo
kfo
ccek
hafa
lia
˙ duev
ef.
-bir
dsa
idth
eysa
yth
is-i
sro
adup
onw
alki
nga
man
give
nbe
teln
uta
piec
ech
ewin
gno
ise
sayi
ngN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
NO
M.S
G.
PT.I
.3SG
.E
XT
.N
OM
.+FO
C.
OB
L.S
G.
AB
L.S
G.
PAR
T.P
RS.
OB
L.S
G.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.I
IN
OM
.SG
.IN
T.
The
f.-b
ird
said
,‘t
his
isth
eno
ise
(whi
ch(I
)am
prod
ucin
gby
)ch
ewin
ga
piec
eof
bete
lnut
whi
ch(I
)w
asgi
ven
bya
man
wal
king
onth
est
reet
.’A
find
ana
be
˙ ni,
eım
agun
gem
ıhak
afu
a
c
ke
˙ da
c
din
a
˙ da.
find
ana
be
˙ nieı
mag
unge
mıh
aka
fuak
ke
˙ dak
din
a
˙ dath
ef.
-bir
dsa
idth
isis
onst
reet
goin
ga
man
with
arec
anut
api
ece
give
nno
ise
NO
UN
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
M.D
EF.
PT.3
SG.
NO
M.+
FOC
.A
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.O
BL
.IN
DE
F.SO
C.
OB
L.
OB
L.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
The
f.-b
ird
said
,‘t
his
isth
eso
und
prod
uced
(lit.
give
n)by
api
ece
ofar
ecan
utan
da
pers
onw
alki
ngon
the
road
.’F
be
˙ nabe
˙ ni-a
i,e
mag
eef
faiv
an-f
u
˙ luda
mal
ia
˙ d-ai
.be
˙ nabe
˙ niai
em
age
ekfa
ivan
-fu
˙ luda
mal
ia
˙ daai
sayi
nghe
said
they
say
that
my
one
foot
-par
tst
retc
hed
soun
dsa
ying
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CD
PRO
NPP
RO
NC
AR
DN
OU
N+
HO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.N
OM
.G
EN
.(M
!)A
TT
R.
NO
M.(
M.)
PAR
T.P
T.I
IN
OM
.IN
T.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o),
(the
f.-b
ird)
said
,‘t
hat
isth
eso
und
ofm
yon
efo
otst
retc
hed.
’
12 Texts with interlinear analysis
21a
Fke
fe,
mi
otı-
aiva
goja
han.
kefe
mi
otı
aiva
goja
han
Hav
ing
said
now
wha
the
was
isth
eysa
yth
ief
hitti
ngV
ER
BA
DV
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NV
ER
B
AB
S.I
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
EX
T.
NO
M.
AB
S.II
I
Hav
ing
said
(so)
,he
now
was
(aga
in)
doin
gso
met
hing
secr
et(l
it"a
ctin
glik
ea
thie
f").
22 M⟨c an
e
c kaba
tfu
ke
c
kala
fa
c igu
c ifu
ke
c
jaha
li
c a
˙ du
c ivic je
c eve.
⟩an
ekka
bat
fuke
kka
lafa
igu
ifu
kek
jaha
lia
˙ duiv
ijje
eve
agai
nri
cea
piec
eha
ving
eate
ndr
oppi
nga
piec
eha
ving
laid
nois
ew
ashe
ard
they
say
AD
VN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
TE
MP.
OB
L.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.II
+I
OB
L.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.I
IN
OM
.SG
.PT
.IV
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Aga
in,
the
nois
e(p
rodu
ced
by)
layi
nga
(pie
ceof
)dr
oppi
ngaf
ter
havi
ngea
ten
api
ece
ofri
cew
ashe
ard.
Ave
lake
˙ daku
n,en
e
c
kala
ia
˙ da
c
kefi
.ve
lake
˙ daku
nen
ekka
lai
a
˙ dak
kefi
whi
lew
itha
piec
ean
othe
rtim
ew
itha
nois
eut
tere
dN
OU
NN
OU
NPR
ON
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
OB
L.
AB
L.I
ND
EF.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.SO
C.
NO
M.
PT.I
.3SG
.
Aft
erso
me
time,
anot
her
time
ano
ise
(was
)ut
tere
d.F
ene
c
kala
habo
n
˙ danu
nidu
num
ma
hafa
gat-
ai.
enek
kala
habo
n
˙ danu
nidu
nun
ma
hafa
gat
aian
othe
rto
time
b.-b
ird
slee
ping
whe
nhe
chew
edth
eysa
yPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AT
TR
.D
AT
.O
BL
.O
BL
.L
OC
.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.
(And
)an
othe
rtim
ehe
star
ted
chew
ing
afte
rth
eb.
-bir
dha
dfa
llen
asle
ep.
13T1 Findana bon ˙dana
23 M⟨b
o
˙ danf
u
˙ lugo
vali
c eve.
ko
c koko
n
c a
˙ de
c
he
c y_ev
e.⟩
bon
˙ danf
u
˙ lugo
vali
eve
kokk
oko
na
˙ dek
heyo
eve
b.-b
ird
shou
ted
they
say
brot
her
wha
ta
nois
ew
ell
sayi
ngN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
IPR
ON
NO
UN
IPA
RT
CQ
PAR
TC
NO
M.S
G.
PT.I
I.3S
G.
EX
T.
NO
M.S
G.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.SG
.IN
DE
F.M
OD
.IN
T.
The
b.-b
ird
shou
ted,
‘(yo
unge
r)br
othe
r,w
hat
ano
ise
mig
ht(t
his
be)?
’A
bon
˙ dana
ahaf
i,fi
ndan
u,fi
ndan
u,e
kon
a
˙ da?
bon
˙ dana
ahaf
ifi
ndan
ufi
ndan
ue
kon
a
˙ da?
the
b.-b
ird
aske
df.
-bir
df.
-bir
dth
atw
hat
ano
ise
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
DPR
ON
IPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
M.D
EF
PT.3
SG.
OB
L.
OB
L.
NO
M.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.
The
b.-b
ird
aske
d,
‘f.-
bird
,f.
-bir
d,w
hat
aso
und
isth
is?’
Fbo
n
˙ danu
be
˙ ni-a
i,fi
ndan
,fi
ndan
,e
kon
a
˙ de
c ?bo
n
˙ danu
be
˙ niai
find
anfi
ndan
eko
na
˙ dek?
b.-b
ird
hesa
idth
eysa
yf.
-bir
df.
-bir
dth
atw
hat
ano
ise
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
ND
PRO
NIP
RO
NN
OU
N
NO
M.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
NO
M.
NO
M.
NO
M.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.
The
b.-b
ird
said
,‘f
.-bi
rd,
f.-b
ird,
wha
ta
nois
eis
this
?’
24 M⟨c e
c ıra
c˙ te
c saku
din
kara
nful
ec
hafa
lic a
˙ d_ev
e.⟩
eıra
˙ t˙ tess
aku
din
kara
nful
ekha
fali
a
˙ duev
eth
isis
aco
mpa
trio
tgi
ven
acl
ove
chew
ing
nois
esa
ying
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
NO
M.+
FOC
.O
BL
.SG
.IN
DE
F.PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.SG
.IN
DE
F.PA
RT
.PT
.II
NO
M.S
G.
INT
.
‘Thi
sis
the
nois
e(w
hich
Iam
prod
ucin
gby
)ch
ewin
ga
clov
e(I
)w
asgi
ven
bya
com
patr
iot.’
Afi
ndan
abe
˙ nafi
ebe
run
gem
ıhak
abi
la
c
ke
˙ da
c
din
a
˙ da.
find
ana
be
˙ nafi
ebe
run
gem
ıhak
abi
lat
ke
˙ dak
din
a
˙ dath
ef.
-bir
dsa
idth
atou
tsid
ego
ing
am
anw
ithbe
tel
api
ece
give
nno
ise
NO
UN
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
M.D
EF.
PT.I
.3SG
.N
OM
.A
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.O
BL
.IN
DE
F.SO
C.
OB
L.
OB
L.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
The
f.-b
ird
said
,‘t
his
isth
eso
und
prod
uced
bya
man
with
abe
tel
leaf
wal
king
outs
ide.
’F
be
˙ nabe
˙ ni-a
i,e
mag
een
e
c
faiv
anfu
˙ luda
mal
ia
˙ d-ai
!be
˙ nabe
˙ niai
em
age
enek
faiv
anfu
˙ luda
mal
ia
˙ daai
!sa
ying
hesa
idth
eysa
yth
atm
yan
othe
rfo
ot-p
art
stre
tche
dso
und
sayi
ngV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
DPR
ON
PPR
ON
PRO
NN
OU
N+
HO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.N
OM
.G
EN
.(M
!)A
TT
R.
NO
M.(
M.)
PAR
T.P
T.I
IN
OM
.IN
T.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o),
(the
f.-b
ird)
said
,‘t
hat
isth
eso
und
ofm
yot
her
foot
stre
tche
d.’
14 Texts with interlinear analysis
24a
Fke
fe,
mi
otı-
ai,
vago
jaha
n.ke
fem
iot
ıai
vago
jaha
nH
avin
gsa
idno
ww
hat
hew
asis
they
say
thie
fhi
tting
VE
RB
AD
VV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
VE
RB
AB
S.I
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
EX
T.
NO
M.
AB
S.II
I
Hav
ing
said
(thi
s),
(the
f.-b
ird)
agai
nst
arte
ddo
ing
som
ethi
ngse
cret
(lit.
"(w
as)
actin
glik
ea
thie
f").
25 M⟨c an
e
c ka
c iru
ko
˙ laku
nve
s,ba
tfu
ke
c
kala
fa
c igu
c ifu
ke
c
jaha
li
c a
˙ du
c ivun
_ev
e.⟩
anek
kair
uko
˙ laku
nve
sba
tfu
kek
kala
fai
gui
fuke
kja
hali
a
˙ duiv
unu
eve
agai
ntim
ew
itha
piec
eal
sori
cea
piec
eha
ving
eate
ndr
oppi
nga
piec
eha
ving
laid
nois
ew
ashe
ard
they
say
AD
VN
OU
NN
OU
NPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
TE
MP.
OB
L.S
G.
AB
L.S
G.
MO
D.
OB
L.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.II
+I
OB
L.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.I
IN
OM
.SG
.PA
RT
.PT
.PA
SS.
EX
T.
Aft
erso
me
mor
etim
eag
ain,
the
nois
e(p
rodu
ced
by)
layi
nga
drop
ping
afte
rha
ving
eate
na
piec
eof
rice
was
hear
d.A
vela
gan
˙ daku
n,en
e
c
kala
ia
˙ dake
fi.
vela
gan
˙ daku
nen
ekka
lai
a˙ da
kefi
whi
lew
itha
piec
ean
othe
rtim
ew
itha
nois
eut
tere
dN
OU
NN
OU
NPR
ON
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
OB
L.
AB
L.I
ND
EF.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.SO
C.
NO
M.
PT.I
.3SG
.
Aft
era
little
whi
le,
once
agai
na
nois
e(w
as)
utte
red.
Fov
efe
ene
c
kala
h-as
bon
˙ danu
nidu
num
ma
hafa
gat-
ai.
ovef
een
ekka
laha
asbo
n
˙ danu
nidu
nun
ma
hafa
gat
aibe
ing
anot
her
totim
eye
tb.
-bir
dsl
eepi
ngw
hen
hech
ewed
they
say
VE
RB
PRO
NN
OU
NPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.I
AT
TR
.D
AT
.M
OD
.O
BL
.O
BL
.L
OC
.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Stay
ing
(so)
,af
ter
the
b.-b
ird
had
falle
nas
leep
,ye
tan
othe
rtim
ehe
star
ted
chew
ing.
15T1 Findana bon ˙dana
26 M⟨m
ifa
haru
c ehı
ma,
⟩m
ifa
haru
ehı
ma
this
time
aske
dw
hen
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
AT
TR
.O
BL
.SG
.PA
RT
.PT
.O
BL
.SG
.
Thi
stim
e,w
hen
(the
b.-b
ird)
aske
d,A
bon
˙ dana
ahaf
i,fi
ndan
u,fi
ndan
u,e
kon
a
˙ da?
bon
˙ dana
ahaf
ifi
ndan
ufi
ndan
ue
kon
a
˙ da?
the
b.-b
ird
aske
df.
-bir
df.
-bir
dth
atw
hat
ano
ise
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
DPR
ON
IPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
M.D
EF.
PT.3
SGN
OM
.N
OM
.N
OM
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.
The
b.-b
ird
aske
d,‘f
.-bi
rd,
f.-b
ird,
wha
ta
nois
eis
this
?’F
hafa
gat
ta,
bon
˙ danu
be
˙ ni-a
i,fi
ndan
find
an,
eko
na
˙ de
c ?ha
faga
tta
bon
˙ danu
be
˙ niai
find
anfi
ndan
eko
na
˙ dek
havi
ngch
ewed
atm
omen
tb.
-bir
dhe
said
they
say
f.-b
ird
f.-b
ird
that
wha
ta
nois
eV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
NO
UN
DPR
ON
IPR
ON
NO
UN
PAR
T.P
T.I
IIO
BL
.N
OM
.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.N
OM
.N
OM
.N
OM
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
Just
whe
nhe
star
ted
chew
ing,
the
b.-b
ird
said
,‘f
.-bi
rd,
f.-b
ird,
wha
ta
nois
eis
this
?’
27 M⟨b
unı
c ec ı
c ove
c ove
varu
bali
vege
n,m
olic ak
asda
mal
ic a
˙ d_ev
e.⟩
bunı
eıov
eov
eva
ruba
live
gen
holia
kas
dam
ali
a
˙ duev
ew
hat
hesa
idw
asth
isis
lyin
gly
ing
tired
havi
ngbe
com
eto
aw
ing
pulle
dno
ise
sayi
ngV
ER
BD
PRO
NV
ER
BV
ER
BA
DJ
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.N
OM
.+FO
C.
AB
S.A
BS.
PRE
D.
AB
S.II
ID
AT
.SG
.IN
DE
F.PA
RT
.PT
.II
NO
M.S
G.
INT
.
(the
f.-b
ird)
answ
ered
,‘t
his
isth
eno
ise
(pro
duce
dby
)pu
lling
aw
ing
afte
rha
ving
beco
me
tired
byly
ing
and
lyin
g.’
Afi
ndan
abe
˙ nafi
,m
agun
gem
ıhak
adu
nfa
c
ke
˙ da
c
din
a
˙ da.
find
ana
be
˙ nafi
mag
unge
mıh
aka
dum
fat
ke
˙ dak
din
a
˙ dath
ef.
-bir
dsa
idon
stre
etgo
ing
am
anw
ithsm
oke
leaf
api
ece
give
nno
ise
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
M.D
EF.
PT.I
.3SG
.A
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.O
BL
.IN
DE
F.SO
C.
OB
L.
OB
L.
OB
L.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
The
f.-b
ird
said
,‘(
this
is)
the
soun
dpr
oduc
edby
api
ece
ofto
bacc
oan
da
man
wal
king
onth
est
reet
.’F
be
˙ nabe
˙ ni-a
i,e
tim
age
effi
afu
˙ luda
mal
ia
˙ dai.
be
˙ nabe
˙ niai
etim
age
ekfi
afu
˙ luda
mal
ia
˙ daai
sayi
nghe
said
they
say
that
self
’son
ew
ing-
part
stre
tche
dso
und
sayi
ngV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
DPR
ON
PPR
ON
CA
RD
NO
UN
+H
ON
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.N
OM
.G
EN
.(M
!)A
TT
R.
NO
M.(
M.)
PAR
T.P
T.I
IN
OM
.IN
T.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o),
(the
f.-b
ird)
said
,‘t
hat
isth
eso
und
ofon
eof
my
win
gsst
retc
hed.
’
16 Texts with interlinear analysis
27a
Fbe
˙ num
ma,
den
ene
c
kala
sva
goja
hage
nm
iot
ı-ai
.be
˙ num
ma
den
enek
kal
asva
goja
hage
nm
iot
ıai
.sa
ying
whe
nth
enan
othe
rto
time
yet
thie
fhi
tting
now
wha
the
was
they
say
VE
RB
NO
UN
AD
VPR
ON
NO
UN
PAR
TC
NO
UN
VE
RB
AD
VV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.I
LO
C.
TE
MP.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.M
OD
.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
EX
T.
Whe
nhe
said
(so)
,ye
tan
othe
rtim
ehe
star
ted
doin
gso
met
hing
secr
et(l
it."a
ctin
glik
ea
thie
f").
28 Aen
e
c
kal-
ai-a
sa
˙ dake
fi.
enek
kal
aias
a
˙ dake
fian
othe
rtim
ew
ithye
ta
nois
eut
tere
dPR
ON
NO
UN
CO
NJ
CO
NJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
AT
TR
.O
BL
.SO
C.
MO
D.
NO
M.
PT.I
.3SG
.
Yet
anot
her
time
ano
ise
(was
)ut
tere
d.F
ovef
e,bo
n
˙ danu
nidu
num
ma
ene
c
kala
sha
faga
t-ai
ovef
ebo
n
˙ danu
nidu
num
ma
ene
c
kal
asha
faga
tai
bein
gb.
-bir
dsl
eepi
ngw
hen
anot
her
time
yet
hech
ewed
they
say
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
PRO
NN
OU
NPA
RT
CV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.I
OB
L.
OB
L.
LO
C.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.M
OD
.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Aft
erha
ving
lain
dow
n(a
gain
),w
hen
the
b.-b
ird
was
slee
ping
,he
(sta
rted
)ch
ewin
g(a
gain
).
29 Abo
n
˙ dana
ahaf
i,fi
ndan
u,fi
ndan
u,e
kon
a
˙ da?
bon
˙ dana
ahaf
ifi
ndan
ufi
ndan
ue
kon
a
˙ dath
eb.
-bir
das
ked
f.-b
ird
f.-b
ird
that
wha
ta
nois
eN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
ND
PRO
NIP
RO
NN
OU
N
NO
M.D
EF.
PT.3
SG.
NO
M.
NO
M.
NO
M.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.
The
b.-b
ird
aske
d,
‘f.-
bird
,f.
-bir
d,w
hat
ano
ise
isth
is?’
Fha
faga
tta
,bo
n
˙ danu
be
˙ ni-a
i,fi
ndan
,fi
ndan
,e
kon
a
˙ de
c ?ha
faga
tta
bon
˙ danu
be
˙ niai
find
anfi
ndan
eko
na
˙ dek
havi
ngch
ewed
atm
omen
tb.
-bir
dhe
said
they
say
f.-b
ird
f.-b
ird
that
wha
ta
nois
eV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
NO
UN
DPR
ON
IPR
ON
NO
UN
PAR
T.P
T.I
IIO
BL
.N
OM
.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.N
OM
.N
OM
.N
OM
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
Just
whe
nhe
had
star
ted
chew
ing,
the
b.-b
ird
said
,‘f
.-bi
rd,
f.-b
ird,
wha
ta
nois
eis
this
?’
17T1 Findana bon ˙dana
30 Afi
ndan
abe
˙ nafi
,eı
beru
nge
mıh
aka
huni
ke
˙ dadi
na
˙ da.
find
ana
be
˙ nafi
eıbe
run
gem
ıhak
ahu
nike
˙ dadi
na
˙ dath
ef.
-bir
dsa
idth
atou
tsid
ego
ing
am
anw
ithlim
ea
piec
egi
ven
nois
eN
OU
NV
ER
BD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NC
ON
JN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
N
NO
M.D
EF.
PT.I
.3SG
.N
OM
.A
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.O
BL
.IN
DE
F.SO
C.
OB
L.
OB
L.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
The
f.-b
ird
said
,‘t
his
isth
eso
und
prod
uced
bya
piec
eof
lime
and
am
anw
alki
ngou
tsid
e.’
Fbe
˙ nabe
˙ ni-a
i,e
tim
age
enef
fiaf
u
˙ luda
mal
ia
˙ d-ai
.be
˙ nabe
˙ niai
etim
age
enek
fiaf
u
˙ luda
mal
ia
˙ daai
sayi
nghe
said
they
say
that
self
’san
onth
erw
ing-
part
stre
tche
dso
und
sayi
ngV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
DPR
ON
PPR
ON
PRO
NN
OU
N+
HO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.N
OM
.G
EN
.(M
!)A
TT
R.
NO
M.(
M.)
PAR
T.P
T.I
IN
OM
.IN
T.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o),
(the
f.-b
ird)
said
,‘t
hat
isth
eso
und
ofm
yot
her
win
gst
retc
hed.
’
31 Am
ehe
nbe
˙ nafe
i,fi
ndan
ahe
dile
hekı
,ba
tta
rafa
c
kafe
ini
kihi
sien
eet
era
c
gula
fei,
divi
ebeg
e.m
ehe
nbe
˙ nafe
ifi
ndan
ahe
dile
hekı
bat
tara
fat
kafe
ini
kihi
sien
eet
eras
gula
fei
divi
ebeg
eth
isso
rtsa
ying
the
f.-b
ird
done
am
anne
rw
asri
ceco
okin
gpa
nea
ting
rest
bein
gre
mai
nder
into
drop
ping
layi
ngru
nnin
gw
ent
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
AT
TR
.O
BL
.A
BS.
IO
BL
.DE
F.PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.+
FOC
.N
OM
.PA
RT
.PR
S.O
BL
.A
BS.
IN
OM
.PA
RT
.PT
.O
BL
.D
AT
.N
OM
.A
BS.
IA
BS.
PT.3
SG.
Aft
ersa
ying
so,
the
f.-b
ird
(fin
ally
)ra
naw
ayaf
ter
layi
nga
piec
eof
drop
ping
into
wha
tw
asle
ftin
the
cook
ing
pan
afte
rea
ting.
Fke
fehe
dıva
˙ dam
akı,
mıg
eti
biha
ial
aka
hus
kolla
rum
bai
fura
gula
fe.
kefe
hedı
va
˙ dam
akı
mıg
etib
iha
ial
aka
hus
kolla
rum
bai
fura
gula
fesa
ying
done
am
anne
rw
asth
ison
e’s
bein
gal
lya
mea
ting
empt
ym
akin
gpo
tfi
lling
drop
ping
layi
ngV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
ND
PRO
NV
ER
BPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
AD
JV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
B
AB
S.I
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
+FO
C.
GE
N.
(M!)
PAR
T.P
RS.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.A
BS.
PRE
D.
AB
S.II
OB
L.
AB
S.N
OM
.A
BS.
I
Aft
ersa
ying
(so)
,he
(fin
ally
)la
ida
drop
ping
(and
)fi
lled
the
pot
(with
it)af
ter
havi
ngm
ade
item
pty
byea
ting
all
the
yam
itha
dco
ntai
ned
(bef
ore)
.
18 Texts with interlinear analysis
32 M⟨d
enm
ihe
n
c o
c vafa
tis
vım
a,fi
danf
u
˙ lute
duve
gen
gos,
c udun
ufu
c˙ da
nuga
c i
c o
c
funa
c˙ te
c geda
sas
vade
c je
c eve.
⟩de
nm
ihe
nov
vafa
tisvı
ma
find
anfu
˙ lute
duve
gen
gos
udun
ufu
˙ d
˙ danu
gai
otfu
na
˙ t˙ tekg
eda
sas
vade
jjeev
eth
enth
isw
ayle
tting
beda
wn
was
whe
nf.
-bir
dha
ving
got
upgo
ing
stov
efl
our
ches
tbe
ing
ofa
botto
msh
ell
unde
ren
tere
dth
eysa
yA
DV
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
TE
MP.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.SG
.PA
RT
.PR
S.N
OM
.SG
.PA
RT
.PT
.O
BL
.SG
.N
OM
.SG
.A
BS.
III
AB
S.O
BL
.SG
.L
OC
.SG
.PA
RT
.PT
.G
EN
.SG
.IN
DE
F.D
AT
.SG
.PT
.IV
.3SG
.E
XT
.
The
n,w
hen
daw
nha
dco
me,
the
f.-b
ird,
afte
rha
ving
got
up,
wen
tof
fan
dco
ncea
led
him
self
unde
ra
botto
msh
ell
whi
chw
asin
the
flou
rch
est
ofth
eki
tche
n.A
den
find
ana
gos
otı,
Mel
iage
Dı
Kal
oka
isi
ga
c
inta
nun
emm
ea
˙ die
o
c
nais
ada
sa
c
vede
fei.
den
find
ana
gos
otı
Mel
iage
Dı
Kal
oka
isi
gas
inta
nun
emm
ea
˙ die
otna
isa
dasa
sve
defe
ith
enth
ef.
-bir
dgo
ing
whe
reit
was
ofM
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ught
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tto
prep
are
sitti
ngof
plac
eut
mos
tat
botto
mbe
ing
the
shel
lun
der
ente
ring
AD
VN
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The
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mos
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ace
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reM
.D.K
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edto
sit
(whe
nsh
ew
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out)
topr
epar
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conu
ts.
Fgo
ho,
badi
gefi
sidu
neo
c
nais
eki
dasa
have
n
˙ defe
-ai
mi
otı.
goho
badi
gefi
sidu
neot
nais
eki
dasa
have
n
˙ defe
aim
iot
ıgo
ing
kitc
hen
inch
imne
ybe
ing
ofa
shel
lun
der
mov
ing
they
say
now
wha
the
was
isV
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.
Goi
ng(a
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hid
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ra
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inth
ech
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hen.
33 M⟨b
o˙ da
nfu
˙ luhe
dunu
tedu
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aska
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nve
gen,
badi
gec as
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uda
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net_
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aku
daka
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tev
eb.
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dm
orni
ngge
tting
upto
child
ren
toea
tto
give
inor
der
toki
tche
nen
ter
rice
pan
look
ing
time
ath
ing
togi
veth
ere
isno
tth
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yN
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Whe
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ving
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ning
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tere
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eki
tche
nin
orde
rto
give
food
toth
ech
ildre
nan
dlo
oked
into
the
rice
cook
ing
pan,
ther
ew
asno
thin
gto
give
(to
them
).A
den
bon
˙ dana
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aite
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gen,
beli
kom
ihi
sıba
tta
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c
kafe
ini
kihi
sien
eet
era
c
gula
fei.
den
bon
˙ dana
henn
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gen
beli
kom
ihi
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fei
niki
hisi
ene
eter
asgu
lafe
ith
enth
eb.
-bir
dat
mor
ning
getti
ngup
look
edw
hen
now
the
way
itw
asw
asri
ceco
okin
gpa
nea
ting
rest
bein
gre
mai
nder
into
drop
ping
layi
ngA
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.PT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
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PAR
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The
nw
hen
the
b.-b
ird
had
got
upin
the
mor
ning
and
look
edar
ound
,he
real
ised
that
adr
oppi
ngha
dbe
enla
idin
tow
hat
was
left
inth
eco
okin
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naf
ter
eatin
g.F
ovve
lai,
hend
une
tede
gat-
aibo
n
˙ danu
.ot
vela
ihe
ndun
ete
dega
tai
bon
˙ danu
bein
gat
time
inm
orni
nghe
got
upth
eysa
yb.
-bir
dV
ER
BN
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NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
LO
C.
PT.I
II.3
SG.
EX
T.
NO
M.
Aft
erre
mai
ning
(so)
,th
eb.
-bir
dgo
tup
inth
em
orni
ng.
19T1 Findana bon ˙dana
33a
M⟨b
atta
vaga
c ihu
rı,
mu
˙ lıngu
i_ev
e.⟩
bat
tava
gai
hurı
mu
˙ lıngu
iev
eri
cein
pan
wha
tis
tota
llyex
crem
ents
they
say
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
AD
JN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.S
G.
LO
C.S
G.
PAR
T.P
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FOC
.A
BL
.N
OM
.SG
.E
XT
.
Inth
eri
cepa
nth
ere
wer
eon
lyex
crem
ents
.F
tede
mat
iges
aar
a,be
lıka
l,m
ie
tibi
hai
ala
kafe
,ru
bayy
efu
ragu
lafe
hısi
.te
dem
atig
esa
ara
belı
kal
mi
etib
iha
ial
aka
feru
bayy
efu
ragu
lafe
hısi
getti
ngup
toup
hous
ecl
imbi
nglo
oked
time
this
one
that
one(
’s)
bein
gal
lya
mea
ting
pot
filli
ngdr
oppi
ngla
ying
itw
asV
ER
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NV
ER
BV
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BN
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ND
PRO
ND
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NO
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AT
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.N
OM
.A
BS.
IN
OM
.A
BS.
NO
M.
AB
S.I
PT.3
SG.
Whe
nhe
got
up,
clim
bed
upon
the
upho
use
and
look
edar
ound
,he
real
ised
that
all
the
yam
heha
d(p
osse
ssed
)ha
dbe
enea
ten,
and
the
pot
had
been
refi
lled
with
adr
oppi
ng.
34 M⟨d
enru
˙ li
c a
c isge
nfi
danf
u
˙ luho
dam
un
c eka
c ce
c
hi
c lanu
feni
gen,
c ane
c kace
c
hi
c lam
ungo
s,fi
danf
u
˙ luva
de
c otna
sihi
c lale
vi
c je
c eve.
⟩de
nru
˙ liai
sgen
find
anfu
˙ luho
dam
unek
acce
khi
llanu
feni
gen
anek
kace
khi
llam
ungo
sfi
ndan
fu
˙ luva
deot
nasi
hilla
levi
jjeev
eth
enan
gry
havi
ng(b
e)co
me
f.-b
ird
seek
ing
one
thin
glif
ting
not
appe
arin
gan
othe
rth
ing
liftin
ggo
ing
f.-b
ird
ente
ring
bein
gsh
ell
liftin
gsh
oute
dth
eysa
y
AD
VA
DJ
VE
RB
NO
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NO
UN
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QPA
RT
C
TE
MP.
PRE
D.
AB
S.II
IN
OM
.SG
.G
RN
D.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.N
EG
.A
BS.
III
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
GR
ND
.A
BS.
OB
L.S
G.
AB
S.PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.SG
.A
BS.
PT.I
V.3
SG.
EX
T.
The
n,ha
ving
beco
me
angr
y,he
wen
t(a
roun
d)in
sear
chfo
rth
ef.
-bir
d,lif
ting
one
thin
g–
hedo
esno
tsh
owup
,lif
ting
anot
her
thin
gan
dgo
ing
(on
like
this
).(F
inal
ly)
whe
nhe
lifte
dth
esh
ell
unde
rw
hich
the
f.-b
ird
had
hid,
hesh
oute
d:A
den
bon
˙ dana
ri
˙ diar
agen
find
ana
hoda
mun
hoda
mun
mi
enı
gos
Mel
iage
Dı
Kal
oka
isi
ga
c
inta
n.de
nbo
n
˙ dana
ri
˙ diar
agen
find
ana
hoda
mun
hoda
mun
mi
enı
gos
Mel
iage
Dı
Kal
oka
isi
gas
inta
sth
enth
eb.
-bir
dan
gry
aris
ing
the
f.-b
ird
sear
chin
gse
arch
ing
now
whe
rehe
com
esis
goin
gof
M.
D.
K.
coco
nut
topr
epar
esi
tting
plac
eA
DV
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UN
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BN
OU
NV
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BV
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BA
DV
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PNN
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OB
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PRE
D.
AB
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IN
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RN
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GR
ND
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EM
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RT
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BS.
GE
N.S
G.
OB
L.
OB
L.
NO
M.
INF.
PAR
T.P
RS.
DA
T.
The
nth
eb.
-bir
d,ha
ving
beco
me
angr
y,w
ent
arou
ndse
arch
ing
and
sear
chin
gfo
rth
ef.
-bir
d,an
d(f
inal
lyhe
arri
ved)
atth
epl
ace
whe
reM
.D.K
.w
assi
tting
prep
arin
gco
conu
ts.
Fde
n,hu
vam
unge
kal
badi
gefi
sidu
neo
c
nais
ada
saha
ven
˙ defe
-ai
mi
otı.
den
huva
mun
geka
lba
dige
fisi
dune
otna
isa
dasa
have
n
˙ defe
aim
iot
ıth
ense
arch
ing
gone
attim
eki
tche
nin
chim
ney
bein
gsh
ell
unde
rm
ovin
gth
eysa
yno
ww
hat
hew
asis
AD
VV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
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VV
ER
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MP.
GR
ND
.PA
RT
.PT
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BL
.O
BL
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OC
.PA
RT
.PR
S.O
BL
.D
AT
.A
BS.
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XT
.T
EM
P.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.
The
n,w
hen
hew
ent
sear
chin
ghi
m,
he(f
ound
him
)hi
dden
unde
rth
eco
conu
tsh
ell
inth
ech
imne
yof
the
kitc
hen.
20 Texts with interlinear analysis
34a
Abo
n
˙ dana
gos
nais
ife
reda
mun
geko
,em
me
vati
o
c
nais
ada
sun
eana
ga
c .bo
n
˙ dana
gos
nais
ife
reda
mun
geko
emm
eva
tiot
nais
ada
sun
eana
gat
the
b.-b
ird
goin
gsh
ells
shuf
flin
gw
ent
whe
nut
mos
tat
botto
mbe
ing
shel
lfr
omun
der
that
one
itfi
nally
lifte
dN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NA
DV
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
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NO
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DPR
ON
VE
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OB
L.S
G.D
EF.
AB
S.N
OM
.G
RN
D.
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.
MO
D.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
RS.
OB
L.S
G.D
EF.
AB
L.
NO
M.
PT.I
II.3
SG.
By
goin
gon
shuf
flin
gth
eco
conu
tsh
ells
,he
fina
llylif
ted
(the
f.-b
ird
upfr
om)
unde
rth
esh
ell
atth
eut
mos
tbo
ttom
(of
the
heap
).F
ovve
lai,
dam
aner
egen
,ov
vela
ida
man
ereg
enbe
ing
attim
epu
lling
bein
glif
ted
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
III
Whe
nhe
(fou
ndhi
m),
(the
f.-b
ird)
,af
ter
bein
glif
ted
upby
bein
gpu
lled,
35 Ade
nta
˙ lam
unta
˙ lam
ungo
s,na
gafe
i,hu
ruva
fei,
elli
mei
jehe
˙ nei
ra
c
bere
hisi
kasi
kum
buru
hala
kiet
ere.
den
ta
˙ lam
unta
˙ lam
ungo
sna
gafe
ihu
ruva
fei
elli
mei
jehe
˙ nei
ras
bere
hisi
kasi
kum
buru
hala
kiet
ere
then
stri
king
stri
king
goin
glif
ting
sway
ing
hurl
edw
hen
whe
reit
hit
was
land
outs
ide
bein
gth
orn
bush
esof
ath
icke
tin
side
AD
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BN
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BN
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GR
ND
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PAR
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LO
C.
PAR
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T.+
FOC
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BL
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OC
.PA
RT
.PT
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BL
.O
BL
.G
EN
.IN
DE
F.L
OC
.
The
n(t
hef.
-bir
d),
afte
rbe
ing
stru
ckon
and
on,
lifte
d,sw
ayed
arou
ndan
dhu
rled
away
,hi
tin
the
thic
ket
ofth
orny
tree
sou
tsid
eof
the
land
.F
ta
˙ lata
˙ lafe
,ku
duge
mat
ten,
bon
˙ doge
mat
ten
naga
fe,
ellu
mm
aje
hunı
kasi
kum
buru
bale
ki.
ta˙ la
ta˙ la
feku
duge
mat
ten
bon
˙ doge
mat
ten
naga
feel
lum
ma
jehu
nıka
siku
mbu
ruba
leki
beat
ing
beat
ing
smal
lho
use
from
abov
ebi
gho
use
from
abov
era
isin
gth
row
ing
whe
nw
here
hehi
tw
asth
orn
bush
ina
thic
ket
VE
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RB
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JN
OU
NN
OU
NA
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NO
UN
NO
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NO
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NO
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NO
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NO
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AB
S.A
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TT
R.
OB
L.
AB
L.
AT
TR
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BL
.A
BL
.A
BS.
IO
BL
.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
OB
L.
OB
L.
LO
C.I
ND
EF.
bein
gth
row
nan
dbe
ing
beat
enan
dbe
aten
,be
ing
lifte
dab
ove
the
smal
lho
use
and
abov
eth
ebi
gho
use,
hit
ina
thic
ket
ofth
orny
bush
(es)
.M
⟨den
ru
˙ li
c a
c isge
n
c atug
a
c ihi
fafa
c ida
ma
nere
c ilosi
fa
c ce
c
hus
vade
nta
˙ lafa
c i⟩de
nru
˙ liai
sgen
atug
aihi
fafa
ida
ma
nere
ilosi
facc
ekhu
sva
den
ta
˙ lafa
ith
enan
gry
havi
ng(b
e)co
me
inha
ndgr
aspi
ngpu
lling
brin
ging
out
brus
hwoo
da
broo
mem
pty
bein
gth
enst
riki
ngA
DV
AD
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BN
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NV
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BV
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BV
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BN
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DJ
NO
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BT
EM
P.PR
ED
.A
BS.
III
LO
C.S
G.
AB
S.I
AB
S.A
BS.
OB
L.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
PRE
D.
PAR
T.P
RS.
NO
M.
TE
MP.
AB
S.I
The
n,ha
ving
beco
me
(mor
e)an
gry,
hegr
aspe
d(t
hef.
-bir
d)w
ithhi
sha
nd,
pulle
dhi
m,
took
him
outs
ide,
stru
ckhi
m(w
ith)
abr
ushw
ood
broo
mw
hen
hew
asfr
eeag
ain,
35a
M⟨c at
uga
c ihi
fahu
rahu
rafa
c i
c e
c lalı
ma,
bo
˙ duge
mat
inku
˙ dage
mat
ingo
sve
c˙ te
nıka
siku
buru
vala
kas_
eve.
⟩at
ugai
hifa
hura
hura
fai
ella
lım
abo
˙ duge
mat
inku
˙ dage
mat
ingo
sve
˙ t˙ tenı
kasi
kum
buru
vala
kas
eve
inha
ndgr
aspi
ngsw
ayin
gsw
ayin
ghu
rled
whe
nbi
gho
use
over
smal
lho
use
over
goin
gw
here
itfa
llsis
thor
nbu
shto
thic
ket
they
say
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
AD
JN
OU
NN
OU
NA
DJ
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
QPA
RT
CL
OC
.SG
.A
BS.
AB
S.A
BS.
IPA
RT
.PT
.II
OB
L.S
G.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.SG
.A
BL
.SG
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.S
G.
AB
L.S
G.
AB
S.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.O
BL
.SG
.O
BL
.SG
.D
AT
.SG
.IN
DE
F.E
XT
.
gras
ping
him
(aga
in)
with
his
hand
,sw
ayin
gan
dsw
ayin
ghi
m,
hehu
rled
him
over
the
big
hous
ean
dov
erth
esm
all
hous
e,an
dhe
fell
dow
nin
ath
icke
tof
thor
nybu
shes
.
21T1 Findana bon ˙dana
36 M⟨d
enfi
danf
u
˙ lu
c eta
ga
c i
c ove
varu
bali
filu
va
c igen
nuku
t
c iru
hurı
c eta
nm
ita
nas
kasi
heri
furi
fa
c eve.
⟩de
nfi
ndan
fu
˙ lue
taga
iov
eva
ruba
lifi
luva
igen
nuku
tir
uhu
rıe
tan
mi
tana
ska
sihe
rifu
rifa
eve
then
f.-b
ird
that
inpl
ace
bein
gtir
edha
ving
hidd
enca
me
out
time
whe
rehe
was
isth
atpl
ace
this
topl
ace
thor
npi
erce
dfi
lled
upth
eysa
yA
DV
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
AD
JV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BD
PRO
NN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
TE
MP.
OB
L.S
G.
AT
TR
.L
OC
.SG
.A
BS.
PRE
D.
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PT
.O
BL
.SG
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.SG
.A
TT
R.
DA
T.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.
AB
S.A
BS.
IE
XT
.
The
nw
hen
the
f.-b
ird,
havi
ngbe
com
etir
edby
hidi
nghi
mse
lfly
ing
inth
atpl
ace,
cam
eou
t,he
was
fille
dup
,pi
erce
dby
thor
nshe
rean
dth
ere.
Aje
hife
i,fa
iu
˙ dum
a
c
kasa
c
vede
ge.
jehi
fei
fai
u
˙ dum
aska
sak
vede
gehi
tting
foot
tohe
ela
thor
nen
tere
dV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
B
AB
S.I
OB
L.
DA
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PT.I
V.3
SG.
Whe
nhe
hit
(the
re),
ath
orn
pier
ced
his
heel
.F
mi
tani
ove
helu
viga
tta
vva
nnaı
kasi
-ai.
mi
tani
ove
helu
viga
tta
nva
nnaı
kasi
aith
isat
plac
ebe
ing
got
tosh
ake
atm
omen
tw
hat
pier
ced
was
thor
nth
eysa
yD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
AT
TR
.L
OC
.A
BS.
PAR
T.P
T.I
IIO
BL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.N
OM
.E
XT
.
Whe
nhe
was
ther
e,ju
stw
hen
he(w
asab
leto
)sh
ake
(his
body
agai
n),
his
body
was
pier
ced
byth
orn(
s).
36a
Ffe
re
˙ dıga
t-as
,va
nnaı
kasi
ai.
fere
˙ dıga
tas
vann
aıka
siai
got
toro
llev
enif
wha
tpi
erce
dw
asth
orn
they
say
VE
RB
CO
NJ
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
PAR
T.P
T.I
IIC
ON
C.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
NO
M.
EX
T.
(Whe
nhe
was
able
)to
roll
agai
n,he
was
pier
ced
byth
orn(
s).
37 Fm
iha
leki
miu
telif
uku
rılu
dıge
n.m
iha
leki
miu
telif
uku
rılu
dıge
nth
isin
ast
ate
this
one’
sru
inth
ew
ayit
mad
ebe
ing
torn
DPR
ON
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
AT
TR
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.O
BL
.N
OM
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
(M!)
AB
S.II
I
Inth
isst
ate,
hew
as(p
ract
ical
ly)
dest
roye
dby
bein
gto
rn.
22 Texts with interlinear analysis
37a
Fnu
kum
egat
-ai.
nuku
meg
atai
got
out
they
say
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
PAR
T.P
T.I
IIE
XT
.
Fina
llyhe
got
out.
38 M⟨d
enhi
gani
kos
devu
nıva
˙ dan
kura
ba
c e
c geka
c iric as
_ev
e.⟩
den
hing
ani
kos
devu
nıva
˙ dan
kura
baek
geka
iria
sev
eth
enw
alki
ngdo
ing
whe
rehe
ende
dup
was
hand
icra
ftm
akin
gof
ash
are
tone
arth
eysa
yA
DV
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
RS.
AB
S.PA
RT
.PT
.PO
T.+
FOC
.N
OM
.SG
.PA
RT
.PR
S.G
EN
.SG
.IN
DE
F.D
AT
.SG
.E
XT
.
The
nhe
wal
ked
arou
nd,
and
heen
ded
upne
ara
shar
eof
craf
t(sm
en).
Fnu
kum
egen
,go
hoat
ire
ruk
kana
mat
tenu
kum
evun
i,ve
˙ diba
nnah
ahı
siha
regi
dora
have
-ai.
nuku
meg
engo
hoat
ire
ruk
kana
mat
tenu
kum
evun
ive
˙ diba
nnah
ahı
siha
regi
dora
have
aige
tting
out
goin
gof
shor
etr
eetr
unk
upon
whe
rehe
was
able
toge
tou
tw
aso
˙ dito
build
bein
gw
harf
near
they
say
they
say
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C(M
?)Q
PAR
TC
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
GE
N.
OB
L.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.I
I.PO
T.+
FOC
.O
BL
.IN
F.PA
RT
.PR
S.O
BL
.D
AT
.E
XT
.E
XT
.
Com
ing
out
and
goin
gon
alon
gth
etr
unk
ofa
coco
nut
tree
onth
ebe
ach,
hefi
nally
got
out
near
the
wha
rfw
here
o
˙ di(s
)w
ere
bein
gbu
ilt.
39 M⟨g
osfa
c i,fi
danf
u
˙ lubu
nefi
c eve.
bebe
bebe
c e,ti
man
gefa
c iga
c im
ihir
aka
sina
ga
c idı
bala
s_ev
e.⟩
gosf
aifi
ndan
fu
˙ lubu
nefi
eve
bebe
bebe
etim
ange
faig
aim
ihir
aka
sina
gai
dıba
las
eve
Hav
ing
gone
f.-b
ird
said
they
say
(eld
er)
brot
her
brot
her
sayi
ngow
n’s
info
otth
ishe
reth
orn
taki
ngou
tgi
ving
tolo
oksa
ying
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
PRO
NN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.I
NO
M.S
G.
PT.I
.3SG
.E
XT
.N
OM
.SG
.N
OM
.SG
.IN
T.
GE
N.S
G.
LO
C.S
G.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.SG
.A
BS.
AB
S.IN
F.IN
T.
Hav
ing
gone
(the
re),
the
f.-b
ird
said
,‘(
elde
r)br
othe
r,br
othe
r,pl
ease
pull
thes
eth
orns
out
ofm
yfo
ot.’
Fnu
kum
ebe
˙ ni-a
i,be
be-a
i,ti
ma
fai
mi
hısi
kasi
naga
nna
va
˙ lide
nna
ke.
nuku
me
be
˙ niai
bebe
aitim
afa
im
ihı
sika
sina
gann
ava
˙ lide
nna
keco
min
gou
the
said
they
say
brot
her
sayi
ngse
lfin
foot
here
bein
gth
orn
tote
arof
fkn
ife
togi
vesa
ying
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
PRO
NN
OU
NA
DV
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.N
OM
.IN
T.
AT
TR
.L
OC
.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PR
S.N
OM
.IN
F.N
OM
.IN
F.A
BS.
Hav
ing
com
eou
t,he
said
,‘(
elde
r)br
othe
r,co
uld
you
plea
segi
vem
ea
knif
efo
rcu
tting
out
the
thor
n(s)
from
my
foot
.’
23T1 Findana bon ˙dana
40 M⟨b
unı
ma
mav
a
˙ dika
˙ lege
bune
fi
c eve.
bebe
va
˙ li
c aku
tu
˙ de
c
net_
eve.
c ehar
abe
beka
c iric as
das_
eve.
⟩bu
nım
am
ava
˙ dika
˙ lege
bune
fiev
ebe
beva
˙ liaku
tun
˙ dek
net
eve
ehar
abe
beka
iria
sda
sev
esa
idw
hen
mai
ncr
afts
man
sir
said
they
say
brot
her
akn
ife
apo
int
ther
eis
not
sayi
ngth
atth
ere
brot
her
tone
arto
gosa
ying
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPA
RT
.PT
.O
BL
.SG
.O
BL
.SG
.N
OM
.SG
.PT
.I.3
SG.
EX
T.
NO
M.S
G.
OB
L.S
G.I
ND
EF.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
PRS.
3SG
.IN
T.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.SG
.D
AT
.SG
.IN
F.IN
T.
Whe
nhe
said
(so)
,th
em
ain
craf
tsm
ansa
id,
‘(el
der)
brot
her,
(my)
knif
eha
sno
poin
t.G
oto
that
brot
her.
’F
be
˙ nabe
˙ ni-a
i,be
be,
va
˙ letu
n
˙ da
c
net-
ai,
ehi
sibe
beek
ahi
be
˙ nann
ake
.be
˙ nabe
˙ niai
bebe
va
˙ letu
n
˙ dak
net
aie
hisi
bebe
ekah
ibe
˙ nann
ake
sayi
nghe
said
they
say
brot
her
atkn
ife
poin
tth
ere
isno
tsa
ying
ther
ebe
ing
brot
her
toge
ther
with
tota
lksa
ying
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AD
VV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BA
BS.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
NO
M.
LO
C.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
PRS.
3SG
.IN
T.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
RS.
OB
L.
LO
C.
INF.
AB
S.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o),
(tha
ton
e)sa
id,
‘(el
der)
brot
her,
ther
eis
nopo
int
on(m
y)kn
ife,
talk
toth
atbr
othe
rov
erth
ere.
’
41 M⟨b
unı
ma
c ena
ka
c iric as
gos
fida
nfu
˙ lubu
nefi
c eve.
⟩bu
nım
aen
aka
iria
sgo
sfi
ndan
fu
˙ lubu
nefi
eve
said
whe
nhi
mto
near
goin
gf.
-bir
dsa
idth
eysa
yV
ER
BN
OU
NPP
RO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.S
G.
OB
L.
DA
T.S
G.
AB
S.N
OM
.SG
.A
BS.
IE
XT
.
Whe
nhe
said
(so)
,th
ef.
-bir
d,go
ing
near
to(t
hat
man
),sa
id:
Fbe
˙ nae
bebe
ekah
aeb
age-
ai.
be˙ na
ebe
beek
aha
ebag
eai
sayi
ngth
atbr
othe
rne
arhe
wen
tth
eysa
yV
ER
BD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
DA
T.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o),
hew
ent
near
that
(eld
er)
brot
her.
42 M⟨b
ebe
mag
efa
c iga
mih
ira
kasi
naga
dıba
las_
eve.
⟩be
bem
age
faig
am
ihir
aka
sina
gadı
bala
sev
ebr
othe
rm
yin
foot
this
here
thor
nta
king
off
givi
ngto
look
sayi
ngN
OU
NPP
RO
NN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
M.S
G.
GE
N.
LO
C.S
G.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.SG
.A
BS.
AB
S.IN
F.IN
T.
‘(E
lder
)br
othe
r,pl
ease
pull
this
thor
nou
tof
my
foot
.’F
goho
be
˙ ni-a
ibe
be-a
i,ti
ma
fai
mi
hısi
kasi
naga
nna
va
˙ lide
nna
ke.
goho
be
˙ niai
bebe
aitim
afa
im
ihı
sika
sina
gann
ava
˙ lide
nna
kego
ing
hesa
idth
eysa
ybr
othe
rsa
ying
self
info
othe
rebe
ing
thor
nto
tear
off
knif
eto
give
sayi
ngV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
QPA
RT
CPR
ON
NO
UN
AD
VV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BA
BS.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
NO
M.
INT
.A
TT
R.
LO
C.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
RS.
NO
M.
INF.
NO
M.
INF.
AB
S.
Hav
ing
gone
(the
re),
hesa
id,
‘bro
ther
,co
uld
you
plea
segi
vem
ea
knif
efo
rcu
tting
out
the
thor
n(s)
from
my
foot
.’
24 Texts with interlinear analysis
43 M⟨b
unı
ma,
c ena
bune
fi
c eve
bebe
va
˙ li
c aku
tu
˙ de
c
net_
eve
c ehe
nbe
beka
c iras
das_
eve.
⟩bu
nım
aen
abu
nefi
eve
bebe
va
˙ liaku
tun
˙ dek
net
eve
ehe
nbe
beka
iras
das
eve
said
whe
nhe
said
they
say
brot
her
akn
ife
apo
int
ther
eis
not
sayi
ngth
atw
aybr
othe
rto
near
togo
sayi
ngV
ER
BN
OU
NPP
RO
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.S
G.
NO
M.
PT.I
.3SG
.E
XT
.N
OM
.SG
.O
BL
.SG
.IN
DE
F.N
OM
.SG
.IN
DE
F.PR
S.3S
G.
INT
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.S
G.
OB
L.S
G.
DA
T.S
G.
INF.
INT
.
Whe
nhe
said
(so)
,he
(the
craf
tsm
an)
said
:‘(
Eld
er)
brot
her,
(my)
knif
eha
sno
poin
t,go
toan
othe
rbr
othe
r(l
it."o
fth
atw
ay")
.F
be
˙ nabe
˙ ni-a
i,ti
ma
va
˙ leki
-as,
tun
˙ da
c
net-
-ai,
ebe
beek
ahi
be
˙ nann
ake
.be
˙ nabe
˙ niai
tima
va
˙ leki
astu
n
˙ dak
net
aie
bebe
ekah
ibe
˙ nann
ake
sayi
nghe
said
they
say
self
atkn
ife
yet
poin
tth
ere
isno
tsa
ying
that
brot
her
toge
ther
with
tota
lksa
ying
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPR
ON
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
B
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.A
TT
R.
LO
C.I
ND
EF.
MO
D.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
PRS.
3SG
.E
XT
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
LO
C.
INF.
AB
S.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o),
(tha
ton
e)sa
id,
‘bro
ther
,m
ykn
ife
has
nopo
int,
talk
toth
atbr
othe
r.’
44 Fbe
˙ naeb
age-
ai.
be
˙ naeb
age
aisa
ying
hew
ent
they
say
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.
(At
his)
sayi
ngso
,(t
hef.
-bir
d)w
ent
away
(aga
in).
45 M⟨m
ihe
nhi
ga
c i
c ekak
uve
ska
sina
ga
c inu
dinı
ma
vara
sde
rave
gen
kura
neka
me
c
neti
gen⟩
mi
hen
hing
aiek
aku
ves
kasi
naga
inu
dinı
ma
vara
sde
rave
gen
kura
neka
mek
netig
enth
isw
ayw
alki
ngon
eev
enth
orn
taki
ngof
fno
tgi
ven
whe
nve
ryw
eak
beco
min
ggo
ing
todo
ath
ing
not
bein
gpr
esen
tD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BC
AR
DPA
RT
CN
OU
NV
ER
BPA
RT
CV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NA
DJ
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
AT
TR
.O
BL
.SG
.A
BS.
OB
L.S
G.I
ND
EF.
MO
D.
NO
M.S
G.
AB
S.N
EG
.PA
RT
.PT
.O
BL
.SG
.D
AT
.SG
.PR
ED
.A
BS.
III
PAR
T.F
UT
.N
OM
.SG
.IN
DE
F.A
BS.
III
Wal
king
arou
ndlik
eth
isan
dha
ving
beco
me
very
wea
kaf
ter
noon
eco
uld
help
him
toge
tof
fth
eth
orns
,th
ere
was
noth
ing
heco
uld
do,
45a
M⟨r
omun
rom
ungo
snu
kum
evun
ı
c atir
im
a
c cas_
eve.
⟩ro
mun
rom
ungo
snu
kum
evun
ıat
iri
mac
cas
eve
cryi
ngcr
ying
goin
gw
here
hear
rive
dat
was
beac
hup
onth
eysa
yV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
RG
RN
D.
RG
RN
D.
AB
S.PA
RT
.PT
.PO
T.+
FOC
.O
BL
.SG
.D
AT
.SG
.E
XT
.
and
afte
rru
nnin
gar
ound
cryi
ngan
dcr
ying
,he
fina
llyar
rive
dup
onth
ebe
ach.
25T1 Findana bon ˙dana
46 M⟨c e
taga
c iro
nuva
san
deti
n
c anhe
nun
ti
c b_ev
e.⟩
eta
gai
ronu
vasa
nde
tinan
henu
ntib
iev
eth
atin
plac
ero
petw
istin
gtw
oth
ree
wom
enw
ere
they
say
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
CA
RD
CA
RD
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AT
TR
.L
OC
.SG
.N
OM
.SG
.PA
RT
.PR
S.A
TT
R.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.PL
.PT
.3PL
.E
XT
.
At
that
plac
e,th
ere
wer
etw
oor
thre
ew
omen
twis
ting
rope
s.
46a
M⟨d
en
c eta
nas
gos
fida
nfu
˙ lubu
nefi
c eve.
⟩de
ne
tana
sgo
sfi
ndan
fu
˙ lubu
nefi
eve
then
that
topl
ace
goin
gf.
-bir
dsa
idth
eysa
yA
DV
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
TE
MP.
AT
TR
.D
AT
.SG
.A
BS.
NO
M.S
G.
PT.I
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Hav
ing
gone
toth
atpl
ace,
the
f.-b
ird
said
:
46b
M⟨d
a
c ita
da
c ita
c e,ti
man
gefa
c iga
mih
ira
kasi
naga
c idı
bala
s_ev
e.⟩
daita
daita
etim
ange
faig
am
ihir
aka
sina
gai
dıba
las
eve
lady
lady
sayi
ngow
n’s
info
otth
ishe
reth
orn
taki
ngof
fgi
ving
tolo
oksa
ying
NO
UN
NO
UN
QPA
RT
CPR
ON
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
NO
M.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.
INT
.G
EN
.SG
.L
OC
.SG
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.S
G.
AB
S.A
BS.
INF.
INT
.
‘Lad
y,la
dy,
plea
sepu
llth
isth
orn
out
off
my
foot
.’
46c
M⟨b
unı
ma
bune
fi
c eve
da
c ita
va
˙ li
c aku,
tu
˙ de
c
net_
eve
c eda
da
c ita
ka
c iric as
das_
eve.
⟩bu
nım
abu
nefi
eve
daita
va
˙ liaku
tun
˙ dek
net
eve
eda
daita
kair
ias
das
eve
said
whe
nsa
idth
eysa
yla
dya
knif
ea
poin
tth
ere
isno
tsa
ying
that
sist
erto
near
togo
sayi
ngV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.S
G.
PT.I
.3SG
.E
XT
.O
BL
.SG
.O
BL
.SG
.IN
DE
F.N
OM
.SG
.IN
DE
F.PR
S.3S
G.
INT
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.S
G.
DA
T.S
G.
INF.
INT
.
Whe
nhe
said
so,
she
said
,‘m
ykn
ife
has
nopo
int,
goto
that
lady
.’
26 Texts with interlinear analysis
47 M⟨b
unı
ma
gos
bune
fi_
eda
c ita
c em
age
fa
c iga
c im
ihir
aka
sina
ga
c idı
bala
s_ev
e.⟩
bunı
ma
gos
bune
fıe
daita
em
age
faig
aim
ihir
aka
sina
gai
dıba
las
eve
said
whe
ngo
ing
wha
the
said
was
they
say
sist
ersa
ying
my
info
otth
isth
orn
taki
ngof
fgi
ving
tolo
oksa
ying
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
PPR
ON
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.S
G.
AB
S.PA
RT
.PT
.I+
FOC
.E
XT
.N
OM
.SG
.IN
T.
GE
N.
LO
C.S
G.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.SG
.A
BS.
AB
S.IN
F.IN
T.
Whe
nsh
esa
idso
,go
ing
(the
re)
hesa
id,
‘(el
der)
sist
er,
plea
sepu
llth
isth
orn
out
ofm
yfo
ot.’
Fgo
ho,
ebe
beek
ahi
be
˙ ni-a
i,ti
ma
fai
mi
hısi
kasi
naga
nna
va
˙ lide
nna
ke.
goho
ebe
beek
ahi
be
˙ niai
tima
fai
mi
hısi
kasi
naga
nna
va
˙ lide
nna
kego
ing
that
brot
her
tohe
said
they
say
self
info
othe
rebe
ing
thor
nto
tear
off
knif
eto
give
sayi
ngV
ER
BD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PRO
NN
OU
NA
DV
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
AB
S.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
LO
C.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
AT
TR
.L
OC
.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PR
S.N
OM
.IN
F.N
OM
.IN
F.A
BS.
Hav
ing
gone
(the
re),
hesa
idto
that
brot
her,
‘cou
ldyo
upl
ease
give
me
akn
ife
for
cutti
ngou
tth
eth
orn(
s)fr
omm
yfo
ot.’
48 M⟨b
unum
unm
ida
c ita,
fida
nfu
˙ lufac in
kasi
naga
c idı
fic ev
e.⟩
bunu
mun
mi
daita
find
anfu
˙ lufa
inka
sina
gai
dıfi
eve
sayi
ngth
isla
dyf.
-bir
dfr
omfo
otth
orn
taki
ngof
fga
veth
eysa
yV
ER
BD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
GR
ND
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.S
G.
OB
L.S
G.
AB
L.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.
AB
S.PT
.I.3
SG.
EX
T.
At
his
sayi
ngso
,th
isla
dyto
okof
fth
eth
orn
from
the
f.-b
ird’
sfo
otfo
rhi
m.
Fbe
˙ nade
refi
-ai.
be
˙ nade
refi
aisa
ying
hega
veth
eysa
yV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.PT
.I.3
SG.
EX
T.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o),
(tha
ton
e)ga
ve(i
tto
him
).
27T1 Findana bon ˙dana
49 M⟨d
enfi
danf
u
˙ luvı
c ufal
ungo
s
c atir
im
atıg
a
c ihu
riru
ke
c geda
suga
c i
c ideg
enm
ihe
n
c eba
kiya
c eve.
⟩de
nfi
ndan
fu
˙ luvı
ufal
ungo
sat
iri
mat
ıgai
huri
ruke
gge
dasu
gai
inde
gen
mi
hen
eba
kia
eve
then
f.-b
ird
wha
the
beca
me
was
bylu
ckgo
ing
beac
hup
onbe
ing
ofa
palm
tree
unde
rsi
tting
this
way
ther
esp
eaki
ngth
eysa
yA
DV
NO
UN
VE
RB
AD
JV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BD
PRO
NN
OU
NA
DV
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
TE
MP.
OB
L.S
G.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.A
BL
.SG
.A
BS.
OB
L.S
G.
LO
C.S
G.
PAR
T.P
T.
GE
N.S
G.
LO
C.S
G.
AB
S.II
IA
TT
R.
OB
L.S
G.
LO
C.
AB
S.E
XT
.
The
n,th
ef.
-bir
d,af
ter
happ
ilygo
ing
away
and
sitti
ngdo
wn
unde
ra
palm
tree
whi
chst
ood
onth
ebe
ach,
spok
eth
efo
llow
ing
(wor
ds):
Ade
ngo
vam
unde
mem
unfe
ruka
lege
ekah
a
c
gos,
kasi
ena
guva
gen
kina
raas
seri
a
c
gos,
inde
mi
kenı
:de
ngo
vam
unde
mem
unfe
ruka
lege
ekah
asgo
ska
sie
nagu
vage
nki
nara
asse
rias
gos
inde
mi
kenı
then
cryi
ngpu
lling
him
self
wea
ver
pers
on’s
near
togo
ing
the
thor
nha
ving
torn
out
edge
tosh
ore
goin
gsi
tting
now
itsa
ysA
DV
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
AD
VV
ER
B
TE
MP.
GR
ND
.G
RN
D.
OB
L.
GE
N.
DA
T.
AB
S.N
OM
.DE
F.A
BS.
III
OB
L.
DA
T.
AB
S.A
BS.
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
The
n(a
gain
),by
cryi
ngan
dcr
awlin
ghe
mov
edhi
mse
lfto
the
wea
ver’
s,(a
nd)
havi
nggo
thi
mto
tear
the
thor
nou
t,he
wen
tto
the
shor
e,sa
tdo
wn
and
said
,F
dinu
mm
a,va
˙ lihi
fan
goho
,ru
kka
˙ nom
atte
inde
kasi
nege
ge.
dinu
mm
ava
˙ lihi
fan
goho
rukk
a
˙ nom
atte
inde
kasi
nege
gegi
ving
whe
nkn
ife
gras
ping
goin
gtr
eetr
unk
upon
sitti
ngth
orn
itw
aspu
lled
out
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
OB
L.
LO
C.
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
OB
L.
LO
C.
AB
S.N
OM
.PT
.IV
.3SG
.
Aft
erha
ving
been
give
nth
ekn
ife
and
havi
ngta
ken
(it)
,he
wen
tof
fan
dfi
nally
hew
asab
leto
pull
out
the
thor
n(w
hile
)si
tting
onth
e(c
ocon
ut)
tree
trun
k.
50 M⟨"
ran
fos
˙ tec
lac ga
˙ le,
ma
inm
agas
lac ga
˙ lera
nfo
s˙ te
cla
c gale
."⟩
ran
fo
˙ t˙ tek
lagg
a-u
˙ lem
ain
mag
asla
gga-
u
˙ lera
nfo
˙ t˙ tek
lagg
a-u
˙ lego
lda
box
let
floa
tas
hore
Isi
tting
toro
adle
tfl
oat
asho
rego
lda
box
let
floa
tas
hore
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
PPR
ON
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
OB
L.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.+
IMPV
.2SG
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.D
AT
.SG
.A
BS.
+IM
PV.2
SG.
OB
L.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.+
IMPV
.2SG
.
‘Let
ago
lden
box
floa
tas
hore
,le
tit
floa
tas
hore
toth
epl
ace
(lit.
"roa
d")
whe
reI
amsi
tting
,le
ta
gold
enbo
xfl
oat
asho
re.’
A‘e
gefa
˙ n
˙ na
c
la
c
nive
n
˙ de,
afag
efa
˙ n
˙ na
c
lav
ven
˙ de.’
ege
fa
˙ n
˙ nas
lak
nive
n
˙ deaf
age
fa
˙ n
˙ nas
lak
ven
˙ deth
atho
use
tobe
ach
floa
ting
asho
reno
tbe
our
tobe
ach
floa
ting
asho
rebe
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
??PA
RT
CV
ER
BPP
RO
NN
OU
N??
VE
RB
AT
TR
.G
EN
.D
AT
.??
NE
G.
IMPV
.2SG
.G
EN
.D
AT
.??
IMPV
.2SG
.
‘(W
hate
ver
ther
eis
,)m
ayit
not
floa
tas
hore
toth
ebe
ach
ofth
atho
use
but
may
itfl
oat
asho
reto
the
beac
hof
our
hous
e!’
F‘m
ike
nı,
tage
fa
˙ n
˙ na
c
to,
ma
gefa
˙ n
˙ na
c
to,
lak-
kera
nıka
kage
fa
˙ n
˙ na
c
to?’
mi
kenı
tage
fa
˙ n
˙ nas
tom
age
fa
˙ n
˙ nas
tola
k-ke
ranı
kaka
gefa
˙ n
˙ nas
tono
ww
hat
hesa
ysis
your
ofho
use
tobe
ach
way
whe
ther
my
hous
eto
beac
hw
ayw
heth
erw
here
itfl
oats
isw
hose
ofho
use
tobe
ach
way
aski
ngA
DV
VE
RB
PPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
IPA
RT
CPP
RO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NIP
AR
TC
VE
RB
IPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
IPA
RT
C
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
OB
L.
GE
N.
DA
T.
CO
NJ.
OB
L.
GE
N.
DA
T.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
OB
L.
GE
N.
DA
T.
The
nhe
said
,‘(
will
itfl
oat)
toth
ebe
ach
ofyo
urho
use,
(will
itfl
oat)
toth
ebe
ach
ofm
yho
use,
toth
ebe
ach
ofw
hose
hous
ew
illit
floa
t?’
28 Texts with interlinear analysis
50a
Fm
aim
mag
a
c
lagg
a
˙ le,
ran
fo
˙ t
˙ te
c
lagg
a
˙ le!
*m
ain
mag
asla
gga-
u
˙ lera
nfo
˙ t˙ tek
lagg
a-u
˙ leI
sitti
ngto
road
itm
ayfl
oat
asho
re(?
)go
lda
box
itm
ayfl
oat
asho
re(?
)PP
RO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
B
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
RS.
DA
T.
(M!)
AB
S.+
IMPV
.2SG
.(M
!)O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.(M
!)A
BS.
+IM
PV.2
SG.
(M!)
‘May
itfl
oat
asho
reto
the
plac
e(l
it."r
oad"
)w
here
Iam
sitti
ng,
may
ago
ldbo
xfl
oat
asho
re(h
ere)
.’
50b
F‘e
imm
aga
c
nula
gga
˙ lera
nfo
˙ t
˙ te
c
lagg
a
˙ le!’
*e
inm
agas
nula
gga-
u
˙ lera
nfo
˙ t˙ tek
lagg
a-u
˙ leth
aton
esi
tting
tost
reet
not
itm
ayfl
oat
asho
rego
lda
box
itm
ayfl
oat
asho
reD
PRO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NPA
RT
CV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
B
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
RS.
DA
T.
(M!)
NE
G.
(M!)
AB
S.+
IMPV
.2SG
.(M
!)O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.(M
!)A
BS.
+IM
PV.2
SG.
(M!)
‘May
itno
tfl
oat
asho
reto
the
plac
e(l
it."r
oad"
)w
here
that
one
issi
tting
,m
aya
gold
box
floa
tas
hore
.’
51 M⟨m
ihe
nki
yaki
yac in
dafo
s˙ te
cc oy
ac an
nata
nfe
nic je
c eve.
⟩m
ihe
nki
aki
ain
dafo
˙ t˙ tek
oia
anna
tan
feni
jjeev
eth
isw
aysp
eaki
ngsp
eaki
ngsi
tting
abo
xcu
rren
tw
ithco
min
gpl
ace
appe
ared
they
say
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
CO
NJ
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AT
TR
.O
BL
.SG
.R
AB
S.R
AB
S.A
BS.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
OB
L.S
G.
SOC
.PA
RT
.PR
S.O
BL
.SG
.PT
.IV
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Whe
nhe
was
sitti
ngth
ere,
talk
ing
and
talk
ing
like
this
,a
box
appe
ared
atth
epl
ace,
com
ing
with
the
curr
ent.
Ake
vele
ila
c
vıfe
siga
n
˙ da
c .ke
vele
ila
kvı
fesi
gan
˙ dak
said
whi
lefl
oatin
gas
hore
wha
tbe
cam
ea
box
VE
RB
NO
UN
??V
ER
BN
OU
N
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
??PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
Whe
nhe
said
(so)
,a
box
cam
efl
oatin
gas
hore
.F
kenn
aga
tum
ma
fesa
c
lak-
kolli
-ai.
kenn
aga
tun
ma
fesa
kla
k-ko
lliai
tosp
eak
getti
ngw
hen
abo
xfl
oate
das
hore
they
say
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
INF.
OB
L.
LO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PT.I
I.3S
G.
EX
T.
Aft
erhe
had
fini
shed
sayi
ngso
,a
box
cam
efl
oatin
gas
hore
(to
him
).
29T1 Findana bon ˙dana
52 M⟨v
aras
c ufal
un
c inda
c a
c isle
c gım
afo
siba
lali
c iru
ta
˙ luda
˙ dive
shu
rıja
hafa
c eve.
⟩va
ras
ufal
unin
daai
sle
ggı
ma
fosi
bala
liir
uta
˙ luda
n
˙ dive
shu
rıja
hafa
eve
very
happ
ilysi
tting
com
ing
floa
ted
whe
nbo
xlo
oked
time
key
even
bein
ghi
tting
they
say
NO
UN
AD
JV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NPA
RT
CV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
DA
T.S
G.
AB
L.S
G.
AB
S.A
BS.
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.
PAR
T.P
T.I
IO
BL
.SG
.N
OM
.SG
.M
OD
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
AB
S.E
XT
.
Whe
nhe
look
edat
the
box
afte
rit
had
com
efl
oatin
gas
hore
whi
lehe
was
sitti
ng(t
here
)ve
ryha
ppily
,(h
ere
alis
edth
at)
even
the
key
was
fixe
d(t
oit.
)
53 M⟨f
osi
hu
˙ luva
li
c iru,
bo
˙ dura
nfo
c˙ te
k_ev
e.hu
rı
c eki
va
c taru
va
c taru
gera
n_ev
e.⟩
fosi
hu
˙ luva
liir
ubo
˙ dura
nfo
˙ t˙ tek
eve
hurı
eki
vatta
ruva
ttaru
gera
nev
ebo
xop
ened
time
big
gold
abo
xth
eysa
yw
hat
was
isto
geth
erfo
rmof
form
gold
they
say
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
AD
JN
OU
NN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
VE
RB
AD
VN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
NO
M.S
G.
PAR
T.P
T.I
IO
BL
.SG
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
EX
T.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.M
OD
.O
BL
.SG
.G
EN
.SG
.N
OM
.SG
.E
XT
.
Whe
nhe
shoo
kth
ebo
x,it
was
abi
ggo
lden
box.
The
rew
asgo
ldal
lab
out.
Ahu
˙ luva
ibe
liko
,fe
siga
n
˙ diti
bıhu
sra
nve
li.hu
˙ luva
ibe
liko
fesi
gan
˙ ditib
ıhu
sra
mve
liop
enin
glo
oked
whe
nin
box
wha
tw
asis
empt
ygo
ldsa
ndV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BA
DJ
NO
UN
NO
UN
AB
S.PA
RT
.PT
.O
BL
.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.N
OM
.
Whe
nhe
open
edit
and
look
edin
side
,pu
re(l
it."e
mpt
y")
gold
ensa
ndw
asin
the
box.
54 M⟨d
enra
nta
c
min
anve
gen
na˙ li
c ec
bala
diya
c ı,fi
danf
u˙ lu
gebe
bebo
˙ danf
u˙ lu
gege
yas_
eve.
⟩de
nra
ntak
min
anve
gen
na
˙ liek
bala
diaı
find
anfu
˙ luge
bebe
bon
˙ danf
u
˙ luge
geas
eve
then
gold
mea
suri
ngin
orde
ra
vess
ello
okin
gw
here
hew
ent
was
f.-b
ird’
sbr
othe
rb.
-bir
d’s
toho
use
they
say
AD
VN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
TE
MP.
NO
M.P
L.
(!)
INF.
AB
S.II
IN
OM
.SG
.IN
DE
F.A
BS.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.G
EN
.SG
.O
BL
.SG
.G
EN
.SG
.D
AT
.SG
.E
XT
.
The
n,lo
okin
gfo
ra
vess
elto
mea
sure
the
gold
,he
wen
tto
the
hous
eof
the
b.-b
ird,
the
f.-b
ird’
s(e
lder
)br
othe
r.A
vıuf
alun
,na
gai,
kon
˙ da
c
lage
ngo
s,ge
bahi
suva
i,m
ina
c
gei
bon
˙ dana
ge
c
na
˙ liho
da
c .vı
ufal
unna
gai
kon
˙ das
lage
ngo
sge
bahi
suva
im
inas
gei
bon
˙ dana
ges
/gea
s/na
˙ liho
das
beco
me
bylu
cklif
ting
tosh
ould
erla
ying
goin
gin
hous
est
orin
gto
mea
sure
whe
rehe
wen
tw
asth
eb.
-bir
dto
hous
en.
-mea
sure
tolo
okfo
rV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BPA
RT
.PT
.A
BL
.A
BS.
DA
T.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
LO
C.
AB
S.IN
F.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.O
BL
.DE
F.D
AT
.N
OM
.IN
F.
Hav
ing
been
luck
yth
at(t
his)
had
happ
ened
,he
lifte
dit
and
laid
iton
(his
)sh
ould
er,
and
havi
ngst
ored
itat
hom
e,he
wen
tto
the
b.-b
ird’
sho
use
inor
der
tose
arch
for
ana
˙ li(m
easu
re)
tow
eigh
it.F
lak-
kera
mm
afi
ndan
uhe
dıva
˙ dam
akı
fesi
naga
kon
˙ dela
nge
saeb
age-
ai.
lak-
kera
nm
afi
ndan
uhe
dıva
˙ dam
akı
fesi
naga
kon
˙ dela
gen
gesa
ebag
eai
floa
ted
asho
rew
hen
f.-b
ird
done
am
anne
rw
asbo
xta
king
upon
shou
lder
layi
ngto
hous
ehe
wen
tth
eysa
yV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
+FO
C.
NO
M.
AB
S.L
OC
.A
BS.
III
DA
T.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
Whe
nit
cam
efl
oatin
gas
hore
,th
ef.
-bir
dlif
ted
the
box,
laid
iton
his
shou
lder
and
wen
tto
his
hous
e.
30 Texts with interlinear analysis
54a
Fge
sago
ho,
mat
ihe
lıka
lm
ıra
nfe
sak-
ai.
gesa
goho
mat
ihe
lıka
lm
ıra
nfe
sak
aito
hous
ego
ing
cove
rtu
rnin
gtim
ew
hat
this
was
isgo
lda
box
they
say
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
DA
T.
AB
S.N
OM
.PA
RT
.PT
.O
BL
.N
OM
.+FO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
EX
T.
Whe
nhe
had
gone
hom
ean
dlif
ted
itslid
,it
turn
edou
tto
bea
box
ofgo
ld(l
it."g
old
box"
).F
mıe
fura
mi
hısı
ran-
ai.
mıe
fura
mi
hısı
ran
aiin
this
filli
nghe
rew
hat
was
bein
gw
asgo
ldth
eysa
yD
PRO
NV
ER
BA
DV
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
LO
C.
AB
S.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.N
OM
.E
XT
.
Ittu
rned
out
tobe
fille
dw
ithgo
ld.
54b
Fhi
suve
lai
bon
˙ danu
safe
˙ nuva
li-ai
na
˙ lihu
vann
a.hi
suve
lai
bon
˙ danu
safe
˙ nuva
liai
na
˙ lihu
vann
abe
ing
attim
eto
b.-b
ird
hese
ntth
eysa
yn.
-ves
sel
tose
arch
for
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NV
ER
B
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
DA
T.
PT.I
I.3S
G.
EX
T.
NO
M.
INF.
At
that
time,
hese
nt(s
omeo
ne)
toth
eb.
-bir
din
orde
rto
ask
for
ana
˙ li-v
esse
l.
55 Age
ko,
bon
˙ dana
geak
ine
c .ge
kobo
n
˙ dana
geak
ine
tw
ent
whe
nth
eb.
-bir
dat
hom
eis
not
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.
NO
M.D
EF.
LO
C.I
ND
EF.
PRS.
3SG
.
Whe
nhe
wen
tth
ere,
the
b.-b
ird
was
not
atho
me.
56 Abo
n
˙ dana
gean
henu
nin
ı.bo
n
˙ dana
gean
henu
nin
ıof
the
b.-b
ird
wif
eis
sitti
ngN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
B
GE
N.D
EF.
NO
M.P
L.(
HO
N.)
PAR
T.P
T.
(But
)th
eb.
-bir
d’s
wif
ew
assi
tting
(the
re).
31T1 Findana bon ˙dana
57 Afi
ndan
abe
˙ nı,
mi
aına
˙ liho
da
c .fi
ndan
abe
˙ nım
iaı
na
˙ liho
das
the
f.-b
ird
said
here
wha
tI
have
com
efo
ris
n.-m
easu
reto
look
for
NO
UN
VE
RB
AD
VV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
B
OB
L.D
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.
INF.
The
f.-b
ird
said
,‘I
have
com
eto
look
for
ana
˙ lim
easu
re.’
Ffe
num
ma,
miu
sana
˙ lide
refi
-ai.
fenu
mm
am
iusa
na
˙ lide
refi
aiap
pear
ing
whe
nto
this
one
n.-v
esse
lhe
gave
they
say
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
OB
L.
LO
C.
DA
T.
NO
M.
PT.I
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Whe
n(t
heon
ehe
had
sent
)ap
pear
ed(t
here
),(t
heb.
-bir
d)ga
vehi
mth
ena
˙ li.
M⟨g
osfa
c ibu
nefi
c eve.
bebe
na
˙ lidı
bala
s_ev
e.⟩
gosf
aibu
nefi
eve
bebe
na
˙ lidı
bala
sev
eH
avin
ggo
nesa
idth
eysa
ybr
othe
rve
ssel
givi
ngto
look
sayi
ngV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.I
PT.I
.3SG
.E
XT
.N
OM
.SG
.N
OM
.SG
.A
BS.
INF.
INT
.
Hav
ing
gone
ther
e,he
said
,‘b
roth
er,
plea
segi
vem
ea
mea
suri
ngve
ssel
.
57a
M⟨c e
c ıkı
c
kura
nto
c ehum
un,
c e
c ce
c
min
elas
_e
bune
na
˙ li
c atul
a
c igen
higa
c je
c eve.
⟩eı
kık
kura
nto
ehum
unec
cek
min
elas
ebu
nena
˙ liat
ulai
gen
hing
ajje
eve
this
isw
hat
todo
whe
ther
aski
nga
thin
gto
mea
sure
sayi
ngsa
ying
vess
elta
king
wen
tof
fth
eysa
yD
PRO
NIP
RO
NV
ER
BIP
AR
TC
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
M.+
FOC
.N
OM
.IN
F.IN
T.
GR
ND
.N
OM
.SG
.IN
F.II
INT
.A
BS.
NO
M.S
G.
AB
S.II
IPT
.IV
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Whe
n(t
heb.
-bir
d)as
ked,
‘wha
tdo
(you
need
it)fo
r?’,
hesa
id,
‘for
mea
suri
ngso
met
hing
’an
dw
ent
off,
taki
ngth
eve
ssel
.
58 Abe
˙ nim
ei,
na
˙ lidi
nko
,m
idi
nım
iai
eter
eta
llaka
hale
iet
ta
c
lafe
i.be
˙ nim
eina
˙ lidi
nko
mi
dinı
mia
iet
ere
talla
kaha
lei
etta
kla
fei
said
whe
nn.
-mea
sure
give
nw
hen
now
the
way
she
gave
was
ofth
isin
side
tost
ick
ofso
rtso
met
hing
layi
ngV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NA
DV
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.G
EN
.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PR
S.G
EN
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.A
BS.
I
At
his
sayi
ng(s
o),
whe
nsh
ega
vehi
mth
ena
˙ li,
she
gave
itto
him
afte
rst
icki
ngso
met
hing
insi
deof
it.
32 Texts with interlinear analysis
59 M⟨r
anm
ine
c avad
ive
gen
na
˙ lige
ndiy
a
c ına
˙ lıga
c ihu
rilo
va
˙ laka
sra
nko
˙ le
c
jaha
fa
c eve.
⟩ra
nm
ine
avad
ive
gen
na
˙ lige
ndia
ına
˙ lıgai
huri
lova
˙ laka
sra
nko
˙ lek
jaha
faev
ego
ldm
easu
ring
fini
shed
beco
min
gve
ssel
how
heto
okaw
ayw
asin
vess
elbe
ing
toa
hole
gold
api
ece
havi
ngle
ftth
eysa
yN
OU
NV
ER
BA
DJ
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OM
.SG
.A
BS.
PRE
D.
AB
S.II
IN
OM
.SG
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
LO
C.S
G.
PAR
T.P
RS.
DA
T.S
G.I
ND
EF.
OB
L.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.I
EX
T.
Aft
erhe
had
fini
shed
mea
suri
ngth
ego
ld,
heto
okit
back
,(w
ith)
api
ece
ofgo
ldha
ving
been
left
ina
hole
whi
chw
asin
the
vess
el.
Afi
ndan
ago
s,ra
mve
lim
inag
enam
bara
ina
˙ lide
refi
.fi
ndan
ago
sra
nve
lim
inag
enam
bara
ina
˙ lide
refi
the
f.-b
ird
goin
ggo
ldsa
ndm
easu
ring
turn
ing
n.-m
easu
rehe
gave
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
M.D
EF.
AB
S.O
BL
.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
AB
S.N
OM
.PT
.I.3
SG.
The
f.-b
ird
wen
t(o
ffan
d),
afte
rm
easu
ring
the
gold
sand
,he
retu
rned
the
na
˙ li-m
easu
re.
Fna
˙ lidi
num
ma,
goho
,ra
nm
ineg
enna
˙ liefu
˙ lehı
siba
leki
eter
era
nke
˙ da
c
jaha
gen
ebag
e-ai
.na
˙ lidi
num
ma
goho
ran
min
egen
na
˙ liefu
˙ lehı
siba
leki
eter
era
nke
˙ dak
jaha
gen
ebag
eai
n.-v
esse
lgi
ving
whe
ngo
ing
gold
mea
suri
ngof
n-ve
ssel
inbo
ttom
bein
gin
aho
lew
ithin
gold
api
ece
hitti
nghe
wen
tth
eysa
yN
OU
NV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
M.
OB
L.
LO
C.
AB
S.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
GE
N.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.I
ND
EF.
LO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.II
IPT
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Aft
erbe
ing
give
nth
ena
˙ li,
hew
ent
(bac
k);
and
leav
ing
api
ece
ofgo
ldin
aho
lew
hich
was
atth
ebo
ttom
ofth
ena
˙ liw
hen
mea
suri
ngth
ego
ld,
(the
f.-b
ird)
wen
tba
ck.
60 M⟨g
engo
sna
˙ lidi
nım
ana
˙ liba
lala
fa
c ira
nko
˙ lufe
nige
n,bu
nefi
c eve.
⟩ge
ngos
na˙ li
dinı
ma
na˙ li
bala
lafa
ira
nko
˙ lufe
nige
nbu
nefi
eve
havi
ngbr
ough
tn.
-ves
sel
gave
whe
nve
ssel
havi
ngin
spec
ted
gold
piec
eap
pear
ing
said
they
say
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CA
BS.
NO
M.S
G.
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.
AB
S.II
+I
OB
L.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.
AB
S.II
IPT
.I.3
SG.
EX
T.
Whe
nhe
retu
rned
the
vess
elaf
ter
havi
ngbr
ough
t(i
tba
ck),
(the
b.-b
ird)
said
whe
nhe
insp
ecte
dit
and
the
piec
eof
gold
appe
ared
:A
bon
˙ dana
anhe
nun
na
˙ libe
liko
,ea
iet
ere
tibı
ram
veli
talla
fei.
bon
˙ dana
anhe
nun
na
˙ libe
liko
eai
eter
etib
ıra
nve
lita
llafe
ith
eb.
-bir
dw
ife
n.-m
easu
relo
oked
whe
nof
that
insi
dew
hat
was
was
gold
sand
stic
king
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
OB
L.D
EF.
OB
L.P
L.(
HO
N.)
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.
GE
N.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.O
BL
.N
OM
.A
BS.
Whe
nth
eb.
-bir
d’s
wif
ein
spec
ted
the
na
˙ li-m
easu
re,
she
foun
dgo
ldsa
ndst
icki
ng(i
nsid
e).
61 Abo
n
˙ dana
geu
am
ei,
eage
anhe
nun
kefi
,ta
gera
hum
atte
rifi
ndan
aad
am
ige
c
na
˙ liho
dage
ngo
s,m
inı
ram
veli-
au.
bon
˙ dana
geas
am
eiea
gean
henu
nke
fita
gera
hum
atte
rifi
ndan
aad
am
ige
sna
˙ liho
dage
ngo
sm
inı
ran
veli-
auth
eb.
-bir
dto
hous
eco
me
whe
nth
aton
e’s
wif
esa
idyo
urfr
iend
the
f.-b
ird
toda
yth
isto
hous
en.
seek
ing
goin
gw
hat
hem
easu
red
was
gold
sand
sayi
ngN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BPP
RO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NA
DV
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
QPA
RT
CO
BL
.DE
F.D
AT
.PA
RT
.PT
.L
OC
.G
EN
.O
BL
.PL
.(H
ON
.)PA
RT
.PT
.G
EN
.O
BL
.O
BL
.DE
F.T
EM
P.A
TT
R.
DA
T.
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.O
BL
.N
OM
.E
XT
.
Whe
nth
eb.
-bir
dca
me
hom
e,hi
sw
ife
said
,‘y
our
frie
nd,
the
f.-b
ird,
havi
ngco
me
toth
isho
use
toda
yto
look
for
ana
˙ li-m
easu
re,
mea
sure
dgo
ldsa
ndw
ithit.
’
33T1 Findana bon ˙dana
61a
Ata
goss
ela
c
kei,
mı
kehe
naka
c
vıka
ma
c
toba
la
c .ta
goss
elas
kei
mı
kehe
naka
svı
kam
akto
bala
syo
upl
ease
togo
sayi
ngth
isw
hich
toa
way
com
eab
out
afa
ctas
king
tolo
okPP
RO
NV
ER
BV
ER
BD
PRO
NIP
RO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NIP
AR
TC
VE
RB
OB
L.
INF.
IIA
BS.
NO
M.+
FOC
.A
TT
R.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
INF.
She
told
him
,‘W
ould
you
(ple
ase)
goto
look
how
this
has
com
eab
out.’
62 Abe
˙ nim
ei,
bon
˙ dana
ebeg
e.be
˙ nim
eibo
n
˙ dana
ebeg
esa
idw
hen
the
b.-b
ird
wen
tof
fV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
B
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
NO
M.D
EF.
PT.I
V.3
SG.
At
her
sayi
ngso
,th
eb.
-bir
dw
ent
off.
62a
M⟨c a
c de!
c a
c de!
na
˙ lıga
c im
ihir
ıko
nra
nko
˙ le
c
he
c y_ev
e.⟩
adde
!ad
de!
na˙ lıg
aim
ihir
ıko
nra
nko
˙ lek
heyo
eve
ah!
ah!
inve
ssel
wha
tth
isis
wha
tgo
lda
piec
ew
ell
sayi
ngIN
TJ
INT
JN
OU
ND
PRO
NIP
RO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NIP
AR
TC
QPA
RT
C
==
LO
C.S
G.
NO
M.+
FOC
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
MO
D.
INT
.
‘Ah,
ah!
Wha
ta
piec
eof
gold
may
this
be,
inth
isve
ssel
?’A
den
gos
ehi
rahu
mat
teri
mit
ura,
mı
kehe
naka
c
libe
˙ nera
mve
la
c ,ta
min
agen
mi
hing
anı?
den
gos
ehi
rahu
mat
teri
mitu
ram
ıke
hena
kas
libe
˙ nera
mve
lak
tam
inag
enm
ihi
ngan
ı?th
engo
ing
aske
dfr
iend
frie
ndth
isw
hich
toa
way
rece
ived
gold
sand
you
mea
suri
nghe
rego
ing
arou
ndA
DV
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
DPR
ON
IPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
PPR
ON
VE
RB
AD
VV
ER
B
TE
MP.
AB
S.PA
RT
.PT
.(+
FOC
.)N
OM
.N
OM
.N
OM
.(+
FOC
.)A
TT
R.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
OB
L.
AB
S.II
IL
OC
.PA
RT
.PR
S.
The
n,go
ing
(the
re),
heas
ked,
‘my
frie
nd,
how
did
you
com
eac
ross
the
gold
sand
whi
chyo
uha
veju
stbe
enm
easu
ring
?’F
goho
dinu
mm
a,m
iube
˙ nanı
kont
akun
huı
rana
tta
i?go
hodi
nun
ma
miu
be
˙ nanı
kont
akun
huı
rana
kta
i?go
ing
givi
ngw
hen
this
one
wha
the
says
isfr
omw
here
whe
rew
asfo
und
isa
gold
aski
ngV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
ND
PRO
NV
ER
BIP
RO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NIP
AR
TC
AB
S.O
BL
.L
OC
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.A
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
Aft
erha
ving
gone
(the
re)
and
give
nit
(bac
k),
heas
ked,
‘whe
redi
dyo
ufi
nd(t
his)
gold
?’
34 Texts with interlinear analysis
63 M⟨f
idan
fu
˙ lubu
nefi
c eve
bebe
,ti
man
na
c e
c lalı
ma⟩
find
anfu
˙ lubu
nefi
eve
bebe
timan
ael
lalı
ma
f.-b
ird
said
they
say
brot
her
self
with
thre
ww
hen
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NPR
ON
CO
NJ
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
M.S
G.
PT.I
.3SG
.E
XT
.N
OM
.SG
.O
BL
.SG
.SO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.I
IO
BL
.SG
.
The
f.-b
ird
said
,‘(
elde
r)br
othe
r,w
hen
(you
)hu
rled
me
(aw
ay),
Afi
ndan
ake
fi,
tati
ma
ta
˙ lai
ta
˙ lafe
iel
lim
eigo
sje
he
˙ nei
ra
c
bere
kasi
kum
buru
hale
eter
efi
ndan
ake
fita
tima
ta
˙ lai
ta
˙ lafe
iel
lim
eigo
sje
he
˙ neı
ras
bere
kasi
kum
buru
hale
eter
eth
ef.
-bir
dsa
idyo
use
lfbe
atin
gbe
atin
ghu
rled
whe
ngo
ing
whe
reI
hit
was
land
outs
ide
thor
nbu
shes
ofth
icke
tin
side
NO
UN
VE
RB
PPR
ON
PRO
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
N
OB
L.D
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.I
(+FO
C.)
OB
L.
NO
M.
RA
BS.
RA
BS.
IPA
RT
.PT
.L
OC
.A
BS.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.O
BL
.L
OC
.O
BL
.O
BL
.G
EN
.L
OC
.
The
f.-b
ird
said
,‘w
hen
you
hurl
edm
eaw
ayaf
ter
beat
ing
and
beat
ing
me,
Ihi
tin
ath
icke
tof
thor
nybu
shes
outs
ide
the
land
.’F
be
˙ nabe
˙ ni-a
i,e
duva
hi,
bebe
,ti
ma
ta
˙ lafe
ellu
mm
aka
siku
mbu
ruba
leki
-ai
jehu
ni.
be
˙ nabe
˙ niai
edu
vahi
bebe
tima
ta
˙ lafe
ellu
nm
aka
siku
mbu
ruba
leki
aije
huni
.sa
ying
hesa
idth
eysa
yth
atat
day
brot
her
self
stri
king
thro
win
gw
hen
thor
nbu
shin
ath
icke
tsa
ying
whe
reI
hit
was
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NPR
ON
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
QPA
RT
CV
ER
B
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.A
TT
R.
LO
C.
NO
M.
NO
M.
AB
S.I
OB
L.
LO
C.
OB
L.
OB
L.
LO
C.I
ND
EF.
INT
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o),
(the
f.-b
ird)
said
,‘(
elde
r)br
othe
r,th
atda
yw
hen
you
stru
ckm
ean
dth
rew
me
(aw
ay),
Ihi
tin
ath
icke
tof
thor
nybu
shes
.
63a
Aje
hife
iti
ma
fai
u
˙ dum
a
c
kasa
c
van
mei
,ti
ma
dem
emun
dem
emun
gos
jehi
fei
tima
fai
u
˙ dum
aska
sak
van
mei
tima
dem
emun
dem
emun
gos
hitti
ngse
lffo
otto
heel
ath
orn
ente
red
whe
nse
lfbe
ing
pulle
dbe
ing
pulle
dgo
ing
VE
RB
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NPR
ON
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
AB
S.I
OB
L.
OB
L.
DA
T.
OB
L.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
OB
L.
RG
RN
D.
RG
RN
D.
AB
S.
‘Whe
nI
hit
(the
re),
ath
orn
pier
ced
my
heel
,(a
ndw
hen
I)m
oved
off
craw
ling
and
craw
ling,
35T1 Findana bon ˙dana
63b
M⟨c at
iri
mat
ıga
c iro
n
c ideg
en⟩
atir
im
atıg
airo
nin
dege
nbe
ach
upon
tocr
ysi
tting
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
OB
L.S
G.
LO
C.S
G.
INF.
AB
S.II
I
whe
nI
was
cryi
ng,
sitti
ngon
the
beac
h,A
feru
kale
geek
uhun
kasi
ena
guva
gen
tim
aki
nara
asse
ria
c
gos
inde
mi
kenı
:fe
ruka
lege
ekuh
unka
sie
nagu
vage
ntim
aki
nara
asse
rias
gos
inde
mi
kenı
:w
eave
rpe
rson
’sby
the
thor
nha
ving
torn
out
self
edge
tosh
ore
goin
gsi
tting
now
wha
tI
amsa
ying
isN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
AD
VV
ER
B
OB
L.
GE
N.
AB
L.
NO
M.D
EF.
AB
S.II
IO
BL
.O
BL
.D
AT
.A
BS.
AB
S.T
EM
P.PA
RT
.PR
S.(+
FOC
.)
afte
rha
ving
the
thor
nto
rnou
tby
aw
eave
r’s
pers
on,
Iw
ent
toth
esh
ore,
and
sitti
ng(t
here
),I
said
:F
jehı
gen,
eta
nen
nuku
meg
engo
hoat
ire
rukk
anna
mat
tein
dei
tim
ake
nı-a
i:je
hıge
ne
tane
nnu
kum
egen
goho
atir
eru
kkan
nam
atte
inde
itim
ake
nıai
:hi
tting
that
from
plac
ege
tting
out
goin
gof
beac
htr
eetr
unk
upon
sitti
ngse
lfw
hat
said
was
sayi
ngV
ER
BD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BPR
ON
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.II
IA
TT
R.
AB
L.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
GE
N.
OB
L.
LO
C.
AB
S.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.IN
T.
Aft
erha
ving
hit
ther
e,ha
ving
got
out
(aga
in)
from
this
plac
ean
dha
ving
gone
(aw
ay),
Isa
idto
mys
elf,
sitti
ngon
the
trun
kof
aco
conu
ttr
ee:
63c
M⟨"
ran
fos
˙ tec
lac ga
˙ le.
ma
c inm
agas
lac ga
˙ le."
⟩ra
nfo
˙ t˙ tek
lagg
a-u
˙ lem
ain
mag
asla
gga-
u
˙ lego
lda
box
let
floa
tas
hore
Isi
tting
toro
adle
tfl
oat
asho
reN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BPP
RO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
B
OB
L.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.+
IMPV
.2SG
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.D
AT
.SG
.A
BS.
+IM
PV.2
SG.
‘Let
ago
ldbo
xfl
oat
asho
re,
let
itfl
oat
asho
reto
the
beac
h(l
it."r
oad"
)w
here
Iam
sitti
ng,
let
ago
ldbo
xfl
oat
asho
re’,
A"a
fage
fa
˙ n
˙ na
c
la
c
ven
˙ dee
gefa
˙ n
˙ na
c
la
c
nive
n
˙ de!"
afag
efa
˙ n
˙ nas
lak
ven
˙ dee
gefa
˙ n
˙ nas
lak
nive
n
˙ deou
rto
beac
hfl
oatin
gas
hore
beth
atof
hous
eto
beac
hfl
oatin
gno
tbe
PPR
ON
NO
UN
??V
ER
BD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
N??
PAR
TC
VE
RB
GE
N.
DA
T.
??IM
PV.2
SG.
AT
TR
.G
EN
.D
AT
.??
NE
G.
IMPV
.2SG
.
‘(W
hate
ver
may
com
efl
oatin
gas
hore
),m
ayit
floa
tas
hore
toth
ebe
ach
ofou
rho
use,
may
itno
tfl
oat
asho
reto
the
beac
hof
that
hous
e.’
Fe
imm
aga
c
nula
gga
˙ lem
aim
mag
a
c
lagg
a
˙ lera
nfo
˙ t
˙ ta
c
lagg
a
˙ le!"
*e
inm
agas
nula
gga-
u
˙ lem
ain
mag
asla
gga-
u
˙ lera
nfo
˙ t˙ tak
lagg
a-u
˙ leth
aton
esi
tting
toro
adno
tit
may
floa
tas
hore
Isi
tting
toro
adit
may
floa
tas
hore
gold
abo
xit
may
floa
tas
hore
DPR
ON
VE
RB
NO
UN
PAR
TC
VE
RB
PPR
ON
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
OB
L.
(M!)
PAR
T.P
RS.
DA
T.
(M!)
NE
G.
(M!)
AB
S.+
IMPV
.2SG
.(M
!)O
BL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.D
AT
.(M
!)A
BS.
+IM
PV.2
SG.
(M!)
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.+
IMPV
.2SG
.(M
!)
‘May
itno
tfl
oat
asho
reto
the
beac
h(l
it."r
oad"
)w
here
that
one
issi
tting
,m
ayit
floa
tas
hore
whe
reI
amsi
tting
,m
aya
gold
box
floa
t(h
ere)
.’
36 Texts with interlinear analysis
64 M⟨m
ihe
nkı
ma
c a
c ira
nfo
s
˙ tek_
eve.
⟩m
ihe
nkı
ma
aira
nfo
˙ t˙ tek
eve
this
way
spok
ew
hen
wha
tca
me
was
gold
abo
xsa
ying
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
AT
TR
.O
BL
.SG
.PA
RT
.PT
.O
BL
.SG
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
OB
L.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
INT
.
‘whe
nI
was
talk
ing
like
this
,a
gold
box
cam
e(f
loat
ing
asho
re).
’A
me
hen
keve
lei,
la
c
vege
i-au
fesi
gan
˙ da
c .m
ehe
nke
vela
ila
kve
geı
aufe
siga
n
˙ dak
this
way
sayi
ngw
hile
floa
ting
wha
tbe
cam
ew
assa
ying
abo
xD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
N??
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
N
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.L
OC
.??
PAR
T.P
T.I
V+
FOC
.IN
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
Whe
n(I
had)
said
so,
abo
xca
me
floa
ting
asho
re.
Fm
ihe
nke
vela
ila
k-ke
˙ lafe
sak-
ai.
mi
hen
keve
lai
lak-
ke
˙ lafe
sak
aith
isw
aysa
ying
attim
ew
hat
cam
efl
oatin
gas
hore
was
abo
xsa
ying
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.IN
T.
Whe
n(I
had)
said
so,
abo
xca
me
floa
ting
asho
re.
65 M⟨b
alal
ic ir
uhu
rıra
n_ev
e.⟩
bala
liir
uhu
rıra
nev
elo
oked
time
wha
tw
asis
gold
they
say
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.S
G.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.N
OM
.SG
.IN
T.
Whe
nI
look
ed(i
nsid
e),
ther
ew
as(p
ure)
gold
(in
it).
Ahu
˙ luva
ibe
liko
,ti
bıra
mve
li-au
.hu
˙ luva
ibe
liko
tibı
ran
veli
auop
enin
glo
oked
whe
nw
hat
was
ther
ew
asgo
ldsa
ndsa
ying
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.PA
RT
.PT
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.
INT
.
Whe
n(I
)op
ened
(it)
and
look
ed(i
nsid
e),
ther
ew
asgo
ldsa
nd(i
nit)
.F
mat
ihe
lıka
ley
etı
bıra
n-ai
.m
ati
helı
kal
eye
tıbı
ran
aico
ver
turn
edtim
ein
that
bein
ggo
ldsa
ying
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
DPR
ON
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
NO
M.
INT
.
Whe
n(I
)lif
ted
the
cove
rup
,th
ere
was
gold
(in
it).
37T1 Findana bon ˙dana
66 Ade
nta
gen
na
˙ liho
dage
nas
,m
ini-
au.
den
tage
nna
˙ liho
dage
nas
min
iau
then
your
from
hous
en.
-mea
sure
look
ing
for
com
ing
mea
sure
dsa
ying
AD
VPP
RO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
TE
MP.
OB
L.
AB
L.
OB
L.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
PT.3
SG.
INT
.
The
n,ha
ving
com
eto
your
hous
eto
look
for
ana
˙ li-m
easu
re,
(I)
mea
sure
dit’
,he
said
.
67 Fe-
aim
ı.e
aim
ıth
atsa
ying
wha
tth
isis
isD
PRO
NQ
PAR
TC
DPR
ON
NO
M.
INT
.N
OM
.+FO
C.
Thi
sis
(all)
.
68 M⟨m
ihe
nbu
nefa
c i,fi
danf
u
˙ ludi
ya
c ı,ge
c as_
eve.
⟩m
ihe
nbu
nefa
ifi
ndan
fu
˙ ludi
aıge
asev
eth
isw
ayha
ving
spok
enf.
-bir
dw
here
hew
ent
was
toho
use
they
say
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
AT
TR
.O
BL
.SG
.A
BS.
IO
BL
.SG
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
DA
T.S
G.
EX
T.
Hav
ing
spok
enlik
eth
is,
the
f.-b
ird
wen
tho
me.
38 Texts with interlinear analysis
69 M⟨d
enbo
˙ danf
u
˙ lu
c amic la
c aste
˙ ligen
bo
˙ duge
mat
inku
˙ dage
mat
in,
c e
c ligen
gos
kasi
kubu
ruva
˙ las
jehi
kasi
heri
gen,
⟩de
nbo
n
˙ danf
u
˙ luam
illaa
ste
˙ ligen
bo
˙ duge
mat
inku
˙ dage
mat
inel
ligen
gos
kasi
kum
buru
va
˙ las
jehi
kasi
heri
gen
then
b.-b
ird
tohi
mse
lfst
riki
ngbi
gho
use
over
smal
lho
use
over
hurl
ing
goin
gth
orn
bush
toth
icke
thi
tth
orn
pier
cing
AD
VN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BA
DJ
NO
UN
NO
UN
AD
JN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
B
TE
MP.
NO
M.S
G.
DA
T.S
G.
AB
S.II
IA
TT
R.
OB
L.S
G.
AB
L.S
G.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.SG
.A
BL
.SG
.A
BS.
III
AB
S.O
BL
.SG
.O
BL
.SG
.D
AT
.SG
.A
BS.
NO
M.S
G.
AB
S.II
I
The
nth
eb.
-bir
d,st
riki
nghi
mse
lf,
hurl
ing
him
self
over
the
big
hous
ean
dov
erth
esm
all
hous
e,fa
lling
dow
nin
ath
icke
tof
thor
nybu
shes
,be
ing
pier
ced
byth
orns
,A
be
˙ nim
ei,
bon
˙ dana
amel
lago
s,ra
c
bere
kasi
kum
buru
hala
c
vede
,u
˙ dum
a
c
kasa
c
vadu
vage
ngo
s,be
˙ nim
eibo
n
˙ dana
amel
lago
sra
sbe
reka
siku
mbu
ruha
las
vede
u
˙ dum
aska
sak
vadu
vage
ngo
ssa
idw
hen
the
b.-b
ird
him
self
goin
gla
ndou
tsid
eth
orn
bush
esa
thic
ket
ente
ring
tohe
ela
thor
nca
usin
gto
ente
rgo
ing
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
PRO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
B
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
OB
L.D
EF.
PRE
D.
AB
S.O
BL
.L
OC
.O
BL
.O
BL
.D
AT
.A
BS.
DA
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
Aft
er(h
is)
sayi
ng(s
o),
the
b.-b
ird
wen
tof
fhi
mse
lf,
ente
red
into
ath
icke
tof
thor
nybu
shes
outs
ide
the
land
,ha
dhi
she
elpi
erce
d(b
y)a
thor
n,w
ent
onF
be
˙ nam
iuhi
taha
eri-
aiti
ma-
sm
ihe
nen
nenı
-ai.
be
˙ nam
iuhi
taha
eri
aitim
aas
mi
hen
enne
nıai
sayi
ngth
ison
e’s
tom
ind
wha
tar
ose
isth
eysa
yse
lfto
oth
isw
aysh
all
gosa
ying
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPR
ON
CO
NJ
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.O
BL
.D
AT
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
EX
T.
NO
M.
MO
D.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.PA
RT
.FU
T.
EX
T.
Aft
er(h
is)
sayi
ngso
,(t
heb.
-bir
d)m
ade
uphi
sm
ind,
‘Ish
all
golik
eth
ism
ysel
f.’
69a
Fhi
kko
ggen
amill
aen
te
˙ lıgen
ellıg
engo
ho,
hit
kogg
enam
illae
nte
˙ lıgen
ellıg
engo
hom
ind
mak
ing
byhi
mse
lfst
ruck
thro
wn
goin
gN
OU
NV
ER
BPR
ON
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IA
BL
.A
BS.
III
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
Aft
erm
akin
g(u
phi
s)m
ind
(lik
eth
is),
stri
king
him
self
,hu
rlin
ghi
mse
lf,
goin
g(l
ike
this
),
39T1 Findana bon ˙dana
69b
M⟨c at
iri
ma
c cas
nuku
me
c ideg
en,
mi
hen
gova
c eve:
⟩at
iri
mac
cas
nuku
me
inde
gen
mi
hen
gova
eve
beac
hup
ongo
ing
out
sitti
ngth
isw
aycr
ies
they
say
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
OB
L.S
G.
DA
T.S
G.
AB
S.A
BS.
III
AT
TR
.O
BL
.SG
.PR
S.3S
G.
EX
T.
getti
ngou
tag
ain
toth
ebe
ach
and
sitti
ng(t
here
),he
crie
d:A
feru
kale
geek
uhun
kasi
euh
uruv
agen
,uh
uruv
agen
kina
raas
seri
a
c
nuku
me
inde
,m
ike
nı:
feru
kale
geek
uhun
kasi
euh
uruv
agen
uhur
uvag
enki
nara
asse
rias
nuku
me
inde
mi
kenı
wea
ver
pers
on’s
byth
eth
orn
havi
ngpu
lled
out
havi
ngpu
lled
out
edge
tosh
ore
goin
gou
tsi
tting
now
heis
sayi
ngN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BA
DV
VE
RB
OB
L.
GE
N.
AB
L.
NO
M.D
EF.
RA
BS.
III
RA
BS.
III
OB
L.
DA
T.
AB
S.A
BS.
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
and
had
itpu
lled
out
bya
wea
ver;
hew
ent
onth
ebe
ach,
and
sitti
ng(t
here
),he
said
:F
kasi
kum
buru
bala
kaha
ve
˙ t
˙ tıge
n,da
mag
ennu
kum
egen
goho
,at
ire
rukk
a
˙ n
˙ nam
atte
inde
mi
kenı
:ka
siku
mbu
ruba
laka
have
˙ t˙ tıge
nda
mag
ennu
kum
egen
goho
atir
eru
kka
˙ n
˙ nam
atte
inde
mi
kenı
:th
orn
bush
ath
icke
tfa
lling
pulli
ngge
tting
out
goin
gof
beac
htr
eetr
unk
upon
sitti
ngno
ww
hat
hesa
ysis
:N
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BA
DV
VE
RB
OB
L.
OB
L.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
III
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
GE
N.
OB
L.
LO
C.
AB
S.T
EM
P.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.
hefe
llin
toa
thic
ket
ofth
orny
bush
es,
pulle
dhi
mse
lfou
t,go
tou
tan
dw
ent
off,
and
sitti
ngup
ona
coco
nut
trun
k,he
said
:
69c
M⟨"
ran
fos
˙ tec
lac ga
˙ le.
ma
c inm
agas
lac ga
˙ le.
c ec in
mag
asnu
lac ga
˙ le!"
⟩ra
nfo
˙ t˙ tek
lagg
a-u
˙ lem
ain
mag
asla
gga-
u
˙ lee
inm
agas
nula
gga-
u
˙ lego
lda
box
let
floa
tas
hore
Isi
tting
toro
adle
tfl
oat
asho
reth
atsi
tting
toro
adno
tle
tfl
oat
asho
reN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BPP
RO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BD
PRO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NPA
RT
CV
ER
B
OB
L.S
G.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.+
IMPV
.2SG
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.D
AT
.SG
.A
BS.
+IM
PV.2
SG.
OB
L.S
G.
PAR
T.P
RS.
DA
T.S
G.
NE
G.
AB
S.+
IMPV
.2SG
.
‘Let
ago
ldbo
xfl
oat
asho
re,
let
itfl
oat
asho
reto
the
beac
hw
here
Iam
sitti
ng,
let
itno
tfl
oat
asho
rew
here
that
(one
)is
sitti
ng.
A"a
fage
fa
˙ n
˙ na
c
la
c
ven
˙ de,
ege
fa
˙ n
˙ na
c
la
c
nive
n
˙ de!"
afag
efa
˙ n
˙ nas
lak
ven
˙ dee
gefa
˙ n
˙ nas
lak
nive
n
˙ deou
rto
beac
hfl
oatin
gas
hore
beth
atof
hous
eto
beac
hfl
oatin
gas
hore
not
bePP
RO
NN
OU
N??
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
??PA
RT
CV
ER
B
GE
N.
DA
T.
??IM
PV.2
SG.
??A
TT
R.
GE
N.
DA
T.
??N
EG
.IM
PV.2
SG.
??
"(W
hate
ver
may
com
efl
oatin
gas
hore
),m
ayit
floa
tto
the
beac
hof
our
hous
e,m
ayit
not
floa
tto
the
beac
hof
that
hous
e."
F"e
imm
aga
c
nula
gga
˙ le,
ma
imm
aga
c
lagg
a
˙ le,
ran
fo
˙ t
˙ te
c
lagg
a
˙ le!"
*e
inm
agas
nula
gga-
u
˙ lem
ain
mag
asla
gga-
u
˙ lera
nfo
˙ t˙ tek
lagg
a-u
˙ leth
aton
esi
tting
toro
adno
tit
may
floa
tas
hore
Isi
tting
toro
adit
may
floa
tgo
lda
box
itm
ayfl
oat
asho
reD
PRO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NPA
RT
CV
ER
BPP
RO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
B
OB
L.
(M!)
PAR
T.P
RS.
DA
T.
(M!)
NE
G.
(M!)
AB
S.+
IMPV
.2SG
.(M
!)O
BL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.D
AT
.(!
M)
AB
S.+
IMPV
.2SG
.(M
!)O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.(M
!)A
BS.
+IM
PV.2
SG.
(M!)
May
itno
tfl
oat
asho
reto
the
beac
hw
here
that
one
issi
tting
,m
ayit
floa
tto
the
beac
hw
here
Iam
sitti
ng,
may
ago
ldbo
xfl
oat
(her
e).
40 Texts with interlinear analysis
70 M⟨m
ihe
ngo
van
c inda
fos
˙ te
cc an
nati
feni
vara
s
c ufal
un
c inda
c a
c isla
c ga
c ifi
c eve.
⟩m
ihe
ngo
van
inda
fo
˙ t˙ tek
anna
eti
feni
vara
suf
alun
inda
ais
lak-
gaif
iev
eth
isw
ayto
cry
sitti
nga
box
com
ing
thin
gap
pear
edve
ryha
ppy
sitti
ngco
min
gca
me
floa
ting
asho
reth
eysa
yD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NA
DJ
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CA
TT
R.
OB
L.S
G.
INF.
AB
S.N
OM
.SG
.IN
DE
F.PA
RT
.PR
S.N
OM
.SG
.A
BS.
DA
T.S
G.
AB
L.S
G.
AB
S.A
BS.
PT.I
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Whe
nhe
was
sitti
ng(t
here
and)
cryi
nglik
eth
is,
abo
xap
pear
edan
dw
hile
hew
assi
tting
(the
re)
very
happ
ily,
itca
me
floa
ting
asho
re.
Ake
vele
i,fe
siga
n
˙ da
c
la
c
vege
.ke
vele
ife
siga
n
˙ dak
lak
vege
sayi
ngw
hile
abo
xfl
oatin
gbe
cam
eV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
N??
VE
RB
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
??PT
.IV
.3SG
.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o),
abo
xca
me
floa
ting
asho
re.
Fm
ihe
nke
vela
i,fe
sa
c
lak-
kolli
-ai.
mi
hen
keve
lai
fesa
kla
k-ko
lliai
this
way
sayi
ngat
time
abo
xfl
oate
das
hore
they
say
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CA
TT
R.
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PT.I
I.3S
G.
EX
T.
(At
his)
sayi
ngso
,a
box
cam
efl
oatin
gas
hore
.
70a
Fla
k-ke
˙ lam
ma,
naga
kon
˙ dela
gen
gesa
hifa
gen
ebag
e-ai
.la
k-ke
˙ lan
ma
naga
kon
˙ dela
gen
gesa
hifa
gen
ebag
eai
floa
ted
asho
rew
hen
liftin
gon
shou
lder
layi
ngto
hous
eta
king
hew
ent
they
say
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPA
RT
.PT
.L
OC
.A
BS.
LO
C.
AB
S.II
ID
AT
.A
BS.
III
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
Whe
nit
had
com
efl
oatin
gas
hore
,he
lifte
d(i
t),
laid
(it)
upon
his
shou
lder
,an
dhe
wen
taw
ayta
king
(it)
tohi
sho
use.
71 M⟨m
ifo
sıga
c ive
s,ta
˙ luda
˙ dihu
rıja
hafa
c eve.
⟩m
ifo
sıga
ive
sta
˙ luda
n
˙ dihu
rıja
hafa
eve
this
inbo
xal
soke
yw
hat
was
isfi
xed
they
say
DPR
ON
NO
UN
PAR
TC
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CA
TT
R.
LO
C.S
G.
MO
D.
OB
L.S
G.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
AB
S.I
EX
T.
On
this
box
too,
the
key
was
fixe
d.F
gesa
goho
,he
dıva
˙ dam
akı,
mat
iha
lali-
ai.
gesa
goho
hedı
va
˙ dam
akı
mat
iha
lali
aito
hous
ego
ing
done
am
anne
rw
asco
ver
hetu
rned
they
say
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CD
AT
.A
BS.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
+FO
C.
NO
M.
PT.I
I.3S
G.
EX
T.
Hav
ing
gone
hom
e,he
lifte
dth
eco
ver.
41T1 Findana bon ˙dana
72 M⟨c av
ahas
rant
a
c
naga
nve
gen
mat
iga
˙ duhu
˙ luva
li
c iras
,fu
rata
ma
bola
s
c ara
c igat
ıfı
kuku
˙ lek_
eve.
⟩av
ahas
rant
akna
gage
nve
gen
mat
igan
˙ duhu
˙ luva
liir
asfu
rata
ma
bola
sar
aiga
tıfı
kuku
˙ lek
eve
quic
kly
gold
tota
keof
fin
orde
rco
ver
shoo
kat
time
firs
tto
head
wha
the
rece
ived
clim
bing
sitti
nga
hen
they
say
AD
JN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NA
DV
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
CD
AT
.SG
.N
OM
.PL
.IN
F.A
BS.
III
NO
M.S
G.
PAR
T.P
T.I
ID
AT
.SG
.T
EM
P.D
AT
.SG
.PA
RT
.PT
.III
+FO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.S
G.I
ND
EF.
EX
T.
Whe
nhe
shoo
kth
eco
ver
inor
der
tota
keof
fth
ego
ldqu
ickl
y,th
efi
rst
(thi
ng)
that
jum
ped
upto
him
was
asi
tting
hen.
Ahu
˙ luva
ibe
liko
eaet
ere
otı
fila
be
˙ lela
k-ai
fila
kura
fata
k-ai
.hu
˙ luva
ibe
liko
eaet
ere
otı
fila
be
˙ lela
kai
fila
kura
fata
kai
open
ing
look
edw
hen
that
insi
dew
hat
was
iski
dsa
cat
with
chic
ksa
jack
knif
ew
ithV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NC
ON
JN
OU
NN
OU
NC
ON
JA
BS.
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.
OB
L.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.SO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
SOC
.
Whe
nit
open
ed(i
t)an
dlo
oked
(ins
ide)
,th
ere
was
aca
tw
ithki
ttens
init
and
aja
ckkn
ife
with
chic
ks.
Fhe
lıka
l,m
ieet
ere
mi
otı
bend
efe
o
c
kuku
˙ lufi
lakk
-a,
kura
fata
kk-a
.he
lıka
lm
ieet
ere
mi
otı
bend
efe
otku
ku
˙ lufi
lak
aku
rafa
tak
atu
rned
time
inth
isw
ithin
now
wha
tw
asis
tied
upbe
ing
hen
ach
icke
nw
itha
jack
knif
ew
ithV
ER
BN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NA
DV
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
CO
NJ
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.
LO
C.
LO
C.
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
AB
S.I
PAR
T.P
RS.
NO
M.
OB
L.I
ND
EF.
SOC
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.SO
C.
Whe
nhe
open
edit,
ther
ew
astie
dup
ahe
nw
itha
chic
ken
(in
it)an
da
jack
knif
e.
73 M⟨d
en
c ara
c igat
ına
gula
ndas
itak
a
c i,bi
cuta
k_ev
e.na
nnug
atit
aka
c iha
rufa
tak_
eve.
⟩de
nar
aiga
tına
gula
ndas
itak
aibi
cuta
kev
ena
nnug
atita
kai
haru
fata
kev
eth
enw
hat
here
ceiv
edcl
imbi
ngw
asta
ilfl
eas
with
cent
iped
esth
eysa
ysn
akes
with
serp
ents
they
say
AD
VV
ER
BN
OU
NC
ON
JN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
QPA
RT
CT
EM
P.PA
RT
.PT
.III
+FO
C.
NO
M.P
L.
SOC
.N
OM
.PL
.E
XT
.N
OM
.PL
.SO
C.
NO
M.P
L.
EX
T.
The
n,ta
ilfl
eas
and
cent
iped
es,
snak
esan
dse
rpen
tsju
mpe
dup
tohi
m.
74 Afi
labe
˙ lela
dim
ake
˙ deı
mia
gau
ara
c .fi
labe
˙ lela
dim
ake
˙ deı
mia
gas
aras
kids
the
cat
dire
ctio
nw
hat
they
mad
ew
asth
ison
eto
body
tocl
imb
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
OB
L.
OB
L.D
EF.
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.O
BL
.D
AT
.IN
F.
The
cat
and
her
kitte
nsst
arte
dto
clim
bup
onhi
sbo
dy.
74a
Aku
rafa
c
dim
ake
˙ deı
mia
kara
buri
kolla
c .ku
rafa
tdi
ma
ke
˙ deı
mia
kara
buri
kolla
s.kn
ife
dire
ctio
nw
hat
itm
ade
was
this
one
thro
atcu
tting
tom
ake
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
OB
L.
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.O
BL
.N
OM
.(O
BL
.)IN
F.II
The
knif
eai
med
atcu
tting
his
thro
at.
42 Texts with interlinear analysis
74b
Ade
nm
ide
divi
ebeg
e.de
nm
ide
divi
ebeg
eth
enth
ison
eru
nnin
gw
ent
off
AD
VD
PRO
NV
ER
BV
ER
B
TE
MP.
NO
M.
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.
He,
how
ever
,st
arte
dru
nnin
gaw
ay.
75 M⟨g
ayas
c ara
c igen
⟩ga
yas
arai
gen
tobo
dycl
imbi
ngN
OU
NV
ER
B
DA
T.S
G.
AB
S.II
I
Whe
n(t
hey)
clim
bed
up(h
is)
body
,
75a
M⟨k
asi
jaha
c i,da
t
c a
˙ la
c iha
da
c igat
gatu
nbo
˙ danf
u
˙ luhe
neti
gen
ve
c˙ ti
mar
uve
c je
c eve.
⟩ka
sija
hai
dat
a
˙ lai
hada
igat
gatu
nbo
n
˙ danf
u
˙ luhe
netig
enve
˙ t˙ tim
aruv
ejje
eve
thor
nhi
tting
toot
hra
mm
ing
infr
omal
lw
hat
they
did
tohi
mb.
-bir
dco
nsci
ousn
ess
not
bein
gpr
esen
tfa
lling
died
they
say
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
NO
M.S
G.
AB
S.N
OM
.SG
.A
BS.
PAR
T.P
T.I
IIA
BL
.DIS
TR
.PL
.N
OM
.SG
.N
OM
.SG
.A
BS.
III
AB
S.PT
.IV
.3SG
.E
XT
.
hitti
nghi
m(w
ith)
thor
ns,
ram
min
gth
eir
teet
hin
to(h
im),
the
b.-b
ird,
havi
nglo
stco
nsci
ousn
ess
from
all
wha
tth
eydi
dto
him
,fe
llan
ddi
ed.
Fov
vela
i,fi
lau
te
˙ lıgat
umm
a,ku
rafa
c
hu
˙ luvı
gen,
ella
ngo
hoje
hıfe
bon
˙ danu
vane
˙ libu
rive
ge-a
i.ot
vela
ifi
lak
te
˙ lıgat
unm
aku
rafa
thu
˙ luvı
gen
ella
ngo
hoje
hıfe
bon
˙ danu
vane
˙ libu
rive
geai
bein
gat
time
ach
icke
nge
tting
stru
ckw
hen
knif
eop
enin
gth
row
ing
goin
ghi
tting
b.-b
ird
air
pipe
cut
beca
me
they
say
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
AD
JV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
OB
L.
LO
C.
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
III
AB
S.A
BS.
IO
BL
.O
BL
.N
OM
.PR
ED
.PT
.IV
.3SG
.E
XT
.
At
the
sam
em
omen
t,w
hen
one
chic
kw
asst
ruck
,th
ekn
ife
open
ed(b
y)its
elf,
jum
ped
out,
and
havi
ngbe
enhi
t(b
yit)
,th
eb.
-bir
d’s
air
pipe
was
cut.
76 M⟨v
ahak
ahu
c˙ te
nı
c eve.
⟩va
haka
hu
˙ t˙ tenı
eve
stor
yis
fini
shed
they
say
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
NO
M.S
G.
PAR
T.P
RS.
EX
T.
Thi
sis
the
end
ofth
est
ory.
T2: Makana
The crane
A ˙d ˙du: cAlı Ma ˙nikufanu; Fua
c
Mulaku: N.N.; Huvadu (Fares): Mu ˙hammad ˙Hassan
44 Texts with interlinear analysis
1 Aed
duva
hied
duva
him
akan
aud
uhig
engo
ska
n
˙ diga
lam
atte
jass
ali.
ekdu
vahi
ekdu
vahi
mak
ana
uduh
igen
gos
kan
˙ diga
lam
atte
jass
ali
one
day
one
day
the
cran
efl
ying
havi
nggo
neof
sea
rock
upon
hit
CA
RD
NO
UN
CA
RD
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
AT
TR
.L
OC
.A
TT
R.
LO
C.
NO
M.D
EF.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
GE
N.
OB
L.
LO
C.
PT.I
I.3S
G.
One
day,
one
day,
the
cran
efl
ewup
and
hit
upon
aro
ckin
the
sea.
Fed
duva
heki
eddu
vahe
kim
akan
aga
laka
hagu
a
c
lafi
-ai.
ekdu
vahe
kiek
duva
heki
mak
ana
gala
kaha
guak
lafi
aion
eda
yon
eda
ycr
ane
toa
rock
adr
oppi
nghe
laid
they
say
CA
RD
NO
UN
CA
RD
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AT
TR
.L
OC
.IN
DE
F.A
TT
R.
LO
C.I
ND
EF.
NO
M.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PT.I
.3SG
.E
XT
.
One
day,
one
day,
peop
lesa
y,th
ecr
ane
laid
adr
oppi
ngon
aro
ck.
H>e
kedo
vaha
ku,
mak
anay
ago
hoga
lako
˙ dala
ifi-
augu
aka.
<ek
edo
vaha
kum
akan
aya
goho
gala
ko
˙ dala
ifi
augu
aka
one
ada
yth
ecr
ane
goin
gro
ckpi
ece
hela
idth
eysa
ya
drop
ping
CA
RD
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
N
AT
TR
.O
BL
.IN
DE
F.N
OM
.DE
F.A
BS.
OB
L.
OB
L.
PT.I
.3SG
.E
XT
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.
One
day,
the
cran
ew
ent
(and
)la
ida
drop
ping
ona
piec
eof
rock
.
2 Aag
ade
ala
gen
ava
gute
gala
c
gua
c
lafe
im
akan
aud
uhig
eneb
ege.
aga
dea
lage
na
vagu
tega
las
guak
lafe
im
akan
aud
uhig
eneb
ege
high
tide
layi
ngco
me
attim
eto
the
rock
adr
oppi
ngha
ving
laid
the
cran
efl
ying
wen
tof
fA
DJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
AT
TR
.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
DA
T.D
EF.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.I
NO
M.D
EF.
AB
S.II
IPT
.3SG
.
At
the
time
whe
nth
ehi
ghtid
eca
me,
the
cran
e,ha
ving
laid
adr
oppi
ngon
the
rock
,fl
ewof
f(a
gain
).F
gua
c
lafe
eba
gem
ma,
ra
˙ loah
odo
vval
i-ai
.gu
akla
feeb
age
nm
ara
˙ loah
odo
vval
iai
adr
oppi
ngha
ving
laid
ther
ego
ing
attim
ew
ave
com
ing
itw
ashe
daw
ayth
eysa
yN
OU
NV
ER
BA
DV
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.I
LO
C.
OB
L.
LO
C.
NO
M.
AB
S.PT
.II.
3SG
.E
XT
.
Whe
nhe
wen
taw
ayaf
ter
havi
ngla
idth
edr
oppi
ng,
(the
)w
ave
cam
ean
dw
ashe
dit
(aw
ay)
H>g
uara
˙ laah
o,do
ve
˙ diai
.<gu
ara
˙ laah
odo
ve
˙ diai
the
drop
ping
the
wav
eco
min
git
was
hed
they
say
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
NO
M.D
EF.
NO
M.D
EF.
AB
S.PT
.II.
3SG
.E
XT
.
The
wav
eca
me
and
was
hed
the
drop
ping
away
.
45T2 Makana
3 Ago
ssei
vela
gan
˙ daku
nba
i.go
sfei
vela
gan
˙ daku
nba
aiha
ving
gone
time
with
api
ece
heca
me
they
say
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.I
OB
L.
AB
L.I
ND
EF.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
Aft
erha
ving
gone
,he
cam
eba
ckaf
ter
ash
ort
whi
le.
Fdo
vval
aihi
suve
lai
bave
.do
vval
aihi
suve
lai
baev
eha
ving
was
hed
away
itbe
ing
attim
ehe
cam
eth
eysa
yV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
(M!)
AB
S.II
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
Just
whe
n(i
t)ha
dw
ashe
d(i
taw
ay),
(the
cran
e)ca
me
back
.
4 Aas
(ek
kala
c )ra
˙ lai
sual
ako
ffi
koba
tau
tim
am
ita
nlı
gua
c ?as
ekka
las
ra
˙ laai
sual
ako
sfi
koba
tau
tima
mi
tan
lıgu
ak?
havi
ngco
me
(one
totim
e)th
ew
ave
with
ques
tion
hem
ade
whe
reas
king
self
this
plac
ela
iddr
oppi
ngV
ER
B(C
AR
DN
OU
N)
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
IPR
ON
IPA
RT
CPR
ON
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
AB
S.(A
TT
R.
DA
T.S
G.)
OB
L.D
EF.
SOC
.N
OM
.PT
.I.3
SG.
LO
C.
INT
.N
OM
.DE
F.A
TT
R.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
Hav
ing
com
e,he
aske
dth
e(a
fore
said
)w
ave,
‘whe
reis
the
drop
ping
Iha
vela
idhe
re?’
Fah
obe
˙ ni-a
i,ti
man
kalo
gala
ka
c
lıgu
ima
˙ nako
bahe
i_e?
aho
be
˙ niai
timan
kalo
gala
kas
lıgu
ima
˙ nako
bahe
i_e?
com
ing
hesa
idth
eysa
yse
lflo
rdto
aro
ckla
idlit
tledr
oppi
ngw
here
wel
l-as
king
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
+D
IMIP
RO
NA
DV
+IP
AR
TC
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.O
BL
.O
BL
.D
AT
.IN
DE
F.PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.L
OC
.IN
T.
Com
ing
back
,he
said
aski
ng,
‘whe
reis
the
(litt
le)
drop
ping
I(m
ysel
f)ha
vela
idhe
reon
aro
ck?’
H>d
en,
mak
anay
aah
o,bo
˙ niai
,ti
mm
ıha
galu
ko
˙ dalı
gua
koba
ihe
?<de
nm
akan
aya
aho
bo
˙ niai
timm
ıha
galu
ko
˙ dalı
gua
koba
ihe
?th
enth
ecr
ane
com
ing
hesa
idth
eysa
yse
lfth
em
anro
ckpi
ece
laid
the
drop
ping
whe
reas
king
?A
DV
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
IPR
ON
IPA
RT
C
TE
MP.
NO
M.D
EF.
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.D
EF.
OB
L.
OB
L.D
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.D
EF.
LO
C.
INT
The
nth
ecr
ane
cam
ean
dsa
id,
‘whe
reis
the
drop
ping
I(m
ysel
f)ha
vela
idup
on(t
his)
piec
eof
rock
?’
46 Texts with interlinear analysis
5 Abe
˙ nim
ei,
ra
˙ lake
fi,
tagu
a
c
kan
ma
gua
c
kan
dene
titi
ma
dovv
alim
-au.
be
˙ nim
eira
˙ lake
fita
guak
kam
ma
guak
kam
dene
titim
ado
vval
imau
said
time
the
wav
esa
idyo
ura
drop
ping
whe
ther
my
adr
oppi
ngw
heth
erno
tkn
owin
gse
lfw
ashe
daw
aysa
ying
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
PPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
PPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
PRO
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
NO
M.D
EF.
PT.I
.3SG
.O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.O
BL
.O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.O
BL
.A
BS.
NO
M.D
EF.
PT.I
I.1S
G.
INT
.
Whe
nhe
had
said
(so)
,th
ew
ave
said
,‘n
otkn
owin
gw
heth
erit
isyo
urdr
oppi
ngor
my
drop
ping
,I
(mys
elf)
was
hed
itaw
ay.’
Fbe
˙ num
ma
be
˙ ni-a
i,ti
ma
kalo
guim
a
˙ naka
nde
neti
,do
vval
im-a
i.be
˙ nun
ma
be
˙ niai
tima
kalo
guim
a
˙ naka
mde
neti
dovv
alim
aisa
ying
attim
eit
said
they
say
self
lord
little
drop
ping
that
not
know
ing
Iw
ashe
daw
aysa
ying
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
+D
IMN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
OB
L.
OB
L.
NO
M.D
EF.
NO
M.
AB
S.PT
.I.1
SG.
INT
.
Whe
n(h
e)sa
id(s
o),
(the
wav
e)sa
id,
‘not
know
ing
that
itw
asyo
ur(o
wn)
drop
ping
,I
(mys
elf)
was
hed
itaw
ay.’
H>b
o
˙ nim
mai
,ra
˙ labo
˙ ni-a
i,ta
gua
c
kan
ma
gua
c
kan
nuen
gi,
tim
mıh
agu
ado
velım
-ai.<
bo
˙ nin
mai
ra
˙ labo
˙ niai
tagu
akka
mm
agu
akka
mnu
engi
timm
ıha
gua
dove
lımai
sayi
ngat
time
the
wav
eit
said
they
say
your
adr
oppi
ngw
heth
erm
ya
drop
ping
whe
ther
not
unde
rsta
ndin
gse
lfth
em
anth
edr
oppi
ngI
was
hed
sayi
ngV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
PPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
PAR
TC
VE
RB
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
NO
M.D
EF.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
NO
M.
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
NO
M.
NE
G.
AB
S.A
TT
R.
NO
M.D
EF.
NO
M.D
EF.
PT.I
I.1S
G.
Whe
n(h
e)sa
id(s
o),
the
wav
esa
id,
‘not
know
ing
that
itw
asyo
ur(o
wn)
drop
ping
,I
(mys
elf)
was
hed
itaw
ay.’
6 Ata
cde
˙ nei
ra˙ la
cta
u,ta
cde
˙ nei
gua
cta
u?ta
sde
˙ neı
ra
˙ lak
tau
tas
de
˙ neı
guak
tau?
toyo
uw
hat
shal
lbe
give
na
wav
eas
king
toyo
uw
hat
shal
lbe
give
na
drop
ping
aski
ngPP
RO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NIP
AR
TC
PPR
ON
VE
RB
NO
UN
IPA
RT
C
DA
T.
PAR
T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INT
.D
AT
.PA
RT
.FU
T.+
FOC
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.IN
T.
‘Sha
ll(I
)gi
veyo
ua
wav
eor
adr
oppi
ng?’
Fka
losa
denn
enı
ra
˙ lom
a
˙ na
c
tai
guim
a
˙ na
c
tai?
kalo
sade
nnen
ıra
˙ lom
a
˙ nak
tai
guim
a
˙ nak
tai?
tolo
rdw
hat
isto
begi
ven
isa
wav
eei
ther
adr
oppi
ngor
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
+D
IMIP
AR
TC
NO
UN
+D
IMIP
AR
TC
DA
T.
PAR
T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
CO
NJ.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
CO
NJ.
‘Sha
ll(I
)gi
veyo
ua
wav
eor
adr
oppi
ng?’
H>g
uake
dem
ahe
,ra
˙ lake
dem
ahe
?<gu
ake
dem
ahe
ra
˙ lake
dem
ahe
?a
drop
ping
we
(?)
give
aski
nga
wav
ew
e(?
)gi
veas
king
NO
UN
VE
RB
IPA
RT
CN
OU
NV
ER
BIP
AR
TC
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PRS.
1PL
.(?
)IN
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PRS.
1PL
.(?
)IN
T.
‘Sha
llI
(lit.
"we"
)gi
ve(y
ou)
adr
oppi
ngor
shal
lI
(lit.
"we"
)gi
ve(y
ou)
aw
ave?
’
47T2 Makana
7 Abe
˙ nim
ei,
kefi
tim
a
c
de
˙ nei
ra
˙ lak-
au.
be
˙ nim
eike
fitim
asde
˙ neı
ra
˙ lak
ausa
idtim
esa
idto
self
wha
tsh
all
begi
ven
aw
ave
sayi
ngV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BPR
ON
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
CPA
RT
.PT
.L
OC
.PT
.I.3
SG.
DA
T.
PAR
T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INT
.
Whe
n(i
t)sa
id(s
o),
(the
cran
e)sa
id,
‘giv
em
ea
wav
e.’
Fbe
˙ num
ma
be
˙ ni-a
i,ti
mas
ade
nnen
ıra
˙ lom
a
˙ nak-
ai.
be
˙ nun
ma
be
˙ niai
timas
ade
nnen
ıra
˙ lom
a
˙ nak
aisa
ying
attim
ehe
said
they
say
tose
lfw
hat
isto
begi
ven
isa
wav
esa
ying
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPR
ON
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
CO
BL
.L
OC
.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.D
AT
.PA
RT
.FU
T.+
FOC
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.IN
T.
Whe
n(i
t)sa
id(s
o),
(the
cran
e)sa
id,
‘giv
em
ea
wav
e.’
H>b
o
˙ nım
mai
,m
akan
aya
bo
˙ ni-a
i,gu
ake
denn
eka
eke
neng
e,ra
˙ leke
denn
-ai.<
bo
˙ nın
mai
mak
anay
abo
˙ niai
guak
ede
nne
kaek
enu
enge
ra
˙ leke
denn
eai
sayi
ngat
time
the
cran
ehe
said
they
say
adr
oppi
ngto
begi
ven
whe
ther
not
unde
rsta
ndin
ga
wav
eto
begi
ven
sayi
ngV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
PAR
TC
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CO
BL
.L
OC
.N
OM
.DE
F.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.PA
RT
.FU
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
NE
G.
AB
S.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.PA
RT
.FU
T.
INT
.
As
itsa
id(s
o),
the
cran
esa
id,
‘(do
)no
tco
nsid
er(t
ogi
ve)
adr
oppi
ng,
give
(me)
aw
ave.
’
8 Abe
˙ nim
ei,
ra
˙ latu
mbe
lage
ngo
sm
agig
em
uhum
ma
bede
ate
laka
mun
enni
dem
igen
o
c
vele
i,ra
˙ lae
tan
va
˙ t
˙ tali.
be˙ ni
mei
ra˙ la
tum
bela
gen
gos
mag
ige
muh
umm
|abe
dea
tela
kam
unem
nide
mig
e|n
otve
lei
ra˙ la
eta
nva
˙ t˙ tali
said
time
the
wav
elif
ting
goin
gof
Mag
iH
ouse
M.
B.
tide
bylo
wne
ssba
itno
tca
tchi
n|g
bein
gat
time
the
wav
eth
atpl
ace
drop
ped
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
PNPN
PNN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NPA
RT
CV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BPA
RT
.P|T
.L
OC
.N
OM
.DE
F.A
BS.
III
AB
S.G
EN
.N
OM
.N
OM
.O
BL
.A
BL
.N
OM
.N
EG
.A
BS.
III
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
NO
M.D
EF.
AT
TR
.L
OC
.PT
.II.
3SG
.
Whe
nhe
had
said
(so)
,he
took
upth
ew
ave
(and
)w
ent
off,
(and
)at
the
time
whe
nM
.B.
from
Mag
iho
use
was
sitti
ng(t
here
),fa
iling
toca
tch
bait
fish
beca
use
ofth
elo
wtid
e,he
drop
ped
the
wav
e(t
here
).F
be
˙ num
ma
ra
˙ lom
a
˙ natu
mbe
lage
n,ud
ihem
unud
ihem
ungo
hoba
iken
ra
˙ le
c
netı
enni
dem
igen
tibi
taka
hava
˙ t
˙ tali-
ai.
be
˙ nu|n
ma
ra
˙ lom
a
˙ n|a
tum
bela
gen
udih
emu|
nud
ihem
u|n
goho
baik
enra
˙ lek
netı
emni
dem
igen
tibi
taka
hava
˙ t˙ tali
aisa
ying
attim
ew
ave
liftin
gby
flyi
ngby
flyi
nggo
ing
som
epe
ople
aw
ave
not
bein
gba
itfi
shno
tbe
ing
catc
habl
ebe
ing
toa
plac
ehe
drop
ped
they
say
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
+D
IMV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NPA
RT
CV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IR
GR
ND
.R
GR
ND
.A
BS.
NO
M.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.N
OM
.N
EG
.A
BS.
III
PAR
T.P
RS.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
PT.I
I.3S
G.
EX
T.
Aft
ersa
ying
(so)
,(t
hecr
ane)
lifte
dup
the
wav
ean
dw
ent
onfl
ying
and
flyi
ng,
and
hedr
oppe
d(i
t)at
apl
ace
whe
reth
ere
wer
eso
me
peop
lew
hofa
iled
toca
tch
bait
fish
beca
use
they
had
now
ave.
H>r
a
˙ lahi
faig
en,
gelik
aha
˙ tago
ho,
va
˙ t
˙ taili
aido
˙ niek
enu
hing
aige
nvo
˙ n
˙ nata
ka.<
ra
˙ lahi
faig
enge
likah
a
˙ tago
hova
˙ t˙ taili
aido
˙ niek
enu
hing
aige
nvo
˙ n
˙ nata
kath
ew
ave
gras
ping
gone
toa
man
ner
goin
ghe
drop
ped
sayi
nga
do
˙ nino
tm
ovin
gliv
ing
toa
plac
eN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
PAR
TC
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
M.D
EF.
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PT
.D
AT
.IN
DE
F.(?
)A
BS.
PT.I
I.3S
G.
INT
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.N
EG
.A
BS.
III
PAR
T.P
RS.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
(?)
Aft
ergr
aspi
ngth
ew
ave,
and
goin
g(o
n)th
ew
ayhe
was
goin
g(b
efor
e),
hedr
oppe
dit
ona
plac
ew
here
ther
ew
ere
(som
epe
ople
who
)di
dno
tge
tth
eir
do
˙ nigo
ing
(bec
ause
oflo
wtid
e).
48 Texts with interlinear analysis
9 Ave
˙ t
˙ tim
ei,
muh
umm
abe
enda
mag
a
c .ve
˙ t˙ tim
eim
uhum
ma
beem
dam
agat
drop
ped
whe
nM
Bba
ithe
caug
htV
ER
BN
OU
NPN
PNN
OU
NV
ER
B
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
NO
M.
NO
M.
NO
M.
PT.I
II.3
SG.
Whe
n(h
e)dr
oppe
d(i
t),
M.B
.(f
inal
ly)
caug
htba
itfi
sh.
Fva
˙ t
˙ tala
ebeg
emm
a,m
im
ıhun
enda
mag
at-a
i.va
˙ t˙ tala
ebeg
enm
am
im
ıhun
emda
mag
atai
havi
ngdr
oppe
dgo
ing
away
attim
eth
ese
peop
leba
itfi
shth
eygo
tca
tchi
ngsa
ying
VE
RB
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.II
OB
L.
LO
C.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.PL
.N
OM
.PT
.III
.3PL
.IN
T.
Aft
er(h
e)dr
oppe
d(i
t)an
dw
ent
away
,th
ese
peop
le(f
inal
ly)
succ
eede
din
catc
hing
bait
fish
.H
>edo
˙ nie
mıh
undo
˙ nia
hing
uvai
gata
i,ra
˙ lavo
˙ duva
.<e
do
˙ nie
mıh
undo
˙ nia
hing
uvai
gata
ira
˙ lavo
˙ duva
thos
eof
do
˙ nipe
ople
the
do
˙ nigo
ing
they
got
the
wav
eca
usin
gto
mou
ntD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
B
AT
TR
.G
EN
.N
OM
.PL
.N
OM
.DE
F.A
BS.
PT.3
PL.
OB
L.D
EF.
(?)
AB
S.
The
peop
leof
that
do
˙ nigo
tth
edo
˙ nigo
ing,
mou
ntin
git
upon
the
wav
e.
10 Aen
dam
aga
c
fahu
nm
akan
aba
i.em
dam
agat
fahu
nm
akan
aba
aiba
itca
ught
afte
rth
ecr
ane
cam
eth
eysa
yN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
T.I
IIA
BL
.N
OM
.DE
F.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Aft
erth
eyha
dca
ught
bait
fish
,th
ecr
ane
cam
e(b
ack)
.F
enda
mag
enti
bive
lai,
bai-
ai.
emda
mag
entib
ive
lai
baai
aiba
itfi
shca
tchi
ngth
eybe
ing
attim
ehe
cam
eth
eysa
yth
eysa
yN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
QPA
RT
C
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PR
S.L
OC
.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.E
XT
.
Just
whe
nth
eyha
dca
ught
(the
)ba
itfi
sh,
(the
cran
e)ca
me
(bac
k).
49T2 Makana
11 Aas
,su
ala
koff
i,ko
bata
uti
ma
mi
tan
ve
˙ t
˙ tira
˙ la?
assu
ala
kosf
iko
bata
utim
am
ita
nve
˙ t˙ tira
˙ la?
com
ing
ques
tion
hem
ade
whe
reas
king
self
this
plac
edr
oppe
dth
ew
ave
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
IPR
ON
IPA
RT
CPR
ON
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
AB
S.N
OM
.PT
.I.3
SG.
LO
C.
INT
.N
OM
.A
TT
R.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.D
EF.
Com
ing,
heas
ked,
‘whe
reis
the
wav
eI
have
drop
ped
here
(mys
elf)
?’F
aho
be
˙ ni-a
i,ti
man
kalo
gala
ka
c
lıgu
ima
˙ nadı
faga
c
ra
˙ lom
a
˙ nako
bahe
i-e?
aho
be
˙ niai
timan
kalo
gala
kas
lıgu
ima
˙ nadı
fai
gat
ra
˙ lom
a
˙ nako
bahe
i-e?
com
ing
hesa
idth
eysa
yse
lflo
rdto
aro
ckla
iddr
oppi
nggi
ving
rece
ived
wav
ew
here
aski
ngV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
+D
IMIP
RO
NA
DV
+IP
AR
TC
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
AB
S.I
(M!)
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
LO
C.
INT
.
Com
ing,
hesa
idas
king
,‘w
here
isth
ew
ave
I(m
ysel
f)re
ceiv
edby
givi
ngth
edr
oppi
ngI
had
laid
upon
aro
ck?’
H>d
en,
mak
anay
aah
o,bo
˙ niai
,e
tim
mıh
aga
luko
˙ da
c
lıgu
adı
fai
ga
c
ra
˙ lako
bai
he?<
den
mak
anay
aah
obo
˙ niai
etim
mıh
aga
luko
˙ das
lıgu
adı
fai
gat
ra
˙ lako
bai
he?
then
the
cran
eco
min
ghe
said
they
say
that
self
the
man
rock
topi
ece
laid
the
drop
ping
givi
ngre
ceiv
edth
ew
ave
whe
reas
king
AD
VN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
DPR
ON
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NIP
RO
NIP
AR
TC
TE
MP.
NO
M.D
EF.
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.IN
T.
AT
TR
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.D
EF.
OB
L.
DA
T.
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.D
EF.
AB
S.I
(M!)
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.D
EF.
LO
C.
EX
T.
The
nth
ecr
ane
cam
eba
ckan
dsa
idas
king
,‘w
here
isth
atw
ave
I(m
ysel
f)re
ceiv
edby
givi
ngth
edr
oppi
ngI
had
laid
on(a
)pi
ece
ofro
ck?’
12 Abe
˙ nim
ei,
muh
umm
abe
be˙ na
fi,
tara
˙ lac
kan,
ma
ra˙ la
c
kan
dene
ti,
tim
aen
dam
agam
m-a
u.be
˙ nim
eim
uhum
ma
bebe
˙ nafi
tara
˙ lak
kam
ma
ra
˙ lak
kam
dene
titim
aem
dam
agam
ma
ausa
idw
hen
M.
B.
said
your
aw
ave
whe
ther
my
aw
ave
whe
ther
not
know
ing
self
bait
we
caug
htsa
ying
VE
RB
NO
UN
PNPN
VE
RB
PPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
PPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
NO
M.
NO
M.
PT.I
.3SG
.O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.N
OM
.O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.N
OM
.A
BS.
NO
M.
NO
M.
PT.I
II.1
SG.
INT
.
Whe
nhe
had
said
(so)
,M
.B.
said
,‘n
otkn
owin
gw
heth
erit
isyo
urw
ave
orw
heth
erit
isou
rw
ave,
we
(our
self
)ca
ught
bait
fish
.’F
be
˙ nabe
˙ ni-a
i,ka
lora
˙ lom
a
˙ naka
nde
neti
,en
dam
agam
m-a
i.be
˙ nabe
˙ niai
kalo
ra
˙ lom
a
˙ naka
mde
neti
emda
mag
amm
aai
sayi
ng(t
hey)
said
they
say
lord
wav
eth
atno
tkn
owin
gba
itfi
shw
efi
nally
caug
htsa
ying
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
N+
DIM
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.O
BL
.N
OM
.N
OM
.A
BS.
NO
M.
PT.I
II.1
PL.
INT
.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o),
(the
y)sa
id,
‘not
know
ing
that
(it
was
)yo
urw
ave,
we
fina
llyca
ught
(som
e)ba
itfi
sh.’
H>b
o
˙ nım
mai
,e
do
˙ nie
mıh
unbo
˙ ni-a
i,ta
ra
˙ la
c
kan
ma
ra
˙ la
c
kan
nuen
gi,
tim
fela
do
˙ nihi
nguv
aiga
tım
-ai.<
bo
˙ nın
mai
edo
˙ nie
mıh
unbo
˙ niai
tara
˙ lak
kam
ma
ra
˙ lak
kam
nuen
gitim
fela
do
˙ nihi
nguv
aiga
tımai
sayi
ngat
time
that
ofdo
˙ nipe
ople
said
they
say
your
aw
ave
whe
ther
my
aw
ave
whe
ther
not
know
ing
self
peop
ledo
˙ nim
ovin
gw
ego
tsa
ying
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPP
RO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NPP
RO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NPA
RT
CV
ER
BPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
OB
L.
LO
C.
AT
TR
.G
EN
.N
OM
.PL
.PT
.3SG
.(!)
EX
T.
OB
L.
OB
L.I
ND
EF.
NO
M.
OB
L.
OB
L.I
ND
EF.
NO
M.
NE
G.
AB
S.A
TT
R.
NO
M.
NO
M.
AB
S.PT
.1PL
.IN
T.
At
the
time
(of
his)
sayi
ng(s
o),
the
peop
leof
that
do
˙ nisa
id,
‘not
know
ing
whe
ther
(it
is)
your
wav
eor
our
wav
e,w
e(o
urse
lves
)go
tth
edo
˙ nigo
ing.
’
50 Texts with interlinear analysis
13 Ata
c
de
˙ nei
ra
˙ la
c
tau,
ta
c
de
˙ nei
ema
c
tau?
tas
de
˙ neı
ra
˙ lak
tau
tas
de
˙ neı
emak
tau?
toyo
uw
hat
shal
lbe
give
na
wav
eas
king
toyo
uw
hat
shal
lbe
give
na
bait
fish
aski
ngPP
RO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NIP
AR
TC
PPR
ON
VE
RB
NO
UN
IPA
RT
C
DA
T.
PAR
T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INT
.D
AT
.PA
RT
.FU
T.+
FOC
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.IN
T.
‘Sha
llw
egi
veyo
ua
wav
eor
bait
fish
?’F
kalo
sade
nnen
ıra
˙ lom
a
˙ na
c
tai,
emm
a
˙ na
c
tai?
kalo
sade
nnen
ıra
˙ lom
a
˙ nak
tai
emm
a
˙ nak
tai?
tolo
rdw
hat
isto
begi
ven
isa
wav
eei
ther
aba
itfi
shor
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
+D
IMIP
AR
TC
NO
UN
+D
IMIP
AR
TC
DA
T.
PAR
T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
CO
NJ.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
CO
NJ.
‘Sha
llw
egi
veyo
ua
wav
eor
bait
fish
?’H
>ra
˙ leke
dem
ahe
,em
eke
dem
ahe
?<ra
˙ leke
dem
ahe
emek
ede
ma
hea
wav
ew
egi
veas
king
aba
itfi
shw
egi
veas
king
NO
UN
VE
RB
IPA
RT
CN
OU
NV
ER
BIP
AR
TC
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PRS.
1PL
.IN
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PRS.
1PL
.IN
T.
‘Sha
llw
egi
ve(y
ou)
aw
ave
(or)
bait
fish
?’
14 Abe
˙ nim
eike
fi,
emm
era
nga
˙ l-au
ema
c
dec
kei.
be
˙ nim
eike
fiem
me
rang
a
˙ laau
emak
des
kei
said
whe
nsa
idm
ost
ofal
lbe
autif
ulsa
ying
aba
itfi
shto
give
sayi
ngV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BPA
RT
CA
DJ
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
B
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
PT.I
.3SG
.M
OD
.PR
ED
.IN
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INF.
AB
S.
Whe
nth
eyha
dsa
id(s
o,th
ecr
ane)
said
,‘t
hebe
st(w
ould
be)
togi
vem
eba
itfi
sh’.
Fbe
˙ num
ma
be
˙ ni-a
i,ti
mas
ade
nnen
ıem
ma
˙ naka
i.be
˙ nun
ma
be
˙ niai
timas
ade
nnen
ıem
ma
˙ nak
aisa
ying
attim
ehe
said
they
say
tose
lfw
hat
isto
begi
ven
isa
bait
fish
-sa
ying
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPR
ON
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
OB
L.
LO
C.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
DA
T.
PAR
T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INT
.
Whe
n(t
hey)
said
so,
(the
cran
e)sa
id,
‘giv
em
eba
itfi
sh.’
H>b
o
˙ nım
mai
,m
akan
aya
bo
˙ ni-a
i,em
eke
denn
-ai.<
bo
˙ nın
mai
mak
anay
abo
˙ niai
emek
ede
nna
aisa
ying
attim
eth
ecr
ane
hesa
idth
eysa
ya
bait
fish
isto
begi
ven
sayi
ngV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
OB
L.
LO
C.
NO
M.D
EF.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INF.
INT
.
Whe
nth
eysa
id(s
o),
the
cran
esa
id,
‘giv
e(m
e)ba
itfi
sh.’
51T2 Makana
15 Aem
adi
mm
ei,
tum
bela
gen
gos
dond
iege
ali
dıdi
enne
tige
n,m
asni
bevi
gen
imve
lei
do
˙ nem
alam
ata
c
va
˙ t
˙ tali-
au.
ema
din
mei
tum
bela
gen
gos
dond
iege
ali
dıdi
emne
tigen
mas
nibe
vige
nin
vele
ido
˙ nem
alam
atas
va
˙ t˙ tali
auth
eba
itgi
ven
time
liftin
ggo
ing
ofD
.-ho
use
A.
D.
bait
not-
bein
gfi
shno
tca
tchi
ngsi
tting
attim
esh
ip’s
stee
ring
plac
ehe
drop
ped
they
say
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
PNPN
PNN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NPA
RT
CV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
M.D
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
GE
N.
NO
M.
NO
M.
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IN
OM
.N
EG
.A
BS.
III
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
GE
N.
DA
T.
PT.I
I.3S
G.
INT
.
Whe
nhe
was
give
nth
eba
itfi
sh,
heto
ok(i
tup
and)
wen
tof
f,(a
nd)
hedr
oppe
dit
onth
est
eeri
ngpl
ace
ofth
edo
˙ niju
stw
hen
Ali
Dıd
ifr
omD
ondi
e-ho
use
was
sitti
ng(t
here
)fa
iling
toca
tch
fish
(bec
ause
of)
ther
ebe
ing
noba
itfi
sh.
Fbe
˙ num
ma
emm
a
˙ natu
mbe
lage
n,ud
ihem
unud
ihem
ungo
hoba
iken
enne
tım
aha
nibe
vvig
enti
bita
kaha
va
˙ t
˙ tala
ebag
e-ai
.be
˙ nun
ma
emm
a
˙ natu
mbe
lage
nud
ihem
unud
ihem
ungo
hoba
iken
emne
tım
aha
nibe
vvig
entib
ita
kaha
va
˙ t˙ tala
ebag
eai
sayi
ngat
time
bait
fish
liftin
gby
flyi
ngby
flyi
nggo
ing
som
epe
ople
bait
fish
not
bein
gfi
shno
tbe
ing
catc
habl
ebe
ing
toa
plac
edr
oppi
nghe
wen
tof
fth
eysa
yN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
PAR
TC
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CO
BL
.L
OC
.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
RG
RN
D.
RG
RN
D.
AB
S.N
OM
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.A
BS.
NO
M.
NE
G.
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PR
S.D
AT
.IN
DE
F.A
BS.
IIPT
.IV
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Aft
ersa
ying
so,
(the
cran
e)to
okup
the
bait
fish
and
wen
ton
flyi
ngan
dfl
ying
,an
dhe
drop
ped
(it)
ona
plac
ew
here
ther
ew
ere
som
epe
ople
who
faile
dto
catc
hfi
shbe
caus
eth
eyha
dno
bait
fish
.H
>bo
˙ nım
mai
,em
atu
mbu
˙ laig
en,
mak
anay
age
likah
a
˙ tago
ho,
do
˙ niek
eba
iken
ema
nulib
egen
vo
˙ n
˙ nata
naka
ema
va
˙ t
˙ taili
-ai.<
bo
˙ nın
mai
ema
tum
bu
˙ laig
enm
akan
aya
gelik
aha
˙ tago
hodo
˙ niek
eba
iken
ema
nulib
egen
vo
˙ n
˙ nata
naka
ema
va
˙ t˙ taili
aisa
ying
attim
eth
eba
itlif
ting
the
cran
ego
neto
am
anne
rgo
ing
ado
˙ niso
me
peop
leba
itfi
shno
tge
tting
bein
gto
apl
ace
the
bait
hedr
oppe
dsa
ying
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
PAR
TC
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CO
BL
.L
OC
.N
OM
.DE
F.A
BS.
III
NO
M.D
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.G
EN
.IN
DE
F.N
OM
.N
OM
.DE
F.N
EG
.A
BS.
III
PAR
T.P
R|S
.D
AT
.IN
DE
F.N
OM
.DE
F|.
PT.I
I.3S
G.
INT
.
Whe
nhe
said
(so)
,af
ter
taki
ngth
eba
itfi
sh,
the
cran
ew
ent
onin
the
way
hew
ent
(bef
ore)
and
drop
ped
iton
apl
ace
whe
reth
ere
wer
eso
me
do
˙ ni(d
rivi
ng)
peop
lew
hofa
iled
find
ing
bait
fish
.
16 Ave
˙ t
˙ tim
ei,
ali
dıdi
hedi
leka
kı,
ema
bi
˙ liee
˙ dafe
im
asba
ga
c .ve
˙ t˙ tim
eial
idı
dihe
dile
kakı
ema
bi
˙ liee
˙ dafe
im
asba
gat
drop
ped
whe
nA
.D
.do
new
hat
aw
ayis
the
bait
fish
onho
okha
ving
put
fish
heca
ught
VE
RB
NO
UN
PNPN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
NO
M.
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
+FO
C.
NO
M.D
EF.
LO
C.
AB
S.I
NO
M.
PT.I
II.3
SG.
Whe
nhe
drop
ped
(it)
,A
.D.
(fin
ally
)ca
ught
fish
putti
ngth
eba
itfi
shon
aho
ok.
Feb
agem
ma,
mi
mıh
unm
aha
dam
agat
-ai.
ebag
enm
am
im
ıhun
mah
ada
mag
atai
gone
away
attim
eth
ese
peop
lefi
shth
eygo
tca
tchi
ngsa
ying
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CO
BL
.L
OC
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.P
L.
NO
M.
PT.I
II.3
PL.
INT
.
Whe
n(h
e)ha
dgo
neaw
ay,
thes
epe
ople
(fin
ally
)su
ccee
ded
inca
tchi
ngfi
sh.
H>m
ido
˙ nie
mıh
une
eme
laig
engo
ho,
mah
aba
iga
t-ai
.<m
ido
˙ nie
mıh
une
eme
laig
engo
hom
aha
bai
gat
aith
ese
ofdo
˙ nipe
ople
bait
fish
layi
nggo
ing
fish
catc
hing
they
got
sayi
ngD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AT
TR
.G
EN
.N
OM
.PL
.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
AB
S.N
OM
.A
BS.
PT.3
PL.
INT
.
Whe
nth
ese
do
˙ nipe
ople
used
(the
)ba
itfi
sh,
they
fina
llyca
ught
som
efi
sh.
52 Texts with interlinear analysis
17 Ate
duvi
be
˙ nı,
ama-
u,m
aen
ıda
rako
sas-
au.
tedu
vibe
˙ nıam
aau
ma
enı
dara
kosa
sau
getti
ngup
wha
the
said
was
mot
her
sayi
ngI
whe
ream
goin
gis
fire
woo
dto
cut
sayi
ngV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NO
PAR
TC
PPR
ON
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
OPA
RT
C
AB
S.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.
INT
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.N
OM
.IN
F.IN
T.
Aft
erge
tting
uphe
said
,‘m
othe
r,I
amgo
ing
tocu
tfi
rew
ood.
’
18 Fm
aha
dam
agen
tibi
vela
iba
i.m
aha
dam
agen
tibi
vela
iba
aifi
shca
tchi
ngth
eybe
ing
attim
ehe
cam
eth
eysa
yN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PR
S.L
OC
.PT
.3SG
.IN
T.
Just
whe
nth
eyca
ught
(the
)fi
sh,
(the
cran
e)ca
me
back
.
19 Am
asba
ga
c
fahu
nas
,ke
fi,
koba
tau
tim
am
ita
nve
˙ t
˙ tiem
a?m
asba
gat
fahu
nas
kefi
koba
tau
tima
mi
tan
ve˙ t˙ ti
ema?
fish
caug
htaf
ter
com
ing
hesa
idw
here
aski
ngse
lfth
ispl
ace
drop
ped
the
bait
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
IPR
ON
IPA
RT
CPR
ON
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
T.
AB
L.
AB
S.PT
.I.3
SG.
LO
C.
INT
.N
OM
.A
TT
R.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.D
EF.
Aft
er(A
.D.)
had
caug
htfi
sh(a
nd)
com
e(b
ack,
the
cran
e)sa
id,
‘whe
re,’
heas
ked,
‘is
the
bait
fish
Idr
oppe
dhe
re?’
Fah
obe
˙ ni-a
i,ti
man
kalo
gala
ka
c
lıgu
ima
˙ nadı
faga
c
ra
˙ lom
a
˙ nadı
faga
c
emm
a
˙ nako
bahe
i_e?
aho
be
˙ niai
timan
kalo
gala
kas
lıgu
ima
˙ nadı
fai
gat
ra
˙ lom
a
˙ nadı
fai
gat
emm
a
˙ nako
bahe
i_e?
com
ing
hesa
idth
eysa
yse
lflo
rdto
aro
ckla
iddr
oppi
nggi
ving
rece
ived
wav
egi
ving
rece
ived
bait
fish
whe
rew
ell-
aski
ngV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
+D
IMV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
N+
DIM
IPR
ON
AD
V+
IPA
RT
C
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
UN
AB
S.I
(M!)
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
AB
S.I
(M!)
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
LO
C.
INT
.
Com
ing
(bac
k)he
said
aski
ng,
‘whe
reis
the
bait
fish
Ire
ceiv
edgi
ving
the
wav
eI
had
rece
ived
givi
ngth
edr
oppi
ngI
had
laid
ona
rock
?’H
>mah
aba
iga
nna
ta,
mak
anay
aah
obo
˙ ni-a
i,ti
mm
ıha
galu
ko
˙ da
c
lıgu
adı
fai
ga
c
ra
˙ ladı
fai
gate
ema
koba
ihe
?<m
aha
bai
gann
ata
mak
anay
aah
obo
˙ niai
timm
ıha
galu
ko
˙ das
lıgu
adı
fai
gat
ra
˙ ladı
fai
gate
ema
koba
ihe
?fi
shca
tchi
ngge
tting
atm
omen
tth
ecr
ane
com
ing
said
they
say
self
the
man
rock
topi
ece
laid
the
drop
ping
givi
nggo
tth
ew
ave
givi
nggo
tth
eba
itw
here
aski
ngN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NIP
RO
NIP
AR
TC
NO
M.
AB
S.PA
RT
.PR
S.O
BL
.N
OM
.DE
F.A
BS.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.DE
F.O
BL
.D
AT
.PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.DE
F.A
BS.
I(M
!)PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.DE
F.A
BS.
I(M
!)PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.DE
F.L
OC
.IN
T.
Just
atth
em
omen
tw
hen
they
caug
ht(t
he)
fish
,th
ecr
ane
cam
e(b
ack)
and
said
,‘w
here
isth
eba
itfi
shI
rece
ived
bygi
ving
the
wav
eI
(mys
elf)
rece
ived
bygi
ving
the
drop
ping
Iha
dla
idup
ona
piec
eof
rock
?
53T2 Makana
20 Ata
ema
c
kan,
ma
ema
c
kan
dene
ti,
tim
am
asni
bevi
gen
hing
ave
lei
fe
˙ nene
ema
mei
-au,
tim
am
asba
gam
m-a
u.ta
emak
kam
ma
emak
kam
dene
titim
am
asni
bevi
gen
hing
ave
lei
fe
˙ nene
ema
mei
autim
am
asba
gam
ma
auyo
ura
bait
whe
ther
my
aba
itw
heth
erno
tkn
owin
gse
lffi
shno
tca
tchi
nggo
ing
whe
nap
pear
edth
eba
itbe
caus
eof
sayi
ngse
lffi
shI
caug
htsa
ying
PPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
PPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
PRO
NN
OU
NPA
RT
CV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
NO
M.
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
NO
M.
AB
S.N
OM
.N
OM
.N
EG
.A
BS.
III
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.D
EF.
LO
C.
INT
.N
OM
.N
OM
.PT
.III
.1PL
.IN
T.
Not
know
ing
whe
ther
(it
is)
your
bait
fish
orou
rba
itfi
sh,
we
fina
llyca
ught
fish
beca
use
ofth
eba
itw
hich
appe
ared
whe
nw
ew
ere
goin
gar
ound
faili
ngto
catc
hfi
sh.
Fbe
˙ num
ma
mıh
unbe
˙ ni-a
i,ka
loem
ma
˙ naka
nde
neti
,m
aha
baga
mm
-ai.
be
˙ nun
ma
mıh
unbe
˙ niai
kalo
emm
a
˙ naka
mde
neti
mah
aba
gam
ma
aisa
ying
attim
epe
ople
(the
y)sa
idth
eysa
ylo
rdba
itfi
shth
atno
tkn
owin
gfi
shw
ere
ceiv
edsa
ying
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
NO
M.P
L.
PT.3
PL.
EX
T.
OB
L.
NO
M.
NO
M.
AB
S.N
OM
.PT
.III
1PL
.IN
T.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o),
(the
y)sa
id,
‘not
know
ing
that
(it
was
)yo
urba
itfi
sh,
we
fina
llyca
ught
(som
e)fi
sh.
H>b
o
˙ nım
mai
,e
do
˙ nie
mıh
une
bo
˙ ni-a
i,ta
ema
c
kan
tim
fela
neem
a
c
kan
nuen
ge,
tim
fela
ema
laig
engo
ho,
mah
aba
gati
mai
.<bo
˙ nın
mai
edo
˙ nie
mıh
une
bo
˙ niai
taem
akka
mtim
fela
neem
akka
mnu
enge
timfe
laem
ala
igen
goho
mah
aba
gatim
aisa
ying
whe
nth
ose
ofdo
˙ nipe
ople
said
they
say
your
aba
itw
heth
erse
lfpe
ople
aba
itw
heth
erno
tkn
owin
gse
lfpe
ople
the
bait
layi
nggo
ing
fish
catc
hing
we
got
sayi
ngV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
PPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
PAR
TC
VE
RB
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
AT
TR
.G
EN
.N
OM
.PL
.PT
.3PL
.E
XT
.O
BL
.O
BL
.IN
DE
F.N
OM
.O
BL
.O
BL
.PL
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.N
OM
.N
EG
.A
BS.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
AB
S.N
OM
.A
BS.
PT.1
PL.
INT
.
Whe
nhe
said
(so)
,th
ose
do
˙ nipe
ople
said
,‘n
otkn
owin
gw
heth
er(i
tis
)yo
urba
itfi
shor
our
(ow
n)ba
itfi
sh,
we
(fin
ally
)ca
ught
som
efi
sh.
21 Ata
cde
˙ nei
mah
ac
tau,
ema
cta
u?ta
sde
˙ neı
mah
akta
uem
akta
u?to
you
wha
tsh
all
begi
ven
isa
fish
aski
nga
bait
aski
ngPP
RO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NIP
AR
TC
NO
UN
IPA
RT
C
DA
T.
PAR
T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INT
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.IN
T.
Shal
lw
egi
veyo
ua
fish
orba
itfi
sh?’
Fka
losa
denn
enı
mas
ma
˙ na
c
tai
emm
a
˙ na
c
tai?
kalo
sade
nnen
ım
asm
a
˙ nak
tai
emm
a
˙ nak
tai?
tolo
rdw
hat
isto
begi
ven
isa
fish
eith
era
bait
fish
orN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
N+
DIM
IPA
RT
CN
OU
N+
DIM
IPA
RT
C
DA
T.
PAR
T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.
CO
NJ.
NO
M.
CO
NJ.
Shal
lw
egi
veyo
ua
fish
orba
itfi
sh?’
H>e
mak
ede
ma
he,
mah
eke
dem
ahe
?<em
ake
dem
ahe
mah
eke
dem
ahe
?a
bait
fish
we
give
aski
nga
fish
we
give
aski
ngN
OU
NV
ER
BIP
AR
TC
NO
UN
VE
RB
IPA
RT
C
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PRS.
1PL
.IN
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PRS.
1PL
.IN
T.
Shal
lw
egi
ve(y
ou)
bait
fish
,(o
r)sh
all
we
give
(you
)a
fish
?
54 Texts with interlinear analysis
22 Aem
me
rang
a
˙ l-au
,m
aha
c
de
c
kei.
emm
era
nga
˙ laau
mah
akde
ske
im
ost
ofal
lbe
autif
ulsa
ying
afi
shto
give
sayi
ngPA
RT
CA
DJ
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
B
MO
D.
PRE
D.
INT
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.IN
F.A
BS.
‘The
best
(wou
ldbe
),’
hesa
id,
‘to
give
(me)
afi
sh’.
Fbe
˙ num
ma
be
˙ ni-a
i,ti
mas
ade
nnen
ım
asm
a
˙ nak-
ai.
be
˙ nun
ma
be
˙ niai
timas
ade
nnen
ım
asm
a
˙ nak
aisa
ying
attim
ehe
said
they
say
tose
lfw
hat
isto
begi
ven
isa
fish
sayi
ngV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PRO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
DA
T.
PAR
T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INT
.
Whe
n(t
hey)
said
so,
(the
cran
e)sa
id,
‘giv
em
ea
fish
.’H
>bo
˙ nım
mai
,m
akan
aya
bo
˙ ni-a
i,m
ahek
ede
nn-a
i.<bo
˙ nın
mai
mak
anay
abo
˙ niai
mah
eke
denn
eai
sayi
ngat
time
the
cran
ehe
said
they
say
afi
shis
tobe
give
nsa
ying
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
NO
M.D
EF.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.F
UT
.IN
T.
Whe
n(t
hey)
said
(so)
,th
ecr
ane
said
,‘g
ive
(me)
afi
sh.’
23 Fbe
˙ num
ma
dere
fi-a
i.be
˙ num
ma
dere
fiai
sayi
ngat
time
gave
they
say
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
OB
L.
LO
C.
PT.I
.3PL
.E
XT
.
Whe
n(h
e)ha
dsa
id(s
o),
(the
y)ga
ve(i
tto
him
).
55T2 Makana
24 Am
aha
dim
mei
,m
aha
tum
bela
gen
gos,
e
c
baki
nda
raho
da
c
tibi
vele
iev
erin
kuri
mat
ta
c
mah
ava
˙ t
˙ tala
im
ide
ebeg
e.m
aha
din
mei
mah
atu
mbe
lage
ngo
sek
baki
nda
raho
das
tibi
vele
iev
erin
kuri
mat
tas
mah
ava
˙ t˙ tala
im
ide
ebeg
eth
efi
shgi
ven
whe
nth
efi
shlif
ting
goin
gon
eso
me
peop
lefi
rew
ood
tose
ekbe
ing
whe
nth
eyin
fron
tof
the
fish
havi
ngdr
oppe
dth
ison
ew
ent
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
CA
RD
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
PPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
DPR
ON
VE
RB
NO
M.D
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
NO
M.D
EF.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.N
OM
.IN
F.PA
RT
.PR
S.L
OC
.O
BL
.PL
.D
AT
.N
OM
.DE
F.A
BS.
IIN
OM
.PT
.3SG
.
Whe
n(t
hey)
had
give
n(h
im)
the
fish
,(t
hecr
ane)
took
(it)
up(a
nd)
wen
t(o
nan
d),
just
whe
n(t
here
wer
e)so
me
peop
le(w
ho)
wer
ese
ekin
gfi
rew
ood,
hedr
oppe
dth
efi
shin
fron
tof
thes
epe
ople
(and
)w
ent
off
(aga
in).
Fm
im
asm
a
˙ natu
mbe
lage
n,ud
ihem
unud
ihem
ungo
ho,
Mel
iage
Dia
daro
huva
nna
hısi
vela
ie
tana
hava
˙ t
˙ tala
fai
ebag
e-ai
.m
im
asm
a
˙ natu
mbe
lage
nud
ihem
unud
ihem
ungo
hoM
elia
geD
iada
rohu
vann
ahı
sive
lai
eta
naha
va
˙ t˙ tala
fai
ebag
eai
this
fish
liftin
gby
flyi
ngby
flyi
nggo
ing
ofM
.da
ught
erfi
rew
ood
look
ing
for
bein
gat
time
that
topl
ace
havi
ngdr
oppe
dhe
wen
tof
fth
eysa
yD
PRO
NN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AT
TR
.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
RG
RN
D.
RG
RN
D.
AB
S.G
EN
.O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
F.PA
RT
.PR
S.L
OC
.A
TT
R.
DA
T.
AB
S.I+
IIPT
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Tak
ing
this
fish
and
goin
gon
flyi
ngan
dfl
ying
,he
drop
ped
(it)
just
whe
nM
.D.
was
ther
ein
orde
rto
look
for
fire
woo
d,at
that
plac
e(h
edr
oppe
dit)
.H
>mah
atu
mbu
laig
en,
indi
hege
ne
gelik
aha
˙ tago
ho,
bavv
i-ai
dara
hoeg
ena
mıh
akun
dara
bon
˙ daku
mat
te.<
mah
atu
mbu
laig
enin
dihe
gen
ege
likah
a
˙ tago
hoba
vvı
aida
raho
egen
am
ıhak
unda
rabo
n
˙ daku
mat
teth
efi
shlif
ting
flyi
ngup
that
gone
toa
man
ner
goin
gw
here
hepu
tw
asth
eysa
yfi
rew
ood
look
ing
for
com
efr
oma
man
fire
woo
da
bund
leup
onN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BD
PRO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
M.D
EF.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
III
AT
TR
.PA
RT
.PT
.D
AT
.IN
DE
F.A
BS.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PT
.A
BL
.IN
DE
F.O
BL
.O
BL
.IN
DE
F.L
OC
.
Tak
ing
the
fish
,(t
hecr
ane)
wen
ton
inth
ew
ayhe
had
gone
(bef
ore)
,an
d(h
e)pu
tit
ona
bund
leof
fire
woo
dof
am
anw
hoha
dco
me
(the
re)
look
ing
for
fire
woo
d.
25 Feb
agem
ma,
mia
hedı
va
˙ dam
akı,
mi
mah
ana
gage
nm
eluv
agen
kafi
-ai.
ebag
enm
am
iahe
dıva
˙ dam
akı
mi
mah
ana
gage
nm
eluv
agen
kafi
aigo
ing
away
attim
eth
ison
edo
new
hat
am
anne
ris
this
fish
taki
ngco
okin
gsh
eat
eth
eysa
yV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
ND
PRO
NV
ER
BN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
+FO
C.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
AB
S.II
IPT
.I.3
SG.
EX
T.
Whe
n(h
e)ha
dgo
neaw
ay(a
gain
),sh
eto
okth
efi
shan
daf
ter
cook
ing
it,sh
eat
e(i
t).
H>b
avım
mai
,m
im
ıha
hedı
lihak
u,m
aha
naga
iga
t-ai
.<ba
vın
mai
mi
mıh
ahe
dılih
aku
mah
ana
gai
gat
aipu
tting
whe
nth
isth
em
ando
nea
man
ner
the
fish
liftin
ghe
got
they
say
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
OB
L.
LO
C.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.DE
F.PA
RT
.PT
.O
BL
.IN
DE
F.N
OM
.DE
F.A
BS.
PT.3
SG.
INT
.
Whe
nhe
had
left
(the
fish
ther
e),
this
man
took
the
fish
off.
56 Texts with interlinear analysis
26 Aka
fifa
hun,
mak
ana
bai.
kafi
fahu
nm
akan
aba
aiea
ten
afte
rth
ecr
ane
heca
me
they
say
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
PAR
T.P
T.
AB
L.
NO
M.D
EF.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
Aft
er(t
hey)
had
eate
n(t
hefi
sh),
the
cran
eca
me
(bac
k).
Fka
fehi
sive
lai
bai-
ai.
kafe
hisi
vela
iba
aiai
havi
ngea
ten
she
bein
gat
time
heca
me
they
say
they
say
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.I
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
PT.3
SG.
INT
.IN
T.
Just
whe
n(s
he)
had
eate
n(i
t),
(the
cran
e)ca
me
back
.
27 Aas
kefi
,ko
bata
uti
ma
mi
tan
ve
˙ t
˙ tim
aha?
aske
fiko
bata
utim
am
ita
nve
˙ t˙ tim
aha?
com
ing
hesa
idw
here
aski
ngse
lfth
ispl
ace
drop
ped
the
fish
VE
RB
VE
RB
IPR
ON
IPA
RT
CPR
ON
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
AB
S.PT
.I.3
SG.
LO
C.
INT
.O
BL
.A
TT
R.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.D
EF.
Com
ing,
hesa
id,
‘whe
re,’
heas
ked,
‘is
the
fish
Idr
oppe
dhe
re?’
Fah
obe
˙ ni-a
i,ti
man
kalo
gala
ka
c
lıgu
ima
˙ nadı
faga
c
ra
˙ lom
a
˙ nadı
faga
c
emm
a
˙ nadı
faga
c
mas
ma
˙ nako
bahe
i_e?
aho
be
˙ niai
timan
kalo
gala
kas
lıgu
ima
˙ nadı
fai
gat
ra
˙ lom
a
˙ nadı
fai
gat
emm
a
˙ nadı
fai
gat
mas
ma
˙ nako
bahe
i_e?
com
ing
hesa
idth
eysa
yse
lflo
rdto
aro
ckla
iddr
oppi
nggi
ving
rece
ived
wav
egi
ving
rece
ived
bait
fish
givi
ngre
ceiv
edfi
shw
here
wel
las
king
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
+D
IMV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
+D
IMV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
N+
DIM
IPR
ON
AD
V+
IPA
RT
C
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
UN
AB
S.I
(M!)
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
AB
S.I
(M!)
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
AB
S.I
(M!)
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
LO
C.
INT
.
Com
ing
(bac
k),
hesa
idas
king
,‘w
here
isth
efi
shI
rece
ived
givi
ngth
eba
itfi
shI
had
rece
ived
givi
ngth
ew
ave
Iha
dre
ceiv
edgi
ving
the
drop
ping
Iha
dla
idon
aro
ck?’
H>n
agai
gatu
mm
ai,
mak
anay
aah
obo
˙ ni-a
i,ti
mm
ıha
gua
dıfa
iga
tera
˙ ladı
fai
gate
ema
dıfa
iga
tem
aha
koba
ihe
?<na
gai
gatu
nm
aim
akan
aya
aho
bo
˙ niai
timm
ıha
gua
dıfa
iga
tera
˙ ladı
fai
gate
ema
dıfa
iga
tem
aha
koba
ihe
?lif
ting
getti
ngw
hen
the
cran
eco
min
ghe
said
they
say
self
the
man
the
drop
ping
givi
nggo
tth
ew
ave
givi
nggo
tth
eba
itgi
ving
got
the
fish
whe
reas
king
VE
RB
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
IPR
ON
IPA
RT
C
AB
S.O
BL
.L
OC
.N
OM
.DE
F.A
BS.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.DE
F.N
OM
.DE
F.A
BS.
IPA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.DE
F.A
BS.
IPA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.DE
F.A
BS.
IPA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.DE
F.L
OC
.IN
T.
Whe
nhe
took
(the
fish
)of
f,th
ecr
ane
cam
ean
dsa
id,
‘whe
reis
the
fish
Ire
ceiv
edby
givi
ngth
eba
itfi
shI
had
rece
ived
bygi
ving
the
wav
eI
had
rece
ived
bygi
ving
my
own
drop
ping
?’
57T2 Makana
28 Ata
mah
a
c
kan,
tim
amen
mah
a
c
kan
dene
ti,
kafi
m-a
u.ta
mah
akka
mtim
amen
mah
akka
mde
neti
kafi
ma
auyo
ura
fish
whe
ther
selv
esa
fish
whe
ther
not
know
ing
we
ate
sayi
ngPP
RO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
NO
M.
OB
L.P
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
NO
M.
AB
S.PT
.I.1
PL.
INT
.
‘Not
know
ing
whe
ther
(it)
isyo
urfi
shor
our
(ow
n)fi
sh,
we
ate
it.’
Fbe
˙ num
ma
be
˙ ni-a
i,ka
lom
asm
a
˙ naka
nde
neti
kafı
m-a
i.be
˙ nun
ma
be
˙ niai
kalo
mas
ma
˙ naka
nde
neti
kafı
mai
sayi
ngat
time
she
said
they
say
lord
fish
that
not
know
ing
Iat
esa
ying
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
OB
L.
NO
M.
NO
M.
AB
S.PT
.I.1
SG.
INT
.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o),
(she
)sa
id,
‘not
know
ing
that
(it
was
)yo
urfi
sh,
Iat
eit.
’H
>bo
˙ nım
mai
,m
im
ıha
bo
˙ ni-a
i,ti
mm
ıha
mah
aka
ifım
-ai.<
bo
˙ nın
mai
mi
mıh
abo
˙ niai
timm
ıha
mah
aka
ifım
aisa
ying
attim
eth
isth
em
anhe
said
they
say
self
the
man
the
fish
Iat
esa
ying
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.DE
F.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.D
EF.
NO
M.D
EF.
PT.I
.1SG
.IN
T.
Whe
nhe
said
(so)
,th
em
ansa
id,
‘I(m
ysel
f)ha
veea
ten
the
fish
.’
29 Ata
c
de˙ ne
ida
rabe
n˙ da
c
tau,
mah
ac
tau?
tas
de
˙ neı
dara
ben
˙ dak
tau
mah
akta
u?to
you
wha
tsh
all
begi
ven
isa
fire
woo
dbu
ndle
aski
nga
fish
aski
ngPP
RO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NIP
AR
TC
NO
UN
IPA
RT
C
DA
T.
PAR
T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INT
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.IN
T.
‘Sha
ll(w
e)gi
veyo
ua
bund
leof
fire
woo
dor
afi
sh?’
Fka
losa
denn
enı
mas
ma
˙ na
c
tai
daro
ma
˙ na
c
tai?
kalo
sade
nnen
ım
asm
a
˙ nak
tai
daro
ma
˙ nak
tai?
tolo
rdw
hat
isto
begi
ven
isa
fish
eith
erso
me
fire
woo
dor
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
+D
IMIP
AR
TC
NO
UN
+D
IMIP
AR
TC
DA
T.
PAR
T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.
CO
NJ.
NO
M.
CO
NJ.
‘Sha
llw
egi
veyo
ua
fish
ora
(bun
dle
of)
fire
woo
d?’
H>d
ara
bon
˙ deke
dem
ahe
,m
ahek
ede
ma
he?<
dara
bon
˙ deke
dem
ahe
mah
eke
dem
ahe
?fi
rew
ood
abu
ndle
we
give
aski
nga
fish
we
give
aski
ngN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BIP
AR
TC
NO
UN
VE
RB
IPA
RT
C
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PRS.
1SG
.IN
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PRS.
1SG
.IN
T.
‘Sha
llI
give
(you
)a
bund
leof
fire
woo
dor
shal
lI
give
(you
)a
fish
?’
58 Texts with interlinear analysis
30 Fbe
˙ num
ma
be
˙ ni-a
iti
mas
ade
nnen
ıda
rom
a
˙ n-ai
.be
˙ nun
ma
be
˙ niai
timas
ade
nnen
ıda
rom
a
˙ naai
sayi
ngat
time
hesa
idth
eysa
yto
self
wha
tis
tobe
give
nis
the
fire
woo
dsa
ying
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPR
ON
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
CO
BL
.L
OC
.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.D
AT
.PA
RT
.FU
T.+
FOC
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.IN
T.
Whe
n(s
he)
said
so,
(the
cran
e)sa
id,
‘giv
em
eth
efi
rew
ood
(bun
dle)
.’31 F
be
˙ num
ma
dere
fi-a
i.be
˙ nun
ma
dere
fiai
sayi
ngat
time
she
gave
they
say
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CO
BL
.L
OC
.PT
.I.3
SG.
EX
T.
Whe
n(h
e)ha
dsa
id(s
o),
(she
)ga
ve(i
tto
him
).
32 Abe
˙ nim
ei,
dara
ben
˙ da
c
dim
mei
,da
rabe
n
˙ die
tum
bela
gen
gos
Mel
iage
Dı
Kal
ofa
nal
aira
hia
c
inta
ka
c
va
˙ t
˙ tali.
be
˙ nim
eida
rabe
n
˙ dak
din
mei
dara
ben
˙ dia
tum
bela
gen
gos
Mel
iage
Dı
Kal
ofa
nal
aira
hias
inta
kas
va
˙ t˙ tali
said
whe
na
fire
woo
dbu
ndle
give
nw
hen
the
fire
woo
dbu
ndle
liftin
ggo
ing
ofM
.-ho
use
Dı
Kal
ole
aves
layi
ngto
ddy
tobo
ilsi
tting
toa
plac
edr
oppe
dV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BPN
PNPN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
NO
M.D
EF.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
GE
N.
NO
M.
NO
M.
NO
M.
AB
S.N
OM
.IN
F.PA
RT
.PR
S.D
AT
.IN
DE
F.PT
.II.
3SG
.
Whe
n(t
hey)
had
said
(so)
(and
)w
hen
(the
y)ha
dgi
ven
(him
)a
bund
leof
fire
woo
d,he
took
it,w
ent
(off
)(a
nd)
drop
ped
(it)
ata
plac
ew
here
M.D
.K.
was
sitti
ngla
ying
out
coco
nut
leav
esin
orde
rto
boil
todd
y.F
dinu
mm
a,da
rom
a
˙ natu
mbe
lage
nud
ihem
unud
ihem
ungo
ho,
baik
enda
rone
tıfa
nva
llafe
rahi
enna
tibi
taka
hava
˙ t
˙ tala
ieb
age-
ai.
dinu
nm
ada
rom
a˙ na
tum
bela
gen
udih
emun
udih
emun
goho
baik
enda
rone
tıfa
nva
llafe
rahi
enna
tibi
taka
hava
˙ t˙ tala
ieb
age
aigi
ving
whe
nfi
rew
ood
liftin
gby
flyi
ngby
flyi
nggo
ing
som
efi
rew
ood
not
bein
gle
aves
layi
ngto
ddy
toco
okbe
ing
toa
plac
eha
ving
drop
ped
wen
tof
fth
eysa
yV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CO
BL
.L
OC
.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
RG
RN
D.
RG
RN
D.
AB
S.O
BL
.N
OM
.A
BS.
NO
M.
INF.
NO
M.
INF.
PAR
T.P
S.D
AT
.IN
DE
F.A
BS.
IIPT
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Whe
n(s
he)
gave
it(t
ohi
m),
(he)
,ta
king
upth
efi
rew
ood
bund
lean
dgo
ing
onfl
ying
and
flyi
ng,
drop
ped
(it)
ata
plac
ew
here
ther
ew
ere
som
epe
ople
(who
wer
e)la
ying
out
leav
es(o
nth
e)gr
ound
tobo
ilto
ddy
beca
use
they
had
nofi
rew
ood.
H>b
o
˙ nım
mai
,da
rabo
n
˙ datu
mbu
laig
en,
indi
hege
nge
likah
a
˙ tago
ho,
<bo
˙ nın
mai
dara
bon
˙ datu
mbu
laig
enin
dihe
gen
gelik
aha
˙ tago
hosa
ying
attim
efi
rew
ood
the
bund
lelif
ting
flyi
ngup
gone
toth
em
anne
rgo
ing
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
OB
L.
LO
C.
OB
L.
OB
L.D
EF.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
III
PAR
T.P
T.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.
Whe
nhe
said
(so)
,(t
hecr
ane)
flew
off
taki
ngth
efi
rew
ood
(and
)w
ent
onin
the
way
heha
dgo
ne(b
efor
e).
32a
H>d
ara
bon
˙ daba
vı-a
ifa
nja
haig
enra
hind
uvan
neba
iken
gege
doro
.<da
rabo
n
˙ daba
vıai
fan
jaha
igen
rahi
nduv
anne
baik
enge
gedo
rofi
rew
ood
the
bund
lehe
put
they
say
leav
espu
shin
gto
ddy
cook
ing
ofso
me
peop
leof
hous
eto
(doo
r)N
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
OB
L.
OB
L.D
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
EX
T.
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IN
OM
.PA
RT
.PR
S.G
EN
.G
EN
.O
BL
.
and
laid
dow
nth
efi
rew
ood
bund
leat
(the
hous
eof
)so
me
peop
lew
how
ere
boili
ngto
ddy
bypu
tting
coco
nut
leav
es(i
nth
efi
re).
59T2 Makana
33 Aea
hedi
leka
kı,
dara
ben
˙ die
lafe
i,ra
hiag
a
c .ea
hedi
leka
kıda
rabe
n
˙ dia
lafe
ira
hiag
atsh
edo
new
hat
aw
ayis
the
fire
woo
dbu
ndle
havi
ngla
idto
ddy
she
boile
dPP
RO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
B
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
+FO
C.
NO
M.D
EF.
AB
S.I
NO
M.
PT.I
II.3
SG.
Lay
ing
out
the
fire
woo
dbu
ndle
,sh
e(f
inal
lym
anag
edto
)bo
ilto
ddy.
Feb
agem
ma,
mi
mıh
unhe
dıva
˙ dam
akı,
rahi
agat
t-ai
.eb
agen
ma
mi
mıh
unhe
dıva
˙ dam
akı
rahi
agat
taai
goin
gaw
ayat
time
thes
epe
ople
done
wha
ta
man
ner
isto
ddy
got
cook
edth
eysa
yV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PL
.PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.+
FOC
.N
OM
.PT
.III
.3PL
.IN
T.
Whe
n(h
e)ha
dgo
neaw
ay,
she
got
the
todd
ybo
iled.
H baha
iov
vai
mi
mıh
unda
rabo
n
˙ daja
haif
aira
hind
uvai
gatta
aipu
tting
havi
ngla
idth
ese
peop
lefi
rew
ood
the
bund
lehi
tting
todd
yco
okin
gth
eygo
tth
eysa
yV
ER
BV
ER
BD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.A
BS.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.PL
.O
BL
.N
OM
.DE
F.A
BS.
IN
OM
.A
BS.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
Aft
erpu
tting
itth
ere,
they
succ
eede
din
boili
ngth
eto
ddy
bypu
tting
the
fire
woo
d(i
nth
efi
re).
34 Ahi
aga
c
fahu
n,as
kefi
,ko
bata
uti
ma
mi
tan
ve˙ t
˙ tida
rabe
n˙ di
e?hi
agat
fahu
nas
kefi
koba
tau
tima
mi
tan
ve
˙ t˙ tida
rabe
n
˙ dia?
cook
edaf
ter
com
ing
hesa
idw
here
aski
ngse
lfth
ispl
ace
drop
ped
the
fire
woo
dbu
ndle
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
IPR
ON
IPA
RT
CPR
ON
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
PAR
T.P
T.
AB
L.
AB
S.PT
.I.3
SG.
LO
C.
INT
.O
BL
.A
TT
R.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.D
EF.
Aft
er(s
he)
had
cook
ed(i
t),
the
cran
esa
idco
min
g(b
ack)
,‘w
here
,’he
aske
d,‘i
sth
efi
rew
ood
bund
leI
drop
ped
here
?’H
>ra
hind
uvai
gat
tai
mak
anay
aah
obo
˙ ni-a
i,ko
bahe
tim
mıh
ada
rabo
n
˙ da?<
rahi
nduv
aiga
tta
im
akan
aya
aho
bo
˙ niai
koba
hetim
mıh
ada
rabo
n
˙ da?
todd
yco
okin
ggo
tat
mom
ent
the
cran
eco
min
ghe
said
they
say
whe
reas
king
self
the
man
fire
woo
dth
ebu
ndle
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CIP
RO
NIP
AR
TC
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
N
NO
M.
AB
S.PA
RT
.PT
.L
OC
.N
OM
.DE
F.A
BS.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
LO
C.
INT
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.D
EF.
OB
L.
NO
M.D
EF.
Just
whe
nth
eyha
dgo
t(t
he)
todd
ybo
iling
,th
ecr
ane
cam
e(b
ack)
and
said
aski
ng,
‘whe
reis
my
fire
woo
dbu
ndle
?’F
aho
be
˙ ni-a
i,ti
man
kalo
gala
ka
c
lıgu
ima
˙ nadı
faga
c
ra
˙ lom
a
˙ nadı
faga
c
emm
a
˙ nadı
faga
c .ah
obe
˙ niai
timan
kalo
gala
kas
lıgu
ima
˙ nadı
fai
gat
ra
˙ lom
a
˙ nadı
fai
gat
emm
a
˙ nadı
fai
gat
com
ing
hesa
idth
eysa
yse
lflo
rdto
aro
ckla
iddr
oppi
nggi
ving
rece
ived
wav
egi
ving
rece
ived
bait
fish
givi
ngre
ceiv
edV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
+D
IMV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
VE
RB
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.IN
T.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.D
AT
.IN
DE
F.PA
RT
.PT
.N
OU
NA
BS.
I(M
!)PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.A
BS.
I(M
!)PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.A
BS.
I(M
!)PA
RT
.PT
.
Com
ing
(bac
k)he
said
aski
ng,
‘whe
reis
the
fire
woo
d(b
undl
e)I
rece
ived
givi
ngth
efi
shI
had
rece
ived
givi
ngth
eba
itfi
shI
had
rece
ived
givi
ngth
ew
ave
Iha
dre
ceiv
e
60 Texts with interlinear analysis
34a
Fm
asm
a
˙ nadi
faga
c
daro
ma
˙ nako
bahe
i-e?
mas
ma
˙ nadı
fai
gat
daro
ma
˙ nako
bahe
i_e?
fish
givi
ngre
ceiv
edfi
rew
ood
whe
rew
ell-
aski
ngN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
+D
IMIP
RO
NA
DV
+IP
AR
TC
NO
M.
AB
S.I
(M!)
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
LO
C.
INT
.
givi
ngth
eba
itfi
shI
had
rece
ived
givi
ngth
ew
ave
Iha
dre
ceiv
edgi
ving
the
drop
ping
Iha
dla
idon
aro
ck?’
35 Abe
˙ nim
ei,
dıka
loke
fi,
tada
rabe
n
˙ da
c
kan,
tim
ada
rabe
n
˙ da
c
kan
dene
ti,
tim
ara
hiag
amm
-au.
be
˙ nim
eidı
kalo
kefi
tada
rabe
n
˙ dak
kam
tima
dara
ben
˙ dak
kam
dene
titim
ara
hiag
atim
ausa
idw
hen
Dı
Kal
osh
esa
idyo
ura
fire
woo
dbu
ndle
whe
ther
self
afi
rew
ood
bund
lew
heth
erno
tkn
owin
gse
lfto
ddy
Ibo
iled
sayi
ngV
ER
BN
OU
NPN
PNV
ER
BPP
RO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
NO
M.
NO
M.
PT.I
.3SG
.O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.N
OM
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
NO
M.
AB
S.N
OM
.N
OM
.PT
.III
.1SG
.IN
T.
Whe
nhe
had
said
(so)
,D
.K.
said
,‘n
otkn
owin
gw
heth
er(i
tis
)yo
urfi
rew
ood
bund
leor
my
(ow
n)fi
rew
ood
bund
le,
I(f
inal
ly)
got
(the
)to
ddy
boile
d.’
Fbe
˙ nam
im
ıhun
be
˙ ni-a
i,ka
loda
rom
a
˙ naka
nde
neti
,ti
mam
enra
hiag
amm
-ai.
be
˙ nam
im
ıhun
be
˙ niai
kalo
daro
ma
˙ naka
mde
neti
timam
enra
hiag
amm
aai
sayi
ngth
ese
peop
leth
eysa
idth
eysa
ylo
rdfi
rew
ood
that
not
know
ing
selv
esto
ddy
we
got
cook
ing
sayi
ngV
ER
BD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.A
TT
R.
NO
M.P
L.
PT.3
PL.
EX
T.
OB
L.
NO
M.
NO
M.
AB
S.N
OM
.PL
.N
OM
.PT
.III
.1PL
.IN
T.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o),
thes
epe
ople
said
,‘n
otkn
owin
gth
at(i
tw
as)
your
fire
woo
dw
e(o
urse
lves
)go
t(o
ur)
todd
ybo
iled.
’H
>bo
˙ nım
mai
,m
im
ıhun
bo
˙ niai
,ti
mm
ıhun
rahi
nduv
aiga
tum
mai
,da
rabo
n
˙ dake
dem
ahe
,ra
ike
dem
ahe
?<bo
˙ nın
mai
mi
mıh
unbo
˙ niai
timm
ıhun
rahi
nduv
aiga
tun
mai
dara
bon
˙ dake
dem
ahe
raik
ede
ma
he?
sayi
ngat
time
thes
epe
ople
said
they
say
self
peop
leto
ddy
cook
ing
getti
ngat
time
fire
woo
da
bund
lew
egi
veas
king
ato
ddy
we
give
aski
ngV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BIP
AR
TC
NO
UN
VE
RB
IPA
RT
C
OB
L.
LO
C.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.PL
.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.P
L.
NO
M.
AB
S.O
BL
.L
OC
.O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.PR
S.1P
L.
INT
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.PR
S.1P
L.
INT
.
Aft
er(h
is)
sayi
ng(s
o),
thes
epe
ople
said
aski
ng,
‘aft
erw
ego
t(o
ur)
todd
ybo
iling
,sh
all
we
give
(you
)a
fire
woo
dbu
ndle
(or)
shal
lw
egi
ve(y
ou)
som
eto
ddy?
’
36 Ata
c
de
˙ nei
dara
ben
˙ da
c
tau,
fani
tu
˙ lela
c
tau?
tas
de
˙ neı
dara
ben
˙ dak
tau
fani
tu
˙ lela
kta
u?to
you
wha
tsh
all
begi
ven
isa
fire
woo
dbu
ndle
aski
ngtr
eacl
ea
mea
sure
aski
ngPP
RO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NIP
AR
TC
NO
UN
NO
UN
IPA
RT
C
DA
T.
PAR
T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INT
.O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.IN
T.
‘Sha
ll(I
)gi
veyo
ua
fire
woo
dbu
ndle
orso
me
(lit.
"am
easu
reof
")tr
eacl
e?’
Fka
losa
denı
fani
ma
˙ na
c
tai,
daro
ma
˙ na
c
tai?
kalo
sade
nıfa
nim
a
˙ nak
tai
daro
ma
˙ nak
tai?
tolo
rdw
hat
isto
begi
ven
istr
eacl
eei
ther
fire
woo
dor
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
+D
IMIP
AR
TC
NO
UN
+D
IMIP
AR
TC
DA
T.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
NO
M.
CO
NJ.
NO
M.
CO
NJ.
‘Sha
llw
egi
veyo
uso
me
trea
cle
orso
me
fire
woo
d?’
61T2 Makana
37 Abe
˙ nim
ei,
kefi
,em
me
rang
a
˙ l-au
,fa
nitu
˙ lela
c
de
c
kei.
be
˙ nim
eike
fiem
me
rang
a
˙ laau
fani
tu
˙ lela
kde
ske
isa
idw
hen
hesa
idm
ost
ofal
lbe
autif
ulsa
ying
trea
cle
am
easu
reto
give
sayi
ngV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BPA
RT
CA
DJ
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
B
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
PT.I
.3SG
.M
OD
.PR
ED
.IN
T.
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INF.
AB
S.
Whe
nsh
esa
id(s
o),
hesa
id,
‘(it)
wou
ldbe
best
togi
ve(m
e)so
me
(lit.
"am
easu
reof
")tr
eacl
e.’
Fbe
˙ ni-a
i,ti
mas
ade
nnen
ıfa
nim
a
˙ nak-
ai.
be
˙ niai
timas
ade
nnen
ıfa
nim
a
˙ nak
aihe
said
they
say
tose
lfw
hat
isto
begi
ven
isa
trea
cle
sayi
ngV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PRO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
DA
T.
PAR
T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INT
.
Whe
n(t
hey)
said
so,
(the
cran
e)sa
id,
‘giv
em
e(s
ome)
trea
cle.
’H
>bo
˙ nim
mai
bo
˙ nı-a
i,ra
ike
denn
a.<
bo
˙ nim
mai
bo
˙ nıai
raik
ede
nna
sayi
ngat
time
hesa
idth
eysa
ya
todd
yto
give
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NV
ER
B
OB
L.
LO
C.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INF.
Aft
er(t
heir
)sa
ying
(so)
,he
said
,‘g
ive
(me)
som
eto
ddy’
.
38 Fbe
˙ nam
im
ıhun
dere
fi-a
i.be
˙ nam
im
ıhun
dere
fiai
sayi
ngth
ese
peop
le(t
hey)
gave
they
say
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.A
TT
R.
NO
M.P
L.
PT.3
PL.
INT
.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o),
thes
epe
ople
gave
it(t
ohi
m).
39 Abe
˙ nim
ei,
fani
tu
˙ lela
dim
mei
,tu
mbe
lage
nud
ussa
ga
c .be
˙ nim
eifa
nitu
˙ lela
din
mei
tum
bela
gen
udus
saga
tsa
idw
hen
trea
cle
the
mea
sure
give
nw
hen
liftin
ghe
flew
away
(int
entio
nally
)V
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
B
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.D
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
AB
S.II
IPT
.III
.3SG
.
Whe
nhe
had
said
(so)
,w
hen
hew
asgi
ven
the
mea
sure
oftr
eacl
e,he
star
ted
flyi
ngta
king
(it)
up.
62 Texts with interlinear analysis
40 Aud
uhig
enge
leka
c
gos,
ebba
kin
fani
neti
gen
kubu
sni
fihi
gen
tibi
taka
c
va
˙ t
˙ tali.
uduh
igen
gele
kas
gos
ekba
kin
fani
netig
enku
bus
nifi
hige
ntib
ita
kas
va
˙ t˙ tali
flyi
nggo
neto
way
goin
gon
eso
me
peop
letr
eacl
eno
tbe
ing
panc
ake
not
baki
ngbe
ing
toa
plac
ehe
drop
ped
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
CA
RD
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
PAR
TC
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PT
.D
AT
.A
BS.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
NO
M.
NE
G.
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PR
S.D
AT
.IN
DE
F.PT
.II.
3SG
.
As
hew
ent
on,
flyi
ngin
the
way
heha
dbe
en(b
efor
e),
hedr
oppe
d(i
t)on
apl
ace
whe
reth
ere
wer
eso
me
peop
lew
hofa
iled
baki
ngpa
ncak
esbe
caus
eof
not
havi
ngtr
eacl
e.F
dinu
mm
afa
nim
a
˙ natu
mbe
lage
nud
ihem
unud
ihem
ungo
ho,
baik
enfa
nine
tıfe
ne
˙ dage
nku
bus
fihe
nna
tibi
tana
kaha
va
˙ t
˙ tala
feeb
age-
ai.
dinu
nm
afa
nim
a
˙ natu
mbe
lage
nud
ihem
unud
ihem
ungo
hoba
iken
fani
netı
fen
e
˙ dage
nku
bus
fihe
nna
tibi
tana
kaha
va
˙ t˙ tala
feeb
age
aigi
ving
attim
etr
eacl
elif
ting
byfl
ying
byfl
ying
goin
gso
me
trea
cle
not
bein
gw
ater
pour
ing
panc
ake
toba
kebe
ing
toa
plac
eha
ving
drop
ped
hew
ent
they
say
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
+D
IMV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IR
GR
ND
.R
GR
ND
.A
BS.
OB
L.
NO
M.
AB
S.O
BL
.A
BS.
III
NO
M.
INF.
PAR
T.P
RS.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.II
+I
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
Whe
n(t
hey)
gave
it(t
ohi
m),
(he)
,lif
ting
upth
etr
eacl
ean
dgo
ing
onfl
ying
and
flyi
ng,
drop
ped
(it)
ata
plac
ew
here
ther
ew
ere
som
epe
ople
(who
trie
d)to
bake
panc
ake
bypo
urin
gw
ater
(upo
nit)
beca
use
ofno
tha
ving
trea
cle.
H>r
aya
hifa
igen
gelik
aha
˙ tago
ho,
va
˙ t
˙ taili
aiot
tıap
pana
o
˙ dana
geak
udo
ra
˙ ta.<
raya
hifa
igen
gelik
aha
˙ tago
hova
˙ t˙ taili
aiot
tıap
pana
o
˙ dana
geak
udo
ra
˙ tath
eto
ddy
gras
ping
gone
toa
man
ner
goin
ghe
drop
ped
they
say
whe
reit
was
panc
ake
prep
arin
ga
hous
eto
door
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
N
NO
M.D
EF.
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PT
.D
AT
.IN
DE
F.A
BS.
PT.I
I.3S
G.
EX
T.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.N
OM
.PA
RT
.PR
S.O
BL
.IN
DE
F.D
AT
.
Tak
ing
the
todd
y(a
nd)
goin
gon
inth
ew
ay(h
e)ha
dgo
ne(b
efor
e),
hedr
oppe
dit
near
aho
use
whe
reth
ere
was
(som
ebod
y)pr
epar
ing
(a)
panc
ake.
41 Aev
erin
hedi
leka
kı,
fani
tu
˙ lela
e
˙ dage
n,fi
siga
rage
n,ku
bus
fiha
gatt
a.ev
erin
hedi
leka
kıfa
nitu
˙ lela
e
˙ dage
nfi
siga
rage
nku
bus
fiha
gatta
thos
eon
esdo
new
hat
aw
ayis
trea
cle
the
mea
sure
putti
ngfl
our
stir
ring
panc
ake
they
bake
dD
PRO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
B
OB
L.P
L.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
+FO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.D
EF.
AB
S.II
IN
OM
.A
BS.
III
NO
M.
PT.I
II.3
PL.
Tak
ing
the
mea
sure
oftr
eacl
e(a
nd)
stir
ring
in(s
ome)
flou
r,th
ese
peop
le(f
inal
ly)
got
the
panc
ake
bake
d.F
ebag
emm
a,m
im
ıhun
fani
ma
˙ nae
˙ dage
nku
bus
fiha
gat-
ai.
ebag
enm
am
im
ıhun
fani
ma
˙ nae
˙ dage
nku
bus
fiha
gat
aigo
ing
away
attim
eth
ese
peop
letr
eacl
epo
urin
gpa
ncak
eth
eygo
tco
oked
they
say
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
OB
L.
LO
C.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.PL
.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
NO
M.
PT.I
II.3
PL.
INT
.
Whe
n(h
e)ha
dgo
neaw
ay,
thes
epe
ople
got
the
panc
ake
bake
dby
pour
ing
trea
cle
(upo
nit)
.H
>mi
mıh
unek
kala
raya
o
˙ dafa
i,ap
pana
fiha
iga
t-ai
.<m
im
ıhun
ekka
lara
yao
˙ dafa
iap
pana
fiha
iga
tai
thes
epe
ople
one
time
the
todd
ypo
urin
gpa
ncak
eba
king
they
got
they
say
DPR
ON
NO
UN
CA
RD
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AT
TR
.N
OM
.PL
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
NO
M.D
EF.
AB
S.I
NO
M.
AB
S.PT
.3PL
.IN
T.
The
sepe
ople
,po
urin
gth
e(a
fore
said
)to
ddy
init,
(fin
ally
)go
tth
epa
ncak
eba
ked.
63T2 Makana
42 Fku
bus
fihe
gen
tibi
vela
iba
i.ku
bus
fihe
gen
tibi
vela
iba
aipa
ncak
eba
king
they
bein
gat
time
heca
me
back
they
say
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PR
S.L
OC
.PT
.3SG
.IN
T.
Just
whe
nth
eyw
ere
baki
ngth
epa
ncak
e,(t
hecr
ane)
cam
eba
ck.
43 Ave
lake
˙ daku
n,m
akan
aas
ahaf
i,ko
bata
uti
ma
mi
tan
ve
˙ t
˙ tifa
nitu
˙ lela
?ve
lake
˙ daku
nm
akan
aas
ahaf
iko
bata
utim
am
ita
nve
˙ t˙ tifa
nitu
˙ lela
?tim
ew
itha
piec
eth
ecr
ane
com
ing
heas
ked
whe
reas
king
self
this
plac
edr
oppe
dtr
eacl
eth
em
easu
reN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BIP
RO
NIP
AR
TC
PRO
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
N
OB
L.
AB
L.I
ND
EF.
NO
M.D
EF.
AB
S.PT
.I.3
SG.
LO
C.
INT
.O
BL
.A
TT
R.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.
NO
M.D
EF.
Aft
era
shor
tw
hile
,th
ecr
ane
cam
e(b
ack
and)
aske
d,‘w
here
isth
em
easu
reof
trea
cle
Idr
oppe
dhe
re?’
H>f
ihai
gatu
mm
ai,
aho
bo
˙ ni-a
i,ko
bai
heti
mm
ıha
raya
?<fi
hai
gatu
nm
aiah
obo
˙ niai
koba
ihe
timm
ıha
raya
?ba
king
getti
ngat
time
com
ing
hesa
idth
eysa
yw
here
aski
ngse
lfth
em
anth
eto
ddy
VE
RB
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CIP
RO
NIP
AR
TC
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
N
AB
S.O
BL
.L
OC
.A
BS.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
LO
C.
INT
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.D
EF.
NO
M.D
EF.
Just
whe
n(t
hey)
got
(it)
bake
d,(t
hecr
ane)
cam
e(b
ack
and)
said
,‘w
here
ism
yto
ddy?
’F
aho
be
˙ ni-a
i,ti
man
kalo
gala
ka
c
lıgu
ima
˙ nadı
faga
c
ra
˙ lom
a
˙ nadı
faga
c
emm
a
˙ nadı
faga
c .ah
obe
˙ niai
timan
kalo
gala
kas
lıgu
ima
˙ nadı
fai
gat
ra
˙ lom
a
˙ nadı
fai
gat
emm
a
˙ nadı
fai
gat
com
ing
hesa
idth
eysa
yse
lflo
rdto
aro
ckla
iddr
oppi
nggi
ving
rece
ived
wav
egi
ving
rece
ived
bait
fish
givi
ngre
ceiv
edV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
+D
IMV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
VE
RB
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
UN
AB
S.I
(M!)
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
AB
S.I
(M!)
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
AB
S.I
(M!)
PAR
T.P
T.
Com
ing
(bac
k)he
said
aski
ng,
‘whe
reis
the
trea
cle
Ire
ceiv
edgi
ving
the
fire
woo
dI
had
rece
ived
givi
ngth
efi
shI
had
rece
ived
givi
ngth
eba
itfi
shI
had
rece
ived
43a
Fm
asm
a
˙ nadi
faga
c
daro
ma
˙ nadi
faga
c
fani
ma
˙ nako
bahe
i-e?
mas
ma
˙ nadi
fai
gat
daro
ma
˙ nadi
fai
gat
fani
ma
˙ nako
bahe
i_e?
fish
givi
ngre
ceiv
edfi
rew
ood
givi
ngre
ceiv
edtr
eacl
ew
here
wel
l-as
king
NO
UN
+D
IMV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
+D
IMIP
RO
NA
DV
+IP
AR
TC
NO
M.
AB
S.I
(M!)
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
AB
S.I
(M!)
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
LO
C.
INT
.
givi
ngth
ew
ave
Iha
dre
ceiv
edgi
ving
the
drop
ping
Iha
dla
idon
aro
ck?’
64 Texts with interlinear analysis
44 Ata
fani
tu
˙ lela
c
kan,
tim
amen
fani
tu
˙ lela
c
kan
dene
ti,
kubu
sfi
haga
mm
-au.
tafa
nitu
˙ lela
kka
mtim
amen
fani
tu
˙ lela
kka
mde
neti
kubu
sfi
haga
mm
aau
your
trea
cle
am
easu
rew
heth
erse
lves
trea
cle
am
easu
rew
heth
erno
tkn
owin
gpa
ncak
ew
eba
ked
sayi
ngPP
RO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NPP
RO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
NO
M.
OB
L.P
L.
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
NO
M.
AB
S.N
OM
.PT
.III
.1PL
.IN
T.
‘Not
know
ing
whe
ther
(it
is)
your
mea
sure
oftr
eacl
eor
our
(ow
n)m
easu
reof
trea
cle,
we
(fin
ally
)ba
ked
panc
ake
(with
it)’,
(the
y)sa
id.
Fbe
˙ num
ma
mi
mıh
unbe
˙ ni-a
i,ka
lofa
nim
a
˙ naka
nde
neti
,ku
bus
fiha
gam
mai
.be
˙ nun
ma
mi
mıh
unbe
˙ niai
kalo
fani
ma
˙ naka
mde
neti
kubu
sfi
haga
mm
aai
sayi
ngat
time
thes
epe
ople
they
said
they
say
lord
trea
cle
that
not
know
ing
panc
ake
we
got
baki
ngsa
ying
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.PL
.PT
.3PL
.E
XT
.O
BL
.N
OM
.+D
IM.
NO
M.
AB
S.N
OM
.PT
.III
.1PL
.IN
T.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o),
thes
epe
ople
said
,‘n
otkn
owin
gth
at(i
tw
as)
your
trea
cle,
we
(fin
ally
)go
t(o
ur)
panc
ake
bake
d.H
>bo
˙ nım
mai
bo
˙ ni-a
i,ti
mfe
lata
raya
naga
iga
tum
mai
,ap
pana
kede
ma
he,
raik
ede
ma
he?<
bo
˙ nın
mai
bo
˙ niai
timfe
lata
raya
naga
iga
tun
mai
appa
nake
dem
ahe
raek
ede
ma
he?
sayi
ngat
time
they
said
they
say
self
peop
leyo
urto
ddy
liftin
gge
tting
attim
ea
panc
ake
we
give
aski
nga
todd
yw
egi
veas
king
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPR
ON
NO
UN
PPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
IPA
RT
CN
OU
NV
ER
BIP
AR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.PL
.O
BL
.N
OM
.A
BS.
OB
L.
LO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PRS.
1PL
.IN
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PRS.
1PL
.IN
T.
Aft
er(h
is)
sayi
ng(s
o),
(the
y)sa
idas
king
,‘a
fter
we
have
acqu
ired
your
todd
y(b
y)ta
king
(it)
up,
shal
lw
egi
ve(y
ou)
apa
ncak
e(o
r)sh
all
we
give
(you
)so
me
todd
y?’
45 Ata
c
de
˙ nei
fani
tu
˙ lela
c
tau,
kubu
ha
c
tau?
tas
de
˙ neı
fani
tu
˙ lela
kta
uku
buha
kta
u?to
you
wha
tsh
all
begi
ven
istr
eacl
ea
mea
sure
aski
nga
panc
ake
aski
ngPP
RO
NV
ER
BN
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NN
OU
NIP
AR
TC
NO
UN
IPA
RT
C
DA
T.
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T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INT
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.IN
T.
‘Sha
ll(w
e)gi
veyo
ua
mea
sure
oftr
eacl
eor
apa
ncak
e?’
Fka
losa
denn
enı
kubu
sma
˙ na
c
tai
fani
ma
˙ na
c
tai?
kalo
sade
nnen
ıku
busm
a
˙ nak
tai
fani
ma
˙ nak
tai?
tolo
rdw
hat
isto
begi
ven
ispa
ncak
eei
ther
trea
cle
orN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
N+
DIM
IPA
RT
CN
OU
N+
DIM
IPA
RT
C
DA
T.
PAR
T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.
CO
NJ.
NO
M.
CO
NJ.
‘Sha
llw
egi
veyo
ua
panc
ake
orso
me
trea
cle?
’
65T2 Makana
46 Abe
˙ nim
ei,
kefi
,ku
buha
c
de
c
kei.
be
˙ nim
eike
fiku
buha
kde
ske
isa
idw
hen
hesa
ida
panc
ake
togi
vesa
ying
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
PT.I
.3SG
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.IN
F.A
BS.
Aft
er(t
heir
)sa
ying
(so)
,(t
hecr
ane)
said
,‘g
ive
(me)
apa
ncak
e.’
Fbe
˙ nabe
˙ ni-a
i,ti
mas
ade
nnen
ıku
busm
a
˙ nakk
-ai.
be
˙ nabe
˙ niai
timas
ade
nnen
ıku
busm
a
˙ nak
aisa
ying
hesa
idth
eysa
yto
self
wha
tis
tobe
give
nis
apa
ncak
esa
ying
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPR
ON
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.D
AT
.PA
RT
.FU
T.+
FOC
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.IN
T.
Whe
n(t
hey)
said
so,
(the
cran
e)sa
id,
‘giv
em
ea
panc
ake.
’H
>bo
˙ nım
mai
bo
˙ ni-a
i,ap
pana
kede
nn-a
i.<bo
˙ nın
mai
bo
˙ niai
appa
nake
denn
aai
sayi
ngat
time
hesa
idth
eysa
ya
panc
ake
togi
vesa
ying
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INF.
INT
.
Whe
n(t
hey)
said
so,
(the
cran
e)sa
id,
‘giv
em
ea
panc
ake.
’
47 Fbe
˙ nam
im
ıhun
dere
fi-a
i.be
˙ nam
im
ıhun
dere
fiai
sayi
ngth
ese
peop
le(t
hey)
gave
they
say
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.A
TT
R.
NO
M.P
L.
PT.3
PL.
Aft
erhe
had
said
(so)
,th
ese
peop
lega
ve(i
tto
him
).
66 Texts with interlinear analysis
48 Aku
buha
dim
mei
,ku
buha
tum
bela
gen
gele
ka
c
gos,
feru
kale
gefe
ran
kera
tatu
neke
˙ deba
vvai
ebeg
e.ku
buha
din
mei
kubu
hatu
mbe
lage
nge
leka
sgo
sfe
ruka
lege
fera
nke
rata
tune
ke
˙ deba
vvai
ebeg
eth
epa
ncak
egi
ven
whe
nth
epa
ncak
elif
ting
gone
tow
aygo
ing
wea
ver
mis
ter
wea
ving
mak
ing
ofch
air
aten
dpu
tting
hew
ent
off
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
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NO
UN
NO
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NO
UN
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UN
NO
UN
VE
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VE
RB
NO
M.D
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
NO
M.D
EF.
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PT
.D
AT
.A
BS.
OB
L.
OB
L.
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
RS.
GE
N.
LO
C.
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.
Whe
nhe
had
been
give
nth
epa
ncak
e(a
nd)
take
n(i
t),
hew
ent
onin
the
way
heha
dgo
ne(b
efor
e),
(and
)af
ter
putti
ngit
onth
een
dof
aw
eave
r’s
wea
ving
chai
r,he
wen
tof
f(a
gain
).F
dinu
mm
a,ku
busm
a
˙ natu
mbe
lage
n,ud
ihem
unud
ihem
ungo
ho,
feru
kale
gefe
ran
o
˙ lom
boda
n
˙ deba
vva
ebag
e-ai
.di
nun
ma
kubu
sma
˙ natu
mbe
lage
nud
ihem
unud
ihem
ungo
hofe
ruka
lege
fera
no
˙ lom
boda
n
˙ deba
vva
ebag
eai
givi
ngat
time
panc
ake
liftin
gby
flyi
ngby
flyi
nggo
ing
wea
ver
lord
’sw
eavi
ng(?
)st
ick
putti
nghe
wen
tof
fth
eysa
yV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
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NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
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VE
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RT
C
OB
L.
LO
C.
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IR
GR
ND
.R
GR
ND
.A
BS.
OB
L.
GE
N.
OB
L.
OB
L.
LO
C.
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Whe
n(t
hey)
gave
it(t
ohi
m),
(he)
,ta
king
upth
etr
eacl
ean
dgo
ing
onfl
ying
and
flyi
ng,
put
(it)
on(a
)w
eave
r’s
wea
ving
(?)
stic
k.H
>app
ana
hifa
igen
gelik
aha
˙ tago
ho,
va
˙ t
˙ taili
aibe
reo
˙ dana
baik
enge
ga
˙ ta.<
appa
nahi
faig
enge
likah
a
˙ tago
hova
˙ t˙ taili
aibe
reo
˙ dana
baik
enge
ga
˙ tath
epa
ncak
egr
aspi
nggo
neto
am
anne
rgo
ing
hedr
oppe
dth
eysa
ydr
umpr
epar
ing
som
epe
ople
’sto
hous
eN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
M.D
EF.
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PT
.D
AT
.IN
DE
F.A
BS.
PT.I
I.3S
G.
EX
T.
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
RS.
GE
N.
DA
T.
Tak
ing
the
panc
ake
(and
)go
ing
onin
the
way
(he)
had
gone
(bef
ore)
,he
drop
ped
(it)
near
som
epe
ople
who
wer
efi
(the
skin
of)
adr
um.
49 Feb
agem
ma,
miu
dati
jeha
kom
me
kala
kive
˙ t
˙ tenı
-ai.
ebag
enm
am
iuda
tije
hako
mm
eka
laki
ve
˙ t˙ tenı
aigo
ing
away
attim
eth
ison
ein
toot
hhi
tting
ever
yin
time
itfa
llsth
eysa
yV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
OB
L.
LO
C.
OB
L.
LO
C.
AB
S.A
TT
R.
LO
C.I
ND
EF.
PRS.
3SG
.(M
!)E
XT
.
Aft
er(h
e)ha
dgo
neaw
ay,
itfe
lldo
wn
all
the
way
(lit.
"tim
e")
hitti
ngin
toth
ete
eth
ofth
ison
e(i
.e.,
the
wea
ver’
s).
Aeb
ege
mei
,fe
ruka
lege
inde
fei
kala
kida
vva
˙ daja
hafe
iku
duko
c
mat
iva
˙ dana
gam
unka
mun
mak
ana
eto
bala
fei,
ebeg
em
eife
ruka
lege
inde
fei
kala
kida
vva
˙ daja
hafe
iku
duko
sm
ativ
a
˙ dana
gam
unka
mun
mak
ana
eto
bala
fei
com
ew
hen
wea
ver
mis
ter
sitti
ng(e
ach)
ata
time
in-m
outh
stri
king
little
mak
ing
off-
mou
thra
isin
gea
ting
the
cran
eco
min
gif
look
ing
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
AD
JV
ER
BN
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ER
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ER
BN
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NV
ER
BC
ON
JV
ER
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PAR
T.P
T.
LO
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OB
L.
NO
M.
AB
S.I
LO
C.I
ND
EF.
OB
L.
AB
S.I
PRE
D.
AB
S.O
BL
.G
RN
D.
GR
ND
.N
OM
.DE
F.PA
RT
.PR
S.A
BS.
I
Whe
nhe
wen
tof
f,th
ew
eave
rw
assi
tting
ther
e,bi
ting
off
(pie
ces)
from
itby
putti
ngit
inhi
sm
outh
and
taki
nga
little
bit
off
agai
nan
dag
ain,
(eac
h)at
atim
ew
hile
look
ing
whe
ther
the
cran
e(m
ight
)co
me
(bac
k)
67T2 Makana
49a
Ada
vva
˙ daja
ham
une
vele
i,ku
buha
hus
vege
.da
vva
˙ daja
ham
une
vele
iku
buha
hus
vege
in-m
outh
stri
king
goin
gon
whi
leth
epa
ncak
eem
pty
itbe
cam
eN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NA
DJ
VE
RB
OB
L.
GR
ND
.PA
RT
.PR
S.L
OC
.N
OM
.DE
F.PR
ED
.PT
.IV
.3SG
.
and
whi
lehe
was
goin
gon
putti
ngit
inhi
sm
outh
(lik
eth
is),
the
panc
ake
beca
me
empt
y.
50 Fve
˙ t
˙ tc
ena
hedı
,rı
˙ diar
agen
,ka
fı-a
i.ve
˙ t˙ t
c
ena
hedı
rı
˙ diar
agen
kafı
ai(i
t)fa
lling
hew
hat
hedi
dw
asan
gry
clim
bing
uphe
ate
they
say
VE
RB
PRO
NV
ER
BA
DJ.
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.N
OM
.(M
!)PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
PRE
D.
AB
S.II
IPT
.I.3
SG.
EX
T.
Whe
nit
fell
(bet
wee
nhi
ste
eth)
,he
beca
me
angr
yan
dsw
allo
wed
(it)
.H
>va
˙ t
˙ tailı
mm
ai,
mi
mıh
une
hedi
lihak
uap
pana
kaig
enbe
rao
˙ dai
gat-
ai.<
va
˙ t˙ tailı
nm
aim
im
ıhun
ehe
dilih
aku
appa
naka
igen
bera
o
˙ dai
gat
aidr
oppi
ngat
time
thes
epe
ople
done
the
way
(was
)th
epa
ncak
eea
ting
the
drum
fixi
ngth
eygo
tth
eysa
yV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PL
.PA
RT
.PT
.O
BL
.SG
.IN
DE
F.N
OM
.DE
F.A
BS.
III
NO
M.D
EF.
AB
S.PT
.3PL
.IN
T.
Aft
er(h
is)
drop
ping
(it)
,th
ese
peop
lego
tth
edr
umfi
xed
byea
ting
the
panc
ake.
51 Aku
buha
hus
vita
nike
˙ da
c
mak
ana
bai.
kubu
hahu
svi
tani
ke
˙ das
mak
ana
baai
the
panc
ake
empt
ybe
com
eof
plac
eto
end
the
cran
ehe
cam
eth
eysa
yN
OU
NA
DJ
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
NO
M.D
EF.
PRE
D.
PAR
T.P
T.
GE
N.
DA
T.
NO
M.D
EF.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
The
cran
eca
me
(bac
k)ju
stat
the
mom
ent
whe
nth
epa
ncak
eha
dbe
com
eem
pty.
Fka
fehi
c
vela
iba
i.ka
fehi
sive
lai
baai
havi
ngea
ten
hebe
ing
attim
ehe
cam
eth
eysa
yV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.I
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
Just
whe
nhe
had
eate
nit,
(the
cran
e)ca
me
back
.
68 Texts with interlinear analysis
52 Aas
kefi
,ko
bata
uti
ma
mi
tani
bevv
iku
buha
?as
kefi
koba
tau
tima
mi
tani
bevv
iku
buha
?co
min
ghe
said
whe
reas
king
self
this
inpl
ace
put
the
panc
ake
VE
RB
VE
RB
IPR
ON
IPA
RT
CPR
ON
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
AB
S.PT
.I.3
SG.
LO
C.
INT
.O
BL
.A
TT
R.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.D
EF.
Com
ing
(bac
k),
hesa
id,
‘whe
re,’
heas
ked,
‘is
the
panc
ake
Idr
oppe
din
this
plac
e?’
H>a
hobo
˙ ni-a
i,ko
bahe
tim
mıh
am
ita
vo
˙ t
˙ tiap
pana
?<ah
obo
˙ niai
koba
hetim
mıh
am
ita
vo
˙ t˙ tiap
pana
?co
min
ghe
said
they
say
whe
reas
king
self
the
man
this
atpl
ace
drop
ped
the
panc
ake
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CIP
RO
NIP
AR
TC
PRO
NN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
N
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.L
OC
.IN
T.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.DE
F.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.D
EF.
Hav
ing
com
e(b
ack)
,he
said
aski
ng,
‘whe
reis
the
panc
ake
Idr
oppe
din
this
plac
e?’
Fah
obe
˙ ni-a
i,ga
laka
c
lıgu
ima
˙ nadı
faga
c
ra
˙ lom
a
˙ nadı
faga
c
emm
a
˙ nadı
faga
c .ah
obe
˙ niai
gala
kas
lıgu
ima
˙ nadı
fai
gat
ra
˙ lom
a
˙ nadı
fai
gat
emm
a
˙ nadı
fai
gat
com
ing
hesa
idth
eysa
yto
aro
ckla
iddr
oppi
nggi
ving
rece
ived
wav
egi
ving
rece
ived
bait
fish
givi
ngre
ceiv
edV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
+D
IMV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
+D
IMV
ER
BV
ER
B
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.D
AT
.IN
DE
F.PA
RT
.PT
.N
OU
NA
BS.
I(M
!)PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.A
BS.
I(M
!)PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.A
BS.
I(M
!)PA
RT
.PT
.
Com
ing
(bac
k)he
said
aski
ng,
‘whe
reis
the
panc
ake
Iha
dre
ceiv
edgi
ving
the
*tre
acle
Ire
ceiv
edgi
ving
*(t
he)
fire
woo
dI
had
rece
ived
givi
ngth
efi
shI
had
rece
ived
givi
ngth
eba
itfi
shI
had
rece
ived
52a
Fm
asm
a
˙ nadı
faga
c
daro
ma
˙ na*d
ıfa
ga
c
fani
ma
˙ na*
dıfa
ga
c
kubu
sma
˙ nako
bahe
ie?
mas
ma
˙ nadı
fai
gat
daro
ma
˙ nadı
fai
gat
fani
ma
˙ nadı
fai
gat
kubu
sma
˙ nako
bahe
i_e?
fish
givi
ngre
ceiv
edfi
rew
ood
givi
ngre
ceiv
edtr
eacl
egi
ving
rece
ived
panc
ake
whe
rew
ell-
aski
ngN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
+D
IMV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
+D
IMIP
RO
NA
DV
+IP
AR
TC
NO
M.
AB
S.I
(M!)
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
AB
S.I
(M!)
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
AB
S.I
(M!)
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
LO
C.
INT
.
givi
ngth
ew
ave
Iha
dre
ceiv
edgi
ving
the
drop
ping
Iha
dla
idon
aro
ck?’
69T2 Makana
53 Abe
˙ nim
ei,
kefi
,ta
kubu
ha
c
kan,
tim
aku
buha
c
kan
dene
ti,
davv
a
˙ daja
hafe
im
ativ
a
˙ dana
gam
unka
mun
eve
lei,
hus
vege
.be
˙ nim
eike
fita
kubu
hak
kan
tima
kubu
ha
c
kan
dene
tida
vva
˙ daja
hafe
im
ativ
a
˙ dana
gam
unka
mun
eve
lei
hus
vege
said
whe
nhe
said
your
apa
ncak
ew
heth
erse
lfa
panc
ake
whe
ther
not
know
ing
in-m
outh
stri
king
off-
mou
thra
isin
gea
ting
goin
gon
whi
leem
pty
itbe
cam
eV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BPP
RO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
AD
JV
ER
B
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
PT.I
.3SG
.O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.N
OM
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
NO
M.
AB
S.O
BL
.A
BS.
IO
BL
.G
RN
D.
GR
ND
.PA
RT
.PR
S.L
OC
.PR
ED
.PT
.IV
.3SG
.
Whe
nhe
had
said
(so)
,(t
hew
eave
r)sa
id,
‘whi
le(I
was
)go
ing
onea
ting
(it)
bybi
ting
(bits
)of
f(a
nd)
putti
ng(t
hem
)in
the
mou
thon
and
on,
not
know
ing
whe
ther
(it
is)
your
panc
ake
orm
ypa
ncak
e,it
beca
me
empt
y.F
miu
be
˙ ni-a
i,ka
loku
busm
a
˙ na
c
kan
dene
ti,
kafı
m-a
i.m
iube
˙ niai
kalo
kubu
sma
˙ nak
kam
dene
tika
fım
aith
ison
ehe
said
they
say
lord
panc
ake
that
not
know
ing
Iat
esa
ying
DPR
ON
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
OB
L.
NO
M.
NO
M.
AB
S.PT
.III
.1SG
.IN
T.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o),
(the
wea
ver)
said
,‘n
otkn
owin
gth
at(i
tw
as)
your
panc
ake,
Iat
eit.
’H
>bo
˙ nım
mai
,m
im
ıhun
bo
˙ ni-a
i,ti
mfe
laap
pana
kaif
ım-a
i.<bo
˙ nın
mai
mi
mıh
unbo
˙ niai
timfe
laap
pana
kaif
ımai
sayi
ngat
time
thes
epe
ople
they
said
they
say
self
peop
leth
epa
ncak
ew
eat
esa
ying
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
OB
L.
LO
C.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.PL
.PT
.3SG
.IN
T.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.N
OM
.PT
.I.1
PL.
INT
.
At
(his
)sa
ying
(so)
,th
ese
peop
lesa
id,
‘we
ate
the
panc
ake.
’
54 Ata
c
de
˙ nei
kubu
ha
c
tau,
uter
a
c
tau?
tas
de
˙ neı
kubu
hak
tau
uter
akta
u?to
you
wha
tsh
all
begi
ven
isa
panc
ake
aski
nga
yarn
reel
aski
ngPP
RO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NIP
AR
TC
NO
UN
IPA
RT
C
DA
T.
PAR
T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INT
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.IN
T.
‘Sha
ll(I
)gi
veyo
ua
panc
ake
ora
yarn
reel
?’F
den
miu
be
˙ ni-a
i,ka
losa
denn
enı,
uter
ima
˙ na
c
tai,
kubu
sma
˙ na
c
tai?
den
miu
be
˙ niai
kalo
sade
nnen
ıut
erim
a
˙ nak
tai
kubu
sma
˙ nak
tai?
then
this
one
hesa
idth
eysa
yto
lord
wha
tis
tobe
give
nis
yarn
reel
eith
erpa
ncak
eor
AD
VD
PRO
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
+D
IMIP
AR
TC
NO
UN
+D
IMIP
AR
TC
TE
MP.
NO
M.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
DA
T.
PAR
T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.
CO
NJ.
NO
M.
CO
NJ.
The
nth
ison
esa
id,
‘sha
llw
egi
veyo
u(a
)ya
rnre
elor
apa
ncak
e?’
70 Texts with interlinear analysis
55 Abe
˙ nim
ei,
be
˙ nafi
,ut
era
c
de
c
kei.
be
˙ nim
eibe
˙ nafi
uter
akde
ske
isa
idw
hen
hesa
ida
yarn
reel
togi
vesa
ying
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
PT.I
.3SG
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.IN
F.A
BS.
Whe
nhe
had
said
(so)
,(t
hecr
ane)
said
,‘g
ive
(me)
aya
rnre
el.’
Fbe
˙ ni-a
i,ti
mas
ade
nnen
ı,ut
erim
a
˙ nakk
-ai.
be
˙ niai
timas
ade
nnen
ıut
erim
a
˙ nak
aihe
said
they
say
tose
lfw
hat
isto
begi
ven
isa
yarn
reel
sayi
ngV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PRO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
DA
T.
PAR
T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INT
.
(Whe
nth
eysa
idso
,th
ecr
ane)
said
,‘g
ive
me
aya
rnre
el.’
56 Abe
˙ nim
ei,
dinı
uter
a
c .be
˙ nim
eidi
nıut
erak
.sa
idw
hen
wha
tw
asgi
ven
isa
yarn
reel
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.
Whe
nhe
had
said
(so)
,(h
e)w
asgi
ven
aya
rnre
el.
Fbe
˙ nade
refi
-ai.
be
˙ nade
refi
aisa
ying
hega
veth
eysa
yV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.PT
.3PL
.E
XT
.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o),
(the
wea
ver)
gave
(it
tohi
m).
56a
Adi
mm
ei,
hifa
gen
uduh
igen
gos,
ka
˙ lage
beyy
au
mad
ave
gen,
na
˙ nani
e
˙ dige
nin
taka
c
va
˙ t
˙ tala
ieb
ege-
au.
din
mei
hifa
gen
uduh
igen
gos
ka
˙ lage
beyy
au
mad
ave
gen
na
˙ nani
e
˙ dige
nin
taka
sva
˙ t˙ tala
ieb
ege
augi
ven
whe
ngr
aspi
ngfl
ying
goin
gK
alag
eth
eB
eyya
rnfe
wha
ving
beco
me
fish
ing
line
not
fixi
ngsi
tting
toa
plac
eha
ving
drop
ped
hew
ent
they
say
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
PNN
OU
NN
OU
NA
DJ
VE
RB
NO
UN
PAR
TC
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
III
AB
S.N
OM
.N
OM
.DE
F.O
BL
.PR
ED
.A
BS.
III
NO
M.
NE
G.
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PR
S.D
AT
.IN
DE
F.A
BS.
IIPT
.3SG
.IN
T.
Whe
nhe
was
give
n(i
t),
hew
ent
(off
)gr
aspi
ng(i
t),
and
flyi
ng(a
way
),he
drop
ped
itat
apl
ace
whe
reK
.B.
was
sitti
ng,
faili
ngto
fix
(his
)fi
shin
glin
e,be
caus
eof
yarn
havi
ngru
nsh
ort.
71T2 Makana
56b
Ave
˙ t
˙ tim
ei,
beyy
ahe
dile
kakı
,ut
era
lafe
ina
˙ nae
˙ daga
c .ve
˙ t˙ tim
eibe
yya
hedi
leka
kıut
era
lafe
ina
˙ nae
˙ daga
tdr
oppe
dw
hen
the
bey
done
wha
tth
ew
ayis
the
yarn
reel
usin
gfi
shin
glin
ehe
fixe
dV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
B
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
OB
L.D
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
+FO
C.
NO
M.D
EF.
AB
S.I
NO
M.
PT.I
II.3
SG.
Whe
n(h
e)dr
oppe
dit,
(K.)
Bey
was
fina
llyab
leto
fix
(his
)fi
shin
glin
eus
ing
the
yarn
reel
.
56c
Ana
˙ nae
˙ dai,
avid
ive
gefa
hun,
bai.
na
˙ nae
˙ dai
avid
ive
gefa
hun
baai
fish
ing
line
fixi
ngfi
nish
edbe
com
eaf
ter
heca
me
they
say
NO
UN
VE
RB
AD
JV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
M.
AB
S.PR
ED
.PA
RT
.PT
.IV
AB
L.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
Aft
erhe
had
fini
shed
fixi
ngth
efi
shin
glin
e,(t
hecr
ane)
cam
eba
ck.
56d
Aas
kefi
,ti
ma
mi
tan
ve
˙ t
˙ tiut
era
koba
tau?
aske
fitim
am
ita
nive
˙ t˙ tiut
era
koba
tau?
com
ing
hesa
idse
lfth
ispl
ace
drop
ped
the
yarn
reel
whe
reas
king
VE
RB
VE
RB
PRO
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NIP
RO
NIP
AR
TC
AB
S.PT
.I.3
SG.
OB
L.
AT
TR
.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.DE
F.L
OC
.IN
T.
Com
ing
(bac
k),
hesa
id,
‘whe
re,’
heas
ked,
‘is
the
yarn
reel
Idr
oppe
din
this
plac
e?’
56e
Abe
yya
kefi
,ta
uter
a
c
kan,
ma
uter
a
c
kan
nien
gina
˙ nae
˙ daga
mm
-au.
beyy
ake
fita
uter
akka
mm
aut
erak
kam
nien
gina
˙ nae
˙ daga
timau
the
bey
hesa
idyo
ura
yarn
reel
whe
ther
my
aya
rnre
elw
heth
erno
tbe
ing
know
nfi
shin
glin
eI
fixe
dsa
ying
NO
UN
VE
RB
PPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
PPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
PAR
TC
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
NO
M.D
EF.
PT.I
.3SG
.O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.N
OM
.O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.N
OM
.N
EG
.A
BS.
NO
M.
PT.I
II.1
SG.
INT
.
(K.)
Bey
said
,‘n
otkn
owin
gw
heth
er(i
tis
)yo
urya
rnre
elor
my
yarn
reel
,I
(fin
ally
)fi
xed
(my)
fish
ing
line
(usi
ngit)
.’
56f
Ata
c
de
˙ nei
uter
a
c
tau
nuva
tana
˙ na
c
tau?
tas
de
˙ neı
uter
akta
unu
vata
na
˙ nak
tau?
toyo
uw
hat
shal
lbe
give
nis
aya
rnre
elas
king
ora
fish
ing
line
aski
ngPP
RO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NIP
AR
TC
CO
NJ
NO
UN
IPA
RT
C
DA
T.
PAR
T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INT
.C
OO
R.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INT
.
‘Sha
ll(I
)gi
veyo
ua
yarn
reel
ora
fish
ing
line?
’
72 Texts with interlinear analysis
57 Ana
˙ natu
mbe
lage
n,e
gele
ka
c
gos,
Kog
an
˙ diF
ucce
lona
˙ nam
ada
vege
nbe
ra
c
niem
e
˙ nige
nhi
sita
ka
c
va
˙ t
˙ tala
ieb
ege.
na
˙ natu
mbe
lage
ne
gele
kas
gos
Kog
an
˙ diF
ucce
lona
˙ nam
ada
vege
nbe
rak
niem
e
˙ nige
nhi
sita
kas
va
˙ t˙ tala
ieb
ege
fish
ing
line
liftin
gth
atgo
neto
way
goin
gof
Kog
an
˙ daFu
ccel
ofi
shin
glin
efe
wha
ving
beco
me
adr
umno
tty
ing
bein
gto
apl
ace
havi
ngdr
oppe
dhe
wen
tN
OU
NV
ER
BD
PRO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BPN
PNN
OU
NA
DJ
VE
RB
NO
UN
PAR
TC
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IA
TT
R.
PAR
T.P
T.
DA
T.
AB
S.G
EN
.O
BL
.N
OM
.PR
ED
.A
BS.
III
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
NE
G.
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PR
S.D
AT
.A
BS.
IIPT
.3SG
.
Hav
ing
take
n(t
he)
fish
ing
line
(and
)go
ing
(on)
inth
ew
ayhe
had
gone
(bef
ore)
,he
wen
tan
ddr
oppe
d(i
t)at
apl
ace
whe
reF.
from
K.
stoo
d,fa
iling
totie
(his
)dr
umbe
caus
eof
(his
)fi
shin
glin
eha
ving
run
shor
t.F
dinu
mm
a,ut
erim
a
˙ natu
mbe
lage
n,ud
ihem
unud
ihem
ungo
ho,
baik
enu
netı
na
˙ nain
bera
e
˙ dann
aha
tibi
tana
kaha
va
˙ t
˙ tala
ieb
age-
ai.
dinu
nm
aut
erim
a
˙ natu
mbe
lage
nud
ihem
unud
ihem
ungo
hoba
iken
une
tına
˙ nain
bera
e
˙ dann
aha
tibi
tana
kaha
va
˙ t˙ tala
ieb
age
aigi
ving
attim
eya
rnre
ellif
ting
byfl
ying
byfl
ying
goin
gso
me
yarn
not
bein
gfr
omlin
edr
umto
fix
bein
gto
apl
ace
havi
ngdr
oppe
dhe
wen
tof
fth
eysa
yV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
OB
L.
LO
C.
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IR
GR
ND
.R
GR
ND
.A
BS.
OB
L.
NO
M.
AB
S.A
BL
.N
OM
.IN
F.PA
RT
.PR
S.D
AT
.IN
DE
F.A
BS.
II+
IPT
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Whe
n(t
hey)
gave
it(t
ohi
m),
(he)
,lif
ting
upth
etr
eacl
ean
dgo
ing
onfl
ying
and
flyi
ng,
drop
ped
(it)
ata
plac
ew
here
ther
ew
ere
som
epe
ople
(who
wer
e)tr
ying
tofi
x(a
)dr
umw
itha
fish
ing
line
beca
use
they
had
noya
rn.
58 Feb
agem
ma,
mi
mıh
unbe
rae
˙ daga
t-ai
.eb
agen
ma
mi
mıh
unbe
rae
˙ daga
tai
goin
gaw
ayat
time
thes
epe
ople
drum
they
got
fixe
dth
eysa
yV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.PL
.N
OM
.PT
.III
.3PL
.IN
T.
Whe
n(h
e)ha
dgo
neaw
ay,
thes
epe
ople
man
aged
tofi
xth
edr
um.
59 Abe
ra
c
ama
˙ naga
c
fahu
n,m
ide
bai.
bera
kam
a
˙ naga
tfa
hun
mid
eba
aia
drum
tied
afte
rth
ison
ehe
cam
eth
eysa
yN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
ND
PRO
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.I
IIA
BL
.N
OM
.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Aft
er(K
.F.)
had
tied
(his
)dr
um,
the
cran
eca
me
(bac
k).
Fbe
ra
c
e
˙ dage
nti
bive
lai,
bai.
bera
c
e
˙ dage
ntib
ive
lai
baai
drum
fixi
ngth
eybe
ing
attim
ehe
cam
eba
ckth
eysa
yN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PR
S.L
OC
.PT
.3SG
.IN
T.
Just
whe
nth
eyha
dfi
xed
the
drum
,(t
hecr
ane)
cam
eba
ck.
73T2 Makana
60 Aas
kefi
,ko
bata
uti
ma
mi
tan
ve
˙ t
˙ tina
˙ na?
aske
fiko
bata
utim
am
ita
nive
˙ t˙ tina
˙ na?
com
ing
hesa
idw
here
aski
ngse
lfth
ispl
ace
drop
ped
fish
ing
line
VE
RB
VE
RB
IPR
ON
IPA
RT
CPR
ON
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
AB
S.PT
.I.3
SG.
LO
C.
INT
.O
BL
.A
TT
R.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
Com
ing
(bac
k),
hesa
id,
‘whe
re,’
heas
ked,
‘is
the
fish
ing
line
Idr
oppe
dat
this
plac
e?’
Fah
obe
˙ ni-a
i,ti
man
kalo
gala
ka
c
lıgu
ima
˙ nadı
faga
c
ra
˙ lom
a
˙ nadı
faga
c
emm
a
˙ nadı
faga
c .ah
obe
˙ niai
timan
kalo
gala
kas
lıgu
ima
˙ nadı
fai
gat
ra
˙ lom
a
˙ nadı
fai
gat
emm
a
˙ nadı
fai
gat
com
ing
hesa
idth
eysa
yse
lflo
rdto
aro
ckla
iddr
oppi
nggi
ving
rece
ived
wav
egi
ving
rece
ived
bait
fish
givi
ngre
ceiv
edV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
+D
IMV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
VE
RB
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
UN
AB
S.I
(M!)
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
AB
S.I
(M!)
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
AB
S.I
(M!)
PAR
T.P
T.
Com
ing
(bac
k)he
said
aski
ng,
‘whe
reis
the
yarn
reel
Ire
ceiv
edgi
ving
the
panc
ake
Iha
dre
ceiv
edgi
ving
the
*tre
acle
Iha
dre
ceiv
edgi
ving
*(t
he)
fire
woo
dI
had
rece
ived
givi
ngth
efi
shI
had
rece
ived
givi
ngth
eba
itfi
shI
had
rece
ived
60a
Fm
asm
a
˙ nadı
faga
c
daro
ma
˙ nadı
faga
c
*fan
ima
˙ nadı
faga
c *ku
busm
a
˙ nadı
faga
c
uter
ima
˙ nako
bahe
i-e?
mas
ma
˙ nadı
fai
gat
daro
ma
˙ nadı
fai
gat
fani
ma
˙ nadı
fai
gat
kubu
sma
˙ nadı
fai
gat
uter
ima
˙ nako
bahe
i_e?
fish
givi
ngre
ceiv
edfi
rew
ood
givi
ngre
ceiv
edtr
eacl
egi
ving
rece
ived
panc
ake
givi
ngre
ceiv
edya
rnre
elw
here
wel
l-as
king
NO
UN
+D
IMV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
+D
IMV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
IPR
ON
AD
V+
IPA
RT
C
NO
M.
AB
S.I
(M!)
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
AB
S.I
(M!)
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
AB
S.I
(M!)
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
AB
S.I
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.+
DIM
.L
OC
.IN
T.
givi
ngth
ew
ave
Iha
dre
ceiv
edgi
ving
the
drop
ping
Iha
dla
idon
aro
ck?’
61 Ata
na
˙ na
c
kan,
ma
na
˙ na
c
kan
dene
ti,
tim
abe
ra
c
ama
˙ naga
mm
-au.
tana
˙ nak
kam
ma
na
˙ nak
kam
dene
titim
abe
rak
ama
˙ naga
timau
your
afi
shin
glin
ew
heth
erm
ya
fish
ing
line
whe
ther
not
know
ing
self
adr
umI
tied
sayi
ngPP
RO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
NO
M.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.N
OM
.A
BS.
NO
M.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PT.I
II.1
SG.
INT
.
‘Not
know
ing,
whe
ther
(it
is)
your
fish
ing
line
orm
yfi
shin
glin
e,I
(use
dit
for)
tyin
g.’
Fbe
˙ nam
im
ıhun
be
˙ ni-a
i,ka
lout
erim
a
˙ na
c
kan
dene
ti,
bera
c
e
˙ daga
mm
-ai.
be
˙ nam
im
ıhun
be
˙ niai
kalo
uter
ima
˙ nak
kam
dene
tibe
rak
e
˙ daga
mm
aai
sayi
ngth
ese
peop
leth
eysa
idth
eysa
ylo
rdya
rnre
elth
atno
tkn
owin
ga
drum
we
got
fixe
dsa
ying
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.A
TT
R.
NO
M.P
L.
PT.3
PL.
EX
T.
OB
L.
NO
M.
NO
M.
AB
S.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.PT
.III
.1PL
.IN
T.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o),
thes
epe
ople
said
,‘n
otkn
owin
gth
at(i
tw
as)
your
yarn
reel
,w
efi
nally
got
(our
)dr
umfi
xed
(with
it).’
74 Texts with interlinear analysis
62 Ata
c
de
˙ nei
na
˙ na
c
tau
nuva
tabe
rata
u?ta
sde
˙ neı
na
˙ nak
tau
nuva
tabe
rata
u?to
you
wha
tsh
all
begi
ven
isa
fish
ing
line
aski
ngor
the
drum
aski
ngPP
RO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NIP
AR
TC
CO
NJ
NO
UN
IPA
RT
C
DA
T.
PAR
T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INT
.C
OO
R.
NO
M.D
EF.
INT
.
‘Sha
ll(I
)gi
veyo
ua
fish
ing
line
orth
edr
um?’
Fka
losa
denn
enı,
bera
ma
˙ na
c
tai
uter
ima
˙ na
c
tai?
kalo
sade
nnen
ıbe
ram
a
˙ nak
tai
uter
ima
˙ nak
tai?
tolo
rdw
hat
isto
begi
ven
isdr
umei
ther
yarn
reel
orN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
N+
DIM
IPA
RT
CN
OU
N+
DIM
IPA
RT
C
DA
T.
PAR
T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
CO
NJ.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
CO
NJ.
‘Sha
llw
egi
veyo
ua
drum
ora
yarn
reel
?’H
>ber
eke
dem
ahe
,ap
pana
kede
ma
he?<
bere
kede
ma
heap
pana
kede
ma
he?
adr
umw
egi
veas
king
apa
ncak
ew
egi
veas
king
NO
UN
VE
RB
IPA
RT
CN
OU
NV
ER
BIP
AR
TC
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PRS.
1PL
.IN
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PRS.
1PL
.IN
T.
‘Sha
llw
egi
ve(y
ou)
adr
um(o
r)sh
all
we
give
(you
)a
panc
ake?
’
63 Abe
˙ nim
eike
fi,
tim
ac
de˙ ne
ibe
rako
loak
-au.
be
˙ nim
eike
fitim
asde
˙ neı
bera
kolo
akau
said
whe
nhe
said
self
wha
tsh
all
begi
ven
isdr
uma
bunc
hsa
ying
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
PRO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
PT.I
.3SG
.D
AT
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INT
.
Whe
nhe
had
said
(so)
,(t
hecr
ane)
said
,‘g
ive
me
abu
nch
ofdr
um(s
).’
Fbe
˙ nabe
˙ ni-a
i,ti
mas
ade
nnen
ıbe
ram
a
˙ naka
i.be
˙ nabe
˙ niai
timas
ade
nnen
ıbe
ram
a
˙ nak
aisa
ying
hesa
idth
eysa
yto
self
wha
tis
tobe
give
nis
adr
umsa
ying
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPR
ON
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.D
AT
.PA
RT
.FU
T.+
FOC
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.IN
T.
Whe
n(t
hey)
said
so,
(the
cran
e)sa
id,
‘giv
em
ea
drum
.’H
>bo
˙ ni-a
i,be
reke
denn
-ai.<
bo
˙ niai
bere
kede
nna
aihe
said
they
say
adr
umto
give
sayi
ngV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INF.
INT
.
He
said
,‘g
ive
(me)
adr
um.’
75T2 Makana
63a
Abe
˙ nim
ei,
bera
kolo
ade
refi
.be
˙ nim
eibe
rako
loa
dere
fisa
idw
hen
drum
the
bunc
hhe
gave
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.D
EF.
PT.I
.3SG
.
Whe
nhe
had
said
(so)
,(K
.F.)
gave
(him
)a
bunc
hof
drum
(s).
64 H>b
era
tum
bula
igen
,in
dihe
gen
gelik
aha
˙ tago
ho,
jaha
ifi
aio
c
gala
hu
˙ t
˙ teko
˙ luhu
˙ tike
oge
haka
.<be
ratu
mbu
laig
enin
dihe
gen
gelik
aha
˙ tago
hoja
haif
iai
otga
lahu
˙ t˙ teko
˙ luhu
˙ tike
oge
haka
the
drum
liftin
gfl
ying
upgo
neto
am
anne
rgo
ing
hehi
tth
eysa
yit
was
(?)
ofG
alaf
usi
end
bein
gsc
rew
pine
toa
tree
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CV
ER
BPN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
M.D
EF.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
III
PAR
T.P
T.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.PT
.I3S
G.
EX
T.
PAR
T.P
T.
GE
N.
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
RS.
OB
L.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
Tak
ing
the
drum
,(t
hecr
ane)
wen
ton
inth
ew
ayhe
had
gone
(bef
ore)
and
land
edon
asc
rew
pine
tree
whi
chw
asat
the
end
ofG
alaf
usi.
Fbe
˙ num
ma,
bera
ma
˙ natu
mbe
lage
nud
ihem
unud
ihem
ungo
hoM
elia
gefa
˙ n
˙ nei
hısi
kege
heki
inde
mi
kenı
:be
˙ nun
ma
bera
ma
˙ natu
mbe
lage
nud
ihem
unud
ihem
ungo
hoM
elia
gefa
˙ n
˙ nei
hısi
kege
heki
inde
mi
kenı
:sa
ying
attim
epa
ncak
elif
ting
byfl
ying
byfl
ying
goin
gof
Min
beac
hw
aybe
ing
scre
wpi
neon
atr
eesi
tting
dow
nth
isw
hat
hesa
ysis
:V
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
DPR
ON
VE
RB
OB
L.
LO
C.
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IR
GR
ND
.R
GR
ND
.A
BS.
OB
L.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
RS.
OB
L.
LO
C.
AB
S.N
OM
.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.
Whe
n(h
e)ha
dsa
id(s
o),
taki
ngup
the
drum
,go
ing
onfl
ying
and
flyi
ngan
dsi
tting
dow
non
asc
rew
pine
tree
whi
chst
ood
onM
elia
’sbe
ach,
hesa
id:
64a
Fta
bere
nunu
n,m
abe
renu
nun,
rasg
efu
ttila
bere
ke,
kega
n
˙ dibe
re,
rava
rava
.ta
bere
nunu
nm
abe
renu
nun
rasg
efu
ttila
bere
keke
gan
˙ dibe
rera
vara
vayo
urdr
umno
tis
not
my
drum
not
isno
tki
ng’s
prin
ce-l
ord
(?)
drum
sayi
ngof
Kdr
um=
=PP
RO
NN
OU
NPA
RT
CPA
RT
CPP
RO
NN
OU
NPA
RT
CPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BPN
(?)
NO
UN
INT
JIN
TJ
OB
L.
NO
M.
NE
G.
(M)
NE
G.
OB
L.
NO
M.
NE
G.
(M)
NE
G.
GE
N.
OB
L.
NO
M.
AB
S.G
EN
.N
OM
.=
=
‘It
isno
tyo
urdr
um,
itis
not
my
drum
,it
isth
eki
ng’s
prin
ce’s
drum
,’he
said
,‘i
tis
Keg
an
˙ di’s
drum
,cr
awcr
aw’.
65 Adi
mm
ei,
bera
kolo
ahi
fage
n,tu
mbe
lage
ngo
s,bo
n
˙ dam
asi
nga
hi
c
bia
nika
vilis
sage
haki
jehi
fei
inde
kenı
,di
nm
eibe
rako
loa
hifa
gen
tum
bela
gen
gos
bon
˙ dam
asi
nga
hit
bia
nika
vilis
sage
haki
jehi
fei
inde
kenı
give
nw
hen
drum
the
bunc
hgr
aspi
nglif
ting
goin
gbi
ghu
gelio
nhe
art
beat
ing
flam
boya
nton
atr
eela
ndin
gsi
tting
wha
the
says
isV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BA
DJ
AD
JN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
B
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.D
EF.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
III
AB
S.A
TT
R.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.N
OM
.PA
RT
.PR
S.O
BL
.L
OC
.IN
DE
F.A
BS.
IA
BS.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
Whe
n(h
e)w
asgi
ven
(it)
,gr
aspi
ngth
ebu
nch
ofdr
ums,
taki
ng(i
t),
goin
gon
and
land
ing
upon
anam
azin
ghu
gefl
ambo
yant
tree
and
sitti
ngth
ere,
hesa
id,
76 Texts with interlinear analysis
65a
Agu
a
c
dı,
ra
˙ le
c
gati
n;ra
˙ le
c
dı,
eme
c
gati
n;em
a
c
dı,
mah
a
c
gati
n;m
aha
c
dı,
dara
ben
˙ diga
tin;
gua
c
dıra
˙ le
c
gatin
;ra
˙ le
c
dıem
e
c
gatin
ema
c
dım
aha
c
gatin
mah
a
c
dıda
rabe
n
˙ diga
tina
drop
ping
givi
nga
wav
eI
rece
ived
aw
ave
givi
nga
bait
fish
Ire
ceiv
eda
bait
fish
givi
nga
fish
Ire
ceiv
eda
fish
givi
ngfi
rew
ood
bund
leI
rece
ived
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.(M
!)N
OM
.IN
DE
F.(M
!)PT
.1SG
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.(M
!)A
BS.
(M!)
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
(M!)
PT.1
SG.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.(M
!)N
OM
.IN
DE
F.PT
.1SG
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.A
BS.
(M!)
OB
L.
NO
M.
PT.1
SG.
‘Hav
ing
give
na
drop
ping
,I
rece
ived
aw
ave;
havi
nggi
ven
aw
ave,
Ire
ceiv
ed(a
)ba
itfi
sh;
havi
nggi
ven
(a)
bait
fish
,I
rece
ived
afi
sh;
havi
nggi
ven
afi
sh,
Ire
ceiv
ed(a
)bu
ndle
offi
rew
ood;
65b
Ada
rabe
n
˙ didı
,fa
nitu
˙ lela
c
gati
n;fa
nitu
˙ lela
c
dı,
kubu
ha
c
gati
n;ku
buhe
c
dı,
tera
c
gati
n;te
ra
c
dı,
na
˙ ne
c
gati
n;da
rabe
n
˙ didı
fani
tu
˙ lela
c
gatin
fani
tu
˙ lela
c
dıku
buha
c
gatin
kubu
he
c
dıte
ra
c
gatin
tera
c
dına
˙ ne
c
gatin
fire
woo
dbu
ndle
givi
ngtr
eacl
ea
mea
sure
Ire
ceiv
edtr
eacl
ea
mea
sure
givi
nga
panc
ake
Ire
ceiv
eda
panc
ake
givi
nga
reel
Ire
ceiv
eda
reel
givi
nga
fish
ing
line
Ire
ceiv
edN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
B
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.(M
!)O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.PT
.1SG
.O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.A
BS.
(M!)
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PT.1
SG.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
(M!)
AB
S.(M
!)N
OM
.IN
DE
F.PT
.1SG
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.A
BS.
(M!)
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
M!
PT.1
SG.
Hav
ing
give
n(a
)bu
ndle
offi
rew
ood,
Ire
ceiv
eda
mea
sure
oftr
eacl
e;ha
ving
give
na
mea
sure
oftr
eacl
e,I
rece
ived
apa
ncak
e;ha
ving
give
na
reel
,I
rece
ived
afi
shin
glin
e;
65c
Ana
˙ ne
c
dı,
bere
c
gati
n:ta
bera
c
nun,
ma
bera
c
nun,
Kog
an
˙ diF
ucca
lobe
rara
vara
va.
na
˙ ne
c
dıbe
re
c
gatin
tabe
ra
c
nun
ma
bera
c
nun
Kog
an
˙ diF
ucca
lobe
rara
vara
vaa
fish
ing
line
givi
nga
drum
Ire
ceiv
edyo
urdr
umit
isno
tm
ydr
umit
isno
tof
Kog
an
˙ daFu
ccal
oth
edr
um=
=N
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BPP
RO
NN
OU
NPA
RT
CPP
RO
NN
OU
NPA
RT
CPN
PNN
OU
NIN
TJ
INT
J
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
(M!)
AB
S.(M
!)N
OM
.IN
DE
F.(M
!)PT
.1SG
.O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.N
EG
.O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.N
EG
.G
EN
.O
BL
.N
OM
.DE
F.=
=
Hav
ing
give
na
fish
ing
line,
Ire
ceiv
eda
drum
;it
isno
tyo
urdr
um,
itis
not
my
drum
,(i
tis
)K
.F.
’sdr
um,
rava
,ra
va.’
66 Fm
ehen
keke
hisu
vela
i,M
elia
gedi
aeb
age
lo
˙ nofu
rann
a.m
ehen
keke
hisu
vela
iM
elia
gedi
aeb
age
lo
˙ nofu
rann
ath
isw
aysa
ying
sayi
nghe
bein
gat
time
ofM
.da
ught
ersh
ew
ent
off
salt
tofi
llA
DV
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
PNN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
B
MO
D.
AB
S.A
BS.
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
GE
N.
NO
M.
PT.3
SG.
NO
M.
INF.
Whi
lehe
was
talk
ing
and
talk
ing
like
this
,M
.D.
wen
tof
fto
fill
up(h
er)
salt.
H>j
ahai
hu
˙ t
˙ tai,
bere
jaha
nin
duva
i,m
am
elle
gedi
aba
iai
mi
tan
lo
˙ nohu
vann
a.<
jaha
ihu
˙ t˙ tai
bere
jaha
nin
duva
im
am
elle
gedi
aba
aim
ita
nlo
˙ nohu
vann
ahi
tting
bein
gdr
umto
beat
setti
ngM
.of
M.-
hous
eD
she
cam
eth
eysa
yth
ispl
ace
salt
tolo
okfo
rV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BA
DJ
PNN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
AB
S.A
BS.
NO
M.
INF.
AB
S.A
TT
R.
GE
N.
NO
M.D
EF.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
F.
Whe
nhe
had
land
edth
ere
and
had
star
ted
tobe
at(t
he)
drum
,M
.M.D
.ca
me
tohi
spl
ace
tolo
okfo
rso
me
salt.
77T2 Makana
67 Fer
ıfe
hisu
vela
i,m
iabe
˙ ni-a
i,tı
kalo
bera
ma
˙ nanu
n-ai
,tı
denn
ake
.er
ıfe
hisu
vela
im
iabe
˙ niai
tıka
lobe
ram
a
˙ nanu
nai
tıde
nna
kege
tting
out
itbe
ing
attim
eth
ison
ehe
said
they
say
this
(you
r)lo
rddr
umis
not
sayi
ngth
is(y
our)
one
togi
vesa
ying
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
DPR
ON
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
N+
DIM
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CD
PRO
NV
ER
BV
ER
B
AB
S.I
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
OB
L.
(!)
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.N
OM
.PR
S.3S
G.
INT
.N
OM
.IN
F.A
BS.
Just
whe
nsh
ew
ent
out,
she
said
,‘t
his
isno
tyo
urdr
um,
give
(it
back
tom
e).’
H>a
ho,
mia
mak
anay
abe
reja
han
indu
vai,
bo
˙ ni-a
i,ta
hitu
nta
c
tıbe
reja
hanu
nhe
?<ah
om
iam
akan
aya
bere
jaha
nin
duva
ibo
˙ niai
tahi
tun
tas
tıbe
reja
hanu
nhe
?co
min
gth
ison
eth
ecr
ane
drum
tobe
atse
tting
she
said
they
say
your
from
hear
tto
you
this
drum
isbe
atab
leas
king
VE
RB
PPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPP
RO
NN
OU
NPP
RO
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BIP
AR
TC
AB
S.N
OM
.N
OM
.DE
F.N
OM
.IN
F.A
BS.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
OB
L.
AB
L.
DA
T.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.PA
RT
.PT
.PO
T.
EX
T.
Com
ing
(the
re)
whe
nth
ecr
ane
was
abou
tto
beat
the
drum
,sh
esa
id,
‘do
you
real
lyth
ink
you
are
able
tobe
atth
edr
um?’
68 H>b
o
˙ nım
mai
,bo
˙ ni-a
i,ai
,ti
mm
ıha
bere
jaha
nna
go.<
bo
˙ nın
mai
bo
˙ niai
aitim
mıh
abe
reja
hann
ago
sayi
ngat
time
hesa
idth
eysa
yye
sse
lfto
the
man
drum
tobe
atin
deed
(?)
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPA
RT
CPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
AFF
.O
BL
.D
AT
.DE
F.N
OM
.IN
F.(?
)M
OD
.
At
(her
)sa
ying
(so)
,(t
hecr
ane)
said
,‘y
es,
Iam
inde
edab
le(?
)to
beat
the
drum
.’
69 H>b
o
˙ nım
mai
bo
˙ ni-a
i,m
am
elle
gedi
a,<
bo
˙ nın
mai
bo
˙ niai
ma
mel
lege
dia
sayi
ngat
time
hesa
idth
eysa
yM
MD
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CA
DJ
PNN
OU
N
OB
L.
LO
C.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
AT
TR
.G
EN
.N
OM
.DE
F.
At
(her
)sa
ying
(so)
,he
said
,‘M
.M.D
.,
69a
H>t
aan
gaya
ma
anga
ya,
dean
gaya
kere
rate
anga
yake
bala
nta
anga
yaha
kolla
ila
nna
ke.<
taan
gaya
ma
anga
yade
anga
yake
rera
tean
gaya
keba
lan
taan
gaya
hako
llai
lann
ake
your
the
mou
thm
yth
em
outh
two
the
mou
thco
mpa
ring
red
am
outh
tose
eyo
urm
outh
open
mak
ing
tola
ysa
ying
PPR
ON
NO
UN
PPR
ON
NO
UN
CA
RD
NO
UN
POST
PA
DJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
PPR
ON
NO
UN
AD
JV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
B
OB
L.
NO
M.D
EF.
OB
L.
NO
M.D
EF.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.DE
F.L
OC
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INF.
OB
L.
NO
M.D
EF.
PRE
D.
AB
S.II
INF.
AB
S.
open
your
mou
th,’
hesa
id,
‘(so
that
we
can)
see
whi
chm
outh
,yo
urm
outh
orm
ym
outh
,is
(the
mor
e)re
d(o
ne).
78 Texts with interlinear analysis
70 H>m
am
elle
gedi
aan
gaya
hake
ran
taci
ski
agu
ake
laif
i-ai
.<m
am
elle
gedi
aan
gaya
hake
ran
taci
ski
agu
ake
laif
iai
M.
M.
D.
the
mou
thop
enm
akin
gat
mom
ent
chis
ssa
ying
adr
oppi
nghe
laid
they
say
AD
JPN
NO
UN
NO
UN
AD
JV
ER
BN
OU
NIN
TJ
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AT
TR
.G
EN
.O
BL
.DE
F.N
OM
.DE
F.PR
ED
.PA
RT
.PR
S.O
BL
.A
BS.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PT.I
.3SG
.IN
T.
Just
whe
nM
.M.D
.ha
dop
ened
her
mou
th,
cis,
hela
ida
drop
ping
into
it.
71 H>m
am
elle
gedi
abo
˙ ni-a
i,m
akan
aya
vata
˙ t,be
raeg
em
atta
˙ t,ke
age
haeg
em
atta
˙ tin
gen
fehe
nadi
re
c .<m
am
elle
gedi
abo
˙ niai
mak
anay
ava
ta
˙ tbe
raeg
em
atta
˙ tke
age
haeg
em
atta
˙ tin
gen
fehe
nadi
rek
M.
M.
D.
she
said
they
say
the
cran
edo
wn
the
drum
ofth
atup
onth
esc
rew
pine
the
tree
ofth
atup
onfe
llif
avo
tive
gift
AD
JPN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NPP
RO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NPP
RO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BC
ON
JN
OU
N
AT
TR
.G
EN
.N
OM
.DE
F.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.N
OM
.DE
F.D
AT
.N
OM
.DE
F.G
EN
.D
AT
.O
BL
.DE
F.N
OM
.DE
F.G
EN
.D
AT
.A
BS.
CO
ND
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.(M
!)
M.M
.D.
said
,‘(
Ish
ould
give
)a
votiv
egi
ftif
the
cran
efe
lldo
wn,
the
drum
(fel
l)up
onhi
m(a
nd)
the
scre
wpi
netr
ee(f
ell)
upon
that
.’
72 Fde
nm
iam
ita
nba
lage
nhi
sei
eren
ı-ai
lo˙ no
fura
nna.
den
mia
mi
tan
bala
gen
hise
ier
enı
ailo
˙ nofu
rann
ath
enth
ison
eth
ispl
ace
look
ing
bein
gw
hat
she
got
out
for
was
they
say
salt
tofi
llA
DV
DPR
ON
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NV
ER
B
TE
MP.
OB
L.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
AB
S.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.E
XT
.N
OM
.IN
F.
The
n,lo
okin
g(a
roun
d)th
ispl
ace,
she
got
out
tofi
llup
(her
)sa
lt.
73 Fgo
hogo
hohi
suve
lai
ve
˙ t
˙ tıge
ngo
hoje
hıfe
hata
ruka
kul
ham
bage
nba
˙ dia
gan
˙ dom
ugur
agen
ebag
e-ai
.go
hogo
hohi
suve
lai
ve
˙ t˙ tıge
ngo
hoje
hıfe
hata
ruka
kul
ham
bage
nba
˙ dia
gan
˙ dom
ugur
agen
ebag
eai
goin
ggo
ing
bein
gat
time
falli
nggo
ing
hitti
ngfo
urkn
eebr
eaki
ng(?
)be
lly(?
)pi
ece
crac
king
hew
ent
off
they
say
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
CA
RD
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.A
BS.
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
AB
S.I
AT
TR
.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
OB
L.
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IPT
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Whe
nsh
ew
asgo
ing
arou
nd(l
ike
this
),(t
hecr
ane
?)w
ent
off
(aga
in),
hit
(the
grou
nd)
byfa
lling
dow
n,br
oke
(his
)kn
eein
four
(par
ts?)
and
crac
ked
(his
)be
lly(?
).
T3: Mo ˙logan ˙da
The axe
A ˙d ˙du: cAlı Ma ˙nikufanu
80 Texts with interlinear analysis
1m
iti
bıva
ra
c
fakı
rifa
kıri
dem
afir
iaka
men
-au.
mi
tibı
vara
sfa
kıri
fakı
ride
maf
iria
kam
enau
ther
ew
how
ere
very
poor
poor
two
wom
an-(
with
)-a-
man
-tog
ethe
rth
eysa
yA
DV
VE
RB
NO
UN
AD
JA
DJ
CA
RD
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.D
AT
.A
TT
R.
AT
TR
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.P
L.
EX
T.
The
re(o
nce)
was
ave
rypo
orco
uple
.
2ko
mm
iak-
asm
ige
dem
afir
inge
duva
sdi
give
gen
gei
duva
sva
ri.
kom
mia
kas
mi
gede
maf
irin
gedu
vas
digi
vege
nge
ıdu
vas
vari
how
ever
this
ofho
use
two
ofw
oman
-man
day
long
beco
min
gth
ew
ayth
eypa
ssed
was
time
ina
peri
odA
DV
PAR
TC
DPR
ON
NO
UN
CA
RD
NO
UN
NO
UN
AD
JV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
N
MO
D.
MO
D.
AT
TR
.G
EN
.A
TT
R.
GE
N.P
L.
OB
L.
PRE
D.
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
OB
L.
LO
C.
Inso
me
way
oran
othe
r,th
ese
two
peop
leliv
edto
geth
erfo
rlo
ngen
ough
ape
riod
oftim
e.
3e
gota
ka
c
be
˙ nafe
he,
bali
vein
dige
.e
gota
kas
be
˙ nafe
heba
live
indi
geth
atto
way
calli
ngif
illbe
com
ing
she
beca
me
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
CO
NJ
AD
JV
ER
BV
ER
B
AT
TR
.D
AT
.IN
DE
F.A
BS.
CO
ND
.PR
ED
.A
BS.
PT.I
V.3
SG.
Inot
her
wor
ds,
she
(fin
ally
)be
cam
epr
egna
nt.
4nu
vam
asdi
hafu
ruva
iku
da
c
veha
fi.
nuva
mas
diha
furu
vai
kuda
kve
hafi
nine
mon
thte
nfi
lling
ach
ildw
asbo
rnC
AR
DN
OU
NC
AR
DV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
B
AT
TR
.N
OM
.A
TT
R.
AB
S.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.PT
.I.3
SG.
Aft
erco
mpl
etio
nof
nine
mon
ths
(and
)te
n(d
ays)
,a
child
was
born
.
5de
ne
kudd
afi
rife
rava
ra
c
aram
unge
koba
ppa
mar
ave
ge.
den
eku
dda
firi
fera
vara
sar
amun
geko
bapp
am
ara
vege
then
that
the
child
husb
and
fulf
illin
gto
age
clim
bing
gone
whe
nfa
ther
dead
beca
me
AD
VD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NA
DJ
VE
RB
TE
MP.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.DE
F.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.D
AT
.G
RN
D.
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.
NO
M.D
EF.
PRE
D.
PT.I
V.3
SG.
Just
whe
nth
isch
ildw
asab
out
tobe
com
em
atur
efo
rm
arry
ing,
his
fath
erdi
ed.
81T3 Mo ˙logan ˙da
6de
nm
ive
n
˙ denı
amai
deve
rin
eka
˙ ni.
den
mi
ven
˙ denı
ama
aide
veri
nek
a
˙ nith
enno
wth
ew
ayhe
was
livin
gis
mot
her
with
two
peop
leal
one
AD
VA
DV
VE
RB
NO
UN
CO
NJ
CA
RD
NO
UN
AD
V
TE
MP.
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
OB
L.
SOC
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.P
L.
MO
D.
The
nhe
had
toliv
eal
one
with
(his
)m
othe
r.
7e
hen
vend
emun
gos
duva
ske
˙ da
c
vege
fahu
nm
iku
dda
ama
ekuh
uneh
ı-au
,e
hen
vend
emun
gos
duva
ske
˙ dak
vege
fahu
nm
iku
dda
ama
ekuh
uneh
ıau
that
way
livin
ggo
ing
time
api
ece
beco
me
afte
rth
isth
ech
ildm
othe
rfr
omhe
aske
dsa
ying
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AT
TR
.O
BL
.G
RN
D.
AB
S.O
BL
.O
BL
.IN
DE
F.PA
RT
.PT
.IV
AB
L.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.DE
F.O
BL
.DE
F.A
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
INT
.
Aft
era
piec
eof
time
had
pass
ed(d
urin
gw
hich
)th
eyliv
edlik
eth
at,
the
boy
aske
dhi
sm
othe
r,
7aba
ppag
edu
vas
vari
bapp
adu
˙ nie
ven
˙ de
c
ke
˙ deı
kon
mas
akka
ta
c
tau?
bapp
age
duva
sva
riba
ppa
du
˙ nie
ven
˙ des
ke
˙ deı
kon
mas
akka
tak
tau?
offa
ther
time
inpe
riod
fath
eron
eart
hto
live
wha
the
did
was
wha
ta
wor
kas
king
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
IPR
ON
NO
UN
IPA
RT
C
GE
N.D
EF.
OB
L.
LO
C.
OB
L.D
EF.
LO
C.
INF.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INT
.
‘Wha
tw
ork
did
(my)
fath
erdo
inor
der
toliv
eon
eart
hdu
ring
his
lifet
ime?
’
8be
˙ nim
eike
fi,
bapp
aku
mbu
ran
kosa
ivi
kkı-
au.
be
˙ nim
eike
fiba
ppa
kum
bura
nko
sai
vikk
ıau
said
whe
nsa
idfa
ther
fire
woo
dcu
tting
sold
sayi
ngV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
PT.I
.3SG
.N
OM
.DE
F.N
OM
.A
BS.
PT.3
SG.
INT
.
At
(his
)sa
ying
(so,
she)
said
,‘f
athe
rso
ldfi
rew
ood
afte
rcu
tting
(it)
.’
9be
˙ nim
ei,
mi
koyy
aah
afi,
bapp
aku
mbu
ran
kosi
ev-v
i-as
hati
ara
teti
bita
u?be
˙ nim
eim
iko
yya
ahaf
iba
ppa
kum
bura
nko
siev
-vi-
asha
tiara
tetib
ita
u?sa
idw
hen
this
child
aske
dfa
ther
fire
woo
dcu
ton
e-be
com
e-ev
ento
ols
are
ther
eas
king
VE
RB
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BIP
AR
TC
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.SG
.PT
.I.3
SG.
OB
L.D
EF.
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
T.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.PT
.3PL
.IN
T.
At
(her
)sa
ying
(so)
,th
ech
ildas
ked,
‘are
ther
ean
yto
ols
wha
tsoe
ver
whi
ch(m
y)fa
ther
used
for
cutti
ng?’
82 Texts with interlinear analysis
10be
˙ nim
ei,
ama
be
˙ nı,
bala
c
bala
fela
c
kei
kudu
ase
ente
sa
c .be
˙ nim
eiam
abe
˙ nıba
las
bala
fela
ske
iku
duas
een
tesa
ssa
idw
hen
mot
her
said
tolo
okpl
ease
tolo
oksa
ying
smal
lof
tabl
ebe
low
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VB
.NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
AD
JN
OU
NN
OU
N
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
OB
L.D
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.IN
F.IN
F.A
BS.
AT
TR
.G
EN
.D
AT
.
At
(his
)sa
ying
so,
(his
)m
othe
rto
ldhi
m‘p
leas
e(t
o)lo
okun
dern
eath
the
tabl
e.’
11m
iku
dda
beli
ko,
eta
niot
ım
o
˙ loga
n
˙ da
c .m
iku
dda
beli
koe
tani
otı
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dak
this
the
child
look
edw
hen
that
inpl
ace
wha
tw
asw
asan
axe
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
AT
TR
.O
BL
.DE
F.PA
RT
.PT
.O
BL
.A
TT
R.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.
Whe
nth
ech
ildlo
oked
,th
ere
was
anax
eat
this
plac
e.
12m
iku
dda
kefi
,am
a-u,
tim
ae
˙ nei
dara
hoda
s-au
.m
iku
dda
kefi
ama
-au
tima
e
˙ nei
dara
hoda
sau
this
child
said
mot
her
sayi
ngse
lfw
here
shal
lgo
isfi
rew
ood
tolo
okfo
rsa
ying
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
CPR
ON
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AT
TR
.N
OM
.DE
F.PT
.3SG
.N
OM
.IN
T.
OB
L.
PAR
T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.
INF.
INT
.
The
child
said
,‘m
othe
r,I
shal
lgo
tolo
okfo
r(s
ome)
woo
d.’
13be
˙ nim
ei,
mi
kudd
age
ama
libe
˙ neka
eti
ke
˙ da
c
tayy
ara
kolli
.be
˙ nim
eim
iku
ddag
eam
alib
e
˙ neka
eti
ke
˙ dak
tayy
ara
kolli
said
whe
nth
isth
ech
ild’s
mot
her
rece
ived
eatin
gth
ing
api
ece
read
ym
ade
VE
RB
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
AD
JV
ER
B
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
AT
TR
.G
EN
.DE
F.N
OM
.DE
F.PA
RT
.PT
.PA
RT
.PR
S.O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.PR
ED
.PT
.II.
3SG
.
At
(his
)sa
ying
(so)
,th
isch
ild’s
mot
her
prep
ared
som
ethi
ngto
eat
whi
chsh
eco
uld
find
.
14m
ıka
gen,
mi
kudd
ade
nda
rako
s-au
ebeg
e.m
ıka
gen
mi
kudd
ade
nda
rako
sas
ebeg
eth
isea
ting
this
the
child
then
fire
woo
dto
cut
wen
tof
fD
PRO
NV
ER
BD
PRO
NV
ER
BA
DV
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IA
TT
R.
NO
M.D
EF.
TE
MP.
NO
M.
INF.
PT.I
V.3
SG.
Aft
erea
ting
this
,th
ech
ildw
ent
off
tocu
tfi
rew
ood.
83T3 Mo ˙logan ˙da
15go
sm
iku
dda
edu
vahi
kosi
dara
vikk
im
eilib
e
˙ nei
e
c
kam
iba
iru
fia.
gos
mi
kudd
ae
duva
hiko
sida
ravi
kki
mei
libe
˙ neı
ekka
mi
bai
rufi
ago
ing
this
the
child
that
onda
ycu
tfi
rew
ood
sold
whe
nw
hat
was
rece
ived
was
one
infa
ctha
lfru
pee
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
CA
RD
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
AB
S.A
TT
R.
OB
L.D
EF.
AT
TR
.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.PA
RT
.PT
.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
AT
TR
.L
OC
.O
BL
.N
OM
.
Whe
nhe
sold
the
fire
woo
dhe
had
cut
that
day
goin
gou
t,he
rece
ived
but
half
aru
pee.
16lib
e
˙ nem
ei,
edu
vahi
ham
aja
ssag
enhi
sefe
i,e
rei
rei
koff
eifa
hidu
vahi
mi
kudd
ate
duvi
ga
c .lib
e
˙ nem
eie
duva
hiha
ma
jass
agen
hise
fei
ere
ire
iko
ffei
fahi
duva
him
iku
dda
tedu
viga
tre
ceiv
edw
hen
that
onda
yin
agre
emen
tst
riki
ngbe
ing
that
onni
ght
nigh
tm
akin
gaf
ter
onda
yth
isth
ech
ildgo
tup
VE
RB
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
AD
VV
ER
BV
ER
BD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
B
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
AT
TR
.L
OC
.M
OD
.A
BS.
III
AB
S.I
AT
TR
.L
OC
.N
OM
.A
BS.
IG
EN
.L
OC
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.D
EF.
PT.I
II.3
SG.
Aft
erre
ceiv
ing
(thi
s)an
dth
usha
ving
been
cont
ente
dfo
rth
atda
y,an
daf
ter
spen
ding
that
nigh
t,he
got
upth
eda
yaf
ter.
17te
duvi
be
˙ nı,
ama-
u,m
aen
ıda
rako
sas-
au.
tedu
vibe
˙ nıam
aau
ma
enı
dara
kosa
sau
getti
ngup
wha
the
said
was
mot
her
sayi
ngI
whe
ream
goin
gis
fire
woo
dto
cut
sayi
ngV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
PPR
ON
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
NO
M.
INT
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.N
OM
.IN
F.IN
T.
Aft
erge
tting
uphe
said
,‘m
othe
r,I
amgo
ing
tocu
tfi
rew
ood.
’
18ke
fei,
edu
vahi
geı
kuri
edu
vaha
c
vanı
bi
c dara
c .ke
fei
edu
vahi
geı
kuri
edu
vaha
sva
nıbi
ddar
assa
ying
that
onda
yw
here
hew
ent
was
befo
reto
day
than
behi
ndV
ER
BD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NC
ON
JN
OU
N
AB
S.I
AT
TR
.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
GE
N.
DA
T.
CO
MP.
DA
T.
Hav
ing
said
(so)
,he
wen
tfu
rthe
rbe
hind
that
day
than
(he
had
gone
)th
eda
ybe
fore
.
19da
rako
sage
nas
,da
raba
zara
c
vikk
afi.
dara
kosa
gen
asda
raba
zara
svi
kkaf
ifi
rew
ood
cutti
ngco
min
gfi
rew
ood
tom
arke
the
sold
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
NO
M.
DA
T.
PT.I
.3SG
.
Com
ing
back
from
cutti
ngfi
rew
ood,
heso
ldth
efi
rew
ood
onth
em
arke
t.
84 Texts with interlinear analysis
20e
duva
hilib
e
˙ nei
e
c
kam
iru
fia.
edu
vahi
libe
˙ neı
ekka
mi
rufi
ath
aton
day
wha
the
rece
ived
was
one
infa
ctru
pee
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
CA
RD
NO
UN
NO
UN
AT
TR
.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
AT
TR
.L
OC
.N
OM
.
On
that
day,
hega
ined
just
one
rupe
e.
21e
duva
hide
nhi
tau
erı
mad
uma
e
˙ nei
ege
dura
s-au
.e
duva
hide
nhi
tas
erı
mad
uma
e
˙ neı
eage
dura
sau
that
onda
yth
ento
min
dw
hat
aros
ew
asto
mor
row
whe
resh
all
gois
ofth
atfu
rthe
rsa
ying
DPR
ON
NO
UN
AD
VN
OU
NV
ER
BA
DV
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
AT
TR
.L
OC
.T
EM
P.D
AT
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
TE
MP.
PAR
T.F
UT
.+FO
C.
GE
N.
DA
T.
INT
.
Tha
tda
y,it
cam
eto
his
min
d,‘t
omor
row
,(I
shal
l)go
even
furt
her
than
that
.’
22ke
fei,
ere
ire
iko
ffei
,te
duvi
gen,
be
˙ nafi
,am
a-u,
mi
enı
dara
kosa
s-au
.ke
fei
ere
ire
iko
ffei
tedu
vige
nbe
˙ nafi
ama
aum
ien
ıda
rako
sas
ausa
ying
that
onni
ght
nigh
tm
akin
gge
tting
uphe
said
mot
her
sayi
ngno
ww
here
Iam
goin
gis
fire
woo
dto
cut
sayi
ngV
ER
BD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
AD
VV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.I
AT
TR
.L
OC
.N
OM
.A
BS.
IA
BS.
III
PT.I
.3SG
.N
OM
.IN
T.
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
NO
M.
INF.
INT
.
Aft
ersa
ying
(so)
and
spen
ding
the
nigh
t,he
got
upan
dsa
id,
‘mot
her,
Iam
now
goin
gto
cut
fire
woo
d.’
23de
nhi
ngam
unhi
ngam
unhi
ngam
ungo
s,ba
lalı
ko,
tebi
hi
c
hiki
fei
hisi
vara
c
bon
˙ dage
ha
c .de
nhi
ngam
unhi
ngam
unhi
ngam
ungo
sba
lalı
kote
bihi
sıhi
kife
ihi
siva
ras
bon
˙ dage
hak
then
goin
ggo
ing
goin
ggo
ing
look
edw
hen
here
was
drie
dbe
ing
very
big
atr
eeA
DV
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
AD
VV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NA
DJ
NO
UN
TE
MP.
RG
RN
D.
RG
RN
D.
RG
RN
D.
AB
S.PA
RT
.PT
.II
OB
L.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.(
+FO
C.)
AB
S.I
PAR
T.P
T.
DA
T.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.
The
n,w
hen
hefi
nally
look
ed(a
roun
d)af
ter
goin
gon
and
on,
ther
ew
asa
very
big
tree
that
had
got
dry.
24m
ige
hahi
sıko
raki
kave
rie.
mi
geha
hisı
kora
kika
veri
eth
isth
etr
eew
here
itst
ood
was
ofa
pond
near
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
AT
TR
.O
BL
.DE
F.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
GE
N.I
ND
EF.
LO
C.
Thi
str
eest
ood
near
apo
nd.
85T3 Mo ˙logan ˙da
25de
n,ge
hau
arai
,ek
kala
c
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dun
eti
fara
c
jaha
fi.
den
geha
sar
aiek
kala
sm
o
˙ loga
n
˙ dun
etif
aras
jaha
fith
ento
the
tree
clim
bing
one
totim
ew
ithax
ebl
owhe
stru
ckA
DV
NO
UN
VE
RB
CA
RD
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
TE
MP.
DA
T.D
EF.
AB
S.A
TT
R.
DA
T.
AB
L.
DA
T.
PT.I
.3SG
.
The
n,ha
ving
clim
bed
upon
the
tree
,he
stru
ckit
with
his
axe
one
time.
26je
him
eivı
leka
kıko
yyag
eat
unm
o
˙ loga
n
˙ dain
ge.
jehi
mei
vıle
kakı
koyy
age
atun
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dain
gest
ruck
whe
nbe
com
ea
mat
ter
was
ofth
ebo
yfr
omha
ndax
efe
lldo
wn
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
+FO
C.
GE
N.D
EF.
AB
L.
NO
M.(
DE
F.)
PT.I
V.3
SG.
Whe
nhe
stru
ckit,
the
axe
fell
dow
nfr
omth
ebo
y’s
hand
.
27m
iga
n
˙ dain
gen
gos,
jehe
˙ nei
kore
eter
e.m
iga
n
˙ dain
gen
gos
jehe
˙ neı
kore
eter
eth
isth
ing
falli
nggo
ing
whe
reit
hit
was
ofpo
ndin
side
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
AT
TR
.O
BL
.A
BS.
III
AB
S.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
GE
N.
LO
C.
Whe
nit
fell
dow
n,it
hit
into
the
pond
.
28de
n,m
iku
dda
dere
vela
fei,
eri.
den
mi
kudd
ade
reve
lafe
ier
ith
enth
isth
ech
ilddi
sapp
oint
edha
ving
beco
me
clim
bed
dow
nA
DV
DPR
ON
NO
UN
AD
JV
ER
BV
ER
B
TE
MP.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.DE
F.PR
ED
.A
BS.
II+
IPT
.3SG
.
The
nth
ebo
ybe
cam
edi
sapp
oint
edan
dcl
imbe
ddo
wn.
29m
iku
dda
hisı
gova
c
a
˙ dike
˙ da
c
hara
ko
c
bara
c .m
iku
dda
hisı
gova
sa
˙ dike
˙ dak
hara
kos
bara
sth
isth
ech
ildth
ew
ayhe
was
was
tocr
yof
voic
ea
piec
eha
rdm
akin
gal
oud
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
AD
JV
ER
BA
DV
AT
TR
.O
BL
.DE
F.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
INF.
GE
N.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PRE
D.
AB
S.M
OD
.
The
boy
star
ted
cryi
ngal
oud
asst
rong
aspo
ssib
le(l
it."m
akin
ga
stro
ngpi
ece
ofvo
ice"
).
86 Texts with interlinear analysis
30e
hen
hisi
vele
i,ko
run
arag
em
ıha
c .e
hen
hisi
vele
iko
run
arag
em
ıhak
that
sort
bein
gw
hile
from
pond
clim
bed
upa
man
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.L
OC
.A
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.IV
(+FO
C.)
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
Whi
lehe
was
(sta
ndin
gth
ere)
,a
man
clim
bed
upfr
omth
epo
nd.
31ed
eah
afi,
koyy
a-u,
koyy
ago
vanı
kian
vege
nta
u?ed
eah
afi
koyy
aau
koyy
ago
vanı
kian
vege
nta
u?he
aske
dbo
ysa
ying
boy
that
you
are
cryi
ngis
how
beco
min
gas
king
DPR
ON
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NV
ER
BIP
RO
NV
ER
BIP
AR
TC
NO
M.
PT.I
.3SG
.N
OM
.IN
T.
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
AB
L.
AB
S.II
IIN
T.
He
aske
d,‘b
oy,
why
are
you
(lit.
"the
boy"
)cr
ying
like
this
?’
32ti
ma
mi
gova
nıti
ma
dara
kosa
c
gina
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dam
iko
reet
era
c
inge
n-au
,ed
ebe
˙ nafi
.tim
am
igo
vanı
tima
dara
kosa
sgi
nam
o
˙ loga
n
˙ dam
iko
reet
eras
inge
nau
ede
be
˙ nafi
self
now
why
Iam
cryi
ngis
self
fire
woo
dto
cut
take
nax
eth
isof
pond
into
falle
nsa
ying
hesa
idPR
ON
AD
VV
ER
BPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CD
PRO
NV
ER
B
OB
L.
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.
INF.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
AT
TR
.G
EN
.D
AT
.A
BS.
III
INT
.N
OM
.PT
.I.3
SG.
‘(T
here
ason
why
)I
amcr
ying
sois
that
the
axe
Ito
okin
orde
rto
cut
fire
woo
dfe
llin
toth
ispo
nd,’
hesa
id.
33de
n,ek
kala
c
kale
geko
ra
c
fum
mal
i.de
nek
kala
ska
lege
kora
sfu
mm
ali
then
one
totim
elo
rdto
pond
jum
ped
AD
VC
AR
DN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
B
TE
MP.
AT
TR
.D
AT
.N
OM
.D
AT
.PT
.II.
3SG
.
The
nth
em
anat
once
jum
ped
into
the
pond
.
34ve
laga
n
˙ daku
n,m
o
˙ loga
n
˙ dak-
aiar
age.
vela
gan
˙ daku
nm
o
˙ loga
n
˙ dak
aiar
age
time
with
api
ece
anax
ew
ithhe
cam
eup
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
CO
NJ
VE
RB
OB
L.
AB
L.I
ND
EF.
OB
L.I
ND
EF.
SOC
.PT
.IV
.3SG
.
Aft
era
little
whi
le,
heca
me
upw
ithan
axe.
87T3 Mo ˙logan ˙da
35er
iko
,m
ıra
nun
o
c
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ da
c .er
iko
mı
ranu
not
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dak
clim
bed
whe
nth
isw
asfr
omgo
ldbe
ing
anax
eV
ER
BN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
N
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.
NO
M.+
FOC
.A
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.
Whe
nhe
cam
eup
,it
was
ago
lden
axe
(lit.
"fro
mgo
ld")
.
36ar
ai,
kefi
,ko
yya,
mı
tau
kalo
gem
o
˙ loga
n
˙ dakı
?ar
aike
fiko
yya
mı
tau
kalo
gem
o
˙ loga
n
˙ dakı
?cl
imbi
nghe
said
boy
this
aski
nglo
rd’s
wha
tan
axe
isV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
ND
PRO
NIP
AR
TC
NO
UN
NO
UN
AB
S.PT
.I.3
SG.
NO
M.V
OC
.PR
ED
.IN
T.
GE
N.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
+FO
C.
Clim
bing
uphe
said
,‘b
oy,
isth
isyo
ur(l
it."t
helo
rd’s
")ax
e?’
37m
iku
dda
be
˙ nafi
,te
akı
tim
age
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ danu
n-au
.m
iku
dda
be
˙ nafi
teak
ıtim
age
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ danu
nau
this
the
child
hesa
idw
hat
this
isse
lf’s
axe
isno
tsa
ying
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
DPR
ON
PRO
NN
OU
NPA
RT
CQ
PAR
TC
AT
TR
.N
OM
.DE
F.PT
.I.3
SG.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
+FO
C.
GE
N.
NO
M.
NE
G.
INT
.
The
child
said
,‘t
his
one
isno
tm
yax
e’.
38be
˙ nim
ei,
mi
gan
˙ dako
reet
era
c
ella
lai
em
ıha
kore
eter
a
c
ene
c
kala
ifu
mm
ali.
be
˙ nim
eim
iga
n
˙ dako
reet
eras
ella
lai
em
ıha
kore
eter
asen
ekka
lai
fum
mal
isa
idw
hen
this
piec
eof
pond
into
thro
win
gth
atth
em
anof
pond
into
anot
her
time
with
jum
ped
VE
RB
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
AD
JN
OU
NC
ON
JV
ER
B
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.G
EN
.D
AT
.A
BS.
IIA
TT
R.
NO
M.D
EF.
GE
N.
DA
T.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.SO
C.
PT.I
I.3S
G.
At
(his
)sa
ying
soth
em
anth
rew
the
thin
gin
toth
epo
nd(a
gain
)an
dju
mpe
din
toth
epo
ndan
othe
rtim
e.
39ve
laga
n
˙ daku
n,ar
age.
vela
gan
˙ daku
nar
age
whi
lew
itha
piec
ehe
clim
bed
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
OB
L.
AB
L.I
ND
EF.
PT.I
V.3
SG.
Aft
era
shor
tw
hile
,he
cam
eup
(aga
in).
88 Texts with interlinear analysis
40ar
aike
fi,
rihi
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ da
c
dakk
afei
,m
ıta
uko
yyag
em
o
˙ loga
n
˙ dakı
?ar
aike
firi
him
o
˙ loga
n
˙ dak
dakk
afei
mı
tau
koyy
age
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dakı
?cl
imbi
nghe
said
silv
eran
axe
show
ing
this
aski
ngof
the
boy
wha
tth
eax
eis
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
DPR
ON
IPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
N
AB
S.PT
.I.3
SG.
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.I
PRE
D.
INT
.G
EN
.DE
F.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.+
FOC
.
Com
ing
uphe
show
eda
silv
erax
ean
dsa
id,
‘is
this
the
boy’
sax
e?’
41de
n,m
iku
dda
be
˙ nafi
,nu
n-au
,te
ma
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ danu
n.de
nm
iku
dda
be
˙ nafi
nun
aute
ma
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ danu
nth
enth
isth
ech
ildsa
idis
not
sayi
ngth
isis
my
axe
isno
tA
DV
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
PAR
TC
QPA
RT
CD
PRO
NPP
RO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BA
LPA
RT
C
TE
MP.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.DE
F.PT
.I.3
SG.
NE
G.
INT
.N
OM
.+FO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.
PRS.
3SG
.
The
nth
ech
ildsa
id,
‘no,
this
isno
tm
yax
e’.
42be
˙ nim
ei,
eka
lege
kora
c
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dael
lala
i,en
e
c
kala
iko
ra
c
fum
mal
i.be
˙ nim
eie
kale
geko
ras
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dael
lala
ien
ekka
lai
kora
sfu
mm
ali
said
whe
nth
atlo
rdto
pond
the
axe
thro
win
gan
othe
rtim
ew
ithto
pond
jum
ped
VE
RB
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
AD
JN
OU
NC
ON
JN
OU
NV
ER
B
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.D
AT
.N
OM
.A
BS.
IIA
TT
R.
OB
L.
SOC
.D
AT
.PT
.II.
3SG
.
At
(his
)sa
ying
so,
that
man
,af
ter
thro
win
gth
eax
ein
toth
epo
nd(a
gain
),ju
mpe
din
toth
epo
ndan
othe
rtim
e.
43ve
lake
˙ daku
n,ar
agen
bai,
daga
ndun
o
c
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ da
c
hifa
gen.
vela
ke
˙ daku
nar
agen
baı
daga
ndun
otm
o
˙ loga
n
˙ dak
hifa
gen
whi
lew
itha
piec
ecl
imbi
ngho
whe
cam
eba
ckw
asfr
omir
onbe
ing
anax
eho
ldin
gN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
B
OB
L.
AB
L.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
AB
L.
PAR
T.P
RS.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.II
I
Aft
era
shor
tw
hile
,he
cam
e(b
ack)
clim
bing
up(a
gain
),ho
ldin
gan
iron
axe.
44as
,ah
anı
mı
tau
tam
o
˙ loga
n
˙ dakı
?as
ahan
ım
ıta
uta
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dakı
?co
min
gw
hat
heas
ksis
this
aski
ngyo
urw
hat
anax
eis
VE
RB
VE
RB
DPR
ON
IPA
RT
CPP
RO
NN
OU
N
AB
S.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.PR
ED
.IN
T.
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
+FO
C.
Com
ing
(for
th),
heas
ks:
‘Is
this
your
axe?
’
89T3 Mo ˙logan ˙da
45be
˙ nim
ei,
mid
ebe
˙ nafi
,ha
u,te
-au
ma
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dakı
.be
˙ nim
eim
ide
be
˙ nafi
haau
teau
ma
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dakı
said
whe
nth
ison
esa
idye
ssa
ying
this
sayi
ngm
yw
hat
anax
eis
VE
RB
NO
UN
DPR
ON
VE
RB
PAR
TC
QPA
RT
CD
PRO
NQ
PAR
TC
PPR
ON
NO
UN
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
NO
M.
PT.I
.3SG
.A
FF.
INT
.PR
ED
.IN
T.
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
+FO
C.
At
(his
)sa
ying
(so)
,(t
hebo
y)sa
id,
‘yes
,th
isin
deed
ism
yax
e’.
46de
n,m
iko
yya
tede
be
˙ nika
ma
c˙ ta
kai
ran
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dai
rihi
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dai
daga
n
˙ dam
o
˙ loga
n
˙ dai
tin
gan
˙ dati
dere
fi.
den
mi
koyy
ate
debe
˙ nika
mas
˙ taka
ira
nm
o
˙ loga
n
˙ daai
rihi
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ daai
daga
n
˙ dam
o
˙ loga
n
˙ daai
tinga
n
˙ dati
dere
fi
then
this
the
boy
true
spok
eto
fact
for
gold
axe
with
silv
erax
ew
ithir
onax
ew
ithth
ree
piec
e-th
ing
hega
veA
DV
DPR
ON
NO
UN
AD
VV
ER
BN
OU
NPO
STP
NO
UN
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
NO
UN
CO
NJ
CA
RD
NO
UN
VE
RB
TE
MP.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.DE
F.M
OD
.PA
RT
.PT
.D
AT
.C
AU
S.O
BL
.N
OM
.SO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.
SOC
.O
BL
.N
OM
.SO
C.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.PT
.I.3
SG.
The
n,as
the
boy
spok
etr
uly,
hega
vehi
mth
ego
lden
axe
and
the
silv
erax
ean
dth
eir
onax
e,al
lth
eth
ree
thin
gs.
47de
n,e
hisa
baka
c ,e
mıh
age
vaha
kani
me
˙ nei.
den
ehi
saba
kas
em
ıhag
eva
haka
nim
e
˙ nei
then
that
toam
ount
that
the
man
’sst
ory
isfi
nish
edA
DV
DPR
ON
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
TE
MP.
AT
TR
.D
AT
.IN
DE
F.A
TT
R.
GE
N.
NO
M.
PT.3
SG.
At
this
poin
t,th
est
ory
ofth
atm
anis
fini
shed
.
48de
n,ek
kala
c
ran
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dai
rihi
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dai
baza
ra
c
gos
vikk
afei
vara
c
baiv
ara
lari
libig
en,
den
ekka
las
ran
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ daai
rihi
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ daai
baza
ras
gos
vikk
afei
vara
sba
ivar
ala
rilib
igen
then
one
totim
ego
ldax
ew
ithsi
lver
axe
with
tom
arke
tgo
ing
havi
ngso
ldve
rylo
tsla
rıs
rece
ivin
gA
DV
CA
RD
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
AD
VN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
B
TE
MP.
AT
TR
.D
AT
.O
BL
.N
OM
.SO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.
SOC
.D
AT
.A
BS.
AB
S.I
MO
D.
OB
L.
NO
M.
AB
S.II
I
The
n,on
ceha
ving
gone
toth
em
arke
t,ha
ving
sold
the
gold
enax
ean
dth
esi
lver
axe
and
havi
ngga
ined
agr
eat
lot
ofla
rıs,
48a
koyy
age
amai
koyy
aide
veri
nve
n
˙ denı
vara
c
tana
vas
ko
c
mus
sant
iko
s-au
.ko
yyag
eam
aai
koyy
aai
deve
rin
ven
˙ denı
vara
sta
nava
sko
sm
ussa
nti
kos
auth
ebo
y’s
mot
her
with
the
boy
with
two
peop
leho
wth
eyliv
edw
asve
ryri
chm
akin
gri
chm
akin
gth
eysa
yN
OU
NN
OU
NC
ON
JN
OU
NC
ON
JC
AR
DN
OU
NV
ER
BA
DV
AD
JV
ER
BA
DJ
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
GE
N.
OB
L.D
EF.
SOC
.O
BL
.DE
F.SO
C.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.M
OD
.PR
ED
.A
BS.
PRE
D.
AB
S.E
XT
.
the
boy’
sm
othe
ran
dth
ebo
yliv
edto
geth
er,
as(p
eopl
e)sa
y,be
ing
very
very
rich
.
90 Texts with interlinear analysis
49e
c
duva
haki
,e
geka
veri
ehi
sie
hen
geak
im
ıha
c
ege
ueb
ege.
eddu
vaha
kie
geka
veri
ehi
sie
hen
geak
im
ıhak
ege
aseb
ege
one
ina
day
that
ofho
use
near
bein
gth
atso
rtof
aho
use
am
anth
atto
hous
ew
ent
CA
RD
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
AT
TR
.L
OC
.IN
DE
F.A
TT
R.
GE
N.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.G
EN
.IN
DE
F.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.A
TT
R.
DA
T.
PT.3
SG.
One
day,
am
anfr
oman
othe
rho
use
whi
chw
asne
arby
thei
rho
use,
cam
eto
thei
rho
use.
50go
s,ah
afi,
dait
a-u,
tafi
nna
c
teva
ra
c
lari
libe
˙ nei
kehe
naka
c
tau?
gos
ahaf
ida
itaau
tafi
nnas
teva
ras
lari
libe
˙ neı
kehe
naka
sta
u?go
ing
heas
ked
lady
sayi
ngto
you
this
man
yla
rıs
that
wer
ere
ceiv
edis
whi
chto
aw
ayas
king
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
CPP
RO
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BIP
RO
NN
OU
NIP
AR
TC
AB
S.PT
.I.3
SG.
NO
M.
INT
.D
AT
.PL
.A
TT
R.
DA
T.
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.A
TT
R.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
INT
.
Com
ing
ther
e,he
aske
d,‘d
ear
old
lady
inw
hich
way
did
you
(man
age
to)
rece
ive
som
any
ları
s?’
51ko
yya
be
˙ na,
tede
bahu
gem
atta
c ,ko
yya
be
˙ nate
deba
huge
mat
tas
the
boy
sayi
ngtr
ueof
spee
chup
onN
OU
NV
ER
BA
DJ
NO
UN
NO
UN
OB
L.D
EF.
AB
S.A
TT
R.
GE
N.
DA
T.
The
boy,
spea
king
trul
y(a
gain
)—
51a
—ko
yyak
ıte
deha
daku
daka
c
vehe
dı—
koyy
akı
tede
hada
kuda
kas
vehe
dıw
hat
the
boy
isho
nest
lym
akin
gto
abo
ybe
com
ing
mad
eN
OU
NA
DJ
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
M.S
G.D
EF.
+IN
DE
F.FO
C.
PRE
D.
PAR
T.P
RS.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.PA
RT
.PT
.
—th
ebo
yw
assu
chth
athe
was
anho
nest
boy
inde
ed—
,
51b
koyy
abe
˙ nafi
,ti
ma
eddu
vahi
dara
kosa
c
vege
n,ko
reas
seri
a
c
gos,
dara
kosa
c
geha
uar
agen
hing
ave
lei,
koyy
abe
˙ nafi
tima
ekdu
vahi
dara
kosa
sve
gen
kore
asse
rias
gos
dara
kosa
sge
has
arag
enhi
nga
vele
ith
ebo
ysa
idse
lfon
eon
day
fire
woo
dto
cut
beco
min
gof
pond
tosh
ore
goin
gfi
rew
ood
tocu
tto
tree
clim
bing
goin
gw
hile
NO
UN
VE
RB
PRO
NC
AR
DN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
N
NO
M.D
EF.
PT.I
.3SG
.O
BL
.A
TT
R.
LO
C.
NO
M.
INF.
AB
S.II
IG
EN
.D
AT
.A
BS.
NO
M.
INF.
DA
T.
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PR
S.L
OC
.
the
boy
said
,‘o
neda
yI
wen
tof
fin
orde
rto
cut
fire
woo
d;I
arri
ved
near
byth
esh
ore
ofa
pond
,an
dw
hen
Iha
dcl
imbe
dup
atr
eeto
cut
fire
woo
d,
91T3 Mo ˙logan ˙da
51c
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dako
reet
era
c
inge
-au.
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dako
reet
eras
inge
auax
eof
pond
into
fell
sayi
ngN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
M.
GE
N.
DA
T.
PT.I
V.3
SG.
INT
.
(my)
axe
fell
into
the
pond
.
52de
n,ti
ma
eka
mai
dere
vege
nhi
sive
lei,
kore
eter
uner
im
ıhak
assu
ala
koff
i-au
,de
ntim
ae
kam
aide
reve
gen
hisi
vele
iko
reet
erun
eri
mıh
aku
assu
ala
kosf
iau
then
self
that
fact
with
sad
beco
min
gbe
ing
whi
leof
pond
from
insi
decl
imbe
da
man
com
ing
ques
tion
mad
esa
ying
AD
VPR
ON
DPR
ON
NO
UN
CO
NJ
AD
JV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
TE
MP.
OB
L.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.SO
C.
PRE
D.
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PR
S.L
OC
.G
EN
.A
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.O
BL
.IN
DE
F.A
BS.
NO
M.
PT.I
.3SG
.IN
T.
The
nw
hen
Iw
asst
andi
ngth
ere
bein
gsa
dab
out
this
,a
man
cam
eup
from
insi
deth
epo
ndan
das
ked
me,
52a
koi
gova
nıki
anve
gen
tau?
koi
gova
nıki
anve
gen
tau?
boy
that
you
are
cryi
ngis
why
beco
min
gas
king
NO
UN
VE
RB
IPR
ON
VE
RB
IPA
RT
C
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
AB
L.
AB
S.II
IIN
T.
‘Boy
,w
hyar
eyo
ucr
ying
?’
53ko
ibe
˙ ni-a
u,ti
ma
gova
nı,
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dako
ra
c
inge
n-au
.ko
ibe
˙ niau
tima
gova
nım
o
˙ loga
n
˙ dako
ras
inge
nau
boy
said
sayi
ngse
lfth
atI
amcr
ying
isax
eto
pond
havi
ngfa
llen
sayi
ngN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PRO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
M.
PT.3
SG.
INT
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.N
OM
.D
AT
.A
BS.
III
INT
.
I(l
it."t
hebo
y")
said
,‘I
amcr
ying
beca
use
my
axe
has
falle
nin
toth
epo
nd.’
54go
ssei
,be
˙ nim
ei,
mia
kore
a
˙ dia
c
goss
ei,
aıra
nm
o
˙ loga
n
˙ daka
ige
n-au
.go
sfei
be
˙ nim
eim
iako
rea
˙ dias
gosf
eiaı
ran
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dak
aige
n-a
uha
ving
gone
said
whe
nth
ison
eof
pond
tobo
ttom
havi
nggo
neho
whe
cam
ew
asgo
ldan
axe
with
brin
ging
sayi
ngV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NC
ON
JV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.I
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
OB
L.
GE
N.
DA
T.
AB
S.I
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.O
BL
.O
BL
.IN
DE
F.SO
C.
AB
S.IN
T.
‘Hav
ing
gone
away
afte
r(m
yha
ving
)sp
oken
(lik
eth
is),
this
man
,ha
ving
dive
d(l
it."g
one"
)to
the
botto
mof
the
pond
,ca
me
back
carr
ying
ago
lden
axe,
’he
said
.
92 Texts with interlinear analysis
55as
mia
ehıa
u,m
ıta
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ data
u?as
mia
ehı
-au
mı
tam
o
˙ loga
n
˙ data
u?co
min
gth
ison
ew
hat
heas
ked
was
sayi
ngw
hat
this
isyo
urax
eas
king
VE
RB
DPR
ON
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CD
PRO
NPP
RO
NN
OU
NIP
AR
TC
AB
S.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
INT
.N
OM
.+FO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.
INT
.
‘Com
ing
back
,(t
hem
an)
aske
d,"i
sth
isyo
urax
e?"’
56ti
ma
tede
bahu
nbe
˙ nafi
m-a
u,nu
n-au
,m
ım
am
o
˙ loga
n
˙ danu
n-au
.tim
ate
deba
hun
be
˙ nafi
mau
nun
aum
ım
am
o
˙ loga
n
˙ danu
nau
self
hone
stw
ithsp
eech
Isa
idsa
ying
nosa
ying
wha
tth
isis
my
axe
isno
tsa
ying
PRO
NA
DJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPA
RT
CQ
PAR
TC
DPR
ON
PPR
ON
NO
UN
PAR
TC
QPA
RT
C
NO
M.
AT
TR
.A
BL
.PT
.I.1
SG.
INT
.N
EG
.IN
T.
NO
M.+
FOC
.O
BL
.N
OM
.N
EG
.IN
T.
‘Mys
elf,
Isa
idw
ithho
nest
spee
ch,
"no,
this
isno
tm
yax
e".’
57be
˙ nim
ei,
ene
c
kala
iko
ra
c
fum
mal
i-au
.be
˙ nim
eien
ekka
lai
kora
sfu
mm
ali
ausa
idw
hen
anot
her
time
with
topo
ndhe
jum
ped
sayi
ngV
ER
BN
OU
NPR
ON
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.SO
C.
DA
T.
PT.I
I.3S
G.
INT
.
‘At
(my)
sayi
ngso
,he
jum
ped
into
the
pond
anot
her
time’
,he
said
.
58go
ssei
,na
gen
bai-
auri
him
o
˙ loga
n
˙ da
c .go
sfei
nage
nba
ıau
rihi
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dak
havi
nggo
nelif
ting
how
heca
me
back
was
sayi
ngsi
lver
axe
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
N
AB
S.A
BS.
III
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.IN
T.
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
‘Hav
ing
gone
(the
re),
heca
me
back
carr
ying
asi
lver
axe.
’
59as
ehı-
au,
mı
tam
o
˙ loga
n
˙ data
u?as
ehı
aum
ıta
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ data
u?co
min
ghe
aske
dsa
ying
wha
tth
isis
your
axe
aski
ngV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
DPR
ON
PPR
ON
NO
UN
IPA
RT
C
AB
S.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
INT
.N
OM
.+FO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.
INT
.
‘Com
ing
back
heas
ked,
"is
this
your
axe?
"’
93T3 Mo ˙logan ˙da
60ti
ma
be
˙ nim
-au,
nun-
au,
tem
am
o
˙ loga
n
˙ danu
n-au
.tim
abe
˙ nim
aunu
nau
tem
am
o
˙ loga
n
˙ danu
nau
self
Isa
idsa
ying
isno
tsa
ying
wha
tth
isis
my
axe
isno
tsa
ying
PRO
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PAR
TC
.Q
PAR
TC
DPR
ON
PPR
ON
NO
UN
PAR
TC
QPA
RT
C
NO
M.
PT.1
SG.
INT
.N
EG
.IN
T.
NO
M.+
FOC
.O
BL
.N
OM
.N
EG
.IN
T.
‘Isa
id,
"no,
this
isno
tm
yax
e".’
61de
n,en
e
c
kal-
ai-a
s,e
kora
c
fum
mal
i-au
.de
nen
ekka
lai
ase
kora
sfu
mm
ali
auth
enan
othe
rtim
ew
ithye
tth
atto
pond
heju
mpe
dsa
ying
AD
VPR
ON
NO
UN
CO
NJ
CO
NJ
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
TE
MP.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.SO
C.
MO
D.
AT
TR
.D
AT
.PT
.II.
3SG
.IN
T.
‘The
n,he
jum
ped
into
that
pond
yet
anot
her
time,
’he
said
.
62fu
mm
alai
,na
gen
aıda
gan
˙ dam
o
˙ loga
n
˙ dak-
au.
fum
mal
aina
gen
aıda
gan
˙ dam
o
˙ loga
n
˙ dak
auju
mpi
nglif
ting
how
heca
me
was
iron
anax
esa
ying
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.II
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INT
.
‘Hav
ing
jum
ped
(the
re),
heca
me
back
carr
ying
anir
onax
e,’
hesa
id.
63de
nea
ehı-
au,
mı
tam
o
˙ loga
n
˙ data
u?de
nea
ehı
aum
ıta
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ data
u?th
enth
aton
ew
hat
heas
ked
was
sayi
ngw
hat
this
isyo
urax
eas
king
AD
VD
PRO
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
DPR
ON
PPR
ON
NO
UN
IPA
RT
C
TE
MP.
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.IN
T.
NO
M.+
FOC
.O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
T.
‘The
nhe
aske
d,"i
sth
isyo
urax
e?"’
64ti
ma
be
˙ nim
-au,
hau,
tem
am
o
˙ loga
n
˙ da.
tima
be
˙ nim
auha
-au
tem
am
o
˙ loga
n
˙ dase
lfI
said
sayi
ngye
ssa
ying
wha
tth
isis
my
axe
PRO
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PAR
TC
QPA
RT
CD
PRO
NPP
RO
NN
OU
N
NO
M.
PT.1
SG.
INT
.A
FF.
INT
.N
OM
.+FO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.
‘Isa
id,
"yes
,th
isis
my
axe"
.’
94 Texts with interlinear analysis
65be
˙ nim
ei,
tim
ate
deha
dam
ıhak
ave
gos
ran
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ d-ai
rihi
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ d-ai
tim
a
c
dere
fi-a
u.be
˙ nim
eitim
ate
deha
dam
ıhak
ave
gos
ran
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ daai
rihi
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ daai
timas
dere
fiau
said
whe
nse
lfho
nest
actin
ga
man
havi
ngbe
com
ego
ldax
ean
dsi
lver
axe
and
tose
lfhe
gave
sayi
ngV
ER
BN
OU
NPR
ON
AD
JV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NC
ON
JN
OU
NN
OU
NC
ON
JPR
ON
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
OB
L.
PRE
D.
PAR
T.P
RS.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.IV
OB
L.
NO
M.
SOC
.O
BL
.N
OM
.SO
C.
DA
T.
PT.I
.3SG
.IN
T.
‘Aft
er(m
y)sa
ying
(so)
,he
gave
me
the
gold
enax
ean
dth
esi
lver
axe
beca
use
Iha
d(p
rove
d)to
bean
hone
stm
an,’
hesa
id.
66e
tin
gan
˙ dadi
nm
ei,
gina
sea
baza
ra
c
vikk
afei
-au,
mi
mus
sant
ive
gen
mi
ven
˙ denı
.e
tinga
n
˙ dadi
nm
eigi
nas
eaba
zara
svi
kkaf
eiau
mi
mus
sant
ive
gen
mi
ven
˙ denı
thos
eth
ree
piec
egi
ven
whe
nta
king
thos
eto
mar
ket
selli
ngsa
ying
now
rich
havi
ngbe
com
eno
war
eliv
ing
DPR
ON
CA
RD
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CA
DV
AD
JV
ER
BA
DV
VE
RB
AT
TR
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
AB
S.N
OM
.D
AT
.A
BS.
IIN
T.
TE
MP.
PRE
D.
AB
S.II
IT
EM
P.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.
‘Aft
erhe
had
give
n(m
e)th
ose
thre
eth
ings
,I
took
them
toth
em
arke
tan
dso
ldth
em,
(and
this
isw
hy)
we
are
livin
g(s
o)ri
chno
w,’
hesa
id.
67de
n,m
im
ıha
geg
gos
eage
hisi
evva
ra
c
kuda
ka
c
ekeh
ebe
˙ ni-a
u,de
nm
im
ıha
geas
gos
eage
hisi
ekva
ras
kuda
kas
ekeh
ebe
˙ niau
then
this
the
man
toho
me
goin
gth
ison
e’s
bein
gon
eto
size
toa
child
with
hesa
idsa
ying
AD
VD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BD
PRO
NV
ER
BC
AR
DN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
TE
MP.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.DE
F.D
AT
.A
BS.
GE
N.
PAR
T.P
T.
AT
TR
.D
AT
.D
AT
.IN
DE
F.L
OC
.PT
.3SG
.IN
T.
The
nth
ism
an,
havi
nggo
neho
me
(aga
in),
told
(the
stor
y)to
ach
ildof
his
(whi
chw
as)
ofth
esa
me
size
:
67a
koyy
a-u,
mi
veri
nm
ussa
nti
vege
nhi
ngan
ım
ile
kas-
au.
koyy
aau
mi
veri
nm
ussa
nti
vege
nhi
ngan
ım
ile
kas
aubo
ysa
ying
thes
epe
ople
rich
beco
min
gth
atth
eyar
ego
ing
isth
isto
way
sayi
ngN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
DPR
ON
NO
UN
AD
JV
ER
BV
ER
BD
PRO
NN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
NO
M.
INT
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.P
L.
PRE
D.
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.A
TT
R.
DA
T.
INT
.
‘Boy
,th
isis
the
way
how
thes
epe
ople
have
beco
me
rich
.’
68be
˙ nage
n,m
iko
yya
fahi
duva
him
o
˙ loga
n
˙ da
c
hifa
gen
gos
ege
hau
arag
e.be
˙ nage
nm
iko
yya
fahi
duva
him
o
˙ loga
n
˙ dak
hifa
gen
gos
ege
has
arag
esa
ying
this
the
boy
next
onda
yan
axe
gras
ping
goin
gth
atto
the
tree
hecl
imbe
dup
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
AB
S.II
IA
TT
R.
NO
M.D
EF.
GE
N.
LO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
AT
TR
.D
AT
.DE
F.PT
.IV
.3SG
.
Aft
er(h
is)
havi
ngsa
id(s
o),
this
boy
gras
ped
anax
eth
ene
xtda
y,w
ent
off
and
clim
bed
upth
attr
ee.
95T3 Mo ˙logan ˙da
69ar
ai,
mi
hedi
leka
kı,
kan
˙ da
c
jehu
mak
aini
lai
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dako
ra
c
va
˙ t
˙ tali.
arai
mi
hedi
leka
kıka
n
˙ das
jehu
mak
aini
lai
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dako
ras
va
˙ t˙ tali
clim
bing
now
done
am
anne
rw
asto
cut
ast
roke
with
not
usin
gax
eto
pond
hedr
oppe
dV
ER
BA
DV
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
CO
NJ
PAR
TC
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
AB
S.T
EM
P.PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.+
FOC
.IN
F.O
BL
.IN
DE
F.SO
C.
NE
G.
AB
S.N
OM
.D
AT
.PT
.II.
3SG
.
Hav
ing
clim
bed
up,
hedr
oppe
dth
eax
ein
toth
epo
ndw
ithou
tdo
ing
one
stro
kefo
rcu
tting
even
.
70de
n,ge
hain
eri,
mia
hisı
gova
s-au
.de
nge
hain
eri
mia
hisı
gova
sau
then
from
the
tree
clim
bing
this
one
how
hest
ood
was
tocr
ysa
ying
AD
VN
OU
NV
ER
BD
PRO
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
TE
MP.
AB
L.D
EF.
AB
S.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
INF.
INT
.
The
n,ha
ving
clim
bed
dow
n(f
rom
)th
etr
ee(a
gain
),he
stoo
d(t
here
)cr
ying
.
71hi
sive
lei,
ekka
la
c
mıh
ako
run
arag
e-au
.hi
sive
lei
ekka
las
mıh
ako
run
arag
eau
stan
ding
whi
leon
eto
time
the
man
from
pond
hecl
imbe
dth
eysa
yV
ER
BN
OU
NC
AR
DN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
AT
TR
.D
AT
.N
OM
.DE
F.A
BL
.PT
.IV
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Whi
lehe
was
stan
ding
(the
relik
eth
is),
the
man
cam
eup
from
the
pond
once
(aga
in).
72ar
aisu
ala
ke
˙ d-au
,ta
gova
nıki
anve
gen
tau?
arai
sual
ake
˙ deau
tago
vanı
kian
vege
nta
u?cl
imbi
ngqu
estio
nhe
mad
esa
ying
you
why
are
cryi
ngis
why
beco
min
gas
king
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPP
RO
NV
ER
BIP
RO
NV
ER
BIP
AR
TC
AB
S.N
OM
.PT
.3SG
.IN
T.
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
AB
L.
AB
S.II
IIN
T.
Com
ing
uphe
aske
d,‘w
hyar
eyo
ucr
ying
?’
73m
ago
vanı
,m
ada
rako
sa
c
gina
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dam
iko
rea
˙ die
inge
n.m
ago
vanı
ma
dara
kosa
sgi
nam
o
˙ loga
n
˙ dam
iko
rea
˙ die
inge
n;I
why
amcr
ying
isI
fire
woo
dto
cut
take
nax
eth
isof
pond
onbo
ttom
falli
ngPP
RO
NV
ER
BPP
RO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
B
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.
INF.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
AT
TR
.G
EN
.L
OC
.A
BS.
III
‘Iam
cryi
ngbe
caus
eth
eax
eI
had
take
nfo
rcu
tting
fire
woo
dfe
llon
the
botto
mof
this
pond
.’
96 Texts with interlinear analysis
74e
hen
vege
n-au
,ti
ma
gova
nı.
ehe
nve
gen
autim
ago
vanı
that
sort
beco
min
gsa
ying
self
why
Iam
cryi
ngis
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPR
ON
VE
RB
AT
TR
.O
BL
.A
BS.
III
INT
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.
‘Thi
sis
why
Iam
cryi
ng’,
hesa
id.
75de
n,e
mıh
afu
mm
alai
gos,
bai-
au,
ran
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dahi
fage
n.de
ne
mıh
afu
mm
alai
gos
baı
aura
nm
o
˙ loga
n
˙ dahi
fage
nth
enth
atth
em
anju
mpi
nggo
ing
how
heca
me
back
was
sayi
nggo
ldax
eho
ldin
gA
DV
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BT
EM
P.A
TT
R.
OB
L.D
EF.
AB
S.II
AB
S.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
INT
.O
BL
.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
The
nth
atm
an,
havi
ngju
mpe
d(i
nto
the
pond
),ca
me
back
hold
ing
ago
lden
axe.
76as
,eh
i-au
,m
ıta
uta
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dakı
?as
ehi
aum
ıta
uta
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dakı
?co
min
ghe
aske
dsa
ying
this
aski
ngyo
uran
axe
isV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
DPR
ON
IPA
RT
CPP
RO
NN
OU
NA
BS.
PT.3
SG.
INT
.N
OM
.IN
T.
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
+FO
C.
Com
ing
back
heas
ked,
‘is
this
your
axe?
’
77de
n,m
iku
dda
be˙ ni
-au,
hau,
tem
am
o˙ lo
gan
˙ da.
den
mi
kudd
abe
˙ niau
haau
tem
am
o˙ lo
gan
˙ dath
enth
isth
ech
ildsa
idsa
ying
yes
sayi
ngth
isis
my
axe
AD
VD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PAR
TC
QPA
RT
CD
PRO
NPP
RO
NN
OU
NT
EM
P.A
TT
R.
NO
M.D
EF.
PT.3
SG.
INT
.A
FF.
INT
.N
OM
.+FO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.
The
nth
ech
ildsa
id:
‘Yes
,th
isis
my
axe.
’
78be
˙ nim
ei,
mia
ri
˙ diar
agen
,m
o
˙ loga
n
˙ dako
ra
c
ella
lai
mi
kora
c
fum
mal
i-au
.be
˙ nim
eim
iari
˙ diar
agen
mo
˙ loga
n
˙ dako
ras
ella
lai
mi
kora
sfu
mm
ali
ausa
idw
hen
this
one
angr
ycl
imbi
ngax
eto
pond
thro
win
gth
isto
pond
jum
ped
they
say
VE
RB
NO
UN
DPR
ON
AD
JV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
OB
L.
PRE
D.
AB
S.II
IN
OM
.D
AT
.A
BS.
IIA
TT
R.
DA
T.
PT.I
I.3S
G.
INT
.
At
(his
)sa
ying
so,
the
(man
),ge
tting
angr
y,hu
rled
the
axe
into
the
pond
and
jum
ped
into
the
pond
(aga
in).
79m
ıdo
goha
dam
ıhun
na
c
libe
nati
ja-u
.m
ıdo
goha
dam
ıhun
nas
libe
natij
aau
this
islie
mak
ing
tope
ople
bein
gre
ceiv
edre
sult
they
say
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
CN
OM
.+FO
C.
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
RS.
DA
T.P
L.
PAR
T.P
RS.
NO
M.
EX
T.
Thi
sis
the
resu
ltth
atpe
ople
get
from
telli
nglie
s.
T4: Be ˙lal
The cat
Fua
c
Mulaku: Adnan Ibrahım
98 Texts with interlinear analysis
1ed
duva
heki
,ed
duva
heki
,M
elia
geD
iage
indo
lein
duve
lai
dom
baum
kele
c
ve
˙ t
˙ tıge
.ek
duva
heki
ekdu
vahe
kiM
elia
geD
iage
indo
lein
duve
lai
dom
baum
kele
kve
˙ t˙ tıge
one
ona
day
one
ona
day
ofM
.(-h
ouse
)da
ught
erof
hous
eon
swin
gbe
dsi
tting
attim
ea
brea
dfr
uit
fell
CA
RD
NO
UN
CA
RD
NO
UN
PNPN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
AT
TR
.L
OC
.IN
DE
F.A
TT
R.
LO
C.I
ND
EF.
GE
N.
OB
L.
GE
N.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PT.I
V.3
SG.
One
day,
one
day,
whe
nM
.D.
was
sitti
ngon
the
swin
gbe
dof
(her
)ho
use,
ari
pebr
eadf
ruit
fell
(upo
nit)
.
2de
n,m
iago
ho,
mi
baum
kel
naga
gen
goho
,m
asag
enga
sali-
ai.
den
mia
goho
mi
baum
kel
naga
gen
goho
mas
agen
gasa
liai
then
this
one
goin
gth
isbr
ead
frui
tlif
ting
goin
gpe
elin
gsh
eco
oked
they
say
AD
VD
PRO
NV
ER
BD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
TE
MP.
NO
M.
AB
S.A
TT
R.
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
AB
S.II
IPT
.II.
3SG
.E
XT
.
The
nsh
ew
ent,
took
upth
ebr
ead
frui
t,pe
eled
itan
dco
oked
it(i
nsy
rup)
.
3ga
safe
bahi
suva
,ko
mm
iaki
-sm
iabe
raha
nuku
meg
eneb
age-
ai.
gasa
feba
hisu
vako
mm
iaki
asm
iabe
raha
nuku
meg
eneb
age
aiha
ving
cook
edhi
ther
plac
ing
inw
hich
way
ever
this
one
toou
tsid
ele
avin
gsh
ew
ent
they
say
VE
RB
AD
VV
ER
BIP
RO
NPA
RT
CD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.I
LO
C.
AB
S.L
OC
.IN
DE
F.M
OD
.N
OM
.D
AT
.A
BS.
III
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
Aft
erco
okin
git
and
putti
ngit
asid
e,sh
efo
rso
me
reas
onor
anot
her
wen
tou
tsid
e.
4go
hofe
aho,
belı
kal,
ebag
emm
a,be
˙ lala
kum
ihe
dılik
ıgo
ho,
mi
kafi
.go
hofe
aho
belı
kal
ebag
enm
abe
˙ lala
kum
ihe
dılik
ıgo
hom
ika
fiha
ving
gone
com
ing
look
edtim
ego
ing
away
whe
na
cat
now
done
man
ner
was
goin
gth
isit
ate
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
AD
VV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BD
PRO
NV
ER
B
AB
S.I
AB
S.PA
RT
.PT
.O
BL
.O
BL
.L
OC
.O
BL
.IN
DE
F.T
EM
P.PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.+FO
C.
AB
S.N
OM
.PT
.I.3
SG.
Com
ing
(bac
k)af
ter
goin
gou
t,sh
elo
oked
arou
nd(a
ndre
alis
ed:)
whe
nsh
eha
dgo
ne,
aca
tha
dco
me
and
eate
nit.
5ka
fe,
vend
efe,
mi
onna
ıfi
sidu
ne.
kafe
vend
efe
mi
onna
ıfi
sidu
neha
ving
eate
nha
ving
ente
red
now
whe
resh
ew
asw
asch
imne
yV
ER
BV
ER
BA
DV
VE
RB
NO
UN
AB
S.I
AB
S.I
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
LO
C.
Aft
erea
ting
(it)
,sh
eha
den
tere
dth
ech
imne
yw
here
she
still
was
.
99T4 Be ˙lal
6m
ihe
no
c
vela
i,M
elia
geD
iage
sagı
ge-a
i.m
ihe
not
vela
iM
elia
geD
iage
sagı
geai
this
way
bein
gat
time
ofM
.da
ught
erto
hous
esh
eha
ppen
edto
goth
eysa
yD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NPN
PNN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.L
OC
.G
EN
.N
OM
.D
AT
.PT
.IV
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Just
whe
nsh
ew
asth
ere,
M.D
.ha
ppen
edto
get
(bac
k)in
to(h
er)
hous
e.
7ge
sagı
gen,
bala
lika
l,m
iba
umke
le
kafe
-ai
mi
hısi
.ge
sagı
gen
bala
lika
lm
iba
umke
lea
kafe
aim
ihı
sito
hous
eha
ving
happ
ened
togo
look
edar
ound
time
this
brea
dfr
uit
that
one
eate
nth
eysa
yno
ww
asw
hat
itw
asN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
ND
PRO
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AD
VV
ER
B
DA
T.
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PT
.II
OB
L.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.O
BL
.A
BS.
IE
XT
.T
EM
P.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
Hav
ing
happ
ened
toge
tto
(her
)ho
use,
she
look
edar
ound
tose
ew
here
this
brea
dfru
itw
hich
had
been
eate
nby
that
(cat
)w
as.
8de
nm
iahu
vam
unhu
vam
un¯e
vela
i,be
˙ lalu
fisi
dune
o
c
vela
ife
nıge
-ai.
den
mia
huva
mun
huva
mun
¯eve
lai
be
˙ lalu
fisi
dune
otve
lai
fenı
geai
then
this
one
sear
chin
gse
arch
ing
goin
gat
time
cat
inch
imne
ybe
ing
attim
eit
appe
ared
they
say
AD
VD
PRO
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
TE
MP.
OB
L.
DG
RN
D.
DG
RN
D.
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
OB
L.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
PT.I
V.3
SG.
EX
T.
Whe
nsh
ew
ent
arou
ndse
arch
ing
and
sear
chin
g,th
eca
tap
pear
edin
the
chim
ney
whe
reit
was
.
9fe
nunu
mm
am
ihe
dılik
ı,ba
umke
lga
safe
hısi
hado
(nuv
ata
tava
)e
naga
fe.
fenu
nun
ma
mi
hedı
likı
baum
kel
gasa
fehı
siha
donu
vata
tava
ena
gafe
appe
arin
gw
hen
now
done
way
was
brea
dfr
uit
cook
ing
bein
gcl
aypo
tor
pan
that
she
lifte
dV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NA
DV
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
DPR
ON
VE
RB
OB
L.
LO
C.
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.+
FOC
.N
OM
.A
BS.
IPA
RT
.PR
S.N
OM
.M
OD
.N
OM
.N
OM
.A
BS.
I
Whe
n(t
heca
t)ap
pear
ed,
(M.D
.)gr
aspe
dth
ecl
aypo
tor
the
fryi
ngpa
nsh
eha
dus
edfo
rco
okin
gth
ebr
eadf
ruit.
10el
lum
ma
goho
,be
˙ lalu
bole
jehı
fe,
ege
ful
ve
˙ t
˙ tıge
ngo
ho,
be
˙ lalu
kari
dera
˙ negg
ego
tee
gan
˙ doe
˙ dıge
-ai.
ellu
nm
ago
hobe
˙ lalu
bole
jehı
feeg
efu
lve
˙ t˙ tıge
ngo
hobe
˙ lalu
kari
dera
˙ negg
ego
tee
gan
˙ doe
˙ dıge
aihu
rlin
gw
hen
goin
gca
tat
head
hitti
ngth
aton
e’s
botto
mfa
lling
goin
gca
tne
ckof
ari
ngin
way
that
piec
ego
tfi
xed
they
say
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
OB
L.
LO
C.
AB
S.O
BL
.L
OC
.A
BS.
IG
EN
.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
AB
S.O
BL
.L
OC
.G
EN
.IN
DE
F.(M
!)L
OC
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.
PT.I
V.3
SG.
EX
T.
She
hurl
edit
(at
the
cat)
,an
dw
hen
ithi
tth
eca
t’s
head
,its
botto
mfe
llof
f,an
dlik
ea
ring
that
part
got
fixe
dto
the
neck
ofth
eca
t.
100 Texts with interlinear analysis
11e
˙ dunu
mm
a,be
˙ lalu
duva
gat-
ai.
e
˙ dunu
nm
abe
˙ lalu
duva
gat
aifi
whe
nca
tst
arte
dru
nnin
gth
eysa
yV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
NO
M.
PT.I
II.3
SG.
EX
T.
Just
whe
nit
got
fixe
dlik
eth
is,
the
cat
star
ted
runn
ing
away
.
12du
ve¯e
vela
i,la
igat
ı,em
me
fera
tam
asa
haul
akk-
a.du
ve¯e
vela
ila
igat
ıem
me
fera
tam
asa
haul
aka
runn
ing
goin
gat
time
the
one
she
met
was
ofal
lat
firs
ta
cock
with
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NC
ON
J
AB
S.PA
RT
.PR
S.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PT
.III
+FO
C.
AT
TR
.D
AT
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.SO
C.
Whi
lesh
ew
asru
nnin
gar
ound
,th
efi
rst
one
she
met
with
was
aco
ck.
13la
igin
ıfe,
haul
uek
ahi
be
˙ ni-a
i,ha
ul-a
u,ti
mai
ekı
hajj
aha
nien
nen
tai?
laig
inıf
eha
ulu
ekah
ibe
˙ niai
haul
autim
aiek
ıha
jjaha
nien
nen
tai?
havi
ngm
etco
ckto
geth
erw
ithit
said
they
say
cock
sayi
ngse
lfw
ithto
˙ hagg
not
will
goas
king
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
(A!)
PRO
NC
AR
DN
OU
NPA
RT
CV
ER
BIP
AR
TC
AB
S.II
I+I
OB
L.
LO
C.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
NO
M.V
OC
.IN
T.
OB
L.
LO
C.
DA
T.
NE
G.
FUT
.2SG
.IN
T.
Mee
ting
him
,sh
eas
ked
the
cock
,‘c
ock,
will
you
not
goon
aha
jjto
geth
erw
ithm
e?’
14be
˙ naha
ulu
be
˙ ni-a
i,la
-ila
-illa
-lla
hta
tim
aka
fenn
en-a
i.be
˙ naha
ulu
be
˙ niai
la-i
la-i
lla-l
lah
tatim
aka
fenn
enai
sayi
ngco
ckhe
said
they
say
=yo
use
lfw
illde
fini
tely
eat
sayi
ngV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
INT
JPP
RO
NPR
ON
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.N
OM
.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.N
OM
.N
OM
.FU
T.I
.2SG
.IN
T.
(At
her)
sayi
ng(s
o),
the
cock
said
,‘t
here
isno
God
but
God
,yo
uw
illde
fini
tely
eat
me
(at
the
end)
.’
15be
˙ nabe
˙ ni-a
i,he
uni
venn
en-a
i,ti
hen
be
˙ nann
a.be
˙ nabe
˙ niai
heu
nive
nnen
aiti
hen
be
˙ nann
asa
ying
she
said
they
say
good
not
itw
illbe
sayi
ngth
isw
ayto
say
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CA
DJ
PAR
TC
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
B
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.PR
ED
.N
EG
.FU
T.3
SG.
INT
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
INF.
(At
his)
sayi
ng(s
o),
(the
cat)
said
,‘i
tw
illno
tbe
righ
tto
spea
kin
this
way
.’
101T4 Be ˙lal
16ta
sani
fene
nta
i,ti
ma
kari
o
c
tasb
ıha.
tasa
nife
nen
tai
tima
kari
otta
sbıh
ato
you
not
isvi
sibl
eas
king
self
onne
ckbe
ing
rosa
ryPP
RO
NPA
RT
CV
ER
BIP
AR
TC
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
N
DA
T.
NE
G.
PRS.
3SG
.IN
T.
OB
L.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.
‘Can
’tyo
use
eit,
the
rosa
ryth
atis
onm
yne
ck?’
17ti
ma
nika
nna-
ve,
hing
anna
keti
ma
ekı.
tima
nika
nna
eve
hing
anna
ketim
aek
ıse
lfno
tto
eat
sayi
ngto
gosa
ying
self
with
PRO
NPA
RT
CV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
(M!)
VE
RB
VE
RB
PRO
NC
AR
D
NO
M.
NE
G.
INF.
INT
.IN
F.A
BS.
OB
L.
LO
C.
(With
the
wor
ds,)
‘Ish
all
not
eat
you,
’(t
heca
t)to
ld(t
heco
ck)
togo
toge
ther
with
her.
18be
˙ naha
ulu
be
˙ ni-a
i,e
hen
kam
aha
venı
fahe
,ti
ma
ebae
nna-
ve.
be
˙ naha
ulu
be
˙ niai
ehe
nka
mah
ave
nıfa
hetim
aeb
aenn
aev
esa
ying
cock
hesa
idth
eysa
yth
atw
ayto
fact
beco
min
gif
self
togo
ther
esa
ying
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NPR
ON
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C(M
!)
AB
S.N
OM
.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
DA
T.
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
NO
M.
INF.
INT
.
(At
her)
sayi
ng(s
o),
(the
cock
)sa
id,
‘if
itis
like
this
,le
t’s
goth
ere
(tog
ethe
r).’
19de
n¯e
vela
i,la
igat
ı,m
ıdel
akk-
a.de
n¯e
vela
ila
igat
ım
ıdel
aka
then
goin
gat
time
wha
tth
eym
etw
asa
rat
with
AD
VV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NC
ON
J
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.I
IIN
OM
.IN
DE
F.SO
C.
Whi
leth
eyw
ere
goin
g(o
n),
they
met
(with
)a
rat.
20m
ıdel
akk-
ala
igin
ıfe,
mıd
elu
ekah
-as
mi
be
˙ nanı
,hi
ngan
nake
tim
aek
ıha
jjah
aen
na.
mıd
elak
ala
igin
ıfe
mıd
elu
ekah
ias
mi
be
˙ nanı
hing
anna
ketim
aek
ıha
jjaha
enna
ara
tw
ithha
ving
met
rat
toge
ther
with
too
now
wha
tit
says
isto
wal
ksa
ying
self
with
to
˙ hagg
togo
NO
UN
CO
NJ
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
CO
NJ
AD
VV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BPR
ON
CA
RD
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
SOC
.A
BS.
III+
IO
BL
.L
OC
.M
OD
.T
EM
P.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.IN
F.A
BS.
OB
L.
LO
C.
DA
T.
INF.
Whe
nth
eym
etw
ith(t
he)
rat,
(the
cat)
told
the
rat,
too,
togo
ona
hajj
toge
ther
with
her.
102 Texts with interlinear analysis
21be
˙ nam
ıdel
u-as
mi
be
˙ nanı
,ad
ave
genn
-as
taı
mıd
elk
¯aet
tak-
ai.
be
˙ nam
ıdel
uas
mi
be
˙ nanı
ada
vege
nas
taı
mıd
elk
¯aet
tak
aisa
ying
rat
too
now
wha
tit
says
iscu
stom
beco
min
gto
ow
hat
you
are
isra
tea
ting
ath
ing
sayi
ngV
ER
BN
OU
NC
ON
JA
DV
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
CO
NJ
PPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.O
BL
.M
OD
.T
EM
P.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
SOC
.N
OM
.+FO
C.
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
RS.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INT
.
(At
her)
sayi
ng(s
o),
the
rat
answ
ered
,‘n
orm
ally
,yo
uar
ean
anim
al(l
it."s
omet
hing
")th
atea
tsra
ts’.
22e
hem
ma
tim
asa
nike
renn
ene
enna
.e
hen
ma
timas
ani
kere
nnen
een
nath
atso
rtaf
ter
tose
lfno
tit
will
beab
leto
bedo
neto
goD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NPR
ON
PAR
TC
VE
RB
VE
RB
AT
TR
.O
BL
.L
OC
.D
AT
.N
EG
.FU
T.3
SG.
INF.
‘As
itis
like
this
,it
isno
tpo
ssib
lefo
rm
eto
go(t
oget
her
with
you)
.’
23be
˙ nam
ibe
˙ nı,
tasa
nife
nen
tai,
tim
aka
rio
c
tasb
ıha
gan
˙ do.
be
˙ nam
ibe
˙ nıta
sani
fene
nta
itim
aka
riot
tasb
ıha
gan
˙ dosa
ying
now
wha
tsh
esa
idw
asto
you
not
isvi
sibl
eas
king
self
onne
ckbe
ing
rosa
rypi
ece
VE
RB
AD
VV
ER
BPP
RO
NPA
RT
CV
ER
BIP
AR
TC
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
N
AB
S.T
EM
P.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
DA
T.
NE
G.
PRS.
3SG
.IN
T.
OB
L.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
RS.
OB
L.
NO
M.
(At
her)
sayi
ng(s
o),
(the
cat)
aske
d‘d
on’t
you
see
it,th
ero
sary
whi
chis
onm
yne
ck?’
24ti
ma
nika
nna-
uhi
ngan
nake
tim
aek
ı.tim
ani
kann
aau
hing
anna
ketim
aek
ıse
lfno
tto
eat
sayi
ngto
gosa
ying
self
with
PRO
NPA
RT
CV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
VE
RB
VE
RB
PRO
NC
AR
D
NO
M.
NE
G.
INF.
INT
.IN
F.A
BS.
OB
L.
LO
C.
(With
the
wor
ds)
‘Ish
all
not
eat
you’
,(t
heca
t)to
ldhe
rto
gow
ithhe
rsel
f.
25de
nm
igo
tem
ıdal
u-as
halla
gen,
be
˙ noag
enm
ien
ı-ai
den
mi
gote
mıd
alu
asha
llage
nbe
˙ noag
enm
ien
ıai
then
this
inw
ayra
tto
oco
nvin
cing
pers
uadi
ngno
who
wsh
ego
esis
they
say
AD
VD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NC
ON
JV
ER
BV
ER
BA
DV
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
TE
MP.
AT
TR
.L
OC
.N
OM
.SO
C.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
III
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
EX
T.
Thu
sco
nvin
cing
(and
)pe
rsua
ding
the
rat,
too,
(the
y)w
ent
on.
103T4 Be ˙lal
26¯e
vela
ila
igat
ı,ku
ku
˙ lakk
-a.
¯eve
lai
laig
atı
kuku
˙ lak
ago
ing
attim
ew
hat
itm
etw
asa
hen
with
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
CO
NJ
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.I
II+
FOC
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.SO
C.
Whe
n(t
hey)
wen
ton
(tog
ethe
r),
(the
y)m
etw
itha
hen.
27la
igin
ıfe,
kuku
˙ luek
ah-a
sam
am
ihe
nbe
˙ nafe
be
˙ noag
en,
mi
geha
taro
veri
nen
ı-ai
laig
inıf
eku
ku
˙ luek
ahi
asam
am
ihe
nbe
˙ nafe
be
˙ noag
enm
ige
hata
rove
rin
enı
aiha
ving
met
hen
toge
ther
with
too
agai
n(?
)th
isw
aysa
ying
pers
uadi
ngth
ese
havi
nggo
nefo
urpe
ople
how
they
gois
they
say
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
CO
NJ
AD
VD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BD
PRO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.II
I+I
OB
L.
LO
C.
SOC
.M
OD
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
AB
S.I
AB
S.II
IA
TT
R.
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.P
L.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
EX
T.
Hav
ing
met
(the
hen
and)
havi
ngpe
rsua
ded
her
byta
lkin
gin
the
sam
ew
ay,
thes
efo
urpe
ople
wer
ew
alki
ngal
ong.
28go
ho,
atir
ehı
sibo
kkor
aba
gen
mi
mıh
unar
agen
,fa
lija
hafe
]be
˙ lalu
-ai
deat
ende
fali
jaha
nıgo
hoat
ire
hısi
bokk
ora
bage
nm
im
ıhun
arag
enfa
lija
hafe
be
˙ lalu
aide
aten
defa
lija
hanı
goin
gon
shor
ebe
ing
boat
taki
ngth
ese
peop
lecl
imbi
ngoa
rro
win
gca
tth
eysa
ytw
oby
hand
two
oar
who
row
sis
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
CC
AR
DN
OU
NC
AR
DN
OU
NV
ER
B
AB
S.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PR
S.N
OM
.A
BS.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.PL
.A
BS.
III
NO
M.
AB
S.I
NO
M.
EX
T.
AT
TR
.A
BL
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
Wal
king
on,
(the
y)to
oka
boat
whi
chw
ason
the
shor
e,cl
imbe
d(u
pon
it),
(and
)gr
aspi
ngth
eoa
rsit
was
the
cat
who
star
ted
row
ing
with
both
hand
son
both
oars
.
29be
˙ noag
engo
ho,
vaki
hisa
baka
hagi
unı
be
˙ noag
engo
hova
kihi
saba
kaha
giun
ıpe
rsua
ding
goin
gre
alto
anam
ount
was
wha
tth
eyre
ache
d(u
nint
entio
nally
)V
ER
BV
ER
BA
DJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
AT
TR
.D
AT
.IN
DE
F.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
(Tog
ethe
rw
ithth
eon
es)
she
had
pers
uade
d,sh
e(f
inal
ly)
reac
hed
ace
rtai
ndi
stan
ce.
30de
nya
gınu
n-as
,m
ıge
evvi
aset
taka
hafa
tafe
egga
mah
ani
er¯e
hisa
baha
giun
umm
a,de
nya
gınu
nas
mıg
eek
vias
etta
kaha
fata
feek
-gam
aha
nier
¯ehi
saba
hagi
unum
ma
then
with
cert
aint
yev
enth
ese
one’
son
ebe
com
ing
even
toa
thin
gsw
imm
ing
tola
ndno
tbe
ing
clim
babl
eto
dist
ance
reac
hing
afte
rA
DV
NO
UN
CO
NJ
DPR
ON
CA
RD
VE
RB
CO
NJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
PAR
TC
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
TE
MP.
AB
L.
MO
D.
GE
N.
AT
TR
.A
BS.
MO
D.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.I
DA
T.
NE
G.
PAR
T.P
RS.
DA
T.
OB
L.
LO
C.
Whe
nth
edi
stan
ceth
eyha
dre
ache
dse
emed
tobe
such
inde
edth
atno
tev
enon
eof
them
was
able
toge
t(b
ack)
toth
ela
ndby
swim
min
g,
104 Texts with interlinear analysis
30a
be
˙ lalu
hedı
likı
fum
mag
engo
hoje
hıfe
haul
uga
ihi
fann
am
ive
n
˙ diga
tı.
be
˙ lalu
hedı
likı
fum
mag
engo
hoje
hıfe
haul
uga
ihi
fann
am
ive
n
˙ diga
tıca
tdo
nem
anne
rw
asju
mpi
nggo
ing
hitti
ngco
ckbo
dyto
gras
pno
ww
hat
itgo
tto
bew
asN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BA
DV
VE
RB
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.+
FOC
.A
BS.
III
AB
S.A
BS.
IO
BL
.N
OM
.IN
F.T
EM
P.PA
RT
.PT
.III
+FO
C.
the
cat
jum
ped
onth
eco
ckan
dw
hen
she
hit
him
,sh
etr
ied
togr
asp
the
body
ofth
eco
ck.
31ve
n
˙ diga
nna
tan
haul
u-a,
kuku
˙ lu-a
,m
ıdal
u-a
tin-
eti
ekı
deas
afu
mm
ali-
ai.
ven
˙ diga
nna
tan
haul
ua
kuku
˙ lua
mıd
alu
atin
eti
ekı
deas
afu
mm
ali
aige
tting
tobe
mom
ent
cock
with
hen
with
rat
with
thre
eth
ing
toge
ther
tow
ater
they
jum
ped
they
say
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
CO
NJ
CA
RD
NO
UN
CA
RD
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
PAR
T.P
RS.
OB
L.
NO
M.
SOC
.N
OM
.SO
C.
NO
M.
SOC
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.
LO
C.
DA
T.
PT.I
I.3P
L.
EX
T.
Just
whe
nsh
est
arte
dtr
ying
this
,th
eco
ck,
the
hen,
and
the
rat,
all
thre
eto
geth
erju
mpe
din
toth
ew
ater
.
32ha
ulu
udih
ıfe
ge-a
i.ha
ulu
udih
ıfe
geai
cock
flyi
ngw
ent
they
say
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
NO
M.
AB
S.I
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
The
cock
wen
taw
ayfl
ying
.
33ha
ulu
udih
ıfe
goho
egga
mah
aje
hı.
haul
uud
ihıf
ego
hoeg
gam
aha
jehı
cock
flyi
nggo
ing
tola
ndhi
tN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
B
NO
M.
AB
S.I
AB
S.D
AT
.PT
.3SG
.
The
cock
reac
hed
the
land
byfl
ying
.
34ku
ku
˙ lu-a
mıd
alu-
ade
-ti
fata
feeg
gam
aha-
aim
ier
ı.ku
ku
˙ lua
mıd
alu
ade
eti
fata
feek
-gam
aha
aim
ier
ıhe
nw
ithra
tw
ithtw
oth
ings
swim
min
gto
land
they
say
now
wha
tth
eycl
imbe
dup
tow
asN
OU
NC
ON
JN
OU
NC
ON
JC
AR
DN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
AD
VV
ER
B
OB
L.
SOC
.O
BL
.SO
C.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.A
BS.
ID
AT
.E
XT
.T
EM
P.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
The
hen
and
the
rat
got
upon
the
land
bysw
imm
ing.
105T4 Be ˙lal
35ar
anna
gat
tabe
˙ lalu
-as
fata
feer
un(u
)ka
laha
mıd
alm
ihe
dılik
ı,go
horu
kaka
ham
ier
ı.ar
anna
gat
tabe
˙ lalu
asfa
tafe
erun
(u)
kala
ham
ıdal
mi
hedı
likı
goho
ruka
kaha
mi
erı
tocl
imb
upgo
tat
mom
ent
the
cat
too
swim
min
gab
leto
clim
bto
time
rat
now
done
man
ner
was
goin
gto
atr
eeno
ww
here
she
clim
bed
upw
asV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NC
ON
JV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NA
DV
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
AD
VV
ER
B
INF.
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
OB
L.
MO
D.
AB
S.I
PAR
T.P
T.
DA
T.
OB
L.
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.+
FOC
.A
BS.
DA
T.
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.
Just
whe
nth
eym
anag
edto
clim
bup
,th
eca
tcl
imbe
dup
ther
e(f
rom
)sw
imm
ing,
too,
and
the
rat
clim
bed
upa
coco
nut
tree
.
36ku
ku
˙ lufi
lage
-ai.
kuku
˙ lufi
lage
aihe
nhi
daw
ayth
eysa
yN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
M.
PT.I
V.3
SG.
EX
T.
The
hen
hid
(som
ewhe
re).
37m
ıdal
erı
ruka
hafa
hike
˙ den
be
˙ lalu
-as
arag
e-ai
.m
ıdal
erı
ruka
hafa
hike
˙ den
be
˙ lalu
asar
age
aira
tcl
imbe
dup
totr
eeba
ckfr
ompi
ece
cat
too
clim
bed
upth
eysa
yN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NC
ON
JV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
T.
DA
T.
GE
N.
AB
L.
NO
M.
MO
D.
PT.I
V.3
SG.
EX
T.
From
the
back
side
,th
eca
tcl
imbe
dup
the
tree
the
rat
had
clim
bed
upto
o.
38be
˙ lalu
ara,
mıd
alga
ihi
fann
enhe
nhı
vım
ma,
mıd
alhe
dılik
ıfu
mm
agen
goho
den
hısí
ruka
(h)a
ebag
e-ai
be
˙ lalu
ara
mıd
alga
ihi
fann
enhe
nhi
tvı
mm
am
ıdal
hedı
likı
fum
mag
engo
hode
nhı
síru
ka(h
)aeb
age
aica
tcl
imbi
ngm
ouse
body
bein
gto
gras
pw
aym
ind
beco
min
gw
hen
rat
done
man
ner
was
jum
ping
goin
gne
xtbe
ing
totr
eeit
wen
tth
eysa
yN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BA
DV
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
OB
L.
AB
S.O
BL
.N
OM
.PA
RT
.FU
T.
OB
L.
OB
L.
OB
L.
LO
C.
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.+
FOC
.A
BS.
III
AB
S.T
EM
P.PA
RT
.PR
S.D
AT
.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Whe
nth
eca
tw
ascl
imbi
ngup
and
was
thin
king
abou
tth
ew
ayho
wsh
eco
uld
catc
hth
ebo
dyof
the
rat,
the
rat
jum
ped
off
toth
ene
xttr
ee.
39ge
mm
a,be
˙ lalu
ove
ovef
em
iah
anı,
mıd
ela,
kihi
nne
tai
tati
ruka
hage
i?ge
nm
abe
˙ lalu
ove
ovef
em
iah
anı
mıd
ela
kihi
nne
tai
tati
ruka
hage
i?go
ing
whe
nca
tst
ayin
gst
ayin
gno
ww
hat
itsa
ysis
rat
sayi
ngho
was
king
you
that
totr
ee(t
hew
ay)
you
wen
tw
asV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BA
DV
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
CIP
RO
NIP
AR
TC
PPR
ON
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
OB
L.
LO
C.
OB
L.
AB
S.A
BS.
IT
EM
P.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.N
OM
.IN
T.
MO
D.
INT
.O
BL
.A
TT
R.
DA
T.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.
Whe
nsh
ew
ent
ther
e,th
eca
t,re
mai
ning
(whe
rean
dth
ew
ay)
she
was
,as
ked,
‘rat
,ho
wdi
dyo
uge
tto
that
tree
?’
106 Texts with interlinear analysis
40ti
ma
tani
kann
a-ve
,ge
lika
c
be
˙ nann
ake
.tim
ata
nika
nna
eve
gelik
akbe
˙ nann
ake
self
you
not
toea
tsa
ying
gone
am
anne
rto
tell
sayi
ngPR
ON
PPR
ON
PAR
TC
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C(M
!)V
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OM
.N
OM
.N
EG
.IN
F.IN
T.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INF.
AB
S.
Sayi
ng,
‘Iw
illno
tea
tyo
u,’
she
told
her
tote
llhe
rth
ew
aysh
e(h
adm
anag
edto
)ge
t(t
here
).
41be
˙ num
ma,
mıd
alm
ibe
˙ nanı
,va
ije
hıfe
,de
ru
c
duru
v¯eka
l-e,
tim
afu
mm
agat
ı.be
˙ nun
ma
mıd
alm
ibe
˙ nanı
vai
jehı
fede
ruk
duru
v¯eka
lev
etim
afu
mm
agat
ısa
ying
whe
nra
tno
ww
hat
itsa
ysis
win
dhi
tting
two
tree
apar
tbe
com
ing
attim
esa
ying
self
whe
nI
jum
ped
was
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
AD
VV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BC
AR
DN
OU
NA
DJ
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C(M
!)PR
ON
VE
RB
OB
L.
LO
C.
OB
L.
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
NO
M.
AB
S.I
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PR
ED
.PA
RT
.PR
S.L
OC
.IN
T.
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
T.I
II+
FOC
.
(Whe
nsh
e)sa
id(s
o),
the
rat
answ
ered
,‘T
hem
omen
tI
jum
ped
was
,w
hen,
stru
ckby
the
win
d,th
etw
otr
ees
wen
tap
art.’
42e
hen
ma,
ta-s
elik
aha
fum
anna
ke.
ehe
nm
ata
ase
likah
afu
man
nake
that
way
afte
ryo
uto
oth
atto
way
toju
mp
sayi
ngD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NPP
RO
NC
ON
JD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BA
TT
R.
NO
M.
LO
C.
NO
M.
MO
D.
AT
TR
.D
AT
.IN
F.A
BS.
She
told
(the
cat)
,‘y
outo
osh
ould
jum
pin
the
sam
ew
ay.’
43be
˙ num
ma,
be˙ la
lum
ihe
dılik
ı,va
ije
hıfe
,de
ruc
duru
vege
nge
tam
va˙ li
fum
mag
at-a
ibe
˙ nun
ma
be˙ la
lum
ihe
dılik
ıva
ije
hıfe
deru
kdu
ruve
gen
geta
nva
˙ lifu
mm
agat
aisa
ying
whe
nca
tno
wdo
nea
man
ner
was
win
dhi
tting
two
tree
apar
tbe
com
ing
gone
plac
eat
mom
ent
itju
mpe
dth
eysa
yV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NA
DV
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
CA
RD
NO
UN
AD
JV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
OB
L.
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.+
FOC
.N
OM
.A
BS.
IA
TT
R.
OB
L.
PRE
D.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
OB
L.
LO
C.
PT.I
II.3
SG.
EX
T.
Aft
erhe
rsa
ying
so,
the
cat
jum
ped
just
whe
nth
ew
ind
stru
ckan
dth
etw
otr
ees
wen
tap
art.
44fu
mm
agat
umm
a,vı
likı,
be
˙ lalu
saen
edru
kaha
nigı
,ve
˙ t
˙ tıge
ngo
hoje
hıfe
,fu
mm
agat
unm
avı
likı
be
˙ lalu
saen
ekru
kaha
nigı
ve
˙ t˙ tıge
ngo
hoje
hıfe
jum
ping
whe
nbe
com
em
anne
rw
asto
cat
anot
her
totr
eeno
tbe
ing
reac
habl
efa
lling
goin
ghi
tting
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
PRO
NN
OU
NPA
RT
CV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BO
BL
.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.+FO
C.
DA
T.
AT
TR
.D
AT
.N
EG
.A
BS.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
AB
S.I
Whe
nsh
eju
mpe
d,it
happ
ened
that
the
cat
did
not
reac
hth
etr
ee,
but
falli
ngdo
wn
she
hit
(the
grou
nd),
44a
deru
dde
tere
hısi
kasa
gan
˙ daka
haem
e
˙ nıge
nbe
˙ lal
mar
ave
ge-a
i.de
ruk
deet
ere
hısi
kasa
gan
˙ daka
haem
e
˙ nıge
nbe
˙ lal
mar
ave
geai
two
tree
two
betw
een
bein
gto
ath
orn
bein
gpi
erce
dca
tde
adbe
cam
eth
eysa
yC
AR
DN
OU
NC
AR
DN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NA
DJ
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CA
TT
R.
OB
L.
OB
L.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
RS.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.II
IN
OM
.PR
ED
.PT
.IV
.3SG
.E
XT
.
and
pier
ced
bya
spik
ew
hich
was
betw
een
the
two
tree
s,th
eca
tdi
ed.
T5: [Rakko ˙lu Mameli Daita]*
Fua
c
Mulaku: Go ˙l ˙dan-Ge ˙tu Kaddadi (˘Hadıga)
* An English version (collected and translated by AHMED SHAKEEB) of this story appeared in Finiashi:Heard in the Islands, vol. 5, Male 1990, 6 ff.
108 Texts with interlinear analysis
1eb
ave
n
˙ di-a
ifa
kıri
kuda
ku.
eba
ven
˙ diai
fakı
riku
daku
ther
eliv
esth
eysa
ypo
ora
child
AD
VV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AD
J(A
!)N
OU
N
LO
C.
PRS.
3SG
.E
XT
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.I
ND
EF.
(Onc
e)th
ere
lived
apo
orch
ild(g
irl)
.
2m
iku
dd¯a
hita
haer
i-ai
gasa
iba
tta
vaka
kkan
ene.
mi
kudd
¯ahi
taha
erı
aiga
sai
bat
tava
kakk
anen
eth
isch
ildto
min
dw
hat
aros
ew
assa
ying
=ri
cepa
n(s
he)
will
cook
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
B
AT
TR
.O
BL
.D
AT
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
INT
.O
BL
.O
BL
.N
OM
.FU
T.3
SG.
Itca
me
toth
isgi
rl’s
min
dto
cook
apa
nof
gasa
iri
ce.
3hi
kko
c
gasa
iba
tta
vaka
kkal
i-ai
.hi
tko
sga
sai
bat
tava
kakk
ali
aim
ind
mak
ing
=ri
cepa
n(s
he)
cook
edth
eysa
yN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
M.
AB
S.O
BL
.O
BL
.N
OM
.PT
.II.
3SG
.E
XT
.
Hav
ing
mad
e(u
phe
r)m
ind
(lik
eth
is),
she
cook
eda
pan
(of)
gasa
iri
ce.
4ka
kkaf
e,ba
c
hisu
va,
lage
nka
nnen
etta
c
huva
nna
c
vege
neb
age-
ai.
kakk
afe
bat
hisu
vala
gen
kann
enet
tak
huva
nnas
vege
neb
age
aiha
ving
cook
edri
cepl
acin
gad
ding
tobe
eate
na
thin
gto
look
for
by(i
t)be
com
ing
she
wen
taw
ayth
eysa
yV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.I
NO
M.
AB
S.A
BS.
III
PAR
T.F
UT
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.IN
F.A
BS.
III
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
Hav
ing
cook
ed(i
tan
d)ha
ving
put
the
rice
asid
e,sh
ew
ent
away
inor
der
tolo
okfo
rso
met
hing
that
she
(cou
ld)
eat
itw
ith.
5em
un¯e
vela
ila
igin
ige-
aifi
aiak
k-a.
emun
¯eve
lai
laig
inig
eai
fiai
aka
bygo
ing
goin
gw
hile
wha
tsh
eha
ppen
edto
mee
tw
ithw
asth
eysa
yan
onio
nw
ithV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
CO
NJ
GR
ND
.PA
RT
.PR
S.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PT
.III
+IV
+FO
C.
EX
T.
OB
L.I
ND
EF.
SOC
.
Whi
lego
ing
and
goin
g(l
ike
this
),sh
em
etw
ithan
onio
n.
109T5 [Rakko ˙lu Mameli Daita]
6la
igin
ife,
be
˙ ni-a
i,ko
nta
kaha
tai
tien
ı.la
igin
ife
be
˙ niai
kon
taka
hata
iti
enı.
havi
ngm
etsh
esa
idth
eysa
yw
hich
topl
ace
aski
ngth
ere
whe
reyo
uar
ego
ing
isV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
IPR
ON
NO
UN
IPA
RT
CA
DV
VE
RB
AB
S.II
I+I
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.E
XT
.A
TT
R.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
INT
.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.
Hav
ing
met
it,sh
eas
ked,
‘whe
rear
eyo
uth
ere
goin
g?’
7be
˙ nabe
˙ ni-a
i,ti
ma
bim
eva
tiov
e,fı
venn
ata
yyar
ove
gen
nuku
meg
enen
i-ai
.be
˙ nabe
˙ niai
tima
bim
eva
tiov
efı
venn
ata
yyar
ove
gen
nuku
meg
enen
ıai
.sa
ying
itsa
idth
eysa
yse
lfof
grou
ndon
botto
mly
ing
rotte
nto
beco
me
read
ybe
com
ing
getti
ngou
tw
hat
Iam
goin
gfo
ris
sayi
ngV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
AD
JV
ER
BA
DJ
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.O
BL
.G
EN
.L
OC
.A
BS.
PRE
D.
INF.
PRE
D.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
III
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
INT
.
Whe
nsh
esa
id(s
o),
itre
plie
d,‘l
ying
onth
egr
ound
,I
have
near
lyst
arte
dge
tting
rotte
n,(t
hat’
sw
hy)
Igo
tou
tan
dam
goin
g(a
roun
dhe
reno
w).
’
8ke
fe,
be
˙ num
ma
be
˙ ni-a
ien
nake
tim
aek
ı.ke
febe
˙ nun
ma
be
˙ niai
enna
ketim
aek
ıha
ving
said
sayi
ngw
hen
she
said
they
say
togo
sayi
ngse
lfw
ithV
ER
BV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
VE
RB
VE
RB
PRO
NC
AR
D
AB
S.I
OB
L.
LO
C.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
INF.
AB
S.O
BL
.L
OC
.
Aft
erit
spok
e(i
nth
ew
ay)
itha
dsp
oken
,sh
ean
swer
edte
lling
(it)
to‘c
ome
with
me.
’
9be
˙ num
ma
kefe
deve
rin
eni-
ai.
be
˙ nun
ma
kefe
deve
rin
enı
aisa
ying
whe
nha
ving
said
two
peop
leho
wth
eyar
ego
ing
isth
eysa
yV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BC
AR
DN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
AB
S.I
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.E
XT
.
Aft
er(h
er)
sayi
ngso
,th
etw
o(o
fth
em)
wen
t(o
nto
geth
er).
10¯e
vela
ila
igin
ige-
aim
irih
akk-
a.¯e
vela
ila
igin
ige
aim
irih
aka
goin
gw
hile
wha
tth
eyha
ppen
edto
mee
tw
ithw
asth
eysa
ya
chili
with
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NC
ON
J
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.I
II+
IV+
FOC
.E
XT
.O
BL
.IN
DE
F.SO
C.
Whi
lego
ing
(on
like
this
),th
eym
etw
itha
chili
.
110 Texts with interlinear analysis
11do
mm
irih
akk-
ala
igin
ife
be
˙ ni-a
i,ko
nta
kaha
tai
tien
ı.do
nm
irih
aka
laig
inif
ebe
˙ niai
kon
taka
hata
iti
enı
fair
ach
iliw
ithha
ving
met
she
said
they
say
whi
chto
plac
eas
king
ther
ew
here
you
are
goin
gis
AD
JN
OU
NC
ON
JV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
IPR
ON
NO
UN
IPA
RT
CA
DV
VE
RB
AT
TR
.O
BL
.IN
DE
F.SO
C.
AB
S.II
I+I
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
AT
TR
.D
AT
.IN
DE
F.IN
T.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
Hav
ing
met
with
(the
)re
dch
ili,
(the
girl
)as
ked,
‘whe
rear
eyo
uth
ere
goin
g?’
12be
˙ nabe
˙ ni-a
i,ti
ma
mi
enı:
be
˙ nabe
˙ niai
tima
mi
enı
sayi
ngit
said
they
say
self
here
wha
tI
amgo
ing
for
isV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
AD
VV
ER
B
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.O
BL
.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.
Whe
n(s
he)
said
(so)
,(t
hech
ili)
answ
ered
,‘t
his
isw
hat
Iam
goin
gar
ound
for:
12a
gehe
ihi
sedo
mve
gen,
fıve
nna
tayy
aro
vege
n,nu
kum
egen
ve
˙ t
˙ tıge
nen
i-ai
.ge
hei
hise
don
vege
nfı
venn
ata
yyar
ove
gen
nuku
meg
enve
˙ t˙ tıge
nen
ıai
ontr
eebe
ing
fair
beco
min
gro
tten
tobe
com
ere
ady
beco
min
gge
tting
off
falli
ngw
hyI
amgo
ing
issa
ying
NO
UN
VE
RB
AD
JV
ER
BA
DJ
VE
RB
AD
JV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
LO
C.
AB
S.PR
ED
.A
BS.
III
PRE
D.
INF.
PRE
D.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
III
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.IN
T.
havi
ngbe
com
efa
ir(w
hile
)be
ing
onth
etr
ee(a
nd)
havi
ngst
arte
dto
get
rotte
n,(t
hat’
sw
hy)
I’m
goin
g(a
roun
dno
w)
afte
rge
tting
off
and
falli
ngdo
wn.
’
13be
˙ ni-a
ien
nake
tim
ai-a
ekı.
be
˙ niai
enna
ketim
aia
ekı
she
said
they
say
togo
telli
ngse
lfw
ithto
geth
erV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
VE
RB
VE
RB
PRO
NC
ON
JC
AR
D
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
INF.
AB
S.O
BL
.SO
C.
LO
C.
She
said
,‘c
ome
onto
geth
erw
ithm
e.’
14ke
feen
i-ai
.ke
feen
ıai
havi
ngsa
idgo
ing
they
say
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.I
PAR
T.P
RS.
EX
T.
(At)
her
sayi
ng(s
o),
they
wen
t(o
nto
geth
er).
111T5 [Rakko ˙lu Mameli Daita]
15¯e
vela
ila
igin
ige-
aiga
rade
mah
age
˙ lakk
-a.
¯eve
lai
laig
inig
eai
gara
dem
aha
ge
˙ lak
ago
ing
whi
lew
hat
they
happ
ened
tom
eet
with
was
they
say
tuna
fish
aba
llw
ithV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
CO
NJ
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.I
II+
IV+
FOC
.E
XT
.O
BL
.O
BL
.O
BL
.IN
DE
F.SO
C.
Whi
lego
ing
(on
like
this
),th
eym
etw
itha
hard
ball
oftu
nafi
sh.
16la
igin
ife
be
˙ ni-a
iko
nta
kaha
tai
tien
ı?la
igin
ife
be
˙ niai
kon
taka
hata
iti
enı?
havi
ngm
etsh
esa
idth
eysa
yw
hich
topl
ace
aski
ngth
ere
whe
reyo
uar
ego
ing
isV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
IPR
ON
NO
UN
IPA
RT
CA
DV
VE
RB
AB
S.II
I+I
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
AT
TR
.D
AT
.IN
DE
F.IN
T.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
Hav
ing
met
it,sh
eas
ked,
‘whe
rear
eyo
uth
ere
goin
g?’
17be
˙ num
ma
be
˙ ni-a
i,gu
lieva
tiov
e,m
afa
venn
ata
yyar
ove
gen,
enı-
ai.
be
˙ nun
ma
be
˙ niai
gulie
vati
ove
maf
ave
nna
tayy
aro
vege
nen
ıai
sayi
ngw
hen
she
said
they
say
ofpo
ton
botto
mly
ing
gran
dfat
her
tobe
com
ere
ady
beco
min
gw
hyI
amgo
ing
issa
ying
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BA
DJ
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
OB
L.
LO
C.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
GE
N.
LO
C.
AB
S.N
OM
.IN
F.PR
ED
.A
BS.
III
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
INT
.
(At
her)
sayi
ngso
,(i
t)an
swer
ed,
‘hav
ing
been
lyin
gon
the
grou
ndof
acl
aypo
tan
dha
ving
star
ted
tobe
com
ea
"gra
ndfa
ther
",(t
hat’
sw
hy)
Iam
goin
g.’
18be
˙ num
ma
be
˙ ni-a
i,en
nake
tim
ai-a
eki.
be
˙ nun
ma
be
˙ niai
enna
ketim
aia
eki
sayi
ngw
hen
she
said
they
say
togo
telli
ngse
lfw
ithto
geth
erV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
VE
RB
VE
RB
PRO
NC
ON
JC
AR
D
OB
L.
LO
C.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
INF.
AB
S.O
BL
.SO
C.
LO
C.
(At
it’s)
sayi
ng(s
o),
she
said
,‘c
ome
onto
geth
erw
ithm
e.’
19ke
fe¯e
vela
i,la
igin
ige-
ailim
boya
kk-a
.ke
fe¯e
vela
ila
igin
ige
ailim
boya
ka
havi
ngsa
idgo
ing
whi
lew
hat
they
happ
ened
tom
eet
with
was
they
say
alim
efr
uit
with
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NC
ON
J
AB
S.PA
RT
.PR
S.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PT
.III
+IV
+FO
C.
EX
T.
OB
L.I
ND
EF.
SOC
.
At
her
sayi
ng(s
o),
whi
lego
ing
(on
inth
isw
ay),
they
met
with
alim
e(f
ruit)
.
112 Texts with interlinear analysis
20la
igin
ife,
be
˙ ni-a
i,ko
nta
kaha
tai?
laig
inif
ebe
˙ niai
kon
taka
hata
i?ha
ving
met
she
said
they
say
whi
chto
plac
eas
king
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CIP
RO
NN
OU
NIP
AR
TC
AB
S.II
I+I
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.E
XT
.A
TT
R.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
INT
.
Hav
ing
met
it,sh
eas
ked,
‘whe
re(a
reyo
ugo
ing)
?’
21be
˙ nabe
˙ ni-a
ige
hei
ove
fal
venn
ata
yyar
ave
gen
enı-
ai.
be
˙ nabe
˙ niai
gehe
iov
efa
lve
nna
tayy
ara
vege
nen
ıai
sayi
ngit
said
they
say
ontr
eebe
ing
rotte
nto
beco
me
read
ybe
com
ing
why
Iam
goin
gis
sayi
ngV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
VE
RB
AD
JV
ER
BA
DJ
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.PT
.3SG
.E
XT
.L
OC
.A
BS.
PRE
D.
INF.
PRE
D.
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.IN
T.
Whe
n(s
he)
said
(so)
,(t
hech
ili)
answ
ered
,‘(
beca
use
of)
havi
ngst
arte
dto
get
rotte
n(w
hile
)be
ing
onth
etr
ee,
(tha
t’s
why
)I’
mgo
ing
(now
).’
22be
˙ nabe
˙ ni-a
i,en
nake
tim
ai-a
ekı.
be
˙ nabe
˙ niai
enna
ketim
aia
ekı
sayi
ngw
hat
she
said
was
they
say
togo
telli
ngse
lfw
ithto
geth
erV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
VE
RB
VE
RB
PRO
NC
ON
JC
AR
D
AB
S.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
EX
T.
INF.
AB
S.O
BL
.SO
C.
LO
C.
(At
its)
sayi
ng(s
o),
(the
girl
)sa
id,
‘com
e(o
n)to
geth
erw
ithm
e.’
23ke
fefa
have
rin
geka
l-
fas
ma
mul
efa
hava
gun
-ka
ika
fera
kkal
vega
t-ai
.ke
fefa
have
rin
geka
lfa
sm
am
ule
faha
vagu
nka
ika
fera
kkal
vega
tai
havi
ngsa
idfi
vepe
ople
gone
time
five
big
root
five
thie
ves
eatin
gea
ting
savi
ngbe
cam
eth
eysa
yV
ER
BC
AR
DN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NC
AR
D(M
!)A
DJ
NO
UN
CA
RD
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.I
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PL
.PA
RT
.PT
.O
BL
.A
TT
R.
AT
TR
.L
OC
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.P
L.
AB
S.A
BS.
IN
OM
.PT
.III
.3SG
.E
XT
.
At
her
sayi
ngso
,th
efi
ve("
peop
le")
wen
ton
-fi
veth
ieve
sin
five
big
root
s-
(alth
ough
)ea
ting
and
eatin
g,(a
lway
sso
met
hing
)w
assa
ved.
T6: A ˙like ˙dea derike ˙dea
The piece of ash and the piece of coal
Fua
c
Mulaku: Diggamage Mu ˙hammad Ma ˙nikufanu
114 Texts with interlinear analysis
1a
˙ like
˙ dea
deri
ke
˙ dea
deve
rin
eddu
vaha
kieb
age-
aiat
irah
a.a
˙ like
˙ dea
deri
ke
˙ dea
deve
rin
ekdu
vaha
kieb
age
aiat
irah
aas
hpi
ece
with
coal
piec
ew
ithtw
ope
ople
one
atda
yw
here
they
wen
tw
asth
eysa
yto
beac
hN
OU
NN
OU
NC
ON
JN
OU
NN
OU
NC
ON
JC
AR
DN
OU
NC
AR
DN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
OB
L.
OB
L.
SOC
.O
BL
.O
BL
.SO
C.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PL
.A
TT
R.
LO
C.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.E
XT
.D
AT
.
One
day,
(the
)pi
ece
ofas
han
d(t
he)
piec
eof
coal
wen
tto
the
beac
h.
2go
ho,
deri
ke
˙ deke
fi-a
i,a
˙ like
˙ de,
ekah
ifu
mm
anna
ke.
goho
deri
ke
˙ deke
fiai
a
˙ like
˙ deek
ahi
fum
man
nake
goin
gco
alpi
ece
wha
tit
said
was
they
say
ash
piec
eto
geth
erto
jum
pte
lling
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
NC
AR
DV
ER
BV
ER
B
AB
S.O
BL
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.I+
FOC
.E
XT
.O
BL
.N
OM
.L
OC
.IN
DE
F.IN
F.A
BS.
Goi
ng(t
here
),th
epi
ece
ofco
alsa
id,
‘pie
ceof
ash,
(let
’s)
jum
pin
!’
3be
˙ num
ma
a
˙ like
˙ debe
˙ ni-a
i,ta
fum
man
nake
.be
˙ nun
ma
a
˙ like
˙ debe
˙ niai
tafu
mm
anna
kesa
ying
whe
nas
hpi
ece
itsa
idth
eysa
yyo
uto
jum
pte
lling
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPP
RO
NV
ER
BV
ER
B
OB
L.
LO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
OB
L.
INF.
AB
S.
Whe
n(i
t)sa
idso
,th
epi
ece
ofas
han
swer
ed,
‘you
jum
pin
’.
4be
˙ nege
n,de
rike
˙ dehe
diva
˙ dam
akı
fum
mal
i-ai
.be
˙ nege
nde
rike
˙ dehe
diva
˙ dam
akı
fum
mal
iai
sayi
ngco
alpi
ece
done
aw
ayw
asit
jum
ped
they
say
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.II
IO
BL
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.+
FOC
.PT
.II.
3SG
.E
XT
.
(At
its)
sayi
ng(s
o),
the
piec
eof
coal
jum
ped
(int
oth
ese
a).
5fu
mm
umm
a,de
rike
˙ deuh
ulla
li-ai
.fu
mm
unm
ade
rike
˙ deuh
ulla
liai
jum
ping
whe
nco
alpi
ece
itfl
oate
dth
eysa
yV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.
PT.I
I.3S
G.
EX
T.
Aft
er(i
t)ju
mpe
d(i
n),
the
piec
eof
coal
floa
ted.
115T6 A ˙like ˙dea derike ˙dea
6uh
ullu
mm
a,a
˙ like
˙ deer
ige-
ai.
uhul
lun
ma
a
˙ like
˙ deer
ige
aifl
oatin
gw
hen
ash
piec
ew
ent
upon
they
say
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
OB
L.
LO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.
PT.I
V.3
SG.
EX
T.
Whe
n(i
t)fl
oate
d(l
ike
this
),th
epi
ece
ofas
hw
ent
onto
(the
wat
erto
o).
7er
u
˙ num
ma,
a
˙ like
˙ dege
rıge
-ai.
eru
˙ nun
ma
a
˙ like
˙ dege
rıge
aigo
ing
upon
whe
nas
hpi
ece
diss
olve
dth
eysa
yV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.
PT.I
V.3
SG.
EX
T.
Whe
n(i
t)go
tin
,th
epi
ece
ofas
hdi
ssol
ved.
8de
rike
˙ dee
hen
ove,
oaha
dam
amun
ra
˙ laha
ta
˙ lam
ungo
hoM
elia
gefa
˙ n
˙ naha
lakk
oli-
ai.
deri
ke
˙ dee
hen
ove
oaha
dam
amun
ra
˙ laha
ta
˙ lam
ungo
hoM
elia
gefa
˙ n
˙ naha
lak-
koli
aico
alpi
ece
that
sort
bein
gto
curr
ent
pulli
ngto
wav
ebe
atin
ggo
ing
ofM
.to
beac
hw
ayit
floa
ted
they
say
NO
UN
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
PNN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
NO
M.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.A
BS.
DA
T.
GR
ND
.D
AT
.G
RN
D.
AB
S.G
EN
.D
AT
.PT
.II.
3SG
.E
XT
.
At
the
sam
etim
e,th
epi
ece
ofco
al,
pulle
dby
the
curr
ent
and
beat
enby
the
wav
e(s)
,fl
oate
dup
onth
eM
elia
’sbe
ach.
9la
kkog
eno
c
vela
i,M
elia
gedi
aer
ıge-
aiat
irah
a.la
k-ko
gen
otve
lai
Mel
iage
dia
erıg
eai
atir
aha
floa
ting
bein
gat
time
ofM
.da
ught
erw
here
she
wen
tup
was
they
say
tosh
ore
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
N
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PR
S.L
OC
.G
EN
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.III
+FO
C.
EX
T.
DA
T.
Just
whe
n(i
tca
me)
floa
ting,
M.D
.(l
it."M
.’s
daug
hter
")ha
ppen
edto
goas
hore
.
10er
ım
iam
ike
˙ dena
gan
goho
gee
dore
va
˙ dila
vi-a
i.er
ım
iam
ike
˙ dena
gage
ngo
hoge
edo
reva
˙ dila
viai
goin
gup
onth
ison
eth
ispi
ece
liftin
ggo
ing
inho
use
ofdo
orin
wel
lsh
ebu
ried
they
say
VE
RB
DPR
ON
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.N
OM
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
LO
C.
LO
C.
LO
C.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
Hav
ing
gone
(ash
ore)
,sh
egr
aspe
dth
epi
ece,
wen
tof
fan
dbu
ried
itin
(her
)ho
use-
and-
gard
en.
116 Texts with interlinear analysis
11va
˙ dila
gen
mi
kenı
,ha
liaha
fa
˙ da,
halia
hafa
˙ da.
va
˙ dila
gen
mi
kenı
halia
hafa
˙ daha
liaha
fa
˙ dain
wel
lbu
ryin
gno
ww
hat
she
says
isqu
ickl
ygr
owqu
ickl
ygr
owN
OU
NV
ER
BA
DV
VE
RB
AD
JV
ER
BA
DJ
VE
RB
LO
C.
AB
S.II
IT
EM
P.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.D
AT
.IM
PV.2
SG.
DA
T.
IMPV
.2SG
.
Bur
ying
it,sh
esa
id,
‘gro
wup
quic
kly,
grow
upqu
ickl
y’.
12e
hen
keve
lai
fa
˙ dage
-ai.
ehe
nke
vela
ifa
˙ dage
aith
atso
rtsp
eaki
ngw
hile
itgr
ewth
eysa
yD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.L
OC
.PT
.IV
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Whe
nsh
esa
idso
,it
grew
up.
13fe
˙ dika
l,m
a
˙ losk
elak
-ai.
fe
˙ dika
lm
a
˙ losk
elak
aigr
own
time
aco
okin
gba
nana
(tre
e)th
eysa
yV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
EX
T.
Whe
nit
had
grow
nup
,(i
tha
dbe
com
e)a
cook
ing
bana
natr
ee.
14de
nfe
˙ dum
ma
kenn
ahe
dıga
t-ai
,ha
liaha
bon
˙ dove
-ai.
den
fe
˙ dun
ma
kenn
ahe
dıga
tai
halia
habo
n
˙ dove
aith
engr
owin
gw
hen
tosp
eak
she
got
mad
eth
eysa
yqu
ickl
ybi
gbe
com
esa
ying
AD
VV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AD
JA
DJ
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
TE
MP.
OB
L.
LO
C.
INF.
PAR
T.P
T.I
II+
FOC
.E
XT
.D
AT
.PR
ED
.IM
PV.2
SG.
INT
.
The
nw
hen
itha
dgr
own
up,
she
star
ted
sayi
ng,
‘bec
ome
tall
quic
kly’
.
15bo
n
˙ dovı
mm
a,ke
nna
hedı
gat-
ai,
halia
hafo
va.
bon
˙ dovı
nm
ake
nna
hedı
gat
aiha
liaha
fova
big
beco
min
gw
hen
tosp
eak
she
got
mad
eth
eysa
yqu
ickl
ybl
osso
mA
DJ
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CA
DJ
VE
RB
PRE
D.
OB
L.
LO
C.
INF.
PAR
T.P
T.I
II+
FOC
.E
XT
.D
AT
.IM
PV.2
SG.
Whe
nit
had
beco
me
tall,
she
star
ted
sayi
ng,
‘blo
ssom
fast
’!
117T6 A ˙like ˙dea derike ˙dea
16ke
mun
goho
,fo
vum
ma
kenn
ahe
dıga
t-ai
,ha
liaha
haro
ve-a
i.ke
mun
goho
fovu
nm
ake
nna
hedı
gat
aiha
liaha
haro
veai
spea
king
goin
gbl
osso
min
gw
hen
tosp
eak
she
got
mad
eth
eysa
yqu
ickl
ym
atur
ebe
com
esa
ying
VE
RB
VE
RB
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CA
DJ
AD
JV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
GR
ND
.A
BS.
OB
L.
LO
C.
INF.
PAR
T.P
T.I
II+
FOC
.E
XT
.D
AT
.N
OM
.IM
PV.2
SG.
INT
.
Whe
nit
blos
som
ed,
athe
rgo
ing
(on)
spea
king
(lik
eth
is),
she
star
ted
sayi
ng,
‘bec
ome
mat
ure
quic
kly’
.
17k
¯eve
lai,
haro
vıka
l,m
iage
tibi
-ai
ha
c
firi
hen
kudu
n.k
¯eve
lai
haro
vıka
lm
iage
tibı
aiha
tfi
rihe
nku
dun
sayi
ngw
hile
mat
ure
beco
me
time
this
one’
sw
hat
wer
ew
ere
they
say
seve
nm
ale
sort
child
ren
VE
RB
NO
UN
AD
JV
ER
BN
OU
ND
PRO
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
CA
RD
AD
JN
OU
NN
OU
N
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
PRE
D.
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.
GE
N.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.E
XT
.A
TT
R.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.N
OM
.PL
.
Whe
nit
beca
me
mat
ure,
athe
rsa
ying
(so)
,sh
ere
ceiv
edse
ven
boys
(lit.
"mal
ech
ildre
n").
18fi
rihe
nku
dun
tibe
,m
im
ıhun
kiav
anna
ebem
unbe
˙ ni-a
i,fi
rihe
nku
dun
tibe
mi
mıh
unki
avan
naeb
emun
be
˙ niai
mal
eso
rtch
ildre
nbe
ing
thes
epe
ople
tole
arn
goin
gaw
ayw
hat
they
said
was
they
say
AD
JN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AT
TR
.O
BL
.N
OM
.PL
.A
BS.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PL
.IN
F.G
RN
D.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.E
XT
.
Whe
nth
eyw
ent
tole
arn,
whi
leth
eyw
ere
(stil
l)bo
ys,
they
said
:
18a
amm
a-ve
,ti
mam
enki
avan
¯eka
laha
reha
kakk
anna
ke.
amm
aev
etim
amen
kiav
agen
¯eka
laha
reha
kakk
anna
kem
othe
rsa
ying
selv
esle
arni
ngco
min
gto
time
curr
yto
cook
sayi
ngN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
(M!)
PRO
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
B
NO
M.
INT
.O
BL
.PL
.A
BS.
III
PAR
T.P
RS.
DA
T.
NO
M.
INF.
AB
S.
‘Mot
her,
’th
eysa
id,
telli
nghe
rto
‘coo
kso
me
curr
yfo
rou
rsel
ves
whe
nw
eco
me
back
from
lear
ning
.’
19ke
fe,
reha
kakk
agen
mia
mi
had
¯alik
ı,ku
dun
ento
bala
nna
mag
oba
lafe
reha
bala
ni-a
i.ke
fere
haka
kkag
enm
iam
iha
d¯a
likı
kudu
nen
toba
lann
am
ago
bala
fere
haba
lanı
aiha
ving
said
curr
yco
okin
gth
ison
eno
wdo
ing
the
way
was
child
ren
com
ing
whe
ther
tolo
okst
reet
look
ing
curr
ylo
okin
gth
eysa
yV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BD
PRO
NA
DV
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
IPA
RT
CV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.I
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IO
BL
.T
EM
P.PA
RT
.PR
S.N
OM
.+FO
C.
NO
M.P
L.
PAR
T.P
RS.
CO
NJ.
INF.
NO
M.
AB
S.I
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
RS.
EX
T.
(At
thei
r)sa
ying
(so)
,sh
eco
oked
the
curr
y,lo
okin
gar
ound
the
stre
etto
see
whe
ther
the
child
ren
cam
eba
ckan
d(a
tth
esa
me
time)
tast
ing
(lit.
"loo
king
")th
ecu
rry.
118 Texts with interlinear analysis
20ha
dam
ungo
ho,
mı
hus
vege
-ai.
hada
mun
goho
mı
hus
vege
aido
ing
goin
gth
isem
pty
beca
me
they
say
VE
RB
VE
RB
DPR
ON
AD
JV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
GR
ND
.A
BS.
NO
M.
PRE
D.
PT.I
V.3
SG.
EX
T.
Doi
ng(s
o)re
peat
edly
,(t
hecu
rry)
beca
me
empt
y.
21hu
sve
goho
hisu
vela
i,ku
dun
bave
kiav
agen
.hu
sve
goho
hisu
vela
iku
dun
baev
eki
avag
enem
pty
beco
min
ggo
ing
bein
gw
hile
child
ren
cam
eth
eysa
yha
ving
lear
ned
AD
JV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
(M!)
VE
RB
PRE
D.
AB
S.A
BS.
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
NO
M.P
L.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
AB
S.II
I
Just
whe
nit
was
beco
min
gem
pty,
the
child
ren
cam
eba
ckfr
omle
arni
ng.
22ah
ogen
kaba
roeh
umm
a,ke
fi-a
i,m
aga
lom
atte
bon
˙ dodı
˙ nia-
ve.
ahog
enka
baro
ehun
ma
kefi
aim
aga
lom
atte
bon
˙ dodı
˙ nia
eve
com
ing
new
sas
king
whe
nw
hat
she
said
was
they
say
big
rock
ofup
onbi
gbi
rdca
me
sayi
ngV
ER
BN
OU
NV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AD
JN
OU
NN
OU
NA
DJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C(M
)
AB
S.II
IN
OM
.O
BL
.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PT
.I+
FOC
.E
XT
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
GE
N.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.PT
.3SG
.IN
T.
Whe
n(t
hey)
cam
ean
das
ked
(the
irm
othe
r)ab
out
new
s,(t
heir
mot
her)
said
,‘t
hebi
gbi
rdca
me
from
upon
the
big
rock
’.
23m
ihe
nm
atte
nem
unam
ma
reha
kakk
afe
hisu
vela
i,re
haet
erah
agu
a
c
lafi
-ai.
mi
hen
mat
ten
emun
amm
are
haka
kkaf
ehi
suve
lai
reha
eter
aha
guak
lafi
aith
isso
rtfr
omup
onco
min
gm
othe
rcu
rry
havi
ngco
oked
bein
gw
hile
curr
yin
toa
drop
ping
itla
idsa
ying
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AT
TR
.O
BL
.A
BL
.G
RN
D.
OB
L.
NO
M.
AB
S.I
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
OB
L.
DA
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
PT.I
.3SG
.IN
T.
Com
ing
from
upon
(the
re)
this
way
,it
laid
adr
oppi
ngin
toth
ecu
rry
(jus
tw
hen
your
)m
othe
rha
dfi
nish
edco
okin
gth
ecu
rry.
24gu
a
c
lage
nm
ıba
n
˙ dun
jaha
lım
a-ve
-ai.
guak
lage
nm
ıba
n
˙ dun
jaha
lım
aev
eai
adr
oppi
ngla
ying
this
from
belly
beat
Isa
ying
they
say
NO
UN
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
PPR
ON
QPA
RT
C(M
)Q
PAR
TC
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.II
IN
OM
.A
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.II+
FOC
.N
OM
.IN
T.
EX
T.
Aft
erit
had
laid
the
drop
ping
,I
turn
edth
is(v
esse
l)up
side
dow
n.’
119T6 A ˙like ˙dea derike ˙dea
25be
˙ nam
ige
ha
c
beun
vege
-ai
mı
hifa
nna
duni
dan
˙ diha
dage
nen
na.
be
˙ nam
ige
hat
beun
vege
aim
ıhi
fann
adu
nida
n
˙ diha
dage
nen
nasa
ying
this
ofho
use
seve
nbr
othe
rsw
hat
they
beca
me
was
they
say
this
toca
tch
bow
mak
ing
togo
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
CA
RD
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CD
PRO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
B
AB
S.A
TT
R.
GE
N.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PL
.PA
RT
.PT
.IV
(+FO
C.)
EX
T.
NO
M.
INF.
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IIN
F.
At
(her
)sa
ying
so,
the
seve
nbr
othe
rsof
this
hous
ede
cide
d(l
it."b
ecam
e")
togo
toca
tch
(the
bird
)by
mak
ing
bow
s.
26go
hoem
me
fere
tam
asa
laig
atı
ru
c
laba
nku
ruba
e
˙ dage
nbo
nna
tib
baik
enna
-ve.
goho
emm
efe
reta
mas
ala
igat
ıru
kla
bage
nku
ruba
e
˙ dage
nbo
nna
tibi
baik
ena
eve
goin
gof
all
atfi
rst
who
they
met
with
was
tree
bend
ing
coco
nut
pick
ing
todr
ink
bein
gso
me
peop
lew
ithth
eysa
yV
ER
BA
DV
OR
DV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NC
ON
JQ
PAR
TC
(M)
AB
S.D
AT
.PA
RT
.PT
.III
+FO
C.
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IN
OM
.A
BS.
III
INF.
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.P
L.
SOC
.E
XT
.
On
thei
rw
ay,
they
firs
tof
all
met
with
som
e(p
eopl
e)w
hotr
ied
(lit.
"wer
e")
todr
ink
trea
cle
bybe
ndin
gdo
wn
the
tree
san
dpi
ckin
gth
eco
conu
ts.
27la
igin
ife,
ahaf
i-ai
,M
elia
geha
c
beun
enı
kont
akah
ata
i?la
igin
ife
ahaf
iai
Mel
iage
hat
beun
enı
kont
akah
ata
i?ha
ving
met
wha
tth
eyas
ked
was
they
say
ofM
seve
nbr
othe
rsw
here
they
are
goin
gis
tow
hat
apl
ace
aski
ngV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PNC
AR
DN
OU
NV
ER
BIP
RO
NIP
AR
TC
AB
S.I+
III
PAR
T.P
T.I
(+FO
C.)
EX
T.
GE
N.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.D
AT
.IN
T.
Whe
nth
eym
et(t
hem
),th
eyas
ked
‘whe
rear
eM
.’s
seve
nbo
ysgo
ing?
’
28eh
umm
a,e
mıh
unke
fi-a
i,ti
mam
en¯e
tana
c
tim
ıhun
bala
nıku
ma
c
kera
c
tai?
ehun
ma
em
ıhun
kefi
aitim
amen
¯eta
nak
tim
ıhun
bala
nıku
mak
kera
sta
i?as
king
whe
nth
ose
peop
lew
hat
they
said
was
they
say
(our
)sel
ves
goin
ga
plac
eth
ese
peop
leth
atyo
uar
elo
okin
gw
hat
todo
aski
ngV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PRO
NV
ER
BN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BIP
RO
NV
ER
BIP
AR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PL
.PA
RT
.PT
.I(+
FOC
.)E
XT
.O
BL
.PL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.A
TT
R.
OB
L.P
L.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INF.
INT
.
Whe
nth
ey(w
ere)
aske
d,th
eysa
id,
‘why
are
you
inte
rest
edin
the
plac
e(w
here
)w
ere
we
are
goin
g?’
29be
˙ num
ma
be
˙ nake
fi-a
i,ti
mam
enek
ahi
nibe
˙ ni-a
s,ti
mam
enna
c
enge
-ai
tim
ıhun
ti¯e
tana
c .be
˙ num
ma
be
˙ nake
fiai
timam
enek
ahi
nibe
˙ nias
timam
enna
c
enge
aiti
mıh
unti
¯eta
na
c
sayi
ngw
hen
sayi
ngw
hat
they
said
was
they
say
(our
)sel
ves
toge
ther
not
told
even
ifto
(our
)sel
ves
iskn
own
sayi
ngth
ese
peop
leth
ere
goin
ga
plac
eV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PRO
NC
AR
DPA
RT
CV
ER
BC
ON
JPR
ON
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CD
PRO
NN
OU
NA
DV
VE
RB
NO
UN
OB
L.
LO
C.
AB
S.PA
RT
.PT
.I(+
FOC
.)E
XT
.O
BL
.PL
.L
OC
.IN
DE
F.N
EG
.PA
RT
.PT
.M
OD
.D
AT
.PL
.PR
S.3S
G.
INT
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.P
L.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
RS.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
At
(the
ir)
sayi
ng(s
o),
they
answ
ered
,‘e
ven
if(y
ou)
dono
tte
ll(i
t)to
us,
we
will
know
whe
reyo
uar
ego
ing:
120 Texts with interlinear analysis
30ti
mıh
unti
enı,
ma
galo
mat
tebo
n
˙ dodı
˙ nihi
fann
a-ve
-ai.
tim
ıhun
tien
ım
aga
lom
atte
bon
˙ dodı
˙ nihi
fann
aev
eai
thes
epe
ople
ther
ew
here
you
are
goin
gis
big
aro
ckof
upon
big
bird
toca
tch
sayi
ngth
eysa
idD
PRO
NN
OU
NA
DV
VE
RB
AD
JN
OU
NN
OU
NA
DJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C(M
)Q
PAR
TC
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PL
.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
GE
N.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.IN
F.IN
T.
INT
.
You
men
are
goin
gto
catc
hth
ebi
gbi
rdfr
omth
eto
pof
the
big
rock
.
31bo
n
˙ dodı
˙ nihi
fenn
enı,
mi
tane
nru
c
laba
nku
ruba
e
˙ dage
nbo
gen
geka
laki
-ai.
bon
˙ dodı
˙ nihi
fenn
enı
mi
tane
nru
kla
bage
nku
ruba
e
˙ dage
nbo
gen
geka
laki
aibi
gbi
rdw
hen
itw
illbe
catc
habl
eis
this
from
plac
etr
eebe
ndin
gco
conu
tpi
ckin
gdr
inki
nggo
nein
atim
eth
eysa
idA
DJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.FU
T.+
FOC
.A
TT
R.
AB
L.
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IN
OM
.A
BS.
III
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PT
.L
OC
.IN
DE
F.IN
T.
(The
only
way
)th
ebi
gbi
rdw
illbe
catc
habl
e(f
oryo
u),
isw
hen
(lit.
"in
atim
e")
you
go(t
here
afte
r)dr
inki
ngtr
eacl
eby
bend
ing
dow
nth
etr
ees
and
pick
ing
coco
nuts
atth
ispl
ace.
’
32be
˙ nam
im
ıhun
na
c
ven
˙ dive
n
˙ dim
ika
ma
c
nivi
-ai.
be
˙ nam
im
ıhun
nas
ven
˙ dive
n
˙ dim
ika
mas
nivi
aisa
ying
thes
eto
peop
lem
ovin
gm
ovin
gth
isa
fact
not
beca
me
they
say
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
PAR
TC
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.A
TT
R.
DA
T.P
L.
RA
BS.
RA
BS.
NO
M.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
NE
G.
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
At
(the
ir)
sayi
ng(s
o),
they
,al
thou
ghtr
ying
and
tryi
ngdi
dno
tsu
ccee
d(l
it."t
his
did
not
beco
me
afa
ctto
thes
epe
ople
").
33ni
vi-a
s,de
nku
riáh
age
-ai.
nivi
asde
nku
riah
age
aino
tbe
cam
eev
enif
then
furt
her
they
wen
tth
eysa
yPA
RT
CV
ER
BC
ON
JA
DV
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
NE
G.
PAR
T.P
T.
MO
D.
TE
MP.
DA
T.
PT.3
PL.
EX
T.
Eve
nth
ough
they
did
not
succ
eed,
they
wen
ton
fort
h.
34e
vela
i,la
igat
ı,u
fasu
valı
lage
nel
labi
la
c
kan
˙ dage
ndo
hann
ati
b
c
baik
enna
ve.
eve
lai
laig
atı
ufa
suva
lıla
gen
ella
bila
tka
n
˙ dage
ndo
hann
atib
iba
iken
aev
ego
ing
whi
lew
hoth
eym
etw
ithw
asst
ring
??la
ying
thro
win
gbe
tel
cutti
ngto
chew
bein
gso
me
peop
lew
ithth
eysa
yV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NC
ON
JQ
PAR
TC
(M)
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.I
II+
FOC
.O
BL
.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
AB
S.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
INF.
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.P
L.
SOC
.E
XT
.
Whe
nth
eyw
ent
(on)
they
met
with
som
e(p
eopl
e)w
how
ere
tryi
ngto
chew
bete
lle
aves
they
had
cut
byth
row
ing
ast
ring
.
121T6 A ˙like ˙dea derike ˙dea
35m
im
ıhun
n-as
ehı,
Mel
iage
ha
c
beun
-as
enı
kont
akah
ata
i?m
im
ıhun
aseh
ıM
elia
geha
tbe
unas
enı
kont
akah
ata
i?th
ese
peop
leto
ow
hat
they
aske
dw
asof
Mse
ven
brot
hers
too
whe
reth
eyar
ego
ing
isto
wha
tpl
ace
aski
ngD
PRO
NN
OU
NPA
RT
CV
ER
BPN
CA
RD
NO
UN
PAR
TC
VE
RB
IPR
ON
IPA
RT
C
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PL
.M
OD
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
GE
N.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PL
.M
OD
.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.D
AT
.IN
T.
The
sem
ento
oas
ked,
‘whe
rear
eM
.sse
ven
boys
goin
g?’
36eh
umm
a,m
ibe
˙ nı,
tim
amen
¯eta
na
c
tim
ıhun
bala
nıku
ma
c
kera
nna
tai.
ehun
ma
mi
be
˙ nıtim
amen
¯eta
nak
tim
ıhun
bala
nıku
mak
kera
nna
tai
aski
ngw
hen
thes
ew
hat
they
said
was
(our
)sel
ves
goin
ga
plac
eth
ese
peop
leth
atyo
uar
elo
okin
gis
why
todo
aski
ngV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
ND
PRO
NV
ER
BPR
ON
VE
RB
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
IPR
ON
VE
RB
IPA
RT
C
OB
L.
LO
C.
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.O
BL
.PL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.A
TT
R.
OB
L.P
L.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
INF.
INT
.
Whe
nth
ey(w
ere)
aske
d,th
eysa
id,
‘why
are
you
peop
lein
tere
sted
inw
here
we
are
goin
g?’
37be
˙ nake
fi-a
i,ti
mıh
unni
be
˙ ni-a
s,ti
mam
enna
c
tia
enge
-ai
tim
ıhun
¯eta
na
c .be
˙ nake
fiai
tim
ıhun
nibe
˙ nias
timam
enna
tiaen
geai
tim
ıhun
¯eta
nak
sayi
ngw
hat
they
said
was
they
say
thes
epe
ople
not
said
even
ifto
(our
)sel
ves
this
iskn
own
sayi
ngth
ese
peop
lego
ing
apl
ace
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CD
PRO
NN
OU
NPA
RT
CV
ER
BC
ON
JPR
ON
DPR
ON
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
N
AB
S.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
INT
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.P
L.
NE
G.
PAR
T.P
T.
CO
NC
.D
AT
.PL
.N
OM
.PR
S.3S
G.
INT
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.P
L.
PAR
T.P
RS.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
At
(the
ir)
sayi
ng(s
o),
they
said
,‘e
ven
ifyo
udo
not
tell
itto
us,
we
will
know
the
plac
eyo
uar
ego
ing
to.
38ti
mıh
unti
enı
ma
galo
mat
tebo
n
˙ dodı
˙ nihi
fann
a-ve
.ti
mıh
unti
enı
ma
galo
mat
tebo
n
˙ dodı
˙ nihi
fann
aev
eth
ese
peop
leth
ere
whe
reyo
uar
ego
ing
isbi
ga
rock
ofup
onbi
gbi
rdto
catc
hth
eysa
idD
PRO
NN
OU
NA
DV
VE
RB
AD
JN
OU
NN
OU
NA
DJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C(M
)
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PL
.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
GE
N.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.IN
F.IN
T.
You
men
are
goin
gto
catc
hth
ebi
gbi
rdfr
omth
eto
pof
the
big
rock
.
39ti
mıh
unna
c
dı
˙ nihi
fenn
enı,
ufa
sava
lila
gen
bila
c
kan
˙ dage
ndo
hage
nge
mm
a-ve
.ti
mıh
unna
sdı
˙ nihi
fenn
enı
ufa
sava
lila
gen
bila
tka
n
˙ dage
ndo
hage
nge
nm
aev
eth
ese
tope
ople
bird
whe
nit
will
beca
tcha
ble
isst
ring
??us
ing
bete
lcu
tting
chew
ing
goin
gw
hen
they
said
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C(M
)
AT
TR
.D
AT
.PL
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.FU
T.+
FOC
.N
OM
.O
BL
.A
BS.
III
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
III
OB
L.
LO
C.
INT
.
(The
only
way
)yo
uw
illbe
able
toca
tch
the
big
bird
,is
whe
nyo
ugo
(the
reaf
ter)
chew
ing
bete
l(l
eave
s)yo
uha
vecu
tby
usin
ga
stri
ng.’
122 Texts with interlinear analysis
40e
mıh
unbe
˙ ni-a
i,ti
kam
a
c
nive
nneh
e.e
mıh
unbe
˙ niai
tika
mak
nive
nneh
eth
ose
peop
lew
hat
they
said
was
they
say
this
afa
ctno
tw
illbe
com
eD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
DPR
ON
NO
UN
PAR
TC
VE
RB
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PL
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
EX
T.
NO
M.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
NE
G.
FUT
.3SG
.
Tho
sem
en(i
.e.,
the
brot
hers
)sa
id,
‘thi
sw
illno
tbe
poss
ible
(lit.
"will
not
beco
me
afa
ct")
.’
41ke
fe-a
sge
iku
riha
-ve.
kefe
asge
iay
kuri
haev
esa
ying
even
whe
reth
eyw
ent
was
they
say
furt
her
they
say
VE
RB
PAR
TC
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
(M)
AB
S.I
MO
D.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.E
XT
.D
AT
.E
XT
.
Eve
nsa
ying
so,
they
wen
tah
ead.
42¯e
vela
ila
igin
ige-
aira
ba
˙ doka
gen
k¯as
idu
vva
baik
enn-
a.¯e
vela
ila
igin
ige
aira
ba
˙ doka
gen
k¯as
idu
vva
baik
ena
goin
gw
hile
who
they
met
with
was
they
say
r.-f
ish
eatin
gbo
ne(s
)ca
usin
gto
run
som
epe
ople
with
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NC
ON
J
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.I
II+
IV+
FOC
.E
XT
.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
RS.
OB
L.P
L.
SOC
.
Whi
lego
ing
(on)
,th
eym
etw
ithso
me
(peo
ple)
who
wer
eea
ting
raba
˙ do-f
ish
and
thro
win
gth
ebo
nes
(aw
ay).
43m
im
ıhun
ahaf
i-ai
,M
elia
geha
c
beun
enı
kont
anak
aha
tai?
mi
mıh
unah
afi
aiM
elia
geha
tbe
unen
ıko
ntan
akah
ata
i?th
ese
peop
lew
hat
they
aske
dw
asth
eysa
yof
M.
seve
nbr
othe
rsw
here
they
are
goin
gis
tow
hat
plac
eas
king
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPN
CA
RD
NO
UN
VE
RB
IPR
ON
IPA
RT
C
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PL
.PA
RT
.PT
.I+
FOC
.E
XT
.G
EN
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.P
L.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
DA
T.
INT
.
The
sepe
ople
aske
d,‘w
here
are
M.’
sse
ven
boys
goin
g?’
44be
˙ num
ma
kefi
-ai,
tim
amen
¯eta
na
c
bala
nıku
ma
c
kera
nna
tai.
be
˙ nun
ma
kefi
aitim
amen
¯eta
nak
bala
nıku
mak
kera
nna
tai
sayi
ngw
hen
wha
tth
eysa
idw
asth
eysa
y(o
ur)s
elve
sgo
ing
apl
ace
that
you
are
look
ing
isw
hyto
doas
king
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPR
ON
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
IPR
ON
VE
RB
IPA
RT
C
OB
L.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.E
XT
.O
BL
.PL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.IN
F.IN
T.
At
thei
rsa
ying
so,
they
said
,‘w
hyar
eyo
uin
tere
sted
inw
here
we
are
goin
g?’
123T6 A ˙like ˙dea derike ˙dea
45be
˙ num
ma
kefi
-ai,
tim
ıhun
nibe
˙ ni-a
s,¯e
tana
c
tim
amen
nati
aen
ge-a
i.be
˙ nun
ma
kefi
aiti
mıh
unni
be
˙ nias
¯eta
nak
timam
enna
tiaen
geai
sayi
ngw
hen
wha
tth
eysa
idw
asth
eysa
yth
ese
peop
leno
tsa
idev
enif
goin
ga
plac
eto
(our
)sel
ves
this
iskn
own
sayi
ngV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
DPR
ON
NO
UN
PAR
TC
VE
RB
CO
NJ
VE
RB
NO
UN
PRO
ND
PRO
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.E
XT
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.P
L.
NE
G.
PAR
T.P
T.
CO
NC
.PA
RT
.PR
S.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.D
AT
.PL
.N
OM
.PR
S.3S
G.
INT
.
At
(the
ir)
sayi
ng(s
o),
they
said
,‘e
ven
ifyo
udo
not
tell
itto
us,
we
will
know
the
plac
eyo
uar
ego
ing
to.
46ti
mıh
unti
enı,
ma
galo
mat
tebo
n
˙ dodı
˙ nihi
fann
a-ve
.ti
mıh
unti
enı
ma
galo
mat
tebo
n
˙ dodı
˙ nihi
fann
aev
eth
ese
peop
leth
ere
whe
reyo
uar
ego
ing
isbi
gro
ckof
upon
big
bird
toca
tch
they
said
DPR
ON
NO
UN
AD
VV
ER
BA
DJ
NO
UN
NO
UN
AD
JN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
(M)
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PL
.L
OC
.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
GE
N.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.IN
F.IN
T.
You
men
are
goin
gto
catc
hth
ebi
gbi
rdfr
omth
eto
pof
the
big
rock
.
47ti
hen
goho
gen,
tim
ıhun
na
c
dı
˙ nini
hife
nnen
-ai,
mi
tane
n,ra
ba
˙ doka
fe,
k¯as
idu
vval
age
mm
anu
nfa
hen.
tihe
ngo
hoge
nti
mıh
unna
sdı
˙ nini
hife
nnen
aim
ita
nen
raba
˙ doka
fek
¯asi
duvv
ala
gen
ma
nun
fahe
n
this
sort
bygo
ing
thes
eto
peop
lebi
rdno
tw
illbe
catc
habl
eth
eysa
idth
isfr
ompl
ace
r-fi
shea
ting
bone
sle
tting
gogo
in gw
hen
isno
taf
ter
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
PAR
TC
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NPA
RT
CN
OU
N
AT
TR
.O
BL
.A
BS.
III
AT
TR
.D
AT
.PL
.O
BL
.N
EG
.PA
RT
.FU
T.
INT
.A
TT
R.
AB
L.
NO
M.
AB
S.I
NO
M.
AB
S.II
OB
L.
LO
C.
NE
G.
AB
L.
(If)
this
isw
here
you
are
goin
g,th
isbi
rdw
illno
tbe
catc
habl
eto
you
(peo
ple)
,ex
cept
whe
n(l
it."a
fter
itno
tbe
ing
if")
you
goth
ere
from
this
plac
eaf
ter
eatin
ga
raba
˙ do-f
ish
and
thro
win
gaw
ayth
ebo
nes.
’
48be
˙ nege
n,eb
age-
ai.
be
˙ nege
neb
age
aisa
ying
they
wen
tof
fth
eysa
yV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.II
IPT
.3PL
.E
XT
.
(At
thei
r)sa
ying
(so)
,(t
hese
ven
brot
hers
)w
ent
off.
49ge
kal,
kuri
aha
goho
gen,
fenu
nka
ldı
˙ niın
ıni
kavi
lissa
gehe
dei
fa
c
vıta
ni-a
i.ge
kal
kuri
aha
goho
gen
fenu
nka
ldı
˙ niın
ıni
kavi
lissa
gehe
defa
tvı
tani
aigo
netim
efo
rwar
dgo
ing
appe
arin
gtim
ebi
rdw
here
itsa
tw
asfl
ambo
yant
tree
two
bran
chbe
com
eat
plac
eth
eysa
yV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NC
AR
DN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.
DA
T.
AB
S.II
IO
BL
.L
OC
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.O
BL
.O
BL
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
EX
T.
Whe
nth
eyw
ere
goin
gon
furt
her,
the
bird
appe
ared
(to
them
),si
tting
atth
epl
ace
whe
rea
flam
boya
nttr
eefo
rmed
two
bran
ches
.
124 Texts with interlinear analysis
50in
duve
lai,
duni
dan
˙ dije
hum
ma,
duni
dan
˙ den
rekı
gen
udih
ı-ve
.in
duve
lai
duni
dan
˙ dije
hun
ma
duni
dan
˙ den
rekı
gen
udih
iev
esi
tting
whi
lebo
whi
tting
whe
nfr
ombo
wes
capi
ngit
flew
off
-the
ysa
yV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
(M)
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
OB
L.
OB
L.
LO
C.
AB
L.
AB
S.II
IPT
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Whe
nit
was
shot
atw
ithth
ebo
ww
hile
itw
assi
tting
ther
e,it
flew
away
,(t
hus)
esca
ping
the
bow
(sho
t).
51ud
uhıg
engo
ho,
ege
ha
c
beun
bofi
-ai.
uduh
ıgen
goho
ege
hat
beun
bofi
aifl
ying
goin
gth
atof
hous
ese
ven
brot
hers
itsw
allo
wed
they
say
VE
RB
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
CA
RD
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
AT
TR
.G
EN
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.P
L.
PT.I
.3SG
.E
XT
.
Flyi
ngaw
ay,
itsw
allo
wed
(lit.
"dra
nk")
the
seve
nbr
othe
rsof
that
hous
e.
52m
iva
haka
Mel
iasa
ivıg
engo
amun
goam
ungo
holo
len
ve
˙ t
˙ tıge
-ai
karu
˙ nufo
da
c .m
iva
haka
Mel
iasa
ivıg
engo
amun
goam
ungo
holo
len
ve
˙ t˙ tıge
aika
ru
˙ nufo
dak
this
stor
yto
M.
bein
ghe
ard
cryi
ngcr
ying
goin
gfr
omey
ew
hat
fell
was
they
say
tear
adr
opD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
NO
UN
AT
TR
.N
OM
.D
AT
.A
BS.
III
GR
ND
.G
RN
D.
AB
S.A
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.IV
(+FO
C.)
EX
T.
OB
L.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
Whe
nM
.(’s
daug
hter
)he
ard
abou
tth
isst
ory,
she
wen
tar
ound
cryi
ngan
dcr
ying
,an
da
tear
drop
fell
from
her
eyes
.
53de
ne
karu
˙ nufo
dona
gage
n,fa
c
ke
˙ daka
hae
˙ dage
-ai.
den
eka
ru
˙ nufo
dona
gage
nfa
tke
˙ daka
hae
˙ dage
aith
enth
atte
ardr
oplif
ting
leaf
toa
piec
esh
efi
xed
they
say
AD
VD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
TE
MP.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
OB
L.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
PT.I
V.3
SG.
EX
T.
The
n,ha
ving
take
nup
the
drop
,sh
epu
tit
ona
peac
eof
leaf
.
54e
˙ dafe
,m
ifa
c
ke
˙ dehi
fage
ngo
ho,
e
˙ dafi
-ai
gulie
kiet
erah
a.e
˙ dafe
mi
fat
ke
˙ dehi
fage
ngo
hoe
˙ dafi
aigu
lieki
eter
aha
havi
ngfi
xed
this
leaf
piec
egr
aspi
nggo
ing
whe
resh
epu
tit
was
they
say
ofa
clay
pot
into
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CN
OU
NN
OU
N
AB
S.I
AT
TR
.O
BL
.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
AB
S.PA
RT
.PT
.I(+
FOC
.)E
XT
.G
EN
.IN
DE
F.D
AT
.
Hav
ing
fixe
dit
ther
e,sh
egr
aspe
dth
epi
ece
ofle
af(a
nd)
put
itin
side
acl
aypo
t.
125T6 A ˙like ˙dea derike ˙dea
55fa
c
ke
˙ daka
haka
ru
˙ nufo
doe
˙ dage
ngo
hoin
dole
kena
lda
sila
vali-
ai.
fat
ke
˙ daka
haka
ru
˙ nufo
doe
˙ dage
ngo
hoin
dole
kena
lda
sila
vali
aile
afto
api
ece
tear
drop
fixi
nggo
ing
ofsw
ing
mat
belo
wsh
epu
tth
eysa
yN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
OB
L.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
OB
L.
NO
M.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
GE
N.
OB
L.
LO
C.
PT.I
I.3S
G.
EX
T.
Hav
ing
thus
fixe
dth
ete
ardr
opto
api
ece
ofle
af,
she
put
itun
der
the
mat
ofth
esw
ing
bed.
56de
n,gu
lite
˙ lıgat
-ai.
den
guli
te
˙ lıgat
aith
enpo
tst
arte
dsh
akin
gth
eysa
yA
DV
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
TE
MP.
NO
M.
PT.I
II.3
SG.
EX
T.
The
nth
epo
tst
arte
dsh
akin
g.
57ke
nal
mat
taha
arag
at-a
i.ke
nal
mat
taha
arag
atai
mat
upw
ards
itar
ose
they
say
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
NO
M.
DA
T.
PT.I
II.3
SG.
EX
T.
The
mat
aros
eup
war
d.
58gu
liga
n
˙ dohe
luvı
gat-
ai.
guli
gan
˙ dohe
luvı
gat
aipo
tpi
ece
star
ted
shak
ing
they
say
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
OB
L.
NO
M.
PT.I
II.3
SG.
EX
T.
The
pot
star
ted
shak
ing
(eve
nm
ore)
.
59de
ndu
vas
ke
˙ daku
ngo
ho,
belı
kal
mi
gulie
eter
ein
˙ dole
kena
lda
siot
ıku
duku
daku
-ai.
den
duva
ske
˙ daku
ngo
hobe
lıka
lm
igu
lieet
ere
in
˙ dole
kena
lda
siot
ıku
duku
daku
aith
entim
efr
oma
piec
ego
ing
look
edtim
eth
ispo
tin
side
ofsw
ing
mat
unde
rw
hat
was
islit
tlea
child
they
say
AD
VN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BA
DJ
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
TE
MP.
OB
L.
AB
L.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.PA
RT
.PT
.O
BL
.A
TT
R.
GE
N.
LO
C.
GE
N.
OB
L.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
T.+
FOC
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.I
ND
EF.
(!)
EX
T.
Aft
erso
me
whi
le,
whe
nsh
elo
oked
insi
de,
ther
ew
asa
little
child
inth
ispo
tun
der
the
mat
ofth
esw
ing.
126 Texts with interlinear analysis
60de
nm
iku
dd¯a
naga
gen,
dago
naı-
ai.
den
mi
kudd
¯ana
gage
nda
gona
ıai
then
this
child
liftin
gup
she
care
dfo
rth
eysa
yA
DV
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
TE
MP.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
The
nsh
eto
okth
ech
ildou
tan
dfo
ster
edit.
61m
ihe
ngo
ho,
mi
kudd
¯abo
n
˙ dove
ge-a
i.m
ihe
ngo
hom
iku
dd¯a
bon
˙ dove
geai
this
sort
goin
gth
isch
ildbi
gbe
cam
eth
eysa
yD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BD
PRO
NN
OU
NA
DJ
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AT
TR
.O
BL
.A
BS.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.PR
ED
.PT
.IV
.3SG
.E
XT
.
As
time
pass
edby
(lit.
"goi
ngon
like
this
"),
this
child
grew
up(l
it."b
ecam
eta
ll").
62m
iuah
afi-
ai,
amm
a-ve
,am
mas
ati
ma
nun
fahe
,ku
daku
nilib
un
c
tai?
miu
ahaf
iai
amm
aev
eam
mas
atim
anu
nfa
heku
daku
nilib
unta
i?th
ison
ew
hat
heas
ked
was
they
say
mot
her
-say
ing
tom
othe
rse
lfno
tbe
ing
afte
ra
child
not
was
rece
ived
aski
ngD
PRO
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C(M
)N
OU
NPR
ON
PAR
TC
NO
UN
NO
UN
PAR
TC
VE
RB
IPA
RT
C
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
T.I
(+FO
C.)
EX
T.
NO
M.
INT
.D
AT
.O
BL
.N
EG
.A
BL
.O
BL
.IN
DE
F.N
EG
.PA
RT
.PT
.IN
T.
He
aske
d,‘m
othe
r,di
d(m
y)m
othe
rno
tre
ceiv
ea
child
exce
ptfo
rm
ysel
f(l
it."a
fter
itno
tbe
ing
mys
elf"
)?’
63be
˙ num
ma,
mia
kefi
-ai,
nun-
ai,
tim
asa
libun
-ai
ha
c
firi
hen
kudu
n.be
˙ nun
ma
mia
kefi
ainu
nai
timas
alib
unu
aiha
tfi
rihe
nku
dun
sayi
ngw
hen
this
one
wha
tsh
esa
idw
asth
eysa
yno
sayi
ngto
self
wha
tw
asre
ceiv
edis
sayi
ngse
ven
mal
eso
rtch
ildre
nV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
ND
PRO
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
PAR
TC
QPA
RT
CPR
ON
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CC
AR
DA
DJ
NO
UN
NO
UN
OB
L.
OB
L.
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
T.I
(+FO
C.)
EX
T.
NE
G.
INT
.D
AT
.PA
RT
.PT
.(+
FOC
.)IN
T.
AT
TR
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
NO
M.P
L.
At
his
sayi
ng(s
o),
she
said
,‘y
es(l
it."n
o"),
Idi
dre
ceiv
ese
ven
boys
(bef
ore)
.
64e
ha
c
beun
ma
galo
mat
tebo
n
˙ dodı
˙ nihi
fann
ago
hoge
nve
˙ n
˙ nave
lai
ma
galo
mat
tebo
n
˙ dodı
˙ nie
ha
c
beun
bofi
-ai.
eha
tbe
unm
aga
lom
atte
bon
˙ dodı
˙ nihi
fann
ago
hoge
nve
˙ n
˙ nave
lai
ma
galo
mat
tebo
n
˙ dodı
˙ nie
hat
beun
bofi
aith
ose
seve
nbr
othe
rsbi
ga
rock
onto
pbi
gbi
rdto
catc
hgo
ing
livin
gw
hile
big
aro
ckon
top
big
bird
thos
ese
ven
brot
hers
swal
low
edth
eysa
yD
PRO
NC
AR
DN
OU
NA
DJ
NO
UN
NO
UN
AD
JN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NA
DJ
NO
UN
NO
UN
AD
JN
OU
ND
PRO
NC
AR
DN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AT
TR
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.P
L.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.L
OC
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.
INF.
AB
S.II
IPA
RT
.PR
S.L
OC
.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
LO
C.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.A
TT
R.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.PT
.I.3
SG.
EX
T.
Whe
nth
ose
seve
nbr
othe
rsw
ere
goin
gto
catc
hth
ebi
gbi
rdon
the
big
rock
,th
ebi
gbi
rdon
the
big
rock
swal
low
edth
ose
seve
nbr
othe
rsal
ive.
’
127T6 A ˙like ˙dea derike ˙dea
65e
mıh
unge
vaha
ka
c
net-
ai.
em
ıhun
geva
haka
kne
tai
thos
eof
peop
lene
ws
ther
eis
not
sayi
ngD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AT
TR
.G
EN
.PL
.N
OM
.PR
S.3S
G.
INT
.
The
reis
no(f
urth
er)
new
sab
out
them
(lit.
"tho
sepe
ople
").
66vı
mm
a,da
ri-f
u
˙ lu,
dı
˙ nihi
fann
a
c
goho
gen
nive
nnen
-ai.
vın
ma
dari
-fu
˙ ludı
˙ nihi
fann
ago
hoge
nni
venn
enai
bein
gw
hen
child
bird
toca
tch
goin
gno
tit
will
beco
me
she
said
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
+H
ON
(M.)
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
PAR
TC
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
OB
L.
LO
C.
NO
M.
NO
M.
INF.
AB
S.II
IN
EG
.FU
T.3
SG.
INT
.
Thi
sbe
ing
(so)
,m
ych
ild,
itw
illno
tbe
poss
ible
(lit.
"will
not
beco
me"
)th
atyo
u(t
oo)
mig
htgo
toca
tch
the
bird
.’
67m
ihe
nbe
˙ num
ma,
miu
be
˙ niai
,nu
n-ai
,ti
ma
enna
-ve.
mi
hen
be
˙ num
ma
miu
be
˙ niai
nun
aitim
aen
nave
this
sort
sayi
ngw
hen
this
one
wha
the
said
was
they
say
nosa
ying
self
isto
gosa
ying
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
DPR
ON
VE
RB
QPA
RT
CPA
RT
CQ
PAR
TC
PRO
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
(M)
AT
TR
.O
BL
.O
BL
.L
OC
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.(+
FOC
.)E
XT
.N
EG
.IN
T.
OB
L.
INF.
INT
.
Aft
er(h
er)
sayi
ngso
,(t
hebo
y)sa
id,
‘no,
Iha
veto
gom
ysel
f.’
68ke
fe,
ebag
e-ai
.ke
feeb
age
aiha
ving
said
hew
ent
away
they
say
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.I
PT.3
SG.
EX
T.
Aft
ersa
ying
so,
hew
ent
away
.
69go
ho,
bon
˙ dodı
˙ nika
raha
duni
dan
˙ dija
ham
iuva
˙ t
˙ tage
nm
arag
enka
riva
lga
n
˙ da
c
jaha
gen
dam
afe
gesa
ebag
inag
e-ai
.go
hobo
n
˙ dodı
˙ nika
raha
duni
dan
˙ dija
ham
iuva
˙ t˙ tage
nm
arag
enka
riva
lga
n
˙ dak
jaha
gen
dam
afe
gesa
ebag
inag
eai
goin
gbi
gbi
rdto
neck
bow
hitti
ngth
ison
eca
usin
gto
fall
killi
ngon
neck
rope
api
ece
beat
ing
pulli
ngho
me
heto
okth
eysa
yV
ER
BA
DJ
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
DPR
ON
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.A
TT
R.
OB
L.
DA
T.
NO
M.
AB
S.O
BL
.A
BS.
III
AB
S.II
IL
OC
.O
BL
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.A
BS.
III
AB
S.I
DA
T.
PT.I
V.3
SG.
EX
T.
He
wen
t(t
here
),sh
otw
ithth
ebo
wat
the
thro
atof
the
bird
,ca
used
itto
fall
dow
n,ki
lled
it,tie
da
rope
arou
ndits
neck
and
took
itho
me
bypu
lling
it.
128 Texts with interlinear analysis
70ge
sagi
nego
hoge
n,dı
˙ niba
n
˙ doka
n
˙ dala
,be
lıka
lM
elia
geha
c
beun
tıbı
ke
˙ lena
have
.ge
sagi
nego
hoge
ndı
˙ niba
n
˙ doka
n
˙ dala
belı
kal
Mel
iage
hat
beun
tıbı
ke
˙ lena
haev
eho
me
taki
nggo
ing
bird
belly
cutti
nglo
oked
whe
nof
M.
seve
nbr
othe
rsho
wth
eyw
ere
was
play
ing
they
say
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
PNC
AR
DN
OU
NV
ER
BV
B.N
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
(M)
DA
T.
AB
S.A
BS.
III
OB
L.
NO
M.
AB
S.II
PAR
T.P
T.
OB
L.
GE
N.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PL
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
DA
T.
EX
T.
Hav
ing
take
nit
hom
e,he
cut
the
(bir
d’s)
belly
and
look
edin
side
—(a
nd)
M.’
s(d
augh
ter’
s)se
ven
boys
wer
epl
ayin
g(t
here
).
71de
ne
mıh
unbe
˙ noan
goho
,dı
˙ nen
nuku
tta-
ai.
den
em
ıhun
be
˙ noan
goho
dı
˙ nen
nuku
ttaai
then
thos
epe
ople
adm
onis
hing
goin
gfr
ombi
rdes
cape
dth
eysa
yA
DV
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
TE
MP.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.PL
.A
BS.
III
AB
S.A
BL
.PT
.3PL
.E
XT
.
The
n,th
ose
peop
le,
adm
onis
hed
(by
him
),es
cape
dfr
omth
ebi
rd.
72dı
˙ nika
˙ t
˙ tila
gen
reha
kakk
agen
emm
em
aun
kann
a
c
tiv
vela
iM
elia
gedi
anu
kum
e.dı
˙ nika
˙ t˙ tila
gen
reha
kakk
agen
emm
em
aun
kann
atib
ive
lai
Mel
iage
dia
nuku
me
bird
cutti
ngcu
rry
cook
ing
all
mot
her-
and-
child
toea
tbe
ing
whi
leof
Mda
ught
ergo
esou
tN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
PNN
OU
NV
ER
B
NO
M.
AB
S.II
+II
IN
OM
.A
BS.
III
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PL
.IN
F.PA
RT
.PT
.L
OC
.G
EN
.N
OM
.PR
S.3S
G.
He
(the
n)cu
tth
ebi
rd,
cook
eda
curr
y,an
dju
stw
hen
mot
her-
and-
child
ren
wer
eab
out
toea
t,M
elia
ge’s
daug
hter
wen
tou
t.
73he
dıva
˙ dam
akı,
fem
bon
va
˙ dida
˙ nifo
roaf
i-ai
.he
dıva
˙ dam
akı
fen
bon
va
˙ dida
˙ nifo
roaf
iai
done
am
anne
rw
asw
ater
drin
king
wel
lbu
cket
she
hid
they
say
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
+FO
C.
OB
L.
PAR
T.P
RS.
GE
N.
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
T.I
EX
T.
She
hid
the
buck
etof
the
wel
l(f
rom
)w
here
(the
yus
edto
)dr
ink
wat
er.
74de
n,m
im
ıhun
kage
nnu
kum
e,da
˙ nine
tıge
n,e
vaha
kade
kkum
ma
mia
be
˙ ni-a
i,de
nm
im
ıhun
kage
nnu
kum
eda
˙ nine
tıgen
eva
haka
dekk
unm
am
iabe
˙ niai
then
thes
epe
ople
eatin
ggo
ing
out
buck
etno
tbe
ing
ther
eth
atst
ory
telli
ngw
hen
this
one
wha
tsh
esa
idw
asth
eysa
yA
DV
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VB
.NO
UN
NO
UN
DPR
ON
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
TE
MP.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.PL
.A
BS.
III
AB
S.N
OM
.A
BS.
III
AT
TR
.N
OM
.O
BL
.L
OC
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.(+
FOC
.)E
XT
.
The
n,af
ter
eatin
g,he
rso
ns(l
it."t
hese
peop
le")
cam
eou
tan
dth
ebu
cket
was
not
ther
e;an
dw
hen
they
talk
edab
out
it,sh
e(l
it."t
his
one"
)sa
id,
129T6 A ˙like ˙dea derike ˙dea
74a
mi
hind
eti
mam
enti
va
˙ den
fem
bonı
lem
bıge
ngo
hofe
nga
n
˙ dian
gaja
ha-v
e.m
ihi
nde
timam
enti
va
˙ den
fen
bonı
lem
bıge
ngo
hofe
nga
n
˙ dian
gaja
haev
eth
isat
time
selv
esth
ere
from
wel
lw
ater
how
we
drin
kis
bend
ing
goin
gw
ater
inpi
ece
mou
thhi
tting
she
said
DPR
ON
NO
UN
PRO
ND
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
(M)
AT
TR
.L
OC
.O
BL
.PL
.A
TT
R.
AB
L.
NO
M.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
OB
L.
LO
C.
NO
M.
AB
S.IN
T.
‘now
we
have
todr
ink
wat
erfr
omth
isw
ell
bybe
ndin
gdo
wn
and
putti
ng(l
it."b
eatin
g")
the
mou
thin
the
wat
er.’
75de
n,m
im
ıhun
emm
enek
ıva
˙ daha
lem
bıga
tum
ma
mia
hedı
va
˙ dam
akı
emm
enfu
leau
e
˙ daku
llava
˙ daha
va
˙ t
˙ tali-
ai.
den
mi
mıh
unem
men
ekı
va
˙ daha
lem
bıga
tun
ma
mia
hedı
va
˙ dam
akı
emm
enfu
leat
e
˙ daku
llava
˙ daha
va
˙ t˙ tali
aith
enth
ese
peop
leal
lto
geth
erto
wel
lbe
ndin
gdo
wn
whe
nth
ison
edo
nea
man
ner
was
all
back
hand
putti
ngpu
shin
gto
wel
lsh
edr
oppe
dth
eysa
yA
DV
DPR
ON
NO
UN
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
ND
PRO
NV
ER
BN
OU
NPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
TE
MP.
AT
TR
.O
BL
.PL
.O
BL
.PL
.L
OC
.D
AT
.O
BL
.L
OC
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.+
FOC
.O
BL
.PL
.L
OC
.N
OM
.A
BS.
AB
S.D
AT
.PT
.II.
3SG
.E
XT
.
The
n,w
hen
they
all
toge
ther
fina
llybe
ntdo
wn
toth
ew
ell,
she
put
the
hand
onea
chon
e’s
back
,pu
shed
them
and
caus
edth
emto
fall
into
the
wel
l.
76ha
c
gal
mat
im
atte
nja
hali-
ai.
hat
gal
mat
im
atte
nja
hali
aise
ven
rock
sto
pfr
omto
psh
ehi
tth
eysa
yC
AR
DN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BQ
PAR
TC
AT
TR
.N
OM
.O
BL
.A
BL
.PT
.II.
3SG
.E
XT
.
She
put
seve
nst
ones
onto
p(o
fth
em)
from
abov
e.
77ja
hala
hisu
vela
i,du
vas
ke
˙ daku
ne
tane
nnu
kutı
bon
˙ doha
ulak
-ai.
jaha
lahi
suve
lai
duva
ske
˙ daku
ne
tane
nnu
kutı
bon
˙ doha
ulak
aiha
ving
hit
bein
gw
hile
time
with
api
ece
that
from
plac
ew
hat
cam
eou
tw
asbi
ga
cock
they
say
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
AD
JN
OU
NQ
PAR
TC
AB
S.II
PAR
T.P
T.
LO
C.
OB
L.
AB
L.I
ND
EF.
AT
TR
.A
BL
.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.E
XT
.
Aft
ersh
eha
dpu
t(t
hest
ones
onth
em),
abi
gco
ckca
me
out
ofth
atpl
ace
som
eda
ysaf
ter.
78nu
kum
e,he
diva
˙ dam
akı,
mia
kari
jaha
gen
duvv
agat
-ai.
nuku
me
hedi
va
˙ dam
akı
mia
kari
jaha
gen
duvv
agat
aico
min
gou
tdo
nea
man
ner
was
this
one
onne
ckhi
tting
let
run
away
they
say
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
QPA
RT
C
AB
S.PA
RT
.PT
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.+
FOC
.O
BL
.L
OC
.A
BS.
III
PAR
T.P
T.I
IIE
XT
.
Whe
nhe
cam
eou
t,sh
egr
aspe
d(l
it."h
it")
his
thro
atan
dra
naw
ay.
130 Texts with interlinear analysis
Fig. 1: Findana bon ˙dana (Ibrahım Mansur)
T7: Kaisaki naisa
c
The coconut shell
Fua
c
Mulaku: Mu ˙hammad Sacıd
132 Texts with interlinear analysis
1ta
nke
˙ da
c
kuri
edu
vasv
arak
ihı
sira
dde
hısı
rask
alak
u-ai
.ta
nke
˙ dak
kuri
edu
vasv
arak
ihı
sira
dde
hısı
rask
alak
uai
plac
ea
piec
ebe
fore
ina
peri
odbe
ing
king
dom
wha
tth
ere
was
was
aki
ng-l
ord
they
say
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
QPA
RT
C
OB
L.
OB
L.I
ND
EF.
GE
N.
LO
C.I
ND
EF.
PAR
T.P
RS.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
OB
L.I
ND
EF.
EX
T.
Ina
king
dom
exis
ting
ina
peri
oda
long
time
ago,
ther
ew
asa
king
.
2e
rasg
efan
era
dde-
gee
tani
mi
tani
-ge
vaha
kai-
geba
hu-g
eta
fatu
balla
vann
ave
gen,
era
sgef
ane
radd
e-ge
eta
nim
ita
ni-g
eva
haka
i-ge
bahu
-ge
tafa
tuba
llava
nna
vege
nth
atki
ng’s
that
ofki
ngdo
mth
atof
plac
eth
isof
plac
eof
spea
king
ofla
ngua
gedi
ffer
ence
toca
use
tolo
okbe
com
ing
DPR
ON
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
AT
TR
.O
BL
.A
TT
R.
GE
N.
(M!)
AT
TR
.G
EN
.A
TT
R.
GE
N.
(+M
!)G
EN
.(M
!)G
EN
.(M
!)N
OM
.IN
F.A
BS.
III
Thi
ski
ng,
inor
der
tofi
ndou
tth
edi
ffer
ence
betw
een
the
lang
uage
ssp
oken
here
and
ther
e(l
it."i
nth
ispl
ace
(and
)th
atpl
ace"
)in
his
king
dom
,
2am
ihe
ddev
ıva
˙ dam
akı,
esa
kudu
ruka
kiku
duku
duka
isa
c
hifa
gen
goho
,m
ıhak
ula
vva
mas
ovaf
e,ba
va.
mi
hedd
evı
va
˙ dam
akı
esa
kudu
ruka
kiku
duku
duka
isak
hifa
gen
goho
mıh
aku
lavv
am
asov
afe
bava
now
caus
edto
bedo
neth
ew
ayw
asse
edsm
all
ofa
tree
smal
lsm
all
aco
conu
tgr
aspi
nggo
ing
am
anca
usin
gto
beus
edca
usin
gto
polis
hpl
acin
gA
DV
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
AD
JN
OU
NA
DJ
AD
JN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BV
ER
B
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
T.
NO
M.+
FOC
.O
BL
.A
TT
R.
GE
N.I
ND
EF.
AT
TR
.A
TT
R.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.II
IA
BS.
OB
L.I
ND
EF.
AB
S.A
BS.
IA
BS.
took
ave
rysm
all
coco
nut
from
asm
all-
seed
coco
nut
tree
and,
afte
rha
ving
am
anpo
lish
itfr
omou
tsid
e,he
plac
edit
(bef
ore
him
self
).
3e
kais
igi
nego
ho,
mi
e
˙ dıva
siak
aha.
eka
isi
gine
goho
mi
e
˙ dıva
siak
aha
that
coco
nut
taki
nggo
ing
now
whe
rehe
put
was
toa
bask
etD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BA
DV
VE
RB
NO
UN
AT
TR
.N
OM
.A
BS.
AB
S.T
EM
P.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
DA
T.I
ND
EF.
Aft
erta
king
this
coco
nut,
hepu
tit
ina
bask
et.
4e
˙ dafe
,e
vasi
gine
goho
,m
ibe
vıas
ia
c
mat
te.
e
˙ dafe
eva
sigi
nego
hom
ibe
vıas
iak
mat
teaf
ter
putti
ngth
atba
sket
taki
nggo
ing
now
whe
rehe
plac
edw
asa
tabl
eup
onV
ER
BD
PRO
NN
OU
NV
ER
BV
ER
BA
DV
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
AB
S.I
AT
TR
.N
OM
.A
BS.
AB
S.T
EM
P.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
OB
L.I
ND
EF.
LO
C.
Aft
erpu
tting
it(t
here
),he
took
this
bask
etan
dpu
tit
ona
tabl
e.
133T7 Kaisaki naisa
c
5ba
hisu
va,
eki
tan-
tane
nm
ıhun
gine
goho
gen,
em
ıhun
n-a
sual
um
iku
ravv
anı,
mı
kont
a
c
tai?
bahi
suva
eki
tan-
tane
nm
ıhun
gine
goho
gen
em
ıhun
asu
alu
mi
kura
vvan
ım
ıko
n(e
t)ta
kta
i?hi
ther
caus
ing
tost
and
toge
ther
from
plac
eto
plac
epe
ople
taki
ngby
goin
gth
ose
peop
lew
ithqu
estio
nno
ww
hat
heca
used
tobe
mad
ew
asw
hat
this
isw
hat
ath
ing
aski
ngA
DV
VE
RB
CA
RD
NO
UN
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
DPR
ON
NO
UN
CO
NJ
NO
UN
AD
VV
ER
BD
PRO
NIP
RO
NN
OU
NIP
AR
TC
LO
C.
AB
S.L
OC
.A
BL
.DIS
TR
.PL
.N
OM
.PL
.A
BS.
AB
S.II
IA
TT
R.
OB
L.P
L.
SOC
.N
OM
.T
EM
P.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.N
OM
.+FO
C.
AT
TR
.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.IN
T.
Aft
erpu
tting
itth
ere,
heco
llect
edpe
ople
from
vari
ous
plac
esan
das
ked
toth
ose
peop
leth
equ
estio
n,‘w
hat
(ath
ing)
isth
is?’
6 Fsu
alu
kure
vvum
ma,
a
˙ d
˙ du-a
te
˙ lem
ıhun
mi
be
˙ nanı
,su
alu
kure
vvun
ma
a
˙ d
˙ duat
e
˙ lem
ıhun
mi
be
˙ nanı
ques
tion
caus
ing
tom
ake
afte
rA
˙ d
˙ duat
oll
peop
leno
ww
hat
they
say
isN
OU
NV
B.N
OU
NN
OU
NT
OP
NO
UN
NO
UN
AD
VV
ER
B
NO
M.
OB
L.
LO
C.
OB
L.
OB
L.
OB
L.P
L.
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
Whe
nhe
aske
d(t
his)
ques
tion,
the
peop
lefr
omA
˙ d
˙ duat
oll
said
:
6a Aas
aki
mat
tehi
siva
saki
eter
eo
c
esa
kudu
ruka
kim
asaf
eio
c
kudu
kais
aki
nais
a
c .as
aki
mat
tehi
siva
saki
eter
eot
esa
kudu
ruka
kim
asaf
eiot
kudu
kais
aki
nais
akof
ata
ble
upon
bein
gof
aba
sket
insi
debe
ing
seed
smal
lof
atr
eepo
lishe
dbe
ing
smal
lof
aco
conu
ta
shel
lN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NA
DJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
AD
JN
OU
NN
OU
N
GE
N.I
ND
EF.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
RS.
GE
N.I
ND
EF.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
RS.
OB
L.
AT
TR
.G
EN
.IN
DE
F.A
BS.
IPA
RT
.PR
S.A
TT
R.
GE
N.I
ND
EF.
NO
M.I
ND
EF.
‘(It
is)
ash
ell
ofa
smal
lpo
lishe
dco
conu
tfr
oma
smal
l-se
edco
conu
ttr
ee,
lyin
gin
aba
sket
whi
chst
ands
upon
ata
ble.
’
7 Fhu
vadu
-ate
˙ lem
ıhun
mi
be
˙ nanı
,hu
vadu
ate
˙ lem
ıhun
mi
be
˙ nanı
Huv
adu
atol
lpe
ople
now
wha
tth
eysa
yis
NO
UN
NO
UN
NO
UN
AD
VV
ER
B
OB
L.
OB
L.
OB
L.P
L.
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
The
peop
lefr
omH
uvad
uat
oll
said
(lit.
"say
"):
7a H>a
˙ t
˙ taku
mat
tehu
˙ t
˙ tiva
˙ t
˙ taku
eter
eot
eo
˙ taku
deru
kaku
ma
˙ taif
aiot
eka
u
˙ taku
no
˙ t
˙ teke
.<a
˙ t˙ taku
mat
tehu
˙ t˙ tiva
˙ t˙ taku
eter
eot
eo
˙ taku
deru
kaku
ma
˙ taif
aiot
eka
u
˙ taku
no
˙ t˙ teke
ofa
tabl
eup
onbe
ing
ofa
bask
etin
side
bein
gse
edsm
all
ofa
tree
polis
hed
bein
gof
aco
conu
ta
shel
lN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NA
DJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
GE
N.I
ND
EF.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
RS.
GE
N.I
ND
EF.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
RS.
OB
L.
AT
TR
.G
EN
.IN
DE
F.A
BS.
IPA
RT
.PR
S.G
EN
.IN
DE
F.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.
‘(It
is)
ash
ell
ofa
smal
lpo
lishe
dco
conu
tfr
oma
smal
l-se
edco
conu
ttr
ee,
lyin
gin
aba
sket
whi
chst
ands
upon
ata
ble.
134 Texts with interlinear analysis
8 Fde
nm
ulak
am
ıhun
mi
be
˙ nanı
,de
nm
ulak
am
ıhun
mi
be
˙ nanı
then
(of)
Mul
aku
peop
leno
ww
hat
they
say
isA
DV
NO
UN
NO
UN
AD
VV
ER
B
TE
MP.
OB
L.
OB
L.P
L.
TE
MP.
PAR
T.P
RS.
+FO
C.
The
peop
lefr
om(F
ua
c )M
ulak
usa
id(l
it."s
ay")
:
8a Fas
ieki
mat
tehı
siva
siek
iet
ere
o
c
esa
kudu
ruka
kim
asaf
eka
isak
ina
isak
ai.
asie
kim
atte
hısi
vasi
eki
eter
eot
esa
kudu
ruka
kim
asaf
eka
isak
ina
isak
aiof
ata
ble
upon
bein
gof
aba
sket
insi
debe
ing
seed
smal
lof
atr
eepo
lishe
dof
aco
conu
ta
shel
lN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NA
DJ
NO
UN
VE
RB
NO
UN
NO
UN
GE
N.I
ND
EF.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
RS.
GE
N.I
ND
EF.
LO
C.
PAR
T.P
RS.
OB
L.
AT
TR
.G
EN
.IN
DE
F.A
BS.
IG
EN
.IN
DE
F.N
OM
.IN
DE
F.
‘(It
is)
ash
ell
ofa
smal
lpo
lishe
dco
conu
tfr
oma
smal
l-se
edco
conu
ttr
ee,
lyin
gin
aba
sket
whi
chst
ands
upon
ata
ble.
’
9 Fde
nra
sgef
anu
mi
hisa
baha
gend
avaf
e,de
nna
tıja
ivve
vıka
lvi
da
˙ luve
nı,
den
rasg
efan
um
ihi
saba
hage
ndav
afe
den
natıj
aiv
vevı
kal
vida
˙ luve
nıth
enki
ngth
isto
amou
ntca
usin
gto
bele
adth
enre
sult
caus
ing
tobe
hear
dtim
eut
tera
ntw
hat
hebe
cam
ew
asA
DV
NO
UN
DPR
ON
NO
UN
VE
RB
AD
VN
OU
NV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
NV
ER
B
TE
MP.
OB
L.
AT
TR
.D
AT
.A
BS.
IT
EM
P.N
OM
.PA
RT
.PT
.O
BL
.O
BL
.PA
RT
.PR
S.+
FOC
.
Aft
erle
adin
git
upto
this
poin
t,th
eki
ngle
t(e
very
body
)he
arab
out
the
resu
ltan
dut
tere
d,
9a Fti
bahu
-ge
tafa
tu-g
ete
rein
tim
ahi
ta
c
emm
eri
eti
mi
vıa
˙ d
˙ duba
ha.
tiba
hu-g
eta
fatu
-ge
tere
intim
ahi
tas
emm
eri
eti
mi
vıa
˙ d
˙ duba
hath
isof
lang
uage
ofdi
vers
ityfr
omw
ithin
self
tom
ind
mos
tbe
autif
ulno
ww
hich
has
beco
me
isA
˙ d
˙ dula
ngua
geD
PRO
NN
OU
NN
OU
NN
OU
NPR
ON
NO
UN
AD
VA
DJ
AD
VV
ER
BN
OU
NN
OU
N
AT
TR
.G
EN
.(M
!)G
EN
.(M
!)A
BL
.O
BL
.D
AT
.M
OD
.PR
ED
.T
EM
P.PA
RT
.PT
.+FO
C.
OB
L.
NO
M.
‘With
inth
edi
vers
ityof
thes
ela
ngua
ge(s
),th
eon
ew
hich
has
appe
ared
asth
em
ost
beau
tiful
one
tom
ym
ind,
isth
ela
ngua
geof
A
˙ d
˙ du.’
Short stories
T8: Mu ˙hammad Wa ˙hıd (Ma ˙dulu)
Fini mendamegge ma ˙du hunu
“The warmth of a cool midnight”*
* The original was published in the author’s collective volume Wahıduge Kuruvahakata
c
, Male (Divehi bahai,tarixas xidmat kura qaumı markazu) 1990, 36 ff.; the English translation (by ABDULLAH SAEED KOSHY) waspublished in Finiashi: Heard in the Islands, ed. L. PRUNER, vol. 4, Male 1989, 16 ff.
136 Short stories
1 ⟨helevunı hunu vegenna
c
i madirıge
c
undagula hedi
c
eve.⟩/helevunı hunu vegen-ai madirıge undagula hedi eve\
Awakened by annoying mosquitoes and a feeling of warmth,
2 ⟨
c
enduga
c
i
c
isındelafa
c
i fenunu huvafenuge ma
c
cas visnalımeve.⟩/endugai isındelafai fenunu huvafenuge maccas visnalım eve\
I sat up in bed and thought about the dream I had.
3 ⟨
c
e
c
ves kahala hamajehe huvafenakas nu ve
c
eve.⟩/ek ves kahala hamajehe huvafenakas nu ve eve\
It was nothing meaningful.
4 ⟨fenu
c
a ˙dıga
c
i huri ko ˙tari
c
e
c
ga
c
i, mıhaku has vegen - u ˙leni kos fenuneve.⟩/fenu a ˙dıgai huri ko ˙tariekgai, mıhaku has vegen - u ˙leni kos fenun eve\
A man was suffocating in an underwater room or cabin.
5 ⟨kan ˙duga
c
i duvahe
c
ga
c
i rolukura u ˙lande
c
ga
c
i
c
indevunı tı fenuneve.⟩/kan ˙dugai duvahekgai rolukura u ˙landekgai indevunı tı fenun eve\
I too seemed to be on a vessel rolling heavily on a rough sea.
6 ⟨hitas
c
eri
c
eve.
c
eki rasrasuga
c
i ja
c
samun namaves kan ˙du matıga
c
i u ˙le ta had duvas vı
c
eve.⟩/hitas eri eve eki rasrasugai jassamun namaves kan ˙du matıgai u ˙le ta hat duvas vı eve\
It must have been from the travelling I did during the last seven days from one island to another.
7 ⟨nidunı ma
c
ege
c
asaruta
c
huvafenun ves fennanı ta
c
eve.⟩/nidunı ma ege asarutak huvafenun ves fennanı ta eve\
When I was sleeping, this appeared (to me again) in a dream.
8 ⟨endun teduvegen hus gaya hure beras nukume
c
ja
c
ımeve.⟩/endun teduvegen hus gai-ai hure beras nukumejjaım eve\
I got up, and went outside. I had no shirt on.
9 ⟨
c
irako ˙lu hingafa
c
i huri janare ˙taru ni
c
valafa
c
i vuma
c
eku varas andiri
c
eve.⟩/irako ˙lu hingafai huri janare ˙taru nivvalafai vuma eku varas andiri eve\
Now, the generator was out. Although it was very dark
10 ⟨
c
alikame
c
net rasuga
c
i, taritakun de
c
alikan, fude vare
c
ge
c
a
c
yakas ve
c
eve.⟩/alikamek net rasugai, taritakun de alikan, fude varekge ayyakas ve eve\
the starlight gave sufficient light.
11 ⟨kurimatıga
c
i huri ge
c
e
c
ge undoli he
c
le kan,
c
e undolıge vahun kiya tuli
c
a ˙dun anga
c
i de
c
eve.⟩/kurimatıgai huri geekge undoli helle kan, e undolıge vahun kia tuli a ˙dun angai de eve\
From the opposite house I heard a swing creaking.
12 ⟨hitas
c
eri
c
eve. miharu mi
c
u ˙lenı kiha
c
ire
c
vegen bava
c
eve.⟩/hitas eri eve. miharu mi u ˙lenı kiha irek vegen bava eve\
Curious about the time,
13 ⟨ga ˙di
c
as balalafa
c
i me, handan vı mi ga ˙dıge akuruta
c
hurı di
c
le gotas nun kameve.⟩/ga ˙dias balalafai me, handan vı mi ga ˙dıge akurutak hurı dille gotas nun kam eve\
I glanced at my watch and remembered the numbers were not illuminated.
14 ⟨mıhaku gada ke
c
sunvare
c
ga
c
i ke
c
sa
c
igenfi
c
eve.⟩/mıhaku gada kessunvarekgai kessaigenfi eve\
Someone started coughing uncontrollably
137T8 Mu ˙hammad Wa ˙hıd (Ma ˙dulu): Fini mendamegge ma ˙du hunu
15 ⟨ke
c
sunvaru nu hu
c ˙tigen gos neva hus van
c
u ˙le kahala
c
eve.⟩/kessunvaru nu hu ˙t ˙tigen gos neva hus van u ˙le kahala eve\
as if he was suffocating.
16 ⟨
c
e
c
a ˙das kan nenge
c
eve. ku
c
jaku hela
c
igen ro
c
igenfi
c
eve.⟩/e a ˙das kam nu enge eve. kujjaku helaigen roigenfi eve\
Possibly awakened by the sound, a child began crying. Or, maybe the crying had wakened him.
17 ⟨nidi
c
a ˙dakun
c
anhenaku,
c
un!
c
un!
c
un! kiyan fasa
c
ifi
c
eve.⟩/nidi a ˙dakun anhenaku, un! un! un! kian fasaifi eve\
A woman commenced singing softly.
18 ⟨ke
c
sai ganegen
c
u ˙lunu mıhage ke
c
sun hu
c ˙ti
c
je
c
eve.⟩/kessai ganegen u ˙lunu mıhage kessun hu ˙t ˙tijje eve\
The crying stopped. And the coughing ceased as well.
19 ⟨
c
askanıge dasun kurimatıga
c
i huri faruburıge matıga
c
i
c
isındelumas hinga
c
igenfımeve.⟩/askanıge dasun kurimatıgai huri faruburıge matıgai isındelumas hingaigenfım eve\
I strolled over to sit on the low wall under the eaves.
20 ⟨hitas
c
eri
c
eve.⟩/hitas eri eve\
It came to (my) mind:
21 ⟨hadaha hamahimeneve.⟩/hadaha hamahimen eve\
How quiet it was.
22 ⟨ras nida, fa
c
i hilava ˙lu
c
obum_e kiya vagutakı mi
c
ı ta
c
eve.⟩/ras nida, fai hilava ˙lu obum e kia vagutakı miı ta eve\
This must be the time they say the island sleeps and even footsteps cannot be heard.
23 ⟨faruburi matıga
c
i isinnamun hitas
c
eri
c
eve. kudinna
c
i
c
anhenun miharu tibenı gega
c
i bava
c
eve.⟩/faruburi matıgai isinnamun hitas eri eve. kudinn-ai anhenun miharu tibenı gegai bava eve\
Relaxing I thought of my wife and children at home.
24 ⟨nunı ma
c
ida
c
ita ge
c
as hinga
c
i dane bava
c
eve.⟩/nunı maidaita geas hingai dane bava eve\
Or, maybe they have already moved to my mother-in-law’s.
25 ⟨mi daturas furi
c
iru
c
aharenge diri
c
u ˙lumuge tere
c
as
c
a
c
isfa
c
i vanı, nu visnuma
c
i got dunukurumuge ko ˙ligan ˙de
c
ge vaieve.⟩/mi daturas furi iru aharenge diri u ˙lumuge tereas aisfai vanı, nu visnum-ai got dunu kurumuge
ko ˙ligan ˙dekge vai eve\When I embarked on this tour, my thoughtlessness and inflexibility had aroused stormy winds in my
life.
26 ⟨mi kan van jehunu sabanakı fa
c
isa
c
eve.⟩/mi kan van jehunu sabanakı faisa eve\
Money was the root.
138 Short stories
27 ⟨libe
c
e
c
cakun de ko ˙lu nu je
c
sumuge sababun ma ˙duma ˙dun daranñas taketi nagan jehumugema
c
sala
c
eve.⟩/libe eccakun de ko ˙lu nu jessumuge sababun ma ˙duma ˙dun daraññas taketi nagan jehumuge massala
eve\Our income did not cover our expenses and we borrowed.
28 ⟨
c
e
c
cetıge
c
agas
c
a
c
isfa
c
i va badala
c
i libe
c
e
c
cakun de ko ˙lu je
c
sene vara
c
i nu je
c
sene varu visna nu la
c
i
c
e
c
ceti buneven fesumun, den nikut natıja
c
akı hit hama-nu-jehumeve.⟩/eccetıge agas aisfai va badalai libe eccakun de ko ˙lu jessene varai nu jessene varu visna-nu-lai ecceti
buneven fesumun, den nikut natıjaakı hit hama-nu-jehum eve\Without considering higher costs and insufficient money, I reproached my wife. All sorts of nagging
and unpleasantness resulted.
29 ⟨
c
eki
c
eki šakuva
c
eve.⟩/eki eki šakuva eve\
[All kinds of complaints.]
30 ⟨kudinnas a ˙lalumuga
c
i de mıhunnas ves faru va ku ˙da kurevunı,
c
ekaku
c
anekakas dera kurumugeniyatuga_
c
eve.⟩/kudinnas a ˙lalumugai de mıhunnas ves faru va ku ˙da kurevunı, ekaku anekakas dera kurumuge
niyatugai eve\Just to irritate each other, we both developed a negligent attitude towards our children.
31 ⟨
c
ege huri ha
c
undagulaka
c
i asarutake
c ˙haqıqatuga
c
i ufulanı kudinneve.⟩/ege huri ha undagulak-ai asarutakek ˙haqıqatugai ufulanı kudin eve\
Naturally, they faced great difficulties.
32 ⟨mi kan visna
c
iru ves de mıhun kure
c
ekaku ves ma
c
sala hamaje
c
sumas
c
e
c
tanga
c
i
c
isındela
c
ivahaka da
c
kalumas
c
isnagakas nu keruneve.⟩/mi kan visna iru ves de mıhun kure ekaku ves massala hamajessumas ek tangai isındelai vahaka
dakkalumas isnagakas nu kerun eve\Despite our awareness of this neither of us was courageous enough to sit down and come to a
compromising solution.
33 ⟨
c
aharenge
c
anhenunge mizaju ranga ˙las
c
enge
c
eve.⟩/aharenge anhenunge mizaju ranga ˙las enge eve\
*I know how tough my wife can be.*
34 ⟨
c
etere
c
as fun ˙dufun ˙du viyas beru fusun
c
e
c
bas van hit nu ruhe mizajekeve.⟩/etereas fun ˙dufun ˙du vi-as beru fusun ek bas van hit nu ruhe mizajek eve\
*Even if she breaks inside, she will never reveal it.*
35 ⟨hitas
c
ara_
c
eve.⟩/hitas arai eve\
It was reflected in the affection we had for our children.
36 ⟨
c
aharen
c
aharenge kudin dekevamun
c
a
c
i lotbas mi
c
a
c
ı kon badale
c
bava
c
eve.⟩/aharen aharenge kudin dekevamun ai lobbas mi aı kon badalek bava eve\
We were no longer as close as we once were. Their welcoming smiles and shouts decreased.
37 ⟨
c
ofıhun
c
a
c
is ka
c
igen hamajehila vagutuko ˙luga
c
i jaha sakarata
c
i ku ˙le ku ˙livara
c
i naga maja miharuvanı
c
ehen baiaku kuri kamakas vefa
c
i kahala
c
eve.⟩/ofıhun ais kaigen hamajehila vagutuko ˙lugai jaha sakarat-ai ku ˙le ku ˙livarai naga maja miharu vanı
ehen bayaku kuri kamakas vefai kahala eve\The games and fun we enjoyed playing after my office hours
139T8 Mu ˙hammad Wa ˙hıd (Ma ˙dulu): Fini mendamegge ma ˙du hunu
38 ⟨kudin ves aharenna medu dekenı ma gat kose
c
nuneve. ⟩/kudin ves aharen-ai medu dekenı ma gat kosek nun eve. \
seemed like someone else’s.
39 ⟨hinitun vuma
c
i ba
c
pa
c
e kiyafa
c
i govalun maduvamun
c
a
c
is
c
e
c
ı gega
c
i gengu ˙le kudinnas ve
c
je
c
eve.⟩/hinitun vumai bappa e kiafai govalun maduvamun ais eı gegai gengu ˙le kudinnas vejje eve\
Now, they seemed like my neighbor’s children who come to play at my house.
40 ⟨
c
aharenge mu ˙li ˙hayatas mi
c
a
c
ı kon kahala badale
c
bava
c
eve.⟩/aharenge mu ˙li ˙hayatas mi aı kon kahala badalek bava eve\
Why such a change in my whole life?
41 ⟨
c
aharennas mi vanı kı
c
bava
c
eve.⟩/aharennas mi vanı kık bava eve\
What has happened to me?
42 ⟨aharen mıhaka
c
inı kı
c
ve bava
c
eve.⟩/aharen mıhaka inı kık ve bava eve\
Why did I get married?
43 ⟨demafiri
c
egge bo harukama
c
i ma ˙sla ˙hatu netumun
c
e demafiringe kudinnas mi kahalakeku ˙luntaka
c
i be
c
in ˙safu
c
asarutake
c
kurimati kurun
c
e
c
ı kon kahala hamanujehe kame
c
heyyeve.⟩/de-mafiriekge bo harukam-ai ma ˙sla ˙hatu netumun e de-mafiringe kudinnas mi kahala keku ˙luntak-ai
be in ˙safu asarutakek kurimati kurun eı kon kahala hamanujehe kamek heyo eve\*The injustice done to the children and the pain inflicted upon them by two stubborn people is
senseless.*
44 ⟨mi hisabun hitas vannan fesi madarusı da
c
ura
c
i,
c
eku
c
u ˙lunu
c
ekuverinna
c
i, naga majataka
c
i, hingilobıge meya silsilatakeve.⟩
/mi hisabun hitas vannan fesi madarusı daur-ai, eku u ˙lunu ekuverin-ai, naga majatak-ai, hingilobıge meya silsilatak eve\
Then I recalled my school years, the friends, the good times, and the meaningless love affairs.
45 ⟨
c
e
c
gotakun hada fikure
c
net maja duvasvarekeve.⟩/ek gotakun hada fikurek net maja duvasvarek eve\
Those were the happy and carefree days.
46 ⟨
c
ane
c
gotakun, hada haru dana kame
c
net u ˙levunu da
c
urekeve.⟩/anek gotakun, hada haru dana kamek net u ˙levunu daurek eve\
On the other hand, they were the wasted days.
47 ⟨
c
aharen mi
c
ı mıhuna
c
inna mizajuge mıhe
c
nuneve.⟩/aharen miı mıhuna inna mizajuge mıhek nun eve\
Maybe I am not the marrying kind.
48 ⟨zinma
c
a
c
i vajibutaka
c
i gedoru belehe
c ˙tuma
c
i darin bo ˙du kurumuge mas
c
uli
c
yatu
c
e
c
ı
c
e da
c
uruga
c
ives hitas
c
erumun, fuhikan libe kanta
c
takekeve.⟩/zinma-ai vajibutak-ai gedoru belehe ˙t ˙tum-ai darin bo ˙du kurumuge masuliyyatu eı e daurugai ves
hitas erumun, fuhikan libe kantaktakek eve\I have never liked the responsibilities of maintaining a home and rearing children.
140 Short stories
49 ⟨konme sababaka hedi kurevunu namaves ka
c
iveni
c
enme fahun
c
a
c
is nakamiyabu mi vı
c
ehen vekan nenge
c
eve.⟩/konme sababak-ai hedi kurevunu namaves kaiveni ekme fahun ais nakamiyabu mi vı ehen ve kam
nu enge eve\Maybe that was why my marriage failed.
50 ⟨duruga
c
i huri biya nikagahun va take
c c
uduhigenfi
c
eve.⟩/durugai huri bia nikagahun va takek uduhigenfi eve\
The noise of bats flying out of the big banyon tree some distance away
51 ⟨
c
e vata
c c
e
c
faharaten gova
c
igatuma
c
eku hamahimen danvaruge
c
oman kan ge
c
li
c
je kahala
c
eve.⟩/e vatak ek faharaten govaigatum-ai eku hamahimen damvaruge oman kan gellijje kahala eve\
shattered the midnight silence.
52 ⟨ku
c
li
c
akas berakas ˙tas mıhe
c
ge hunu neva
c
e ˙le kahala hunu kame
c
jehila
c
ifi
c
eve.⟩/kulliakas beraka ˙t ˙tas mıhekge hunu neva e ˙le kahala hunu kamek jehilaifi eve\
Suddenly, I felt warmth, like a person’s breath.
53 ⟨ku ˙dakos jehilun vefa
c
i fahatas emberila
c
ifımeve.⟩/ku ˙da-kos jehilun vefai fahatas emberilaifım eve\
Anxiously, I glanced behind me.
54 ⟨
c
e
c
ves mıhaku neteve.⟩/ekves mıhaku net eve\
Nobody was there,
55 ⟨kurimac
cas munuc
amburanulac
u ˙leni kos nubac
i kunivahec
ge vas nefatugac
i jehic
jec
eve.⟩/kurimaccas munu ambura-nu-la u ˙leni kos nubai kunivahekge vas nefatugai jehijje eve\
but I smelled a foul stench.
56 ⟨kurin
c
in gotas
c
emburili
c
iru, varas ka
c
irıga
c
i mıhaku hu
c ˙tigen
c
ahanna dima
c
as balan hu
c ˙teve.⟩/kurin in gotas emburili iru, varas kairıgai mıhaku hu ˙t ˙tigen ahanna dimaas balan huri eve\
Turning around, I faced a man starring at me.
57 ⟨huriha
c
istasita
c
ko ˙las jehi
c
je
c
eve.⟩/huriha istasitak ko ˙las jehijje eve\
My hair raised
58 ⟨mu ˙li ga
c
in hıbihi naga
c
i finive
c
je
c
eve.⟩/mu ˙li gain hıbihi nagai finivejje eve\
and goosebumps formed all over my body; I became cold,
59 ⟨hit
c
avas vegenfi
c
eve.⟩/hit avas vegenfi eve\
and my heart missed a beat.
60 ⟨faruge qagan ˙de
c
ga
c
i fa
c
ivanuge funnabu
c
anuvala
c
igen
c
in tanun ne
c ˙ti
c
je
c
eve.⟩/faruge qagan ˙dekgai faivanuge funnabu anuvalaigen in tanun ne ˙t ˙tijje eve\
My heels slipped from their supporting stone
61 ⟨kurima
c
cas ve
c ˙ten
c
u ˙lunu kahala
c
eve.⟩/kurimaccas ve ˙t ˙ten u ˙lunu kahala eve\
and I almost fell.
141T8 Mu ˙hammad Wa ˙hıd (Ma ˙dulu): Fini mendamegge ma ˙du hunu
62 ⟨de
c
atun faruburi matıga
c
i
c
at ja
c
sala
c
i hamajehila
c
ifımeve.⟩/de atun faruburi matıgai at jassalai hamajehilaifım eve\
I managed to balance myself with my hands.
63 ⟨kurimatıga
c
i huri mıha
c
aharenge namun govala
c
ifi
c
eve.⟩/kurimatıgai huri mıha aharenge namun govalaifi eve\
Smiling the man addressed me by name.
64 ⟨hınlafa
c
i hunu vanı do
c
e
c
ahalaifi
c
eve.⟩/hıllafai hunu vanı do e ahalaifi eve\
"It is warm, isn’t it?
65 ⟨nidan tiya
c
ot ko ˙tari
c
akı kurin
c
eterege huri tan_e bunñeve.⟩/nidan tiya ot ko ˙tariakı kurin eterege huri tan e buni eve\The room you were sleeping in was the master bedroom.
66 ⟨fen ˙de
c
as
c
endu nereni kos ma fini vane
c
e ves bunela
c
ifi
c
eve.⟩/fen ˙deas endu nereni kos ma fini vane e ves bunelaifi eve\
If you bring the bed onto the veranda, it will be cooler."
67 ⟨ku ˙lu hikifa
c
i va
c
anga
c
ige terega
c
i
c
ot du nere tunfatuga
c
i ka
c
tala
c
i neva
c
e
c
lafa
c
i, tiya
c
ı kaku he
c
ahala
c
ifımeve.⟩/ku ˙lu hikifai va angaige teregai ot du nere tunfatugai kattalai nevaek lafai, tiyaı kaku he ahalaifım
eve\I moistened my lips with my tongue. Taking a deep breath, I asked who he was.
68 ⟨c
enac
ec
cec
bunanc
anga hu ˙luvalumac
eku kurıgac
i duvi kuni vasc
ac
is nefatugac
i jehic
jec
eve.⟩/ena eccek bunan anga hu ˙luvalum-ai eku kurıgai duvi kuni vas ais nefatugai jehijje eve\
When he opened his mouth to speak, I caught a whiff of the same rotten smell.
69 ⟨ma ˙duma ˙du ro ˙li
c
annamun diya dima
c
in,
c
e vas
c
a
c
ı
c
enage ga
c
in kan nunı
c
enage
c
anga
c
in kanyaqına gatas hı vi
c
eve.⟩/ma ˙duma ˙du ro ˙li annamun diya dimain, e vas aı enage gain kam nunı enage angain kam yaqın-a
gatas hı vi eve\From the wind direction, I was almost certain the odor came from either his mouth or his body.
70 ⟨
c
ena bunñeve.⟩/ena buni eve\
He replied,
71 ⟨"tiya ge
c
akı
c
aharenge ge.⟩/"tiya geakı aharenge ge\
"This is my house.
72 ⟨
c
aharenge namakı, nevi ku ˙datu
c
tu."⟩/aharenge namakı, nevi ku ˙datuttu."\
My name is Nevi Kudathuththu."
73 ⟨"
c
e kamaku
c
irako ˙laku
c
ahanne
c
kale
c
e
c
nu deken.⟩/"e kamaku irako ˙laku ahannek kaleek nu deken\
"I did not see you earlier this evening.
74 ⟨
c
aharenge nan
c
engunı kihine
c
?"⟩/aharenge nam engunı kihinek?"\
How do you know my name?"
142 Short stories
75 ⟨"
c
aharen miharu mi
c
u ˙lenı mi ge
c
aku nun.⟩/"aharen miharu mi u ˙lenı mi geaku nun\
"I no longer live here.
76 ⟨mi rasaku ves nun.⟩/mi rasaku ves nun\
Not even on this island.
77 ⟨nan
c
engunu gotakı,
c
aharenge gega
c
i nida mıhunge nan masas
c
engen jehene
c
atı."⟩/nam engunu gotakı, aharenge gegai nida mıhunge nam masas engen jeheneatı."\However, I learned your name because I must know who is sleeping in my house."
78 ⟨"mi rasuga
c
i nu ˙lenña miha danvaru mihen ti danı kon takas?"⟩/"mi rasugai nu u ˙leni-a miha damvaru mihen ti danı kon takas?"\"If you are not living here, why are you strolling around this house?"
79 ⟨"mi danı mudas."⟩/"mi danı mudas."\
"I’m going to the sea."
80 ⟨"miha danvaru!"⟩/"miha damvaru!"\
"At this hour?" I asked.
81 ⟨"kan ˙duge darinnas, mudas di
c
umas
c
ire
c c
ire
c c
ove ta?"⟩/"kan ˙duge darinnas, mudas diumas irek irek ove ta?"\
"For the sons of the sea, is there any set time to go to sea?"
82 ⟨mihen bunefa
c
i
c
ena hinga
c
igenfi
c
eve.⟩/mihen bunefai ena hingaigenfi eve\
Asking this question, he started moving.
83 ⟨
c
aharenge hit hamajehe gote
c
nu vi
c
eve.⟩/aharenge hit hamajehe gotek nu vi eve\
It did not please me.
84 ⟨ša
c
kutake
c
vade
c
je
c
eve.⟩/šakkutakek vadejje eve\Doubts seized my mind.
85 ⟨
c
ena
c
e
c
os danı
c
eve.⟩/ena e os danı eve\
He glided away,
86 ⟨
c
ehen namaves, hingafa
c
e
c
nuneve.⟩/ehen namaves, hingafaek nun eve\
albeit he was not walking
87 ⟨fa
c
igu ˙du va hene
c
hi
c
e
c
nu ve
c
eve.⟩/faigu ˙du va henek hiek nu ve eve\
with his feet on the ground.
88 ⟨
c
andirikamun nengenı kan nenge
c
eve.⟩/andirikamun nu engenı kam nu enge eve\
Was it because I could not see clearly in the dark?
143T8 Mu ˙hammad Wa ˙hıd (Ma ˙dulu): Fini mendamegge ma ˙du hunu
89 ⟨nunekeve.⟩/nunek eve\
No!
90 ⟨
c
enage
c
ate
c
ves fa
c
e
c
ves ˙harakate
c
nu kure
c
eve.⟩/enage atek ves faek ves ˙harakatek nu kure eve\
His limbs were not moving!
91 ⟨
c
e kamaku
c
a
c
is matıga
c
i huregen sohemen da bude
c
hen
c
e
c
os danı
c
eve.⟩/e kamaku ais matıgai huregen sohemen da budek hen e os danı eve\
He glided away like a statue on ice.
92 ⟨mi
c
ı hı va got bava
c
eve.⟩/miı hı va got bava eve\
It appeared like this.
93 ⟨
c
aharenge sekukama hedi hama
c
anna got ve
c
je
c
eve.⟩/aharenge sekukam-ai hedi hama anna got vejje eve\
This must be just an illusion.
94 ⟨fureta
c
e
c c
erı kamas hitun hı kosgen biru gannan masa
c
kat kuratı
c
eve.⟩/furetaek erı kamas hitun hı kosgen biru gannan masakkat kuratı eve\
I nearly laughed at my stupidity and the imaginary ghost I feared.
95 ⟨ku
c
li
c
akas kurin ves vata
c c
uduhigat gahun herigatuma
c
eku huriha vata
c c
uduhigenfi
c
eve.⟩/kulliakas kurin ves vatak uduhigat gahun herigatum-ai eku huriha vatak uduhigenfi eve\
Abruptly the bats flew noisily from the banyon tree again.
96 ⟨ma ˙duma ˙dun
c
ivemun diya ra ˙lutakuge
c
a ˙duge tere
c
in varas bo ˙du ra ˙le
c
gon ˙dudosuge gatakugema
c
cas mugurali
c
a ˙du
c
ivuneve.⟩/ma ˙duma ˙dun ivemun dia ra ˙lutakuge a ˙duge terein varas bo ˙du ra ˙lek gon ˙dudosuge gatakuge maccas
mugurali a ˙du ivun eve\Above the constant sounds of the surf washing the shores, came the boom of a big wave breaking.
97 ⟨
c
e
c
as fahu, huriha
c
a ˙de
c
ken ˙di hamahimen ve
c
je
c
eve.⟩/eas fahu, huriha a ˙dek ken ˙di hamahimen vejje eve\
Then all was still and quiet.
98 ⟨
c
e
c
ves
c
a ˙de
c
netı
c
eve.⟩/ekves a ˙dek netı eve\
There was not one sound even.
99 ⟨ma ˙duma ˙dun
c
e
c
ivenı mıhaku ro
c
a ˙deve.⟩/ma ˙duma ˙dun e ivenı mıhaku ro a ˙du eve\
I heard a man’s faint, weak cry,
100 ⟨balikasi gotakaseve.⟩/balikasi gotakas eve\
101 ⟨kukura hen ves hı ve
c
eve.⟩/kukura hen ves hı ve eve\
sounding more like a whimper.
144 Short stories
102 ⟨ranga ˙las visnali
c
iru
c
e
c
a ˙du
c
e
c
annanı ke
c
sa mıhage
c
a ˙du
c
a
c
i ge
c
a dima
c
inneve.⟩/ranga ˙las visnali iru e a ˙du e annanı kessa mıhage a ˙du ai ge a dimain eve\
Finally, I placed it as coming from the coughing man’s house.
103 ⟨getere
c
as vanna hit ve
c
je
c
eve.⟩/ge-etereas vanna hit vejje eve\
Wanting to go inside the house where I was sleeping
104 ⟨
c
e kamaku fa
c
iga
c
i vare
c
ves neteve.⟩/e kamaku faigai varek ves net eve\
I tried standing up, but my legs were too weak to support me.
105 ⟨teduvan vı
c
eve.⟩/teduvan vı eve\I had to get up
106 ⟨nu ves teduvevuneve.⟩/nu ves teduvevunu eve\but I could not get up.
107 ⟨fahatun
c
ate
c
kon ˙duga
c
i ba
c
vala
c
ifi
c
eve.⟩/fahatun atek kon ˙dugai bavvalaifi eve\
A hand tapped my shoulder from behind.
108 ⟨ha ˙le
c
lava
c
igenfa
c
i faruburi matin fu
c
malevi
c
je
c
eve.⟩/ha ˙lek lavaigenfai faruburi matin fummalevijje eve\
With a shout I sprang off the wall.
109 ⟨"sabas,
c
e kamaku tiyaha jehilun ku ˙da mıhaku ta, ti
c
innanı miha
c
andiri re
c
aku, danvarunukume beruga?"⟩
/"sabas, e kamaku tiyaha jehilun ku ˙da mıhaku ta, ti innanı miha andiri reaku, damvaru nukumeberugai?"\
"Hah! How courageous a man, to sit outside in such a dark night at such a late hour!"
110 ⟨hit te ˙le le
c
barukamunna neva
c
avas vefa
c
i va le
c
bo ˙dukamun de faharaku gudu ve hasi furaneva
c
e
c
lafa
c
i hu
c ˙tamun kahala gotakas bunımeve.⟩/hit te ˙le lek barukamun-ai neva avas vefai va lek bo ˙dukamun de faharaku gudu ve hasi fura nevaek
lafai hu ˙t ˙tamun kahala gotakas bunım eve\My racing heart left me almost breathless. I bent over two or three times, and inhaled deeply. After a
pause, I protested,
111 ⟨"
c
e kamaku va šakıbas sabas. mu ˙lin sihi
c
je.⟩/e kamaku va šakıbas sabas. mu ˙lin sihijje\
"But, Shakeeb, you really startled me.
112 ⟨
c
aharen mi
c
inı .."⟩/aharen mi inı .\
I was here..."
113 ⟨"tiya
c
inı kon fikure
c
ga
c
i kan masas
c
enge
c
e.⟩/tiya inı kon fikurekgai kam masas enge e\
"I know what you’re thinking.
145T8 Mu ˙hammad Wa ˙hıd (Ma ˙dulu): Fini mendamegge ma ˙du hunu
114 ⟨
c
ehen vı ma ta fahatun mıhaku hingafa
c
i
c
a
c
i kan ves nengunı.⟩/ehen vı ma ta fahatun mıhaku hingafai ai kam ves nu engunı\
Wasn’t it because you were so deeply absorbed that you didn’t realise someone was behind you?
115 ⟨
c
e
c
ı bo ˙du fikuru."⟩/eı bo ˙du fikuru\
That indeed is ‘deep thought’."
116 ⟨"nun_e.
c
aharenge kon ˙duga
c
i
c
at li
c
iru
c
aharen
c
inı kı tiya buya fikuraku nun."⟩/nun e. aharenge kon ˙dugai at li iru aharen inı kı tia buya fikuraku nun\
"When you tapped me, I was not thinking about ‘it’."
117 ⟨"den kon fikure
c
ta?"⟩/den kon fikurek ta?\
"Then, what else is there?
118 ⟨hus hasi ba
c
i vı ma hadane gote
c
ge fikuruga ta?"⟩/hus hasi bai vı ma hadane gotekge fikurugai ta?\
Are you planning something since you are single again?"
119 ⟨"nun_e!⟩/nun e!\
"No!
120 ⟨
c
ehene
c
ves nun.⟩/ehenek ves nun\
Not even that.
121 ⟨miharu handan kuran
c
u ˙le
c
u ˙le handane
c
ves nu vi.⟩/miharu handan kuran u ˙le u ˙le handanek ves nu vi\
I can’t remember, now.
122 ⟨hinga getere
c
as.⟩/hinga ge-etereas\
Let’s go in.
123 ⟨kı
c
ta vı, hela
c
igen diya nukutı?"⟩/kık ta vı, helaigen dia nukutı?\
What woke you up and brought you out?"
124 ⟨"magu hingakas nun.⟩/magu hingakas nun\
"It was not to go out for walking."
125 ⟨nidafa
c
i
c
o
c
va nefatuga
c
i jehunu gada kuni vahakun funma
c
igen teduvevunı.⟩/nidafai ovva nefatugai jehunu gada kuni vahakun fummaigen teduvevunı\
"A rotten smell woke me up.
126 ⟨hama tede
c
. kiriya ho ˙du nu levunı.⟩/hama tedek. kiria ho ˙du nu levunı\
I nearly vomited.
127 ⟨hı vanı kuni gabure
c
ge ka
c
irıga
c
i nidan
c
ovevunu hen.⟩/hı vanı kuni gaburekge kairıgai nidan ovevunu hen\
It was like I was sleeping beside a decaying body.
146 Short stories
128 ⟨bu ˙lale
c
ge matıga
c
i kuni vanı kan nenge.⟩/bu ˙lalek ge matıgai kuni vanı kam nu enge\
Maybe a dead cat is decomposing on top of the ceiling."
129 ⟨
c
e hisabas bunevunu
c
iru, getere
c
as vadevi
c
je
c
eve.⟩/e hisabas bunevunu iru, ge-etereas vadevijje eve\
By this time we were inside the house,
130 ⟨
c
e
c
ves kahala kuni vahe
c
neteve.⟩/ekves kahala kuni vahek net eve\
but there was no such smell.
131 ⟨šakıbu ves de faharaku nefat damali
c
eve.⟩/šakıbu ves de faharaku nefat damali eve\Shakeeb even sniffed two or three times.
132 ⟨
c
iturakas kuni bu ˙laluge vahaka
c
e
c
nu dakka
c
eve.⟩/iturakas kuni bu ˙laluge vahakaek nu dakka eve\
We didn’t talk about the dead cat any more.
133 ⟨de mıhun de
c
enduga
c
i
c
osove madamage daturu revifa
c
i va gotun masa
c
kat buravane ta
c
ekiya
c
igen daturuge vahaka fesımeve.⟩/de mıhun de endugai osove madamage daturu revifai va gotun masakkat buravane ta e kiaigen
daturuge vahaka fesım eve\Lying down on the camp cots, we started discussing tomorrow’s busy schedule.
134 ⟨ma ginac
irutakec
nu ve, šakıbuge coman gugurıge ma ˙duma ˙duc
a ˙duc
ac
is kanfatugac
i jehic
jec
eve.⟩/ma gina irutakek nu ve, šakıbuge coman gugurıge ma ˙duma ˙du a ˙du ais kanfatugai jehijje eve\
Soon the sound of Shakeeb’s soft snoring came to my ears.
135 ⟨
c
aharen ves nida to
c
e
c
faratakas
c
emburila
c
ifımeve.⟩/aharen ves nida to ek faratakas emburilaifım eve\
Rolling from one side to the other, I tried to sleep too.
136 ⟨
c
e kamaku vakikame
c
kan kan ˙da
c
a ˙la nenge konme ves kamaka fikuru kuran fesi
c
je
c
eve.⟩/e kamaku vakikamek kam kan ˙da a ˙la nu enge konme ves kamak-ai fikuru kuran fesijje eve\
My mind was strangely troubled with disordered thoughts,
137 ⟨fikuru kureve to mi
c
u ˙lenı kon kamaka kan visnan visnan
c
o
c
va, vı gote
c
nenguneve.⟩/fikuru kureve to mi u ˙lenı kon kamak-ai kam visnan visnan ovva, vı gotek nu engunu eve\
eluding my grasp until I slowly slipped into sleep.
138 ⟨hendunu sa
c
ige mezu ka
c
irı ti
c
ba,
c
ahanna šakıba dima
c
as
c
ato ˙luverin
c
išarat kosla
c
vafa
c
i miti
c
bevi de befulun re u ˙lu
c
vi tane
c
hodan
c
u ˙le
c
u ˙le ves nengun_e bunu
c
vi
c
eve.⟩/hendunu saige mezu kairı tibi-ai, ahann-ai šakıb-ai dimaas ato ˙luverin išarat koslavvafai mi tibbevi
de befulun re u ˙l ˙luvvi tanek hodan u ˙le u ˙le ves nu engunu e bunuvvi eve\While Shakeeb and I were breakfasting with the Atoll Chief, he gestured towards us and said to
everyone, "Somebody told me they could not find these two gentlemen last night."
139 ⟨ehen mıhaku bunñeve.⟩/ehen mıhaku buni eve\
Another man said,
147T8 Mu ˙hammad Wa ˙hıd (Ma ˙dulu): Fini mendamegge ma ˙du hunu
140 ⟨"
c
e de befu ˙lun musimaha duru vı."⟩/e de befu ˙lun musimah-ai duru vı\
"They went mackerel fishing."
141 ⟨"hus bu ˙lıge ganna
c
atiri
c
as ta?"⟩/hus bu ˙lıge ganna atirias ta?\
"Did they go to the spot where they could catch them without bait?"
142 ⟨"nun_e, bu ˙li
c
as sen ˙t jahafa
c
e
c
lıma ganna dima
c
as."⟩/nun e, bu ˙lias sen ˙t jahafa ellıma ganna dimaas\
"No. They went where they can catch it with perfumed hooks."
143 ⟨
c
enmen hıngenfi
c
eve.⟩/ekmen hıngenfi eve\
Everyone laughed at this.
144 ⟨
c
a ˙du ba ˙du ma ˙du valumun
c
ato ˙luverinnas javabu de
c
va gotas katıbu bunu
c
vi
c
eve.⟩/a ˙du ba ˙du ma ˙du valumun ato ˙luverinnas javabu devva gotas katıbu bunuvvi eve\
As the snickering subsided, the island chief remarked,
145 ⟨"
c
e de befu ˙lun
c
avahara le
c
pevı nevi ku ˙datu
c
tu ge ga."
c
ehen mıhaku bunñeve.⟩/e de befu ˙lun avahara leppevı nevi ku ˙datuttu ge ga. ehen mıhaku buni eve\
"Somebody claimed they slept in Nevi Kudathuththu’s house."
146 ⟨"
c
e de befu ˙lun benunfu ˙lu vı gina duvahu fa ˙las huri ge
c
e
c
ga
c
i ti
c
bavan."⟩/e de befu ˙lun benunfu ˙lu vı gina duvahu fa ˙las huri geekgai tibbavan\
"They wanted a place deserted for a long time."
147 ⟨"
c
e
c
ı kı
c
vegen ba?"⟩/eı kık vegen ba?\
"What could be the reason?"
148 ⟨"
c
e
c
ı guguri danmava le
c c
a ˙du gadakamun fare
c
ve
c ˙tun_as
c
ehen mıhakas kame
c
nu vanı
c
erunkamas vatı.⟩
/eı guguri dammava lek a ˙du gadakamun farek ve ˙t ˙tunu-as ehen mıhakas kamek nu vanı erun kamasvatı\
"The reason is that even if a wall breaks because of the loud snoring no one else would get hurt."
149 ⟨
c
ane
c
ka ves hini gan ˙dekeve.⟩/anekka ves hini gan ˙dek eve\
Again another roar.
150 ⟨nevi ku ˙datu
c
tuge nama
c
i, fa ˙lu gege vahaka
c
ige
c
a ˙du
c
ivumun sa
c
i mezuge
c
anga majaluge tere
c
asvanna hit ken ˙di
c
je
c
eve.⟩/nevi ku ˙datuttuge nam-ai, fa ˙lu gege vahakaige a ˙du ivumun sai mezuge anga majaluge tereas vanna
hit ken ˙dijje eve\Hearing Nevi Kudathuththu’s name and the deserted house mentioned, I withdrew from the small talk
around the table
151 ⟨ma ˙duma ˙dun
c
indeve got ve
c
je
c
eve.⟩/ma ˙duma ˙dun indeve got vejje eve\
and became quiet.
148 Short stories
152 ⟨sa
c
in nimigen
c
enmen beras nukutuma
c
eku katıbu dabas gennan to suvalu kosli
c
eve.⟩/sain nimigen ekmen beras nukutum-ai eku katıbu dabas gennan to suvalu kosli eve.⟩
After breakfast, we all left the house. The island chief asked whether to fetch my bag or not.
153 ⟨
c
aharen nan gatımeve.⟩/aharen nam gatım eve\
I was addressed,
154 ⟨
c
e
c
as
c
a ˙lan huri
c
e
c
ceti ves hunnane
c
eve.⟩/eas a ˙lan huri ecceti ves hunnane eve\
"It’s almost packed.
155 ⟨"dabas bala hingava."⟩/dabas bala hingava\
I’ll go with you to get it," I told him thankfully.
156 ⟨de mıhun
c
ekuga
c
i hinga
c
igenfa
c
i katıbu kuren
c
ahalımeve.⟩/de mıhun ekugai hingaigenfai katıbu kuren ahalım eve\
As I walked with Katheeb, I asked,
157 ⟨"nevi ku ˙datu
c
tuge ge fa ˙las lafa
c
i
c
ena mi
c
u ˙lenı kontaku to?"⟩/nevi ku ˙datuttuge ge fa ˙las lafai ena mi u ˙lenı kontaku to?\
"Where is Nevi Kudathuththu living since he left his house deserted?"
158 ⟨"
c
as ta,
c
engi nu la
c
va to?⟩/as ta, engi nu lavva to?\"Oh, you didn’t know?
159 ⟨
c
ena ge
c
lunu fahun bara
c
aharas vure gina duvas ve
c
je."⟩/ena gellunu fahun bara aharas vure gina duvas vejje."\
It’s been 12 years since he was lost."
160 ⟨"ge
c
lunı
c
e."⟩/gellunı e\
"Lost!"
161 ⟨"la
c
ba!
c
e
c
kala ...
c
e
c
kala ... kon bo ˙te
c
to
c
e
c
ı?"⟩/labba! ekkala ... ekkala ... kon bo ˙tek to eı?\
"Yes! That... that... which ship was it?"
162 ⟨"kon bo ˙te
c
?"⟩/kon bo ˙tek?\
"Which ship?" I asked.
163 ⟨"vi
c
sakas divehinna
c
eku ge
c
lifa
c
i ve
c
je nun to bote
c
?"⟩/vissakas divehin-ai eku gellifai vejje nun to botek?\"There was one ship lost with 20 or so Maldivians?"
164 ⟨
c
e bo ˙tuga
c
i ta
c
e ku ˙datu
c
tu vı?"⟩/e bo ˙tugai ta e ku ˙datuttu vı?\
"Was Kudathuththu on that ship?"
165 ⟨"la
c
ba!
c
ena
c
akı
c
ege nevin.⟩/labba! enaakı ege nevin\
"Yes. He was the ship’s captain.
149T8 Mu ˙hammad Wa ˙hıd (Ma ˙dulu): Fini mendamegge ma ˙du hunu
166 ⟨
c
e
c
ı hada mo ˙lu malimı
c
ek_e
c
inge to."⟩/eı hada mo ˙lu malimıek e inge to\
He was a great navigator."
167 ⟨"
c
ehen ta."⟩/ehen ta\"Is it?"
168 ⟨
c
e hisabun
c
aharen katıbu kuren
c
ituru suvalutake
c
kurane benume
c c
ot kamakas nu fenuneve.⟩/e hisabun aharen katıbu kuren ituru suvalutakek kurane benumek ot kamakas nu fenun eve\
From then on, I saw no need to ask further questions.
169 ⟨mıhaku biru gannavalumas rega
c
i revi revuma
c
i,
c
ami
c
la
c
as hedunu moya hitas
c
ara
c
i nafusudeke ladugateve.⟩
/mıhaku biru gannavalumas regai revi revum-ai, amillaas hendunu moya hitas arai nafusu dekeladugat eve\
I felt ashamed at reacting to someone’s attempts to frighten me.
170 ⟨tima
c
as visnalumuge furu ˙satu nu libe konme dan ˙di va ˙le
c
ga
c
i
c
ehen mıhun
c
ege furu ˙satu naga
c
eve.⟩/timaas visnalumuge furu ˙satu nu libe konme dan ˙di va ˙lekgai ehen mıhun ege furu ˙satu naga eve\
Others take advantage of a situation when one cannot think straight.
171 ⟨visnumuge da
c
ira vaki gotakas falu
c
e ˙li
c
je nama tima bumare
c
hen
c
amburala
c
i
c
e mıhun durasgos tibe henı
c
eve.⟩/visnumuge daira vaki gotakas falu e ˙lijje nama tima bumarek hen amburalai e mıhun duras gos
tibe henı eve\Then, they spin a man like a top and back off laughing.
172 ⟨mıge fahun mi kahala lan ˙de
c
duvahaku ves libunaka nu dename hitun cazum kan ˙da
c
e ˙lımeve.⟩/mıge fahun mi kahala lan ˙dek duvahaku ves libunaka nu dename hitun cazum kan ˙da e ˙lım eve\
I pledged to myself that this would never happen to me again.
173 ⟨
c
ami
c
la he
c
va kamuge ma
c
cas
c
etere hasin ru ˙li ves
c
a
c
eve.⟩/amilla hevva kamuge maccas etere hasin ru ˙li ves a eve\
My stupidity irritated me.
174 ⟨mi ru ˙lıge terega
c
i dabahas huriha
c
e
c
ce
c c
a ˙la
c
i zip bandu kosla
c
i dabas baha
c ˙tafa
c
i huri ko ˙lu filagon ˙di matin dabas
c
ufulalımeve.⟩/mi ru ˙lıge teregai dabahas huriha eccek a ˙lai zip bandu koslai dabas baha ˙t ˙tafai huri ko ˙lu fila gon ˙di
matin dabas ufulalım eve\Still angry, I dumped the rest of my things into my bag and closed it.
175 ⟨
c
e vagutu dabahuge dasuga
c
i
c
ot
c
e
c
ce
c
bimas ve
c ˙ti
c
je
c
eve.⟩/e vagutu dabahuge dasugai ot eccek bimas ve ˙t ˙tijje eve\
When I lifted it from the bench where it was placed, something underneath the bag fell on the floor.
176 ⟨guduve negi
c
iru
c
e
c
ı bi
c
luri gan ˙du te ˙li gosfa
c
i va gi
c
ugandaka
c
eku
c
ot fo ˙to
c
ekeve.⟩/guduve negi iru eı billuri gan ˙du te ˙li gosfai va giugandak-ai eku ot fo ˙toek eve\
It was a framed portrait with the glass broken.
177 ⟨fo ˙toga
c
i hurı
c
enme mıhekeve, firihenekeve.⟩/fo ˙togai hurı ekme mıhek eve, firihenek eve\
A man’s picture.
150 Short stories
178 ⟨kitan me
c
andiri re
c
e
c
ga
c
i fenunu namaves mi fo ˙toga
c
i mi va mıha
c
ahannas vanı fenifa
c
eve.⟩/kitan me andiri reekgai fenunu namaves mi fo ˙togai mi va mıha ahannas vanı fenifai eve\
Even though the night was dark, I had seen that man.
179 ⟨vahaka ves vanı da
c
kafa
c
eve.⟩/vahaka ves vanı dakkafai eve\
And, I had talked to him.
180 ⟨ma durakun nuneve.⟩/ma durakun nun eve\Not from a distance,
181 ⟨sifa
c
a
c
i
c
is kosla
c
i munuge ba
c ˙tan
c
enge ha ka
c
irinneve.⟩/sifaai is koslai munuge ba ˙t ˙tan enge ha kairin eve\
but from a place where I could clearly distinguish his shape, height, and even facial features.
182 ⟨katıbu bunu
c
vi
c
eve.⟩/katıbu bunuvvi eve\
Katheeb said,
183 ⟨"mi
c
ı
c
ena
c
enme fahun rasas
c
a
c
i
c
iru, gena
c
i fo ˙to
c
e
c
.⟩/miı ena ekme fahun rasas ai iru, genai fo ˙toek\"He brought this picture the last time he came.
184 ⟨miharu hirafus bura ha ˙di vefa
c
i
c
ot_as
c
ena
c
akı varugada bekale
c
kan mi
c
in ves da
c
ka
c
i de
c
e
c
nunto."⟩
/miharu hirafus bura ha ˙di vefai ot as enaakı varugada bekalek kam miin ves dakkai deek nun to\Even though it’s dusty and old, you can still see he had strong features, can’t you?"
185 ⟨
c
ahannas bunevunı
c
enme lafuzekeve.⟩/ahannas bunevunı ekme lafuzek eve\
I could only reply with one word,
186 ⟨
c
e
c
ı, "la
c
ba"
c
eve.⟩/eı, labba eve\
"Yes!"
T9: ˙Habıba ˙Hussain ˙Habıb
Nimun
“The end”*
* The original was published in Fattura, vol. 82, Male 1985, 43-45; the English translation (by ABDULLAH
SAEED KOSHY) was published in Finiashi: Heard in the Islands, ed. L. PRUNER, vol. 3, Male 1988, 26 ff.
152 Short stories
1 ⟨divehi ra
c
jege
c
a ˙duge cimarat
c
otı varas kulagada gotakas di
c
la
c
a ˙lafa
c
eve.⟩/divehi rajjege a ˙duge cimarat otı varas kulagada gotakas dilla a ˙lafai eve\
The Voice of Maldives building was brightly lit,
2 ⟨ku ˙laku ˙la
c
ige
c
alitakun zınatteri kosfa
c
eve.⟩/ku ˙laku ˙laige alitakun zınatteri kosfai eve\adorned by many kinds of coloured bulbs.
3 ⟨ba
c
e
c
faharu mi zınatterikamas
c
ituru calukamaka jahu genesdenı mu ˙li cimaratas
c
ara
c
igen daratkula
c
eve.⟩/baek faharu mi zınatterikamas ituru calukamak-ai jahu genesdenı mu ˙li cimaratas araigen da ratkula
eve\The decorations were further embellished by the red light oscillating across the entire building.
4 ⟨šarıfu
c
enage ge
c
in nukume ma ˙duma ˙dun hingamun
c
e
c
annanı mi dima
c
aseve.⟩/šarıfu enage gein nukume ma ˙duma ˙dun hingamun e annanı mi dimaas eve\
Shareef walked slowly towards this site
5 ⟨mi
c
ı
c
enage konme re
c
e
c
ge programeve.⟩/miı enage konme reekge program eve\
— this was his every night program,
6 ⟨adeheve!⟩/ades eve!\
alas! —
7 ⟨regan ˙duge ke
c
umas fahu hingalume
c
be
c
vumeve.⟩/regan ˙duge keumas fahu hingalumek bevvum eve\
on his nightly after dinner stroll.
8 ⟨hingalan mi dima
c
as
c
a
c
umeve.⟩/hingalan mi dimaas aum eve\
And, walking, to get in this direction.
9 ⟨mi
c
ı vetuve diya fas
c
aharu
c
sure medu ken ˙dume
c
neti
c
ena kuramun
c
a
c
i kasratekeve.⟩/miı vetuve dia fas ahar-ussure medu ken ˙dumek neti ena kuramun ai kasratek eve\
He had done this for the past five years for exercise.
10 ⟨mi re mi hisabas
c
a
c
umun
c
adi kurimatin vidababu ˙la bokita
c
fenumun reyakı divehi ra
c
jege
c
a ˙dasfanara
c
aharu fure re kan handanas
c
a
c
eve.⟩/mi re mi hisabas aumun adi kurimatin vidababu ˙la bokitak fenumun reakı divehi rajjege a ˙das fanara
aharu fure re kam handanas ai eve\On seeing the decorative lights, he remembered that this was Voice of Maldives’ fifteenth anniversary.
11 ⟨hama
c
ehenme duvahuge
c
avadi neti u ˙lumuga
c
i handanun ka
c
sali dacuvatu ka ˙da medu ves
c
enagexiyalu
c
emburigateve.
c
e
c
onanı
c
ofıhuge mezu matıga
c
eve.⟩/hama ehen-me duvahuge avadi neti u ˙lumugai handanun kassali dauvatu ka ˙da medu ves enage
xiyalu emburigat eve. e onanı ofıhuge mezu matıgai eve\Somewhere on his office desk lay an invitation card forgotten during his busy day.
12 ⟨šarıfu kuriyas hingamun diya
c
eve.⟩/šarıfu kuriyas hingamun dia eve\
Shareef continued on,
153T9 ˙Habıba ˙Hussain ˙Habıb: Nimun
13 ⟨fenna kulagada mu
c
sandi manzaru balamunneve.⟩/fenna kulagada mussandi manzaru balamun eve\
observing the colorful scenery.
14 ⟨namaves
c
enage hamajehifa
c
i va hitas libunı ku
c
li sihumekeve.⟩/namaves enage hamajehifai va hitas libunı kulli sihumek eve\
Suddenly, he was shocked
15 ⟨hama varas ku
c
li
c
akaseve.⟩/hama varas kulliakas eve\
— all of a sudden —
16 ⟨mi kahala calu manzare
c
ge tere
c
in fennane kamas hı ves nu kura kahala sura
c
e
c
fenumunneve.⟩/mi kahala calu manzarekge terein fennane kamas hı ves nu kura kahala suraek fenumun eve\
by seeing an unexpected figure emerge from the splendid tableau.
17 ⟨
c
anhene
c
kan hitas genuva sura
c
ekeve.⟩/anhenek kam hitas genuva suraek eve\
The form seemed like a female.
18 ⟨ša
c
kas vure yaqın kama
c
enage xiyalu ka
c
iri kosli
c
eve.⟩/šakkas vure yaqın kam-ai enage xiyalu kairi kosli eve\
His uncertainty was dispelled
19 ⟨
c
e
c
iru himato ˙li
c
anhene
c
ge sura sıda
c
ena
c
a dima
c
as
c
ade
c
eve.⟩/e iru himato ˙li anhenekge sura sıda ena-ai dimaas ade eve\
as he made out the shape of a slim woman coming directly towards him.
20 ⟨
c
annanı
c
e
c
lemun
c
anna gotakaseve.⟩/annanı ellemun anna gotakas eve\
*and going zigzagging along the street.*
21 ⟨ba
c
e
c
faharu kali
c
a ˙lamun
c
anna hen hı ve
c
eve.⟩/baek faharu kali a ˙lamun anna hen hı ve eve\
22 ⟨šarıfuge samalukan miharu hu
c ˙tifa
c
i
c
e vanı hama
c
ekani kurimatin
c
e
c
anna
c
anhene
c
ge sura
c
a
c
isifa
c
ige ma
c
caseve.⟩/šarıfuge samalukam miharu hu ˙t ˙tifai e vanı hama ekani kurimatin e anna anhenekge sura-ai sifaige
maccas eve\
23 ⟨hingamun
c
anna gotuge ma
c
caseve.⟩/hingamun anna gotuge maccas eve\
24 ⟨fahatuga
c
i divehi ra
c
jege
c
a ˙duge kulagada bokitaka
c
i ni vi di
c
le ran rihi
c
adi nukula
c
ige
c
ali fasfaruda
c
e
c
hen fene
c
eve.⟩/fahatugai divehi rajjege a ˙duge kulagada bokitak-ai ni vi dille ran rihi adi nukulaige ali fas faruda
ekhen fene eve\
25 ⟨namaves šarıfuge lolakas
c
e kulagada faruda,
c
e
c
ves
c
asare
c
nu kuruva
c
eve.⟩/namaves šarıfuge lolakas e kulagada faruda, ekves asarek nu kuruva eve\
No longer aware of the brilliant panorama in the background,
154 Short stories
26 ⟨
c
enage ˙ha
c
iran vefa
c
i va siku ˙dıge huriha samalukame
c
vanı ka
c
iri vamun
c
anna
c
anhen sura
c
igema
c
caseve.⟩/enage ˙hairan vefai va siku ˙dıge huriha samalukamek vanı kairi vamun anna anhen suraige maccas
eve\he focussed on the advancing person.
27 ⟨šarıfuge varas ka
c
iriyas
c
a
c
isfa
c
i
c
e mıhage hingun hu
c ˙ti
c
je
c
eve.⟩/šarıfuge varas kairias aisfai e mıhage hingun hu ˙t ˙tijje eve\
She stopped very close to Shareef,
28 ⟨
c
e
c
ı hasfas netifa
c
i
c
adi ˙si
c ˙hatu ge
c
lifa
c
i
c
istasita
c
hevifa
c
i huri medu cumure
c
ge
c
anhenekeve.⟩/eı hasfas netifai adi ˙si ˙h ˙hatu gellifai istasitak hevifai huri medu cumurekge anhenek eve\
a weak, middle-aged woman, with unkempt hair.
29 ⟨"
c
a ....
c
a ....
c
aharenge darifu ˙lu dusin ta?"⟩/a .... a .... aharenge darifu ˙lu dusin ta?\
"H... h... have you seen my child?"
30 ⟨turuturu
c
a ˙la
c
a ˙la huri zıla
c
a ˙de
c
šarıfuge kanfatuga
c
i jehuneve.⟩/turuturu a ˙laa ˙la huri zıla a ˙dek šarıfuge kanfatugai jehunu eve\
Shareef heard a stuttering piercing voice.
31 ⟨
c
anhene
c
ge
c
a ˙duga
c
i hunna
c
oman,
c
adi ma ˙duma
c
itiri
c
adi kanfatas
c
ara medu ni vi gote
c c
e
c
a ˙dakuneteve.⟩
/anhenekge a ˙dugai hunna oman, adi ma ˙duma itiri adi kanfatas ara medu ni vi gotek e a ˙daku neteve\
That voice was devoid of a woman’s usually smooth, soft, pleasing tones.
32 ⟨"bu .... bune .... bunebala!"⟩/bu .... bune .... bunebala!\
"T... t... tell me!"
33 ⟨
c
anhenmıha šarıfa varas ka
c
iriyas jehilafa baras bunefi
c
eve.⟩/anhenmıha šarıf-ai varas kairias jehilafa baras bunefi eve\
She drew near, demanding loudly.
34 ⟨šarıfas libifa
c
i va ˙ha
c
irankamaka
c
adi
c
e vagutu
c
ena
c
as hadan vı gote
c
nengumuge has kamuga
c
i
c
ena
c
as sikuntuta
c
mini ˙ttakas badalu vegen diya
c
iru ves hurevunı
c
eve.⟩/šarıfas libifai va ˙hairankamak-ai adi e vagutu enaas hadan vı gotek nu engumuge has kamugai
enaas sikuntutak mini ˙ttakas badalu vegen dia iru ves hurevunı eve\Unable to speak, engrossed in the trembling woman before him, Shareef remained silent as seconds
lengthened into minutes.
35 ⟨
c
anga
c
in nu bune hurevunı
c
eve.⟩/angain nu bune hurevunı eve\
36 ⟨kurimatıga
c
i hurevi hurevi huri
c
anhenmıhage nikameti ˙hala
c
i
c
adi
c
e mıhage loluga
c
i va birugetere
c
as ge
c
lifa
c
i hurevunı
c
eve.⟩/kurimatıgai hurevi hurevi huri anhenmıhage nikameti ˙halai adi e mıhage lolugai va biruge tereas
gellifai hurevunı eve\Her eyes reflected horror and something which Shareef could not name.
37 ⟨mi
c
ı ves manma
c
e
c
ge sura
c
eve.⟩/miı ves mammaekge sura eve\
*She was a mother.*
155T9 ˙Habıba ˙Hussain ˙Habıb: Nimun
38 ⟨ge
c
lunu darifu ˙le
c
hoda manma
c
ekeve.⟩/gellunu darifu ˙lek hoda mammaek eve\
*And a mother, anxious for a lost child, never gives up hope.*
39 ⟨
c
e badu na ˙sıbu manma
c
ige karuna hikifa
c
i huri loluge digasa hurahas liyevifa
c
i,
c
adi kurehifa
c
i,
c
evanı duvahaku ves šarıfu nu deke fada mayus kamekeve.⟩
/e badu na ˙sıbu mammaige karuna hikifai huri loluge digasa hurahas lievifai, adi kurehifai, e vanıduvahaku ves šarıfu nu deke fada mayus kamek eve\
Certainly Shareef had never before seen the sorrow embedded in this unfortunate mother’s dried tears.
40 ⟨bireve. hitama
c
eve.⟩/biru eve. hitama eve\
41 ⟨
c
adi varas ku ˙da
c
u
c
mıde
c
ge nivemun da fan ˙du
c
aliko ˙le
c
ves me
c
eve.⟩/adi varas ku ˙da ummıdekge nivemun da fan ˙du aliko ˙lek ves me eve\
Yet, he also saw a fleeting glimmer of hope.
42 ⟨
c
iruko ˙le
c
fahun šarıfas
c
i ˙hsas kurevunı
c
enage kurimatıga
c
i huri
c
anhenmıhage samalukan
c
enagemunun ne
c ˙ti
c
je kameve.⟩/iruko ˙lek fahun šarıfas i ˙hsas kurevunı enage kurimatıgai huri anhenmıhage samalukan enage
munun ne ˙t ˙tijje kam eve\After a while, Shareef noticed the woman’s gaze was not on him,
43 ⟨šarıfuge furagahun fenna manzaras
c
e samalukan hinga
c
je kameve.⟩/šarıfuge furagahun fenna manzaras e samalukan hingajje kam eve\
but directed behind him.
44 ⟨hama
c
e
c
i ˙hsasa
c
eku
c
ena
c
as
c
ivunı
c
a ˙dufasgan ˙dekeve.⟩/hama e i ˙hsas-ai eku enaas ivunı a ˙dufasgan ˙dek eve\
At that moment, he heard a loud noise.
45 ⟨šarıfu
c
emberigateve.⟩/šarıfu emberigat eve\
Spinning around,
46 ⟨ku
c
li
c
akas
c
enage ka ˙li gos hu
c ˙tunı kurimatıga
c
i
c
e
c
vefa
c
i va ba
c
e
c
ge ma
c
caseve.⟩/kulliakas enage ka ˙li gos hu ˙t ˙tunı kurimatıgai ek vefai va baekge maccas eve\
he saw a strange sight. An excited crowd was gathering around something.
47 ⟨ku
c
li
c
akas šarıfu ka
c
irıga
c
i huri
c
anhenmıha
c
e dima
c
as du
c
va
c
igateve.⟩/kulliakas šarıfu kairıgai huri anhenmıha e dimaas duvvaigat eve\
The woman left Shareef and ran towards them.
48 ⟨šarıfu ves haru kos
c
e dima
c
as hinga
c
igateve.⟩/šarıfu ves haru kos e dimaas hingaigat eve\
Bewildered, Shareef followed.
49 ⟨kı
c
vegen kan nengi du
c
va
c
iganemuneve.⟩/kı
c
vegen kam nu engi duvvaiganemun eve\Not knowing, why he ran
50 ⟨
c
e
c
vefa
c
i
c
ot mıhunge tere
c
aseve.⟩/ek vefai ot mıhunge tereas eve\
to the place where people gathered,
156 Short stories
51 ⟨šarıfas fenunı varas
c
adaya xilafu manzarekeve.⟩/šarıfas fenunı varas adai-ai xilafu manzarek eve\
Šarıf realised a very unusual picture,
52 ⟨ku
c
li
c
asarutakakun hit nu tanavas kosli manzarekeve.⟩/kulli asarutakakun hit nu tanavas kosli manzarek eve\
a picture, which was not delightful at all by its unpleasant circumstances:
53 ⟨cumurun 12 varakas
c
aharu ve dane kamas lafa kureve ku
c
je
c c
at ma
c
cas la
c
igen de mıhaku huritaneve.⟩
/cumurun 12 varakas aharu ve dane kamas lafa kureve kujjek at maccas laigen de mıhaku huri taneve\
Two men were picking up a child of about twelve years of age.
54 ⟨šarıfa
c
i ba
c
dalu kuri nikameti
c
anhenmıha
c
a ˙dun
c
a ˙du naga ro taneve.⟩/šarıf-ai baddalu kuri nikameti anhenmıha a ˙dun a ˙du naga ro tan eve\
Shareef saw that the woman, on reaching the scene, began wailing uncontrollably.
55 ⟨
c
isahitaku fuluhunge bayaku
c
a
c
is
c
e tanas hu
c ˙ta
c
ifi ....⟩/isahitaku fuluhunge bayaku ais e tanas hu ˙t ˙taifi ...\
In a few moments, the police arrived in a bus.
56 ⟨fas
c
e ˙li bekale
c
fa
c
i bannava
c
i
c
e de ma
c
in
c
e bahas le
c
ve to masa
c
kat kura
c
va
c
eve.⟩/fas e ˙li bekalek fai bannavai e de main e bahas levve to masakkat kuravva eve\
An officer got down, and then seemed to assist the mother and child into the vehicle.
57 ⟨mi kan hingumuge terega
c
i maruvafa
c
i
c
ot kamas nuvata he netifa
c
i
c
ot kamas šarıfas hı vi ku
c
jagemusu terega
ci
cot
cecce
cšarıfas fenuneve.⟩
/mi kam hingumuge teregai maruvafai ot kamas nuata he netifai ot kamas šarıfas hı vi kujjage musuteregai ot eccek šarıfas fenun eve\
While this was going on, Shareef observed a syringe clenched in the fist of the motionless child.
58 ⟨
c
e
c
ı
c
injekšan jaha sirinjekeve. ....⟩/eı injekšan jaha sirinjek eve ..\
It was an injection syringe.
59 ⟨mıhunge tere
c
in de mıhakas bunevuneve.⟩/mıhunge terein de mıhakas bunevunu eve\
Someone in the crowd gasped,
60 ⟨
c
e
c
ı kocce
c
he
c
yeve.⟩/eı koccek heyo eve\
"What is this?"
61 ⟨hašiš he
c
yeve .........⟩/hašiš heyo eve .\
"Dead? ... Was it heroin?"
62 ⟨maruvı he
c
yeve.⟩/maruvı heyo eve\
T10: cAbdullah ˙Sadiq
Mudarris vantakamuge lobi
“A teacher’s love”*
* The original was published in Fattura 87, Male 1986, 7-12; the English translation (by ABDULLAH SAEED
KOSHY) was published in Finiashi: Heard in the Islands, ed. L. PRUNER, vol. 1, Male 1988, 24 ff.
158 Short stories
1 ⟨vagutakı havıruge vaguteve.⟩/vagutakı havıruge vagutu eve\
It was early in the evening.
2 ⟨ ˙hilmı maruke ˙tas dan ge
c
in nukume
c
je
c
eve.⟩/ ˙hilmı maruke ˙tas dan gein nukumejje eve\Hilmy walked to the market from his house,
3 ⟨ge
c
as benun va ba
c
e
c
taketi gatumas ˙takaeve.⟩/geas benun va baek taketi gatumas ˙takai eve\
to buy some necessities.
4 ⟨
c
ena
c
as maruke ˙tas devunu
c
iru
c
ada
c
ige duvas duvahek_e
c
e
c
gotas
c
e tanga
c
i
c
onna hobo levuma
c
ihalekuge
c
a ˙dun mu ˙li tan vanı gugumalafa
c
eve.⟩/enaas maruke ˙tas devunu iru adaige duvas duvahek e ek gotas e tangai onna hobo levumai halekuge
a ˙dun mu ˙li tan vanı gugumalafai eve\When he reached the market, he heard the usual shouting and noises.
5 ⟨
c
e
c
takun maskiba
c
e
c
genfa
c
i ka
c
irıga
c
i huri ku
c
ja
c
a havalu kosfi
c
eve.⟩/ek takun maskibaek genfai kairıgai huri kujja-ai havalu kosfi eve\
He bought half a dried fish and gave it to the boy near him, his carrier.
6 ⟨
c
ane
c
takun de tin lumbo genfa
c
i
c
ena
c
a ˙havalu kosfi
c
eve.⟩/anek takun de tin lumbo genfai ena-ai ˙havalu kosfi eve\
From another stall he purchased two or three limes
7 ⟨den ˙hilmı gatı mirus ko ˙lekeve. ade! ro mirus ko ˙lekeve.⟩/den ˙hilmı gatı mirus ko ˙lek eve. ade! ro mirus ko ˙lek eve\
and then Hilmy bought some chillies.
8 ⟨
c
e
c
as fahu
c
ena mi ˙srabu jehı daru maruke ˙taseve. ge
c
as daru ko ˙le
c
gannaseve.⟩/eas fahu ena mi ˙srabu jehı daru maruke ˙tas eve. geas daru ko ˙lek gannas eve\
Next, he walked towards where they sold firewood.
9 ⟨"duruve! duruve!⟩/duruve! duruve!\
"Come here! Come here!
10 ⟨mihirı barabaru kani daru."⟩/mihirı barabaru kani daru\
This is the best kaani firewood."
11 ⟨"mi tanun nangava!⟩/mi tanun nangava!\
"Get it here!
12 ⟨
c
a ˙lugan ˙dumen dekas mare
c
demu."⟩/a ˙lugan ˙dumen dekas marek demu\We give a bundle for two ruffias."
13 ⟨"mihirı
c
agu heyo daru.⟩/mihirı agu heyo daru\
"Here are the cheap ones.
159T10 cAbdullah ˙Sadiq: Mudarris vantakamuge lobi
14 ⟨do ˙lakas mare
c
."⟩/do ˙lakas marek\
One-and-a-half ruffia!"
15 ⟨"vakaru ba
c
lava
c
i gannavamu to?"⟩/vakaru ballavai gannavamu to?\"Will you buy coconut trunks?"
16 ⟨"mi dilifila gendavan vı nun to?"⟩/mi dilifila gendavan vı nun to?\
"Why don’t you take some planks from here?"
17 ⟨ ˙hilmı
c
adi ves kuri
c
as hingamun de
c
eve.⟩/ ˙hilmı adi ves kurias hingamun de eve\
Hilmy continued walking ahead,
18 ⟨
c
eki tantan vakivakin balamunneve.⟩/eki tantan vakivakin balamun eve\
looking in different directions at all the firewood.
19 ⟨ ˙hilmı hu
c ˙tunı
c
e tanga
c
i huri magu daru funñe
c
ge ka
c
irıga
c
eve.⟩/ ˙hilmı hu ˙t ˙tunı e tangai huri magu daru fuññekge kairıgai eve\
He stopped near a boy selling magoo firewood.
20 ⟨"kihine
c
daru?"⟩/kihinek daru?\"How much?"
21 ⟨"do ˙lakas mare
c
."⟩/do ˙lakas marek\
"One-and-a-half ruffia."
22 ⟨ ˙hilmı
c
as
c
is
c
e fula
c
i bala
c
ilevi
c
je
c
eve.⟩/ ˙hilmıas is e fulai balailevijje eve\Hilmy stared at the young seller
23 ⟨do ˙lakas marek_e buni ku
c
ja
c
a dima
c
as ranga ˙las bala
c
ilevi
c
je
c
eve.⟩/do ˙lakas marek e buni kujja-ai dimaas ranga ˙las balailevijje eve\
and studied him carefully.
24 ⟨
c
ena
c
as yaqıneve.⟩/enaas yaqın eve\
He was certain
25 ⟨
c
e
c
a ˙dakı konme ves
c
iraku konme ves takun
c
enage kanfatuga
c
i jehifa
c
i va
c
a ˙dekeve.⟩/e a ˙dakı konme ves iraku konme ves takun enage kanfatugai jehifai va a ˙dek eve\
that he had heard this voice another place at another time.
26 ⟨ ˙hilmı bala
c
iluma
c
eku
c
e ku
c
jakas ves mına
c
a
c
i dima
c
as bala
c
ilevi
c
je
c
eve.⟩/ ˙hilmı balailum-ai eku e kujjakas ves mına-ai dimaas balailevijje eve\
Simultaneously, the boy looked up at him.
160 Short stories
27 ⟨hataru ka ˙li hama vuma
c
eku ku ˙da hu
c ˙tume
c c
arali
c
eve.⟩/hataru ka ˙li hama vum-ai eku ku ˙da hu ˙t ˙tumek arali eve\
Their eyes met, and there was a short pause.
28 ⟨
c
e
c
as fahu ade! ....⟩/eas fahu ade! ...\After that, alas!
29 ⟨daru vikkan huri ku
c
jage lolun nırali tan fenunı rıti karuna
c
eve.⟩/daru vikkan huri kujjage lolun nırali tan fenunı rıti karuna eve\
Tears trickled down the boy’s face.
30 ⟨ ˙hilmı varas bo ˙das
c
aja
c
ibu vi
c
eve.⟩/ ˙hilmı varas bo ˙das ajaibu vi eve\
Hilmy was very surprised.
31 ⟨nama ves
c
e tanun diha varakas maru daru genfa
c
i ge
c
in gena
c
i ku
c
ja
c
a ˙havalu kosfi
c
eve.⟩/nama ves e tanun diha varakas maru daru genfai gein genai kujja-ai ˙havalu kosfi eve\
He bought 10 bundles of firewood, and gave them to his carrier to take home.
32 ⟨"kon name
c
ta kiyanı?"⟩/kon namek ta kianı?\"What is your name?"
33 ⟨"nacımu. ˙hilmı
c
akas
c
a ˙lugan ˙du
c
engi
c
e
c
nu la
c
vane. nama ves
c
a ˙lugan ˙das ˙hilmı
c
enge.⟩/nacımu. ˙hilmıakas a ˙lugan ˙du engiek nu lavvane. nama ves a ˙lugan ˙das ˙hilmı enge\
"Naeem. Hilmy won’t know me, but I know Hilmy.
34 ⟨
c
a ˙lugan ˙dakı, ˙hilmıge darivare
c
."⟩/a ˙lugan ˙dakı, ˙hilmıge darivarek\
I was your student."
35 ⟨"
c
aharenge darivarek_e?"⟩/aharenge darivarek e?\
"My student?"
36 ⟨"la
c
ba.
c
a ˙lugan ˙du vaki vı skulge gre ˙d 4C
c
in.⟩/labba. a ˙lugan ˙du vaki vı skulge gre ˙d fosıin\"Yes. I left school when I was in grade 4C.
37 ⟨
c
a ˙lugan ˙duge namakı
c
a ˙hmadu nacımu.⟩/a ˙lugan ˙duge namakı a ˙hmadu nacımu\
My name is Ahmed Naeem.
38 ⟨
c
a ˙lugan ˙das
c
enge, ˙tıcarunnas huri ha kudinge name
c c
engi
c
e
c
nu la
c
vane kan.⟩/a ˙lugan ˙das enge, ˙tıcarunnas huri ha kudinge namek engiek nu lavvane kam\
I understand teachers don’t know all the students’ names.
39 ⟨
c
e gotakı
c
a ˙lugan ˙dumen handan kuran jehifa
c
i
c
onnanı
c
enme tirıhakas ˙tıcarunge nan.⟩/e gotakı a ˙lugan ˙dumen handan kuran jehifai onnanı ekme tirıhakas ˙tıcarunge nam\
We students only have to remember the names of 30 or so teachers.
40 ⟨
c
e
c
a xilafas ˙tıcarunnas handan kura
c
van jehe kudinge cadadu,
c
eta
c
sateka
c
aka gat kurane.⟩/ea xilafas ˙tıcarunnas handan kuravvan jehe kudinge cadadu, etak satekaak-ai gat kurane\
However, teachers must remember hundreds of names.
161T10 cAbdullah ˙Sadiq: Mudarris vantakamuge lobi
41 ⟨vı ma,
c
e huri ha kudinge name
c
handane
c
ves nu kure
c
vane."⟩/vı ma, e huri ha kudinge namek handanek ves nu kurevvane\
You cannot recall them all."
42 ⟨ku
c
li
c
akas
c
ena te ˙ligenfi
c
eve.⟩/kulliakas ena te ˙ligenfi eve\Suddenly the boy jumped
43 ⟨hı vı dire
c
e
c
ce
c c
enage gayas
c
erı henneve.⟩/hı vı direk eccek enage gayas erı hen eve\
as if a live insect climbed on him,
44 ⟨
c
adi
c
e
c
a
c
eku konme ves
c
e
c
ce
c c
enage
c
atun du vegen
c
e dima bin ma
c
cas ve
c ˙ti
c
je
c
eve.⟩/adi ea eku konme ves eccek enage atun du vegen e dima bim maccas ve ˙t ˙tijje eve\
and something fell from his hand.
45 ⟨
c
e
c
ı singire ˙te
c
ge fil ˙tar(u) buri
c
ekeve.⟩/eı singire ˙tekge fil ˙tar(u) buriek eve\
It was a cigarette butt.
46 ⟨
c
e fil ˙tarun vaki vegen
c
e fil ˙taras vure kurin bin ma
c
cas ve
c ˙tifa
c
i
c
otı varas digu hudu
c
a ˙ligan ˙dekeve.⟩/e fil ˙tarun vaki vegen e fil ˙taras vure kurin bim maccas ve ˙t ˙tifai otı varas digu hudu a ˙ligan ˙dek eve\
Near the butt was a long piece of white ash.
47 ⟨"
c
an, miharu handan ve
c
je.⟩/an, miharu handan vejje\
"Yes, I remember, now.
48 ⟨
c
a ˙hmadu nacımu do!"⟩/a ˙hmadu nacımu do!\
You are Ahmed Naeem, aren’t you?"
49 ⟨ ˙hilmı mi
c
a ˙liko ˙las balan hurefa
c
i buneli
c
eve.⟩/ ˙hilmı mi a ˙liko ˙las balan hurefai buneli eve\
Hilmy eyed the cigarette ash.
50 ⟨"kihine
c
vegen ta skulun vaki vı?"⟩/kihinek vegen ta skulun vaki vı?\
"Why did you leave school?"
51 ⟨"promošan ˙tes ˙t dadi ka
c
iri vefa
c
i
c
o
c
va
c
a ˙luganduge manma bali vegen
c
engı ma rasas diya
c
ı.⟩/"promošan ˙tes ˙t dadi kairi vefai ovva a ˙luganduge mamma bali vegen engı ma rasas diaı\
"The promotion test was very close when they informed me my mother was sick, and I knew I must goback to my island.
52 ⟨
c
a ˙lugan ˙das rasas devunu
c
iru manma vanı mi dunye du kura
c
va
c
i
c
ane
c
duniye
c
as daturukura
c
vafa
c
i.⟩/a ˙lugan ˙das rasas devunu iru mamma vanı mi dunie du kuravvai anek dunieas daturu kuravvafai\
When I reached home, my mother had already left this world and gone to the other.
53 ⟨
c
a ˙lugan ˙du vanı
c
enme ku ˙da
c
iru ves lobuveti ba
c
pa
c
e
c
ge
c
ogaveri hiyalun ma ˙hrum vefa
c
i.⟩/a ˙lugan ˙du vanı ekme ku ˙da iru ves lobuveti bappaekge ogaveri hialun ma ˙hrum vefai\
Even as a small child, I was deprived of the love of a father."
162 Short stories
54 ⟨"den heyo." nacımuge lolun fa
c
i bamun da karuna
c
ige de rongas varas gina
c
iru van den balanhurehurefa ˙hilmı
c
e vahaka hu
c ˙tevali
c
eve.⟩/den heyo. nacımuge lolun fai bamun da karuna inge de rongas varas gina iru van den balan
hurehurefa ˙hilmı e vahaka hu ˙t ˙tevali eve\Seeing Naeem’s tears, Hilmy halted his tale with, "Now stop,"
55 ⟨
c
adi xud
c
ena ves
c
is dasas jaha
c
ili
c
eve.⟩/adi xudu ena ves is dasas jahaili eve\
and dropped his gaze.
56 ⟨den ˙hilmı, nacımuge baga mıhasa
c
i
c
a
c
ibu va varas digu vefa
c
i huri tumbu ˙li mati mahas bala
c
ili
c
eve.⟩/den ˙hilmı, nacımuge baga mıhas-ai aibu va varas digu vefai huri tumbu ˙li mati mahas balaili eve\
Hilmy looked at Naeem’s old shirt, his untrimmed moustache and beard,
57 ⟨
c
adi tantanga
c
i foti
c
a ˙la
c
i, rodi
c
aruvafa
c
i huri fa ˙tlunasa
c
i fu ve
c ˙ten ta
c
yaru vefa
c
i huri fa
c
ivanasbalali
c
eve.⟩/adi tantangai foti a ˙lai, rodi aruvafai huri fa ˙tlunas-ai fu ve ˙t ˙ten tayyaru vefai huri faivanas balali eve\
and then at his patched trousers, and slippers, almost worn through.
58 ⟨ku ˙da ves ša
c
ke
c
neteve.⟩/ku ˙da ves šakkek net eve\
There was no doubt
59 ⟨
c
enme fa ˙lukan bo ˙du ˙haqıqatakı " ˙haluge duleve."⟩/ekme fa ˙lukam bo ˙du ˙haqıqatakı ˙haluge dul eve\
His state was miserable at any rate.
60 ⟨"den bunan."⟩/den bunan\
61 ⟨ ˙hilmı
c
ena
c
a dima
c
as balalafa
c
i buneli
c
eve.⟩/ ˙hilmı ena-ai dimaas balalafai buneli eve\
Hilmy glanced at him and said,
62 ⟨"ge
c
as gosfa
c
i vagute
c
libi
c
je nama mi re ha ga ˙di ba
c
i
c
ehakas ha
c
iru
c
aharemen ge
c
as gosla
c
i dı
c
inge!"⟩/geas gosfai vagutek libijje nama mi re ha ga ˙di bai ehakas hairu aharemen geas goslai dı inge!"\"If you have time, after you’ve finished work and gone home, come to my house around 6:30 p.m."
63 ⟨"la
c
ba!"
c
ena
c
ufulun fo ˙lilafa
c
i bunñeve.⟩/labba! ena ufulun fo ˙lilafai buni eve\
"Yes!" he answered, very happily.
64 ⟨fen bova
c
igenfa
c
i va mıhakas fen libene dima
c
as feni
c
je nama
c
e mıhaku
c
e dima
c
as kiha barakasdu
c
va
c
i gannane to
c
eve?⟩/fen bovaigenfai va mıhakas fen libene dimaas fenijje nama e mıhaku e dimaas kiha barakas duvvai
gannane to eve?\If a thirsty man sees a place where he can get water, he will run to that place as fast as possible.
163T10 cAbdullah ˙Sadiq: Mudarris vantakamuge lobi
65 ⟨ban ˙du ha
c
i genfa
c
i va mıhakas ka
c
eti ko ˙le
c
dene mıhaku ve
c
je nama
c
e mıhaku mi dennevimıhaka dima
c
as kiha
c
i barakas du
c
va
c
i gannane to
c
eve?⟩/ban ˙du hai genfai va mıhakas ka eti ko ˙lek dene mıhaku vejje nama e mıhaku mi dennevi mıhak-ai
dimaas kihai barakas duvvai gannane to eve?\If offered food, how fast will a hungry man run to that person?
66 ⟨nacımu vanı,
c
enage
c
e hıteri
c
akas miha varas benun vefa
c
eve.⟩/nacımu vanı, enage e hıteriakas miha varas benun vefai eve\
Naeem was in need of a helper so badly.
67 ⟨nacımu fa
c
i ba hunna ge
c
as gos fen vara la
c
igen ˙hilmımen ge
c
a dima
c
as hinga
c
igatı
c
enage "defayakun" nuneve.⟩
/nacımu fai ba hunna geas gos fen vara laigen ˙hilmımen ge-ai dimaas hingaigatı enage de fayakunnun eve\
Going to where he was staying in Male’, Naeem showered, and then rushed towards Hilmy’s house.Not with his feet,
68 ⟨karakas vure ves haluvi duvelıga
c
i daturu kura mo ˙tosa
c
ikale
c
ga
c
i kahala
c
eve.⟩/karakas vure ves haluvi duvelıgai daturu kura mo ˙tosaikalekgai kahala eve\
he was even faster than a motorcycle or car.
69 ⟨nacımu varas birun hure ˙hilmımen ge dorosi hu ˙luvali
c
eve.⟩/nacımu varas birun hure ˙hilmımen ge dorosi hu ˙luvali eve\
Timidly, Naeem opened Hilmy’s door.
70 ⟨
c
e
c
iru,
c
ena
c
as fenunı dadi den me
c
aka jehen den mi tanga
c
i ku ˙len tibi de ku
c
jaku
c
e ge hanigo ˙literen la
c
igenc
e ko ˙las gos niva va taneve.⟩/e iru, enaas fenunı dadi den meak-ai jehen den mi tangai ku ˙len tibi de kujjaku e ge hanigo ˙li teren
laigen e ko ˙las gos niva va tan eve\Inside, he saw two children disappear into a narrow alleyway.
71 ⟨
c
iru ko ˙le
c
vanden hurelafa
c
i
c
e tanga
c
i huri rangabılakas
c
obali
c
eve.⟩/iru ko ˙lek vanden hurelafai e tangai huri rangabılakas obali eve\
He waited for some time, then pressed the doorbell.
72 ⟨ku
c
li
c
akas medu cumure
c
ge firihenaku mi ko ˙las
c
annatı feni
c
je
c
eve.⟩/kulliakas medu cumurekge firihenaku mi ko ˙las annatı fenijje eve\
Suddenly Naeem saw a middle-aged man approaching him.
73 ⟨
c
ena mun ˙dun
c
aruva jahalafa
c
i huri gotunna
c
i
c
atuga
c
i
c
ot fen de
c
etigan ˙dun
c
ena
c
e
c
a
c
ı gastakasfen den
c
u ˙lefa
c
i kan
c
enge
c
eve.⟩/ena mun ˙dun aruva jahalafai huri gotun-ai atugai ot fen de etigan ˙dun ena e aı gastakas fen den
u ˙lefai kam enge eve\From his tucked up sarong and the watering can in his hand, it was apparent that he was watering the
plants.
74 ⟨"kı
c
kura ku
c
je
c
?"⟩/kık kura kujjek?\
"What do you want?"
75 ⟨" ˙hilmı
c
u ˙lu
c
va to?"⟩/ ˙hilmı u ˙luvva to?\
"Is Hilmy at home?"
164 Short stories
76 ⟨"
c
eba
c
u ˙lu
c
va. mi nan ganelanı. ma ˙du kosla!"⟩/eba u ˙luvva. mi nam ganelanı. ma ˙du kosla!\
"Yes. Wait, I will tell him."
77 ⟨
c
ena
c
e faratas diya ta ma gina
c
ire
c
nu ve, ˙hilmı nukume
c
je
c
eve.⟩/ena e faratas dia ta ma gina irek nu ve, ˙hilmı nukumejje eve.⟩
Not long after that man disappeared, Hilmy came out.
78 ⟨
c
ena
c
isını
c
e ge fen ˙da matıga
c
i huri bo ˙du
c
un ˙do
c
ye
c
ga
c
eve.⟩/ena isını e ge fen ˙da matıgai huri bo ˙du un ˙doyyekga eve\
He sat down on the big swing
79 ⟨
c
isınnamun
c
e tanga
c
i huri digu gon ˙di
c
akas
c
išarat koslafa
c
i nacımuge gatuga
c
i
c
isinnan bunñeve.⟩/isınnamun e tangai huri digu gon ˙diakas išarat koslafai nacımuge gatugai isinnan buni eve\
and showed Naeem a chair.
80 ⟨nacımu
c
e gon ˙dıga
c
i
c
isınde
c
je
c
eve.⟩/nacımu e gon ˙dıgai isındejje eve\
Naeem also sat down.
81 ⟨"kihine
c
ta tiya
c
u ˙le gege kanta
c
?" ˙hilmı
c
un ˙dolıge valuga
c
i vatun hifaha
c ˙talafa
c
i nacıma dima
c
asku ˙da kos lembilafa
c
i
c
ahali
c
eve.⟩/kihinek ta tia u ˙le gege kantak? ˙hilmı un ˙dolıge valugai vatun hifaha ˙t ˙talafai nacım-ai dimaas ku ˙da kos
lembilafai ahali eve\Hilmy held the swing’s rope with his left hand and, slightly bending towards Naeem, asked, "How are
things at the house where you are staying now?"
82 ⟨ ˙hilmı, nacıma dima
c
as balali
c
eve.⟩/ ˙hilmı, nacım-ai dimaas balali eve\
He considered Naeem,
83 ⟨mi faharu la
c
igen
c
in gamıs ranga ˙leve.⟩/mi faharu laigen in gamıs ranga ˙lu eve\noticing that the shirt was a little better,
84 ⟨nama ves giruvanuge
c
eterega
c
i huri da rongun
c
e gamıs donnan vefa
c
i va kama
c
i, konme vessababaka hure nu dovevifa
c
i va kan hama ve
c
eve.⟩/nama ves giruvanuge eteregai huri da rongun e gamıs donnan vefai va kam-ai, konme ves sababak-
ai hure nu dovevifai va kam hama ve eve\but the stain mark on the collar indicated that it needed washing
85 ⟨boluge
c
istasigan ˙du tat vefa
c
i huri hurumunna
c
i munu matıga
c
i huri teyokame
c
ge sababun fenvarafa
c
i
c
e vanı sa
c
iboni ko ˙le
c
ves nu la kan ranga ˙las visne
c
eve.⟩/boluge istasigan ˙du tat vefai huri hurumun-ai munu matıgai huri teyokamekge sababun fen varafai e
vanı saiboni ko ˙lek ves nu la kam ranga ˙las visne eve\and his oily face showed he had not used any soap.
86 ⟨"gege kanta
c
ranga ˙lu." nacımu bunñeve.⟩/gege kantak ranga ˙lu. nacımu buni eve\
"It’s all right," Naeem answered.
87 ⟨"ke
c
in bu
c
ima
c
i
c
anna
c
unuge kanta
c
ves ranga ˙lu.⟩/kein buim-ai annaunuge kantak ves ranga ˙lu\
"Food and clothing are also all right,
165T10 cAbdullah ˙Sadiq: Mudarris vantakamuge lobi
88 ⟨nama ves gega
c
a
c
i gen beruga
c
i kuran jehe masa
c
katun duvalu da hataru dan
c
onnanı furifa."⟩/nama ves gegai-ai gen berugai kuran jehe masakkatun duvalu da hataru dam onnanı furifa\
but a lot of work has to be done at home and outside in the market."
89 ⟨
c
enage vahaka hıvanı te
c
tirıhuge ho ˙ligan ˙de
c
sa ˙lısfahakas ja
c
salafa
c
i huri henneve.⟩/enage vahaka hıvanı tettirıhuge ho ˙ligan ˙dek sa ˙lısfahakas jassalafai huri hen eve\
He related his story as if a 33 rpm record was being played at 45 rpm speed.
90 ⟨"
c
adi ba
c
e
c
rere masa
c
kat hunna gotun nidenı ves
c
egara bara jaha fahun.⟩/adi baek rere masakkat hunna gotun nidenı ves egara bara jaha fahun\
"And, some nights I get to sleep only after 11:00.
91 ⟨
c
a ˙lugan ˙du nu la hiku kiyava hit ve.⟩/a ˙lugan ˙du nu la hiku kiava hit ve\
I would like to learn a lot,
92 ⟨
c
ehen nama ves furatama kamakı ban ˙du furana mu
c
ti kurume
c
nun to."⟩/ehen nama ves furatama kamakı ban ˙du furana mutti kurumek nun to\
but first I have to find a way to eat, don’t I?
93 ⟨mi kahala ge
c
akas mi fe bunı ves
c
ehen vegen.⟩/mi kahala geakas mi fe bunı ves ehen vegen\
That’s why I came to this sort of house.
94 ⟨nama ves miha hisabas diya
c
i ma
c
a ˙lugan ˙dakas dene
c
nu kiyavane kan
c
a ˙lugan ˙das
c
engi
c
je.⟩/nama ves miha hisabas diai ma a ˙lugan ˙dakas denek nu kiavane kam a ˙lugan ˙das engijje\
But, now I know that I cannot learn anything.
95 ⟨
c
e
c
ı
c
a ˙lugan ˙dumen varuge nasıbu dera mıhunnas vevene kame
c
nun kan visni
c
je."⟩/eı a ˙lugan ˙dumen varuge nasıbu dera mıhunnas vevene kamek nun kan visnijje\
Education is not a thing for the unlucky."
96 ⟨nacımuge de lolun
c
e
c
ves hifehe
c ˙tume
c
neti karunata
c
fa
c
i ba
c
igateve.⟩/nacımuge de lolun ekves hifehe ˙t ˙tumek neti karunatak fai baigat eve\
There was no holding back the tears from Naeem’s eyes.
97 ⟨"
c
a ˙lugan ˙dakı mi kahala kame
c
minvaru kura
c
vafa
c
i va mıhakas vı namaka
c
a ˙lugan ˙du
c
e ha ku ˙da
c
iru
c
a ˙lugan ˙duge ba
c
pa
c
e
c
de mi
c
otumuge calamas dature
c
nu kure
c
vıs.⟩/a ˙lugan ˙dakı mi kahala kamek minvaru kuravvafai va mıhakas vı namaka a ˙lugan ˙du e ha ku ˙da iru
a ˙lugan ˙duge bappaek de mi otumuge calamas daturek nu kurevvıs\"If I was a person destined for it, my father would not have left me when I was so young,
98 ⟨
c
adi manma ves
c
e ha ku
c
li gote
c
ga
c
i kalange ra ˙hmatas dature
c
nu kure
c
vıs.⟩/adi mamma ves e ha kulli gotekgai kalange ra ˙hmatas daturek nu kurevvıs\
and my mother also would not have gone to God’s blessings so suddenly.
99 ⟨mi huri ha kame
c
mihen huruma
c
eku ves
c
a ˙lugan ˙du hada kiyava hite
c
ve
c
e.⟩/mi huri ha kamek mihen hurum-ai eku ves a ˙lugan ˙du hada kiava hitek ve e\
But still I like to learn,
100 ⟨ma
c
in bafa
c
in nagafa
c
i duniye matıga
c
i tibe
c
enme gat mıhunnakı kiyava
c
i de mıhun.⟩/main bafain nagafai dunie matıgai tibe ekme gat mıhunnakı kiavai de mıhun\
and, aside from parents, teachers are the most dependable people.
166 Short stories
101 ⟨
c
ehen vı ma,
c
e
c
ves laduveti kame
c
neti
c
a ˙lugan ˙duge muda
c
risas
c
a ˙lugan ˙du
c
ades kuran
c
a ˙lugan ˙daskiyavane gote
c
ha
c
dava
c
i de
c
va!"⟩/ehen vı ma, ekves laduveti kamek neti a ˙lugan ˙duge mudarrisas a ˙lugan ˙du ades kuran a ˙lugan ˙das
kiavane gotek haddavai devva!\So, I do not feel shy to plead for you to teach me. Please, find a way for me!"
102 ⟨
c
ena
c
as gis levi
c
je
c
eve.⟩/enaas gis levijje eve\
By this time he was sobbing.
103 ⟨"nu ro
c
i nacımu."⟩/nu roi nacımu\
"Don’t cry, Naeem."
104 ⟨ ˙hilmıge
c
atun
c
e kan mana kurumas
c
išarat koslamun bunñeve.⟩/ ˙hilmıge atun e kam mana kurumas išarat koslamun buni eve\
Hilmy motioned with his hand to stop.
105 ⟨"hama ranga ˙lu vahaka
c
e
c
bunan.⟩/hama ranga ˙lu vahakaek bunan\
"Really,
106 ⟨nacımu fenifa
c
i nacımu vı dera fenifa
c
i
c
aharen mi ge
c
as
c
a
c
is den mi bunı ves
c
ahannas nacımastiya kahala fur ˙sate
c
hoda
c
i devi dane to balan vegen.⟩/nacımu fenifai nacımu vı dera fenifai aharen mi geas ais den mi bunı ves ahannas nacımas tiya
kahala fur ˙satek hodai devi dane to balan vegen\when I saw you, Naeem, and how sad you were, I told you to come here, to see whether I could
provide an educational opportunity for you.
107 ⟨
c
ahannas varas ranga ˙las nacımas vefa
c
i huri got
c
i ˙hsas kureve.⟩/ahannas varas ranga ˙las nacımas vefai huri got i ˙hsas kureve\
I understand very well what’s happened to you.
108 ⟨tiya kahala kantakuga
c
i ma ˙sla ˙hatas varas bo ˙das bayan jehene.⟩/tia kahala kantakugai ma ˙sla ˙hatas varas bo ˙das bayan jehene\But, in such cases, you must always see that nobody gets angry.
109 ⟨
c
enme furatama nacımu
c
e ge
c
as gos
c
e ge mıhun gatuga
c
i mi vahaka da
c
kalan jehene.⟩/ekme furatama nacımu e geas gos e ge mıhun gatugai mi vahaka dakkalan jehene\
First, go to your place and ask them about this opening.
110 ⟨
c
e mıhunge gatuga
c
i bune,
c
aharen muda
c
risaku
c
e ge
c
as
c
aharen gendavan benun ve
c
je
c
e.
c
ehenbuna
c
ce
c
inge!⟩/e mıhunge gatugai bune, aharen mudarrisaku e geas aharen gendavan benun vejje e. ehen
bunacce inge!\Tell them one of your teachers wants to keep you in his home!
111 ⟨den
c
annanı, kon
c
irakun?"⟩/den annanı, kon irakun?\
Then, when will you come back?"
112 ⟨nacımu lolun karuna fohelan
c
in gotas nazaru hingalafa
c
i ˙hilmı suvalu kosli
c
eve.⟩/nacımu lolun karuna fohelan in gotas nazaru hingalafai ˙hilmı suvalu kosli eve\
[Hilmy asked Naeem, cleaning the tears that had fallen from his eyes.]
167T10 cAbdullah ˙Sadiq: Mudarris vantakamuge lobi
113 ⟨"
c
a ˙lugan ˙du benumı hama miharu mi vagutu ves mi gega
c
i hunnan.⟩/a ˙lugan ˙du benumı hama miharu mi vagutu ves mi gegai hunnan\
"From this instant, I want to be here.
114 ⟨vı ma,
c
a ˙lugan ˙du ge
c
as goslafa
c
i
c
annakas ma gina
c
ire
c
nu vane.⟩/vı ma, a ˙lugan ˙du geas goslafai annakas ma gina irek nu vane\
It won’t take much time to go and come back."
115 ⟨nacımu
c
e ge
c
in nukume
c
je
c
eve.⟩/nacımu e gein nukumejje eve\
Naeem left.
116 ⟨ ˙hilmı
c
e un ˙dolıga
c
i
c
is jahala
c
igen
c
ineve.⟩/ ˙hilmı e un ˙dolıgai is jahalaigen in eve\
Hilmy stayed in the swing, pondering the situation.
117 ⟨
c
eru ˙hilmı, hama
c
is jahala
c
igen
c
inı
c
akı nuneve.⟩/eru ˙hilmı, hama is jahalaigen inıakı nun eve\
118 ⟨
c
ena
c
inı, varas varugada xiyalutake
c
ge tere
c
as genbigenneve.⟩/ena inı, varas varugada xiyalutakekge tereas genbigenn eve\
119 ⟨ ˙hilmı hitas
c
ara
c
eve.⟩/ ˙hilmı hitas arai eve\It came to his mind,
120 ⟨"hada mo ˙lu ku
c
jekeve.⟩/hada mo ˙lu kujjek eve\
"He was an excellent student
121 ⟨huri ha ma
c
da
c
akas ves
c
ena hama
c
e ha mo ˙leve.⟩/huri ha maddaakas ves ena hama e ha mo ˙lu eve\
in all subjects,
122 ⟨liya le
c
ves
c
e ha rı
c
ceve.⟩/lia lek ves e ha rıti eve\
especially handwriting," he thought.
123 ⟨vahaka de
c
kumun mu ˙li skulun de faharu 1vana hodafa
c
i ve
c
eve.⟩/vahaka dekkumun mu ˙li skulun de faharu ekvana hodafai ve eve\
"And, he even got the first place in oratory.
124 ⟨skulge maja
c
laga
c
i
c
enme fahun
c
ena liyeli
c
ingiresi mazumunuge fen varu ranga ˙lukamun huri hamuda
c
risun tarıfu kure
c
vi
c
eve.⟩/skulge majallagai ekme fahun ena liyeli ingiresi mazumunuge fen varu ranga ˙lukamun huri ha
mudarrisun tarıfu kurevvi eve\All the teachers complimented his English essay in the school magazine.
125 ⟨nama ves huri ha ves kamakı taqdıreve.⟩/nama ves huri ha ves kamakı taqdır eve\
But everything depends on fate.
168 Short stories
126 ⟨
c
e fakıras nikan
c
e dima vi got balaseve.⟩/e fakıras nikam e dima vi got balas eve\
See what has happened to him.
127 ⟨manma maruvı
c
eve.⟩/mamma maruvı eve\
His mother died,
128 ⟨
c
u ˙lene ranga ˙lu ge
c
e
c
ves nu libunı
c
eve!⟩/u ˙lene ranga ˙lu geek ves nu libunı eve!\and he didn’t get a good place to live.
129 ⟨
c
ena, ke.jı.
c
in fenigen mi hisabas gena
c
umuga
c
i
c
ahannas kos devifa
c
i va masa
c
kate
c
ves made
c
nuvane
c
eve.⟩/ena kejıin fenigen mi hisabas genaumugai ahannas kos devifai va masakkatek ves madek nu vane
eve\The work I did in bringing him from kindergarten to this level is more than enough.
130 ⟨masa
c
kate
c
fasafa
c
i nu nimenıs.⟩/masakkatek fasafai nu nimenıs\
However, if you start a work
131 ⟨hu
c ˙talumakı,
c
e masa
c
katuge nimume
c
nuneve.⟩/hu ˙t ˙talumakı, e masakkatuge nimumek nun eve\
you must also complete it.
132 ⟨c
enage taculımı masac
kat fesic
ekakı hama gac
imu vesc
ahanneve.⟩/enage taulımı masakkat fesi ekakı hama qaimu ves ahan eve\
I am also a person who started his education,
133 ⟨
c
ehen vı
c
iru
c
ena
c
e
c
cakas vanden
c
ena
c
as kiyava
c
i dinumakı,
c
aharenge ves masa
c
katakas nu ve
c
e
c
nu dane
c
eve.⟩/ehen vı iru ena eccakas vanden enaas kiavai dinumakı, aharenge ves masakkatakas nu veek nu
dane eve\so, to teach him until he becomes a man is sort of my duty.
134 ⟨mına mo ˙lu vegen qa
c
umuga
c
i furanı kon maqame
c
kan
c
engenı kakas he
c
yeve?⟩/mına mo ˙lu vegen qaumugai furanı kon maqamek kam engenı kakas heyo eve?\
Who knows what national post he will hold after his schooling?
135 ⟨
c
adi
c
ehen nun-as
c
e varas kiyavan
c
e de ku
c
jakas kiyava
c
i dinumakı, kiyava
c
igen tibe mıhunnaskos den jehene ves kamekeve.⟩
/adi ehen nun-as e varas kiavan e de kujjakas kiavai dinumakı, kiavaigen tibe mıhunnas kos denjehene ves kamek eve\
Besides, if he is so eager to learn, it’s required for those who know more to teach him.
136 ⟨
c
ahannas ves miharu
c
e varu ku
c
jaku gega
c
i behe
c ˙te varas fa
c
isa ko ˙le
c c
eba libe
c
eve.⟩/ahannas ves miharu e varu kujjaku gegai behe ˙t ˙te varas faisa ko ˙lek eba libe eve\
Now I earn enough to keep a boy in my house,
137 ⟨vı ma, nacımas
c
enage ge
c
lifa
c
i va mustaq bal hoda
c
i dinumuga
c
i
c
aharen
c
ehı nu van vı kı
c
vegenhe
c
yeve?⟩/vı ma, nacımas enage gellifai va mustaq bal hodai dinumugai aharen ehı nu van vı kık vegen heyo
eve?\so why shouldn’t I help Naeem retrieve his lost future?
169T10 cAbdullah ˙Sadiq: Mudarris vantakamuge lobi
138 ⟨nacımu
c
e buni gotun ves
c
enage den huri
c
ehıteri
c
akı
c
enage muda
c
riseve.⟩/nacımu e buni gotun ves enage den huri ehıteriakı enage mudarris eve\
From what he said, his teacher is the sole person who could help him now.
139 ⟨
c
aharen
c
ena mi gega
c
i baha
c ˙tanameve.⟩/aharen ena mi gegai baha ˙t ˙tanam eve\
So, I will keep him here,
140 ⟨
c
aharen
c
ena
c
as kiyava
c
i denameve.⟩/aharen enaas kiavai denam eve\
educate him,
141 ⟨
c
aharen
c
ena
c
as mustaq bale
c
hoda
c
i denameve.⟩/aharen enaas mustaq balek hodai denam eve\
and give him a future."
142 ⟨...........⟩
*Ibrahim Fulhu’s wife’s anger was extreme.*
143 ⟨"
c
ena
c
as kon mustaq bale
c
hoda
c
i devenı kale
c
as?⟩/enaas kon mustaq balek hodai devenı kaleas?\
"What future is he going to provide you?
144 ⟨
c
e
c
ı, kalege muda
c
rise
c
vı ma tiya hitas
c
aranı kale la
c
va
c
ena
c
e
c
ves masa
c
kate
c
nu kuruvanekamas do!⟩
/eı, kalege mudarrisek vı ma tia hitas aranı kale lavva ena ekves masakkatek nu kuruvane kamasdo!\
Do you think that just because he’s your teacher he won’t give you any chores!
145 ⟨
c
ehen vane
c
e
c
nu.⟩/ehen vaneek nu\Don’t think so.
146 ⟨tiya ge
c
as kale gendan tiya
c
u ˙lenı hama kale la
c
va nokirı kuruvan.⟩/tia geas kale gendan tia u ˙lenı hama kale lavva nokirı kuruvan\
They want to take you to get someone to work for them.
147 ⟨gula nu ta ˙luvan.⟩/gula nu ta ˙luvan\
148 ⟨mi gega
c
i kale tanko ˙le
c
ranga ˙las masa
c
kat kos
c
u ˙le tan fenunı ma, ˙hilmıge hatgan ˙du kukulava
c
igatı.⟩/mi gegai kale tanko ˙lek ranga ˙las masakkat kos u ˙le tan fenunı ma, ˙hilmıge hatgan ˙du kuku lavaigatı\
Since they’ve seen you working so hard, Hilmy couldn’t rest until he got you.
149 ⟨male
c
aku miharaku nu ˙le tiya buna kahala mıhaku.⟩/maleaku miharaku nu u ˙le tia buna kahala mıhaku\
*In Male’, there are no such people now.*
150 ⟨
c
enme ranga ˙lu. kale de. mi ge
c
in nukume.⟩/ekme ranga ˙lu. kale de. mi gein nukume\
All right, you can go from this house,
170 Short stories
151 ⟨
c
aharemen balanan ˙hilmı kale
c
as kiyava
c
i de tan.⟩/aharemen balanan ˙hilmı kaleas kiavai de tan\
but we will see how Hilmy teaches you.
152 ⟨
c
e
c
ı
c
aharemen nu danna ˙hilmı
c
e
c
vi
c
ya!"⟩/eı aharemen nu danna ˙hilmıek vi-ai!"\
We know this Hilmy very well."
153 ⟨
c
ibrahım fu ˙luge
c
anhenunge ru ˙li vanı,
c
ege ha
c
dun na
c ˙talafa
c
eve.⟩/ibrahım fu ˙luge anhenunge ru ˙li vanı, ege haddun na ˙t ˙talafa eve\
*Ibrahim Fulhu’s wife’s anger was extreme.*
154 ⟨nacımuge fosi nere
c
e ge fen ˙da ma
c
cas
c
e
c
lali
c
eve. nun, hurali
c
eve.⟩/nacımuge fosi nere e ge fen ˙da maccas ellali eve. nun, hurali eve\
She threw Naeem’s box of belongings out onto the veranda.
155 ⟨nacımu fosi kon ˙das la
c
igen, romun romun
c
e ge
c
in nukume
c
je
c
eve.⟩/nacımu fosi kon ˙das laigen, romun romun e gein nukumejje eve\
Naeem shouldered his box and started off, crying.
156 ⟨
c
ena
c
as ˙hilmımen ge
c
as devunu
c
iru ˙hilmı
c
inı bat kaseve.⟩/enaas ˙hilmımen geas devunu iru ˙hilmı inı bat kas eve\
When he reached Hilmy’s place, Hilmy was having his dinner.
157 ⟨
c
iruko ˙lakun mıhaku nukume nacımu gova
c
igen vanı getere
c
aseve.⟩/iruko ˙lakun mıhaku nukume nacımu govaigen vanı ge etereas eve\
After a few minutes, a man came and showed Naeem in.
158 ⟨fosi behe
c ˙tı
c
e ge ka ge
c
a gu ˙lifa
c
i hunna ko ˙tari
c
e
c
ga
c
eve.⟩/fosi behe ˙t ˙tı e ge ka ge-ai gu ˙lifai hunna ko ˙tariekgai eve\
Naeem’s things were placed in the room adjacent to the dining room.
159 ⟨ku ˙da
c
iruko ˙lakun nacımu fenunu
c
iru
c
ena
c
inı bat kaseve.⟩/ku ˙da iruko ˙lakun nacımu fenunu iru ena inı bat kas eve\
Soon, Naeem joined Hilmy at the dinner table,
160 ⟨ ˙hilmı
c
in mezuge
c
ane
c
faratuga
c
eve.⟩/ ˙hilmı in mezuge anek faratuga eve\
(sitting) vis-à-vis with Hilmy.
161 ⟨
c
e gega
c
i
c
u ˙le don ˙husa
c
in varas rı
c
cas bi
c
luri tasıge berun fohela
c
ifa
c
i nacımu ka
c
irıga
c
i fen tasibaha
c ˙tali
c
eve.⟩/e gegai u ˙le don ˙husain varas rıccas billuri tasıge berun fohelaifai nacımu kairıgai fen tasi baha ˙t ˙tali
eve\Don Hussain, the servant, cleaned a tumbler very carefully and served Naeem water.
Fairy tales and
Fables
T11: Anga gada miturai, anga ma ˙du mituru (1)
“The two friends and Santhimariyanbu”
Male: cAbdullah ˙Sadiq*; A ˙d ˙du: ˙Hassan Sacıd
* The text in the standard language was published in a newspaper; cp. fig. 2, p. 174. The translation intoEnglish appeared in Finiashi: Heard in the Islands, ed. L. PRUNER, vol. 1, Male 1988, 1 ff.
172 Fairy tales and Fables
1 ⟨
c
aga gada mitura
c
aga ma ˙du mitura mi
c
ı varas bo ˙du de
c
ekuverınneve.⟩/anga gada mitura anga ma ˙du mitura miı varas bo ˙du de ekuverın eve\
anga gada miturai anga ma ˙da miturai de vennakı (verinakı) de ra ˙t ˙tehin (rahumatterin).Anga Gadha Mithuru and Anga Madu Mithuru were two good friends.
2 ⟨
c
e
c
re
c
aku,
c
aga ma ˙du mituru binbi mafus ka
c
igen
c
atiri matıga
c
i⟩/ek reaku, anga ma ˙du mituru bimbi mafus kaigen atiri matıgai\
ed reaki bimbi maufisi keuma
c
faha
c
, anga ma ˙da mitura gonodasa
c
ebege.One night, after eating bimbi maafuh, Anga Madu Mithuru went to the beach.
3 ⟨huri ho ˙lu
c
a
c ˙te
c
ga
c
i nidafa
c
i
c
o
c
va⟩/huri ho ˙lu a ˙t ˙tekgai nidafai ovva\
ede ho ˙lo asaki irın, (den ede) nida
c
vesio
c
.He sat on a holhu ashi, then, lay down to sleep on it.
4 ⟨santi mariyabu
c
a
c
is⟩/santi mariyambu ais\
maufıse vas dovagen, santumaria anga ma ˙da mitura nidau o
c
velei bai.Drawn by the smell of maafuh, Santhimariyanbu came to Anga Madu Mithuru while he slept,
5 ⟨
c
aga ma ˙du mituruge huri ha dattake
c
lu
c
safa
c
i varas a dattake
c
jaha
c
i dıfi
c
eve.⟩/anga ma ˙du mituruge huri ha dattakek lussafai varas a dattakek jahai dıfi eve.\
eage da
c
nagalai, ehen kahalei au da
c
se ˙ta
c
jahafi.removed his teeth, and replaced them with a nice, new set of teeth.
6 ⟨hedunu
c
aga gada mituruge ge
c
as di
c
umun,⟩/hendunu anga gada mituruge geas diumun,\
hennai, anga ma ˙da mitura ege ra ˙t ˙tehi anga gada mitura ekahau ebege.In the morning, Anga Madu Mithuru visited his friend, Anga Gadha Mithuru.
7 ⟨
c
aha
c
ifi
c
eve. "tiya
c
ı, kale kihine
c
jehi datpila
c
e
c
he
c
yeve."⟩/ahaifi eve. tiaı, kale kihinek jehi datpilaek heyo eve.\
ea
c
angai tibi au da
c
fenifei, anga ma ˙da mitura
c
e libe ˙nei kehennaka
c
tau ehi.On seeing his friend’s nice new teeth, Anga Gadha Mithuru asked how he got them.
8 ⟨bunñeve.
c
aharen mafus ka
c
igen
c
atiri matı ho ˙lu
c
asıga
c
i nidifa
c
o
c
va, santi mariyabu
c
a
c
is jahadinıtı
c
eve."⟩/buni eve. aharen mafus kaigen atiri matı ho ˙lu asıgai nidifa ovva, santi mariyambu ais jaha dinıtı
eve.\anga ma ˙da mitura santumariage vahaka kei derefei, ea
c
e da
c
dinı ea kamas be ˙ni.Anga Madu Mithuru told him the story of Santhimariyanbu and how she gave him the nice teeth.
9 ⟨
c
e
c
a ˙du
c
ahafa
c
i
c
aga gada mituru bunñeve.⟩/e a ˙du ahafai anga gada mituru buni eve.\
mi vahaka a ˙da ehuma
c
fahi anga gada mitura be ˙ni mi reakı timage rei au.After hearing the story, Anga Gadha Mithuru said, "Tonight is my night.
10 ⟨mi re
c
aharen ti
c
a taga
c
i
c
onnanameve.⟩/mi re aharen tia tagai onnanam eve.\
ava etan mi rei esun.I will be there tonight."
173T11 Anga gada miturai, anga ma ˙du mituru (1)
11 ⟨
c
e re mafus ka
c
igen ho ˙lu
c
asıga
c
i
c
aga gada mituru
c
o
c
va⟩/e re mafus kaigen ho ˙lu asıgai anga gada mituru ovva\
ehen vi mei, e rei anga gada mitura maufisi kagen e ede vesio
c
eage rahumatteria kurie rei vesio
c
tani.So, that night, Anga Gadha Mithuru ate maafuh and lay down on the same bed his friend used the
previous night.
12 ⟨santi mariyabas mafus vas duva
c
igen
c
a
c
is⟩/santi mariyambas mafus vas duvaigen ais\
kudu velake ˙da
c
fahun maufıse vas libigen santumaria anga gada mitura
c
ekaha
c
bai.After a while, drawn by the smell of the maafuh, Santhimariyanbu came to Anga Gadha Mithuru,
13 ⟨datta
c
lu
c
safa
c
i
c
e datta
c
gonñas
c
a ˙la
c
i⟩/dattak lussafai e dattak goññas a ˙lai\
e angai tibi da
c
nagafei ea ati o
c
kota ˙lau e ˙dafi.pulled out his teeth and put them in her sack.
14 ⟨
c
alun dattake
c
jahan kamas koludate
c
jehi tanı,
c
aga gada mituru bunñeve.⟩/alun dattakek jahan kamas koludatek jehi tanı, anga gada mituru buni eve.\
au da
c
angai jaha fa ˙t ˙taga
c
, santumaria angai da ˙la tayyara ke ˙da ko
c
anga ma ˙da mitura be ˙nı:Then she started replacing them with nice, new teeth. Just as Santhimariyanbu was setting one molar
tooth in place, Anga Gadha Mithuru said,
15 ⟨"
c
e mituruge dattakas vure rıti kos deti!
c
ige"
c
eve.⟩/e mituruge dattakas vure rıti kos deti! inge eve.\
"balafele ma angai tibi au da
c
afage ra ˙t ˙tehi mıha
c
angai tibi datav vanı ma riveti (au)"."Please see that my new teeth are nicer than my friend’s."
16 ⟨mihen hama bunumun gat birun santi mariyabuge
c
atuga huri datta
c
aga gada mituruge
c
agayas
c
ukalafa
c
i duve higa
c
je
c
eve. den datta
c
hurı hunnane gotakaseve.⟩/mihen hama bunumun gat birun santi mariyambuge atuga huri dattak anga gada mituruge angayas
ukalafai duve hingajje eve. den dattak hurı hunnane gotakas eve.\ee mehen be ˙ni a ˙da ahafei, santumaria biri ginagen ea ati o
c
dabaha (kota ˙la) ban ˙dun jahalai, ee mi ˙limu ˙nu mati datun forovalai ebege.
Hearing him speak, Santhimariyanbu was so frightened that she upset her whole bag and ran away,leaving him covered with teeth sticking to his face.
17 ⟨mi kama varas dera vegen⟩/mi kam-ai varas dera vegen\
anga gada mitura mi kamai deetere vara
c
hitama koffi.Anga Gadha Mithuru was very sad about this.
18 ⟨
c
aga ma ˙du mituruge ge
c
as diya ma, varas malamat kos
c
e
c
ceti kiya hedi
c
eve.⟩/anga ma ˙du mituruge geas dia ma, varas malamat kos ecceti kia hedi eve.\
hennai ege rahumatteri anga gada mitura
c
ekaha
c
ge mei, ede malama
c
koffei ihafi.In the morning, when he visited his friend, Anga Madu Mithuru laughed and made fun of him.
174 Fairy tales and Fables
Fig. 2: Anga gada mitura, anga ma ˙du mitura (1 and 2) (cAbdullah ˙Sadiq)
T12: Anga gada miturai, anga ma ˙du mituru (2)
"The two friends and the flying jar"
Male: cAbdullah ˙Sadiq*
* The text in the standard language was published in a newspaper; cp. fig. 2, p. 174. The English translationappeared in Finiashi: Heard in the Islands, ed. L. PRUNER, vol. 3, Male 1988, 1 ff.
176 Fairy tales and Fables
1 ⟨
c
ane
c
duvahaku, de miturun havıru finñas higalan nukume
c
je
c
eve.⟩/anek duvahaku, de miturun havıru fiññas hingalan nukumejje eve.\
One evening Anga Gadha Mithuru and Anga Madu Mithuru went for a stroll.
2 ⟨higamun higamun gos kore
c
ge
c
a
c
seri
c
as nukumevi
c
je
c
eve.⟩/hingamun hingamun gos korekge asserias nukumevijje eve.\
They reached the beach when it was almost sunset.
3 ⟨
c
e ha tanas devunu tana
c
iru
c
o
c
sen ka
c
iri vefa vale
c
bo ˙dukamun, ge
c
as di
c
umas vahaka da
c
ka
c
ifi
c
eve.⟩/e ha tanas devunu tan-ai iru ossen kairi vefa valek bo ˙dukamun, geas diumas vahaka dakkaifi eve.\
Just as it was getting dark, Anga Gadha Mithuru decided to go back.
4 ⟨
c
e kamaku,
c
aga ma ˙du mituru ge
c
as da hite
c
nu tveve.⟩/e kamaku, anga ma ˙du mituru geas da hitek nu tu eve.\
But, as Anga Madu Mithuru did not want to,
5 ⟨mihen ve ge
c
as
c
annan jehunı,
c
aga gada mituru
c
ekanñeve.⟩/mihen ve geas annan jehunı, anga gada mituru ekani eve.\
Anga Gadha Mithuru returned home alone.
6 ⟨
c
aga ma ˙du mituru koruge
c
a
c
serıga
c
i hurelafa
c
i, tantan balamun higamun higamun dani kosfenunı
c
e tage gahe
c
ka
c
irıga
c
i huri ja ˙di
c
ekeve.⟩/anga ma ˙du mituru koruge asserıgai hurelafai, tantan balamun hingamun hingamun dani kos fenunı
e tage gahek kairıgai huri ja ˙diek eve.\After walking a little farther, Anga Madu Mithuru saw a huge jar near a tree.
7 ⟨mi ja ˙di fenigen
c
aga ma ˙du mituru gos
c
e ja ˙di
c
as
c
erefi
c
eve.⟩/mi ja ˙di fenigen anga ma ˙du mituru gos e ja ˙dias erefi eve.\
He went up to it, and,
8 ⟨
c
eru
c
iru
c
o
c
si
c
adiri ve
c
je
c
eve.⟩/eru iru ossi andiri vejje eve.\
seeing it empty, decided to spend the night inside the jar.
9 ⟨danba
c
e
c c
a ˙lafa
c
i
c
aga ma ˙du mituras teduvevunı, ja ˙di ka
c
irin bayaku vahaka da
c
ka
c
a ˙du
c
ivigenneve.⟩/dambaek a ˙lafai anga ma ˙du mituras teduvevunı, ja ˙di kairin bayaku vahaka dakka a ˙du ivigen eve.\
Late in the night, he was awakened by whispering outside the jar.
10 ⟨
c
a ˙du hurı
c
eku lava lafa
c
eve.⟩/a ˙du hurı eku lava lafa eve.\
Listening carefully,
11 ⟨visnali
c
iru,
c
e
c
ı, kotaru bayakeve.⟩/visnali iru, eı, kotaru bayak eve.\
he realised this was made by a lot of pigeons.
12 ⟨
c
iru ko ˙lakun, ras kotaru digu magu ku ˙li
c
as ku ˙li jahafa
c
i, kuru magu ku ˙li
c
as ku ˙li jahafa
c
i, ja ˙dimatin tin faharu funma
c
igen di
c
umas fahu,
c
iven fesı, lava
c
e
c
ge
c
a ˙deve.⟩/iru ko ˙lakun, ras kotaru digu magu ku ˙lias ku ˙li jahafai, kuru magu ku ˙lias ku ˙li jahafai, ja ˙di matin tin
faharu fummaigen diumas fahu, iven fesı, lavaekge a ˙du eve.\The king pigeon did a sword folk dance, and jumped over the jar three times. Next, the pigeons started
singing a song,
177T12 Anga gada miturai, anga ma ˙du mituru (2)
13 ⟨re
c
as vuren mi re bar_e,
c
e re
c
as vure mi re bar_e".⟩/reas vuren mi re baru e, e reas vure mi re baru e.\
"Tonight it’s heavier than last night."
14 ⟨mi lava
c
ige
c
a ˙da
c
i
c
eku ja ˙di ma
c
cas
c
aran fasa
c
ifi
c
eve.⟩/mi lavaige a ˙dai eku ja ˙di maccas aran fasaifi eve.\
And, with the singing of that song, Anga Madu Mithuru felt the jar rising up.
15 ⟨
c
aramun
c
aramun gos duniye vas kuburakas vı ma,
c
ekati
c
aneka
c
cas buna
c
a ˙du
c
ive
c
eve.⟩/aramun aramun gos dunie vas kumburakas vı ma, ekati anekaccas buna a ˙du ive eve.\
It rose up and up until the earth became a small ball. Anga Madu Mithuru heard the pigeons askingeach other,
16 ⟨mi re gendanı, kon bimakas he
c
yeve? bune
c
peve.⟩/mi re gendanı, kon bimakas heyo eve? bunefi eve.\
"Where shall we take the jar tonight?"
17 ⟨mi re gendanı lo bimas
c
eve.⟩/mi re gendanı lo bimas eve.\
"Tonight we’ll take it to the bronze land."
18 ⟨
c
iru ko ˙lakun tane
c
ga
c
i baha
c ˙ta
c
ifi
c
eve.⟩/iru ko ˙lakun tanekgai baha ˙t ˙taifi eve.\
Then he felt the jar lowered and being set down somewhere.
19 ⟨ja ˙din nukut
c
iru,
c
e sorumen
c
e duhi gos vanı, ma duruga
c
eve.⟩/ja ˙din nukut iru, e sorumen e duhi gos vanı, ma durugai eve.\
After the pigeons flew away, he came out of the jar, and started walking around.
20 ⟨
c
aga ma ˙du mituru
c
e bimas fa
c
iba higala hedumas fahu
c
e tage gasgahun meva bide, ka
c
ihada
c
igen ja ˙di
c
as vade
c
je
c
eve.⟩/anga ma ˙du mituru e bimas faiba hingala hedumas fahu e tage gasgahun meva binde, kai hadaigen
ja ˙dias vadejje eve.\He saw lots of fruit trees. After eating some fruit, he went back to sleep in the jar.
21 ⟨
c
ane
c
duvas vefa
c
i
c
iru
c
ossi
c
ehakas
c
iru vumun, kotaruta
c c
atu ve
c
je
c
eve.⟩/anek duvas vefai iru ossi ehakas iru vumun, kotarutak atu vejje eve.\
The next day, at the same time in the evening he heard the same noises as the night before,
22 ⟨ras kotaru digu magu ku ˙li
c
as ku ˙li jaha kuru magu ku ˙lias ku ˙li jaha ja ˙di matin tin faharufunma
c
igen di
c
umas fahu,
c
e
c
kala lava kiyafa
c
i ja ˙di
c
ufu
c
lan fasa
c
ifi
c
eve.⟩/ras kotaru digu magu ku ˙lias ku ˙li jaha kuru magu ku ˙lias ku ˙li jaha ja ˙di matin tin faharu fummaigen
diumas fahu, ek kala lava kiafai ja ˙di ufullan fasaifi eve.\and the king pigeon did the same warlike folk dance as on the previous day. With the song "Tonight
it’s heavier than last night,"
23 ⟨ma
c
cas
c
ara duniye vas kuburakas vı ma, ras kotaru
c
ahali
c
eve.⟩/maccas ara dunie vas kumburakas vı ma, ras kotaru ahali eve.\
he felt the jar rising. Again, as it rose up until the earth became a small ball the king pigeon asked,
24 ⟨mi re gendanı, kon bimakas he
c
yeve? bunñeve.⟩/mi re gendanı, kon bimakas heyo eve? buni eve.\
"Where shall we take the jar tonight?"
178 Fairy tales and Fables
25 ⟨mi re gendanı, rihi bimaseve.⟩/mi re gendanı, rihi bimas eve.\
"Tonight we’ll take it to the silver land," answered the others.
26 ⟨
c
iru ko ˙lakun ja ˙di tane
c
ga
c
i baha
c ˙tafa
c
i, kotaruta
c
diya ma,
c
e bimas fa
c
iba ku ˙da rihi ko ˙le
c
ja ˙di
c
as lahedumas fahu, meva ka
c
igen ja ˙di
c
as vade
c
o
c
va
c
iru
c
ossi
c
adiri ve
c
je
c
eve.⟩/iru ko ˙lakun ja ˙di tanekgai baha ˙t ˙tafai, kotarutak dia ma, e bimas faiba ku ˙da rihi ko ˙lek ja ˙dias la
hedumas fahu, meva kaigen ja ˙dias vade ovva iru ossi andiri vejje eve.\After some time, Anga Madu Mithuru felt the jar being lowered onto the ground, and heard the pigeons
leaving. Slowly, he crept out of the jar. There was silver everywhere. Seeing fruit trees, he ate theirfruit and collected some silver. Then he got back in the jar.
27 ⟨hama nidili tana
c
eku hen kotarutakuge
c
a ˙du
c
ivi
c
je
c
eve.⟩/hama nidili tan-ai eku hen kotarutakuge a ˙du ivijje eve.\
That night, once again,
28 ⟨kurı re fada
c
in kanta
c
kurumas fahu, ja ˙di hifa
c
igen,
c
uduhen fasa
c
ifi
c
eve.⟩/kurı re fadain kantak kurumas fahu, ja ˙di hifaigen, uduhen fasaifi eve.\
the same events took place as before.
29 ⟨duniye vas kuburakas vı ma, ras kotaru
c
aha
c
ifi
c
eve.⟩/dunie vas kumburakas vı ma, ras kotaru ahaifi eve.\
He heard the king pigeon ask the others
30 ⟨mi re gendanı, kon bimakas he
c
yeve? bunñeve.⟩/mi re gendanı, kon bimakas heyo eve? buni eve.\
where they should take the jar.
31 ⟨mi re gendanı, ran bimaseve.⟩/mi re gendanı, ran bimas eve.\
They answered that they would take the jar to the golden land.
32 ⟨
c
iru ko ˙le
c
vumun, ja ˙di tane
c
ga
c
i baha
c ˙tafa
c
i, kotaruta
c
higa
c
je
c
eve.⟩/iru ko ˙lek vumun, ja ˙di tanekgai baha ˙t ˙tafai, kotarutak hingajje eve.\
In a little while he felt the jar being lowered onto the ground and heard the pigeons fly away.
33 ⟨
c
aga ma ˙du mituru ja ˙din
c
ara, bin ma
c
cas febi
c
iru, tede
c
me
c
eve.⟩/anga ma ˙du mituru ja ˙din ara, bin maccas febi iru, tedek-me eve.\
Anga Madu Mithuru crawled out of the jar and saw that what the pigeons said was true.
34 ⟨hus raneve.⟩/hus ran eve.\
There was gold all around him.
35 ⟨den benun varakas ranta
c
naga
c
i gengenes ja ˙di
c
as
c
a ˙la hada
c
igen vade
c
o
c
va kotaruta
c c
atu ve
c
je
c
eve.⟩/den benun varakas rantak nagai gengenes ja ˙dias a ˙la hadaigen vade ovva kotarutak atu vejje eve.\He collected as much gold as he wanted and got back into the jar. During the night, the pigeons came
back for the jar again.
179T12 Anga gada miturai, anga ma ˙du mituru (2)
36 ⟨
c
e sahitu ras kotaru digu magu ku ˙li
c
as ku ˙li jaha kuru magu ku ˙li
c
as ku ˙li jaha hedumas fahu, ja ˙dimatin tin faharu funma
c
igen gosfa ja ˙di
c
ufulan
c
anga
c
ifi
c
eve.⟩/e sahitu ras kotaru digu magu ku ˙lias ku ˙li jaha kuru magu ku ˙lias ku ˙li jaha hedumas fahu, ja ˙di
matin tin faharu fummaigen gosfa ja ˙di ufulan angaifi eve.\On the way, he heard them singing again,
37 ⟨"re
c
as vure mi re bar_e!
c
e re
c
as vure mi re bar_e!" kiyamun ja ˙di hifa
c
igen
c
uduhi
c
a
c
is
c
ihas vesja ˙di huri taga
c
i baha
c ˙ta
c
ifi
c
eve.⟩/reas vure mi re bar e! e reas vure mi re bar e!" kiamun ja ˙di hifaigen uduhi ais ihas ves ja ˙di huri
tagai baha ˙t ˙taifi eve.\"Tonight it’s heavier than last night," and with that they lifted the jar and rose up high until the earth
became a small ball.
38 ⟨
c
e sorumen di
c
umun ja ˙din
c
ara ge
c
as ranta
c c
ufu
c
la
c
ifi
c
eve.⟩/e sorumen diumun ja ˙din ara geas rantak ufullaifi eve.\
Finally, they lowered the jar to its original place near the beach. After the pigeons left, Anga MaduMithuru got out of the jar, and took the silver and gold home with him.
39 ⟨mi kan
c
aga gada mituras
c
egigen
c
aha
c
ifi
c
eve.⟩/mi kan anga gada mituras engigen ahaifi eve.\
Somehow, Anga Gadha Mithuru learned that his friend had come across a lot of gold.
40 ⟨"kale
c
as miha, rantake
c
libunı kon takun he
c
yeve?"⟩/kaleas miha, rantakek libunı kon takun heyo eve?\
and was very curious to know how he got it.
41 ⟨denc
aga ma ˙du mituru, hamac
ekani ran bimas tiya re, vı huri ha gotec
kiya dınin vı ma,c
agagada mituru bunñeve.⟩
/den anga ma ˙du mituru, hama ekani ran bimas tia re, vı huri ha gotek kia dınin vı ma, anga gadamituru buni eve.\
When Anga Gadha Mithuru asked him how it happened, Anga Madu Mithuru related the story of thelast night, when he visited the golden land.
42 ⟨
c
ahannas
c
e ja ˙di da
c
kan hingaseve.⟩/ahannas e ja ˙di dakkan hingas eve.\
Anga Gadha Mithuru was truly anxious to go and gather the gold,
43 ⟨den de miturun
c
ekı ga
c
e tanas higa
c
je
c
eve.⟩/den de miturun ekıgai e tanas hingajje eve.\so Anga Madu Mithuru showed him the jar.
44 ⟨balakas nu hur
c
aga gada mituru
c
e ja ˙di
c
as vade
c
je
c
eve.⟩/balakas nu hure anga gada mituru e ja ˙dias vadejje eve.\
Quickly, Anga Gadha Mithuru climbed into the jar
45 ⟨dan ba
c
e
c c
a ˙lafa
c
i,
c
e
c
kala kotaruta
c c
a
c
is ras kotaru digu magu ku ˙li
c
as ku ˙li jaha kuru magu ku ˙li
c
asku ˙li jahafa
c
i ja ˙di matin tin faharu gosfa
c
i ja ˙di hifa
c
igen
c
udu
c
sa
c
igenfi
c
eve.⟩/dan baek a ˙lafai, ek kala kotarutak ais ras kotaru digu magu ku ˙lias ku ˙li jaha kuru magu ku ˙lias ku ˙li
jahafai ja ˙di matin tin faharu gosfai ja ˙di hifaigen udussaigenfi eve.\and waited for the pigeons to come that night. Anga Gadha Mithuru heard the king pigeon doing his
dance,
180 Fairy tales and Fables
46 ⟨"mi re ves" kiyanı, "reyas vuren mi re bar_e,
c
e re
c
as vure mi re bar_e ..." mi henneve.⟩/mi re ves, kianı, reas vuren mi re bar e, e reas vure mi re bar e ... mi hen eve.\
and with the song, "Tonight it’s heavier than last night,"
47 ⟨ma
c
cas
c
ara, duniye vas kuburakas vı ma, bune
c
peve.⟩/maccas ara, dunie vas kumburakas vı ma, bunefi eve.\
the pigeons lifted the jar and rose up until the earth became a small ball.
48 ⟨"mi re baha
c ˙tanı kon bime
c
ga
c
i he
c
yeve?" bunñeve.⟩/mi re baha ˙t ˙tanı kon bimekgai heyo eve? buni eve.\
The king pigeon asked "Where shall we take it tonight?"
49 ⟨"lo bimuga
c
eve."⟩/lo bimugai eve.\
The others replied, "We’ll take it to the bronze land."
50 ⟨hama bunumun
c
aga gada mituru
c
ovelafa
c
i bunefi
c
eve.⟩/hama bunumun anga gada mituru ovelafai bunefi eve.\
On hearing this, Anga Gadha Mithuru exclaimed,
51 ⟨"nunekeve!⟩/nunek eve!\
"No! no.
52 ⟨mi re ves gendan vanı, hama ran bimaseve.⟩/mi re ves gendan vanı, hama ran bimas eve.\
Tonight you must take it to the golden land also.
53 ⟨
c
aharen vi
c
ya, vakin lo bimas gen gos gen ve dane he
c
yeve?⟩/aharen vi-ai, vakin lo bimas gen gos gen ve dane heyo eve?\
Just because it is me, why should you take it to the bronze land?"
54 ⟨ja ˙di tere
c
in
c
a ˙de
c c
ivunu ha
c
i
c
irun huri ha kotaru ja ˙di
c
aka ja ˙di
c
eke kiyafa
c
i du koslumun
c
a
c
is binmatıga
c
i jehunu jehunun ja ˙di te ˙li,
c
aga gada mituru fis fis ve
c
je
c
eve.⟩/ja ˙di terein a ˙dek ivunu hai irun huri ha kotaru ja ˙diak-ai ja ˙diek e kiafai du koslumun ais bim matıgai
jehunu jehunun ja ˙di te ˙li, anga gada mituru fis fis vejje eve.\Terrified at the noise coming from inside the jar, the pigeons let it go. Down came the jar with Anga
Gadha Mithuru.
T13: Fu ˙lu digu han ˙dige vahaka
The devil with the long navel
Male: cAbdullah ˙Sadiq*; Fua
c
Mulaku: Aminat Mu ˙hammad Sacıd
* The text in the standard language was published in a newspaper; cp. fig. 3, p. 188.
182 Fairy tales and Fables
1
M⟨
c
e ba
c
u ˙leye,
c
e ba
c
u ˙leye,
c
a
c
imina bı
c
a
c
i, hasan takura, mi de mafirin
c
idegen
c
u ˙leta ku ˙daduvasko ˙le
c
ge fahun hasan takuru fura
c
igen, daturaku higa
c
je
c
eve.⟩/e ba u ˙le-e, e ba u ˙le-e, amina bı-ai, hasan takur-ai, mi de mafirin indegen u ˙leta ku ˙da duvasko ˙lekge
fahun hasan takuru furaigen, daturaku hingajje eve.\Once there lived Aminat Bı and Hassan Takuru. A certain time after having got married, Hassan Takuru
embarked for a journey.F ed duvaheki vendunai amina bı ai ke mıhaku.
ek duvaheki vendunaı amina bı ai ke mıhaku.Once there lived a (wo)man called Amina Bı.
2
M⟨
c
ege fahun,
c
e
c
duvahaku, havıru
c
a
c
imina bı,
c
e rasu hukuru kura ma miskitu va ˙lu dosas fen balahiga
c
je
c
eve.⟩/ege fahun, ek duvahaku, havıru amina bı, e rasu hukuru kura ma miskitu va ˙lu dosas fen bala
hingajje eve.\One day, (a little bit) later, Aminat Bı went to the well of the great Friday mosque of her island in the
evening in order to fetch (some) water.F e mıha ebage ai miskite va ˙do doraha fen e ˙danna.
e mıha ebage ai miskite va ˙do doraha fen e ˙danna.That woman (lit. "person") went to the well of the mosque to fetch (lit. "pluck") some water.
3
M⟨
c
a
c
imına bı fen furan fasafa balali tana fenunı miskitu gibula vı faratuga
c
i "fu ˙ludigi han ˙di" kasbolu nasi ga ˙dakun, bolas veli furan
c
inda
c
eve.⟩/amına bı fen furan fasafa balali tan-ai fenunı miskitu gibula vı faratugai fu ˙ludigi han ˙di kas bolu
nasi gan ˙dakun, bolas veli furan indai eve.\When Aminat Bı, while starting filling in water, looked around, she saw the devil with the long navel
who, being aside the Qibla, was shovelling bone sand onto (his) head with a coconut shell.F goho, hisu velai, fu ˙ludigi handi hısı naisakaha ka
c
veli e ˙dan bolaha furanna.goho, hisu velai, fu ˙ludigi handi hısı naisakaha kas veli e ˙dan bolaha furanna.
When she went there, the devil with the long navel was just filling some bone sand, which he hadcollected in a coconut shell, onto his head.
4
M⟨
c
a
c
imına bı gat birun, ba ˙diya kihili jaha
c
igen, duvefa gos,
c
e hisabu ga ˙duge mıhunge gatuga
c
i, mivahaka bunefi
c
eve.⟩/amına bı gat birun, ba ˙diya kihili jahaigen, duvefa gos, e hisabu gan ˙duge mıhunge gatugai, mi
vahaka bunefi eve.\Aminat Bı was frightened, (she) ran away crying and told this story to the (other) people.
F hisu velai mi amina bısa fenna biraha duvva gat ai.hisu velai mi amina bısa fenna biraha duvva gat ai.
When A.B. saw this, she was frightened and ran away.
5
M⟨
c
e re
c
asu
c
iru o
c
si mıhun nidafa
c
i hila va ˙lu
c
obunu tana
c
ekuhen,
c
ivunı ge bitu ka
c
irın govali
c
a ˙deve.⟩/e reas iru ossi mıhun nidafai hila va ˙lu obunu tan-ai ekuhen, ivunı ge bitu kairın govali a ˙du eve.\
That evening, after sunset, when people were sleeping and no more sound(s) could be heard, she heardthe sound of (somebody) calling through the wall.
F den, kommi reiki mia nidanna onna velai, fu ˙ludigi handi aho mi be ˙nanı,den, kommi reeki mia nidanna onna velai, fu ˙ludigi handi aho mi be ˙nanı,
Then, every night when she was sleeping, the devil with the long navel came and asked,
183T13 Fu ˙lu digu han ˙dige vahaka
6
M⟨"tede
c
he.
c
a
c
imına bı
c
e? mi
c
adu havıru hukuru miskitu gibula vı faratuga
c
i, fu ˙ludigu han ˙di, kasbolu nasiga ˙dakun, bolas veli furan
c
inda dusıma_ve bunıma he?"⟩/tedek he. amına bı e? mi adu havıru hukuru miskitu gibula vı faratugai, fu ˙ludigu han ˙di, kas bolu
nasigan ˙dakun, bolas veli furan inda dusıma eve bunıma he?"\‘Is it true, Aminat Bı, did you tell (the people) that you saw the devil with the long navel shovelling
bone sand into (his) mouth with a coconut shell this evening aside of the Qibla of the Friday-Mosque?’F teda
c
tai, amina bı ai ta disi tai tima naisakaha ka
c
veli e ˙dan bolaha furanna hisu velai.tedas tai, amina bı ai ta disi tai tima naisakaha kas veli e ˙dan bolaha furanna hisu velai.
‘Is it true, Aminat Bı, that you saw me when I was shovelling bone sand into (my) mouth with acoconut shell?’
7M ⟨
c
a
c
imına bı bunñ_e nunek_e!⟩/amına bı buni e nunek e!\
Aminat Bı said: ‘No!’F be ˙num ma, amina bı be ˙nı, tima ni dakima ve ai.
be ˙num ma, amina bı be ˙nı, tima ni dakima eve ai.At his saying (so), A.B. answered, ‘I did not see (that).’
8M ⟨
c
aharen bunı, "ran nasi ko ˙lakun bolas ran furu
c
van
c
inda dusima_ve
c
eve."⟩/aharen bunı, ran nasi ko ˙lakun bolas ran furuvvan inda dusima eve eve.\
‘I said, "I saw how he was shovelling gold into (his) mouth (lit. "head") with a golden shell."’F tima dısı ta ran nasi ko ˙lakun bolaha ran furuvanna hisu velai ai.
tima dısı ta ran nasi ko ˙lakun bolaha ran furuvanna hisu velai ai.‘I saw you when you were filling gold into your mouth (lit. "head") with a (piece of a) golden coconut
shell.’
9M ⟨den hı genfa
c
i han ˙di higa
c
je.⟩/den hı genfai han ˙di hingajje.\
Then, (thus) being satisfied, the devil walked away.F be ˙num ma, den miu kakka
c
jahafe ihan ihavun ebage ai.be ˙num ma, den miu kakkak jahafe ihan ihavun ebage ai.
At (her) saying (so), he went away laughing ‘ha ha ha’.
10
M⟨
c
ane
c
ka
c
ane
c
re ves, hama
c
e danvaru
c
a
c
is
c
ehen
c
aha
c
ifi
c
eve. mi faharu ves
c
a
c
imına bı bunı,hama,
c
ehenneve.⟩/anekka anek re ves, hama e damvaru ais ehen ahaifi eve. mi faharu ves amına bı bunı, hama, ehen
eve.\Another night, at the same hour, she heard the same (words). This time too, Aminat Bı said ‘it was just
like this.’F den ene
c
reekias aho mihen ehum ma, mia be ˙nı, hama ehen ai.den enek reeki-as aho mihen ehum ma, mia be ˙nı, hama ehen ai.
Then, yet another night, when he came and asked like this, she answered in just the same way.
184 Fairy tales and Fables
11M ⟨bunumun hı genfa
c
i, higa
c
je
c
eve. mi gotas kanta
c
van fesumun,
c
a
c
imına bı hiken fasa
c
ifi
c
eve.⟩/bunumun hı genfai, hingajje eve. mi gotas kantak van fesumun, amına bı hiken fasaifi eve.\
(Once more) satisfied by (her) saying (so), he went away. As it continued to be (lit. "(the) facts havingstarted to be") this way, Aminat Bı began to lose weight (lit. "to get thin").
F e kal hasan fu ˙lu ni hise ai mi rasi.e kal hasan fu ˙lu ni hise ai mi rasi.
At that time, Hassan Fu ˙lu was not present on that island.
12
M⟨hasan takuras
c
adevunu
c
iru
c
a
c
imına bı hıvanı kasi ko ˙le
c
henneve.
c
a
c
imına bı fenifa hasan takurubune
c
peve. "
c
a
c
imına bı, ti
c
a ha hikifa tını kı
c
vegen he?"⟩/hasan takuras adevunu iru aimına bı hıvanı kasi ko ˙lek hen eve. amına bı fenifa hasan takuru
bunefi eve. amına bı, tia ha hikifa tını kık vegen he?"\When Hassan Takuru returned, Aminat Bı was (thin) like a piece of bone. When he saw Aminat Bı,
Hassan Takuru asked: ‘Aminat Bı, why have you become so thin?’F den hasan fu ˙lu mi rasaha aho be ˙nı ettakı kuma tai ta ti varaha hemaı.
den hasan fu ˙lu mi rasaha aho be ˙nı ettakı kuma tai ta ti varaha hemaı.Then, when Hassan Fu ˙lu came (back) to this island, he said ‘why are you so very thin?’
13M ⟨
c
a
c
imına bı bunñeve. hasan takuru fura
c
igen, diya fahun,⟩/amına bı buni eve. hasan takuru furaigen, dia fahun,\
Aminat Bı said: ‘after (you,) Hassan Takuru, had embarked and gone away,F be ˙num ma, be ˙nı
be ˙num ma, be ˙nıWhen he spoke (like this), (Amina Bı) said,
14
M⟨
c
e
c
duvahaku havıru, hukuru miskitu va ˙lu dosas fen bala gos hu
c ˙ta fenunı, fu ˙lu digu han ˙dimiskitu gibula vı faratuga
c
i, kas bolu nasiga ˙dakun, bolas veli furan
c
inda
c
eve.⟩/ek duvahaku havıru, hukuru miskitu va ˙lu dosas fen bala gos hu ˙t ˙ta fenunı, fu ˙lu digu han ˙di miskitu
gibula vı faratugai, kas bolu nasigan ˙dakun, bolas veli furan inda eve.\‘one day, in the evening, I went to the well of the Friday Mosque in order to get (some) water, (and
suddenly) I saw the devil with the long navel who, being near by the qibla, was shovelling bone sandinto (his) mouth (lit. "head") with a coconut shell.
F fu ˙ludigi handi kommi reiki tima nidanna onna velai, aho undagu ko hadanna hedı ai.fu ˙ludigi handi kommi reeki tima nidanna onna velai, aho undagu ko hadanna hedı ai.
‘every night, when I lie down for sleeping, the devil with the long navel comes making it difficult (forme) to do so.
15
M⟨den
c
aharen birun
c
a
c
is,
c
e vahaka mi hisabu ga ˙du mıhun gatuga bunefımeve.
c
ege fahun konmere
c
aku, fu ˙lu digu han ˙di gege bitu ka
c
iri
c
as
c
a
c
is,
c
ahanı
c
eve.⟩/den aharen birun ais, e vahaka mi hisabu gan ˙du mıhun gatuga bunefım eve. ege fahun konme
reaku, fu ˙lu digu han ˙di gege bitu kairias ais, ahanı eve.\Then, gripped by fear, I told this to the people. Ever since then, every night, the long navelled devil
comes near (our) house, asking:
185T13 Fu ˙lu digu han ˙dige vahaka
16
M⟨"tede
c
he,
c
a
c
imına bı
c
e, hukuru miskitu gibla vı faratuga
c
i fu ˙lu digu han ˙di kas bolu nasiga ˙dakunbolas veli furan
c
inda dusıma_ve bunıma he?"⟩/"tedek he, amına bı e, hukuru miskitu gibla vı faratugai fu ˙lu digu han ˙di kas bolu nasigan ˙dakun
bolas veli furan inda dusıma eve bunıma he?"\‘Is it true, Aminat Bı, that you told (the people) that you saw the long navelled devil near the qibla of
the mosque filling sand into (his) mouth (lit. "head") (with) a coconut shell?’
17
M⟨den
c
aharen bunanı, "nunek_e! ran nasi ko ˙lakun, bolas ran furu
c
van
c
inda dusıma_ve
c
eve." denhan ˙di hı genfa
c
i, higa
c
ije
c
eve ...⟩/den aharen bunanı, "nunek e! ran nasi ko ˙lakun, bolas ran furuvvan inda dusıma eve eve." den
han ˙di hı genfai, hingajje eve ...\Then I say, ‘no! I saw him filling gold into (his) mouth (lit. "head") with a golden shell.’ Then the devil
goes away, contented (as it were).’
18M ⟨hasan takuru bunñeve. mi re,
c
a
c
i ma, "
c
a
c
ek_e dusım_e." bunaseve.⟩/hasan takuru buni eve. mi re, ai ma, "aek e dusım e." bunas eve.\
Hasan Takuru said: ‘When he will come tonight, (say), "I have watched something new."’F den, be ˙nı ettakı ha ve ai tiusa mi rei la ˙da denna (?) ve.
den, be ˙nı ettakı ha ve ai tiusa mi rei la ˙da denna eve.Then he said, ‘okay, I will play a trick on him tonight.’
19
M⟨mihen bunefa gege bi
c
tac
, raga ˙las bac
dac
enme lo va ˙lec
ves, nu hunnane hen hadafac
ic
uturuc
edubi
c
dos faratu bitun, heyo varuge
c
e
c
lo va ˙lu behe
c ˙ti
c
eve.⟩/mihen bunefa gege bittak ranga ˙las badda ekme lo va ˙lek ves nu hunnane hen hadafai uturu endu
biddos faratu bitun heyo varuge ek lo va ˙lu behe ˙t ˙ti eve.\After speaking (like this), he inspected the walls of the house well, and taking care that no other hole
was present, he made one good hole into the wall beside the upper bed.
20M ⟨den lonu mirus ga ˙de
c
fu ˙duvafa
c
i, kosi va ˙li buri
c
e
c
, ta
c
yaras be
c
vi
c
eve.⟩/den lonu mirus gan ˙dek fu ˙duvafai, kosi va ˙li buriek, tayyaras bevvi eve.\
Then he prepared some salt and chili and a blunt knife.F kefe, be ˙nı ettakı tayyaro keranna ke lo ˙no miris, den kosi kosi va ˙la
c
huanna ke.kefe, be ˙nı ettakı tayyaro keranna ke lo ˙no miris, den kosi kosi va ˙lak huanna ke.
Saying so, he told her to prepare some salt and chili and then to look for a very blunt knife.
21M den, fu ˙ludigi handi am ma, be ˙nanna ke ha ve ai, hama disima ve.
den, fu ˙ludigi handi am ma, be ˙nanna ke ha eve ai, hama disima eve.Then (he told her), when the devil comes, to say ‘yes, I saw you like this’.
22M ⟨dan vumun
c
ehen rere ves, fada
c
in, fu ˙lu digu han ˙di
c
atu ve
c
je
c
eve.⟩/dam vumun ehen rere ves, fadain, fu ˙lu digu han ˙di atu vejje eve.\
When the time had come this night, the devil with the long navel appeared as usual.F den, hama e rei ba ve ai.
den, hama e rei ba ve ai.Then the (the devil) came (again) the same night.
186 Fairy tales and Fables
23M ⟨
c
a
c
is
c
ehen
c
ehumun,⟩/ais ehen ehumun,\
When he came and asked (as usual),F am ma miu be ˙nı, teda
c
tai ta disi tai naisi gan ˙dakaha ka
c
veli e ˙dan bolaha furanna hisu velai.am ma miu be ˙nı, tedas tai ta disi tai naisi gan ˙dakaha kas veli e ˙dan bolaha furanna hisu velai.
When he came, he said, ‘is it true that you saw (me) when I was filling bone sand into my mouth (lit."head") using a coconut shell?’
24M ⟨
c
a
c
imına bı bunñeve. "
c
a
c
ek_e! dusıma_ve
c
eve."⟩/amına bı buni eve. "aek e! dusıma eve eve."\Aminat Bı said: ‘Something new: I saw you!’
F be ˙num ma, amina bı be ˙nı, ha ve ai, hama disima ve.be ˙num ma, amina bı be ˙nı, ha eve ai, hama disima eve.
A.B. answered, ‘yes, I saw you like this.’
25M ⟨den
c
iven fesı ge vasa
c
igen duva
c
a ˙deve.
c
iruko ˙lakun
c
e
c
kala lo va ˙lun fu ˙lu banan fasa
c
ifi
c
eve.⟩/den iven fesı ge vasaigen duva a ˙du eve. iruko ˙lakun ek kala lo va ˙lun fu ˙lu banan fasaifi eve.\
Then (they) heard a noise (he produced) by going around the house. After a certain time he started toput his navel through the hole.
F den, hedı va ˙damakı, e tani hısi balakun fu ˙lu kullali ai.den, hedı va ˙damakı, e tani hısi balakun fu ˙lu kullali ai.
Then he pushed his navel through the hole which was there.
26M ⟨hasan takuru
c
atas kahanı
c
eve.⟩/hasan takuru atas kahanı eve.\
Hassan Takuru scratched (it) with his hand.F kullum ma hasan fu ˙lu hedı liki, fu ˙lu gan ˙do buri koliai.
kullum ma hasan fu ˙lu hedı liki, fu ˙lu gan ˙do buri koliai.When he pushed it through, Hassan Fu ˙lu cut off a piece of the navel.
27
M ⟨
c
eterige furi, beruge furi, den hus ve
c
je hen hı vı ma hasan takurufu ˙las ku
c˙li
c
e
c
, jehumun, paslafa
c
i
c
is, bituga han ˙dıge ba ˙du jehunu
c
a ˙du
c
ivi
c
je
c
eve.⟩/eterige furi, beruge furi, den hus vejje hen hı vı ma hasan takurufu ˙las ku ˙l ˙liek jehumun, pas lafai is,
bituga han ˙dıge ban ˙du jehunu a ˙du ivijje eve.\Hasan Takurufu ˙lu heard the sound of (the devil’s) hitting the wall with his belly after being blown up
inside, blown up outside, and bursting.
28
M ⟨
c
e vagutu
c
atuga
c
i
c
ot kosi da
c
bura vali tila ga ˙dakun, fu ˙luga
c
i ka
c
ta
c
i gatumun fu ˙lu vaki koslafa
c
etaga
c
i lonu mirus, ga ˙de
c c
a ˙la
c
ifi
c
eve. den te ˙ligenfa
c
i "
c
a
c
do, ma fu ˙lo! fu ˙laku, fu ˙lo!"_e govamun⟩/e vagutu atugai ot kosi dabbura vali tila gan ˙dakun, fu ˙lugai kattai gatumun fu ˙lu vaki koslafa e tagai
lonu mirus, gan ˙dek a ˙laifi eve. den te ˙ligenfai "addo, ma fu ˙lo! fu ˙laku, fu ˙lo!" e govamun\Then (Hassan Takuru) cut the navel with the blunt knife he held in his hand until having cut it through,and (he) put salt and chili on the surface of the wound. Being wounded (in this way), (the devil) cried,
‘woe, my navel, my navel!’F buri kofe, lo ˙no miris lım ma, addoi, ma fu ˙le ai.
buri kofe, lo ˙no miris lım ma, addoi, ma fu ˙le ai.After cutting it, (Hassan Takuru) applied some salt and chili, (and the devil said), ‘woe, my navel!’,
187T13 Fu ˙lu digu han ˙dige vahaka
29M ⟨duvamun gos,
c
e rasun ves fa
c
iba
c
i gen higa
c
je
c
eve.⟩/duvamun gos, e rasun ves faibai gen hingajje eve.\
and he ran away, leaving this island.F kefe, a ˙do lavan lavamun ebage ai.
kefe, a ˙do lavan lavamun ebage ai.Crying (lit. "saying") so, making continuous noise, he went away.
30M ⟨
c
ege fahun mi
c
ada
c
i jehen den ves fu ˙lu digu han ˙dige
c
udagule
c c
e
c
ves mıhakas nu fora
c
eve ....⟩/ege fahun mi adai jehen den ves fu ˙lu digu han ˙dige undagulek ekves mıhakas nu fora eve ....\
After that, nobody ever heard about difficulties produced by the long navelled devil ...
31M ⟨vahaka hu
c ˙tunı
c
eve⟩/vahaka hu ˙t ˙tunı eve\The story is finished.
188 Fairy tales and Fables
Fig. 3: Fu ˙lu digu han ˙di (cAbdullah ˙Sadiq)
T14: Makana findana
“Brother-in-law stork”
Male: cAbdullah ˙Sadiq*
* The text in the standard language was published in a newspaper; cp. fig. 4, p. 196. The English translationappeared in Finiashi: Heard in the Islands, ed. L. PRUNER, vol. 2, Male 1988, 1 ff.
190 Fairy tales and Fables
1 ⟨makana
c
idegen
c
u ˙lenı fidanage da
c
ta
c
aka
c
i
c
eve.⟩/makana indegen u ˙lenı findanage dattaak-ai eve.\Maakana was married to Findhana’s elder sister,
2 ⟨fidana
c
idegen
c
u ˙lenı, makanage ko
c
ko
c
aka
c
i
c
eve.⟩/findana indegen u ˙lenı, makanage kokkoakai eve.\
and Findhana was married to Maakana’s younger sister.
3 ⟨mi gotun makana
c
a
c
i, fidana vanı, de ˙li
c
anunnaseve.⟩/mi gotun makana-ai, findana vanı, de ˙lianunnas eve.\
Therefore, they were brothers-in-law.
4 ⟨
c
e
c
duvahaku fidana
c
a
c
is makana ˙li
c
asbe gatuga
c
i bunñeve:⟩/ek duvahaku findana ais makana ˙lianbe gatugai buni eve\
One day, Findhana came to Maakana and suggested,
5 ⟨"konme ves masa
c
kate
c
kurava higas_e,"⟩/konme ves masakkatek kurava hingas e\
"Let’s do some work."
6 ⟨makana ˙li
c
anbe bunñeve.⟩/makana ˙lianbe buni eve.\
Maakana asked,
7 ⟨"kuranı kon masa
c
kate
c
he?"⟩/kuranı kon masa
c
katek he?\"What shall we do?"
8 ⟨fidana bunñeve.⟩/findana buni eve.\Findhana answered,
9 ⟨"va ˙lu teren tanko ˙le
c
safu koslafa
c
i da ˙de
c
ha
c
dama higas_e".
c
enme raga ˙l_e!⟩/va ˙lu teren tanko ˙lek safu koslafai dan ˙dek haddama hingas e. ekme ranga ˙lu e!\
"We’ll clear a space in the woods and plant something."
10 ⟨den de ˙li
c
anun
c
e
c
bas kiyalafa va ˙lu tere
c
in tanga ˙de
c
safu kosgen, da ˙du kosa
c
i fasga ˙du jehumasfahu, ka
c ˙tala
c
inda
c
ifi
c
eve.⟩/den de ˙lianun ekbas kialafa va ˙lu terein tangan ˙dek safu kosgen, dan ˙du kosai fasgan ˙du jehumas fahu,
ka ˙t ˙tala indaifi eve.\So they agreed and started to work. They ploughed and prepared the field and planted sweet potatoes.
11 ⟨duvas ko ˙lakun da ˙du ha vanı, gayas ves
c
ara
c
igenfane henneve.⟩/duvas ko ˙lakun dan ˙du ha vanı, gayas ves araigenfane hen eve.\
The potatoes grew very well.
12 ⟨
c
e ha varu gada
c
as da ˙du hedi ka
c ˙tala konnan vı ma, fidana
c
a
c
is, makana ˙liyanbe gatuga
c
ibunñeve.⟩
/e ha varu gadaas dan ˙du hedi ka ˙t ˙tala konnan vı ma, findana ais, makana ˙liyanbe gatugai buni eve.\When it was time to harvest, Findhana went to Maakana and said,
191T14 Makana findana
13 ⟨"da ˙du
c
otı hedifa
c
eve."⟩/"dan ˙du otı hedifai eve."\
"Our potatoes are ready for harvesting.
14 ⟨ ˙li
c
anbe benun ba
c
e
c
bunas_e."⟩/ ˙lianbe benun baek bunas e."\
Which part of the field do you want?"
15 ⟨visnalafa
c
i bunñeve.⟩/visnalafai buni eve.\
After thinking for a while, Maakana decided,
16 ⟨"
c
ahannas da ˙dun bimuge ma
c
ceve."⟩/ahannas dan ˙dun bimuge mati eve.\
"I want everything above the ground."
17 ⟨fidana bunñeve.⟩/findana buni eve.\Findhana replied,
18 ⟨"
c
ahannas bimuge
c
a ˙di ta
c
eve!"⟩/ahannas bimuge a ˙di ta eve!\
"That means I will have to take what is left under the ground."
19 ⟨
c
e sahitu makana da ˙duge bimun ma
c
cas huri ka
c ˙tala kuri ta
c
kosa la
c
igen, bo ˙di
c
akas badegen gengos, gedoru ma
c
cas va
c ˙tala
c
ifi
c
eve.⟩/e sahitu makana dan ˙duge bimun maccas huri ka ˙t ˙tala kuri tak kosa laigen, bo ˙diakas badegen gen
gos, gedoru maccas va ˙t ˙talaifi eve.\They agreed. Within a short time, Maakana gathered all the leaves and stems into a pile and took them
to his home.
20 ⟨
c
e vagutu, makanage
c
anhenun nukume balalafa
c
i bunñeve.⟩/e vagutu, makanage anhenun nukume balalafai buni eve.\
His wife saw them and asked,
21 ⟨"ti
c
a
c
ı kı
c
kura bo ˙di vare
c
he
c
yeve?"⟩/tiaı kık kura bo ˙di varek heyo eve?"\
"What are these for?"
22 ⟨"mi
c
ı
c
ahuremen de ˙liyamun da ˙du ha
c
dafa
c
i
c
aharen negi ba
c
eve.⟩/miı ahuremen de ˙liyamun dan ˙du haddafai aharen negi bai eve.\
Maakana replied, "We two brothers-in-law planted a sweet potato crop and this is the share I took."
23 ⟨
c
anhenun
c
e
c
seve. "ko
c
ko gen diya
c
ı kon
c
e
c
ce
c
he?"⟩/anhenun ehi eve. kokko gen diaı kon eccek he?\"Which part did my brother take?" she inquired.
24 ⟨bunñeve. "bimuge
c
a ˙di
c
eve!⟩/buni eve. bimuge a ˙di eve!\
"What is left under the ground.""
192 Fairy tales and Fables
25 ⟨
c
anhenun bunñeve. ⟩/anhenun buni eve. \His wife exclaimed,
26 ⟨"
c
aharemen ko
c
koge huri varuge bu
c
di
c
e
c
ves, kalage neti
c
ya
c
eve.⟩/aharemen kokkoge huri varuge buddi ekves, kalage neti-ai eve.\
"You don’t have the brains my brother has.
27 ⟨ka
c ˙tala
c
ige
c
enme fa
c
ida huri ba
c
i hunnanı, bimuge
c
a ˙dıga
c
eve."⟩/ka ˙t ˙talaige ekme faida huri bai hunnanı, bimuge a ˙dıgai eve.\
In sweet potatoes, everything valuable is underground. That is where the potatoes are."
28 ⟨makana bunñeve.⟩/makana buni eve.\
Maakana said,
29 ⟨"mi faharu vı got ta
c
eve! ....⟩/mi faharu vı got ta eve! ....\
"What to do? It happened this time,
30 ⟨den faharakun, tiya hen, viyaka nu denameve."⟩/den faharakun, tia hen, viaka nu denam eve.\
but it will never happen again."
31 ⟨
c
ane
c
ka ves da ˙du ha
c
da <mausim>
c
adu ve
c
je
c
eve.⟩/anekka ves dan ˙du hadda mausim adu vejje eve.\
Soon the next farming season began.
32 ⟨
c
indane
c
e
c
caka
c
i medu fidana
c
ahalı ma ....⟩/indane eccak-ai medu findana ahalı ma ....\
Findhana went to Maakana and asked, "What shall we plant this time?"
33 ⟨makana bunı, "
c
indane
c
e
c
ce
c c
egenı ko
c
ko
c
as_e!"⟩/makana bunı, indane eccek engenı kokkoas e!\
Maakana responded, "That is up to you."
34 ⟨mi henneve. ... "
c
an ta
c
e!"⟩/mi hen eve. ... an ta e!\
So,
35 ⟨bunefa
c
i, mi faharu
c
indı zuvari
c
eve.⟩/bunefai, mi faharu indı zuari eve.\
Findhana planted corn.
36 ⟨da ˙du hedi zuvarita
c
nukume,
c
osta
c
jaha don vı ma ˙li
c
anbe
c
a ba
c
dalu vefa
c
i fidana bunñeve.⟩/dan ˙du hedi zuaritak nukume, ostak jaha don vı ma ˙lianbe-ai baddalu vefai findana buni eve.\
When the plants had grown and the corn ripened, Findhana met his brother-in-law and said,
37 ⟨"da ˙du hedi
c
je
c
eve.⟩/dan ˙du hedijje eve.\
"It is time for harvesting again.
193T14 Makana findana
38 ⟨ ˙li
c
anbe, benun ba
c
e
c ˙li
c
anbe nagas_e."⟩/ ˙lianbe, benun baek ˙lianbe nagas e.\You take which ever part you want."
39 ⟨makana bunñeve. "mi faharu
c
ahannas bimuge
c
a ˙di
c
eve."⟩/makana buni eve. mi faharu ahannas bimuge a ˙di eve.\
"This time I will take what is underground," Maakana said.
40 ⟨fidana "
c
enme raga ˙l_e!"⟩/findana, ekme ranga ˙lu e!\
Findhana replied, "All right,"
41 ⟨bunefa
c
i, gos zuvarita
c
ke ˙dı ma makana
c
e gastakuge muta
c
naga
c
igen bo ˙di
c
akas badegen gen gos,gedosas va
c ˙tala
c
ifi
c
eve.⟩/bunefai, gos zuaritak ken ˙dı ma makana e gastakuge mutak nagaigen bo ˙diakas badegen gen gos,
gedosas va ˙t ˙talaifi eve.\and cut down all the corn. When he left, Maakana dug out all the roots, and took them to his home.
42 ⟨
c
e tan dekefa
c
anhenun bunñeve.⟩/e tan dekefa anhenun buni eve.\Seeing them, his wife demanded,
43 ⟨"tiya yo
c
e" ....⟩/tia yo e ....\
"What is this?"
44 ⟨"mı mi faharu da ˙du hac
dac
igenc
ahuren negi bac
eve."⟩/mı mi faharu dan ˙du haddaigen ahuren negi bai eve.\
Maakana said, "This is my share of the corn crop."
45 ⟨ko
c
ko gen diya
c
ı kon
c
e
c
ce
c
he?"⟩/kokko gen diaı kon eccek he?\
"Which part did my brother take?"
46 ⟨makana zuvabu dineve. "bimuge ma
c
ceve."⟩/makana zuabu din eve, bimuge mati eve."\
"What is above the ground."
47 ⟨
c
anhenun, < ˙hayran> vefa
c
i, bunñeve.⟩/anhenun, ˙hayran vefai, buni eve.\
His wife complained,
48 ⟨ñaki tiya
c
ı!⟩⟨ñaki tiaı⟩
"You are very foolish.
49 ⟨zuvarige fa
c
ida huri ba
c
i hunnanı, bimuge matıga
c
eve.⟩/zuarige faida huri bai hunnanı bimuge matıgai eve.\
The nutritious part of corn is above the ground.
50 ⟨ka ˙le
c
akı, bo ˙du moya
c
ekeve."⟩/ka ˙leakı, bo ˙du moyaek eve.\
You are mad."
194 Fairy tales and Fables
51 ⟨makana bunñeve.⟩/makana buni eve.\Then the stork said,
52 ⟨mi faharu vı got ta
c
eve!⟩/mi faharu vı got ta eve!\
"What to do? It happened this time.
53 ⟨den faharakun hama hila tiya hene
c
nu vane
c
eve."⟩/den faharakun hama hila tia henek nu vane eve.\
It won’t happen again."
54 ⟨
c
ane
c
ka ves da ˙du ha
c
dane
c
uven fasa
c
ifi
c
eve.⟩/anekka ves dan ˙du haddane uven fasaifi eve.\
Once more, when the next season began, they started their farming.
55 ⟨mi faharu ves, fidana, ˙liyanbe kuren
c
indanı kon
c
e
c
ce
c
to
c
ahali
c
eve.⟩/mi faharu ves, findana, ˙liyanbe kuren indanı kon eccek to ahali eve.\
This time again, Findhana asked his brother-in-law, what to plant.
56 ⟨
c
ena bunı, tiya got
c
egenı hama ko
c
koyas_e"
c
eve.⟩/ena bunı, tia got engenı hama kokkoyas e eve.\This one said, the one who knows best, are you.
57 ⟨mi faharu
c
inda hi
c
tala
c
eve.⟩/mi faharu inda hittala eve.\
They planted hiththala.
58 ⟨da ˙du hedi hi
c
tala fa
c
iba duvas vı ma, fidana bunñeve.⟩/dan ˙du hedi hittala faiba duvas vı ma, findana buni eve.\
At harvest time, Findhana asked his brother-in-law
59 ⟨"da ˙du hedi
c
je
c
eve. benun ba
c
e
c
bunu
c
vas_e."⟩/dan ˙du hedijje eve. benun baek bunuvvas e.\
to choose his share.
60 ⟨fikuru koslafa
c
i bunñeve.⟩/fikuru koslafai buni eve.\
Maakana said,
61 ⟨"mi faharu bebe
c
as bimun ma
c
ceve."⟩/mi faharu bebeas bimun mati eve."\
"This time I want what is above the ground."
62 ⟨
c
enme raga ˙l_e bunefa
c
i bunñeve.⟩/ekme ranga ˙lu e bunefai buni eve.\
Findhana said, "All right.
63 ⟨"tiya henna bebe gos bebege ba
c
i kosala
c
igen gendaseve.⟩/tia hen-ai bebe gos bebege bai kosalaigen gendas eve.\
Go and take the part you want."
195T14 Makana findana
64 ⟨bo ˙du vefa
c
i varu gada
c
ı ves ˙li
c
anbe ti
c ˙ta
c
eve!"⟩/bo ˙du vefai varu gadaı ves ˙lianbe ti ˙t ˙t-ai eve!\
65 ⟨hi
c
tala gastakuge fattaka kabo ko ˙lita
c
bo ˙di
c
akas badegen tubula
c
igen,
c
ufalun makana gos gedoruma
c
cas va
c ˙talı ma⟩/hittala gastakuge fattak-ai kabo ko ˙litak bo ˙diakas badegen tumbulaigen, ufalun makana gos gedoru
maccas va ˙t ˙talı ma\So, Maakana gathered up all the leaves and stems and took them to his home.
66 ⟨
c
anhenun
c
e hen faharu faharu ves fada
c
in mı kon
c
e
c
ce
c
to
c
aha
c
ifi
c
eve.⟩/anhenun e hen faharu faharu ves fadain mı kon eccek to ahaifi eve.\
As in the previous times, his wife demanded, "What is this?"
67 ⟨mi
c
ı mi faharu hi
c
tala da ˙dun
c
aharen negi ba
c
eve. bimun ma
c
ceve."⟩/miı mi faharu hittala dan ˙dun aharen negi bai eve. bimun mati eve.\
Maakana answered, "This is my share from the hiththala field."
68 ⟨
c
anhenun
c
antarıs vefa
c
i bunñeve.⟩/anhenun antarıs vefai buni eve.\Then his wife was angry and said,
69 ⟨tiya
c
ı hama raga ˙lu moya
c
ekeve.⟩/tiaı hama ranga ˙lu moyaek eve.\
"You are a real fool.
70 ⟨hic
talac
ige fac
ida huri bac
i hunnanı bimugec
a ˙dıgac
eve." .....⟩/hittalaige faida huri bai hunnanı bimuge a ˙dıgai eve. .....\
In hiththala everything valuable will be underground."
71 ⟨makana
c
is dasas jahala
c
igen
c
idefa bunñeve.⟩/makana is dasas jahalaigen indefa buni eve.\
Maakana pondered what she said.
72 ⟨"mi huri ha bo ˙di
c
e
c
ves
c
ahannas mi libunı ˙li
c
an ko
c
ko
c
a hure
c
eve.⟩/mi huri ha bon ˙diek ves ahannas mi libunı ˙lian kokko-ai hure eve.\He concluded, "All this has happened because of my brother-in-law.
73 ⟨
c
e
c
ce
c
bunakas ves nu kurene nun he! ....⟩/eccek bunakas ves nu kurene nun he! ....\
But, what can I say?
74 ⟨
c
e hen vı ma den
c
enaya
c
ekı
c
u ˙lun hu
c ˙talı
c
e".⟩/e hen vı ma den enaya ekı u ˙lun hu ˙t ˙talı e.\
After all he is my brother-in-law. So, I’ll stop working with him."
75 ⟨(vahaka ves nimunı
c
eve).⟩/(vahaka ves nimunı eve).\
196 Fairy tales and Fables
Fig. 4: Makana findana (cAbdullah ˙Sadiq)
T15: Fileima ˙di
“Filomadi”*
A ˙d ˙du: ˙Hassan Sacıd
* The English translation by ABDULLAH SHAVI (based on an oral version by KARAANGE FATHMA DIDI, Fua
c
Mulaku) was published in Finiashi: Heard in the Islands, ed. L. PRUNER, vol. 4, Male 1989, 4 ff.
198 Fairy tales and Fables
1 ete
c
zamana kurin, fari fileima ˙die bekakai baddala koffi.etek zamana kurin, fari fileima ˙dia bekak-ai baddala kosfi..
Long, long ago a reef flounder met a beki.
2 e duvahi fileima ˙diege lo hisı eage bole de farati, ehen husi hei mahamennas hinne leka
c
.e duvahi fileima ˙diage lo hisı eage bole de farati, ehen husi hei mahamen-as hinne lekas..
At that time the flounder had an eye on each side of its head, like all the other fish.
3 de mahias vara
c
(gina) kudu kudu, ka
c
be ˙nun ni ve kahalei kasi tibei.de mahi-as varas gina kudu kudu, kas be ˙nun ni ve kahalei kasi tibei..
Both fish have a great many small bones, making them undesirable for food.
4 rad rasi mıhun e kai ven ˙denı ka ˙lela maha
c
nuata kan ˙di ven ˙de ehem maha
c
ni libe ˙ne fehe.ras rasi mıhun e kai ven ˙denı ka ˙lela mahak nuata kan ˙di ven ˙de ehen mahak ni libe ˙ne fehe..
Islanders eat them only when they cannot get tuna and other big ocean fish.
5 miamen baddala vı mei, maha vahaka dakka
c
fasaga
c
.miamen baddala vı mei, maha vahaka dakkas fasagat..
Upon their meeting, the fish began a conversation with each other.
6 e de mahun kure mahaka
c
gayes enehaka vanı itiri sifa netumuge sababun ege deverie (deeti)ehaka enehaka gai tibi kasıge adadai deetere a ˙da lavai arairun ve
c
fa ˙t ˙tafie.e de mahun kure mahak-a gai-es enehak-a vanı itiri sifa netumuge sababun ege de-verie (de-eti)
ehak-a enehak-a gai tibi. kasıge adad-ai de-etere a ˙da lavai arairun ves fa ˙t ˙tafie.As they were insignificant fish with little to brag about, they started boasting about the great number of
bones they had, teasing each other.
7 e deetıge zuabuge mede everie masveriakai dima emberigen ahafie:e de-etıge zuabuge mede everie masveriak-ai dima emberigen ahafie:.
In the midst of their argument they turned to a fisherman, asking,
8 "afirin kuren emme kasi ginei kanka gai?afirin kuren ekme kasi gineı kanka gai?.
"Which of us has the most bones?"
9 ede javvab derefi:ede javvab derefi:.
He answered,
10 "beka gai fileima ˙diav vanı ek kasi itirau hisei."beka gai fileima ˙dias vanı ek kasi itiras hisei..
"The beki has one more bone than the filomadi."
11 beka hiu hama jehegen kiburuverikamai ekı fatamun ebege.beka hit hama jehegen kiburuverikam-ai ekı fatamun ebege..
Relieved, the beki swam away proudly.
12 mi rihikulaige (= rihikulai) maha minivankamai ekı eterevarieai gonodasieai koreai fata velei ta
c
mi kalas fenehe.mi rihikulaige (rihikulai) maha minivankam-ai ekı eterevarie-ai gonodasie-ai kore-ai fata velei tas
mi kal-as fenehe..You can still see this silvery fish, swimming freely in lagoons and inshore lakes.
199T15 Fileima ˙di
13 e vagute fileima ˙die onnei fara matte hitamaverikamai ekı gova govai.e vagute fileima ˙die onneı fara matte hitamaverikam-ai ekı gova govai..Meanwhile, the flounder remained on the reef, sadly crying and crying.
14 e hei bara lo fuhumuge sababun eage lo bole ef farataka
c
kassagen ebege.e hei bara lo fuhumuge sababun eage lo bole ek faratakas kassagen ebege..
She wept so hard that both eyes slid onto one side of her head.
15 mi kamai deetere vı dera bon ˙dakamun ef fahun fileima ˙die amunge etere fetun hu ˙t ˙talai a ˙diauebege.
mi kam-ai de-etere vı dera bon ˙dakamun ek fahun fileima ˙die amunge etere fetun hu ˙t ˙talai a ˙diasebege..
Deeply ashamed of her defeat, she no longer swam about openly, but went to the bottom.
16 adas ee adias vara
c
ladagani.adu-as ea adi-as varas ladagani.
Nowadays, still very shy,
17 ea onnei e kalaki deagan ˙di hinne kula gau aruva aruvai a ˙die vesifei.ea onneı e kalaki deagan ˙di hinne kula gas aruva aruvai a ˙die vesifei..
she lies flat, camouflaging herself with the drab color of the ocean floor.
18 takau ea otı kontaki kan be ˙na
c
ni engehe, vara
c
kaverin fari omau tela tantan ni bala fehena.takas ea otı kontaki kam be ˙nas ni engehe, varas kaverin fari omas tela tantan ni bala fehena..
You cannot tell where she is, unless you look very closely at the smooth places of the reef in shallowwater.
19 mı fileima ˙die eage adai xilafu mu ˙nai ada kadata
c
libe ˙ne go
c
.mı fileima ˙die eage adai xilafu mu ˙nu-ai ada kadatak libe ˙ne got..
And that is how the filomadi got her strange face and habits.
200 A Dives akuru Document (Fatko ˙lu)
Fig. 5: Fatko ˙lu F6
T16: Nadalla Takuru*
Addu: ˙Hassan Sacıd
* The English translation by ABDULLAH SHAVI (based on an oral version by MAGIEDURUGE IBRAHIM DIDI,Fua
c
Mulaku), was published in Finiashi: Heard in the Islands, ed. L. PRUNER, vol. 5, Male 1990, 13 ff.
202 Fairy tales and Fables
1 nadellakı huvadu ate ˙le hu ˙langa matte farati fara
c
kaverie onna rasa
c
.nadellakı huvadu ate ˙le hu ˙langa matte farati faras kaverie onna rasak..
Nadalla is an island located on the long coral reef fringing the western side of Huvadu Atoll.
2 takuru ve hai bon ˙da vı e rasi evvias taulıman ni libi.takuru ve hai bon ˙da vı e rasi ek-vi-as taulıman ni libi..
Takuru was born and raised in Nadalla, but received no schooling.
3 ehen vi mei, eakı e rasi hisi emme fakıri taulıman ne
c
mıha kamugai vege.ehen vi mei, eakı e rasi hisi ekme fakıri taulıman net mıha kamugai vege..
Therefore, he became the poorest and least educated man in his island.
4 ea bon ˙da vi mei, eau engige anhen kudin ea
c
vahaka dakka
c
be ˙nun nun kan.ea bon ˙da vi mei, eas engige anhen kudin eas vahaka dakkas be ˙nun nun kam..
When he came of age, he realised the girls did not want to talk with him.
5 ee fakıri hale lena
c
ke
c
ni engi hisi velei, evvias mıhaka
c
ea
c
heu edeka
c
be ˙numa
c
nun.ea fakıri hale lenas kes ni engi hisi velei, ek-vi-as mıhakas eas heu edekas be ˙numak nun..
No one esteemed him since he was impoverished and illiterate.
6 eau hı vege, emmennas eei deetere balanı nikameti ko
c
kama
c
.eas hı vege, ekmen-as eai de-etere balanı nikameti kos kamak..
He resented being despised by everyone.
7 mi kamai deetere hiu hama ni jehigen, ede ege ra
c
du koffei a ˙d ˙du ate ˙le deku ˙ne rasakau ebege.mi kam-ai de-etere hit hama ni jehigen, ede ege ras du koffei a ˙d ˙du ate ˙le deku ˙ne rasakas ebege..
Disgusted with his situation, he left his island and sailed south to Addu Atoll.
8 ee enun rad rasias hinnac
masakkac
ke ˙de fehenas, evvias mıha eei deetere heu gotakac
ni beli.ea enun ras rasi-as hinnas masakkat ke ˙de fehena-as, ek-vi-as mıha eai de-etere heu gotakas ni
beli..Although he tried staying in several islands, nobody paid much attention to him.
9 eage vahaka dekkun ma ranga ˙la
c
nun adi ea
c
ni engei mıhun hi
c
jehe kahalei vahaka ke
c
evennaivahaka dakka
c
.eage vahaka dekkun ma ranga ˙lak nun adi eas ni engei mıhun hit jehe kahalei vahaka kes even-ai
vahaka dakkas..His way of talking was unrefined and he did not know any good stories or how to discuss interesting
things.
10 emme fahun ede e ra
c
du koffei hanke ˙dau ebege.ekme fahun ede e ras du koffei hanke ˙das ebege..
Finally, he settled in the island of Hankede.
10a emme fahun ede hanke ˙de au ke rasi vazamveri vega
c
.ekme fahun ede hanke ˙de au ke rasi vazamveri vegat..
(Finally he became a settler in the island named Hanke ˙de.)
11 e tani ede mussanti mıhunna
c
rukau arai kaisi e ˙dai de
c
fasafi.e tani ede mussanti mıhunnas rukas arai kaisi e ˙dai des fasafi..
There he climbed palm trees and harvested coconuts for rich people.
12 tin ahara
c
fahun ede havva au ke anhen kudakai indefi.tin aharas fahun ede havva au ke anhen kudak-ai indefi..
After three years, he married a girl named Havva.
13 "makı mi ko hama eka ˙ni fakırak-au" e kambulege ekehe be ˙nafi.makı mi ko hama eka ˙ni fakırak-au, e kambulege ekehe be ˙nafi..
"I am only a poor man now," he told her.
203T16 Nadalla Takuru
14 "ehen fehenas, ma ravafei otı mada aharatekaka
c
faha
c
mussanti mıhun kamau hita mıhaka
c
vegen, ambara (emberi)] rasau e
c
."ehen fehena-as, ma ravafei otı mada aharatekakas fahas mussanti mıhun kamas hita mıhakas
vegen, ambara (emberi). rasas es."But I have a scheme for returning to my island in a few years rich and respected."
15 mi vahaka kei derefei, evvias mıhaka
c
ekehe ni be ˙na
c
kei e kambulege ekehe ede be ˙nafi.mi vahaka kei derefei, ek-vi-as mıhakas ekehe ni be ˙nas kei e kambulege ekehe ede be ˙nafi..
He confided his plan to her and warned her not to tell anybody about it.
16 everie hanke ˙de eu ahara
c
nuata eav vanı gina duvaha
c
ufaverikamai ekı ven ˙difie, hisabaka
c
fakırikan i ˙hsas ke ˙dun nun fehe.everie hanke ˙de ek aharas nuata eas vanı gina duvahas ufaverikam-ai ekı ven ˙difie, hisabakas
fakırikam i ˙hsas ke ˙dun nu. fehe.They lived in Hankede for a year or so, and were happy except for the limitations of their poverty.
17 e ra
c
du ke ˙dumuge kurie takuru ege timbili digi koffi.e ras du ke ˙dumuge kurie takuru ege timbili digi kosfi..
Shortly before leaving, Takuru grew a long beard
18 adi hudu annaye ea amella rakko ke ˙de faisa
c
ginafi.adi hudu annaye ea amella rakko ke ˙de faisas ginafi..
and bought beautiful white clothes for himself with his hard earned savings.
19 ea vehi rasau eage anhenunnai ekı ba ˙t ˙telakun ede furafi.ea vehi rasas eage anhenun-ai ekı ba ˙t ˙telakun ede furafi..
He sailed with his wife on a batteli back to the island of his birth.
20 huvadu ate ˙lac
foramun, ea feratumac
ma ˙da ke ˙deı fiorie.huvadu ate ˙las foramun, ea feratumas ma ˙da ke ˙deı fiorie..
Reaching Huvadu atoll it stopped first at the island of Fiori.
21 takuru den gasdu koffi eage revun fasa
c
.takuru den gasdu koffi eage revun fasas..
Takuru decided he would try his plan there.
22 ede hudu gamıha
c
lagen mun ˙du endegen, gonodasau ebege.ede hudu gamıhak lagen mun ˙du endegen, gonodasas ebege..
He donned his white shirt and mundu and went ashore.
23 kiburuverikamai bon ˙dakan dakkamun ede emmenna
c
anguvafi, ea aı, hatara ahara ve ti ko
c
,arabikarai hise kiavagen kan.
kiburuverikam-ai bon ˙dakam dakkamun ede ekmennas anguvafi, ea aı, hatara ahara ve ti kos,arabikarai hise kiavage. kam.
Adopting a proud, aloof attitude, he informed everyone he had just completed four years of study inArabia.
24 mıha ee gabulu koffie, everie ea
c
geu e
c
davvatu derefie.mıha ea gabulu koffie, everie eas ges es davvatu derefie..
The people believed him. They invited him into their homes,
25 adi ea
c
ranga ˙la ka
c
derefei hadias derefie.adi eas ranga ˙la kas derefei hadia-as derefie..
and gave him good food and gifts.
26 ehen vı mei, ede nimmafi eage revun kamiabu kama
c
.ehen vı mei, ede nimmafi eage revun kamiabu kamak..
So, he concluded, "My plan works."
204 Fairy tales and Fables
27 reigan ˙daki mauludu ke
c
ee davvat libe ˙ne mei, ee vara
c
jehilun vege.reigan ˙daki mauludu kes ea davvat libe ˙ne mei, ea varas jehilun vege..
When he was invited to take part in a Maulud at night, Takuru became a bit nervous.
28 eage anhenun eau handan ko
c
derefi "to bala, mı husi hei kalaki fasseha kama
c
nun".eage anhenun eas handan kos derefi. to bala, mı husi hei kalaki fasseha kamak nun..
His wife reminded him, "You see, it’s not always so easy."
29 lada gatun nuata e tan geun nun fehe ne
c
kama
c
hı koffei ede ravafi.lada gatun nuata e tan geun nun fehe net kamak hı koffei ede ravafi..
Knowing he must go or lose face, he developed a plan of action.
30 rasi tibi hei musku ˙lin eage vasai irifei tibe everie mauludu fa ˙t ˙ta
c
kei be ˙nafie.rasi tibi hei musku ˙lin eage vasai irifei tibe everie mauludu fa ˙t ˙tas kei be ˙nafie..
When the most venerable old men of the island gathered around him and sat down, they asked him tostart the Maulud.
31 ehen vı mei, ee hite etere ravafei o
c
go
c
matin ede macnane
c
etta
c
ke
c
fasafi.ehen vı mei, ea hite etere ravafei ot got matin ede macnanek ettak kes fasafi..
So, maintaining his dignified attitude, he began chanting nonsense,
32 ege etere bae divehi akurai arabi a ˙dai himenei.ege etere bae divehi akura-ai arabi a ˙da-ai himenei..
combining Maldivian words and Arabic sounds.
33 emmennasas ee kei etta
c
engei kama
c
hı koffei ede hama jehige.ekmennas-as ea kei ettak engei kamak hı koffei ede hama jehige..
He convinced everyone he knew what he was saying. So he fared better than he expected.
34 husi hei kama
c
ranga ˙la vehe kamugai balagen, ede emberi eage rasau ebege.husi hei kamak ranga ˙la vehe kamugai balagen, ede emberi eage rasas ebege..
Very optimistically, he resumed his journey back to his island.
35 ede e tanias ranga ˙la
c
ven ˙de
c
fasafi.ede e tani-as ranga ˙las ven ˙des fasafi..
There he managed extremely well too.
36 mıha ee kamau hitai eage lafas hodai miskide duaverikan kiavai dinumasas edeta.mıha ea kamas hitai eage lafas hodai miskide duaverikan kiavai dinumas-as edeta..
People respected him, sought his advice, and often he was asked to lead prayers at the mosque.
37 ee eki ge ge dınuge kanteti kerasas gini gos ranga ˙la ka
c
etteti dere tafatu go
c
gota
c
kamauhitata.
ea eki ge ge dınuge kanteti keras-as gini gos ranga ˙la kas etteti dere tafatu got gotak kamas hitata..He was invited to make religious chants in houses and was given good food and treated with deference.
38 ee libe ˙ne tafatu hadiage sababun ee tanavas mıhaka
c
vege.ea libe ˙ne tafatu hadiage sababun ea tanavas mıhakas vege..He became wealthy from the many presents people gave him.
39 eage anhenun hanke ˙de havva eai deetere vara
c
ufa vei.eage anhenun hanke ˙de havva eai de etere varas ufa vei..
His wife, Hankede Havva, was very happy with him.
40 ehen fehenas, e
c
duvahaki ege nimun kaveri vege.ehen fehena-as, ek duvahaki ege nimun kaveri vege..
But inevitably, one day this came to an end.
205T16 Nadalla Takuru
41 huvadu ate ˙le vadu hinne arabi bas denne nakatteria e
c
duvahaki e rasun fenige.huvadu ate ˙le vadu hinne arabi bas denne nakatteria ek duvahaki e rasun fenige..
A nakatteriya from the island of Vadu in the same atoll who was well versed in Arabic, appeared inNadalla.
42 ea mıhun mu ˙ne e ˙dafei ve ka ˙nafa
c
nagala ˙ne mıhaka
c
beheti hen hı vege fehe, ede aba dasas darahodasau kefei fa ˙la rasakau ebei.
ea mıhun mu ˙ne e ˙dafei ve ka ˙nafat nagala ˙ne mıhakas beheti hen hı vege fehe, ede aba dasas darahodas-au kefei fa ˙la. rasakas ebei.
Usually, Takuru made an excuse to get firewood from a deserted island whenever he heard an importantperson was expected, avoiding those who could unmask him.
43 ehen fehenas, mi mıhakı (mıhakı) mi kan dene hisi mıhaka
c
ve hedı, ea aı takurua
c
ni anguvaisidrun.
ehen fehena-as, mi mıhakı (mıhakı) mi kan dene hisi mıhakas ve hedı, ea aı takuruas ni anguvaisirrun..
But this man was an unassuming man who arrived quietly and caught Takuru completely off guard.
44 e ilmuveria geaka
c
van ko, takuru inı e ge etere ek kani fotakun ke kamau hede
c
.e ilmuveria geakas van ko, takuru inı e ge etere ek kani fotakun ke kamas hedes..
The scholar entered a house while Takuru was chanting in a corner, pretending to read from a book.
45 ege kurimatte, kelei anda andai hisi.ege kurimatte, kelei anda andai hisi..
A stick of sandalwood burned in front of him.
46 takuru ke ettaki a ˙da ahagen e ilmuveria ajaibu vege, ea kenı kon etta
c
kan ni engi.takuru ke ettaki a ˙da ahagen e ilmuveria ajaibu vege, ea kenı kon ettak kam ni engi..
Listening to Takuru’s chant the educated man wondered, "What is he saying?"
47 takuru kaverie hisi meze kaverie hu ˙t ˙tigen hise ede e fota
c
balafi.takuru kaverie hisi meze kaverie hu ˙t ˙tigen hise ede e fotas balafi..
Going to stand beside the table next to Takuru, he glanced at the book.
48 e fo
c
lefei hisı bon ˙da arabi akurun.e fot lefei hisı bon ˙da arabi akurun..
It was written in bold Arabic characters.
49 ta kiavanı mi fotun tau takuru ekuhun ede ahafi.ta kiavanı mi fotun tau takuru ekuhun ede ahafi..
"Were you reading this?" he asked Takuru.
50 mi tani etau ahara
c
ve ti ko
c
, mıhunge kamau hitun libigen hisefei, takuru ma ˙da ma ˙dun be ˙nafi,"hau".
mi tani etak aharas ve ti kos, mıhunge kamas hitun libigen hisefei, takuru ma ˙da ma ˙dun be ˙nafi,"ha-au"..
Having been respected here for years Takuru replied with imperturbable calm, "Yes."
51 tai (= takı) ete
c
mıhun o ˙lova mıhakau ede be ˙nafi.tai (takı) etek mıhun o ˙lova mıhak-au ede be ˙nafi..
"You are an imposter!" the man declared.
52 adi ate ˙leverin ekehe be ˙nasumau as be ˙ni.adi ate ˙leverin ekehe be ˙nasum-au-as be ˙ni..
"I will tell the Atoll Chief about you".
206 Fairy tales and Fables
53 takuruge kulavara badalu vege.takuruge kulavara badalu vege..Takuru’s expression changed.
54 biri verikamun furigen ede ehen ni hadau adees koffi.biri verikamun furigen ede ehen ni hadas adees kosfi..
Filled with fear, he begged him not to do so.
55 nakatteriage hiu hama jassai denuma
c
ede eage hitamaveri zuan duvasvaruge vahaka kei derefi.nakatteriage hit hama jassai denumas ede eage hitamaveri zuan duvasvaruge vahaka kei derefi..
He told him about his sad youth, hoping to warm the nakatteriya’s heart.
56 ehen fehenas, mi mıha eage go
c
du ni kera
c
vegen ede e rasi verikan kera ra
c
tenaduvau ebege.ehen fehena-as, mi mıha eage got du ni keras vegen ede e rasi verikam kera ras tenaduvas ebege..
But this man was relentless in his resolve. He went to the capital island Havaru Tinadu,
57 adi miage vahaka ate ˙leveria ekehe be ˙nafi.adi miage vahaka ate ˙leveria ekehe be ˙nafi..and revealed the truth to the Atoll Chief.
58 e rasi nadelle mıhun o ˙lovagen, timaı arabi kiavagen hisi mıhakau kefei ven ˙de mıhau ebihi
c
.e rasi nadelle mıhun o ˙lovagen, timaı arabi kiavagen hisi mıhak-au kefei ven ˙de mıhak ebihis..
"There is a wretched man on this island Nadalla who claims he spent four years studying in Arabia.
59 hagı gati ea e duvasvara heda ke ˙deı divehi rukau ara
c
hanke ˙de.hagı gati ea e duvasvara heda ke ˙deı divehi rukas aras hanke ˙de..Actually he spent that time in Hankede climbing coconut palms."
60 ate ˙leveria takuru hodac
bakim fen ˙duvafi.ate ˙leveria takuru hodas bakin fen ˙duvafi..
The atoll chief sent a party of men to find Takuru.
61 everie havara tenaduvau ea baginata.everie havara tenaduvas ea baginata..They brought him to Havaru Tinadu.
62 sateka eti fara
c
jessuma
c
fahi ee ambarai nadella
c
fen ˙duvalie.sateka eti farak jessumas fahi ea ambarai nadellas fen ˙duvalie..
After giving him a hundred lashes, they sent him back to Nadalla.
63 takuru e ˙di ka ˙nafa
c
nege ˙ne mei hanke ˙de havva ladun mara ve vara
c
vi.takuru e ˙di ka ˙nafat nege ˙ne mei hanke ˙de havva ladun mara ve varas vi..
When Takuru was unmasked, Hankede Havva thought she would die of shame.
64 mi nikameti kan ihusas koggen, e kambulege ea du kollai ambarai a ˙d ˙du ate ˙la
c
ebege.mi nikameti kam ihusas kosgen, e kambulege ea du koslai ambarai a ˙d ˙du ate ˙las ebege..
Feeling deceived she left him and went back to Addu Atoll.
65 takuru eage umurun bakı hisi duvas nadellai heda ke ˙deı fakıri rasi mıhun kamau ni hitamıhakage gote.
takuru eage umurun bakı hisi duvas nadellai heda ke ˙deı fakıri rasi mıhun kamas ni hita mıhakagegote..
Takuru remained in Nadalla the rest of his life, the poorest and least respected man in the island.
T17: Juha
A ˙d ˙du: cAlı Ma ˙nikufanu
208 Fairy tales and Fables
1 e
c
duvahi, den mi juhau ke mıha eba ven ˙dei.ek duvahi, den mi juha-au ke mıha eba ven ˙dei..
Once upon a time, there lived a man named Juha.
2 vara
c
ban ˙du ha hai hune jehi, vara
c
nikameti ko
c
ven ˙denı.varas ban ˙du ha hai hune jehi, varas nikameti ko
c
ven ˙denı..He was (lit. "lived") very poor and very weak from hunger.
3 den hisı rasgefanu.den hisı rasgefanu..
Furthermore (lit. "then"), there was a king.
4 rasgefanu hinnei kai ban ˙da bon ˙do koggen.rasgefanu hinnei kai ban ˙da bon ˙do koggen..
The king was living (well by) making himself a big stomach by eating.
5 juhaka
c
kahetta
c
ni libe.juhaka
c
kahetta
c
ni libe..But Juha received nothing for eating.
6 vara
c
ban ˙du hau ve vagutu ai.vara
c
ban ˙du hau ve vagutu ai..By the time he became more (and more) hungry.
7 mehen vegen, juha rasgefanau hasadaveri vege.mehen vegen, juha rasgefanau hasadaveri vege..Because of this, Juha started envying the king.
8 den, juha hita erı rasgefana
c
bon ˙dia
c
desumau.den, juha hita erı rasgefana
c
bon ˙dia
c
desumau..Thus, it came to his mind, ‘I am going to play a trick on him.’
9 hitau arafe, rasgefanu hukurau e magi meda
c
hedi lekakı gos, bon ˙do gufala
c
lafi.hitau arafe, rasgefanu hukurau e magi meda
c
hedi lekakı gos, bon ˙do gufala
c
lafi..It had come to (his) mind to lay a big dropping into the middle of the road where the king used to go to
the Friday prayer.
10 lafei, hedi lekakı, bole o
c
bolun koppa nagen gufale matte e ˙dagen de farati de a
c
e ˙dagen obaga
c
.lafei, hedi lekakı, bole o
c
bolun koppa nagen gufale matte e ˙dagen de farati de a
c
e ˙dagen obaga
c
..After laying it he took off the cap which he had on (his) head, put it on the dropping and pressed (it
with his) two hands on both sides.
11 den, (mehen hadagen o
c
velei), rasgefanu hukura
c
va ˙dagannavamun juha mehen hadagen o
c
veleifenigen rasgefanu suala koffi, bala juhau, ta te otı kehenaka
c
hadagen tau?den, (mehen hadagen o
c
velei), rasgefanu hukura
c
va ˙dagannavamun juha mehen hadagen o
c
veleifenigen rasgefanu. suala koffi, bala juhau, ta te otı kehenaka
c
hadagen tau?Then, when the king was ambulating to the Friday prayer and appeared where Juha was doing this, the
king asked, ‘look, Juha, why are you doing this?’
12 be ˙ni mei kefi, manipu ˙lau, dene his tau tima disı ranun o
c
dı ˙nakau.be ˙ni mei kefi, manipu ˙lau, dene his tau tima disı ranun o
c
dı ˙nakau..Being asked (so), he said, ‘excellency, did you (not) know that I saw a bird from gold?
13 e dı ˙na uduhigen e velei, tima bole ou etigan ˙da nagafei, elli mei dı ˙na dasi vege au.e dı ˙na uduhigen e velei, tima bole ou etigan ˙da nagafei, elli mei dı ˙na dasi vege au..
When this bird flew up, I lifted the thing which was on my head, threw it and so the bird got under it.
209T17 Juha
14 den ingen as, jehe ˙ne mei tima mi otı e ˙dai obagenau.den ingen as, jehe ˙ne mei tima mi otı e ˙dai obagenau..
Thus, it fell down, and since it hit the ground, I have been holding (it) by pressing (it).
15 tima mia naga
c
eu at-as du kollı fehe, mia ebe ˙neti mi otı au.tima mia naga
c
eu at-as du kollı fehe, mia ebe ˙neti mi otı au..If I let loose but one hand to take it, it might happen that it disappears.’
16 manipu ˙lau mia nagai derefelak kei.manipu ˙lau mia nagai derefelak kei..
He said: ‘Sultan, would you please lift this (for me)!’
17 be ˙ni mei, rasgefanu tofigan ˙di hifafei, halalai naga
c
hingi mei, juha kefi, manipu ˙lau, tehen kamini esiau.
be ˙ni mei, rasgefanu tofigan ˙di hifafei, halalai naga
c
hingi mei, juha kefi, manipu ˙lau, tehen kami niesiau..
When the king grasped the hat, and tried to lift (it) while holding (it), Juha said, ‘excellency, in thisway it may not work (lit. "go").’
18 e
c
farati dasun a
c
kulla
c
kei.e
c
farati dasun a
c
kulla
c
kei..He told him to push his hand under (the hat on) one side.
19 be ˙ni mei, rasgefanu ma ˙da ma ˙dun ma ˙da ma ˙dun toppigan ˙di etera
c
a
c
veduvi mei, ma ˙da etta
c
atijehige.
be ˙ni mei, rasgefanu ma ˙da ma ˙dun ma ˙da ma ˙dun toppigan ˙di etera
c
a
c
veduvi mei, ma ˙da etta
c
atijehige..
When the king very very slowly pushed his hand inside the hat, it (the hand) touched something soft.
20 jehe ˙ne mei, misi fihaga
c
.jehe ˙ne mei, misi fihaga
c
..When it touched (that), he closed (his) fist.
21 misi fihaga
c
mei, ati ahurun ahurun gu divage.misi fihaga
c
mei, ati ahurun ahurun gu divage..After closing his fist, the excrements started running through the fingers of (his) hand.
22 juha hedı lekakı, ba ˙di ba ˙di lafei divi ebege.juha hedı lekakı, ba ˙di ba ˙di lafei divi ebege..
Juha, however, ran away, moving his body to and fro.
210 A Dives akuru Document (Fatko ˙lu)
Fig. 6: Fatko ˙lu F9
T18: Buddiveri musa ˙lo*
The wise rabbit
Fua
c
Mulaku: Aminat Mu ˙hammad Sacıd
* This is a well-known story from the Old Indic Pañcatantra (I, 8 in the edition M.R. KALE, Pañcatantra ofVi ˙s ˙nusarman, 3rd ed., Delhi 1982, 46 ff.); for other versions of the fable cf. Th. BENFEY, Pantschatantra: FünfBücher indischer Fabeln, Märchen und Erzählungen, 1. Th., Leipzig 1859, 179 ff.
212 Fairy tales and Fables
1 ed duvahaki ven ˙dun ai jangaliaki minikavage
c
.ek duvahaki ven ˙dunu ai jangaliaki minikavagek.
In a jungle, there once lived a tiger.
2 mi minikavago hada va ˙damakı mi jangalie tibe hai kudu janavara te kanıy ai.mi minikavago hada va ˙damakı mi jangalie tibe hai kudu janavara te kanı ai.
He used to eat small living beings in this jungle.
3 den mi kan jangalie ehen janavaro ekaha bon ˙do vegen emmen salla ko.den mi kam jangalie ehen janavaro ekaha bon ˙do vegen ekmen salla ko.
Because of this, the other animals in the jungle came together for a meeting.
4 den nimmı eusa si ˙tiya fe ˙novannave.den nimmı eusa si ˙tiya fe ˙novanna eve.
They decided to send him a letter.
5 den eusa timamenge tedein kommias mıhaku ma ˙nikufanenge keumakaha komme duvahekiekaku ka ettaka enna.
den eusa timamenge tedein kommi-as mıhaku ma ˙nikufanenge keumakaha komme duvaheki ekakuka ettaka enna.
One (lit. "a person") from among us will come to (be) your excellency’s meal every day.
6 den mi kan singa gabul ke ˙di ai.den mi kam singa qabul ke ˙di ai.
The lion (!) accepted it.
7 komme duvaheki e
c
janavaroe
c
ai.komme duvaheki ek janavaroek ai.
Each day one animal came (to him).
8 adakı musa ˙loge duvahai.adakı musa ˙loge duvas-ai.
Today is the day of the rabbit.
9 den musa ˙losa giunı ma lahen ai.den musa ˙losa giunı ma lahen ai.
To the rabbit it happened to come very late.
10 den singa hısı rı ˙di aragennai.den singa hısı rı ˙di aragen-ai.
So the lion became angry.
11 singa ehı ai, kuma tai mi hai laha vı.singa ehı ai, kuma tai mi hai laha vı.
The lion asked, ‘why has it happened (lit. "become") (that you come) as late as this?’
12 be ˙num-ma be ˙ni ai, mi jangalie o
c
ehen minıkavago kahaigen timasa ni giunı ai.be ˙num-ma be ˙ni ai, mi jangalie ot ehen minıkavago kahaigen timasa ni giunı ai.
At (his) saying so, (the rabbit) said, ‘I could not come to you because of another tiger living (lit."being") in this jungle who scratched me.
13 eu tima kanna be ˙naha hedı ai.eu tima kanna be ˙naha hedı ai.
He said that he would eat me himself.’
213T18: Buddiveri musa ˙lo
14 den singa be ˙ni ai mi jangalie ni hinna hinnai tima varo mıhaku; mi jangalien emme bon ˙dı timave ai.
den singa be ˙ni-ai mi jangalie ni hinna hinnai tima varo mıhaku; mi jangalien ekme bon ˙dı tima veai.
Then the lion said, ‘there will be nobody else in this jungle like me. I am the biggest one in thisjungle.’
15 kefe, geyai singaya ekı musa ˙lo.kefe, geı-ai singaya ekı musa ˙lo.
At (his) saying so, the rabbit went together with the lion (to show him).
16 e o
c
tana
c
balanna ge kal fen ga ˙deki etere ti otai.e ot tanas balanna ge kal fen gan ˙deki etere ti ot-ai.
When they went (around) looking where that one was, they found him (lit. "he was") in a water pond.
17 mi singa o
c
velai, ene
c
singa hedı va ˙damakı, fen ga ˙di eteraha fummali ai.mi singa ot velai, enek singa hedı va ˙damakı, fen gan ˙di eteraha fummali ai.
This lion being there, the other lion jumped into the water pond.
18 fummum ma eu marovege ai.fummum ma eu marovege ai.
Jumping in, he died.
19 eusa mi fenunı fen ga ˙di eteren euge hianı ai.eusa mi fenunı fen gan ˙di eteren euge hianı ai.
What he had seen was his (own) reflection (lit. "shadow") from inside the water pond.
214 Copper Plate Documents (Lomafanu)
Fig. 7: Lomafanu L1, pl. d1
Fig. 8: Lomafanu L2, pl. 15
Fig. 9: Lomafanu L3, pl. 3/1
Fig. 10: Lomafanu L4, pl. g/1
Survey of
historical documents
Copper-plate Documents in Evela and Dives akuru
(Lomafanu)
L1: This lomafanu was registered as no. 1 by BELL (1940, 180) who named it after“Haddummati” (today Lam) Atoll; given that its subject matter is about the donationof a mosque on the island “Gamuduvu” (today Gamu or Gan) of this atoll1, the name“Gamu Lomafanu” would be more appropriate. According to BELL, this lomafanumust have consisted at least of 17 plates originally, the (authentic) page numbers of themanuscript ending with m ˙n = 17. 15 plates have been preserved, with one plate missingat the beginning. A “rough translation” by BELL can be found under no. 907 (86/82) aspart of the author’s bequest in the Government Archives, Colombo (Sri Lanka)2.According to this translation, the numbering of the plates ranges from f (= 2; “i”) to ms(= 17). The fragments that were left unaccounted for by BELL have provisionally beensubsumed under mx and my here. A plate which BELL subsumed as no. 19 under“Haddummati No. 2” (cf. L4) seems to be a further fragment of the present lomafanu,given that it exhibits six lines as all the plates listed under L1 do; this plate is referredto as mz here. The lomafanu is dated into the year “582 after the Prophet (Mu ˙hammad)went to heaven”; if this passage refers not to the Ascension of the Prophet (micrag) butto his death (in A.D. 632), the lomafanu must have been written about 1194 A.D. Thisdating coincides with the statement that the lomafanu was published in the third year ofthe reign of King Gaganadıtya.3 According to the Chronicle of the Kings (Radava ˙li, cf.below: RC 11,10), the beginning of the reign of “Gannadıtta” must have occurred inA.H. 588 ≈ A.D. 1192; the king ruled for seven years.
L2: “Isdu Lomafanu”: This lomafanu, which is named after the island Isdu (in Haddum-mati or Lam Atoll), is the most voluminous one that has been preserved; it comprises20 plates à 2 pages à 5 lines. Its first edition was published in 1986 by HASSAN AHMEDMANIKU and G.D. WIJAYAWARDHANA (“Isdhoo Loamaafaanu”, Colombo: RoyalAsiatic Society). The dating of this lomafanu is identical with that of L1.
L3: “Dambidu Lomafanu”: This document, called “Eterukolu (Palace) Lomafanu” or“Lomafanu of the inner palace” by BELL (1940, 180 f.), would be better named afterthe island of Dambidu (in Haddummati or Lam Atoll), because its subject is the
1 For the atolls and islands referred to in this survey, cf. the map printed as fig. 11 on p. 224 below.2 I am grateful to the director of the Archive who allowed me to inspect and use this material.3 For the name of this king cf. GIPPERT (forthcoming), fn. 13.
216 Survey of historical documents
donation of a mosque on this island. According to BELL, it must have contained 16plates (counted from m = 1 to mg = 16) in the beginning, with plate 14 (mg = 16)missing already at the time of BELL, who transcribed plates m (single-sided: “A”) andmg (front page: “A”) only. A complete but not very reliable edition was published in1982 by the “National Centre for Linguistic and Historical Research” in Male (thendirected by HASSAN AHMED MANIKU) under the title of “Loamaafaanu: Transliteration,Translation and notes on Palaeography. Vol. 1”; a former attempt of reading (by ALEE
NAJEEB) has recently appeared (2001). This lomafanu is dated into the year “583 afterthe Ascension of the Prophet to heaven” and into the fourth year of the reign of KingGaganadıtya; thus, the year A.D. 1195 can be regarded as the date of its origin.
L4: This lomafanu, which BELL (1940, 182) registered under the name of the “HaddummatiAtoll” as well (cp. L1 above), should be better named “Kudahuvadu Lomafanu” afterthe island it concerns (in Nılandu South or Dal Atoll). It contains 8 plates (à 2 pages à7 lines) which were presumably written by two different hands, possibly not at the sametime. The lomafanu has not yet been edited so far; a rough translation with atranscription of the first two pages can be found in BELL’s bequest (GovernmentArchives, Colombo) under the signature 906/86:81, however. The “Nelles-Jumbo-GuideMalediven”, München 1994, p. 47 shows a total view of the given lomafanu buterroneously identifies it with the “Isdhoo loamaafaana” (sic; cf. L2 above). The date ofthe lomafanu refers to the sixth year of the reign of Queen (!) Raaradesvara, who,according to the chronicle (RC 12,7), ascended the throne in A.H. 630 (≈ A.D. 1232);accordingly, the lomafanu must have been written A.D. 1237-1238.
L5: The first edition of a document named “Bo ˙dugalu Lomafanu” can be found in BELL(1940, 182 ff). According to this edition, it contained 10 plates (à 2 pages à 5 lines) atBELL’s time. Its date, which is written in Arabic on the first plate, refers to the yearA.H. 758, approximately corresponding to A.D. 1356 as the year of its origin. Itcoincides with the reignal period of Queen Radaabarnna, who, according to thechronicle (RC 17,1), ascended the throne (for the first time) in A.H. 748.
L6: This single plate of a lomafanu was published by BELL (1930, 541 ff.) as “no. 1”;according to BELL, it belonged to “Mr. E. ’Abdul Hamíd Dídí” in Colombo at thattime. BELL stated a high degree of similarity with the “Bo ˙dugalu Lomafanu” (L5) fromthe impression of its handwriting and the figuring of the words in general. There are noreferences as to the date of origin.
L7: Another single plate of a lomafanu; it was published by BELL (1930, 552 ff.) as“no. 2”. There are no references to the date of origin either.
L8: Fragment (about the half) of a single plate which was published by BELL (1930, 560 ff.)as “no. 3”. The al-gazı Ibrahım Pa ˙tina[kinage] mentioned here (the name can besupplemented according to the Haññamıdu-Fatko ˙lu, cf. F6 below) seems to be identicalwith Sultan Ibrahım III who reigned from A.H. 993 to 1017 (≈ A.D. 1585-1609) andwas killed on 28th Šawwal 1017 A.H. (≈ 4.2.1609) when fighting against Malabarpirates. With high probability, the lomafanu refers to the time of reign of Mu ˙hammadŠugaci cImad ud-dın (A.H. 1029-1058 ≈ A.D. 1620-1648; cf. BELL 1930, 561 f.).
Documents in Dives-akuru on paper and wood
(Fatko ˙lu)
F1: “Ko ˙lufusi Fatko ˙lu”: The document is undated but it can with certainty be assigned tothe period of the reign of Sultan Mu ˙hammad Bo ˙du Takurufanu (between A.D. 1573 andA.D. 1585). It was first edited by BELL (1940, 188 f.). Its subject is the donation of amosque on the island of Ko ˙lufusi in Mulaku (Mım) Atoll.
F2: “Hasan Pa ˙tina Fatko ˙lu”: An unedited fatko ˙lu dated the 17th Šawwal A.H. 1036 (≈1.7.1627). Clearly it notarises a decoration.
F3: “Gan Fatko ˙lu”: The document which was edited for the first time by BELL (1940, 190f.) is also called “Fila Fatko ˙lu”; it consists of an inscription on a wooden board of 1,70× 0,54 m which attests the donation of a mosque on Gan Island in A ˙d ˙du Atoll. It isdated the 23rd Mu ˙harram A.H. 1062 (≈ 5.1.1652), i.e. the fifth year of the reign ofSultan Ibrahım Iskandar I (time of reign 1648-1687). A coloured photograph of a partof the inscription can be found in M. AMIN, D. WILLETTS, P. MARSHALL, “Journeythrough Maldives”, Nairobi 1992, 14.
F4: “Ba Miskit Fatko ˙lu”: The text attesting the donation of a mosque of the same namein Male is written on a wooden beam which has been preserved in the Male Museumsince the destruction of the mosque some years ago. A first edition of the inscription(transcribed into Tana) was published in MM, 38 f. The text is dated the 11th RamadanA.H. 1062 (≈ 16.8.1652); this date again coincides with the fifth year of reign ofIbrahım Iskandar I.
F5: “Gamu Fatko ˙lu”: The unedited fatko ˙lu attests a donation for the rebuilding of theFriday Mosque on Gamu Island in Haddummati (Lam) Atoll (cp. also L1) by SultanMu ˙hammad (son of ˙Haggı cAlı Tukkala) who reigned from A.H 1104-1112 ≈ A.D.1692-1701. It is dated into the year A.H. 1108 (≈ A.D. 1696).
F6: “Haññamıdu Fatko ˙lu”: This unedited fatko ˙lu (cp. fig. 5, p. 200) is not identical withthe document registered and partly edited by BELL (1930, 565, note 2) under the nameof “Hañña Mídú Fat-ko ˙lu” (sic) although both documents refer to the grave of the sameAl-gazı Ibrahım (cf. also L8) on the island of Haññamıdu in Ari (Alif) Atoll. The givenfatko ˙lu notarises that Sultan Mu ˙hammad cImad-ud-dın in the seventh year of his reigntransferred the care for this grave to a certain cAlı Muqrı (“recitator of the Qur
c
an”).Probably, this Mu ˙hammad cImad-ud-dın is the second Sultan known under this namewho reigned A.H. 1116-1133 (≈ A.D. 1704-1721); correspondingly, this fatko ˙lu musthave been written by 1711 A.D.
F7: “Isseri Fatko ˙lu”: This document contains a decree by Sultan Mu ˙zaffar Mu ˙hammadcImad ud-dın II who reigned from A.H. 1116 to 1133 (≈ A.D. 1704-1721); it is datedinto the year A.H. 1127 ≈ A.D. 1715 and concerns a donation to the island Isseri inNılandu South (Dal) Atoll.
F8: “Kan ˙dudu Fatko ˙lu”: The unedited manuscript which is dated into the year A.H. 1147(≈ A.D. 1735) attests a donation for the Friday Mosque on the island Kan ˙dudu inKo ˙luma ˙dulu (Ta) Atoll by Sultan Ibrahım Iskandar II who reigned from A.H. 1133 to1163 (≈ A.D. 1721-1750).
218 Survey of historical documents
F9: “Kuramati Fatko ˙lu”: The undated, unedited fatko ˙lu (cf. fig. 6, p. 210) attests theinstallation of a certain Musa, son of Ma ˙hmud, as the
˘Ha ˙tıb of an island with the same
name in “Huvadummatti” (Huvadu or Gaf) Atoll by Sultan Ibrahım Iskandar II (cf. F8above). An exact date is missing.
F10: “Ku ˙dahuvadu Fatko ˙lu”: This document was edited by BELL (1940, 193 ff.; theillustration given there as plate M contains but the beginning up to line 21). It is datedinto the year A.H. 1164 (≈ A.D. 1751), i.e. the second year of the reign of SultanMu ˙hammad cImad-ud-dın III (reigning period A.H. 1163-1173 ≈ A.D. 1750-1759). Itapproves the renewal of an older “lomapanu” concerning the mosque of the islandKu ˙dahuvadu in Nılandu (Dal) Atoll. Possibly this refers to the Lomafanu “L4” (cf.above).
F11: “Diamigilı Fatko ˙lu”: This unedited fatko ˙lu is dated into the year A.H. 1164 (≈ A.D.1751) too, but it refers to the third year of the reign of Mu ˙hammad cImad-ud-dın III. Itattests the donation of a mosque on the island of Diamingilı in Ko ˙luma ˙dulu (Ta) Atoll(a coloured photograph of this document is printed in “Maldives. A Nation of Islands”,Male’ 1983, 20 f.).
F12: “Tinadu Fatko ˙lu”: This unedited and undated document was not issued by a Sultanbut by different officials. It refers (maybe as a court decision?) to a certain DonKanbuloge from Havo ˙d ˙da or Tinadu island (in Huvadu South or Gaf-Dal Atoll).Probably it was written in the second half of the 18th c.
F13: “Havo ˙d ˙da Fatko ˙lu”: This unedited fatko ˙lu which cannot be dated exactly notarises agift to a certain ˙Hassan, son of Mu ˙hammad
˘Ha ˙tıb, from the island Havo ˙d ˙da in
“Huvadummatti” (Huvadu South or Gaf-Dal) Atoll. Like the preceding document, itprobably dates from the second half of the 18th c.
The Chronicle (Radava ˙li)
RA: A Tana manuscript of the Radava ˙li, i.e. the Maldivian chronicle of the kings, whichwas registered as variant “A” by BELL who published but a short excerpt (one pageonly; cf. 1940, 198 f.). This version of the Radava ˙li ends with Sultan Mu ˙hammadKalaminja, i.e. Mu ˙zaffar Mu ˙hammad cImad ud-dın II, who reigned from A.H. 1116 to1133 ≈ A.D. 1704-1721. According to BELL, the manuscript consists of 31 pages.
RB: A manuscript of the Radava ˙li written in Dives akuru and registered as “B” by BELLwho published an excerpt of it. According to BELL, the last name that was recorded inthis ms. was that of Sultan Mu ˙hammad cImad-ud-dın III who reigned from A.H. 1163to 1173 ≈ A.D. 1750-1759; thus, it must have been written about 40 years later thanms. A (cf. above).
RC: A second Tana manuscript of the Radava ˙li which was edited in facsimile in 1979 bythe Divehi bahai tarıxas xidmat kura qaumı marukazu [National Center for Linguisticand Historical Research] in Male. It consists of 38 pages, the content of p. 10 beingalmost a duplicate of that of p. 9; a fact that can possibly be explained by assuming achange of the underlying manuscript model. This variant — which represents the onlycomplete version of the Radava ˙li we dispose of so far — ends with Šay
˘h ˙Haggı ˙Hasan
who reigned from A.H. 1193 to 1213 ≈ A.D. 1779-1799.
Inscriptions in Dives akuru
Inscriptions from A ˙d ˙du:
IDAH 1: An unedited inscription which cannot be dated exactly, on the gravestone of acertain Don cAlı Takurupanu, son of ˙Hassan Takurupanu and cAıša Bıpanu, fromthe graveyard of the Medu Mosque in Hitadu.
IDAM 1: An unedited inscription on the gravestone of a certain ˙Sanfa, grand-daughter (?)of Mu ˙hammad Pan ˙dia Takurupanu, dated 11th (?) Šacban A.H. 1134(≈ 19.5.1625). An excellent photograph of this gravestone has been published in“Nelles-Jumbo-Guide Malediven”, München 1994, 186.
Inscriptions from Male:
IDMBM 1: Inscription on the gravestone of a certain cAıša Bıpanu, daughter of cAlı Ba ˙deriTakurupanu from Takandu and Amina Kambuloge from Marandu (both islandsare located in Tiladummati North or Ha-Alif Atoll), died 5th Šacban 1148(≈ 31.12.1735), from the cemetery of a “Ban ˙dara Mosque” in Male. A pictureof this stone can be found in BELL 1924 (pl. 1), its transcription and translationib. p. 291; for the person of cAlı Ba ˙deri Takurupanu cf. ib. 298. The stone seemsnot to exist any longer today. It was neither mentioned in the description of theBan ˙dara Mosque of Henveru in MM, no. 39, p. 99 f., nor in the description ofthe Ban ˙dara Mosque of Mafannu, ib. no. 24, p. 66 f.
IDMDM 1: Inscription on the gravestone of a certain ˙Sanfa Bıpanu, daughter of the Wazır
˙Haggı ˙Hussain Famuladeri, died 22nd Gumad al-a˘hıra A.H. 1114 (≈ 13.11.1702),
from the cemetery of the former Dolidan Mosque in Male. A picture of thegravestone can be found in BELL 1924 (pl. 1), a transcription and translation ofthe inscription ib., p. 291. Obviously, the stone does not exist any longer either.
IDMDM 2: Inscription on the tombstone of a certain cAıša Kabuloge, daughter ofMu ˙hammad Menai Kaloge, died 15th Ragab 1105 A.H. (≈ 12.3.1694). In MM,no. 14, p. 29, this inscription was transcribed into Tana and listed as No. 5.According to a photograph (private property of HASSAN AHMED MANIKU), theoriginal place of this gravestone was to the left of that registered underIDMDM 1, in the graveyard of the Dolidan Mosque in Male. Obviously it hasnot been preserved either.
IDMEM 1: Inscription on the tombstone of a certain Maria Kanbadi Kilage, daughter ofSultan Mu ˙hammad cImad-ud-dın (I, reigned from A.H. 1029 to 1058 A.H. ≈A.D. 1620-1648), and one Fatuma Kilage from Barasu (today Bara
c
, inTiladummati North / Ha-Alif Atoll), from the graveyard of the former Eterekoi ˙lu(“Inner Palace”) Mosque; the date of the death is given as the “14th Rama ˙dan”without a year being engraved. A picture of the gravestone was provided byBELL (1924, pl. II), together with a transcription and translation (ib., p. 292). InMM, the mosque is listed by the name of “Masgid cAfıf-ud-dın” (nr. 32, p. 82),the stone appearing as no. 3. Probably it has not been preserved.
220 Survey of historical documents
IDMEM 3: Inscription on a pillar which reminds of a tombstone by its form; it was placednear the “Eterekoi ˙lu Mosque” (Inner Palace Mosque) in Male. It contains areport on the capturing of Male by Malabar conquerors on the 13th ˙Safar A.H.1166 (≈ 12.12.1752), who on this occasion kidnapped Sultan Mu ˙hammad cImad-ud-dın III, and the reconquest of Male by ˙Hassan Ra ˙n ˙na Ba ˙deri Ma ˙nikupanu andthe rebuilding of the palace by Ismail Mava ˙di. The inscription was first editedby BELL (1940, 173 f. with pl. A, 4); in MM it is listed as no. 1 of the stonespertaining to the mosque “Masgid cAfıf-ud-dın” (no. 32), p. 82. For the contentscp. also ITMP 1-2.
IDMEM 4: Inscription on the gravestone of one Kadıda (˘Hadıga) Bıpanu, daughter of cAıša
Kambulege from Ma ˙didu (?, in Miladumma ˙dulu North or Šaviyani Atoll) andcAlı Takurupanu (?) from Mavilipu ˙ti (?), died 20th Gumad-al-awwal 1086 A.H.(≈ 11.8.1675), from the cemetery of the Eterekoi ˙lu (“Inner Palace”) Mosque.The inscription seems to be identical with that given as No. 9 in MM undermosque no. 32 (cp. IDMEM 1) on p. 83. Apparently, the stone no longer exists,but a photograph of it has been preserved (private property of HASAN AHMEDMANIKU).
IDMHM 1: Inscription on the western wall of the portal of the Friday Mosque (HukuruMiskit) in Male, attesting the donation of the Mosque by Sultan IbrahımIskandar I who reigned 1648-1687 A.D. It has not preserved but there is apicture of it in MHM (1984, 267). A first edition was published by BELL (1940,171 f. under no. 6e), a second one can be found in MHM (1984, 305).
IDMHM 2: Inscription on the gravestone of a certain ˙Hussain Uttama Pa ˙diaru Takuru, sonof Mu ˙hammad Uttama Pa ˙diaru Takuru from A ˙d ˙du, died 14th Šacban 1072 A.H.(≈ 4.4.1662), from the graveyard of the Friday Mosque in Male. The stone islocated close to the south-western corner of the mosque; on its backside there isan Arabic inscription. MHM (1984) exhibits a picture of good quality (p. 381)and a transcription into Tana (p. 282).
IDMHM 3: Inscription on the gravestone of a certain ˙Hussain Bo ˙du Do ˙timena Ki ˙nagepanu,son of Wazır Mu ˙hammad Pamuladeri Ma ˙nikupanu, died 6th ¯Du’l- ˙higga 1178A.H. (≈ 27.5.1765), from the cemetery of the Friday Mosque. The stone wasregistered as no. XIII, 142 in MHM (1984, 372).
IDMHM 4: Inscription on the gravestone of a certain ˙Hussain Amin (?) Kilagepanu, grand-son (?) of cUmar Rannabaderi Kilage, died 18th Gumad al-awwal 1089 A.H.(≈ 8.7.1678), from the graveyard of the Friday Mosque. The stone is listed as no.IV, 9 in MHM (1984, 346).
IDMHM 5: Inscription on the tombstone of a certain Amina Kilagepanu (?), daughter of
˙Hussain Bo ˙du Do ˙timena Kilagepanu, from the cemetery of the Friday Mosquein Male. Its dating has become almost illegible (13. xxx A.H. 11xx). Apparently,the stone was not registered in MHM (1984).
IDMHM 6: Inscription on the gravestone of a certain Ibrahım (?) Hadeigiri Kalogepanu, died20th Gumad al-a
˘hıra 1131 A.H. (≈ 10.7.1719) (?), from the cemetery of the
Friday Mosque in Male. The inscription has been heavily damaged, the stonehaving been broken several times. Apparently, it was not registered in MHM(1984).
221Inscriptions in Dives akuru
IDMHM 7: Inscription on the gravestone of a certain Al-cAzız cAlı Rannaba ˙deri Kilagepanu,son of Wazır Mu ˙hammad Famuladeri Manikupanu, died 29th Šacban 1196 A.H.(≈ 9.8.1782), from the cemetery of the Friday-Mosque in Male. The stone wasregistered as no. II, 14 in MHM (1984, 327).
IDMMM 1-4: Inscription on the four walls of the so-called Medu Miskit of Male, attestingthe donation of the mosque by Sultan Ibrahım Iskandar I who reigned 1648-1687A.D. MHM (1984) exhibits a reproduction (p. 173 ff.) as well as a transcriptionof the text into Tana (p. 97 and 165 ff.). In MM the inscription is not mentionedin the treatise of Medu Miskit (no. 7, p. 14).
Inscriptions in Tana
Inscriptions from A ˙d ˙du:
ITAG 1: Unedited inscription on the gravestone of a certain ˙Hussain Ma ˙nikufanu, son of
˙Hasan Ma ˙nikufanu from Gan, died 24th Gumad al-awwal A.H. 1148 (≈11.10.1735), from the cemetery of the mosque in Gan. Together with three otherstones inscribed in Tana (ITAG 2-4), the stone stands in a family grave.
ITAG 2: Unedited inscription on the gravestone of a certain Ibrahım Ma ˙nikufanu, son ofSultan cAlı bin as-sul ˙tan ˙Hassan Ma ˙nikufanu (cAlı VII / ˙Hassan X., cf. ITAH 1/ 3), died 28th Rama ˙dan 1171 (≈ 4.6.1758), from the cemetery of the mosque inGan (cp. ITAG 1).
ITAG 3: Unedited inscription on the gravestone of a certain Amina Ma ˙nika (?), daughter(?) of ˙Hussain Ma ˙nikufanu (cp. ITAG 1), died 8th ˙Hagg ( ¯Du’l- ˙higga) 1201 A.H.(≈ 20.9.1787), from the cemetery of the mosque in Gan.
ITAG 6: Unedited inscription on the gravestone of a certain Amina Kambulege, daughterof (Šugac) bin Mu ˙hammad Kalege, died 23rd Rabıc ul-awwal 1173 A.H. (≈13.11.1759), from the cemetery of the mosque in Gan (cp. ITAG 1).
ITAH 1: Unedited inscription on the gravestone of a certain Gabrail Sacıd bin al- ˙haggı
˙Hassan (= Sultan ˙Hassan X., reigning A.H. 1113 ≈ A.D. 1701), son of SultancAlı (VII, reigning A.H. 1112 ≈ A.D. 1701), died 14th ˙Safar 1188 A.H. (≈26.4.1774), from the cemetery of the Friday Mosque in Hitadu. Together withthe tombstone ITAH 2 (cf. below) this stone stands in the so-called “Sultan’sgrave”. For the two sultans concerned cf. BELL (1924, 298).
ITAH 2: Unedited inscription on the gravestone of a certain cAlı Manikufanu (Takuru?),died 15th Gumad al-awwal 1205 A.H. (≈ 20.1.1791), from the cemetery of theFriday Mosque in Hitadu.
ITAH 3: Unedited inscription on the gravestone of a Wazır ˙Hassan bin cAlı bin al-sul ˙tanhaggı ˙Hassan (X) bin al-sul ˙tan cAlı al-Karım (VII, cf. ITAH 1 above), died 24thMu ˙harram 1222 A.H. (≈ 3.4.1807), from the cemetery of the Friday Mosque inHitadu.
222 Survey of historical documents
ITAH 5: Unedited inscription on the gravestone of a certain cAıša Manika, daughter (?) of
˙Hassan Manikufanu, died 20th Mu ˙harram 1179 (≈ 9.7.1765), from the cemeteryof the Friday Mosque in Hitadu. This and another stone (ITAG 5) stand in theso-called “donor’s grave”.
ITAH 6: Unedited inscription on the gravestone of a certain Mu ˙hammad Takurufanu, sonof Yusuf Fan ˙dia Takurufanu (?), died 20th ¯Du’l-qacda 1134 A.H. (≈ 1.9.1722),from the cemetery of the Friday Mosque in Hitadu.
ITAM 1: Unedited inscription on the gravestone of a certain Amina Bıfanu, daughter ofSittı Bıfanu and Mu ˙hammad Bo ˙du Takurufanu, died 1st ˙Hagg ( ¯Du’l- ˙higga) 1161A.H. (≈ 22.11.1749), from the cemetery in Mıdu.
Inscriptions from Fua
c
Mulaku:
ITFM 2: Unedited inscription on the gravestone of a certain Ibrahım, son of ˙HussainFanu, died 4th ¯Du’l-qacda (?) 1290 A.H. (≈ 24.12.1873), from the cemetery ofDa ˙dumagu in Fua
c
Mulaku.
Inscriptions from Male:
ITMHM 1: Inscription on the gravestone of a certain Mu ˙hammad Ma ˙nikufanu, son ofFamuladeri Ma ˙nikufanu (?), died 20th ¯Du’l-qacda (x13x), from the cemetery ofthe Friday Mosque in Male. The stone is registered as no. I, 52 in MHM (1984,320).
ITMHM 2: Inscription on the gravestone of a certain Ibrahım Ma ˙nikufanu, son of a Wazır
˙Hassan Haku[ra]i Takurufanu (cf. ITMHM 4; for the person in question cf. BELL1924, 298) and Amina Manikufanu from Fua
c
Mulaku, died 3rd Ragab 1219A.H. (≈ 8.10.1804), from the cemetery of the Friday Mosque in Male. The stoneis registered as no. I, 48 in MHM (1984, 319).
ITMHM 3: Inscription on the gravestone of a certain Fa ˙tuma (sic, in Arabic) Manikufanu,grand-daughter of cUmar Bo ˙du Ba ˙deri Takurufanu, from A ˙d ˙du, died 12th ¯Du’l-qacda 1190 A.H. (≈ 23.12.1776), from the cemetery of the Friday Mosque inMale. The stone is registered as no. I, 46 in MHM (1984, 319).
ITMHM 4: Inscription on the gravestone of a certain Fatuma Manikufanu, daughter of theGreat Wazır ˙Hassan Hakura
c
Takurufanu (cf. ITMHM 2) from Takandu(Tiladummati North / Ha-Alif Atoll), died 12th ¯Du’l-qacda 1195 A.H. (≈30.10.1781), from the cemetery of the Friday Mosque in Male. The stone isregistered as no. I, 45 in MHM (1984, 318 f.).
ITMHM 7: Inscription on the gravestone of a certain ˙Hawwa Manikufanu, daughter of KakaiDon cAlı Takurufanu and Fatuma Fanu from Bo ˙dugalu, died 9th Rabıc al-awwal(?) 1193 A.H. (≈ 27.3.1779), from the cemetery of the Friday Mosque in Male.The stone is registered as no. III, 4 in MHM (1984, 334).
223Inscriptions in Tana
ITMKM 1: Inscription in the outer wall of the Kaluvakaru Mosque in Male which attests thefoundation of the mosque by Sultan ˙Hassan Nur-ud-dın (reigning A.H. 1193-1213 ≈ A.D. 1779-1799) in the tenth year of his reign. This mosque, whoseoriginal place was in the middle of the main street of Male (Bo ˙du Magu) inHenveru quarter, was transferred to the south-eastern corner of the Sultan’s Parkin the 1980ies (private information from HASSAN AHMED MANIKU).
ITMP 1-2: Inscriptions on two wooden beams which were originally affixed outside andinside of the lintel above the portal of the Sultan’s Palace; today bothinscriptions are exhibited in the Male Museum. Their content (similar to that ofthe Dives akuru inscription IDMEM 3 but using other words) is about theconquest of Male, which was accompanied by the kidnapping of SultanMu ˙hammad cImad-ud-dın III, by Malabar conquerors on the 13th ˙Safar 1166A.H. (≈ 12.12.1752), the reconquest of Male by ˙Hassan Ra ˙n ˙na Ba ˙deriMa ˙nikufanu, and the reconstruction of the palace by a certain Ismaıl Mava ˙di.The inscription was first edited by BELL (1940, 174 f., no. 8).
224 Survey map of the Maldivian atolls
Fig. 11: Maldivian Atolls
Additional indexes (to vol. I)
Text passages
F1, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129F1, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 200F1, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50F1, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28F1, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129F1, 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194F1, 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203F1, 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203F1, 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200F1, 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134, 135F1, 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130F1, 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200F1, 26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134F2, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60F2, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121, 195F2, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113, 135F2, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135F2, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135F2, 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200F2, 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135F2, 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135F2, 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39F2, 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130F2, 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201F3, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 134F3, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 134, 136, 209F3, 3 . . . . . . . 130, 134, 135, 199F3, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60, 195F3, 6 . . . . . 42, 75, 130, 131, 136F3, 6-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75, 136F3, 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 60, 130F3, 8 . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 115, 131F3, 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200F3, 11 . . . . . . . . . . 39, 182, 200F3, 12 . . . . . . . . . . 133, 200, 201F3, 14 . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 69, 201F3, 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74F3, 16 . . . . . . . . . . 200, 201, 209F3, 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133, 201F3, 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133F3, 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131F4, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 69, 131, 201F4, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 121, 200, 201F4, 3 . . . . . . . . . 19, 28, 200, 205F4, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . 138, 194, 200F4, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133, 194F5, 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134F5, 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60, 195F5, 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 194F5, 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200F5, 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 200F5, 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28F5, 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131, 210
F5, 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210F5, 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 239F5, 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69F5, 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 239F5, 26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39F5, 36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74, 133F5, 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39F5, 39 . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 28, 75F5, 41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 201F5, 43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19F5, 46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133F5, 47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201F5, 49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133F6, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200F6, 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39F6, 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 200F6, 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136F6, 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70, 194F6, 15-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134F6, 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135F6, 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69F6, 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42F6, 26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133F7, 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199F7, 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134F7, 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195F7, 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60F7, 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39F7, 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 200F7, 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200F7, 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133F7, 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42F7, 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42F8, 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134F8, 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133, 199F8, 16 . . . . . . . . . . 60, 118, 123F8, 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39F8, 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194F8, 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19F8, 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69F8, 27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74F8, 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39F8, 30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 201F8, 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133F8, 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201F8, 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194F9, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39F9, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133F9, 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200F9, 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42F10, 6 . . . . . . . . . . 134, 135, 199F10, 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60F10, 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
F10, 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28F10, 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40F10, 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130F10, 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39F10, 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131F10, 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39F10, 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 200F10, 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131F10, 18 . . . . . . . . . . 40, 50, 239F10, 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42F10, 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58F11, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200F11, 7 . . . 60, 134, 135, 195, 199F11, 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39F11, 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200F11, 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39F11, 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . 131, 210F11, 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 200F11, 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200F11, 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37F11, 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131F11, 37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92, 194F12, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136F12, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135, 136F12, 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130F13, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39F13, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200F13, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200F13, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28F13, 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74F13, 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133F13, 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194F13, 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92F13, 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133F13, 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133F13, 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200F13, 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 201IDAH 1, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114IDAH 1, 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115IDAM 1, 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134IDAM 1, 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60IDAM 1, 27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135IDMBM 1, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 116IDMBM 1, 15 . . . . . . . . . . . 135IDMD 1, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112IDMD 2, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33IDMDM 1, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 121IDMDM 1, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . 114IDME 3, 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39IDME 3, 27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39IDMEM 1, 19 . . . . . . . . . . . 116IDMEM 1, 22 . . . . . . . . . . . 112IDMEM 3, 14 . . . . . . . . . . . 200
226 Indexes
IDMEM 3, 26 . . . . . . . . . . . . 42IDMEM 3, 31 . . . . . . . . . . . 137IDMEM 4, 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 115IDMEM 4, 11 . . . . . . . . . . . 114IDMH 2, 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112IDMHM 1, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 131IDMHM 1, 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 135IDMHM 1, 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . 42IDMHM 2, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 119IDMHM 2, 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . 200IDMHM 2, 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . 32IDMHM 3, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60IDMHM 4, 11 . . . . . . . . . . . 113IDMHM 4, 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . 40IDMHM 4, 22 . . . . . . . . . . . 190IDMHM 5, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 111IDMHM 6, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . 114IDMHM 6, 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 135IDMHM 6, 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . 135IDMHM 7, 1-2 . . . . . . . . . . 123IDMHM 7, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 115IDMHM 7, 18 . . . . . . . . . . . 137IDMMM 1, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 131IDMMM 1, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 200IDMMM 2, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69IDMMM 3, 4 . . . . . . . . 113, 200IDMMM 3, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28IDMMM 4, 6 . . . . . . . . 138, 200ITAG 1, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137ITAG 1, 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32ITAG 1, 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137ITAG 1, 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115ITAG 2, 2 . . . . . . . . . . 111, 123ITAG 2, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137ITAG 2, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137ITAG 2, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115ITAG 3, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37ITAG 3, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 43ITAG 3, 6 . . . . . . . . . . 117, 137ITAG 6, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115ITAG 6, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135ITAH 1, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112ITAH 2, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60ITAH 3, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114ITAH 3, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115ITAH 3, 6 . . . . . . . . . . 123, 137ITAH 4, 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114ITAH 4, 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137ITAH 6, 2 . . . . . . . . . . 118, 123ITAM 1, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123ITAM 1, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 60ITAM 1, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33ITFM 2, 3 . . . . . . . 114, 117, 123ITFM 2, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 43ITMHM 1, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 114ITMHM 1, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 137ITMHM 1, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 137ITMHM 1, 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40ITMHM 2, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
ITMHM 2, 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64ITMHM 2, 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 137ITMHM 3, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60ITMHM 4, 3 . . . . . . . . . 33, 117ITMHM 4, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60ITMHM 5, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 119ITMHM 7, 2 . . . . . . . . 114, 117ITMHM 7, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . 135ITMKM 1, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . 210ITMKM 1, 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . 201ITMKM 1, 10 . . . . . . . . . . . 138ITMKM 1, 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . 33ITMP 1, 3 . . . . 61, 137, 200, 229ITMP 1, 4 . . . . . . . . . . 137, 195ITMP 2, 3 . . . . . . . . . . 111, 200ITMP 2, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60L1 d/1, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60L1 d/1, 2 . . . . . . . . . 17, 33, 115L1 d/1, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 229L1 d/2, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45L1 d/2, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 209, 237L1 d/2, 3 . . . . . . 18, 43, 200, 229L1 d/2, 4 . . . . . . . . 133, 209, 237L1 d/2, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200L1 f/1, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 54, 137L1 f/1, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132L1 f/1, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200L1 f/2, 1 . . . . . . . . . . 17, 18, 33L1 f/2, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200L1 f/2, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199L1 f/2, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199L1 g/1, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56L1 g/2, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64L1 g/2, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 59, 122L1 g/2, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39L1 g/2, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200L1 n/1, 1 . . . . . . . . . . 19, 28, 60L1 n/1, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60L1 s/1, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41L1 s/1, 1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28L1 s/1, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19L1 s/1, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205L1 s/2, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20L1 t/1, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43L1 t/1, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . 130, 131L1 t/2, 1 . . . . . . . . 74, 229, 230L1 t/2, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199L1 md/1, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64L1 md/1, 2-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56L1 md/1, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56L1 md/2, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60L1 mn/1, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153L1 mn/1, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208L1 mn/2, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36L1 mn/2, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116L1 mn/2, 5 . . . . . . . . . 131, 209L1 ms/1, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55L1 mx/1, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56L1 mx/2, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
L1 mx/2, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199L1 mx/2, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32L1 my/1, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64L1 my/1, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200L1 my/1, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200L1 my/1, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122L2 1, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55L2 1, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55L2 1, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55L2 2, 1 . . . . . . . . . 55, 209, 237L2 2, 5 . . 91, 162, 201, 229, 230L2 3, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50L2 3, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 133, 200L2 4, 1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56L2 4, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32L2 4, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200L2 4, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56L2 4, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56L2 5, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 58L2 5, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 122, 200L2 5, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64L2 5, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69, 122L2 6, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 200L2 6, 2 . . . . . . . 19, 60, 207, 239L2 6, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60, 205L2 6, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69L2 7, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19L2 8, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60L2 8, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199L2 8, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41L2 9, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41L2 9, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209L2 9, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30L2 10, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157L2 10, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56L2 11, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 201L2 11, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19L2 12, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121L2 15, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41L2 15, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 135L2 17, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201L2 18, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56L2 21, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59L2 21, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199L2 22, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 194, 209L2 22, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42L2 22, 3 . . . . . . . . 36, 133, 200L2 24, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131L2 25, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61L2 25, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64L2 26, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 123L2 27, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60L2 27, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201L2 28, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133L2 28, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 74L2 28, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30L2 32, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61L2 32, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133L2 33, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 37
227Text passages
L2 33, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115L2 34, 1 . . . . . . . . 91, 162, 200L2 34, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229L2 34, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55L2 36, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132L2 36, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 131L2 37, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 116L2 38, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209L2 38, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131L3 1/1, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 116L3 1/1, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55L3 2/2, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 121, 157L3 2/1, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39L3 2/2, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 56L3 2/1, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . 133, 195L3 3/2, 1 . . . . . . 19, 60, 207, 239L3 3/2, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20L3 3/1, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200L3 3/2, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201L3 3/2, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60L3 3/1, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 200L3 4/2, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229L3 4/1, 2 . . . . . . . . . . 30, 32, 60L3 4/1, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17, 60L3 5/1, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200L3 5/2, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199L3 6/1, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28L3 6/2, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41L3 6/1, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28L3 6/1, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28L3 6/1, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30L3 7/2, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131L3 7/2, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131L3 10/2, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 60L3 10/1, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60L3 10/2, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60L3 11/1, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20L3 12/1, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201L3 12/2, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133L3 12/1, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19L3 12/2, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133L3 12/2, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74L3 13/2, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133L3 15/2, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74L3 15/2, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201L3 15/1, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60L3 15/1, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55L4 b/1, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60L4 g/1, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 69L4 e/2, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 64L4 e/1, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 200L4 f/1, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200L4 e/2, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20L4 a/2, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229L4 c/1, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157L4 e/1, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229L4 c/2, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60L4 f/2, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201L4 c/1, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
L4 b/2, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50L4 a/2, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19L4 c/2, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 200L4 f/1, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201L4 d/1, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200L4 f/2, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74L4 d/2, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41L4 g/1, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . 50, 136L4 c/2, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32L4 a/1, 7 . . . . . . . . . . . 123, 201L4 f/1, 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 69L4 b/2, 7 . . . . . . . . 74, 201, 205L4 c/1, 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200L5 1/1, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 116L5 2/2, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50L5 4/2, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201L5 4/1, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 116L5 4/2, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229L5 4/2, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114L5 5/1, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69L5 5/1, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42L5 5/1, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19L5 5/2, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18L5 5/2, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190L5 5/2, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74L5 5/2, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74L5 5/2, 6 . . . . . . . . . 39, 90, 201L6 1, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 135L6 1, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58L6 2, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 194, 205L6 2, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 135L6 2, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19L6 2, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 200, 203L7 2, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 200, 203L8 1, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199L8 1, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115L8 1, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60MBh. 1,61,6 . . . . . . . . . . . . 258R. 1,48,7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58R. 3,8,7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58RA 1, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 134, 135RA 1, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39RA 1, 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134RA 1, 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75, 135RA 2, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130RA 2, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60RA 2, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195RA 2, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60RA 2, 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190RA 21, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39RA 21, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135RB 1, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39RB 1, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134RB 1, 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136RB 1, 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136RB 1, 11 . . . . . . . . 33, 130, 135RB 1, 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121RB 1, 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60RB 1, 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
RC 1, 5-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69RC 1, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60RC 1, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59RC 1, 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69RC 2, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40RC 3, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 134, 135RC 3, 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210RC 3, 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33RC 4, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130RC 4, 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200RC 4, 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130RC 4, 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74RC 4, 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135RC 5, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 134RC 5, 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239RC 5, 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 49RC 6, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135RC 6, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135RC 7, 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229RC 8, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195RC 8, 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39RC 8, 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . 75, 136RC 9, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130RC 9, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60RC 9, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60, 118RC 9, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190RC 9, 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157RC 10, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130RC 10, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135RC 10, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 60, 116RC 10, 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157RC 12, 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39RC 13, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60RC 14, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39RC 16, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200RC 19, 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135RC 22, 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39RC 23, 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135RC 26, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32RC 26, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135RC 28, 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134RC 29, 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40RC 30, 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60RC 30, 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40RC 32, 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33RC 34, 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135RC 37, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135T1, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249T1, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252T1, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257T1, 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247T1, 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185T1, 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147T1, 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48T1, 20-20a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148T1, 21a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227T1, 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152T1, 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255T1, 34a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
228 Indexes
T1, 49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257T1, 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130T1, 51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254T1, 54a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148T1, 55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261, 262T1, 65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259T2, 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258, 262T2, 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227T2, 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255T2, 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261T2, 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255T2, 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160T2, 60-60a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256T2, 64a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145T3, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106, 259T3, 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230T3, 12 . . . . . . . . . . 145, 147, 259T3, 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145T3, 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252T3, 26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152T3, 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251T3, 34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251T3, 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102T3, 37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144, 150T3, 40-41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260T3, 41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259T3, 44-45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259T3, 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150T3, 48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102T3, 55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150T3, 59-60 . . . . . . . 145, 148, 253T3, 66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151T3, 69 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262T4, 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
T4, 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148, 151T4, 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255T4, 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254T4, 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250T4, 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247T4, 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248T4, 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250T4, 26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250T4, 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109T4, 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250T4, 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257T4, 36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259T4, 39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147T4, 44a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48T4, 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48T5, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259T5, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151, 259T5, 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151, 259T5, 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151, 259T5, 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151T6, 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149, 255T6, 26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48T6, 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48T6, 61-62 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149T6, 62 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248T6, 72 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161T7, 6a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256T7, 7a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256T7, 8a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256T7, 9a . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107, 161T8, 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257T8, 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164T8, 53-57 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
T8, 71 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144T8, 78 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151, 242T8, 99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252T8, 101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252T8, 140 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147T8, 152 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255T8, 165 . . . . . . . . . . . . 149, 253T8, 168 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61T9, 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109T9, 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251T9, 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252T9, 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250T9, 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248T9, 37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148, 252T9, 61-62 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249T10, 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251T10, 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109T10, 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249T10, 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254T10, 34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254T10, 36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252T10, 62 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242T10, 93 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164T10, 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254T11, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164T11, 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106T12, 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106T12, 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152T13, 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144T15, 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106T16, 3 . . . . . . 107, 149, 253, 261T16, 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109T16, 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48T17, 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Word forms
Old Dhivehi
afunge kau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130afunge (pers.pron.gen.) . . . . . 130afuremenge kau . . . . . . . . . . 130afuremenge (pers.pron.pl.gen.) 33,
130afuren (pers.pron.) . . 34, 130-132afurenge kau . . . . . . . . . . . . 130afurenge (pers.pron.gen.) . . . . 130aharamen (pers.pron.pl.) . . . . 130aharu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62aharun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62ahuren (pers.pron.) . . . . . . . . 130ais (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229-ak (indef.suff.) . . . . . . . . 69, 92⟨alifang⟩ (Christopher) . . . . . . . 33⟨alipan⟩ (Pyrard) . . . . . . . . . . . 33a ˙la (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 133
a ˙lage (gen.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 133a ˙likamu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133a ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133a ˙lukamak (nom.sg.indef.) . . . 133a ˙lukamu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133a ˙lukan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133a ˙lun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133a ˙lutakun (nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . 133-ana (part.pres.suff.) . . . . . . . 199angaakun (abl.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 69apuremenge kau . . . . . . . . . . 130apuremenge (pers.pron.pl.gen.) 33,
130apuren (pers.pron.) . . . . 130, 131apurenge kau . . . . . . . . 130, 135apurenge (pers.pron.gen.) . . . 130ara (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 200
⟨aret⟩ (Pyrard) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34arua (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 200asu pu ˙te (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 42ate ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 36, 97ato ˙l-ato ˙lu (distr.pl.) . . . . . . . . . 75ato ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28atun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60a ˙t- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131-a ˙t (dat.ending) . . . . . . . . . 57, 92-a ˙ta (dat.ending) . . . . . . . . 57, 97*a ˙ta-duvu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19a ˙tara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113a ˙t ˙duvu (top.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19*a ˙tu-duvu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19ava ˙t ˙teria (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . 41⟨a
c
diha⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117-a (def.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
229Word forms: Old Dhivehi
-ai (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136-as (inf.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 182-a ˙t (inf.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 182ban ˙du . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60ban ˙dun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60⟨ba ˙dun⟩ (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60bafaakai (obl.sg.indef. + conj.) . 69*balana (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . 199balan (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193⟨bárhi⟩ (Christopher) . . . . . . . . 34basuna (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . 201batveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74batveriage (gen.sg.) . . . . . . 19, 74bahattarivanai . . . . . . . . . . . . 119bavıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114bavısvana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114⟨be⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136bei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75⟨bei⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136bei-beikalun (distr.pl.) . . . 75, 136beikalaku (obl.sg.indef.) . . . . 136beikalun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 136beikalunai (pl. + conj.) . . . . . 136⟨bekalunap⟩ (dat.pl.) . . . . . . . 136bekalunas (dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . 136bekalunai (pl. + conj.) . . . . . . 136/be/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136bimu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19binbai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19bingan ˙du . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19boga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69bogaak (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 69bogaek (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 69boli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59bolın (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59⟨Bouraspaty⟩ (Pyrard) . . . . . . . 33buda ˙t (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133bulat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64⟨Burasfati⟩ (Christopher) . . . . . 33⟨caré⟩ (Pyrard) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34dambu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60dabuduven (top.abl.) . . . . . . . . 60dabuduvun (top.abl.) . . . . . . . . 60dakvana (part.pres.) . . . . . . . 199darana (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 200darın kren (abl.pl.) . . . . . . . . . 61darın (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61dasu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 49da ˙tan (dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . 194da ˙ta ˙t (dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 194da ˙ta ˙ta (dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . 194⟨da ˙ta ˙tu⟩ (dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 194da ˙tu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 49da ˙tun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42da (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 200dena (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 200dene (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 200
dia (3.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 239diame (vb.n.loc.sg.) . . . 207, 239diasin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32dihasatta-satirıs . . . . . . . . . . 121dihen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60din (part.pret.) . . . . . . . 190, 205dinpanti (impv.post.) . . . . . . . 190⟨dinu⟩ (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 205dis- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60disen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60divehi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131divu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 131*divu-vesi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40do ˙los . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111, 122do ˙los-to ˙los . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122do ˙losu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122do ˙losu-to ˙los . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122do ˙losu-to ˙losu . . . . . . . . . . . . 122dorakan (dat.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 194doraka ˙t (dat.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 194do ˙ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92do ˙nyaka ˙t (dat.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 92duppo ˙lı (top.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41duvesın kren (abl.pl.) . . . . . . . 61duvesın (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61duvu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 131dyahin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32dyasin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-e (gen.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . . 56-e (loc.ending) . . . . . . . . . 56, 57e uren (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130e urena ˙tu (dat.pl.) . . . . . 130, 131-ek (indef.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . 69ekavisati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116/ek-men/ (pron.adj.pl.) . . . . . . . 91eko ˙los . . . . . . . . . . 110, 111, 122eksateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123eku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17⟨ekvana⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37emme beikalun . . . . . . . . . . . 136emme (pron.adj.) . . . . . . . . . 133emmen (pron.adj.pl.) . . . . 91, 162-en (abl.ending) . . . . . . . . 59, 60-en (plur.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . 132-ena (part.pres.suff.) . . . . . . . 200etyaka ˙tu (dat.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 39etyaku (obl.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 39etyak (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . 39, 90etye (nom.sg.indef.?) . . . . . . . . 39etyeti (distr.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 39evana (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 199eviana (part.pres.) . . 199, 200, 258evyana (part.pres.) . . . . 199, 258evya (part.pres.) . . . . . . 200, 258faharu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92fahun (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75fanas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110, 116fasdo ˙los . . . . . . . . . . . . 107, 123fasdo ˙los eko ˙los . . . . . . . . . . 122
fassihi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110fasvana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-fanu (hon.suff.) . . . . . . 135, 137fen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59⟨feng⟩ (Christopher) . . . . . . . . 33⟨fiohi⟩ (Christopher) . . . . . . . . 33⟨forhi⟩ (Christopher) . . . . . . . . 34fuvas mulaku (top.) . . . . . . . . 64gadya ˙naak (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . 69ga ˙du . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30gaha (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 200gam- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . 56, 60game (gen./loc.?) . . . . . . . . . . 56gamu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20ganna (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 201gannaı (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 201-ge (gen.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 131geakan (dat.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 194geaka ˙t (dat.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 194geme (gen./loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . 56gemen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . 56, 60gen (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . 213, 229gen ve ˙lena (abs. + part.pres.) . 200gen vu ˙le (abs. + part.pres.) . . 200gena (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213gen-ais (abs. + abs.) . . . . . . . 230gene (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229gene gosu (abs. + abs.) . . . . . 229gene vu ˙lena (abs. + part.pres.) 200genfi (part.pret.I) . . . . . . . . . 229gos (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229govana (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . 200gu ˙lena (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 200haddava ˙ne (part.fut.) . . . . . . . 210haddummattyan (top.dat.) . . . 194handu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60handun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60⟨hadun⟩ (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60hasan kalo (p.n.) . . . . . . . . . . 135hasan (p.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135hahai eksateka . . . . . . . . . . . 123hedduman (vb.n.dat.sg.) . . . . 195henevi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157higa (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 201higra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59higrain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59hin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32hinnaak (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 69hunna ˙ne (part.fut.) . . . . . . . . 210hu ˙nna-hu ˙ti (part.pres. + pret.) . 203hu ˙ti (part.pret.) . . . . . 34, 44, 203
˙husayn (p.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
˙hussayn (p.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32iduna (part.pres.) . . . . . . 30, 201imu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-in (abl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 59-in (plur.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . 132isduven (top.abl.) . . . . . . . . . . 60
230 Indexes
isduvu (top.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19isduvun (top.abl.) . . . . . . . . . . 60⟨istari⟩ (Christopher) . . . . . . . . 34isuduvu (top.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19isuduvun (top.abl.) . . . . . . . . . 60/kambal-/ (stem) . . . . . . . . . . 135kabalage (gen.sg.def.) . . . . . . 135[kambalage] (gen.sg.def.) . . . 135kabalun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 135[kambalun] (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 135kabalunge (gen.pl.) . . . . . . . . 135[kambalunge] gen.pl. . . . . . . 135kabau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135[kambau] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135⟨kabau⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135⟨kabau wahhabu binti
aminatu⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . 135kabo (voc.form) . . . . . . . . . . 135[kambo] (voc.form) . . . . . . . 135kabulege (gen.sg.) . . . . . . . . 135[kambulege] (gen.sg.) . . . . . . 135[kambulo] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136kambulo (voc.form) . . . . . . . 136kabuloge (gen.sg.) . . . . . . . . 135[kambuloge] (gen.sg.) . . . . . . 135kabulo (voc.form) . . . . . . . . . 135[kambulo] (voc.form) . . . . . . 135kadivarun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 74kafırunai (nom.pl. + conj.) . . . 133kal- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . 134, 135kala- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135kalamedi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39kalamidi . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 135kalaminja (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . 135⟨kalaminja⟩ (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . 39kala (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . 75, 134/kala-as/ (dat.sg.def.) . . . . . . . 135kalas (dat.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 135⟨kalasa⟩ (dat.sg.def.) . . . . . . . 135kalemen (pl.) . . . . . . 70, 91, 135kale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135kalegefanunge (gen.pl.) . . . . . 135kalegepanu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135/kal-kal-un/ (distr.pl.) . . . . . . . 75kalo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134, 135kaloa ˙t (dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . 135kaloge (gen.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 135kalogepanu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135kalogepanun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . 135kalun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75kam- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . 19, 133kamgati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19kamgatyakun (pl.indef.) . . . . . . 19kamu . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 19, 133kamugatın-ai (nom.pl. + conj.) . 19kamugattakun (pl.indef.) . . . . . 19kamugatyakun (pl.indef.) . . . . . 19kan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-kan (suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
⟨kárhi⟩ (Christopher) . . . . . . . . 34katıbu (obl.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 61kau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134, 135kau mu ˙hammad . . . . . . . . . . 135kaukambal- (stem) . . . . . . . . 135[kaukambalunge] (gen.pl.) . . . 135⟨kaukabalunge⟩ (gen.pl.) . . . . 135kaukalun (distr.pl.) . . . . . 75, 135kaukalunas (dat.distr.pl.) . 75, 135kaukan . . . . . . . . . . . . 134, 135kauverikamun (abl.) . . . . . . . . 60kauverikan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60karddaveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74karddaveriak (nom.sg.indef.) . . 74karddaverın (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 74karudaveriin (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 74ke ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28ke ˙luma ˙dule (top.loc.) . . . . . . . 28kia (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 200kibaakan (dat.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 69kihun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60kom-mısaku (interr.pron.) . . . 153kon (interr.pron.) . . . . . . . . . 153kosu (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33ko ˙t (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215ko ˙ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41ko ˙t ˙tak-ai (nom.sg.indef. +
conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41ko ˙t ˙t-ai (nom.sg. + conj.) . . . . . 41ko ˙t ˙t-evyana (nom.sg. + part.
pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41ko ˙tu (abs.) . . . . . 17, 33, 201, 215krana (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 200⟨krana ˙ta⟩ (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . 195⟨kren⟩ (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61kuburu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30kulaa ˙ta (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56ku ˙la (part.pret.) . . . . . . 133, 208ku ˙laiman (vb.n.dat.sg.) . . . . . 194ku ˙laima ˙t (vb.n.dat.sg.) . . . . . . 194ku ˙laima ˙tu (vb.n.dat.sg.) . . . . . 194ku ˙lain (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 194kurana (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . 200kurana ˙ta (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . 195kuravana (part.pres.) . . . . . . . 200kuravvana (part.pres.) . . . . . . 200kuravva (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . 200kura (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 200kura ˙ne (part.fut.) . . . . . . . . . 210kuren (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61kya (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 200lias (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193lias-u ˙lema (inf. + 1.pl.pres.) . . 230lias-u ˙lema-ve (inf. + 1.pl.pres.
+ quot.partc.) . . . . . 182, 193liyas (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182liyas-u ˙lema (inf. + 1.pl.pres.) 182,
193liya ˙t (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
liya ˙t-u ˙lema (inf. + 1.pl.pres.) 182,193
lı (pret.part.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 190lıfanti (impv.post.) . . . . . . . . 190lıpanti (impv.post.) . . . . . . . . 190lokapalavarun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . 74ma (pers.pron.obl.) . . . . . . . . 129maaku (obl.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 69madınaas (top.dat.) . . . . . . . . 195madınaa ˙tu (top.dat.) . . . . . . . 195madınaya ˙t (top.dat.) . . . . . . . 195madınaya ˙tu (top.dat.) . . . . . . 195madınaan (top.dat.) . . . . . . . . 195madınaa ˙t (top.dat.) . . . . . . . . 195madınaaan (top.dat.) . . . . . . . 195ma ˙dule (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56maharadun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50mahun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60makkain (top.abl.) . . . . . . . . . 60manikufanu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137manikupana ˙ta (dat.sg.) . . . . . 137manikupanu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137ma ˙ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54, 137ma ˙niku . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54, 137ma ˙nikufanu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137ma ˙nikufanuge (gen.sg.) . . . . . 137ma ˙nikufanunge (gen.pl.) . . . . 137⟨Maspillaspoury⟩ (Pyrard) . 33, 34/mas-un/ (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 60masi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59masın (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59matya ˙ta (dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . 39ma
c
kaiveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74magemen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 60me (partc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161-men (plur.suff.) . . . . . 70, 72, 91mi taketi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138mi uren (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 130mi urena ˙tu (dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . 131mi urennai (pl. + conj) . . . . . 131mi vuren (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 130mi vurena ˙ta (dat.pl.) . . . . . . . 131mi vurenge (gen.pl.) . . . . . . . 131mi vurenge ˙ta (loc.dat.pl.) . . . . 131-midi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135-mijja (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . 135mıhunan (dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 58mıhuna ˙tu (dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 58mıs- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153mısaku (obl.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 153mısuna ˙ta (dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 58mu ˙hammad (p.n.) . . . . . . . . . 135muloku (top.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64mu ˙nu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56-na (part.pres.suff.) . . . . . . . . 201namadu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45negena (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . 200negu ˙nu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 209⟨niafati⟩ (Christopher) . . . . . . . 33
231Word forms: Old Dhivehi
⟨niapaty⟩ (Pyrard) . . . . . . . . . . 33nikume (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60*nikunna (part.pres.) . . . . . . . 201nikunnai (part.pres.) . . . . . . . 201nimu ˙nu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 209nu (neg.partc.) . . . . . . . . . . . 201nuvadiha . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 117nuvadihavana . . . . . 114, 117, 123o ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92o ˙diaka ˙t (dat.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 92o ˙dyakan (dat.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 92ona- (num.elem.) . . . . . . . . . 114onatiris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115onavihi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114onavihivana . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114o ˙natirısvana . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115ot (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56ovuna (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 56padaek (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 69paharaka ˙t (dat.sg.indef.) . . . . . 92pahurakan (dat.sg.indef.) . . . . . 92pa ˙l ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43panasu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123pasvana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33pasvisi . . . . . . . . . . . . 115, 122-panu (hon.suff.) . . . . . . 135, 137pemusveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74⟨penne⟩ (Pyrard) . . . . . . . . . . . 33⟨piohy⟩ (Pyrard) . . . . . . . . . . . 33piri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132pratama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 37-pu ˙lu (hon.suff.) . . . . . . . . 41, 54pu ˙te (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42pu ˙tı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41pu ˙t ˙t-ai (nom.sg. + conj.) . . . . . 41pu ˙tu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42puvak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64puvak mulok (top.) . . . . . . . . . 64radu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50radun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50, 75ras-ras-beikalun-ai (distr.pl. +
conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75ras-ras-kalun (distr.pl.) . . . . . . 75rasunasya (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . 55rasunge (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 55rasunsya (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 55rasunusia (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . 55rasu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 131ra ˙t ˙tehi . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 38, 41ra ˙tu . . . . . . . . . . . 17, 18, 33, 38ra ˙tvesyaku (obl.sg.indef.) . . . . . 37rada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50raddye (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39radya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39⟨raja⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
rajje (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39randye (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39ranje (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39ratde (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39reakun (abl.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 60re . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60⟨rorhi⟩ (Christopher) . . . . . . . . 34*ru ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59ru ˙dın (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59sandu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33sataru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56sata ˙lısvana . . . . . . . . . . 118, 123sateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121, 123⟨satirıs⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118sauda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112sautirısvana . . . . . . . . . 118, 123sauvıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115sauvısu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115savana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123⟨sa
c
bıs⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115saleh (p.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116salısu (p.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116sime (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 56sinya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69susein (p.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32sata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
˙satavısu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
˙sattha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121-tak (plur.suff.) . . . . . . . . 72, 133tak (pron.adj.) . . . . . 62, 72, 163taketi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138taketige (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . 138⟨tari⟩ (Christopher) . . . . . . . . . 34tauliyamulaveri . . . . . . . . . . . 74tauliyamulaverikan . . . . . . . . . 74tauliyaverın (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 74*temena (part.pres.) . . . . . . . 199*temene (part.pres.) . . . . . . . 199tevısu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115teha ˙t ˙tıvana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119⟨teha
c˙tıvana⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119tera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111tevıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115-ti (impv.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . 190tibena (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 200tima (pron.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131⟨tori⟩ (Christopher) . . . . . . . . . 34⟨tori⟩ (Pyrard) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34to ˙t ˙duvu (top.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19*to ˙tu-duvu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19- ˙t (inf.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 210u ˙lema (1.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 182u ˙lu ˙nu (part.pret.) . . . . . 130, 209-un (abl.ending) . . . . . . . . 59, 60-un (plur.suff.) . . . . 132, 133, 135-u ˙nu (part.pret.suff.) 175, 208, 209
upasakavarun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . 74uren kuren (abl.pl.) . . . . . . . . . 61uren (pl.) . . . 40, 60, 61, 130-132urena ˙tu (dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 131urenge (gen.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 131urennai (pl. + conj.) . . . . . . . 131vad- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . . . 201vaduna (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . 201vadunaı (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . 201va ˙dai (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201va ˙duna (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . 201vana (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 200-varun (hon.suff.pl.) . . . . . . . . 74vasana (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . 200va (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 200va ˙ne (part.fut.) . . . . . . . . . . . 210varuverın (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 74veddya (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . 40veddya-ve (3.sg.pret.IV + quot.
partc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239veddye (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . 40vedye (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . . 40ve ˙di (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 201vejja (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . . . 40ve ˙lena (part.pres.) . . . . . . 36, 200ve ˙l ˙lakara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69ve ˙l ˙lakaraak (nom.sg.indef.) . . . 69vena (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 200⟨venja⟩ (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . . 40veren (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60veri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74, 75veria (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 38veru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60, 157*vesi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40vevu ˙nu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 209⟨ve
c
ja⟩ (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . . 40⟨ve
c
je⟩ (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . . 40vihi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 131vinsati . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 116†viyana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199vı (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 75, 201vırasinga (p.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . 131vıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114-vıs (num.elem.) . . . . . . 114, 115vı-vı (part.pret.distr.pl.) . . . . . . 75vo ˙di (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 201vu ˙le (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 200vu ˙lena (part.pres.) . . . . . . 36, 200/vu ˙le/ (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 200vu ˙lu ˙nu (part.pret.) . . . . . 130, 209vu ˙nu (part.pret.) . . . . . . 237, 238vuren (pl.) . . . . . . . . 40, 130-132vurena ˙ta (dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . 131vurenge ˙ta (loc.dat.pl.) . . . . . . 131†vyana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199⟨ystarin⟩ (Pyrard) . . . . . . . . . . 34
232 Indexes
A ˙d ˙du
-∅ (2.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 175/-a/ (2.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 175/-a/ (3.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 175-a (abs.ending) . . . . . . . 216, 227amba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31ambi . . . . . . . . . . 31, 80, 85, 158ambi mıhage (gen.sg.) . . . . . . . 85ambin (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 80, 85andanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204, 213addan ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43andi (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 213adi (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250andun huli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78andun hula
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . 78andun hula
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . 78andun hula (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . 78andun hule (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . 78a ˙da . . . . . . . . . 65, 103, 138, 148a ˙dagada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103a ˙d ˙deha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117afage (pers.pron.gen.)106, 127, 141,
144afinna
c
(pers.pron.dat.pl.) . . . . 142/afiria/ (pers.pron.nom.pl.) 132, 134afirie (pers.pron.nom.pl.) 132, 134,
140, 142afirin ekuhun (pers.pron.abl.pl.) 142afirin (pers.pron.obl.pl.) . 132, 134,
140, 142afiringe faratun (pers.pron.abl.
pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142afiringe (pers.pron.gen.pl.) 142, 144afirinna
c
(pers.pron.dat.pl.) . . . 142anga . . . . . . . . . 59, 63, 103, 106anga gada mitura . . . . . . . . . 103anga ma ˙da mitura . . . . . . . . . 103angai (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101angai (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106angain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . 59, 63angara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63angarain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 63ahafi (3.sg.pret.I) . . . . . . . . . 148ahara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 109aharenge (pers.pron.gen.) . . . . 248-ai (abs.ending) . . . 212, 216, 227ai (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . 207, 244-ain (1.sg.pret.ending) . . . . . . 244-ak (indef.suff.) . . . . . . . 73, 152/-ak/ (indef.suff.) . . . 69, 70, 163-ak- (indef.suff.stem) . . . . . . 253-akı (foc.marker) . . . . . 252, 253-aku (indef.suff.obl.) . . . . . . . . 73/al/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22alanasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 48ali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 103aligada . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 103alı boxarı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
a ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 35amanatteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104/amanat-veri/ . . . . . . . . . . . . 104amella . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42amma (nom.sg.def.) . 42, 81, 145ammamen (pl.def.) . . . . . . . . . 81ammau (nom.sg.def. + quot.
partc.) . . . . . . . . . . 145, 259an (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 204anhen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80, 158anhen geri . . . . . . . . . . . 80, 158anhen mıha . . . . . . . . . . 80, 158anhena (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 80anhenun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80annei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204appa (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . 41, 81appamen (pl.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 81arage (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . 229, 251arai (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48araiehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . 233aranı . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 233, 251as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 83-as (emph.partc.) . . 160, 161, 250assateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121asseri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42/as/ . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 117, 124/-as/ (dat.ending) . . . . 57, 58, 62asara . . . . . . . . . . . 113, 114, 116asavıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115, 116/as-ek/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109ase
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109/at/ . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 43, 46, 79ata
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . . 79ate ˙le27, 28, 35, 47, 66, 81, 97, 201,
206ate ˙leveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74ate ˙leveria (nom.sg.def.) . . . 74, 81/at-tela/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43attela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 63attelain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63atun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 60au . . . . . . . . . . 22, 102, 106, 164au (quot.partc.) 144, 150, 258, 259ava (pers.pron.nom.) 127, 129-131,
140, 141, 228, 244, 246, 261avas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102avverin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124a
c
. . . . 25, 46, 79, 109, 117, 124-a
c
(dat.ending) . . . . . . 57, 58, 62-a
c
(indef.suff.) 69, 70, 77, 155, 163-a
c
(inf.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 173-a (2.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 175-a (3.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 175-a (def.suff.) 68, 69, 77, 106, 138a (part.pret.) . . 207, 244, 245, 253,
255-a (quest.partc.) . . . . . . . . . . 245
amba
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 85ada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20adavegen (adv.) . . . 243, 246, 261adıtta . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 42, 63adıttain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63a-ettenna (part.pret. + cond.
conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240a-fehe (part.pret. + cond.conj.) 240ahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 117-ai (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . 249, 250a ˙le (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-an (def.abl.ending) . . . . . . . . . 93as (abs.) . . . . . . . . 150, 215, 257badan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80badan esa
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . 80badan esa (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . 80bandi (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 213ba ˙d ˙dela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42bafa (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 81bafamen (pl.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 81bagıca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 245bagıcai (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 245bai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124bai (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . . . . . 194baivara (pron.adj.) . . . . . . . . 162bakamu ˙nu . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 65bakari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47/bal/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22bala (2.sg.impv.)151, 167, 183, 191,
261bala (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167bala balai (red.abs.) . . . 211, 215bala- (pres.stem) . . . 26, 167, 192balafei (abs.I) . . . . . . . . 211, 227balafele (2.sg.impv.pol.) 106, 191balafi (2.sg.pret.I) . . . . . . . . . 226balafi (3.sg.pret.I) . . . . . . . . . 226balafi (part.pret.I) . . . . . . . . . 226balafia (2.pl.pret.I) . . . . . . . . 226balafia (3.pl.pret.I) . . . . . . . . 226[balafie] (3.pl.pret.I) . . . . . . . 226balafima (1.pl.pret.I) . . . . . . . 226balafin (1.sg.pret.I) . . . . . . . . 226balafı-fehe (part.pret.I + cond.
conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240balagen (abs.III) . . . . . . 211, 227balai (2.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 169balai (2.sg.pres.interr.) . . . . . . 246balai (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 169balai (3.sg.pres.interr.) . . . . . . 246balai (abs.) . . 167, 191, 211, 215balai balai (red.abs.) . . . 211, 215balai derefele (abs. + 2.sg.
impv.pol.) . . . . . . . . . . . 191balai dıesi (abs. + 3.sg.pot.pres.
interr.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191balalai (abs.II) . . . . . . . 211, 227
233Word forms: A ˙d ˙du
balali (2.sg.pret.II) . . . . . . . . 226balali (3.sg.pret.II) . . . . . . . . 226balali (part.pret.II) . . . . 226, 240balalia (2.sg.pret.II) . . . . . . . 226balalia (3.sg.pret.II) . . . . . . . 226[balalie] (2.sg.pret.II) . . . . . . 226[balalie] (3.sg.pret.II) . . . . . . 226balalima (1.sg.pret.II) . . . . . . 226balalin (1.sg.pret.II) . . . . . . . 226balama (1.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . . 183balama (1.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . 169balama (1.pl.pres.interr.) . . . . 246balamı (1.sg.pres.interr.) . . . . 246balamun (ger.) . . . . . . . 167, 197balan (1.sg.pres.) . . . . . 167, 169balanı106, 166, 167, 174, 175, 178,
226, 234, 236balanı (part.pres.l.f.) . . . . . . . 198balata (2.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 169balata (2.pl.pres.interr.) . . . . . 246balata (3.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 169balata (3.pl.pres.interr.) . . . . . 246balau (2.pl.impv.) . . . . . 183, 261bala (part.pres.) . . . . . . 167, 198bala-fehe (part.pres. + cond.
conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240balahe (2.sg.fut.) . . . . . 176, 178balahe (3.sg.fut.) . . . . . 176, 178balaheti (2.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . . . 178bala ˙ne (part.fut.) . . . 167, 198, 210bala ˙nei (part.fut.l.f.) 167, 198, 210balas- (inf.stem) . . . . . . . . . . 192balasa (inf.interr.) . . . . . . . . . 247/balasia/ (2.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . 176/balasia/ (3.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . 176balasia (2.pl.fut.interr.) . . . . . 246balasia (3.pl.fut.interr.) . . . . . 246balasie (2.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . . 176balasie (3.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . . 176balası (2.sg.fut.interr.) . . . . . . 246balası (3.sg.fut.interr.) . . . . . . 246balasuma (1.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . 176balasuma (1.pl.fut.interr.) . . . . 246balasumı (1.sg.fut.interr.) . . . . 246balasun (1.sg.fut.) . . 167, 176, 177bala
c
(inf.) . . . 167, 192, 193, 210bali ve indige (abs. + 3.sg.pret.
IV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230ba ˙la . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 96ba ˙li (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96ban (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 204bannanı . . . . . . . . . . . . 173, 234bannei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204bappa (nom.sg.def.) 41, 46, 48, 81bappamen (pl.def.) . . . . . . . . . 81bara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103, 111basi . . . . . . . . . . 23, 46, 62, 78/bat/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79batteli . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 47, 79
bau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 102bau ˙ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23ba
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79bakin (indef.pron.) . . . . 154, 160/basak/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 78/basas/ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78basa
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78basa
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 78base (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78bavıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114baza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66bazara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45bende (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213bende ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . 237bendiehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 234bele ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 236beli (2.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 175beli (3.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 175beli (part.pret.) . . . 167, 174, 198,
240, 255beli- (pret.stem) . . . . . . . 26, 167/belia/ (2.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 175/belia/ (3.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 175belia (3.pl.pres.interr.) . . . . . . 246belia (3.pl.pret.interr.) . . . . . . 246belie (2.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 175belie (3.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 175beliehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . 178, 232,
234, 240beliesı (3.sg.pot.pres.interr.) . 234,
247belima (1.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 175belima (1.pl.pret.interr.) . . . . . 246belimı (1.sg.pret.interr.) . . . . . 246belin (1.sg.pret.) . . . 167, 175, 226beliva (2.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 175beliva (2.pl.pret.interr.) . . . . . 246belı (2.sg.pret.interr.) . . . . . . 246belı (3.sg.pret.interr.) . . . . . . 246belı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . 167, 198belun (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . 167, 196/be ˙lel/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82, 97be ˙lela (nom.sg.def.) 48, 82, 88, 97be ˙lelamen (pl.def.) . . . . . . . . . 82be ˙lele (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97be ˙leu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82, 97bema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63bemun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63be ˙nafi (3.sg.pret.I) . . . . . . . . 150be ˙nai (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 169be ˙nanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150, 234be ˙ni (3.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 138be ˙ni (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 147be ˙niehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . 234bera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66berasseti . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 43bebe (nom.sg.def.) 22, 67, 81, 87,
136bebemen (pl.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 82
/bek-/ (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . 107beka (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 107beka (obl.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 106be ˙nun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 262bes . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 64, 81, 83besveria (nom.sg.def.) . . . . 47, 81besia (3.pl.fut.interr.) . . . . . . 247besı (2.sg.fut.interr.) . . . . . . . 247besı (3.sg.fut.interr.) . . . . . . . 247besuma (1.pl.fut.interr.) . . . . . 247besumı (1.sg.fut.interr.) . . . . . 247besuva (2.pl.fut.interr.) . . . . . 247beviehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . 234bevigen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . . 261be
c
- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107bi (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 207binde (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214binde ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . 237bindi (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 214bindiehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 234bie ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . . 237billuri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42/bim/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 79, 96bime (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 79, 96bin (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 204binnei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204bis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32bı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . . 207bıehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . . . 234bıri . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 66, 102bon ˙da . . . 18, 31, 47, 53, 82, 102bon ˙dana (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . 148/bon ˙dana-ai/ (nom.sg.def. +
conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249bon ˙da (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 82bon ˙dakan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54bon ˙damen (pl.def.) . . . . . . . . . 82bofa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81bofain (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81boi (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 215/bok/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 76, 82/bokak/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 76boka
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 76boka (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . 76, 82bokamen (pl.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 82bokkora . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 47, 79/bokkor-a-as/ (dat.sg.def.) . . . . 79bokkorai (gen.sg.def.) . . . . . . . 79bokkorain (abl.sg.def.) . . . . . . 79bokkora
c
(dat.sg.def.) . . . . . . . 79/bol/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 79bola
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 79boli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77, 82bolie (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . 77, 82boliemen (pl.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 82bolie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 77bo
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 76, 82bo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 64, 79
234 Indexes
bogen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . . . 215boi (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215bokoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47buda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63budain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63buddi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 104buddiveri . . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 104da . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49daddo ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43dan ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43daffa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42dagan ˙da . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49dagi (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 213daguna
c
(inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 203dagunei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213dahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105dak- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44daki (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 213dakkanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43dakkasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43dakunei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236dakunei (part.pres.l.f.) . . . . . . . 44/dam/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49/dama-gat/ (3.sg.pret.III) . . . . 227damaga
c
(3.sg.pret.III) . . . . . . 227damanı . . . . . . . . . . . . 227, 234dan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49dara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79, 160dara (obl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145dari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80darin (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80/dasas/ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 194dasa
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . 49, 194dasi (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49dasun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . 49, 161/dat/ . . . . . . 25, 43, 79, 106, 164/datas/ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106datav (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106data
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 79data (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 79/dat-kasi/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43datta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46datta (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . 42, 81dattamen (pl.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 81da
c
. . . . . . . . . . 25, 79, 106, 164de . . . . . . . 46, 81, 106, 109, 124de bofain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81de has . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121de mıhun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124dea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 63deain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63de ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28/de-ek/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109dege (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213dege ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237degi (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 203de-gu ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125deha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110deha
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
dei (2.sg.pres.interr.) . . . . . . . 247dei (3.sg.pres.interr.) . . . . . . . 247deke (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213dekkiehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 236deku ˙nu . . . . . . . . . . 35, 65, 209dema (1.pl.pres.interr.) . . . . . 247dememun (ger.) . . . . . . . . . . 257demenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257demiehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . 234demı (1.sg.pres.interr.) . . . . . 247den (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 250dene (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . 207, 214dene hi
c
(abs. + part.pret.) . . . 207deni (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 214denı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138, 205dennei . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207, 236dera ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27dere (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . 191, 215derefele (2.sg.impv.pol.) . . . . 191derefı-fehe (part.pret.I + cond.
conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240deta (2.pl.pres.interr.) . . . . . . 247deta (3.pl.pres.interr.) . . . . . . 247de-tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125devana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123deverin . . . . . . . . . . 74, 81, 124de-fehe (part.pres. + cond.
conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240deneti (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255desa (inf.interr.) . . . . . . . . . . 247desia (3.pl.fut.interr.) . . . . . . 247desı (2.sg.fut.interr.) . . . . . . . 247desı (3.sg.fut.interr.) . . . . . . . 247desuma (1.pl.fut.interr.) . . . . . 247desumı (1.sg.fut.interr.) . . . . . 247desuva (2.pl.fut.interr.) . . . . . 247deti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124deviehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . 234de
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109dida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63didain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63die ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . . 237digge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42digi . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 102, 158dima (1.pl.pret.interr.) . . . . . . 247dimmı (1.sg.pret.interr.) . . . . . 247dimva (2.pl.pret.interr.) . . . . . 247din (part.pret.) . . . . . . . 138, 205dina (2.pl.pret.interr.) . . . . . . 247dina (3.pl.pret.interr.) . . . . . . 247dinı (2.sg.pret.interr.) . . . . . . 247dinı (3.sg.pret.interr.) . . . . . . 247disi (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 203divage (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . 229divai (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 169divanı . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 43, 202divehi 32, 40, 47, 62, 78, 80, 131divehin (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80divessa
c
(nom.sg.indef.) 40, 47, 78
divi (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 202divvanı (caus.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 43dıehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . . . 234dıesi (3.sg.pot.pres.interr.) 191, 247dı ˙ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 35do ˙los . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122do ˙los de
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122do ˙los eke
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122do ˙los tine
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122domveli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36don . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 102donkeu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36dora
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34dore (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97/dot/ (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 206dotı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . 206dove ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237do
c
(part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 206do- (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214dofei (abs.I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214doi (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 214doi (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214do ˙na
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79do ˙ne (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79do ˙ni . . . . 20, 27, 35, 43, 79, 246do ˙nin (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79dora . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 65, 97dua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81duaveria (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . 81duisatta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121/dum/ . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 79, 96dume (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96dun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 79, 96/dur-ak-i/ (loc.sg.indef.) . . . . . 158duru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102, 158duvahaka
c
(dat.sg.indef.) . . . . 158duvas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158/duvas-ak-i/ (loc.sg.indef.) . . . 160-e (2.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 175-e (2.sg.fut.ending) . . . . . . . . 177e (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 193-e (3.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 175-e (3.sg.fut.ending) . . . . . . . . 177-e (abs.ending) . . . . . . . . 212-214-e (def.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68e (dem.pron.) . 138, 139, 146-151e- (dem.pron.stem) . . . . . . . . 138e etteti (pers.pron.) . . . . . . . . 143e etteti (pers.pron.pl.) . . 138, 140e ettetıge (pers.pron.gen.) . . . 143e ettetta
c
(pers.pron.dat.) . . . . 143e ettettin (pers.pron.abl.) . . . . 143-e (gen.ending) . 55, 62, 93, 96, 97-e (loc.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . . 56e (pers.pron.nom.) . 81, 140, 142e taketi (pers.pron.) . . . . . . . . 143e taketta
c
(pers.pron.dat.) . . . . 143e takettin (pers.pron.abl.) . . . . 143e takettıge (pers.pron.gen.) . . . 143
235Word forms: A ˙d ˙du
ea (pers.pron.obl.)81, 139, 140, 142,150, 245
/ea-akı/ (pers.pron. + foc.marker) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
eage faratun (pers.pron.abl.) . . 142eage (pers.pron.gen.) 142, 144, 164ea
c
(pers.pron.dat.) . . . . . . . . 142ea (dem.pron.def.) . . . . . . . . 138ea (pers.pron.nom.) . 81, 140, 142eai (pers.pron.gen.) . . . . 138, 142eain (pers.pron.abl.) . . . . . . . 142eakı (pers.pron. + foc.marker) 149,
253ebe- (prev.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244ebe-ge (prev. + 3.sg.pret.) . . . . 48ebe-gen (prev. + 1.sg.pret.) . . 244/endas/ (dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . 48[endau] dat.sg. . . . . . . . . . . . . 48ende . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66ende (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213ede (pers.pron.nom.) 139, 140, 142,
150, 151, 178edenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234ede ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . . 236ende ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237ediehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . . 234edifin (1.sg.pret.I) . . . . . . . . . 226eduru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 80edurun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 80, 88e ˙dafie (3.sg.pret.I) . . . . . . . . 257[ee] (pers.pron.obl.) . . . . . . . 139effahara
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 42egara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111, 122enge ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 236/eggom/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43eggoma (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . 43eggon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43ehaka enehaka
c
(recip.pron.) . . 152ehaka (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . 152ehei (adv.) . . . . . . . 27, 151, 162ehen (adv.) . . . . . . 149, 151, 164ehı-au (part.pret. + foc.marker
+ quot.partc.) . . . . . . . . . 150ei (2.sg.pres.interr.) . . . . . . . . 247-ei (3.sg.pres.ending) . . . . . . . 214ei (3.sg.pres.interr.) . . . . . . . . 247-ei (gen.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 62eı (dem.pron. + foc.marker) . . 138/ek/ . . . 42, 69, 107-109, 160, 161-ek (indef.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . 152/-ek/ (indef.suff.) . . . 69, 70, 163ekahattari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119ekavıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114/ek-ek/ . . . . . . . . . . . . 108, 109eketi eneketta
c
(recip.pron.) . . 152eke
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108, 109eki ges-gehun . . . . . . . . . . . . 160eki ge-ge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160eki (indef.pron.) . . . . . . . . . . 160
eki mıs-mıhun . . . . . . . . . . . 160ekı (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249ekı (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 249/ek-me/ (pron.adj.) . . . . . . 42, 46/ek-men/ (pron.adj.pl.) . . . 46, 161/ek-men-as/ (pron.adj.pl. +
emph.partc.) . . . . . . . . . . 161ekunifanas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122ekunitindo ˙los . . . . . . . . . . . . 122/ek-vana/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123/em/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46ema (1.pl.pres.interr.) . . . . . . 247emı (1.sg.pres.interr.) . . . . . . 247emme (pron.adj.) 42, 46, 107, 149,
160, 161emmen (pron.adj.pl.) 46, 161, 162emmenge (pron.adj.gen.pl.) . . 161emmenge-as (pron.adj.gen.pl. +
emph.partc.) . . . . . . . . . . 161emmenn-as (pron.adj.pl. +
emph.partc.) . . . . . . 160, 161emmennas-as (pron.adj.dat.pl.
+ emph.partc.) . . . . . . . . 161emmenna
c
(pron.adj.dat.pl.) . . 161en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 227en (1.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 261/en-ak/ (pron.adj.) . . . . . . . . . 163ena
c
(pron.adj.) . . . . . . . . . . . 163enehaka
c(dat.sg.indef.) . . . . . 152
enı 145, 150, 193, 207, 215, 231,238, 243, 244, 245, 256
enı (part.pres.l.f.) . . . . . 145, 180,243, 261
eriehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . . 233erige (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . . 229es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83esa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 46/esak/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 80esa
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . . 80esa (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 80eta (3.pl.pres.interr.) . . . . . . . 247etere (obl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245eterea (obl. + quest.partc.) . . . 245eti . . . . . . . 39, 75, 124, 138, 155-eti (fut.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 178/eti-ak/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 164/eti-eti/ (distr.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 75/ettak/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 138ettaketi (pers.pron.pl.) . . 138, 140ettaketıge (pers.pron.pl.gen.) . 138etta
c
ne
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164etta
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . 39, 138etta (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . 39, 152ettai (gen.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 39ettain (abl.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 39etta
c
(dat.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . . . 39ettenna (cond.conj.) . . . . . . . 239etteti (distr.pl.) . . 39, 75, 138, 155eu has . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
eva (2.pl.pres.interr.) . . . . . . . 247even (pers.pron.obl.pl.) . 140, 143evenna
c
(pers.pron.dat.pl.) . . . 143/e-veria/ (pers.pron.nom.pl.) . . 140everie (pers.pron.nom.pl.) 81, 140,
143, 246everin (pers.pron.obl.pl.) . 81, 140,
143everinge faratun (pers.pron.abl.
pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143everinge (pers.pron.gen.pl.) . 143,
144everinna
c
(pers.pron.dat.pl.) . . 143evvana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123evvies (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38e
c
. . . . 42, 69, 107-109, 123, 161-e
c
(indef.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 69, 70e (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 253-ehe (pot.suff.) 178, 233, 234, 236e ˙ne (part.fut.) . . . . . . . . 253, 254e ˙nei (part.fut.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . 145esa (inf.interr.) . . . . . . . . . . . 247-esı (pot.suff.interr.) . . . 234, 245fahara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42/fahar-as/ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 42fahaveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81fahaveriage (gen.sg.def.) . . . . . 81faheti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124fahettaka
c(dat.indef.) . . . . . . 126
fahe
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109faitela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 79faitelain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 63faitela
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 79faivan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25fakıri . . 45, 54, 103, 106, 107, 149fakırikan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54fali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78/fali-ek/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 78falie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 78fa ˙lo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 67fanara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112fanas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116, 123fani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 35, 79fansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116fansavıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115fa ˙ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 35farabada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63farabadain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 63faratun (abl.) . . . . . . . 61, 62, 95fas . . . . . . . 23, 32, 97, 109, 124fasdo ˙los . . . . . . . . . 107, 116, 123fasdo ˙los de
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 123fasdo ˙los eke
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . 123fasdo ˙los eko ˙los . . . . . . . . . . 123fasdo ˙los nuvae
c
. . . . . . . . . . 123fasdo ˙los tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117fasdo ˙los tine
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . 117/fas-ek/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109fassateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
236 Indexes
fassateka asatirıs . . . . . . . . . . 121fassihi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122, 123fassihi de
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122fassihi eke
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 122fasverin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124fasa- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . . . . 26fasanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 234/fat/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 64, 67fatanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26fa ˙t ˙ta (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170fa ˙t ˙ta-gannanı . . . . . . . . . . . . 170favara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66fa
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 64fa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 42, 68fadigimaku ˙du . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65faga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63fagain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63fai (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68fain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68fala (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 78fara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42fa
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68fe ˙daga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31fehe (cond.conj.) 23, 48, 239, 240,
248fehenna (cond.conj.) . . . . . . . 239fehi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105fehurehi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77, 78fehurehiei (gen.sg.def.) . . . . . . 77fehurehie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . 77fehuressa
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . 77fehuresse (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . 77-fei (abs. ending) . . . . . . . . . . 27-fele (impv.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 191-feleu (impv.suff.) . . . . . . . . 191fen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 79, 80fen foda
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 80fen tika
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 80fene (gen./loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 56fene ˙na (3.pl.pret.interr.) . . . . . 246fene ˙nei (2.sg.pret.interr.) . . . . 246fene ˙nei (3.sg.pret.interr.) . . . . 246fene ˙nema (1.pl.pret.interr.) . . . 246fene ˙nemı (1.sg.pret.interr.) . . . 246fene ˙neva (2.pl.pret.interr.) . . . 246fenesumı (1.sg.fut.interr.) . . . . 246feniesia (3.pl.fut.interr.) . . . . . 246feniesia (2.pl.fut.interr.) . . . . . 246feniesı (2.sg.fut.interr.) . . . . . 246feniesı (3.sg.fut.interr.) . . . . . 246feniesuma (1.pl.fut.interr.) . . . 246fe ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 63, 79fe ˙nun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63fera ˙da . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 35, 48fesenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 234fesi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69, 78fesi- (pret.stem) . . . . . . . . . . . 26fesiehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . . 234fetenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
fera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66feranveria (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . 81/fesak/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . 69, 78/fesas/ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . 69, 78fesa
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 69, 78fesa
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 69, 78fesa (nom.sg.def.) . . . . 21, 69, 78fese (gen.) . . . . . . . . . 21, 69, 78-fi (pret.I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226fia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 63fiain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63fiava ˙la . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65findana (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . 138/findana-ai/ (nom.sg.def. +
conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249findanu (obl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 148fiehi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 77, 84fiessa
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . 47, 77fiessa (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 77fihalin (1.sg.pret.II) . . . . . . . . 229fihanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229fihenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229fihige (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . 229fileima ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107/fileima ˙di-e-as/ (dat.sg.def.) . . 107fino ˙la . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 132firi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132firi mıha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80firihen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157firihen geri . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158firihen kudda . . . . . . . . . . . . 157firihen mıha . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157firin (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 80, 132fisi . . . . . . . . 21, 41, 78, 79, 132/fısak/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 78/fısas/ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78fısa
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78fısa
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 78fıse (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 78/fodak/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 80foda
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 65, 80foda (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . 65, 80fodo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82fo ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78/fot/ . . . . . . . . . . 18, 25, 64, 76/fotas/ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25fota
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25fota
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 76fota (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 76fote (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25fo
c
. . . . . . . . . . . 18, 25, 64, 76/fo ˙lak/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 78/fo ˙las/ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78fo ˙la
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78fo ˙la
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 78fo ˙la (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 78fo ˙le (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78/fuak/ . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 96, 138fuaki (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
fua
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 96, 138fufi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34fummali (3.sg.pret.II) . . . . . . 251fummanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251fuppa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41fuppamei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41furei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27fu ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 65funafin (1.sg.pret.I) . . . . . . . . 226funalin (1.sg.pret.II) . . . . . . . 226gada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105gada fehi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105gan ˙da . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65/gan ˙dak/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 80-gan ˙da
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 80ga ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78ga ˙die (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 78gai . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 67, 149gai (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68gai (obl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106gain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68/gal/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 43gala (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 88gali (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25gamıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32gani (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 213gannei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205ga ˙nanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125/gat/ (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 205gatı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . 205gau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 24, 64/gayas/ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68/gayi/ (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68/gayin/ (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68ga
c
(part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 205/ga ˙das/ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78ga ˙da
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78ga ˙da (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 78ga ˙de (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78ga
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-ge (gen.ending) . . 61, 62, 95, 138ge (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 138, 207geaki (loc.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 262/geas/ (dat.) . . . . . . 243, 244, 247gea
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67gen ˙di . . . . . . . . . 27, 62, 78, 79geha
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93geha (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 93geha (obl.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 252gehai (gen.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 93gehan (abl.sg.def.) . . . . . 93, 159geha
c
(dat.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 93gehe (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93gehun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93gei (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . 207-gen (1.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 244gen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67geri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95geria
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
237Word forms: A ˙d ˙du
gerie (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95gerie (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 95geriea
c
(dat.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 95geriei (gen.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 95geriein (abl.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 95gerin (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95ges . . . . . . . . . 32, 64, 83, 93, 97ges- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . 93, 159ges-gehun (distr.pl.abl.) . . . . . 160geu (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244ge . . . . . . . . 21, 67, 79, 243, 247ge (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67/gendak/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 78/gen ˙das/ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 78gen ˙da
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78gen ˙da
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 78gen ˙de (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78ge-ge (distr.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 160geviehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . 234ge
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243[ge
c
] (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247gie ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . 237, 238gina ginain . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162gina (pron.adj.) . . . . . . . . . . 162ginain (pron.adj.abl.) . . . . . . . 162gine (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . 213, 229gine ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237gineviehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 234gıehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . 234, 236gıesı (3.sg.pot.interr.) . . . . . . 247gıesı (3.sg.pot.pres.interr.) . . . 247gos (abs.) . 32, 48, 214, 215, 257/got/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 151/got-as/ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 151go
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 151govamun (ger.) . . . . . . . . . . . 257govanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257gua
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68gue (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68guguru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66gu ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125gu ˙na keranı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125-gu ˙na (num.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 125gurei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27guun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68gu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68ha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109handa . . . . . . . . . 31, 32, 65, 96hadagen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . 151hadanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234haddeha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117haddo ˙los . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123handi (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96/ha-ek/. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109hae
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109hakuru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65harakatteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104/harakat-veri/ . . . . . . . . . . . . 104hasada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
hasadaveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104hasateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121hassateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121/hat/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 124hatara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109hatarasateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121hataraverin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81/hatar-ek/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109hatare
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109hatavıs . . . . . . . . . . . . 115, 116/hat-diha/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117/hat-do ˙los/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123hate
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109hattari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117-hattari (num.elem.) . . . . . . . 119haturu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 80haturun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80ha ˙t ˙ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117hau . . . . . 22, 24, 32, 64, 76, 112/haul/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76, 112haula
c
(nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 76haula (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . 76, 88haule (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24havıri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66havırin (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66havverin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124ha
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 124ha (aff.partc.) . . . . . . 23, 42, 250has . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121hedenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234hedi (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255hediehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . 234hei (pron.adj.) . 27, 151, 157, 162hela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 63helain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63hema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 102hen . . . . . . . . . . . . 147, 151, 157henna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66he ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 66he ˙nahiri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 66he ˙nahirin (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 66heras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27heruvanı (caus.) . . . . . . . . . . . 43hia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121-123hiau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47hiki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 102himara . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 65, 96himari (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96hinnasumı (1.sg.fut.interr.) . . . 246hinna
c
(inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210hinna ˙ne (part.fut.) . . . . . . . . . 210hinna ˙nei (part.fut.l.f.) . . . . . . 210hinnei . . . . . . . . . . 44, 107, 245hinnesı (2.sg.fut.interr.) . . . . . 246hinnesı (3.sg.fut.interr.) . . . . . 246hippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41hise (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . 205, 214hisei (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 214hisei (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
hise ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237hisi hei (indef.pron.) . . . 151, 162hisi (part.pret.) . 34, 44, 149, 151,
203, 256hisiehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . . 234hisimı (1.sg.pret.interr.) . . . . . 246hisin (1.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 243hisı (2.sg.pret.interr.) . . . . . . . 246hisı (3.sg.pret.interr.) . . . . . . . 246hisı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . 245, 252hisumı (1.sg.pres.interr.) . . . . 246hiva ˙la . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 65hi
c
(part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 207hodanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234/hodas/ (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 160hodasau (inf. + quot.partc.) . 145,
259hoda
c
(inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160hodiehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . 234homa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63homain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63hudu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 105hukuru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65hu ˙langa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102hun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46hu ˙nu . . . . . . . . . 35, 65, 102, 209huturu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 102hu ˙t ˙tanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44hu ˙t ˙tenı (caus.intr.) . . . . . . . . . 44huvanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 97huvandi (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 97-i (2.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 168-i (3.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 168-i (3.sg.pres.ending) . . . . . . . 213-i (abs.ending) . . . . . . . . 212-214-i (gen.ending) 55, 56, 62, 93, 96,
97-i (loc.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . . 56-i (part.pret.suff.) . . . . . 202, 203/-ia/ (2.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . 178/-ia/ (2.pl.fut.ending) . . . . . . . 177/-ia/ (3.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . 178/-ia/ (3.pl.fut.ending) . . . . . . . 177inde (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257indei (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 214indige (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . 230indoli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-ie (2.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 178-ie (2.pl.fut.ending) . . . . . . . . 177-ie (3.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 178-ie (3.pl.fut.ending) . . . . . . . . 177ingila
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 79ingila (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 79ingili . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 79ingiri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 66ingirin (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66ihi . . . . . . . . . 21, 46, 62, 77, 82ihie (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . 77, 82ihiemen (pl.def.) . . . . . . . . . . . 82
238 Indexes
ihie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 77immı (1.sg.pret.interr.) . . . . . 246-in (1.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 175-in (abl.ending) . . 59, 62, 66, 93in (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 204-in (plur.suff.) 70, 80, 81, 95, 132,
155inı (2.sg.pret.interr.) . . . . . . . 246inı (3.sg.pret.interr.) . . . . . . . 246inı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . . 245innei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204iri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66irınde (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214irınde ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . 237irındi (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 214irın (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 205irın- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . . . 173irındegen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . 245irındegena (abs.III + quest.
partc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245irındiesı (3.sg.pot.pres.interr.) 234,
247irındı (2.sg.pres.interr.) . . . . . 246irındı (3.sg.pres.interr.) . . . . . 246irınduma (1.pl.pres.interr.) . . . 246irındumı (1.sg.pres.interr.) . . . 246irınduta (2.pl.pres.interr.) . . . . 246irınduta (3.pl.pres.interr.) . . . . 246irınnasa (inf.interr.) . . . . . . . . 247irınnasia (2.pl.fut.interr.) . . . . 246irınnasia (3.pl.fut.interr.) . . . . 246irınnası (2.sg.fut.interr.) . . . . . 246irınnası (3.sg.fut.interr.) . . . . . 246irınnasuma (1.pl.fut.interr.) . . 246irınnasumı (1.sg.fut.interr.) . . 246irınnei (part.pres.l.f.) . . . . . . . 205irun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66/issas/ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77issasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 77issasie (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 77issasie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 77issa
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77isse (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77/itir-as/ (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 107itirau (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107itira
c
(adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106itiri (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106iya (cond.conj.) . . . . . . . . . . 240iyye (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 246-ı (foc.marker) . 73, 107, 148-150,
152, 251-253, 257, 260ı ˙tu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 65jambe (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93jambu . . . . . . . . . . . . 60, 65, 93jamburoz- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . 94jamburoza
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . 94jamburoza (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . 94jamburozai (gen.sg.def.) . . . . . 94jamburozain (abl.sg.def.) . . . . . 94
jamburoza
c
(dat.sg.def.) . . . . . . 94jamburoze (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . 94jamburozu . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 94jamburozun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . 94jaha- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . . . . 26jahafi (3.sg.pret.I) . . . . . . . . . 164jahanı . . . . . . . . . 26, 32, 40, 43jassanı (caus.) . . . . . . . . . 40, 43javvu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65jadu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67jehenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26jehe ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 236jehi- (pret.stem) . . . . . . . . . . . 26/jehum/ (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . 262jehumak-ai (obl.sg.indef. +
conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262jehun (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 262joli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20juhau (p.n.nom. + quot.partc.) 151/-k/ (indef.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . 69kamburu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31kamburuveria (nom.sg.def.) . . . 81kadure (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97kaduru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 97kan ˙da . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93kan ˙dagen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . 257kan ˙danı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257/kan ˙das/ (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . 262kan ˙de (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93kafa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 81kafain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63kahalei (pron.adj.) . . . . 154, 163kahumbu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65kai (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 215kaise (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24kaisi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 34kakkanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44/kal/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 255kal- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157kalamidi- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . 39kalege (nom.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 251kalo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135ka ˙la . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105/kam/ . . . . . . . . 46, 96, 240, 255kama
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 240kami (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96kamu (obl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149kamugai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149kan . . . . . . . . . . 46, 96, 240, 255kan (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255kanka- (interr.pron.stem) . . . . 153kankage faratun (interr.pron.
abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155kankage (interr.pron.gen.) 127, 155kanka
c
(interr.pron.dat.) . . . . . 155ka ˙ni (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 213ka ˙n ˙nei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203kara . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 65, 67karu ˙ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
kasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83kasi . . . . . . . . . . 23, 43, 78, 107kasie (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 78ka ˙t ˙tela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43kau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81kau bofain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81kau ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65kaverie (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 245kafa (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 81kafamen (pl.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 81kafi (3.sg.pret.I) . . . . . . . . . . 151kafuru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 65kagen (abs.III) . . . . . . . 215, 227kaheti (impers.fut.) . . . . . . . . 162kai (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215/kas/ (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . 243, 247/kasak/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 78/kasas/ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78kasa
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78kasa
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 78, 83kase (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78kau (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243kaye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151ka
c
(inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . 247, 261ke- (interr.pron.stem) 152, 156, 157ke (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 208/ke ˙dak/ (obl.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 138ke ˙da
c
(obl.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 138ke ˙de . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 59, 66ke ˙de (part.pret.) . . . 36, 208, 240ke ˙deı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . 208kehei digi (interr.pron.) . . . . . 158kehei duraki (interr.pron.loc.) . 158kehei duru (interr.pron.) . . . . 158kehei duvahaka
c
(interr.pron.dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
kehei (interr.pron.) . . . . . . . . 127kehei vara
c
(interr.pron.) 127, 158/ke-hen-ak-as/ (interr.pron.dat.) 158kehenaka
c
(interr.pron.dat.) 127,151, 158
kehuru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66kei (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185kei (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . 208kekenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44/kel/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36kelei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27ke ˙ne (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213ke ˙ne ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237ke ˙ni (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 203ke ˙niehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . 234keo ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66keranduru fufi . . . . . . . . . 34, 77keranduru fufie (nom.sg.def.) . . 77keranduru fufie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) 77keranı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208, 236keranı-a (part.pres.l.f. + quest.
partc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245kera ˙ne (part.fut.) . . . . . . . . . . 210
239Word forms: A ˙d ˙du
kera ˙nei (part.fut.l.f.) . . . . . . . 210keras- (inf.stem) . . . . . . . . . . 192kera
c
(inf.) . . . . . . . . . . 192, 210keye (interr.pron.nom.) . 153, 155keyye (interr.pron.nom.) 127, 153,
155ke (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . 258, 259ke (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 254kefi (3.sg.pret.I) . . . . . . 145, 147kenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145kenı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . 257kian (interr.pron.) . . . . . . . . . 159kian vegen (interr.pron.) 127, 159kiehi . . . . . . . . . . 21, 47, 77, 84kiehin (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84[kien] (interr.pron.) . . . . . . . . 159[kien vegen] (interr.pron.) . . . 159kiessa
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84kiessa
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . 47, 77, 84kiesse (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84kie ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . . 237kihei (interr.pron.) . 27, 157, 162ki ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 35, 66ki ˙lin (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66kiri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66kirun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66kitaka
c
(interr.pron.) . . . 127, 158kıehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . . . 234koba (interr.pron.) . . . . . . . . 156kombakin (interr.pron.nom.pl.) 154,
155kombakinge faratun (interr.
pron.abl.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 155kombakinge (interr.pron.gen.
pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155kombakinna
c
(interr.pron.dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
konda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65koffı-fehe (part.pret.I + cond.
conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240kokko- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . 96kokko (nom.sg.def.) 22, 42, 67, 82,
87, 96kokkoa
c
(dat.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 96kokkoge faratun (abl.sg.def.) . . 96kokkoge (gen.sg.def.) . . . . . . . 96kokkomen (pl.def.) . . . . . . 82, 96kokkomenge faratun (abl.sg.
def.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96kokkomenge (gen.pl.def.) . . . . 96kokkomenna
c
(dat.pl.def.) . . . . 96/kol/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22kolli (part.pret.II) . . . . . . . . . 240ko ˙le (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214ko ˙le ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237ko ˙li (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 214ko ˙li (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 203ko ˙lonei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203kommi duvahaki (indef.pron.) 160
kommi etta
c
(indef.pron.) . . . . 160kommi (indef.pron.) . . . . . . . 160/kommi-as eti-ak/ (indef.pron.) 160kommıas etta
c
(indef.pron.)160, 161kommıas mıha
c
(indef.pron.) . 160kon etteti tekaka
c
(interr.pron.dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
kon etteti tekaki (interr.pron.gen.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
kon etteti tekakun (interr.pron.abl.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
kon etteti teka
c
(interr.pron.pl.indef.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
kon (interr.pron.)127, 148, 152-157,159, 164
kon kahalei (interr.pron.) 154, 164/kon-bakin/ (interr.pron.nom.
pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154konkalaka
c
(interr.pron.dat.) . . 157konkalaki (interr.pron.loc.)127, 157konkalakun (interr.pron.abl.) . 157/kon-me/ (indef.pron.) . . . . . . 161/kon-mi-as/ (indef.pron. +
emph.partc.) . . . . . . . . . . 160konnanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213kontaka
c
(interr.pron.dat.) 155, 156kontaki (interr.pron.gen.) . . . . 155kontakun (interr.pron.abl.) 155, 156/kon-tan-ak-as/ (interr.pron.
dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156/kon-tan-ak-i/ (interr.pron.loc.) 156/kon-tan-tan-ak-as/ (interr.pron.
dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156/kon-tan-tan-ak-i/ (interr.pron.
loc.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 75, 156kontantaka
c
(interr.pron.dat.pl.) 156kontantaki (interr.pron.loc.pl.) 75,
156kontantakun (interr.pron.abl.pl.) 156konta
c
(interr.pron.) . 127, 153-155kontaki (interr.pron.loc.) 127, 156/kos/ (abs.) . . . . . . 215, 242, 255kosanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41kosara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 97kosari (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97/kos-dı-fi/ (abs. + part.pret.I) . 242kosi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41kota ˙la . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65ko
c
(abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . 215, 255ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 157ko (conj.) . . . . . . . 245, 254, 262kudda (nom.sg.def.)39, 77, 80, 145,
147, 163kudi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77, 85kudi- (stem) . . . . . . . 39, 80, 163kudin (pl.) . . . . . . 77, 80, 85, 163kudinge (gen.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 77kudu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163/kuku ˙las/ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . 247
kuku ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35kula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105ku ˙ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 209kuruba . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 63, 94kuruba- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . 94kurubai (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 94kurubain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . 63, 94kuruba (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 94kurubai (gen.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 94kurubain (abl.sg.def.) . . . . . . . 94kuruba
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94kuruba
c
(dat.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 94/kudak/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 77kuda
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . 77, 85lada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105lanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226, 227lappanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 225lassa
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 77lavvanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44la
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44la
c
ni vei (3.sg.pres.neg.) . . . . . 44lagen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . . . 227lahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77lai (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262lehekı (nom.sg.indef. + foc.
marker) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152lei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27lek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152lekakı (nom.sg.indef. + foc.
marker) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152lema hinga (1.pl.impv. + 2.sg.
impv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184lemma (1.pl.pret.interr.) . . . . . 246lemmı (1.sg.pres.interr.) . . . . 246/let/ (part.pret.) . . . . . . . 240, 256leta (3.pl.pret.interr.) . . . . . . . 246letı (2.sg.pret.interr.) . . . . . . . 246letı (3.sg.pret.interr.) . . . . . . . 246levva (2.pl.pret.interr.) . . . . . . 246le
c
(part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 240, 256lei (2.sg.pres.interr.) . . . . . . . 246lei (3.sg.pres.interr.) . . . . . . . 246leli (part.pret.II) . . . . . . . . . . 240lema (1.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 184lemı (1.sg.pres.interr.) . . . . . . 246lena (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 256/lena-ı/ (part.pres.l.f.) . . . . . . 245lena ˙ne (part.fut.) . . . . . . . . . . 256lenasumı (1.sg.fut.interr.) . . . . 246lenaya (part.pres. + foc.marker
+ quest.partc.) . . . . . . . . . 245lenei (part.pres.l.f.) . 22, 234, 245lenesia (2.pl.fut.interr.) . . . . . 246lenesia (3.pl.fut.interr.) . . . . . 246lenesı (2.sg.fut.interr.) . . . . . . 246lenesı (3.sg.fut.interr.) . . . . . . 246lenesuma (1.pl.fut.interr.) . . . . 246lenesumı (1.sg.fut.interr.) . . . . 246lian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
240 Indexes
lianun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80libenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234libiehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . . 234libiesı (3.sg.pot.pres.interr.) . . 247lie ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . 236, 237lıehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . . . 234/lol/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 79lola
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 79lo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 79ma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106ma ekuhun (pers.pron.abl.) . . 141ma (pers.pron.obl.) 127, 129, 140,
141, 145, 240, 243-245, 261mad- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94mada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 94mada fehi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105mada (pron.adj.) . . . . . . 105, 163mada
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94mada (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 94madai (gen.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 94madain (abl.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 94mada
c
(dat.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 94madi (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94madun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94madun (pron.adj.abl.) . . . . . . 163ma ˙da . . . . . . . . . . . 83, 103, 163ma ˙da
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 83ma ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77ma ˙die (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 77ma ˙die
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 77mafiriakamen (pl.) . . . . . . . . 106maga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138mage faratun (pers.pron.abl.) . 141mage (pers.pron.gen.) . . . . . . 141magun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 138mahakun (abl.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 59maha
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93maha
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 76maha (nom.sg.def.) . . . 76, 82, 93mahai (gen.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 93mahain (abl.sg.def.) . . . . . 59, 93mahamen (pl.def.) . . . . . . . . . 82maha
c
(dat.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 93mahi (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . 93, 96mahun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . 59, 93main bafain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81main (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81maku ˙na
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 76maku ˙na (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . 76maku ˙nu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76, 209/mal/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 76mala
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 76mala (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . 76, 88mali (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 96mamma (nom.sg.def.) . 42, 48, 81mammamen (pl.def.) . . . . . . . . 81/mas/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43mas 18, 32, 59, 76, 81-83, 93, 96,
97
mas- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93masakka
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245/mas-a-in/ (abl.sg.def.) . . . . . . 59massara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65/mas-un/ (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 59masveria (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . 81/mas/ (pers.pron.dat.) . . . . . . 247masafei (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . 256mati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 39matta
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39matte (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39ma ˙tta
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34mau . . . . . . . . . . 22, 24, 76, 96ma
c
(pers.pron.dat.) 141, 228, 229,234, 236, 238
-ma (1.pl.ending) . . . . . 168, 175/-ma/ (1.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . 177ma (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106maduma
c
(adv.) . . . . . . . 23, 247mafa- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81mafa (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 81mafamen (pl.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 81mama (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 81mamamen (pl.def.) . . . . . . . . . 81mamui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24mavahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78mavahiei (gen.sg.def.) . . . . . . . 78mavahie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 78mavassa
c(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
mavasse (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 78me (dem.pron.) . . . . . . . . . . 147-me (emph.partc.) . . . . . . . . . 161mede . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 50, 66mehen (adv.) . . . . . 127, 147, 151mehi . . 25, 32, 40, 47, 62, 77, 95mehi- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95mehiea
c
(dat.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 95mehiei (gen.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 95mehiein (abl.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 95mehin (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95mei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41mei (conj.) . . . . . . . 147, 149, 255meku ˙nu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209mela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 63melain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63-men (plur.suff.) 70, 71, 80-82, 87,
95, 106, 161mendiri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66mendirin (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 66messa
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . 40, 95messa
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . 40, 77messa (nom.sg.def.) . . 40, 77, 95messe (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . 40, 95mesi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105meha
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . 40, 77meha (nom.sg.def.) 21, 40, 77, 95melamfati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77melamfatie (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . 77melamfatie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . 77
meze (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245mezu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245mi (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245mi (dem.pron.) . . . . 70, 127, 139,
145-147, 150, 151mi gota
c
(adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . 151mi kahalei (dem.pron.) . . . . . 127mi ko (dem.pron.) . . . . . . . . 127mi tan (dem.pron.) . . . . . . . . 127mi vara
c
(dem.pron.) . . . . . . . 127miage (dem.pron.gen.) . . . . . 127miara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 66mia (dem.pron.def.) . . . . . . . . 70miamen (pron.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 70mide (pers.pron.nom.) . . 139, 150/mi-ı/ (dem.pron. + foc.marker) 253minai (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 169miris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64misi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26mitura (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 80mituru . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 80, 103miturun (nom.pl.) . . . . . . . 47, 80mı (dem.pron. + foc.marker) 145,
148, 253/mıdel/ . . . . . . . . . . . 76, 82, 97mıdel- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93mıdela
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93mıdela
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 76mıdela (nom.sg.def.) 76, 82, 88, 93,
97mıdelai (gen.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 93mıdelain (abl.sg.def.) . . . . . . . 93mıdelamen (pl.def.) . . . . . . . . . 82mıdela
c
(dat.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 93mıdele (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . 93, 97mıdelun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 93mıdeu . . . . . . . . . 76, 82, 93, 97mıhaka (nom.sg.indef. + conj.) 138mıhakı (nom.sg.indef. + foc.
marker) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253mıha
c
ne
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164mıha (nom.sg.def.) 80, 95, 107, 149m´ıha (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 48mıha (obl.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 106mıhage faratun (abl.sg.def.) . . . 95mıhage (gen.sg.def.) . . . . . 61, 95mıhaı (nom.sg.def. + foc.
marker) . . . . . . . . . . 252-254mıhakı (obl.sg.indef. + foc.
marker) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73mıha
c
(dat.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 95mıhun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 80, 95mıhunge faratun (abl.pl.) . . 61, 95mıhunge (gen.pl.) . . . . . . . 61, 95mıhunna
c
(dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 95mıs- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . 80, 95/mıs-ak/ (nom.sg.indef.) . 160, 164mıs-mıhun (distr.pl.) . . . . . . . 160mo ˙logan ˙da . . . . . . . 144, 145, 150
241Word forms: A ˙d ˙du
mo ˙logan ˙dai (nom.sg.def. +conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
mudi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77mudie (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 77mudie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 77mun ˙du . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65mugu . . . . . . . . . . 65, 102, 105/mul/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22mu ˙li (pron.adj.) . . . . . . . . . . 107-mun (ger.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . 197muni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81muni-kafain (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 81muni-mafain (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 81munna (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 81munnamen (pl.def.) . . . . . . . . . 81mussanti . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 151mu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22mu ˙ne (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96mu ˙nu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 96musun . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 47, 64-n (1.sg.ending) . . . . . . 168, 175/-n/ (1.sg.fut.ending) . . . . . . . 177nagalai (abs.II) . . . . . . . . . . . 164naguvagen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . 257naguvanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257naisa (obl.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 161naise (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24naisi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24/nakat/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25naka
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25na ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 76, 96na ˙na
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 76na ˙na (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 76na ˙ni (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96nava- (num.elem.) . . . . . . . . 120/nava-ahi/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120navafansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120navahattari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120navaha ˙t ˙ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120navasa ˙lıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120navatirıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120navahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120navanavei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120navara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114-116navavıs . . . . . . . . . . . . 115, 116navei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117na ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 47nara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65naringa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66-ne (part.pres.suff.) . . . . . . . . 200nera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27/net/ (3.sg.pres.neg.) . . . 261, 262/net/ (part.pret.) . . . . . . 107, 149netigen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . . 261netı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . 208netun (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 149ne
c
(3.sg.pres.neg.) . . . . . . . . 261ne
c
(part.pret.) 107, 149, 208, 261neduru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 65
/nefat/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79nefata
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 79nefa
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79ni bala (neg.partc. + 2.sg.
impv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261ni balau (neg.partc. + 2.pl.
impv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261ni beliehe (3.sg.pot.pres.neg.) 232,
234ni e (2.sg.impv.neg.) . . . . . . . 193ni en (neg.partc. + 1.sg.pres.) . 261ni (neg.partc.)44, 45, 145, 162, 184,
246, 250, 260, 261, 262ni temiehe (3.sg.pot.pres.neg.) 232ni vediehe (3.sg.pot.pres.neg.) 232nidanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 234nida (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 23nida ˙ne (part.fut.) . . . . . . . . . . 247nide ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 236nidiehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . 234nikkuri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42/nil/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22nimenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212nime ˙ne (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 209nimi (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212nimige (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . 228/nit-kuri/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42nukumei (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . 214nukume ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . 237nukumi (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 214nukumiehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . 234nukumigatin (1.sg.pret.III) 227, 228nukumige (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . 228nukunnei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205/nukut/ (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 205nukutı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . 205nuku
c
(part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 205nun (neg.partc.) 23, 144, 245, 250,
260, 261nun-au (neg.partc. + quot.
partc.) . . . 145, 148, 150, 259,260
nuva . . . . . . . . . . . 110, 116, 120nuva
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110nuvadeha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117/nuvak/. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110nuvasateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121nuvasateka asanavei . . . . . . . 121nu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 22, 105ñakas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45ñam ñam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45ñam ñam ges . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45ñaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45ñeku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45- ˙ne (part.fut.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 210ohibada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63ohibadain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 63oi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 68oivara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
oivara
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68o ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65o ˙na- (num.elem.) . . . . . . . . . 114o ˙nafansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120o ˙nahattari . . . . . . . . . . 114, 120o ˙naha ˙t ˙ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120o ˙nasa ˙lıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120o ˙nasatta . . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 120o ˙natirıs . . . . . . . . . . . . 115, 120o ˙navei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120o ˙navihi . . . . . . . . . . . . 113, 120o ˙noahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120/ot/ (part.pret.) . . . . 161, 205, 256otı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . 151, 205ove (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214ove ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237oye (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68oyei (gen.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 68oyin (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68o
c
(part.pret.) . . . . . 161, 205, 256ogaveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104pan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80pangan ˙da
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . 80radun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80ranga ˙la . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102raggau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43rahumat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81rahumatteria (nom.sg.def.) . . . . 81rahumatterin (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 81ra ˙la . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76ra ˙la
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 76ra ˙la (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 76rammas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43ran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102ranun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102rasgefanu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80raskalun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80/ras/ . . . . . . 18, 64, 79, 132, 149/rasas/ (dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 48[rasau] (dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . 48rasi (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149/rat/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 105/rat-gal/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43/rat-mas/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43ra ˙t ˙tehi . . . . . . . . . 37, 78, 80, 106ra ˙t ˙tehin (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80ra ˙t ˙tessa
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 78ra
c
. . . . 18, 64, 79, 105, 132, 149ra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21radde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39reha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 63rehain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63rei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 67, 68rekenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23reke (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 23ri ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35rihenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44rihi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102riveti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105, 106
242 Indexes
rındu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105sabbıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115sahi (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 213sahunei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203sai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 25, 68sa ˙lıs de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117sa ˙lıs de
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117satara . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113, 114sateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121sateka bahattari . . . . . . . . . . 121satekavana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123satta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121sauda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112sauvıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115saya
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68saye (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68sayin (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68safu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47salıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116sa ˙lıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116sehe (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213sehe ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237sehi (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 203se ˙ta
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 164[sidrun] (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43/sirrun/ (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43si ˙tia
c
(indef.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 245si ˙tı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33so ˙la . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112, 113suhi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77sussa
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 77-sa (interr.inf.ending) . . . . . . 245-t (part.pret.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 205ta ekuhun (pers.pron.abl.) . . . 141ta (pers.pron.obl.) . 133, 134, 140,
141, 145, 151, 178, 245, 255/tafiria/ (pers.pron.nom.pl.) . . 134tafirie (pers.pron.nom.pl.) 134, 140,
143, 247tafirin ekuhun (pers.pron.abl.
pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143tafirin (pers.pron.obl.pl.) 134, 140,
143, 178tafiringe faratun (pers.pron.abl.
pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143tafiringe (pers.pron.gen.pl.) . 143,
144tafirinna
c
(pers.pron.dat.pl.) . . 143tage faratun (pers.pron.abl.) . . 141tage (pers.pron.gen.) . . . 141, 144/tak/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153tan . . . . . . . . . . . . 75, 156, 247tan-tan (distr.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 156tari . . . . . . . . . . . 59, 62, 77, 95tari- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95tarie (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . 77, 95tariea
c
(dat.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 95tariei (gen.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 95tariein (abl.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 95
/tari-ek/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . 47, 77tarie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 47, 77tarin (abl.) . . . . . . . . . 59, 62, 95tasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78tau (quest.partc.)145, 148, 151, 255,
258, 259taulıman . . . . . . . . . . . 107, 149taulıman ne
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 107tayyara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42ta
c
(pers.pron.dat.) . . . . . 141, 234-ta (2.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 168-ta (3.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 168tara
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95tare (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95tarıx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45/tasak/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 78/tasas/ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78tasa
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78tasa
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 78tase (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78taza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 103te (dem.pron.) 144, 146, 147, 150,
151teakı (dem.pron. + foc.marker) 150tebe- (prev.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244tebe-ain (prev. + 1.sg.pret.) . . 244tebe-ai (prev. + 2.sg.pret.
interr.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247tebe-ai (prev. + 3.sg.pret.
interr.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247tebe-ama (prev. + 1.pl.pret.
interr.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247tebe-amı (prev. + 1.sg.pret.
interr.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247tebe-ata (prev. + 2.pl.pret.
interr.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247tebe-ata (prev. + 3.pl.pret.
interr.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247tebe-ava (prev. + 2.pl.pret.
interr.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247tebe-gen (prev. + 1.sg.pret.) . . 244teb-o (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 214tede . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 104tedeveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 104tedeveria (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . 81teduvanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227/teduvi-gat/ (3.sg.pret.III) . . . . 227teduviga
c
(3.sg.pret.III) . . . . . 227/te-ı/ (dem.pron. + foc.marker) 253/tek/ (pron.adj.) . . . . . . . . . . 155/tel/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 25, 79tela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 43te ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 35, 62, 77te ˙lie (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 77te ˙lie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 77te ˙lin (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62teme (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . 168, 184teme- (pres.stem) . . . . . 168, 209temei (2.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 174
temei (2.sg.pres.interr.) . . . . . 246temei (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 174temei (3.sg.pres.interr.) . . . . . 246temema (1.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . 184temema (1.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . 174temema (1.pl.pres.interr.) . . . . 246tememı (1.sg.pres.interr.) . . . . 246tememun (ger.) . . . . . . . 168, 197temen (1.sg.pres.) . . . . . 168, 174temenı . . 166, 168, 174, 175, 209,
227, 228, 234temenı (part.pres.l.f.) . . . 168, 199teme ˙na (2.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . 176teme ˙na (3.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . 176teme ˙na (3.pl.pret.interr.) . . . . 246teme ˙ne (2.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . 176teme ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 236teme ˙ne (3.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . 176teme ˙ne (part.pret.) . . . . 168, 175,
199, 209teme ˙ne- (pret.stem) . . . . . . . . 168teme ˙nei (2.sg.pret.interr.) . . . . 246teme ˙nei (3.sg.pret.interr.) . . . . 246teme ˙nei (part.pret.l.f.) . . 168, 199teme ˙nema (1.pl.pret.) . . . . . . 176teme ˙nema (1.pl.pret.interr.) . . 246†teme ˙nemı (1.sg.pret.interr.) . 246teme ˙nen (1.sg.pret.) . . . 168, 176teme ˙neva (2.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . 176teme ˙neva (2.pl.pret.interr.) . . . 246temeta (2.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 174temeta (2.pl.pres.interr.) . . . . 246temeta (3.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 174temeta (3.pl.pres.interr.) . . . . 246temeu (2.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . . 184teme (part.pres.) . . . . . . 168, 199temehe (2.sg.fut.) . . . . . 177, 178temehe (3.sg.fut.) . . . . . 177, 178teme ˙ne (part.fut.) . . 168, 199, 210teme ˙nei (part.fut.l.f.) 168, 199, 210temesa (inf.interr.) . . . . . . . . 247/temesia/ (2.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . 177/temesia/ (3.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . 177temesie (2.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . . 177temesie (3.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . . 177temesuma (1.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . 177temesun (1.sg.fut.) . . . . 168, 177teme
c
(inf.) . . . . . . 168, 195, 210temi (abs.) . . . . . . . 168, 212, 215temi temi (red.abs.) . . . . . . . . 215temiehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . 178, 232,
234temiesı (3.sg.pot.pres.interr.) . 247temifei (abs.I) . . . . . . . . . . . 227temige (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . 228temigen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . . 227temı gandu (2.pl.impv.) . . . . . 184temı gan (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . 184temun (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . 168, 196
243Word forms: A ˙d ˙du
teu . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 25, 64, 79te (dem.pron. + foc.marker) . 145,
148, 253tera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111tevıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115tibema (1.pl.pres.interr.) . . . . 246tibenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106, 242tibeta (2.pl.pres.interr.) . . . . . 246tibeta (3.pl.pres.interr.) . . . . . 246tibesia (2.pl.fut.interr.) . . . . . . 246tibesia (3.pl.fut.interr.) . . . . . . 246tibesuma (1.pl.fut.interr.) . . . . 246tibi (part.pret.) . . . . 106, 160, 162tibia (3.pl.pret.interr.) . . . . . . 246tibima (1.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 243tibima (1.pl.pret.interr.) . . . . . 246tibiva (2.pl.pret.interr.) . . . . . 246/tikak/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 80tika
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 80tika (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . . 80tiki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47tima ekuhun (pron.abl.) . . . . . 146tima (pron.) . . . 48, 133, 144-146tima (pron.obl.) . . . . . . . . . . 145timage faratun (pers.pron.abl.) 146timage (pron.gen.) . 144, 146, 150timamen ekuhun (pron.abl.pl.) 146timamen (pron.pl.) . . . . . . . . 146timamenge faratun (pron.pl.
abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146timamenge (pron.gen.pl.) 144, 146timamenna
c
(pron.dat.pl.) . . . . 146tima
c
(pron.dat.) . . . . . . . . . . 146tin . . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 108, 109tin bofain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81tin has . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121tindo ˙los . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122tindo ˙los eke
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . 122/tin-ek/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109tineti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124tine
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108, 109tin-gu ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125tinsateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121tinvana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123tinverin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74, 81tirıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116tirıs de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117tirıs de
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117tirıs eke
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117tirıs e
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117tirıs nuva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117tirıs nuvae
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117tı ˙ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66tır . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46tosi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77tosie (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 77tosie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 77to (pers.pron.nom.) 133, 140, 141,
178, 247
udagu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31uddan ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42u ˙du . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 65ufa . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 104, 240ufaveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 104ungu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65/uk-dan ˙di/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42uku ˙nu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 209-uma (1.pl.fut.ending) . . . . . . 177-un (1.sg.fut.ending) . . . . . . . 177-un (abl.ending) . . . . . . . . 59, 62-un (plur.suff.) . . . 70, 80, 81, 95-un (vb.n.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . 196us . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32uturu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65uxtu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20ua
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20ue (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20un (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20uru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 65-va- (caus.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . 170vad- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . . . 167vadi (2.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 173vadi (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . 173, 213vadu (2.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 184vadu (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . 167, 184vaduma (1.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . 184vaduma (1.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . 173vadun (1.sg.pres.) . . . . . 167, 173vaduta (2.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 173vaduta (3.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 173va ˙da . . . . . . . . . . 35, 36, 65, 93va ˙de (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93va ˙di mıha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80va ˙din (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80vagutu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65vai . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 68, 103vaigada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103vain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68va ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79vamma (1.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . 176van (2.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 176van (3.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 176van (part.pret.) . . . 167, 175, 199,
205van- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . . . 167van- (pret.stem) . . . . . . . . . . 167-vana (ord.suff.) . . . . . . 123, 124vana (2.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 176vana (3.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 176vanin (1.sg.pret.) . . . . . 167, 176vanı (part.pres.l.f.) . . . . 106, 107vanı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . 167, 199vannahe (2.sg.fut.) . . . . 177, 178vannahe (3.sg.fut.) . . . . 177, 178vanna ˙ne (part.fut.) . . . . 167, 199,
210vanna ˙nei (part.fut.l.f.)167, 199, 210
/vannasia/ (2.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . 177/vannasia/ (3.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . 177vannasie (2.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . 177vannasie (3.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . 177vannasuma (1.pl.fut.) . . . . . . 177vannasun (1.sg.fut.) . . . 167, 177vanna
c
(inf.) . . 167, 195, 196, 210vanne (part.pres.) . . 167, 199, 200vannei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205vannei (part.pres.l.f.) 167, 199, 200vanu (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . 167, 184vanun (1.sg.pres.) . . . . . 167, 173vanun (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . 167, 196vara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103, 158varagada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103/var-ak/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 158vara
c
(adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106vara
c
gina (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . 106vara
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 158vas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103vasgada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103vasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78/vat/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161vati (loc.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 161va ˙t ˙tanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26vau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 24vaule (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24/vayas/ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68vaye (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68/vayin/ (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68va
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161-va (2.pl.ending) . . . . . . 169, 175-va (interr.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . 169vare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79vareduni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47/vasak/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 78/vasas/ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78vasa
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78vasa
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 78vase (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78va
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68ve- (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236vede- (abs.) . . . . . . 167, 212, 213vedefei (abs.I) . . . . . . . 213, 227vedege (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . 228vedegen (abs.III) . . . . . 213, 227vedelai (abs.II) . . . . . . . 213, 227vedemun (ger.) . . . . . . . 167, 197vede ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237vedi (abs.) . . . 167, 212, 213, 215vedi vedi (red.abs.) . . . . . . . . 215vediehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . 178, 232,
234ve ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 79, 206vege (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . . 149vegen (abs.III) 151, 159, 215, 255vegen (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 255vei (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 215vei (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . 215, 236
244 Indexes
/vel/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 25velei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27veli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36venı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151, 208venı (part.pres.l.f.) . . . . 106, 107-veri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81veri . . . . . . . . . . . . 74, 124, 140-veria (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 81veria (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . . 74-verie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 81verin (nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-verin (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 124vesi- (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206vesi ni ove ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.
neg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237vesionnei . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 206/vesiot/ (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 206vesiotı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . 206vesiovefei (abs.I) . . . . . . . . . 214vesiove ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . 237vesio
c
(part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 206vesiofei (abs.I) . . . . . . . . . . . 214vesioi (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 214
vesioi (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214ve ˙t ˙tenı . . . . 26, 36, 182, 212, 230ve ˙t ˙ti (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . 212, 214veu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 25/vev/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25veve ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237veviehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . 234ve (part.pres.) . . . . . 106, 200, 240ven ˙dei (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . 214ven ˙den (1.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 36ven ˙denı (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . 151ven ˙de ˙ne (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . 237ven ˙de ˙ne (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 206ven ˙de ˙nei (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . 206ven ˙de ˙nen (1.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . 36ven ˙diehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 234ve-fehe (part.pres. + cond.
conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240vehe (3.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . . . . . 240vehe (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . . . 236vela . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 160, 254velei (conj.) . . . . . . 160, 249, 254
velei (loc.) . . . . . . . 160, 249, 254ven ˙denı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206ve ˙ne (part.fut.) . . . . . . . . . . . 210ve ˙nei (part.fut.l.f.) . . . . . . . . 210vesı (3.sg.pot.pres.interr.) . . . 234ve
c
(inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210vi (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 238vi (part.pret.) . . . . . 149, 208, 237vidi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131vihi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114vihivana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123vikkanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44vina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63vinain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63vu ˙nu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 237xadima . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 133xadima (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . 253-y (2.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 168-y (3.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 168ya (cond.conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . 240-ye (def.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-ye
c
(indef.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . 69/-
c
/ (inf.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Fua
c
Mulaku
-∅ (2.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 175-∅ (3.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 175-a (3.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 175ambo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31ambu . . . . . . . . . 31, 85, 86, 158ambu mıhage (gen.sg.) . . . . . . 85andanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173, 213addan ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43adi (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250a ˙d ˙deha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117a ˙de
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 83a ˙do . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 83, 103a ˙dogada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103afun (pers.pron.obl.pl.) . 130, 132,
142afunge faraten (pers.pron.abl.
pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142afunge (pers.pron.gen.pl.) 142, 144afunna
c
(pers.pron.dat.pl.) . . . 142afu (pers.pron.nom.pl.) . 130, 132,
141, 142anga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 103anga gada mitura . . . . . . . . . 103anga ma ˙do mitura . . . . . . . . . 103angaen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . 59, 63angara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63angaraen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 63aha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 83-aha (dat.ending) 57, 58, 62, 97, 98-aha (inf.ending) . . . . . . 173, 181aharen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98ahare
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 83
aharo . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 83, 98ahafi (3.sg.pret.I) . . . . . . . . . 149ahe
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 83ai (quot.partc.) 149, 227, 258, 259-ak (indef.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . 73/-ak/ (indef.suff.) . . . . . . . 70, 82akiraha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98akiren (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98akiri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98-akı (foc.marker) . . . . . 252, 253-aku (indef.suff.obl.) . . . . . . . . 73al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 46, 102alamari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84alamarie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 84alanasi . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 48, 84alanasie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 84ali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 98, 103aligada . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 103aliha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98amanatteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104/amanat-veri/ . . . . . . . . . . . . 104amma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248ammasa (dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . 248ammave (nom. + quot.partc.) . 248an (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 204/an-ek/ (pron.adj.) . . . . . . . . . 152anhen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158anhen geri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158anhen mıha . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158annaha (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 181annaı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204, 235annahinin (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . 181
ann¯a (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 181aranı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235arage (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . . 229-as (emph.partc.) . . . . . . . . . 250assateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121asseri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42/as/ . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 117, 124/-as/ (dat.ending) . . . . . . . 57, 62-asa (dat.ending) 18, 57, 58, 62, 97asara . . . . . . . . . . . 113, 114, 116asavıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115, 116/as-ek/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109ase
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109asi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98asiaha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98asien (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98asiha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98aso . . . . . . . . . 86, 109, 117, 124asoverin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86/at/ . . . . . . . . . 25, 43, 46, 88, 98ate ˙le . . . . . . . . 27, 28, 35, 47, 66ate ˙leveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86ate ˙leverun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 86aten (abl.) . . . . 46, 60-62, 85, 98atin (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60atiraha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98atiri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98/at-tela/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43attela . . . . . . . . . . 43, 63, 83, 98attelaen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . 63, 98attelae
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 83atte
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
245Word forms: Fua
c
Mulaku
ava (pers.pron.nom.) 130, 131, 141avaha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102a
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 46, 88, 98-a
c
(dat.ending) . . . . . . 57, 58, 62-a
c
(indef.suff.) . . . . . 70, 82, 158-a (1.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 177-a (abs.ending) . . . . . . . 212, 227-a (conj.) . . . . . . . . 82, 249, 250-a (def.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71a (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207ambe
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 85ambun aten (abl.pl.) . . . . . . . . 85ambun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 85, 86ambunge (gen.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 85ambunna
c
(dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 85ada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20andi (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 213adıtta . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 42, 63adıttaen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63ahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 117aho (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . 215, 256aı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . . 207a ˙laha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21a ˙len (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21a ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 35amilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42bagıca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45baha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161bahuge (gen.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 161bai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124baiken (indef.pron.pl.) . . . . . . 261baivaro (pron.adj.) . . . . . . . . 162bakamu ˙nu . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 65bakari . . . . 47, 84, 87, 88, 98, 99bakariamen (pl.) . . . . . . . . 87, 88bakarie (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99bakarien (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 99bakarie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 84bakariha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . 98, 99bakarite
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 87, 88bal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 102bala (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . 167, 183bala (part.pres.) . . . . . . 167, 198bala- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . 26, 167balama (1.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . . 183balama (1.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . 169balamun (ger.) . . . . . . . 167, 197balan (1.sg.pres.) . . . . . 167, 169balanı 166, 167, 174, 175, 178, 236balanı (part.pres.l.f.) . . . 167, 198balanna (inf.) . 167, 180, 192, 195balanna (1.pl.fut.) . . . . . 179, 180balanna (1.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . 176balannen (1.sg.fut.) 167, 176, 179,
180balannen (3.sg.fut.) . 176, 179, 180balannen (part.fut.) . . . . 167, 198balannena (3.pl.fut.) 176, 179, 180balannenin (1.sg.fut.) 167, 176, 179
balannenı (part.fut.l.f.) . . 167, 198balanneye (2.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . 180balanneyye (2.sg.fut.) . . 176, 179balanne (2.sg.fut.) . . . . . 176, 179balann¯e (part.fut.) . . . . . . . . . 198balanneva (2.pl.fut.) . . . 176, 179balanneva (2.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . 180balatta (3.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 169balau (2.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 183balayye (2.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . 169bala (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 169bala (abs.) . . . . . . . 167, 211, 215bala bala (red.abs.) . . . . . . . . 215balafe (abs.I) . . . . . . . . . . . . 227balagen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . . 227balalai (abs.II) . . . . . . . . . . . 227balali (part.pret.II) . . . . . . . . 255balava (2.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 169bal¯a (part.pres.) . . . . . . 198, 201bali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103ba ˙lamen (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87ba ˙le (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96ba ˙le
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 83ba ˙lo . . . . . . . . . . 65, 83, 87, 96ba ˙lote
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87ban (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 204bannaha (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . 181bannaı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204, 235bannahinin (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . . 181bann¯a (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 181bappa . . . . . . . 41, 46, 48, 87, 97bappamen (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 87bappasa (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 97baro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103batteli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 47bandi (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 213bara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111bavıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114b¯a ˙ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23b¯asaha (dat.) . . . . . . . 84, 98, 99b¯ase (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 84, 99b¯asen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 84, 99b¯ase
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 84b¯asi . . . . . 23, 46, 62, 84, 98, 99b¯azamen (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87b¯aze
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 83b¯azu . . . . . . . . . . 23, 66, 83, 87bende (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213bendıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . 235bendun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237behe
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 83beli (3.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 175beli- (pret.stem) . . . . . . . 26, 167belin (1.sg.pret.) . . . . . . 167, 175belı (part.pret.) . . . . 167, 174, 198belı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . 167, 198belıa (3.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 175belıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 232belıma (1.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 175
belıva (2.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 175belıyye (1.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . 175belun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . . 236belun (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . 167, 196be ˙lal . . . . . . . . . . 86, 88, 97, 99be ˙lal (pl.) . . . . . . 86, 88, 97, 100be ˙lalaha (dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 100be ˙lalaku (obl.sg.indef.) . . . . . 148be ˙lalamen (pl.) . . . . . . . . . 87, 88be ˙lalen (abl.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 100be ˙lalen (abl.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 100be ˙lale
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 83be ˙lali (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97be ˙lali (gen.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 100be ˙lali (gen.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . 100be ˙lalte
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 87, 88be ˙lalu . . . . 83, 86-88, 97, 99, 100be ˙lalu gaen (abl.sg.) . . . . . . . 100be ˙lalu gai (gen.sg.) . . . . . . . . 100be ˙lalu gasa (dat.sg.) . . . . . . . 100be ˙lalusa (dat.sg.) . . . . . . 97, 100be ˙ni (3.sg.pret.) . . . . . . 256, 258be ˙num ma (vb.n. + conj.) . . . 258be ˙num (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . 258/be ˙nun/ (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . 258berasfati . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 43bere . . . . . . . . . . 66, 83, 88, 145berete
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88bere
c(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 83
bebe . . . . . . . . . . 22, 67, 87, 136bebemen (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87behe . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 64, 83be ˙nun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 262besveria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47bevvigen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . 261binde (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214bindevun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . 237bindi (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 214bindıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . 235bindun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237bihi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32billuri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42/bim/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 96bime (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 96bin (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 204binna (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 181binnaha (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 181binnaı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204, 235binn¯ahinin (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . 181/bis/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32biun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . . . 237bı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . . 207bıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . 235bıri . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 66, 102bon ˙danu (obl.sg.) . . . . . . . . . 252bon ˙danu-a (obl.sg. + conj.) . . 249bon ˙da . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84, 87bon ˙daen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
246 Indexes
bon ˙dae
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 84bon ˙dai (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84bon ˙damen (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 87bon ˙dasa (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 84bon ˙do . 18, 31, 47, 102, 106, 149/bok/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 87bokamen (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 87bokkora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 47/bok-tek/ (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87bol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 64boli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84, 98, 99boliaha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . 98, 99bolie (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99bolien (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99bolie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 84botte
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87bo
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 87bo (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 215bo (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215bokiba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47buda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63budaen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63buddi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 104buddiveri . . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 104buma . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 83, 98bumaen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . 63, 98bumae
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 83da . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49daddo ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43dan ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43dagan ˙do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49dagonaha (inf.) . . . . . . . 181, 203dagonaı . . . . . . . . . . . . 213, 235dagonahinin (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . 181dagon¯a (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . 181dahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105dak- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44dakkanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43dakonaha (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . 181dakonaı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236dakonaı (part.pres.l.f.) . . . . . . . 44dakon¯a (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . 181dakunahinin (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . 181/dam/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49dan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49daro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54daroma ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . 54, 256dasaha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49/dasas/ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 194dasi (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49dasun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49/dat/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 43datta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 46da
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25dagi (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 213daki (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 213daraha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99dare
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 84dari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84, 86, 99
dari aten (abl.) . . . . . . . . . 98, 99darige (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99darun aten (abl.pl.) . . . . . . 98, 99darun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 86, 99darunge (gen.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 99darunna
c
(dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 99de . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 109, 124de has . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121de mıhun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124dea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 63, 97deaen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63deasa (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97de ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28/de-ek/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109dege (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213degıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . 235degun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237deha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110dehae
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110deke (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213dekkıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . 236deku ˙nu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 65den (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 250dene (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . 207, 214dene hısı (abs. + part.pret.l.f.) 207deni (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 214denı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205dennaı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207, 236dennahinin (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . . 181denn¯a (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 181dennen-ı (part.fut.l.f.) . . . . . . 258dera ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27dere (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215derefe (abs.I) . . . . . . . . . . . . 256devana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123deverin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124degı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . 203delaha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98delen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98deli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98deneti (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255deti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124de
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109dida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 83didaen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63didae
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 83digi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 102din (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 205dinıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 235dinun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . . 237divanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 202divehi 32, 40, 47, 62, 85, 86, 131divesse
c
(nom.sg.indef.) 40, 47, 85divessun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86divi (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 202dıfa (abs.I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256dı ˙naha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98dı ˙ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 35, 98doe (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 214
doıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 235do ˙los . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122do ˙los de
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122do ˙los tine
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122domveli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36don . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 102donkel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36donnaha (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . 181donna (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 181donnahinin (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . . 181donnaı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235doraha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34dorei (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97dore
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 83doro . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 83, 97/dot/ (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 206dovefe (abs.I) . . . . . . . . . . . . 214dovun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237do
c
(part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 206doi (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214do ˙ni . . . . . . . . 20, 27, 35, 43, 98do ˙niha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98dotı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . 206duisatta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121/dum/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 96dume (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96dun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 96duru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102, 158duvaha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158duvanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43/duvas-aku/ (obl.sg.indef.) . . . 160duvvanı (caus.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-e (3.sg.pres.ending) . . . . . . . 214-e (abs.ending) . . . . . . . . 212-214e (dem.pron.) . 139, 146, 147, 150,
151-e (gen.ending) . . . . . . . . . 55, 96-e (loc.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . . 56e mıhun (pers.pron.obl.pl.)140, 141,
143e mıhunge (pers.pron.gen.pl.) 143,
144e mıhunna
c
(pers.pron.dat.pl.) . 143e mıhu (pers.pron.nom.pl.)140, 141,
143e (pers.pron.nom.) . . . . 141, 142ea (pers.pron.obl.) . 136, 139, 141,
142, 149eage faraten (pers.pron.abl.) . . 142eage (pers.pron.gen.) . . . 142, 144eai (pers.pron.gen.) . . . . . . . . 142easa (pers.pron.dat.) . . . . . . . 142eba-gem (prev. + vb.n.obl.) . . 148ende . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 83ende (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213ede (pers.pron.nom.) 139, 141, 142ende
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 83endıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . 235edun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . . 236
247Word forms: Fua
c
Mulaku
endun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237eduru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 88edurunte
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 88egara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111, 122engıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . 236engun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 236ehai (adv.) . . . . . . . 27, 151, 162ehe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83ehen (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151ehe
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 83-ei (gen.ending) . . . . . 55, 96, 97-ei (loc.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . . 56ejjun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43/ek/ . . . . . . . . . . . . 108, 109, 161/-ek/ (indef.suff.) . . . 70, 82, 153,
163ekaku enekakusa (recip.pron.) 152/ek-aku/ (obl.sg.indef.) . . . . . 152ekavıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114/ek-ek/ . . . . . . . . . . . . 108, 109eke
c
. . . . . . . 108, 109, 155, 158ekı (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249ekı (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 249/ek-me/ (pron.adj.) . . . . . . 42, 46/ek-men/ (pron.adj.pl.) . . . 46, 161ekuni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122ekunifanas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122ekunifassihi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122ekunitindo ˙los . . . . . . . . . . . . 122/ek-vana/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123/em/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46-ema (1.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . 177ema (1.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 180emma ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256emme maun . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161emme (pron.adj.) 42, 46, 107, 160,
161emme rieti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161emmen ekı (pron.adj.pl.) . . . . 162emmen (pron.adj.pl.) 46, 161, 162en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 261-en (1.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . 177en (1.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 180-en (3.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . 177-en (abl.ending) . . . . . 59, 62, 98en (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 255-ena (3.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . 177/en-ek/ (pron.adj.) . . . . . . . . . 163ene
c
(pron.adj.) . . . . 48, 152, 163-enin (1.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . 177enı 207, 215, 231, 235, 238, 243,
247enı (part.pres.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . 180ennen (2.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . . . . 247ennen (3.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . . . . 235ennen (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 236erıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 235erıge (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . . 229esfia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
esfiae
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 83esna ˙le
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 84esna ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84esa
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . . 82ese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 46, 82eti . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 75, 124, 155/eti-ek/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 164/eti-eti/ (distr.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 75etta (3.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 180ettaha (dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39ette (gen.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39etten (abl.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39etteti (distr.pl.) . . . . . 39, 75, 155ette
c
ne
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164ette
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 39eu (pers.pron.obl.) 139, 141, 142,
149euge faraten (pers.pron.abl.) . . 142euge (pers.pron.gen.) . . . 142, 144eusa (pers.pron.dat.) . . . . . . . 142eve (quot.partc.) . . . . . . . . . . 248evvana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123evvias (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-eyye (2.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . 177eyye (2.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 180e
c
. . . . . . . . . 108, 109, 123, 161e
c
has . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121-e
c
(indef.suff.) . . . 70, 82-84, 163-¯e (1.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 177-e (2.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 177e (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 180¯e (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 180¯e (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . 254, 255-eva (2.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . 177eva (2.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 180fahasa (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97fahaveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86-88fahaveriamen (pl.) . . . . . . 87, 88fahaverite
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 88fahaverun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . 86-88faha . . . . . . . 23, 32, 86, 97, 109fahaverin . . . . . . . . . . . . 86, 124fahena (cond.conj.) . . . . . . . . 239fahe
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109fah¯e (cond.conj.) 23, 48, 239, 248faitela . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 83, 88faitelaen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 63faitelae
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 83faitelate
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88faivan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 83faivane
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 83fakıri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 103fa ˙lo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 67fanara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112fanas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123fani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 35fanima ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256fansavıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115fansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
faraten (abl.) . . . . . . . 61, 62, 98faro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88farobada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63farobadaen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . 63farote
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88/fas/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32fasdo ˙los . . . . . . . . . . . . 116, 123fasdo ˙los de
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 123fasdo ˙los eke
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . 123fasdo ˙los eko ˙los . . . . . . . . . . 123fasdo ˙los nuvae
c
. . . . . . . . . . 123fasdo ˙los tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117fasdo ˙los tine
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . 117/fas-ek/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109fassateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121fassihi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122, 123fassihi de
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122fassihi eke
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 122fasa- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . . . . 26fasanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26/fat/ . . . . . . . . 25, 64, 67, 83, 88fatanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26fate
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 83fatte
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88faure
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 83fauru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 83fa
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 64, 83, 88fa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 42, 68fadigimaku ˙du . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65faga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 83fagaen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63fagae
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 83faheti . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123, 124fale
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 85fali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84, 109f¯a ˙ne
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 85f¯a ˙ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 35, 85fen ˙daga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31fehi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105fehuressei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87fehuresseite
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 87fehuressey(y)amen (pl.) . . . . . . 87fen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25fenei (gen./loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . 56fenen (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 248fenenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248fe ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 63fe ˙naen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63fera ˙da . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27fesenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26fesi- (pret.stem) . . . . . . . . . . . 26fetenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-fe (abs. ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 27feru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66fesak-ai (nom.sg.indef. + quot.
partc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148fese
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 85fesi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 85fia . . . . . . . . . 47, 63, 88, 97, 98
248 Indexes
fiaen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 98fiate
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88fia ˙lo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65fiasa (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97findanu-a (obl.sg. + conj.) . . . 249fino ˙lo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 132fiohi . . . . . . . . . . 47, 85, 98, 99fiossaha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . 98, 99fiosse (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99fiossen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99fiosse
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . 47, 85firi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86, 132firihen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157firihen geri . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158firihen kudda . . . . . . . . . . . . 157firihen mıha . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157firin (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86fıse (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34fıse
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 85fısi . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 41, 85, 132foda
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 82fode
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 82fodo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65/fot/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 25, 64fo
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 25, 64/fuak/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 96fuaki (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96fua
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 96fulla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97fullasa (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97fuppa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41fuppamei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41furai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27fu ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 65gada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105gada fehi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105gan ˙de
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 83ga ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84ga ˙die
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 84gan ˙do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 83gai . . . . . . . . . 24, 57, 67, 98, 99/gal/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43gal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 24, 64gali (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25gamıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32gannaha (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . 181gannaı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205, 235ganna (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 181gannahinin (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . . 181/gat/ (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 205ga
c
(part.pret.) . . . . . . . 205, 256gatı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . 205g¯ani (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 213-ge (gen.ending) . . . . . 61, 62, 98gehasa (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97gehe . . . . . . . . 32, 64, 83, 88, 97gehe
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 83/ges/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 88ges-gehun (distr.pl.) . . . . . . . 160
geste
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88ge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 67ge (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 207gen ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 62geı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . 147, 207gina (pron.adj.) . . . . . . . . . . 162gine (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . 213, 229ginevıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . 235ginevun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . 237giun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . 237, 238gıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . 236goho (abs.) . . . 32, 148, 214, 257/gos/ (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32/got/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 151/got-as/ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 151go
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 151guguru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66guima ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256-gu ˙na (num.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 125gurai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27gu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68ha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109had¯a (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 149haddeha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117haddo ˙los . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123hande
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 83handi (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96hando . . . . . . . 31, 32, 65, 83, 96/ha-ek/. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109hae
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109hafta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97haftasa (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97hai (pron.adj.) . 27, 151, 157, 162hajjaha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 247hakuru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65harakatteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104/harakat-veri/ . . . . . . . . . . . . 104hasada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104hasadaveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104hasateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121hassateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121/hat/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 124/hatar-ek/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109hatare
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109hataro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109hatarosateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121hatavıs . . . . . . . . . . . . 115, 116/hat-diha/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117/hat-do ˙los/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123hate
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109hattari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117haturu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66ha ˙t ˙ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117haul . . . . 22-24, 32, 64, 112, 247haulakk-a (obl.sg.indef. +
conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 82, 250haul-au (nom.sg. + quot.partc.) 247haule (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24haule
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 82
haulu (obl.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . 257haulu-a (obl.sg. + conj.) . . . . 250havıri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66havverin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124ha
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 124-ha (dat.ending) . . 57, 58, 62, 98has . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121h¯a (aff.partc.) . . . . . . . . . 23, 250hedı (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255hedı (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 148hendune
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 83hendunu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 83hela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 63helaen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63hema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 102hen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151, 157he ˙nahiri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28he ˙ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 66, 88he ˙nete
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88he ˙nihiri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66heras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27heye (quest.partc.) . . . . . . . . 256hia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121-123hia do ˙los . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123hia ˙lo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 65, 83hia ˙le
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 83hiki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 102himare (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96himare
c(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 83
himaro . . . . . . . . 47, 65, 83, 96hinnaha (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 181hinnahinin (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . 181hinnaı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 235hinn¯a (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 181hippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41hise (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 214hise (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205hisevıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . 235hisevun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . 237/hit/ . . . . . . . . . . . . 83, 88, 161/hitas/ (dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . 161hita
c
(dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 161hite
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 83hitte
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88hi
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83, 88, 161hısi (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 256hısin (1.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 243hısı hai (indef.pron.) . . . . . . . 162hısı (part.pret.l.f.) 34, 44, 203, 207homa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63homaen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63huanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235huanna (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 255hudu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 105huıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 235hukuru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65hu ˙lango . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102hun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46hu ˙nu . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 65, 102
249Word forms: Fua
c
Mulaku
huturu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 102hu ˙t ˙tanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44hu ˙t ˙tenı (caus.intr.) . . . . . . . . . 44huvandei (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . 97huvando . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 97huha (dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 195huhi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 195-i (3.sg.pres.ending) . . . 168, 213-i (abs.ending) . . . . . . . 212, 237-i (gen.ending) . . . . . . 55, 96, 97-i (loc.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . . 56-i (part.pret.suff.) . . . . . 202, 203inde (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 214inde (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214indevıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . 235indevun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . 237indoli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 88indolite
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88-ie (2.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 168ifa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83ifae
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 83ingili . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 88ingilite
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88ingiri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 66ihal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83, 88ihale
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 83ihalte
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88ihanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235ihıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 235iki ges-gehun . . . . . . . . . . . . 160iki (indef.pron.) . . . . . . . . . . 160iki mıs-mıhun . . . . . . . . . . . 160ila . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83ilae
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 83-in (1.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 175-in-∅ (3.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . 177in (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 204-in (plur.suff.) . . . . . 71, 86, 155-inin (1.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . 177-inma (1.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . 177-inna (3.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . 177innaha (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181innaı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204, 235innahinin (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . 181inn¯a (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 181-inne (2.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . 177-inva (2.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . 177iri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66irınde (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214irındi (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 214irındıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . 235irındun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237irın (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 205irın- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . . . 173irınnaha (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 181irınnaı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205, 235irınna (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 181irınnahinin (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . . 181issasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 88
issasite
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88itiraha (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 106itiri (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106iyye (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-ı (foc.marker) . 73, 251-253, 260ıha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195ıhamen (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87ıhe
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . . 85ıhi . . . . . 21, 46, 62, 85, 87, 195ıhite
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87ı ˙te
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . . 83ı ˙tu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 65, 83-ıyye (2.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . 175jambe
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 83jambu . . . . . . . . . 60, 65, 83, 88jamburozu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65jambute
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88jaha- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . . . . 26jahanı . . . . . . 26, 32, 40, 43, 227jahagen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . . 227jahan (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . . . 227jangali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98jangaliaha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . 98jangaliha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 98jassanı (caus.) . . . . . . . . . 40, 43javvu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65jadu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67jehenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26jehi- (pret.stem) . . . . . . . . . . . 26jehı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . 257jehun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . . 236joli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 88, 98joliaha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98jolite
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88kamburu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31kandul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83kandule
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 83kaduraha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 98kadurei (gen.) . . . . . . . . . 97, 98kaduren (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 98kadure
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 83kaduru . . . . . . 65, 83, 88, 97, 98kadurute
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 88kan ˙danı . . . . . . . . . . . . 235, 252kafa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 87, 88kafaen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63kahala (pron.adj.) . . . . . . . . . 154kahumbe
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . 83kahumbu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 83kahumbute
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 87kaise (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24kaisi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 34, 88kaisite
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88kaki ˙damen (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 87kaki ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87kaki ˙dite
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87kakkanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44kakkagen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . 149kakul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
kakulte
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88/kal/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255kal (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . 254, 255kal- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157kalamidi- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . 39ka ˙lo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105/kam/ . . . . . . 46, 83, 88, 96, 255kame
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . 83, 88kami (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96kan . . . . . . . . 46, 83, 88, 96, 255/kan/ ‘corner’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88kan ‘corner’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88kan (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255kane
c
(nom.sg.indef.) ‘corner’ . 88kante
c
(nom.pl.) ‘corner’ . . . . . 88kan-te
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88ka ˙n ˙naha (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . 181ka ˙n ˙naı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203, 235ka ˙n ˙n¯a (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 181ka ˙n ˙n¯ahinin (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . . 181kara . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 67, 88karaen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63karate
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88kare
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83kari (loc.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 248karo . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 83, 248karu ˙ne
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 83karu ˙nu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83kasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83kasae
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 83kau ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65ka (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 215ka (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215kabafaun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 86kabafaunge faraten (abl.pl.) . . . 98kafage faraten (abl.) . . . . . . . . 98kafamen (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 87, 88kafate
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88kafi (3.sg.pret.I) . . . . . . . . . . 148kafuru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 65kagen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . . . 227kaka ataha (interr.pron.dat.) . . 155kakage faraten (interr.pron.abl.) 155kakage (interr.pron.gen.) . . . . 155kakasa (interr.pron.dat.) . . . . . 155kan (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227ka ˙nı (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 213kase
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 85kasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85, 88kasite
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88k¯asi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23ke ˙dakun (abl.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 59ke ˙de . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 59, 66ken ˙dı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . 252ken ˙dıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . 235kehuru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66kei (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . 258, 259kekenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44/kel/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
250 Indexes
kelai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27ke ˙la (part.pret.) . . . . . . . 36, 208ke ˙laı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . 208ke ˙lenaha (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . 181ke ˙lenaı . . . . . . . . . . . . 203, 235ke ˙lena (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 181ke ˙lenahinin (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . . 181ke ˙leun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237ke ˙ne (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . 213, 214ke ˙nıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . 235ke ˙nun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237kerandul huhi . . . . . . . . . 34, 195keranı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208, 236keranna (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 195keu ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66ke (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185ke (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 208kefe (abs.I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227keı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . 208kel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83, 88kele
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 83kelte
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88ke ˙li (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 214ke ˙lı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . 203kenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227k¯e ˙nı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . 203keye (interr.pron.nom.) . 153, 155ki- (interr.pron.stem) 152, 156-158kihai (interr.pron.) . 27, 157, 162kihai varakaha (interr.pron.dat.) 158/ki-hin-ak/ (interr.pron.) . . . . . 158kihinake (interr.pron.) . . . . . . 158kihina
c
(interr.pron.) . . . . . . . 158kihinne (interr.pron.) . . . 147, 158ki ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 35, 66kiri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66kitaka
c
duvaha (interr.pron.) . . 158kite
c
duvaha (interr.pron.) . . . 158kite
c
(interr.pron.) . . . . . . . . . 158kiun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . . . 237kıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . 235kıha . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 47, 84kıhaen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84kıhae
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . 47, 84kıhai (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84kıhasa (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84kombaiken- (interr.pron.stem) 155kombaikenge faraten (interr.
pron.abl.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 155kombaikenge (interr.pron.gen.
pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155kombaikenna
c
(interr.pron.dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
kombaikea (interr.pron.nom.pl.) 155koba (interr.pron.) . . . . . . . . 156kondo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65kokko . . . . 22, 42, 67, 84, 87, 97kokkoe
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 84kokkomen (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
kokkosa (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 97kol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22ko ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84ko ˙lie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 84kommi duvahaku (indef.pron.) 160kommi ette
c
(indef.pron.) . . . . 160kommi (indef.pron.) . . . . . . . 160kommias etta
c
(indef.pron.) . . 160kommias mıhaku (indef.pron.
obl.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160kommias mıhe
c
(indef.pron.) . 160kon etteti tekakaha (interr.pron.
dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155kon etteti tekakun (interr.pron.
abl.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155kon etteti tekeke
c
(interr.pron.nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . 155, 158
kon etteti tekeki (interr.pron.gen.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
kon (interr.pron.) . . 152-157, 159kon kahala (interr.pron.) . . . . 154konirakun (interr.pron.abl.) . . 157konkalakaha (interr.pron.dat.) . 157konkalaki (interr.pron.loc.) . . . 157konkalakun (interr.pron.abl.) . 157/kon-me/ (indef.pron.) . . . . . . 161konnanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213kontanakaha (interr.pron.dat.) . 156kontanakun (interr.pron.abl.) . 156kontanekaha (interr.pron.dat.) . 156/kon-tan-ek-i/ (interr.pron.loc.) 156kontaneki (interr.pron.loc.) . . . 156kontanekun (interr.pron.abl.) . 156kontantanakaha (interr.pron.dat.
pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156kontantanakun (interr.pron.abl.
pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156kontantanekaha (interr.pron.dat.
pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156/kon-tan-tan-ek-i/ (interr.pron.
loc.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156kontantaneki (interr.pron.loc.
pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75, 156kontantanekun (interr.pron.abl.
pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156kontakaha (interr.pron.dat.) . 151,
155, 156/kos/ (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255kosanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41kosarei (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97kosare
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 83kosaro . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 83, 97kosi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41kota ˙lo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65ko (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . 215, 255kontakun (interr.pron.abl.) 59, 155konteke
c
(interr.pron.indef.) . . 153konteke
c
(interr.pron.nom.) 153-155konteki (interr.pron.gen.) . . . . 155
kubusma ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256kudd¯a . . 23, 39, 85, 86, 149, 163kudd¯a aten (abl.sg.) . . . . . . . . 85kudd¯age (gen.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 85kudd¯asa (dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 85kudi- (stem) . . . . . . . 39, 85, 163kudu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163kuku ˙lakk-a (obl.sg.indef. +
conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250kuku ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35kuku ˙lu-a (obl.sg. + conj.) . . . 250kula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105kuma
c
(interr.pron.) . . . . . . . . 159kuma
c
vegen (interr.pron.) . . . 159ku ˙ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35kuruba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 63kurubaen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 63kudaku (obl.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 248kude
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 85kudun aten (abl.pl.) . . . . . . . . . 85kudun (pl.) . . . . . . . 85, 86, 163kudunge (gen.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 85kudunna
c
(dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 85labanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48laban (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . . . . 48labba (aff.partc.) . . . . . . . . . . . 42lado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105lanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227lappanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 225la
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44lagen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . . . 227lan (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227lei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27lenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22libenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248limboi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82limboya
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 82libunu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 248liennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . 235lik- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82lika
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 82likı (nom.sg. + foc.marker) . 148,
149liun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . 236, 237lol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 88lote
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88ma (pers.pron.obl.) . . . . 129, 141mado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65mado fehi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105mado (pron.adj.) . . . . . . 105, 163madun (pron.adj.abl.) . . . . . . 163ma ˙da . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83ma ˙dae
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 83ma ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84ma ˙die
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 84ma ˙do . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103, 163mage faraten (pers.pron.abl.) . 141mage (pers.pron.gen.) . . 141, 144maha . . 18, 32, 54, 83, 96-98, 261
251Word forms: Fua
c
Mulaku
mahasa (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . 97, 98mahen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . 59, 98mahe
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 83mahi (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . 96, 98mal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 24, 96mali (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 96mamma . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 48, 99mammage faraten (abl.) . . . . . . 99mammage (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . 99mammamen (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 99mammamenge faraten (abl.pl.) . 99mammamenge (gen.pl.) . . . . . . 99mammamenna
c
(dat.pl.) . . . . . . 99mammasa (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . 99-ma ˙na (dim.suff.) . . . . . . 54, 256/mas/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 43, 54masma ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . 54, 256massare
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 83massaro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 83masveria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86masverun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 86masa (pers.pron.dat.) 141, 228, 236masafe (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 256mati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 39mattaha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . 34, 39matte (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39maun bafaun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 86maun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86-ma (1.pl.ending) . . . . . 168, 175ma (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106ma (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . 255, 258ma (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148madaha (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23mamui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24mavahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98mavahiaha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . 98-me (emph.partc.) . . . . . . . . . 161mede . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 50, 66mei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41mela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 63melaen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63-men (plur.suff.) 70, 71, 86, 87, 99,
134, 161mendiri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66meha
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . 40, 195mehamen (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 87mehe (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40mehe
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . 40, 85mehi 21, 25, 32, 40, 47, 62, 85, 87,
195mehite
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87meliage dia (p.n.nom.) . . . . . 251mere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 66, 83mere
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 83mi (dem.pron.) 139, 146-151, 161,
227mi gotaha (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . 151mi mıhun (pers.pron.pl.) . . . . 162mia (pers.pron.f.) . . . . . 139, 149
midalusa (dat.sg.) . . . . . . 97, 100mihen (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 151mirihi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64misi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26mitura
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 82mituru . . . . . . 66, 82, 86, 97, 103miturun (nom.pl.) . . . . . . . 47, 86miturusa (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 97miu (pers.pron.m.) . . . . 139, 149mı (dem.pron. + foc.marker) . 148mıdal . . . . . . . . . 86, 87, 97, 99mıdal (pl.) . . . . . . . . 86, 97, 100mıdalaha (dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . 100mıdalamen (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 87mıdalen (abl.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 100mıdalen (abl.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 100mıdale
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . 82, 83mıdali (gen.pl.) . . . . . . . 97, 100mıdali (gen.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 100mıdalu . . 83, 86, 87, 97, 99, 100mıdalu gaen (abl.sg.) . . . . . . 100mıdalu gai (gen.sg.) . . . . . . . 100mıdalu gasa (dat.sg.) . . . . . . . 100mıdalu-a (obl.sg. + conj.) . . . 250mıdelakk-a (obl.sg.indef. +
conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 82, 250mıdele
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 82mıha
c
ne
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164mıha . . . . . . . . 48, 73, 85, 86, 97mıhage (gen.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 61mıhakuı (obl.sg.indef. + foc.
marker) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73mıhasa (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97mıhun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 86, 134mıhunge aten (abl.pl.) . . . . . . . 61mıhunge faraten (abl.pl.) . . . . . 61mıhunge (gen.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 61mıs- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134/mıs-ak/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 164/mıs-ek/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 160mıs-mıhun (distr.pl.) . . . . . . . 160mun ˙du . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65mugu . . . . . . . . . . 65, 102, 105mul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22mulehi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85mulesse
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 85mu ˙li (pron.adj.) . . . . . . . . . . 107mussandi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42musi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105mu ˙naha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98mu ˙ne (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . 96, 98mu ˙nen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98mu ˙ne
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 83mu ˙nu . . . . . . . . . 65, 83, 96, 98musun . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 47, 64m¯ude
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 85m¯udi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 85-n (1.sg.ending) . . . . . . 168, 175naise (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
naisi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24/nakat/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25naka
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25nam (cond.conj.) . . . . . . . . . 241nannigaten (abl.pl.) . . . . . . . . 100nannigati (pl.) . . . . . . . . 99, 100nannigattaha (dat.pl.) . . . . . . 100nannigatte (gen.pl.) . . . . . . . . 100nannigattu . . . . . . . . . . . 99, 100nannigattu gaen (abl.sg.) . . . . 100nannigattu gai (gen.sg.) . . . . . 100nannigattu gasa (dat.sg.) . . . . 100na ˙ne (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96na ˙ne
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 83na ˙no . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 83, 96navai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117navara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114-116navavıs . . . . . . . . . . . . 115, 116na ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 47nare
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 83naringu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66naro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 83nera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 83nerae
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 83/net/ (3.sg.pres.neg.) . . . . . . . 261ne
c
(3.sg.pres.neg.) . . . . . . . . 261netı (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261ni belıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.
neg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232ni (neg.partc.) 45, 145, 184, 250,
260, 261ni tem˛ıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.
neg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232ni vendevıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.
neg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232niaduru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 65nidanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 235nid¯a (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 23nidıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 235nidun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . . 236nikkuri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42nil . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 22, 105nimenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212nimı (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212nimıge (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . 228nimun (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 209/nit-kuri/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42nu (neg.partc.) . . . . . . . . . . . 145nukume (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . 214nukumege (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . 228nukumevıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) 235nukumevun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . 237nukume (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . 214nukunnaha (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . 181nukunnaı . . . . . . . . . . . 205, 235nukunna (part.pres.) . . . . . . . 181nukunnahinin (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . 181/nukut/ (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 205nuku
c
(part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 205
252 Indexes
nukutı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . 205nun (neg.partc.) 23, 145, 248, 250,
260, 261nuva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110, 116nuvadeha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117/nuva-ek/. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110nuvae
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110nuvasateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121ohibada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 83ohibadaen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 63ohibadae
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 83oi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 68onnaha (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 181onnahinin (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . 181o ˙ne
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 83o ˙no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 83/ot/ (part.pret.) 181, 205, 248, 256ove (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 214ove (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214ovıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 235ovun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . . 237o
c
(part.pret.) . . . . . 181, 205, 256ogaveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104olanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235olıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 235otı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . 205, 227rad-raso (distr.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 75radun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86ranga ˙lo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102raggal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43rahumatteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86rahumatterun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 86ra ˙lo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54ra ˙loma ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . 54, 256ra ˙loma ˙nak-ai (obl.sg.indef. +
conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258rammaha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43ran (obl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148raskalun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86/ras/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132rase
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 83raso . . . . . . . 18, 64, 75, 83, 132/ras-ras/ (distr.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 75/rat/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 105/rat-gal/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43/rat-mas/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43ra ˙t ˙tehi . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 85, 86ra ˙t ˙tesse
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 85ra ˙t ˙tessun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86ra
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105ra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21radde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39reha . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 63, 149rehaen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63rehi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87rehiamen (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 87rehite
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87rei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 67, 68rekenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 235
rekevıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . 235rek¯e (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 23rieti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105, 161riha (dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 195rihenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44rihi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195riveti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105, 161rındul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105[rud] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48/ruk/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147rukaha (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 147ru
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 147sabbıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115sahunaha (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . 181sahuna (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . 181sahunahinin (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . . 181sahunaı . . . . . . . . . . . . 203, 235sai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 25, 68sa ˙lıs de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117sa ˙lıs de
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117satara . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113, 114sateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121satekavana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123satta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121sauda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112sauvıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115safu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47sahi (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 213salıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116sa ˙lıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116sehe (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213sehıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 235sehun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . . 237sehı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . 203si ˙tı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33so ˙la . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112, 113-t (part.pret.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 205ta (pers.pron.obl.) . 133, 134, 141,
147tafatu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161tafatuge (gen.sg.) . . . . . . . . . 161tafinna
c
(pers.pron.dat.pl.) . . . 143tage faraten (pers.pron.abl.) . . 141tage (pers.pron.gen.) . . . 141, 144tai (quest.partc.) . 147, 151, 247, 2
48, 255, 258, 259tan . . . . . . . . . . . . 75, 151, 156tan-tan (distr.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 156tari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62, 84/tari-ek/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 47tarien (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 59, 62tarie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 47, 84tasbıha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248tasa (pers.pron.dat.) . . . 141, 248tayyaro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42takaha (dat.sg.indef.) . . . 151, 261tamen (pers.pron.pl.) 134, 141, 143tamenge (pers.pron.gen.pl.) . 143,
144
tamenna
c
(pers.pron.dat.pl.) . . 143tarıx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45tase
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 85tasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85taza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 103tedeveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104/-tek/ (plur.suff.) . . . . . 71, 87, 99/tek/ (pron.adj.) . . . . . . 155, 158/tel/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25tel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 64tela . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 43, 82, 99telaen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99telai (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99tela
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 82telasa (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99teme- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . . 168temema (1.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . 184temema (1.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . 174temen (1.sg.pres.) . . . . . 168, 174temenı . . . 23, 166, 168, 174, 175,
209, 227, 228, 235temen˛ı (part.pres.l.f.) . . . 168, 199temenna (inf.) . . . . . . . 168, 195temenna (1.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . 177temennen (3.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . 177temennen (part.fut.) . . . 168, 199temennena (3.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . 177temennenı (part.fut.l.f.) . 168, 199temenneye (2.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . 177temenn¯e (1.sg.fut.) . . . . 168, 177temenne (2.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . . 177temenneva (2.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . 177temetta (3.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . 174temeyye (2.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . 174tem¯e (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 174tem¯e (part.pres.) . . . . . . 168, 199tem¯eva (2.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . 174temı gan (2.sg.impv.III) . 168, 227temı gatin (1.sg.pret.III) . . . . 227temıge (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . 228temıgen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . . 227temılai (abs.II) . . . . . . . . . . . 227tem˛ı (abs.) . . . . 23, 168, 212, 215tem˛ı tem˛ı (red.abs.) . . . . . . . . 215tem˛ıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) 232, 235tem˛ıfe (abs.I) . . . . . . . . . . . . 227temumma (1.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . 176temun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 236temun (part.pret.) . 168, 175, 199,
209temun- (pret.stem) . . . . . . . . 168temun (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . 168, 196temunin (1.sg.pret.) . . . . 168, 176temunna (3.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . 176temunne (2.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . 176tem¯u (3.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 176tem¯unı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . 168, 199tem¯uva (2.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . 176terein (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
253Word forms: Fua
c
Mulaku
teu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25-te
c
(plur.suff.) 71, 87, 88, 99, 163te ˙len (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62te ˙le
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 84te ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 35, 62, 84tera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111tevıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115ti (dem.pron.) . . . . 134, 146, 147,
149-151, 161ti mıhun (pers.pron.obl.pl.)134, 141,
143ti mıhunge (pers.pron.gen.pl.) 143,
144ti mıhunna
c
(pers.pron.dat.pl.) 143ti mıhu (pers.pron.nom.pl.)134, 141,
143tia (pers.pron.obl.) . . . . 149, 150tibenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242tibi (part.pret.) . . . . . . . 162, 261tibima (1.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 243tiki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47tima (pron.) 48, 133, 145, 146, 161timage (pron.gen.) . . . . 144, 146timage feraten (pron.abl.) . . . 146timai (pron. + conj.) . . . . . . . 247timamen (pron.pl.) . . . . . . . . 146timamenge (pron.gen.pl.) 144, 146timamenge feraten (pron.abl.
pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146timamenna
c
(pron.dat.) . . . . . 146timasa (pron.dat.) . . . . . . . . . 146tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108, 109tin has . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121tindo ˙los . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122tindo ˙los eke
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . 122/tin-ek/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109tineti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124tine
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108, 109tinsateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121tinvana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123tirıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116tirıs de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117tirıs de
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117tirıs eke
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117tirıs e
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117tirıs nuva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117tirıs nuvae
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117tiu (pers.pron.obl.) . . . . 149, 150tiusa (pers.pron.dat.) . . . . . . . 149tı ˙ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66tır . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46to (pers.pron.nom.) . . . . 133, 141-tta (3.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 168udagu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31uddan ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42udihıfe (abs.I) . . . . . . . . . . . 257u ˙du . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 65ufaveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 104ungu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
uhu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32uhu (neg.partc.) . . . 23, 250, 260/uk-dan ˙di/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42uku ˙nu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35-un (abl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 59-un (plur.suff.) 71, 86, 87, 130, 155-un (vb.n.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . 196u ˙na- (num.elem.) . . . . . . . . . 114u ˙naahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120u ˙nafansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120u ˙nahattari . . . . . . . . . . 114, 120u ˙naha ˙t ˙ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120u ˙nasa ˙lıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120u ˙nasatta . . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 120u ˙natirıs . . . . . . . . . . . . 115, 120u ˙navai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120u ˙navihi . . . . . . . . . . . . 113, 120/us/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32uturu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65uxtu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66-u (2.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 177uru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 65uterima ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256-va (2.pl.ending) . . . . . . 168, 175-va- (caus.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . 170vand- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . . 167vandi (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . 167, 184vandima (1.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . 184vandima (1.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . 173vandimun (ger.) . . . . . . 167, 197vandin (1.sg.pres.) . . . . 167, 173vanditta (3.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . 173vandiu (2.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . . 184vandivva (2.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . 173vandıyye (2.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . 173va ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86va ˙diun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86va ˙do . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 36, 65vago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227vago jahanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227vagutu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65vaha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103vai . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 68, 103vaigada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103vamma (1.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . 176van (3.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 176van (part.pret.) . . . 167, 175, 199,
205van- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . . . 167van- (pret.stem) . . . . . . . . . . 167-vana (ord.suff.) . . . . . . 123, 124vanin (1.sg.pret.) . . . . . 167, 176vanıyye (2.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . 176vanna (3.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 176vannaha (inf.) 167, 181, 195, 196vannaı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205, 235vannaı (part.pres.l.f.) 167, 199, 200vannan (1.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . 167vann¯a (part.pres.) . 167, 181, 199,
200vann¯ahimma (1.pl.fut.) . . . . . 177vann¯ahimva (2.pl.fut.) . . . . . . 177vann¯ahin (3.sg.fut.) . . . . 177, 181vann¯ahin (part.fut.) . . . . 167, 199vann¯ahinin (1.sg.fut.) 167, 177, 181vann¯ahinı (part.fut.l.f.) . 167, 199vann¯ahinna (3.pl.fut.) . . . . . . 177vann¯ahinne (2.sg.fut.) . . . . . . 177vann¯ahinye (2.sg.fut.) . . . . . . 181vanun (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . 167, 196vanva (2.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 176varaha (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 106varaha gina (adv.) . . . . . . . . . 106varakaha (dat.sg.indef.) . . . . . 158varo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103, 158varogada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103vasgada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103va ˙t ˙tanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26vaul . . . . . . . . . . . 22-24, 87, 88vaulamen (pl.) . . . . . . . . . 87, 88vaule (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24vaulte
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 87, 88vareheduni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47v¯andi (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . 173, 213v¯anı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . 167, 199ve (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 215vende (abs.) . . 167, 212, 213, 215vende vende (red.abs.) . . . . . 215vendefe (abs.I) . . . . . . . . . . . 227vendegen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . 227vendelai (abs.II) . . . . . . . . . . 227vendevıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) 232,
235vendun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237ve ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27vege (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . . 149vegen (abs.III) . . . . . . . 159, 255vegen (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 255/vel/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25vel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22velai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27venı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208, 235-veri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86veri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74, 124-veria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86veria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-verin (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 86, 124vesi- (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206vesi ni ovun (3.sg.pot.pret.neg.) 237vesionnaha (inf.) . . . . . . . . . 181vesionnaı . . . . . . . . 28, 206, 235vesionnahinin (1.sg.fut.) . . . . 181vesionn¯a (part.pres.) . . . . . . . 181/vesiot/ (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 206vesiove (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 214vesiove (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . 214vesiovıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . 235vesiovun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . 237
254 Indexes
vesio
c
(part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 206vesiotı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . 206ve ˙t ˙tenı . . . . . . . 26, 212, 235, 251ve ˙t ˙tevıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . 235ve ˙t ˙tı (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212ve ˙t ˙tıge (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . 251veu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25/vev/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25vevıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) 235, 236vevun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237ve (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . 215, 236v¯e (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 200v¯en ˙devıennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . 235v¯en ˙devun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . 237
v¯en ˙di (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 214v¯en ˙din (1.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 36v¯en ˙dı (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214v¯en ˙dun (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 206v¯en ˙dunin (1.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . 36v¯en ˙d¯unı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . 206vela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 254velai (conj.) . . . . . . . . . 249, 254velai (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . 249, 254veli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36vennen (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . 236v¯e ˙n ˙naha (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . 181v¯e ˙n ˙naı . . . . . . . 36, 206, 230, 235v¯e ˙n ˙n¯a (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 181
v¯e ˙n ˙n¯ahinin (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . . 181verun (nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 74-verun (plur.suff.) . . . . . . 86, 124vidi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131vihi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114vihivana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123vikkanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44vina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63vinaen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63vı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . 161, 208xadima . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 133/-ya/ (3.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . 175-yye (2.sg.ending) . . 168, 175, 177/-yye/ (2.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . 175
Huvadu
-a ˙ta (dat. ending) . . . . . . . . . . 34dora ˙ta (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34enge (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 262fu ˙la (East-H.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34galahu ˙t ˙te (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . 34guake (obl.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 262
hu ˙ti (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 34, 256hu ˙la (West-H.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34kameke (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 262kan (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262kau ˙ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 34matta ˙t (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34ma ˙taifai (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . 256
no ˙ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24nu enge (3.sg.pres.neg.) . . . . . 262/ot/ (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 256ote (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 256ra ˙leke (obl.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 262- ˙t (dat. ending) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Standard Dhivehi (Male)
-∅ (2.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 175-∅ (3.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 175-∅ (3.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 175-a (subst.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . 136abadu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233ambi . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 90, 158⟨abi⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90ambin (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90ambu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31amburanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230ambura (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 230ambura annanı . . . . . . . . . . . 230adabu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104adabuveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104andanı 31, 173, 181, 204, 213, 235,
237anda (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 213anda (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213adi (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250adi-ves (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . 250a ˙d ˙diha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117a ˙d ˙du (top.) . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 131a ˙du . . . . . . . . . 65, 103, 152, 252a ˙dugada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103afuremenge (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . 33anga . . . . . . 59, 63, 90, 101, 103anga gada mitura . . . . . . . . . 103anga ma ˙du mitura . . . . . . . . . 103angae
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 90⟨angaigai⟩ (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . 101
⟨angaige⟩ (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . 101angain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . 59, 63angain (abl.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 101angaga (loc.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 101angage (gen.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 101angara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63angarain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 63anga
c
(dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . 101agu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103agu huri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103ahanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148-150/ahannas/ (pers.pron.dat.) 233, 238,
248ahanna
c
(pers.pron.dat.) . 228, 233,236, 238, 248
aharemen (pers.pron.pl.) 130, 132,140, 142
aharemena
c
(pers.pron.dat.pl.) . 142aharemenge (pers.pron.gen.pl.) 142,
144aharen (pers.pron.) 34, 61, 129-132,
140, 141, 228, 242aharenge (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . 72aharenge (pers.pron.gen.) 141, 144,
164, 242aharenna
c
(pers.pron.dat.) . . . . 141aharu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 109aharumen (pers.pron.pl.) . . . . 130ahulu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90ahuluveria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
ahuluverin (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 90ahuren (pers.pron.) . . . . 130, 131ai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 46ai (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 207aidan ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43ais (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215aitila . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63[aitila] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 63aı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . 164, 207-ak (indef.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . 72/-ak-as/ (dat.sg.indef.ending) . 101-akı (foc.marker) . . . 72, 73, 149,
252-254-aku (indef.suff.obl.)72, 82, 89, 101,
252/-ak-un/ (abl.sg.indef.ending) . 101akuru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6/al/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22alanasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 48ali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35alifan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33aligada . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 103alı buxairı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45a ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35a ˙lugan ˙dakı (pers.pron. + foc.
marker) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254a ˙lugan ˙da
c
(pers.pron.dat.) . . . . 141a ˙lugan ˙du (pers.pron.)129, 132, 140,
141, 254a ˙lugan ˙du (pers.pron.obl.) . . . . 252
255Word forms: Standard Dhivehi (Male)
a ˙lugan ˙duge (pers.pron.gen.)141, 144a ˙lugan ˙dumen (pers.pron.pl.) . 132,
140, 142a ˙lugan ˙dumena
c
(pers.pron.dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
a ˙lugan ˙dumenge (pers.pron.gen.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 142, 144
a ˙lukan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133amanatteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104/amanat-veri/ . . . . . . . . . . . . 104amilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-an (1.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 177-an (1.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . 177-an (1.sg./pl.ending) . . . . . . . 181-an (inf.ending) 173, 182, 193, 194an (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 204andanı (caus.) . . . . . . . . 31, 204/an-ek/ (pron.adj.) . . . . . . . . . 163/anek-ak-as/ (dat.sg.indef.) . . . 152ane
c
(pron.adj.) . . . . . . . 152, 163anganı (caus.) . . . . . . . . 31, 236anhen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89, 158anhen geri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158anhen mıha . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158anhena (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 89ania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104aniaveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104annanı145, 150, 164, 169, 172, 179,
180, 185, 193, 207, 215,229-231, 235, 236, 238,243-245, 247, 256, 257
annanı (part.pres.l.f.) . . . . . . . 252annase (inf.impv.) . . . . . 185, 194appu ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 54aranı . . . . . . . . . . . 200, 229, 233as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 83assanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232, 233assateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121asseri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42/as/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 117/-as/ (dat.ending) . 57, 58, 62, 100⟨ara⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109asahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120asa ˙lıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118asanavai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120asara . . . . . . . . . . . 113, 114, 116asavıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115, 116/as-ek/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 109ase
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 109asuhaiteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119asuha ˙t ˙ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119asutirıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118asuvanna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119/at/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 43ato ˙lu . . 27, 28, 35, 36, 47, 66, 97,
201, 206ato ˙luveria . . . . . . . . . . . . 74, 89/atpu ˙lu/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54/at-tila/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
attila . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 63attilain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63atun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 60/a ˙t-diha/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117au . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46avas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102/avas/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38avas-avas (distr.pl.) . . . . . . . . . 75ava ˙t ˙teria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38ava
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38avi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103avigada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103a
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 117-a
c
(dat.ending) . . . 57, 58, 62, 100-a
c
(inf.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 173a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 46, 102-a (abs.ending) . . . . . . . 212, 227-a (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249-a (obs.def.suff.) . . . 105, 137, 139ada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20adavegen (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . 233ade (aff.partc.) . . . . . . . . . . . 250adıtta . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 42, 63adıttain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63ahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 117-ai (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . 82, 102/badal-ek/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . 164bande (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213bandevidane (3.sg.pot.pres.) . 232,
233bandevunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . 237bande (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 213bafain (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90bagıca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 88bai . . . . . . . . . . . . 90, 124, 140bai kamun (ger.) . . . . . . . . . . 198bai kanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233baivaru mıhun . . . . . . . . . . . 162baivaru (pron.adj.) . . . . . . . . 162baiveria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90baiverin (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90bakamunu . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 65bakari . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 90, 91bakarie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 90bakarita
c
(nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . 91/bal/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22bala- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . 26, 167balama (1.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . . 183balamu (1.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . 169balamu (2.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . 169balamun (ger.) . . . . . . . 167, 197balan (1.sg.pres.) . . . . . 167, 169balan (inf.) . . . . . . 167, 192, 193balanı 74, 151, 166, 167, 174, 175,
187, 226, 230, 231, 232, 236, 245balanı (part.pres.l.f.) 167, 198, 199bala (2.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . . . . 183bala (2.sg.impv.) 167, 183, 186-188bala (2.sg./pl.impv.) . . . . . . . 261
bala (2.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 169bala (3.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 169bala (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 169bala (abs.) . . . . . . . 167, 211, 215bala bala (red.abs.) . . . . . . . . 215bala (part.pres.) . . . 167, 198, 199balafai (abs.I) . . . . . . . . . . . . 227balafa (abs.I) . . . . . . . . . . . . 227balagen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . . 227balala (abs.II) . . . . . . . . . . . . 190balala dı fanan (abs.II + abs. +
2.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 190balalai (abs.II) . . . . . . . . . . . 227balanan (1.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . . 176balanan (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . 167, 176balane (2.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . . . 176balane (2.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . . . 176balane (3.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . . . 176balane (3.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . . . 176balane (part.fut.) . . . . . . 167, 198balanı (part.fut.l.f.) . . . . 167, 198balanu (1.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . . . 176balanu (2.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . . . 176balas- (inf.stem) . . . . . . . . . . 194balase (inf.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 194balati (2.sg.impv.post.) . . . . . 186bali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103bali ve innanı . . . . . . . . . . . . 230ballavai gannavamu (2.sg.pres.) 249ballavai gannavanı . . . . . . . . 249ba ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65bamia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89ban (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 204bannanı44, 173, 181, 204, 213, 232,
233, 235, 237bappa . . . 41, 46, 48, 90, 91, 102bappae
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 90bappamen (nom.pl.) . . . . 91, 102bappamenga (loc.pl.) . . . . . . . 102bappamenge (gen.pl.) . . . . . . 102bappamenna
c
(dat.pl.) . . . . . . 102bappamenge faratun (abl.pl.) . 102barabara
c
(adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . 58barabaru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58/baru/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106baru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103/bas/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42bas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161bas-bas (distr.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 75basi . . . . . . . . . . 23, 34, 46, 62batteli . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 47, 92batteli-faharu (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 92batteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19bayahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119baya ˙lıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118bayanavai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120⟨ba
c
pa⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91⟨ba
c
teli⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92ba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 102
256 Indexes
ba (quest.partc.) . . . . . . 248, 258bahaiteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119baha ˙t ˙ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119bananı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234bara . . . . . . . . . . . 110, 111, 122barugada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103bava (interr.partc.) . . . . . . . . 164bavanna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118bavıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114bazaru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45baze
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 89bazu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 89beleni (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 74beleni veria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74belenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231beli (2.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 175beli (3.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 175beli (3.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 175beli (part.pret.) . . . 167, 174, 198,
202beli- (pret.stem) . . . . . . . 26, 167belidane (3.sg.pot.pres.) . 232, 236belin (1.sg.pret.) . . . . . . 167, 175belı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . 167, 198belımu (1.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 175belımu (1.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . 231belımu (2.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 175belun (vb.n.) . . . . . 167, 196, 257belunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 236beru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 91beruta
c
(nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 91be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136bebe . . . . . . . . . . 22, 67, 91, 136bebemen (nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . 91befu ˙la (nom.sg.def.) 89, 136, 137befu ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137befu ˙lun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . 137, 147bengu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107bekala (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 89bekale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136/benumek/ (nom.sg.indef.) 61, 262benume
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . 262benun . . . . . . . . . . 46, 104, 262benunteri . . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 104bes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 64, 83besveria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47bindanı . 173, 181, 204, 232, 235,
237binde (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214bindevunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . 237binde (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 214bindidane (3.sg.pot.pres.) 232, 233bindunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . 237/bilet/ (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91biletta
c
(nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 91bile
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91billuri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42/bim/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 26
bin (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 204binnanı . 173, 181, 204, 214, 232,
234, 237bis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 91bista
c
(nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 91bıru . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 66, 102bon ˙danfu ˙le
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . 249bo ˙de
c
(adj.indef.) . . . . . . . . . 262bo ˙du . 18, 31, 47, 65, 92, 102, 138boe (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 215boe (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . 215, 237boi (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 215/bok/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64bokkura . . . . . . . . 42, 47, 79, 92bokkura-faharu (pl.) . . . . . . . . 92/bol/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22boli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90bolie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 90boluga rissanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44bonı . . . . 207, 215, 233-235, 237bovidane (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 233bovunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . 237bo
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64⟨bo
c
kura⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92bo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 64bokiba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47bon (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194bose (inf.impv.) . . . . . . . . . . 194bo ˙tu-faharu (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 92buda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63budain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63buddi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 104buddiveri . . . . . . . . . 53, 74, 104bu ˙d ˙da . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42bui (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 207buı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . 207/bu ˙lal/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97bu ˙lal- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . 88, 89bu ˙lale
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 89bu ˙la . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88, 89, 97buma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63bumain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63bunanı138, 147, 150, 152, 169, 234,
258buna (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 152bunati (2.sg.impv.post.) . . . . . 186bune (abs.) . . . . . . . . . 190, 211bune dı fanan (abs. + abs. + 2.
sg.fut.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190bune (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 186bune (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . 169, 211bunı (part.pres.l.f.) . . . . . . . . 154bunun (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 258burasfati . . . . . . . . . . 33, 37, 43da . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49dambidu (top.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 60dan ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43dagan ˙du . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49dahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
dahiveti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105dai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25daido ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43dakkanı . . . . . . 43, 199, 226, 236dakka (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 199dakkafanan (1.sg.fut.I) . 189, 226dakkala (abs.II) . . . . . . . . . . 188dakkala devva (abs.II + 2.sg.
impv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188dakkala dı bala (abs. + abs. +
2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . . . . . . 188dakkala dı bala (abs.II + abs. +
2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . . . . . . 188dakkanan (1.sg.fut.) . . . 189, 226/dam/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49damanı . . . . . . . . . . . . 184, 227dama (2.sg./pl.impv.) . . . . . . 184damvaru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151dan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49dane (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 214danı . 11, 32, 35, 40, 48, 49, 138,147, 148, 169, 194, 200, 207, 214,
228, 229, 231, 232, 234,236-239, 242-244, 251, 257
danı (part.pres.l.f.) . . . . 151, 242dannanı . . 44, 181, 207, 214, 236⟨danvaru⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151danvaru (obl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 242dappu ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41daranı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200dara (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 200dari . . . . . . . . . . 89, 90, 102, 248darie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 90darifu ˙la (voc.form) . . . . . . . . . 89darifu ˙lu . . . . . . . . . 89, 137, 248darin (nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . 90, 102daringa (loc.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 102daringe faratun (abl.pl.) . . . . . 102daringe (gen.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 102darinna
c
(dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 102/dasas/ (dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 194dasa
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . 49, 194dasuga (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49dasun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49/dat/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 43datta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 46daturu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49dan (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251/danan/ (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . . . . 35dane (3.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . 232, 233-dane (pot.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . 232[da ˙nan] (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . . . . 35dase (inf.impv.) . . . . . . . . . . 194dati (2.sg.impv.post.) . . . . . . 186de . . . . . . . . . . 46, 109, 124, 147de bai ku ˙la e
c
bai . . . . . . . . . 124de faharu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92de has . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121de mıhun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
257Word forms: Standard Dhivehi (Male)
/de-ek/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109de-guna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125dekenı 44, 181, 203, 213, 231, 236,
249deke (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 213deki (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213dekunu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 65demun demun (red.ger.) . . . . 198demun (ger.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 198den (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 250den (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250dene (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214denı 103, 187, 190, 191, 194, 200,
205, 215, 230, 234, 235, 237,242, 245
de-tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125devana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123devunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237devvanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187devva (2.sg.impv.) . . . . 187, 188devvase (inf.impv.) . . . . . . . . 185de (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . . . . . . 186de (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . 103, 200den (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194dese (inf.impv.) . . . . . . . . . . 194deti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124de
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109dia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 63dia (3.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . 239, 251dia (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 207dia-hikkanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44diain (1.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 239diain (1.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 239diain (2.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 239diain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63diaı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . 207dida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63didain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63/dig-ek/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 158dige
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 158digga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42digu . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 102, 158diha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110dihae
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110din (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 205direnı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103dire (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 103divehi5, 32, 38, 40, 47, 62, 90, 131divehi rajje . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39divesse
c
(nom.sg.indef.) 40, 47, 90dı (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . . 187, 188dı (abs.) . . . . 187-190, 215, 242dıfan (2.sg.impv.I) . . . . . . . . 242dıfanan (2.sg.fut.I) . . . . . . . . 190dıfanu (2.sg.fut.I) . . . . . . . . . 190dogu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104doguveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104do ˙lahaka
c
(dat.indef.) . . . . . . 126do ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 43
do ˙los . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110, 122do ˙los de
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122do ˙los dihae
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 122do ˙los eke
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122do ˙los tine
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122domveli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36don . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 102donkel- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . 89donkele
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 89donkeo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 89donnanı . 181, 206, 214, 232, 233,
235, 237dora
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34doru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 91doruta
c
(nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 91dove (abs.) . . . . . . . . . 214, 233dovevidane (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . 232dovevunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . 237dove (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . 214, 233dovunı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . 206dovunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . 237dovunu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 206doni . 20, 27, 35, 40, 90, 92, 233doni bannanı . . . . . . . . . . . . 232doni-faharu (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 92donita
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92doñña
c
(dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . 40doññe
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . 40, 90drag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249duisatta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121/dum/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20dun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20dunita
c
(nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 91durana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27/dur-ek/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 158dure
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 158duru . . . . . . . . . . . 102, 147, 158duru vanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147duru vı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . 147duruvanı . . . . . . . . . . . 169, 172duruve (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . 169/dus/ (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 203dusin (2.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 249duvahaku (obl.sg.indef.) . . . . . 72duvan (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194duvanı . 26, 43, 169, 172, 202, 229/duvas-aku/ (obl.sg.indef.) . . . 160duvase (inf.impv.) . . . . . . . . 194duve (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 169duvi (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 202duvvanı (caus.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 43du
c
(part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 203du . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 60du kollanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-du (top.stem) . . . . . . . . . . . 131duni . . . . . . . . 26, 35, 40, 90, 91duñña
c
(dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . 40duññe
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . 40, 44, 90-e (2./3.sg./pl.ending) . . . . . . 181
-e (2.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 177-e (2.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 177-e (3.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 177-e (3.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 177-e (abs.ending) . . . . 211-214, 238e bai mıhun (pers.pron.pl.)140, 143e bai mıhunge (pers.pron.gen.
pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 143, 144e bai mıhunna
c
(pers.pron.dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
e befu ˙la
c
(pers.pron.dat.) . . . . 142e befu ˙la (pers.pron.nom.) 139, 140,
142e befu ˙lu (pers.pron.obl.) . . . . 142e befu ˙luge (pers.pron.gen.)142, 144e befu ˙lun (pers.pron.pl.) 139, 140,
143e befu ˙lunge (pers.pron.gen.pl.) 143,
144e befu ˙lunna
c
(pers.pron.dat.pl.) 143e bekala (pers.pron.nom.) 139, 140,
142e bekalea
c
(pers.pron.dat.) . . . 142e bekale (pers.pron.obl.) . . . . 142e bekalege (pers.pron.gen.)142, 144e bekalun (pers.pron.pl.) 139, 140,
143e bekalunge (pers.pron.gen.pl.) 143,
144e bekalunna
c
(pers.pron.dat.pl.) 143e (dem.pron.) 6, 20, 61, 106, 128,
137-139, 146, 147, 150, 151,252
e- (dem.pron.stem) . . . . . . . . 138e eccecca
c
(pers.pron.dat.pl.) . 143e ecceti (pers.pron.pl.) . . 138, 140,
143e eccetıga (pers.pron.loc.pl.) . 143e eccetıge (pers.pron.gen.pl.) . 143e eccetın (pers.pron.abl.pl.) . . 143e mıhun (pers.pron.pl.) . 130, 140,
143e mıhunge (pers.pron.gen.pl.) 143,
144e mıhunna
c
(pers.pron.dat.pl.) . 143e (pers.pron.) . . . . . 140, 142, 149e reas (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106e takecca
c
(pers.pron.dat.pl.) . . 143e taketi (pers.pron.pl.) . . 138, 140,
143e taketıga (pers.pron.loc.pl.) . . 143e taketıge (pers.pron.gen.pl.) . 143e taketın (pers.pron.abl.pl.) . . 143ea
c
(pers.pron.dat.) . . . . . . . . 142ea (pers.pron.) 138, 140, 142, 150ebbas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42emburenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230emburi (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 230emburi annanı . . . . . . . . . . . 230
258 Indexes
emburili (part.pret.II) . . . . . . 255ecca
c
(dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39ecceti (distr.pl.) . . . . 39, 75, 138ecce
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 39, 90edenı . . . . . . . . . . . 174, 226, 236endevunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . 237endu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66endun (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31edunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 236eduru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 91edurunta
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . 88, 91egara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110⟨egara⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111engara . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111, 122engenı . . . . . . . . . . 31, 232, 236engidane (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 232engun (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31engunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 236eha (adv.) . . . . 27, 151, 162, 242/ehakas/ (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . 242ehen (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151ehı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105ehıteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105ehıteria (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . 105ein (pers.pron.abl.) . . . . . . . . 142eı (dem.pron. + foc.marker) . 138,
252/ek/ . . . . . . 42, 44, 108, 109, 161ek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17/-ek/ (indef.suff.) 72, 89, 101, 108,
160ek- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164ekaku anekaka
c
(recip.pron.) . 152/ek-aku/ (obl.sg.indef.) . . . . . 152ekati anekacca
c
(recip.pron.) . . 152ekahaiteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119ekaha ˙t ˙ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119ekahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119eka ˙lıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118ekanavai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120ekavanna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118ekavıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114/ek-ek/ . . . . . . . . . 104, 108, 109eke
c
. . . . . . . . . . . 104, 108, 109/-ek-gai/ (loc.sg.indef.ending) . 101/-ek-ge/ (gen.sg.indef.ending) . 101eki (indef.pron.) . . . . . . . . . . 160eki mıs-mıhun . . . . . . . . . . . 160/ek-kuranı/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44ekkuranı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44/ek-me/ (pron.adj.) . . . . . . 42, 46/ek-men/ (pron.adj.pl.) 46, 91, 161eko ˙los . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110eku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104/eku-gai/ (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . 249/eku-gai/ (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . 104ekugai (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 249ekuga (conj.) . . . . . . . . 249, 250ekuga (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
ekunifanas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122ekunitindo ˙los . . . . . . . . . . . . 122ekuveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104/ek-vana/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123/ek-ves/ (conj.) . . . . . . . . 38, 164/em/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46emme gina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161emme madu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161emme (pron.adj.) 42, 46, 107, 133,
160, 161emmen (pron.adj.pl.) . 46, 91, 161,
162en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46enani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104enaniveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104endun (caus., vb.n.) . . . . . . . . 31endunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237engun (caus., vb.n.) . . . . . . . . 31es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83, 91essidane (3.sg.pot.pres.) . 232, 233esta
c
(nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 91eti . 20, 39, 75, 90, 105, 124, 138,
153, 162, 186-eti (adj.suff.) . . . . . 53, 103, 105/eti-ek/ (nom.sg.indef.) . 160, 162,
164/eti-eti/ (distr.pl.) . . . . . . . . . 138ettirıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118/-eve/ (quot.partc.) . . . . . . 39, 48eve (quot.partc.) 61, 148, 152, 164,
182, 199, 249, 251, 258, 259,260
⟨eve⟩ (quot.partc.) . . . . . 102, 144evvana . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 123evves (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38evves ecce
c
ne
c
. . . . . . . . . . . 164evves ecce
c
nun . . . . . . . . . . 164evves mıhaku ne
c
. . . . . . . . . 164evves mıhaku nun . . . . . . . . 164evves mıhe
c
nun . . . . . . . . . . 164evves tanaka
c
nun . . . . . . . . . 164⟨eya⟩ (dem.pron.subst.) . . . . . 138e
c
. . . . . . 44, 108, 109, 123, 161[e
c
] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17e
c
duvahaku (obl.sg.indef.) . . . . 72e
c
has . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121-e
c
(indef.suff.) . 72, 89, 101, 108,109, 158, 163
⟨e
c
vana⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37-e (3.sg.pres.ending) 211, 213, 214-e (quot.partc.) . . . . . . . . . 39, 48e (quot.partc.) . . . . . . . 106, 144[e] (quot.partc.) . . . . . . 102, 258ecca
c
(pers.pron.dat.) . . . . . . . 142ega (pers.pron.loc.) . . . . . . . . 142ege (pers.pron.gen.) . . . 142, 149-en (inf.ending) . . . . . . 182, 194ena (pers.pron.) 20, 139, 140, 142,
149, 150, 154, 233, 242
enaakı (pers.pron. + foc.marker) . . . . . . . . . 149, 253
enaa
c
(pers.pron.dat.) . . . . . . . 142enage (pers.pron.gen.) . . 142, 144eti (pers.pron.) . 20, 138, 140, 142etıga (pers.pron.loc.) . . . . . . . 142etıge (pers.pron.gen.) . . . . . . 142etın (pers.pron.abl.) . . . . . . . . 142[fae] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67faffalo-ta
c
(distr.pl.) . . . . . . . . . 75fagıru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 103faharu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 92-faharu (plur.suff.) . . . . . . 76, 92fahe
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109fai . . . . . . 21, 25, 42, 64, 67, 68-fai (abs. ending) . . . . . . . . . . 25faidigumakunu . . . . . . . . . . . . 65faitila . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63faitilain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63faivan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25fa ˙l ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43fa ˙lo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 67fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91-fan- (impv.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 190fanara . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110, 112fanas . . . . . . . 110, 116, 122, 123fanas de
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123fani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 26, 35fansahaiteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119fansaha ˙t ˙ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119fansavanna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119fansavıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115fansayahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120fansaya ˙lıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118fansayanavai . . . . . . . . . . . . 120fansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116, 123fanta
c
(nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 91⟨faqıru⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103faratun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62farubada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63farubadain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 63fas . . . . . . . 23, 32, 97, 109, 124fasdo ˙las . . . . . . . . . . . . 107, 116fasdo ˙las de
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 123fasdo ˙las eke
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . 123fasdo ˙las nuvae
c
. . . . . . . . . . . 123fasdo ˙las tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117fasdo ˙las tine
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . 117/fas-ek/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109fassateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121⟨fassehi⟩ (Geiger) . . . . . . . . . 122⟨fassehi-haye
c
⟩ (Geiger) . . . . . 122fassihi . . . . . . 110, 115, 122, 123fassihi de
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122fassihi eke
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 122fasvana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33fasa- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . . . . 26fasagatun (vb.n.III) . . . . . . . . 170fasanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 170
259Word forms: Standard Dhivehi (Male)
fasuvanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170/fat/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 64, 67fatanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 43fattanı (caus.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-fa (abs. ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 27[fa] (abs. ending) . . . . . . . . . . 25faga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63fagain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63fanan (2.sg.fut.aux.) . . . . . . . 190-fanan (impv.suff.) . . . . 189, 226fanu (2.sg.fut.aux.) . . . . . . . . 190-fanu (impv.suff.) . . . . . 189, 226faru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66[f¯a] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67[f¯avan] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25fehi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105fen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 33, 59fen bonı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233fenenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61, 245fenidane (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 236fennanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236/fenunu/ (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 61fesenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26fesi- (pret.stem) . . . . . . . . . . . 26fetenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26fedu (top.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131feru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66[fevan] (dial.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25fia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63fiain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63fiava ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65findanfu ˙lak-a (obl.sg.indef. +
conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249fihanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171fikuru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 138fino ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 132fiohi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 47, 84fiosse
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 47firi . . . . . . . . . . . . 90, 132, 157firihen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89, 157firihen geri . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158firihen kujja . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157firihen mıha . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157firihena (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . 89firin (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90fissavanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171⟨fiya⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47fınanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226, 229fode
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 89fodu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89fo ˙du . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65foi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 64, 91[foi] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18foita
c
(nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 91fonu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 63fonun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63fonuvala (abs.II) . . . . . . 187, 190fonuvala dı (abs.II + 2.sg.
impv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
fonuvala dı fanu (abs.II + abs.+ 2.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . . . . 190
fosi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 90fosie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 90/fot/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 64, 91fot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18/fotas/ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25fota
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25/fot-tak/ (nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 91fotuge (gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25fo
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64/fuak/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64fua
c
mulaku (top.) . . . . . . . . . . 64fuffu
c
(distr.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 42-fu ˙lu (hon.suff.) . 41, 54, 89, 136,
249fuppa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41fuppame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41furatama . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 123fura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27fura ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 35, 48fureta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90furetae
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 90/fus/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42fusi . . . . . . . . 33, 41, 90, 91, 132fusie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 90fusita
c
(nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 91⟨furu⟩ (Geiger) . . . . . . . . . . . . 42fu
c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
fu ˙lo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144fu ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 65, 144gada . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 103, 105gada fehi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105gan ˙du . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 132[gan ˙du] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30⟨ga ˙du⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30-gan ˙du (suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 133gahaka
c
(dat.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 101gahaku (obl.sg.indef.) . . . 72, 101gahakun (abl.sg.indef.) . . . . . 101gaha
c
(dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . 101gahegga (loc.sg.indef.) . . . . . 101gahegge (gen.sg.indef.) . . . . . 101gahe
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 101gahuga (loc.sg.) . . . . . . 100, 101gahuge (gen.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 101gahun (abl.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . 101gai . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 57, 67, 100-gai (loc.ending) . . . . . . . 25, 238/-gai/ (loc.ending) . . . . . . . 57, 62gai (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 205/gal/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 43gal- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88galamko ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54gamıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 233gamısko ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54gan (top.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20gane (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . 213, 229ganevunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . 237
gane (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 213gannanı19, 170, 181, 201, 205-207,
213, 227, 229, 235, 237gannavamu (2.sg.pres.) . . . . . 249gas . . . . 32, 64, 72, 91, 101, 102gasd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36gastakaka
c
(dat.pl.indef.) . . . . 101gastakakun (abl.pl.indef.) . . . . 101gastaka
c
(dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 102gastakegga (loc.pl.indef.) . . . . 101gastakegge (gen.pl.indef.) . . . 101gastake
c
(nom.pl.indef.) . . . . . 101gastakuga (loc.pl.) . . . . . . . . 102gastakuge (gen.pl.) . . . . . . . . 102gastakun (abl.pl.) . . . . . . . . . 102gasta
c
(nom.pl.) . . . . . . . 91, 102/gat/ (part.pret.) . . . . . . . 19, 205gatı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . 19, 205ga . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 24, 64, 88[ga] (loc. suffix) . . . . . . . . . . . 25-ga (loc.ending) . 57, 62, 100, 101gananı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234ge . . . . . . . . 21, 55, 67, 101, 164-ge (gen.ending) . 55, 56, 62, 100,
101/ge-ak-as/ (dat.sg.indef.) . . . . 164[geaka
c
] (dat.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 164geakı (nom.sg.indef. + foc.
marker) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144/ge-as/ (dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 242gea
c
(dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . 67, 101gein (abl.sg.) . . . . . 67, 101, 251gen (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229-gen (abs.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . 227gen gu ˙lenı 181, 203, 213, 229, 235,
237gendanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229gendan (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 229genes (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188genes dı (abs. + 2.sg.impv.) . . 188genes dı bala (abs. + abs. + 2.
sg.impv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 188gengos (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 229gennan (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 230gennan (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . 255gennanı . . . . . . . . . 229, 230, 234gevehi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90gevesse
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 90gega (loc.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 101gege (gen.sg.) . . . . . . . . 67, 101gievunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . 237, 238gina ginain . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163gina (pron.adj.) . . . . . . 161, 162gon ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 62goi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 151gos (abs.) . . . . 32, 214, 215, 257/gosfai/ (abs.I) . . . . . . . . . . . 242gosfa (abs.I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242/goslai/ (abs.II) . . . . . . . . . . . 242
260 Indexes
gosla (abs.II) . . . . . . . . . . . . 242/got/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 151got . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75gotakun (abl.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 160/got-as/ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 151got-got (distr.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 75govanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200, 235gova (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 186gova (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 200govati (2.sg.impv.post.) . . . . . 186guguri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66gui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68gu ˙lanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171gu ˙lenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103, 200gu ˙le (part.pres.) . . . . . . 103, 200gu ˙luvanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171gu ˙luvvanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171guna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125guna kuranı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125-guna (num.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 125gunanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125gura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27hadaifın (1.sg.pret.I) . . . . . . . 230hadan (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22hadanı148, 149, 151, 195, 230, 231hadafanan (1.sg.fut.I) . . . . . . 231hadaka
c
(inf.dat.indef.) . . . . . . 22haddavanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210handu . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 32, 65/ha-ek/. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109haekka
c
(dat.indef.) . . . . . . . . 126hae
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109hafanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171hafta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 89hagıgı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 103hai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109haidiha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117haidiha has . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121haisateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121haiteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117hakuru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65halanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169hale (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 169happavanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171⟨haqıqı⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103harakatteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104/harakat-veri/ . . . . . . . . . . . . 104hasada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104hasadaveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104hasateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121hašiš . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249/hat/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109/hatar-ek/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109hatare
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109hataru . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 112hataru bai ku ˙la e
c
bai . . . . . . 124hatarusateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121hatavıs . . . . . . . . . . . . 115, 116/hat-diha/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
hate
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109haturu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66ha ˙t ˙ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117havıru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66[hayata
c
] (dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . 164ha22, 24, 32, 64, 88, 109, 112, 242ha (aff.partc.) . . . . . . . . . 23, 250ha (pron.adj.) . 27, 151, 157, 160,
162, 242/hal/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112hal- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88has . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121hedenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255hedi (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255hedi (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255hendunu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66hehenı . . 181, 203, 213, 235, 237hehi (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213hehunu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 203hei (quest.partc.)154, 157, 248, 249,
256, 258hen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151, 157henı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235henveru (top.) . . . . . . . . . . . 157herenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232heridane (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 232heyo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248heyy-eve (quest.partc. + quot.
partc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249he (quest.partc.) . . . 154, 157, 248hia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121-123hia ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 65hicce (adj. + quot.partc.) . . . . . 39hifanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41hingama (1.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . 184hingama dama (1.pl.impv. + 2.
sg./pl.impv.) . . . . . . . . . . 184hinganı . . . . . . . . . 184, 201, 229hinga (2.sg./pl.impv.) . . . . . . 184hiki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 102hikkanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44hila . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 63hilain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63hima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 102himaru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 65hippanı (caus.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 41hippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41hisab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61hisabun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . 61, 62/hit/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38hitadu (top.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131hitama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104hitamaveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104hiti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39/hiti-eve/ (adj. + quot.partc.) . . 39/hit-varu/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38hivvaru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38⟨hiya⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47hi
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
honihiru . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 66honu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 66hodanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160, 235homa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63homain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63honu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91honuta
c
(nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 91hudu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 105huhi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34hukuru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65hu ˙langu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102hun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46hunnan (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 203hunnanı 34, 44, 103, 107, 149, 151,
162, 181, 203, 205, 207, 210,214, 226, 228, 232, 234, 235,237-239, 243, 245, 252, 256,
257, 261huras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27hure (abs.) . . . 205, 214, 238, 257hurefin (1.sg.pret.I) . . . . . . . . 226hurejjain (1.sg.pret.IV) . 228, 239hurejje (2.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . 228hurejje (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . 228hurelin (1.sg.pret.II) . . . . . . . 226hurevidane (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . 232/hurevijjais/ (3.sg.pret.IV +
emph.partc.) . . . . . . . . . . 238hurevijjas (3.sg.pret.IV +
emph.partc.) . . . . . . 237, 238hurevijje (3.sg.pret.IV) . . 237-239hurevun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . 237hurevunıs (3.sg.pot.pret. +
emph.partc.) . . . . . . 237, 238hurevunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . 237hure (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 214huri (3.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 261huri ha duvahaku (indef.pron.) 160huri ha ecce
c
(indef.pron.) 160, 162huri ha (indef.pron.) . . . 160, 162huri ha taku (indef.pron.) . . . . 160huri (part.pret.) . 34, 103, 203, 256⟨huriha⟩ (indef.pron.) . . . . . . 162hurin (1.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 243hus nun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30[huri] (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 34huturu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 102hu ˙t ˙taifin (1.sg.pret.I) . . . . . . . 229hu ˙t ˙tanı . . . . . . 44, 229, 232, 238[hu ˙t ˙tafin] (1.sg.pret.I) . . . . . . 229hu ˙t ˙tala (abs.II) . . . . . . . . . . . 188hu ˙t ˙tala dı (abs.II + 2.sg.impv.) 188hu ˙t ˙tenı . . . . . . . . . 229, 232, 238hu ˙t ˙tenı (caus.intr.) . . . . . . . . . 44hu ˙t ˙tevidane (3.sg.pot.pres.)232, 233hu ˙t ˙tevunıs (3.sg.pot.pret. +
emph.partc.) . . . . . . . . . . 238hu ˙t ˙tene (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . 233hu ˙t ˙ti (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
261Word forms: Standard Dhivehi (Male)
hu ˙t ˙tidane (3.sg.pot.pres.) 232, 233hu ˙t ˙tijjain (1.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . 229hu ˙t ˙tunıs (3.sg.pot.pret. + emph.
partc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238hu ˙t ˙tunu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 238huvandu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32hunu . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 65, 102/ ˙hayat-as/ (dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . 164
˙hilmı (p.n.nom.) . . . . . . . . . . 251
˙husain (p.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-i (abs.ending) . . . . . . . 212, 238-i (part.pret.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 202inde (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214indefin (1.sg.pret.I) . . . . . . . . 226indejjain (1.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . 228indejje (2.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . 228indejje (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . 228indelin (1.sg.pret.II) . . . . . . . 226indevidane (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . 232indevun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . 237indevunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . 237inde (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 214ingili . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 91ingilifu ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . 54, 137ingilita
c
(nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 91inguru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 66[inguru] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30⟨iguru⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30ihi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 46, 62ilmu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-in (abl.ending) . . . . 59, 62, 100in (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 130, 204-in (plur.suff.) 74, 90, 91, 102, 132innan (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203innanı 44, 130, 173, 181, 201, 205,
214, 226, 228, 230, 232, 235,237, 243, 245, 257, 261
irakun (abl.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 158/ir-ek/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 158ire
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 158iru . . 66, 157, 158, 242, 249, 255iru (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . 249, 255irun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66is (emph.partc.) . . . . . . . . . . 238isdu (top.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 60iskuru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37istasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 43isınde (abs.) . . . . . . . . . 214, 230isınde inde (abs. + abs.) . . . . 230isınde in (abs. + part.pret.) . . . 230isınde inı (abs. + part.pres.l.f.) 230isınde inna (abs. + part.pres.) . 230isınde innanı (abs. + part.pres.l.
f.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230isındevidane (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . 232isındevun (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . 237isındevunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . 237isınde (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 214isın (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 205
isınnama (1.pl.impv.) . . . . . . 184isınnama hinga (1.pl.impv. + 2.
sg./pl.impv.) . . . . . . . . . . 184isınnanı . 173, 181, 205, 206, 214,
228, 230, 232, 235, 237, 243, 245itura
c
(adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106ituru (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . 61, 106ivenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152, 174ivenı (part.pres.l.f.) . . . . . . . . 252/ive/ (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 152iya (cond.conj.) . . . 239, 241, 242iyye (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 238-ı (foc.marker) . 72, 138, 251-253,
260-ımu (1.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . 175-ımu (2.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . 175-ın (1.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 175ı ˙tu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 65jambu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60, 65jamburolu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65jaha- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . . . . 26jahanı 26, 32, 40, 43, 75, 164, 170,
171, 200, 236, 257, 262jahagen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . . 227jassanı (caus.) . . 40, 43, 170, 171jassavanı (doub.caus.) . . . 170-172javvu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65jadu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67jehenı . . . 26, 171, 172, 236, 262jehi (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 75jehi- (pret.stem) . . . . . . . . . . . 26jehunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . 236, 262jessenı (caus.intr.) . . . . . . . . . 171jessevenı (doub.caus.intr.) . . . 171-jjaimu (1./2.pl.pret.IV ending) . 40-jjain (1.sg.pret.IV ending) . . . . 40-jje (2./3.sg./3.pl.pret.IV
ending) . . . . . . . . . . 40, 239jo ˙de
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 89jo ˙du . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89joli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20kambulo (voc.form) . . . . . . . 135kamburu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 81kaduru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65kafa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63kafain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63kafanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41kahambu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65⟨kahabu⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65kahala (pron.adj.) . . 154, 163, 164kai (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215kakkanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 149kal- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134kalamijja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39kala (pers.pron.) . . . . . . . . . . 141kale
c
a
c
(pers.pron.dat.) . . . . . . 141kale (pers.pron.) 134, 136, 140, 141kalege (pers.pron.gen.) . 141, 144kalemen (pers.pron.pl.)91, 140, 143
kalemenge (pers.pron.gen.pl.) 143,144
kalemenna
c
(pers.pron.dat.pl.) . 143/kam/ . 46, 53, 61, 133, 164, 255/kamakas/ (dat.sg.indef.) . . . . . 61kamu nu de . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103kamu (obl.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . 103kamun (ger.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 198kan . 18, 46, 53, 61, 133, 164, 255-kan (suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133kanı . . . 148, 208, 215, 227, 230,
233-235, 237, 243kan-kan (distr.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 75kantakugai (loc.pl.) . . . . . . . . 164kappavanı (caus.) . . . . . . . . . . 41kara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 67karain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63karu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65kasi . . . . . . . . . . 23, 24, 34, 90kasie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 90katıbu kuren (obl. + postpos.) . 61katıbu (obl.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 61kattala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43kafuru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 65kage (interr.pron.gen.sg.) . . . . 155kagen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . . . 227kaka
c
(interr.pron.dat.sg.) . . . . 155kaku (interr.pron.nom.sg.) 153, 155kakuge (interr.pron.gen.sg.) . . 155kakun (interr.pron.abl.sg.) . . . 155ka ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 105kan (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194kase (inf.impv.) . . . . . . . . . . 194kati (2.sg.impv.post.) . . 186, 187keheri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66kekenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44/kel/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36kela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27keo ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66kevidane (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 233kevunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237ke (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . . . . . . 186ke (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 215ke (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 208keı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . 208ki- (interr.pron.stem) . . . 152, 153,
156-158kiaman vanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104kiamanteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104kianı 145, 147, 185, 200, 227, 257,
259kiala (abs.II) . . . . . . . . . . . . 188kiala dı bala (abs.II + abs. + 2.
sg.impv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 188kiek (interr.pron.) . . . . . . . . . 154kiha dige
c
(interr.pron.) . . . . . 158kiha dure
c
(interr.pron.) . . . . . 158kiha (interr.pron.) . . 27, 157, 162kiha irakun (interr.pron.abl.) . 158
262 Indexes
kiha ire
c
(interr.pron.) . . . . . . 158kiha varaka
c
(interr.pron.dat.) . 158kiha vare
c
(interr.pron.) . . . . . 158/ki-hin-ek/ (interr.pron.) . . . . . 158kihine
c
(interr.pron.) . . . 158, 159kihine
c
vegen (interr.pron.) . . 159kiru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66kirun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66kitake
c
(interr.pron.) . . . . . . . 158kita
c
(interr.pron.) . . . . . . . . . 158kık (interr.pron.) . . . . . . . . . . 154kıke (interr.pron.) . . . . . 154, 155kıne (interr.pron.) . . . . . 154, 155⟨kınhe⟩ (interr.pron., Geiger) . 154kıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 47, 84kıvve (interr.pron.) . . . . . 38, 158kı
c
(interr.pron.) . . . 154, 155, 159/kı
c
-ve/ (interr.pron.) . . . . . . . . 38⟨kı
c
ve⟩ (interr.pron.) . . . . . . . 158koba (interr.pron.) . . . . . . . . 156kobahe (interr.pron.) . . . . . . . 157koddin-ia (abs. + part.pret. +
cond.conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . 242koddıfi (abs. + part.pret.I) . . . 242koddıfı-a (abs. + part.pret.I +
cond.conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . 242kondu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65koffi (part.pret.I) . . . . . . . . . 242kokko . . . . . . . . . 22, 42, 67, 91kokkomen (nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . 91/kol/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22kollanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44ko ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 59, 66-ko ˙lu (hon.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . 54ko ˙luma ˙dulu (top.) . . . . . . . . . . 28komme duvahaku (indef.pron.) 160komme ecce
c
(indef.pron.) . . . 160komme gotakun ves (indef.
pron.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160komme (indef.pron.) . . . 160, 161komme mıhe
c
(indef.pron.)160, 161komme mıhe
c
ves (indef.pron.) 160komme tane
c
(indef.pron.) . . . 160komme tane
c
ves (indef.pron.) 160komme ves ecce
c
(indef.pron.) 160komme ves (indef.pron.) . . . . 160komme ves mıhe
c
(indef.pron.) 160komme ves taku (indef.pron.) 160kommehecce
c
(indef.pron.) . . . 160kommehecce
c
ves (indef.pron.) 160kommes mıhe
c
(indef.pron.) . . 160kommes taku (indef.pron.) . . . 160kon ecca
c
(interr.pron.dat.) . . . 155kon ecce
c
(interr.pron.nom.) . 153-155
kon etıge (interr.pron.gen.) . . 155kon etın (interr.pron.abl.) . . . . 155kon (interr.pron.)152-154, 156, 157,
159, 164, 254
kon kahala (interr.pron.) 154, 164kon taka
c
(interr.pron.) . . . . . 151kone (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213konevidane (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . 232konevunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . 237kone (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 213koniraku (interr.pron.obl.) . . . 157/kon-me eti-ek/ (indef.pron.) . 160/kon-me/ (indef.pron.) . . 160, 161/kon-me mıs-ek/ (indef.pron.) . 160konnanı . 181, 203, 213, 232, 234,
235, 237/kon-tanaku/ (interr.pron.obl.) . 156kontakas (interr.pron.dat.) . . . 242kontaka
c
(interr.pron.dat.) . . . 156kontaku (interr.pron.obl.) . . . . 156kontakun (interr.pron.abl.) . . . 156konunu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 203koppanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44/kos/ (abs.) . . . 44, 215, 238, 242kos (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17kosanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 202kosaru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65/kos-din-ya/ (abs. + part.pret. +
cond.conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . 242/kos-dı-fi/ (abs. + part.pret.I) . 242/kos-dı-fi-ya/ (abs. + part.pret.I
+ cond.conj.) . . . . . . . . . 242/kosfanı/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44kosi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41kosi (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 202/koslanı/. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44kota ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65ko ˙tari . . . . . . . . . . . 90, 91, 101ko ˙taria
c
(dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 101ko ˙tarie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 90ko ˙tarita
c
(nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 91ko ˙tarıga (loc.sg.) . . . . . . . . . 101ko ˙tarıge (gen.sg.) . . . . . . . . . 101ko ˙tarın (abl.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 101ko ˙t ˙tavanı (doub.caus.) . . . . . . . 41ko
c
(abs.) . . . . . . 17, 44, 215, 238ko
c
dı bala (abs. + abs. + 2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
⟨ko
c
ko⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22koce (interr.pron.nom.) . 154, 155kudi- (stem) . . . . . . . 89, 90, 163kudin (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 90, 163ku ˙da . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106, 163kujjaku (obl.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 72kujja . . . . . . . 39, 72, 89, 90, 163kujje
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . 39, 90kuku ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35kula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105ku ˙la (part.pret.) . . . 36, 124, 208ku ˙landuru huhi . . . . . . . . . . . . 34ku ˙laı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . 208ku ˙le (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
ku ˙lenı 181, 203, 206, 214, 235, 237ku ˙levunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . 237ku ˙le (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 214ku ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 35ku ˙l ˙lava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42ku ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66ku ˙lunu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 203kuni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35kuramu (1.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . 169kuran (1.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 169kuran (inf.) . . . . . . 22, 194, 262kuranı . . 33, 36, 44, 61, 124, 169,194, 200, 201, 202, 208, 210, 214,215, 233, 236, 238, 241, 242, 245,
248, 262kuranı (part.pres.l.f.) . . . . . . . 154kuravanı (caus.) . . . . . . . . . . 200kurava (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . 200kuravvanı (doub.caus.) . . . . . 200kuravva (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . 200kuravva ˙nem (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . 182kura (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 200/kurakas/ (inf.dat.indef.) . . . . 262kuraka
c
(inf.dat.indef.) . . . 22, 262kurane (part.fut.) . . . . . . . . . . 61kurase (inf.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 194kurati (2.sg.impv.post.) . 186, 187kuren (postpos.) . . . . . . . . 61, 62kurevene (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 236kurevidane (3.sg.pot.pres.)233, 236,
248/kurevijjais/ (3.sg.pret.IV +
emph.partc.) . . . . . . . . . . 238kurevijjas (3.sg.pret.IV +
emph.partc.) . . . . . . . . . . 238kurevijje (3.sg.pret.IV) . 238, 239kurevunıs (3.sg.pot.pret. +
emph.partc.) . . . . . . . . . . 238kurevunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . 238kure (2.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 169kure (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 186kure (2.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 169kure (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . 169, 238kuri (part.pret.) . . . . . . . 208, 241kurı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . 208kurumba . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 63[kurumba] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30⟨kuruba⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30kurumbain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 63kurun (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 194⟨ku
c
ja⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90labagen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . . . 48labanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48labba (aff.partc.) . . . . . . . 42, 250/labbai/ (aff.partc.) . . . . . . . . 250ladu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105laduveti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105lagganı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44lanı . 226, 227, 231, 234, 235, 237
263Word forms: Standard Dhivehi (Male)
lappanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 225la
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44⟨la
c
ganı⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44⟨la
c
panı⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44lagen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . . . 227lahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90lasse
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 90le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27liamun (ger.) . . . . . . . . 198, 257liamun liamun gos (red.ger. +
abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257liamun liamun (red.ger.) . . . . 198lian (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . 193, 194lianı 22, 182, 190, 234, 236, 245,
256, 257liase (inf.impv.) . . . . . . . . . . 194liben (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194libenı . . . . . . . . . . 174, 232, 242libese (inf.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 194libidane (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . . 232libijje (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . 242lievunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . 237liunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . . 236lobu- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 105lobuveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74, 104lobuveti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105/lol/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22lo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22lobi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 105lobiveria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104lobiverikan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104lobiveti . . . . . . . . . 53, 104, 105lumbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109ma (pers.pron.obl.) . 129, 130, 144macca
c
(dat.) . . . . . . . . . . 34, 39madu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65madu fehi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105madu madun . . . . . . . . . . . . 163madu (pron.adj.) . . . 105, 161, 163madun (pron.adj.abl.) . . . . . . 163ma ˙du . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103, 163mage
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 89magu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89, 91maguta
c
(nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 91mahakun (abl.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 59mahe
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 89mahun (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59maibada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63maibadain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 63main bafain (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 90main (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90maja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102makunudu (top.) . . . . . . . . . . 131/mal/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 43mal- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88mamen (pers.pron.pl.) . . . . . . 142mamena
c
(pers.pron.dat.pl.) . . 142mamenge (pers.pron.gen.pl.) . 142mamma . . . . . . . . 42, 48, 90, 91
mammaegge (gen.sg.indef.) . . 148mammae
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . 90mammamen (nom.pl.) . . . . . . . 91maniku . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54, 137manikufanu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137⟨manma⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90, 91maradu (top.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 131maranı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185marase (inf.impv.) . . . . 185, 194maru vanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249maru vı (3.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . 249/mas/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43mas . . . 18, 32, 59, 83, 89-91, 97/masakkat/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248masakka
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248masakke
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . 242maskiba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90maskibae
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . 90massaru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65masta
c
(nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 91/mas-un/ (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 59masveria . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89, 90masverin (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 90masafai (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . 256masi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 59mati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 39ma . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 24, 43, 88ma (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106madama (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23makana- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . 89makana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89mamui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-me (emph.partc.) . . . . . 161, 250me (partc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161medu . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 50, 66mehi . . . . . . . . 25, 32, 40, 47, 62mehumanu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91mehumanun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 91-men (plur.suff.)70, 72, 74, 91, 102,
130, 132, 161menduru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41meva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88meze
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 89mezu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89mi (dem.pron.) 106, 146, 147, 150,
151, 164, 238, 242, 248, 252mi gota
c
(adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . 151mi kahala (pron.adj.) . . . . . . . 164mi re . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106mi urenge (gen.pl.) . . . . . . . . 131miadu (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 161miadu-me (adv. + emph.partc.) 250miaru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 66mihen (adv.) . . . . . . . . 151, 242mi-ı (dem.pron. + foc.marker) 148,
252mila . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 63milain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
minanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169mine (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 169mirus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64/miskit/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72miskitaku (obl.sg.indef.) . . . . . 72miski
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72mis-mıhun (distr.pl.) . . . . 75, 160/mitanugai/ (pron.adv.) . . . . . 238mitaga (pron.adv.) . . . . . . . . 238mituru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 103miturun (nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 47mı (dem.pron. + foc.marker) . 252/mıdal/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97mıdal- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . 88, 89mıdale
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 89mıda . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88, 89, 97mıdu (top.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131mıhaku (obl.sg.indef.) 72, 164, 252mıha 48, 72, 89, 90, 101, 102, 124mıhaga (loc.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 101mıhage (gen.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 101mıhain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59mıhain (abl.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 101mıha
c
(dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . 101mıhe
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 89mıhun (pl.)18, 24, 90, 91, 102, 124,
162mıhunga (loc.pl.) . . . . . . . . . 102mıhunge faratun (abl.pl.) . . . . 102mıhunge (gen.pl.) . . . . . . . . . 102mıhunnakı (nom.pl. + foc.
marker) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254mıhunna
c
(dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . 102mıhunta
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91mına (pers.pron.) . . . . . . . . . 150mıru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106/mıs-/ (stem) . . . . . . . . 162, 164mıs- (stem) . . . 89, 102, 124, 140/mıs-ek/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 164-mu (1.pl.ending) . . . . . 168, 175-mu (2.pl.ending) . . . . . 168, 175muazzif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42mudarris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42mun ˙du . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65mugu . . . . . . . . . . 65, 102, 105/mul/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22mu ˙li (pron.adj.) . . . 107, 162, 164mu ˙lin (pron.adj.abl.) . . . 107, 162mu ˙lin ranga ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . 162-mun (ger.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . 197mussandi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42musi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 105musimaha (obl. + conj.) . . . . 147/musimas-ai/ (obl. + conj.) . . . 147mu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22munu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65musun . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 47, 64-n (1.sg.ending) . . . . . . 168, 175-na (part.pres.suff.) . . . . . . . . 201
264 Indexes
naganı . . . . . . . . . . 164, 194, 200nagase (inf.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 194nakai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25/nakat/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25/nam/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72nama (cond.conj.) . . 239-242, 250namakı (obl.sg.indef. + foc.
marker) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72nama-ves (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . 250namadu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45nan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72nanu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65nasehai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25nasıbu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104nasıbuveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104nava- (num.elem.) . . . . . . . . 120/nava-ahi/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120navafansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120navahaiteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120navaha ˙t ˙ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120navai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117navasa ˙lıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120navatirıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120navahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120navanavai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120navara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114-116navavıs . . . . . . . . . . . . 115, 116na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92na-faharu (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 92na ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 107naringu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66naru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65nasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24negenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200nege (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 200nei (3.sg.pres.neg.) . . . . . . . . 261nesi (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 202/net/ (3.sg.pres.neg.) . . . . . . . 261/net/ (part.pret.) . . . . . . 164, 208netı (part.pres.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . 208netun (vb.n.) . . . . . 107, 164, 208netunı . . . . . . . . . . 138, 208, 261netunu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 208nevin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149niaduru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 65niafati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33nidanı . . . . . . . 23, 229, 236, 247nida (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 23nidunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 236nikameti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103nikkuri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42/nil/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22nimenı . . . . . . . . . 209, 212, 228nimi (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212nimijjaimu (1.pl.pret.IV) . . . . 228nimijjaimu (2.pl.pret.IV) . . . . 228nimijjaimu (2.sg.pret.IV) . . . . 228nimijjain (1.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . 228nimijje (2.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . 228
nimijje (3.pl.pret.IV) . . . . . . . 228nimijje (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . 228nimmalanan (1.sg.fut.II) . . . . 226nimmanan (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . 226nimunu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 209/nit/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42/nit-kuri/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42ni
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42nu bala (2.sg./pl.impv.neg.) . . 261nu belene (3.sg.pot.pres.neg.) . 232nu bindene (3.sg.pot.pres.neg.) 233nu essene (3.sg.pot.pres.neg.) . 233nu gu ˙le (part.pres.neg.) . . . . . 103nu hu ˙t ˙tevene (3.sg.pot.pres.
neg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233nu hu ˙t ˙tene (3.sg.pot.pres.neg.) 233nu kan ˙da (2.sg.impv.neg.) . . . 186nu kan ˙dati (2.sg.impv.post.
neg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185nu kurati (2.sg.impv.post.neg.) 187nu kurevene (3.sg.pot.pres.
neg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233nu kurevunıs (3.sg.pot.pret.neg.
+ emph.partc.) . . . . . . . . 238nu marase (inf.impv.) . . . . . . 185nu marase (inf.impv.neg.) . . . 194nu (neg.partc.) 45, 184, 233, 250,
260-262nu ta ˙lase (inf.impv.neg.) . . . . 194nu temevene (3.sg.pot.pres.
neg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232/nu u ˙len-ya/ (neg.partc. + part.
pres. + cond.conj.) . . . . . 242nu vadevene (3.sg.pot.pres.
neg.) . . . . . . . . . . . 232, 233nuhanu (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 106nukui (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 205nukume (abs.) . . . . 60, 214, 230nukume u ˙lemu (abs. + 1.pl.
pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230nukume u ˙len (abs. + 1.sg.pres.) 230nukume u ˙le (abs. + 2.pl.pres.) 230nukume u ˙le (abs. + 2.sg.pres.) 230nukume u ˙le (abs. + 3.pl.pres.) 230nukume u ˙le (abs. + 3.sg.pres.) 230nukumejjaın (1.sg.pret.IV) . . . 257nukumejje (1.sg.pret.IV) . . . . 228nukumejje (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . 251nukumevidane (3.sg.pot.pres.) 232nukumevunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . 237nukume (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . 214nukunnama (1.pl.impv.) . . . . . 184nukunnama hinga (1.pl.impv. +
2.sg./pl.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 184nukunnanı 60, 181, 201, 205, 214,
227, 228, 230, 232, 234, 235,237, 251, 257
/nukut/ (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 205nukutı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . 205
nura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27nuva . . . . . . . . . . . 110, 116, 120nuvadiha . . . . . . . . . . . 116, 117/nuva-ek/. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110nuvae
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110nuvasateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121nu . . . . . . . . 20, 22, 61, 103, 105nu ˙leñña (neg.partc. + part.pres.
+ cond.conj.) . . . . . . . . . 242nun (neg.partc.) 23, 250, 260-262ñakas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45ñam ñam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45ñam ñam gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45⟨ñamu ñamu⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45ñaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45ñeku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45o ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 92, 206o ˙di-faharu (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 92o ˙dita
c
(pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92oi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 68oi (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 205, 256oivaru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68ona- (num.elem.) . . . . . . . . . 114onaahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120onafansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120onahaiteri . . . . . . . . . . 114, 120onaha ˙t ˙ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120onasa ˙lıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120onasatta . . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 120onatirıs . . . . . . . . . 114, 115, 120onavai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120onavihi . . . . . . . . . 113, 114, 120onnanı 56, 61, 151, 161, 181, 205,
206, 214, 227, 228, 232, 235,237, 243, 248, 256, 261
onu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65/os/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 46osoi (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 206osonnanı . 28, 181, 205, 206, 214,
228, 232, 235, 237, 243/osot/ (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 206osotı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . 206osove (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 214osove (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214osovevidane (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . 232osovevunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . 237/ot/ (part.pret.) . . . . 61, 205, 256otı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . . 205ovevidane (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . 232ovevunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . 237ove (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 214o
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 46o ˙daru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20ogaveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104raffu
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42ranga ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . 102, 107rai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105raiga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43raimas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
265Word forms: Standard Dhivehi (Male)
rakkau kuranı . . . . . . . . . . . . 105rakkau vanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105rakkauteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104rakkateri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104ran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102/ras/ . . . . . . . 38, 42, 64, 91, 132ras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17, 18, 50ras-ras (distr.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 75/ras-tak/ (nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 91rasugai (loc.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 242/rat/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 105/rat-gal/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43/rat-mas/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43ra ˙t ˙ta
c
(nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 91ravvehi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 38ra
c
. . . . . . . . . 38, 42, 64, 91, 132[ra
c
] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17, 18ra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21rajje . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39ra ˙le
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 89ra ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89reas (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106[rea
c
] (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106rekenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23reke (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 23re . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 67, 68, 106riha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 63rihain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63rihenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44rihi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102rissanı (caus.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44riveti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105rıcce (adj. + quot.partc.) . 39, 102rındu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105rıeti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105rıti . . . 39, 53, 102, 105, 107, 161/rıti-eve/ (adj. + quot.partc.)39, 102rıtikan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 105ronı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257rosi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34ro (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 252/ruk/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89, 91ruke
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 89/ruk-ruk/ (distr.pl.) . . . . . . . . . 75/ruk-tak/ (nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . 91rul- (stem) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89rule
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 89ru ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35rutta
c
(nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 91ru
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89, 91ru
c
-ru
c
(distr.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 75ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89sabbıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115sahaiteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119saha ˙t ˙ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119sai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 25, 68sa ˙lıs de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117sa ˙lıs de
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117satahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
sata ˙lıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118satanavai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120satara . . . . . . . . . . 110, 113, 114sateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121, 123satekavana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123satta . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 120, 121sattirıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118satuhaiteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119satuha ˙t ˙ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119satutirıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118satuvanna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119sauda . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110, 112saurahaiteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119sauraha ˙t ˙ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119sauratirıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118sauravanna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119saurayahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120sauraya ˙lıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118saurayanavai . . . . . . . . . . . . 120sauvıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115, 118savanna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119sayahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120saya ˙lıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118sayanavai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120sada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110, 112safu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47salıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116sa ˙lıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116[s¯a] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25seke ˙t ˙trı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91seke ˙t ˙trın (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91sekre ˙tarı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91sekre ˙tarın (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 91[se] (dial.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25sigare ˙tu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 65singire ˙tu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31sirru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43si ˙tı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 112so ˙la . . . . . . . . . . . 110, 112, 113sukkun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30suvalu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61/suvalutakek/ (nom.pl.indef.) . . 61sura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90, 148surae
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 90-se (inf.impv.ending) 185, 193, 194šahıdu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91šahıdun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91šarıfu (p.n.nom.) . . . . . . . . . . 251šukuru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104šukuruveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104-t (part.pret.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 205ta (quest.partc.) 154, 233, 248, 249,
258taguva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104taguvaveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104/-tak/ (plur.suff.) . . . . 71, 91, 102/tak/ (pron.adj.) . . . . . . 138, 158taketi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138ta ˙lanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
ta ˙lase (inf.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 194tan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156, 160/tan-ak-as/ (dat.sg.indef.) . . . . 164/tan-aku/ (obl.sg.indef.) . . . . . 160/tan-ek/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 160tanu (obl.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 238⟨taquva⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104tari . . . . . . . . . . . 59, 62, 90, 91/tari-ek/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 47tarie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 90tarita
c
(nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 91⟨tariye
c
⟩ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 47⟨tari
c
e
c
⟩ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 47tarın (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 59, 62tarujama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37tasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 90, 91tasie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 90tasita
c
(nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 91tayyaru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-ta
c
(plur.suff.) 71, 74, 76, 91, 92,102, 163
ta
c
(pron.adj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 138ta
c
lımu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107ta
c
ulımu . . . . . . . . . . . . 107, 149tarıx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45taza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 103teduvanı . . . . . . . . 104, 227, 257teduvegen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . 257teduveri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104/tel/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 25te ˙li (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 202teme- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . . 168temelin (1.sg.pret.II) . . . 226, 228temema (1.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . 184tememu (1.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . 174tememu (2.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . 174tememun (ger.) . . . . . . . 168, 197temen (1.sg.pres.) . . . . . 168, 174temen (inf.) . . . . . . . . . 168, 195temenı . . 166, 168, 174, 175, 199,
209, 226-228, 231, 232, 236, 238,245
temenı (part.pres.l.f.) . . . 168, 199temevidane (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . 232temevunıs (3.sg.pot.pret. +
emph.partc.) . . . . . . . . . . 238teme (2.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 184teme (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . 168, 184teme (2.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 174teme (3.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 174teme (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 174teme (part.pres.) . . . . . . 168, 199temenan (1.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . 177temenan (1.sg.fut.) . . . . 168, 177temene (2.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . . 177temene (2.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . . . 177temene (3.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . . 177temene (3.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . . . 177temene (part.fut.) . . . . . 168, 199
266 Indexes
temenı (part.fut.l.f.) . . . . 168, 199temi (abs.) . . . 168, 212, 215, 238temi temi (red.abs.) . . . . . . . . 215temifai (abs.I) . . . . . . . . . . . 227temifa (abs.I) . . . . . . . . . . . . 227temigen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . . 227temijjain (1.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . 228temijje (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . . 228temilai (abs.II) . . . . . . . . . . . 227temividane (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . 232temun- (pret.stem) . . . . . . . . 168temun (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . 168, 196temunin (1.sg.pret.) . . . . 168, 176temunı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . 168, 199temunımu (1.pl.pret.) . . . . . . 176temunımu (2.pl.pret.) . . . . . . 176temunıs (3.sg.pot.pret. + emph.
partc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238temunu (2.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . 176temunu (3.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . 176temunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . 236temunu (3.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . 176temunu (part.pret.) . . . . 168, 175,
199, 209, 238teo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 25, 64-teri (adj.suff.) . . . . . 53, 103-105/-teri-a/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105teya ˙lıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118teahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120teanavai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120tehaiteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119teha ˙t ˙ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119tera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111tevanna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119tevıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115ti (dem.pron.) . 136, 146, 147, 150,
151, 164, 242, 252-ti (impv.suff.) . . . . . . . 185, 186tia befu ˙la
c
(pers.pron.dat.) . . . 141tia befu ˙la (pers.pron.nom.) . . 136,
139-141tia befu ˙lu (pers.pron.obl.) . . . 141tia befu ˙luge (pers.pron.gen.) 141,
144tia befu ˙lun (pers.pron.pl.) 137, 140,
143tia befu ˙luna
c
(pers.pron.dat.pl.) 143tia befu ˙lunge (pers.pron.gen.
pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 143, 144tia bekala (pers.pron.nom.)140, 141tia bekale
c
a
c
(pers.pron.dat.) . . 141tia bekale (pers.pron.) . . 134, 136,
139-141tia bekalege (pers.pron.gen.) 141,
144tia bekalun (pers.pron.pl.) 136, 140,
143tia bekalunge (pers.pron.gen.
pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 143, 144
tia bekalunna
c
(pers.pron.dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
tia (dem.pron.) 139, 144, 150, 164tia kahala (dem.pron.) . . . . . . 164tia manikufana
c
(pers.pron.dat.) 141tia manikufanu (pers.pron.) . 136,
140, 141tia manikufanuge (pers.pron.
gen.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141tia (pers.pron.) . . . . . . . 134, 136tibejjaimu (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . 239tibenı 56, 160, 162, 200, 239, 242,
243, 245, 261tibe (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 200tibi (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 162tibımu (1.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 243tiki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47tila . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 43, 90tilae
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 90timange (pron.gen.) . . . . . . . . 146tima (pron.) 48, 127, 133, 144-146timage (pron.gen.) . . . . 144, 146timamen (pron.pl.) . . . . 133, 146timamenge (pron.gen.pl.) 144, 146timamenna
c
(pron.dat.pl.) . . . . 146tima
c
(pron.dat.) . . . . . . . . . . 146timenge (pron.gen.) . . . . . . . . 146timennage (pron.gen.pl.) . . . . 146tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108, 109tin bai ku ˙la e
c
bai . . . . . . . . . 124⟨tin do ˙los hatare
c
⟩ (Geiger) . . 122tin has . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121tindo ˙los . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122tindo ˙los eke
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . 122/tin-ek/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109tineti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124tine
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108, 109tin-guna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125tinsateka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121tinvana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123tirıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115, 116tirıs de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117tirıs de
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117tirıs eke
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117tirıs e
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117tirıs ha has a
c
sateka fasdo ˙las . 121tirıs nuva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117tirıs nuvae
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117tına (pers.pron.) . . . . . . . . . . 150tır . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46-to (quest.partc.) . . . . . . . . . . 189to ˙d ˙du (top.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19to ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 35, 62, 90to ˙lie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . . 90to ˙lın (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62tosi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34to (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255to (quest.partc.) 248, 249, 255, 258tunu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
˙tıcaru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65undagu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31[undagu] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30⟨udagu⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30undagu kuranı . . . . . . . . . . . 187uddan ˙di . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42undoli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20uduhenı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257u ˙du . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 65ufaddanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104ufa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242ufaveri . . . . . . . . . . 48, 53, 104ufaverikan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53ufeddun (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . . . 104ufeddunteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104ungu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65/uk-dan ˙di/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42ukunu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35u ˙le (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214u ˙lefin (1.sg.pret.I) . . . . . . . . . 226u ˙lemu (1.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 230u ˙len (1.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . 36, 230u ˙lenı 36, 181, 182, 200, 206, 214,
226, 230, 232, 234, 235, 237,242
u ˙lenı (part.pres.l.f.) . . . . . . . . 151u ˙levidane (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 232u ˙le (2.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 230u ˙le (2.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 230u ˙le (3.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 230u ˙le (3.sg.pres.) . . . . 214, 230, 233u ˙le (part.pres.) . . . . . . . 200, 242u ˙lunin (1.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 36u ˙lunı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . 206u ˙lunu (part.pret.) . . . . . 130, 206-un (abl.ending) . . . . 59, 62, 100-un (plur.suff.) 74, 90, 91, 102, 139-un (vb.n.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . 196-unu (part.pret.suff.) . . . . . . . 208us . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32uturu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65uxtu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 66-u (1./2.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . 181-u (1.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 177uru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 65-va- (caus.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . 170vad- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . . . 167vade (2.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 173vade (3.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 173vade (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . 173, 213vade (abs.) 167, 212, 213, 215, 230vade u ˙lemu (abs. + 1.pl.pres.) 230vade u ˙len (abs. + 1.sg.pres.) . 230vade u ˙le (abs. + 2.sg.pres.) . . 230vade u ˙le (abs. + 2.pl.pres.) . . 230vade u ˙le (abs. + 3.pl.pres.) . . 230vade u ˙le (abs. + 3.sg.pres.) . . 230vade vade (red.abs.) . . . . . . . 215vadefai (abs.I) . . . . . . . . . . . 227
267Word forms: Standard Dhivehi (Male)
vadefa (abs.I) . . . . . . . . . . . . 227vadegen (abs.III) . . . . . . . . . 227vadelai (abs.II) . . . . . . . . . . . 227vadevidane (3.sg.pot.pres.) 232, 233vadevunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . 237vade (2.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 184vade (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . 167, 184⟨vaduna-⟩ (stem) . . . . . . . . . . 196
va ˙day (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172va ˙day gannavanı . . . . . . . . . . 172/vagut-ek/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . 242vagutu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 65vai . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 68, 103vaigada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103vakaru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249vaki vanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252vaki vı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . 252va ˙li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90, 91va ˙lie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 90va ˙lita
c
(nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 91va ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 65van (2.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 176van (3.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 176van (3.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 176van (part.pret.) . . . 167, 175, 199,
205van- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . . . 167van- (pret.stem) . . . . . . . . . . 167-vana (ord.suff.) . . . . . . 123, 124vanin (1.sg.pret.) . . . . . 167, 176vanı . 40, 75, 149, 151, 158, 161,
200, 208, 210, 215, 230, 232,234-240, 242, 255
vanı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . 167, 199vanımu (1.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . 176vanımu (2.pl.pret.) . . . . . . . . 176vanna (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . 167,
199-201vannama (1.pl.impv.) . . . . . . 184vannamu (1.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . 173vannamu (2.pl.pres.) . . . . . . . 173vannamun (ger.) . . . . . . 167, 197vannan (1.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . 173vannan (inf.) . . . . . . . . 167, 195
vannanı . . 44, 166, 167, 173, 175,181, 205, 213, 228, 230, 232, 234,
235, 237vannanı (part.pres.l.f.) . . . . . 167,
199-201vanna
c
(inf.) . . . . . . 167, 195, 196vannanan (1.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . 177vannanan (1.sg.fut.) . . . 167, 177vannane (2.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . 177vannane (2.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . . 177vannane (3.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . 177vannane (3.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . . 177vannane (part.fut.) . . . . 167, 199vannanı (part.fut.l.f.) . . . 167, 199vanun (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . 167, 196/var-ak-as/ (dat.sg.indef.) . . . . 158varaka
c
(dat.sg.indef.) . . 126, 158vara
c
(adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106vara
c
gina (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . 106/var-ek/ (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 158vare
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 158varu . . . . . . . . . . . 38, 103, 158varugada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103vas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103vasgada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103vasanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206va ˙t ˙tailan (inf.II) . . . . . . . . . . 231va ˙t ˙tanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26vazan kuranı . . . . . . . . . . . . 188va . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 24va (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 200vahaka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90vahakae
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . 90vanan (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . . . . 242vane (3.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . . . . . 242vareduni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47ve (abs.) . . . . . . . . 159, 215, 230veddye (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . . 239vegen (abs.III) . . . . . . . 159, 255vegen (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 255vehen (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194vehese (inf.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 194vehi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38vejje (3.sg.pret.IV) . . . . . 40, 239/vel/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 25veli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36veo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 25
-veri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74, 89veri . . . 54, 74, 75, 103, 104, 124-veri (adj.suff.) . . . . 53, 103, 104veriaku (obl.sg.indef.) . . . . 72, 74-veria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89/-veri-a/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105veria (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . 72, 74verie
c
(nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 74verifarai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74verikan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54, 74verin (nom.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 74verira
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74ves (emph.partc.) . 148, 160, 161,
164, 250-veti (adj.suff.) . . . . 53, 103, 105ve ˙t ˙tenı . . . . . . . . . . 26, 206, 212ve ˙t ˙ti (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212/vev/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25vevidane (3.sg.pot.pres.) . . . . 232vevunu (3.sg.pot.pret.) . . . . . . 237ve (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 215vela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 27ve ˙taru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90ve ˙tarun (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91vi (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 208, 237viduvaru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131vihi . . . . . . . . . . . . 110, 114, 131vihivana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123vikkanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44vilu (kula) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105vina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63vinain (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63vı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131vı (part.pret.l.f.) . . . . . . . . . . 208vıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114-vıs (num.elem.) . . . . . . . . . . 115vo ˙di (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 201-vunu (pot.pret.suff.) . . . 237, 238vure (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106vuren (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106xadimu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133yagın . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49yaumıya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49ya (cond.conj.) . . . . 239, 241, 242yo ˙tu(-doni) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49zınatteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104/zınat-veri/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Old Indic (Sanskrit)
adhástat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49ak ˙si ˙na (instr.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . 61amb´a- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 158-ana- (vb.n.suff.) . . . . . 191, 193-anaka- (vb.n.suff.) . . . . . . . . 191anyá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152, 163√as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168asmá(d)- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130asman (pers.pron.acc.pl.) . . . . 130
asti (3.sg.pres.) 105, 138, 178, 186,208, 224
asıtí- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117a ˙s ˙t´a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109a ˙s ˙t´acatvarimsat- . . . . . . . . . . 118a ˙s ˙t´adasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113a ˙s ˙t´anavati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120a ˙s ˙t´apañcasat- . . . . . . . . . . . . 119a ˙s ˙t´asaptati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
a ˙s ˙t´asıti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120a ˙s ˙t´a ˙sa ˙s ˙ti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119a ˙s ˙t´atrimsat- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118a ˙s ˙t´avimsati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115avanayá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104ava ˙tá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-aya- (caus.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 170ayám (dem.pron.) . . . . . . . . . 137acaryà- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 80
268 Indexes
adityá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20´agata- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 207agatya (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 215ák ˙si- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61amrá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-anam (gen.pl.ending) . . . . 57, 70ánga- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69-apaya- (caus.suff.) . . . . . . . . 170ártha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57ártham (acc.sg.) . . . 57, 191, 192árthaya (dat.sg.) . . . . . . . . 57, 58atm´a (nom.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . 145atmán- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130-aya (dat.ending) . . . . . . . . . 192áyas- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49baddhá- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 204badhirá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21badhn´ati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . 204bahú- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163bandha- (pres.stem, BHS) . . . 204bha ˙n ˙takı- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23bhái ˙sajya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21bháva- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . 208√bhid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204bhinátti (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . 204bhindati (3.sg.pres., BHS) . . . 204bhinná- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 204bhóga- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69√bhu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208bh´umi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26bhutá- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 208bi ˙dala- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97b ˙rhaspatidiva- . . . . . . . . . . . . 37b ˙rhaspativara- . . . . . . . . . . . . 37b´˙rhaspáti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37buddhi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 104candrá- . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 32, 50capala- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 32catu ˙hpañcasat- . . . . . . . . . . . 119catu ˙hsaptati- . . . . . . . . . . . . 119catu ˙h ˙sa ˙s ˙ti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119caturasıti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120caturgu ˙na- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125caturnavati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120catv´ara ˙h (nom.pl.m.) . . . . . . . 109catvarimsát- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116cáturdasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112cáturvimsati- . . . . . . . . . . . . 115cátustrimsat- . . . . . . . . . . . . 118cátuscatvarimsat- . . . . . . . . . 118*ci ˙s ˙ta- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33dattá- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 205√da . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204, 205dádati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 205dása . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110desá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60dhautá- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 206√dhav . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206dhavati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . 206
dhumá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20dís- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60drógha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104dró ˙na- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20dro ˙nı- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20√d ˙rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203d ˙r ˙s ˙tá- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 203duv´adasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122duváu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109duvé . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109*duvevimsati- . . . . . . . . . . . 115dvacatvarimsat- . . . . . . . . . . 118dv´adasa . . . . . . . . . . . . 111, 122dvapañcasat- . . . . . . . . . . . . 118dv´asaptati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119dva ˙sa ˙s ˙ti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119dv´atrimsat- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118dv´avimsati- . . . . . . . . . 114, 115dvé . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109*dvevimsati- . . . . . . . . . . . . 115dvígu ˙na- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125dvinavati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120dvisata- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121dvıpá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 131dvyasıti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119éka- . . . . 69, 109, 113, 121, 122ékacatvarimsat- . . . . . . . . . . 118ekanavati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120ékapañcasat- . . . . . . . . . . . . 118ékasaptati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119éka ˙sa ˙s ˙ti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119ékatrimsat- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118ékavi ˙msati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114ékadasa . . . . . . . . . . . . 111, 122ekasıti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119ekona- (num.elem.) . . . . . . . . 122ekonatrimsat- . . . . . . . . . . . . 115ekonavimsati- . . . . . . . . . . . . 114-ena (instr.ending) . . . . . . . . . 60e ˙sá (dem.pron.) . . . . . . . . . . 137e ˙sá (dem.pron.nom.sg.m.) . . . 137etá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137gadya ˙na- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69√gam . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214, 215ga ˙naya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125ga ˙náyati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . 125gatá- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 207-gatya (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214g´atra- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67gehá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 67gehe (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55ghaná- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162gr´ama- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19g ˙rbhıtá- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 205g ˙rbh ˙n´ati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . 205g ˙rhá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55, 67g ˙rhıtá- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 205g ˙rh ˙n´ati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . 205-gu ˙na- (num.suff.) . . . . . . . . 125
gu ˙ná- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125gu ˙náyati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . 125gutha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68hanmi (1.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 172hanti (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . 172har ˙sa ˙na- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58har ˙sa ˙narthaya (dat.) . . . . . . . . 58hásta- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60hástena (instr.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 60hindola- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20√h ˙r ˙s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58hyá ˙h (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43√i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207idanım (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25ik ˙sú- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42imá- (dem.pron.) . . . . . . . . . 147√indh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204í ˙s ˙taka- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-ita- (part.pret.suff.) 174, 202, 208iti (quot.partc.) . . . . . . . . . . . 258-itva (abs.ending) . . . . . . . . . 211jambu- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60jambudvıpa- (top.) . . . . . . . . . 60janati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 207jávate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27*jhola- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20jıvitá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50√jña . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207-ka- (suff.) . . . . . . . . . . 179, 191karm´ara- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31karó- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . . 208ká- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152ká ˙h púnar (interr.pron.) . . . . . 153kalá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157ká ˙n ˙taka- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23kárman- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 133√khan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203khanati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . 203√khad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208kh´adati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . 208khaditá- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 208khálu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73khatá- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 203√khya . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258, 259kím (interr.pron.) . . . . . . . . . 154kiyat- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50√k ˙r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208krakaca- . . . . . . . . . . 21, 50, 84√krami . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205kr´ı ˙dati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 203k ˙r ˙nó- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . . 208k ˙rtá- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 208k ˙rtv´a (abs.) . . . . . . . . . 215, 238k ˙sudrá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163kuk ˙sí- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60lóhita- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27ma- (pers.pron.stem) . . . . . . . 129maha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106mak ˙sa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
269Word forms: Old Indic (Sanskrit)
man´ak (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54manda- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163mangala- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31ma ˙ní- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137mádhu- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24mádhya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 50mákara- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22mák ˙sika- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 40-mana- (part.med.suff.) . . . . . 197ma ˙nikya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137mitrá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 80m ˙rttika- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 59mudrá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23mu ˙s ˙tí- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26m´u ˙s- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97m´u ˙sika- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97-na- (part.pret.suff.) . . . 202, 204navatí- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117ná (neg.partc.) . . . . . . . . . . . 208naman- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241narikela- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24n´asti (neg.partc. + 3.sg.pres.) 208,
261náva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110, 116ni ˙skramati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . 205ni ˙skranta- (part.pret.) . . . . . . 205n´ıla- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19pañcagu ˙na- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125pañcasaptati- . . . . . . . . 119, 123pañca ˙sa ˙s ˙ti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119pañcasát- . . . . . . . . . . . 116, 123pañcasıti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120pa ˙tala- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35-paya- (caus.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 170√pa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207p´ada- . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 42, 68páñca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 109páñcacatvarimsat- . . . . . . . . . 118páñcadasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112páñcanavati- . . . . . . . . . . . . 120páñcapañcasat- . . . . . . . . . . . 119páñcatrimsat- . . . . . . . . . . . . 118páñcavinsati- . . . . . . . . 115, 122panıya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 59pátra- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67phála- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67pha ˙nita- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26phupphusa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41píba- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . . 207pi ˙s ˙tá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42pıtá- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 207prathamá- . . . . . . . . 36, 37, 123pra ˙naka- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23p ˙r ˙s ˙thá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42púru ˙sa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132rak ˙sa ˙na- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58rak ˙sa ˙narthaya (dat.) . . . . . . . . 58rak ˙sati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 58r´ajan- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
rajyá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39rása- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21ra ˙s ˙travasin- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38ra ˙s ˙trá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38r´atrı- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 67, 68rupá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105√sad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203, 204sahásra- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121samena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70sa ˙mgha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57√sañj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204sañjayati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . 204sanná- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 204saptanavati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120saptapañcasat- . . . . . . . . . . . 119saptasaptati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119sapta ˙sa ˙s ˙ti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119saptatí- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117saptatrimsat- . . . . . . . . . . . . 118saptá . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109saptácatvarimsat- . . . . . . . . . 118saptádasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113saptasıti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120saptávimsati- . . . . . . . . . . . . 115sattvá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58sá ˙mdyati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . 204sámiddha- (part.pret.) . . . . . . 204sáminddhe (3.sg.pres.med.) . . 204sámu ˙dha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162sárva- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58séna- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157senapati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157síndhu- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31s´ıma- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32srótas- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68√stha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203, 243sth´ana- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156sthapayati (3.sg.pres.caus.) 170, 243sthitá- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 203sugandha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32suptá- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 206sukará- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21s´ura- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157s´urya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157suta- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20s´utra- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20√svap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206-sya (gen.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 55satá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121sátru- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 80s ˙rgalá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32s ˙rngavera- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
˙sa ˙dasıti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
˙sa ˙s ˙tí- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
˙sa ˙tcatvarimsat- . . . . . . . . . . . 118
˙sa ˙tsaptati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
˙sa ˙t ˙sa ˙s ˙ti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
˙sádvimsati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
˙sá ˙n ˙navati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
˙sá ˙t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
˙sá ˙tpañcasat- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
˙sá ˙ttrimsat- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
˙só ˙dasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112-ta- (part.pret.suff.) . . . . . 202-207táva (pers.pron.gen.sg.) . . . . . 134-tha (2.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . 183ti ˙s ˙thati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . 203tmán- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145traya ˙hsaptati- . . . . . . . . . . . . 119traya ˙hsa ˙s ˙ti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119trayascatvarimsat- . . . . . . . . . 118trayonavati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120tráya ˙hpañcasat- . . . . . . . . . . 119tráyastrimsat- . . . . . . . . . . . . 118tráyodasa . . . . . . . . . . . 111, 112tráyovimsati- . . . . . . . . . . . . 115tribhír gu ˙nái ˙h (instr.pl.) . . . . . 125trimsát- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116tr´ı ˙ni (nom.pl.ntr.) . . . . . . . . . 109tryasıti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120tuvám (pers.pron.) . . . . . . . . 133-tva (abs.ending) . . . . . . . . . 211tv´a (pers.pron.instr.sg.) . . . . . 134tvám (pers.pron.) . . . . . . . . . 133*uparika- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74unatrimsat- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115unavimsati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113uná- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122vallı- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25vardháyati (3.sg.pres.caus.) . . 172vap´ı- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25vára- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75várdhate (3.sg.pres.med.) . . . . 172vasín- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38v´ata- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68véla- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20vidyút- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131vihara- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157vi-khya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258vikhyata- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258vi-kri ˙na- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . 44vimsatí- . . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 131vırá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131vrajita- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 205*vrañjati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . 173vrájati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 173vrıhí- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131√v ˙rj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173, 205v ˙r ˙nákti (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . 173√v ˙rt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206-ya (abs.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 211yak ˙sá- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3√ya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207-yá- (pass.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . 174y´ama- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49y´ati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . 11, 49, 207y´atra- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
270 Indexes
Middle Indic:
Apabhra ˙msa
a ˙thatalısa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118a ˙t ˙tasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
bi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109chahattari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
tısa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116tısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Pali
amba- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-ana- (vb.n.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 192anga- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69añña- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152asi ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117ası . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117asıti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117-assa (gen.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 57attha ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57atthaya (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57atthi (3.sg.pres.) . . . 138, 186, 224a ˙t ˙tha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109a ˙t ˙thasa ˙t ˙thi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119a ˙t ˙thatalısa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118a ˙t ˙thadasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113a ˙t ˙tharasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113a ˙t ˙thavısati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115aya(s)- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49abhara ˙na- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60acariya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66adaya (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212-ana (part.pres.med.suff.) . . . . 199-ana ˙m (gen.pl.ending) . . . . . . . 70-ape- (caus.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 170baddha- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 204barasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111bavısati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114bhesajja- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50bhinna- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 204bhoga- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69bhumi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 60bhuta- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 208bi ˙lala- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97bi ˙lara- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97buddhi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 104bu ˙d ˙dha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42canda- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 32cattalısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116catta ˙lısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116cattarısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116cattaro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109catuddasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112catuvısa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115cha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109chabbısati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115cha ˙lasıti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120chasa ˙t ˙thi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119cuddasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112daka- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
dasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110dassanaya (dat.sg.vb.n.) . . . . . 192dassati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . 203dani (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25dhovati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . 206dhuma- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20dinna- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 205di ˙t ˙tha- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 203dıpa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 131dıpaka- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131do ˙na- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20duve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109dvadasa . . . . . . . . . . . . 111, 122dvavısa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115dvavısati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115dve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109eka- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109ekatalısa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118ekavısa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114ekadasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111ekarasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111ekunavısa(ti)- . . . . . . . . . . . . 114ga ˙ne- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125gata- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 207gama- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 60geha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67gehena (instr.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 61hattha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60hiyyo (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43idani (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25ima- (dem.pron.) . . . . . . . . . 147jambu- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60jambudıpa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60kakaca- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50, 84kamma(n)- . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 133kammara- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31kara ˙naya (dat.sg.vb.n.) . . . . . 192kata- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 208ka ˙ta- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 208kala- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157khalu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73khanati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . 203khudda- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163kula- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60mahila- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5mahiladıpaka- (top.) . . . . . . 5, 10majjha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 50makara- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22manda- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
ma ˙ni- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137mattika- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26mitta- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66mu ˙t ˙thi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26musika- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97natthi (3.sg.pres.neg.) . . . . . . 208nava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110nama- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241nıla- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19pañca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109pañcadasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112pañcapaññasa . . . . . . . . . . . . 119pañcasattati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119pañcavısa . . . . . . . . . . 115, 122pañcavısati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122paññasa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116pa ˙n ˙narasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112pa ˙n ˙navısati . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115pa ˙n ˙nasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116pa ˙n ˙nuvısa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115parampara- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60parihına- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . 209patta- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67pa ˙tala- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35pa ˙thama- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123pada- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68panıya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25-pe- (caus.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . 170phala- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67pha ˙nita- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26purisa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132ratti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 67, 68ra ˙t ˙thavasin- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38raja (nom.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50rupa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105sahassa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121samena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70sanna- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 204sata- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121satta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109satta- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58sattadasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113sattarasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113sattari- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117sattavısati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115sattu- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66sa ˙t ˙thi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117saya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121sigala- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
271Word forms: Middle Indic: Pali
singivera- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31sıma- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32so ˙lasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112sota(s)- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68sugandha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32suriya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157sutta- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 206sura- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157tava (pers.pron.gen.sg.) . . . . . 134taya (pers.pron.instr.sg.) . . . . 134telasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111te ˙lasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
terasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111tevısa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115tesattati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119tesa ˙t ˙thi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119ti ˙msa(ti)- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116ti ˙n ˙ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109tı ˙ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109tuma- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145tvaya (pers.pron.instr.sg.) . . . . 134
˙thana- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
˙thito- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 203u ˙t ˙thaya (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 212vajati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 173
vara- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75vata- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68vijju- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131vikki ˙na- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . 44vıhi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131vısam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114vısati- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114yakkha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3yama- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49yati (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . 49yatra- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49-yya (cond.conj.) . . . . . . . . . 241
Prakrits
aa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49acchina (instr.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 61amba- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31a ˙n ˙na- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152appa- (refl.pron.) . . . . . . . . . 130appa (refl.pron.nom.) . . . . . . 130-assa (gen.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 57atta- (refl.pron.) . . . . . . . . . . 130atta (refl.pron.nom.) . . . . . . . 130a ˙thattari ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119a ˙t ˙tarasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113a ˙t ˙tha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 117a ˙t ˙thadasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113a ˙t ˙thahattari- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119a ˙t ˙thahattari ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . 119a ˙t ˙tha ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57a ˙t ˙thasa ˙t ˙thi ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119a ˙t ˙thava ˙n ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119a ˙t ˙tha ˙nauim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120a ˙t ˙tharasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113a ˙t ˙thasıi ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120a ˙t ˙thavısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115a ˙t ˙thaya (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57aü ˙navısam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113ava ˙da- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36aya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49aaa- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 207aaria- (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66ada (refl.pron.nom.) . . . . . . . 130agamamına- (part.pres.med.
AMg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197-ana( ˙m) (gen.pl.ending) . . . . . . 70ata (refl.pron.nom.) . . . . . . . . 130-ave- (caus.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 170ayariya- (AMg.JM.) . . . . . . . . 66aya (refl.pron.nom.) . . . . . . . 130bahira- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21bandha- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . 204bahattari- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119baraha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111barasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111basa ˙t ˙thi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
basa ˙t ˙thi ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119bavannam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118bava ˙n ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118bava ˙n ˙nam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118bavattari ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119bavısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114bayalısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109bhesajja- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 50bhinna (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 204bhua- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 208bhumı- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26bhuya- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 208buddhı- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 104bu ˙d ˙dha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42cattalısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116cattaro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109caüddaha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112cauddasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112caüddasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112cauhattari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119cauvvısa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115cavala- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 32calısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116cha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109chappanna ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119chasa ˙t ˙thi ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119chavvısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115chavattari ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119chayalısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118coddaha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112coddasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112daha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110dasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110dhuma- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20dinna- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 205dıva- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131do ˙na- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109do ˙nı- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20duvalasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122duve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
egarasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111ekava ˙n ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118ekka- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109ekka ˙nauim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120ekka ˙nauı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120ekkavısaı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114ekkavısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114ekkarasa . . . . . . . . . . . 111, 118ekkasıi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119ekkavannam . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118ekkava ˙n ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118eï (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 207ekasattarı- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119gaa- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 207gama- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19geha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67hijjo (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43hio (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43igu ˙navısam . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113igu ˙nıvısam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113ima- (dem.pron.) . . . . . . . . . 147-itta (abs.ending) . . . . . . . . . 211i ˙t ˙taga- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20i ˙t ˙ta- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20jatta- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49jai (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49jama- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49jıvi(y)a- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50ka ˙da- (part.pret. AMg.) . . . . . 208kamma(n)- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53kammara- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31ka ˙n ˙taa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23kaya- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 208kha ˙nai (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . 203khu ˙d ˙da- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163lohiya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27macchia- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25mae (pers.pron.instr.sg.) . . . . 129magara- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22mahu- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24majjha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 50manda- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
272 Indexes
ma ˙na (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54ma ˙ni- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137ma ˙t ˙tiya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26mayara- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22maya (pers.pron.instr.sg.) . . . . 129mudda- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23naui ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117nauı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117nava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
˙natthi (3.sg.pres.neg.) . . . . . . 208
˙nama- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241pa ˙dala- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35pañca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109pañcahattarı- . . . . . . . . . . . . 119pañcasa ˙t ˙thi ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . 119pañcattari ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119pañcavanna ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . 119pannarasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112pa ˙navısaı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115pa ˙navısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115pa ˙nayalısa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118pa ˙n ˙naraha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112pa ˙n ˙narasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112pa ˙n ˙nayalısa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118pa ˙n ˙nasa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116patta- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67paa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 68paya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 68phala- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
pha ˙niya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26rasa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21raı- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 68sada- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121sahasa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121sahassa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121sanna- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 204satta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109satta- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58sattadasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113sattahattari ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . 119sattarasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113sattari ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117sattasa ˙t ˙thi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119sattavannam . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119sattalısam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118satta ˙nauim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120sattasıi ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120sattavısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115sa ˙t ˙thı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117savva- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58siyala- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32sıma- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32solaha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113solasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113so ˙lasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112soa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68soya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68suandha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32suara- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
suya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20tae (pers.pron.instr.sg.) . . . . . 134tava (pers.pron.gen.sg.) . . . . . 134teraha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111terasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111tevısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115/tera/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111/teraha/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111/terasa/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111tesa ˙t ˙thim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119tevannam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119teva ˙n ˙na ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119teyalısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118teyası . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120trisa (Niya-Pkt.) . . . . . . . . . . 116-tta (abs.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 211tuha (pers.pron.gen.) . . . . . . . 134vamjai (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . 173vara- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75vaa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68vavı- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25vaya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-ve- (caus.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . 170vikki ˙na- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . 44vimsadi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114vıhi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131vısaï . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114vısam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114vısa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Other Middle Indic varieties
aa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49acchina (instr.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . 61amba- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31a ˙n ˙na- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152appa- (refl.pron.) . . . . . . . . . 130appa (refl.pron.nom.) . . . . . . 130-assa (gen.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 57atta- (refl.pron.) . . . . . . . . . . 130atta (refl.pron.nom.) . . . . . . . 130a ˙thattari ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119a ˙t ˙tarasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113a ˙t ˙tha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 117a ˙t ˙thadasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113a ˙t ˙thahattari- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119a ˙t ˙thahattari ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . 119a ˙t ˙tha ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57a ˙t ˙thasa ˙t ˙thi ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119a ˙t ˙thava ˙n ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119a ˙t ˙tha ˙nauim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120a ˙t ˙tharasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113a ˙t ˙thasıi ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120a ˙t ˙thavısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115a ˙t ˙thaya (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57aü ˙navısam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113ava ˙da- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36aya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
aaa- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 207aaria- (.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66ada (refl.pron.nom.) . . . . . . . 130agamamına- (part.pres.med.
AMg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197-ana( ˙m) (gen.pl.ending) . . . . . . 70ata (refl.pron.nom.) . . . . . . . . 130-ave- (caus.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 170ayariya- (AMg.JM.) . . . . . . . . 66aya (refl.pron.nom.) . . . . . . . 130bahira- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21bandha- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . 204bahattari- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119baraha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111barasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111basa ˙t ˙thi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119basa ˙t ˙thi ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119bavannam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118bava ˙n ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118bava ˙n ˙nam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118bavattari ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119bavısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114bayalısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109bhesajja- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 50bhinna (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 204
bhua- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 208bhumı- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26bhuya- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 208buddhı- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 104bu ˙d ˙dha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42cattalısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116cattaro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109caüddaha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112cauddasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112caüddasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112cauhattari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119cauvvısa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115cavala- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 32calısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116cha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109chappanna ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119chasa ˙t ˙thi ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119chavvısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115chavattari ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119chayalısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118coddaha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112coddasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112daha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110dasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110dhuma- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20dinna- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 205
273Word forms: Other Middle Indic varieties
dıva- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131do ˙na- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109do ˙nı- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20duvalasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122duve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109egarasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111ekava ˙n ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118ekka- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109ekka ˙nauim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120ekka ˙nauı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120ekkavısaı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114ekkavısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114ekkarasa . . . . . . . . . . . 111, 118ekkasıi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119ekkavannam . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118ekkava ˙n ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118eï (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 207ekasattarı- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119gaa- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 207gama- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19geha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67hijjo (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43hio (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43igu ˙navısam . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113igu ˙nıvısam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113ima- (dem.pron.) . . . . . . . . . 147-itta (abs.ending) . . . . . . . . . 211i ˙t ˙taga- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20i ˙t ˙ta- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20jatta- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49jai (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 49jama- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49jıvi(y)a- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50ka ˙da- (part.pret. AMg.) . . . . . 208kamma(n)- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53kammara- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31ka ˙n ˙taa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23kaya- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 208kha ˙nai (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . 203khu ˙d ˙da- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163lohiya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27macchia- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25mae (pers.pron.instr.sg.) . . . . 129magara- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
mahu- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24majjha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 50manda- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163ma ˙na (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54ma ˙ni- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137ma ˙t ˙tiya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26mayara- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22maya (pers.pron.instr.sg.) . . . . 129mudda- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23naui ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117nauı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117nava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
˙natthi (3.sg.pres.neg.) . . . . . . 208
˙nama- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241pa ˙dala- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35pañca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109pañcahattarı- . . . . . . . . . . . . 119pañcasa ˙t ˙thi ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . 119pañcattari ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119pañcavanna ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . 119pannarasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112pa ˙navısaı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115pa ˙navısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115pa ˙nayalısa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118pa ˙n ˙naraha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112pa ˙n ˙narasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112pa ˙n ˙nayalısa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118pa ˙n ˙nasa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116patta- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67paa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 68paya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 68phala- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67pha ˙niya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26rasa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21raı- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 68sada- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121sahasa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121sahassa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121sanna- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 204satta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109satta- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58sattadasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113sattahattari ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . 119sattarasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113sattari ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117sattasa ˙t ˙thi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
sattavannam . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119sattalısam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118satta ˙nauim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120sattasıi ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120sattavısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115sa ˙t ˙thı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117savva- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58siyala- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32sıma- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32solaha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113solasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113so ˙lasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112soa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68soya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68suandha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32suara- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20suya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20tae (pers.pron.instr.sg.) . . . . . 134tava (pers.pron.gen.sg.) . . . . . 134teraha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111terasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111tevısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115/tera/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111/teraha/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111/terasa/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111tesa ˙t ˙thim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119tevannam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119teva ˙n ˙na ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119teyalısa ˙m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118teyası . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120trisa (Niya-Pkt.) . . . . . . . . . . 116-tta (abs.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 211tuha (pers.pron.gen.) . . . . . . . 134vamjai (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . 173vara- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75vaa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68vavı- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25vaya- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-ve- (caus.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . 170vikki ˙na- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . 44vimsadi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114vıhi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131vısaï . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114vısam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114vısa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Modern Indo-Aryan languages:
Assamese
bara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 pondara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112tera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
trix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Bengali
a ˙tasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120bara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
bha ˙ta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23cabbis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
chabbıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115chiyasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
274 Indexes
codda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112curanabbai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120egara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111ekanai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
ekasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119ekattar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119panera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112ponera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
tera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111tetrıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118tris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116unis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Gujarati
a ˙rtrıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118batrıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118chattrıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118chavvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115pacyası . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
panara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112pañjahatari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119sattavıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115satyası . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
so ˙l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113tera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111tetris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118trıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116vıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Hindi / Urdu
a ˙tharah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113a ˙t( ˙t)hası . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120-a (part.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 218ana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222bahattar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119bai ˙thna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222bayalıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118bayası . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119baz (Urdu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66baıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 114barah . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 111bara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111bıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114calna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222caubıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115caudah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112cauhattar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119caurası . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120chabbıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
chiyanawe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120chiyası . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120ci ˙t ˙thı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33dasguna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125dena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222duguna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
˙dalna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222ekanwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125guna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125hindol(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20igarah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110ik-hattar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119ikkaıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114ı ˙t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20jana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222kamugati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19le ana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224le jana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224lena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
mehman (Urdu) . . . . . . . . . . . 91naragı (Urdu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66nikalna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222pahumcna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222pandrah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112pa ˙rna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222pana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222rakhna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222satası . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120satrah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113solah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113sola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113-ta (part.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 218terah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111tiguna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125tihattar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119tıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116un(n)ıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113u ˙thna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Marathi
bahattar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119bavıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115bevıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115caurehattar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119caurya ˙n ˙nav . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
cauryası . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120eko ˙nıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113eku ˙nıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113eku ˙nvıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
pacyası . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120so ˙la . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113teıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115tera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111vıs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Nepali
bayasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119cauhattar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
ekais . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 tera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111tihattar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Oriya
bara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111bayaasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119caüra ˙lisa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118chaasa ˙thi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
chayalisa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118chayanabe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120egara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111ekasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119pañca ˙lısa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
tera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111teyaasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120teyalisa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118trisa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
275Word forms: Panjabi
Panjabi
akahat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119a ˙thaha ˙t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
baha ˙t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119bia ˙nve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
satar˜a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113vañj ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Sindhi
chaha ˙thi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 ekaha ˙t ˙thi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119jjato . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
sataha ˙thi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Sinhalese
-∅ (3.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 175amba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 158ambu- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 158andinava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204anga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69-aha (gen./dat.ending) . . . . 57, 58-aha ˙t (dat.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 58-ak (indef.suff.) . . . . . . . 71, 108-ak (indef.suff.fem.) . . 71, 73, 74-ak (indef.suff.inanim.) . . . . . . 74-ak (indef.suff.ntr.) . . . . . . 71, 73-ak (indef.suff.ntr.obl.) . . . 71, 73-aka (indef.suff.fem.obl.) . . 71, 73-aku (indef.suff.masc.obl.) . 71, 73ambara ˙nin (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 60ammavaru (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-an (plur.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 70an- (pron.adj.) . . . . . . . 152, 163-ana (gen.pl.ending) . . . . . 57, 70-ana ˙t (dat.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . 58anik- (pron.adj.) . . . . . . . . . . 163anika (pron.adj.) . . . . . . . . . . 152anikı (pron.adj.) . . . . . . . . . . 152-anna ˙t (inf.ending) . . . . . . . . 191-anna ˙ta (inf.ending) . . . . . . . 191-anu (inf.ending) . . . . . . . . . 192-anuva ˙ta (inf.ending) . . . . . . . 191anu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117anuva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117apa (pers.pron.obl.) . . . . . . . . 130api (pers.pron.) . . . . . . . . . . . 130ara- (dem.pron.) . . . . . . . . . . 146ara-gannava . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224ara ˙m (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224aran-äti (abs. + 3.sg.pres.) . . . 224-asa (gen./dat.ending) . . . . 57, 58asa (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212asu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117asuva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117ata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130-ataye (dat.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . 57atin (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-a ˙t (dat.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . . 58a ˙ta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 125-a ˙ta (dat.ending) . . . . . . . . 57, 58a ˙ta ˙loha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113a ˙ta ˙los- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
a ˙ta ˙losa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113a ˙tara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113a ˙tarasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113-a ˙taya (dat.ending) . . . . . . . . . 57a ˙ten (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125a ˙ten pa ˙mguva . . . . . . . . . . . . 125a ˙ten tunpa ˙mguva . . . . . . . . . 125avud (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215avuj (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215avut (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215-ay (abs.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 212-aya (abs.ending; Sinh.Pkt.) . . 211-a (abs.ending) . . . . . . . 212, 213-a (def.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69a (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207ap (pers.pron.) . . . . . . . . . . . 130a-pu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 223-ä (gen.ending) . . . . . . . . . 55, 57-ä (loc.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . . 57ändi (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 204äduru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66äha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61ähi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-än (abl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 61-äna (abl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 61-äni (abl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 61äs- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61äsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61äsin (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60äta (3.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . 138, 208äti (3.sg.pres.) 105, 138, 178, 186,
208, 224ävit (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215¯a (pers.pron.f.) . . . . . . . 139, 148bada (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 204badina (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 199bandinava . . . . . . . . . . 204, 223bahinava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201bala (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 183bala-bala (red.abs.) . . . . . . . . 215balala (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224balamha (1.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . 183balamin (ger.) . . . . . . . . . . . 218balan (inf.) . . . . . . . . . 191, 193balana- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178balana (part.pres.) . . . . . 179, 199balana ˙ta (inf.) . . . . 191-193, 195
balanava . . . . 189, 191, 224, 241balanna ˙ta (inf.) . . . . . . . 191, 195balanna (part.pres.subst.) . . . . 179balannaha (3.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . 179balannahu (2.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . 179balannehi (2.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . 179balannem (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . 179balannemi (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . 179balannemu (1.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . 179balanne (3.sg.fut.) . . . . . . . . . 179balanno (3.pl.fut.) . . . . . . . . . 179balan ˙ta (inf.) . 191, 193, 195, 241balanu (inf.) . . . . . . . . . 191, 193balav (2.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 183balava (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . . . 183balay (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212bala (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . 212, 218balapalla (2.pl.impv.) . . . . . . 189balapan (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . . 189balapiya (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . . 189balapiyav (2.pl.impv.) . . . . . . 189ba ˙lal- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97ba ˙lala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97bara . . . . . . . . . . . 61, 111, 122barin (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61ba ˙tu- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23bagaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125bända (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213bända-damanava . . . . . . . . . . 224bända-gannava . . . . . . . . . . . 223bälilla (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 196bälıma (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . 196bälma (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 196bälu (part.pret.) . . . . . . 174, 202bäluma (vb.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . 196bäluvem (1.sg.pret.) . . . . . . . 179bändä (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213behed- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 50beheda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 50behet- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 50beheta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 50bindinava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204bihiri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21bik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28bim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26bimä (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57bimin (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
276 Indexes
bı (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215bı (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 207bıpu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 223bıri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21bonava . . . . . . . . . . . . 207, 223brahaspatinda . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37b ˙rhaspatinda . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37bun (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 204damba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60dambadiva (top.) . . . . . . . . . . 60daha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110, 121daha-a ˙ta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113daha-hata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113daha-hatara . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112daha-nama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114daha-namaya . . . . . . . . . . . . 114daha-nava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114daha-navaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114dahas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121dahasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121daha-saya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113daha-tun- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111daha-tuna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111dakinava . . . . . . . . 203, 223, 224dakinu (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223dama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28damanava . . . . . . . . . . 184, 224danimi (1.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . 172danmi (1.sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . 172dannava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207dannu (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223dasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110, 121dat (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 207danava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224das . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121däka-däka (red.abs.) . . . . . . . 215däka-gannu (inf.) . . . . . . . . . 223däkala (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 224däka-piyanava . . . . . . . . . . . 223däkä (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . 213, 224dän (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 250däna-gannu (inf.) . . . . . . . . . 223de-gu ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125deka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109dekak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108denava . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 223dena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108de ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27depa ˙ta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125des- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60desa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60desen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60desin (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60de-tun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125devarak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125devisi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115devissa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115devuva (pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 206dialla (2.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 189
diva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131divayina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131divi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50divu- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131divu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 202divu- (pret.stem) . . . . . . . . . . . 27diyan (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 189diyen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60dı (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215dıpalla (2.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . . 189dıpan (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 189dıpiya (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . . . 189dı-piyanava . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223dıpiyav (2.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . 189do ˙laha . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111, 122do ˙los- . . . . . . 110, 111, 113, 122dovanava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206dum- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19duma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19dun (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 205du ˙tu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 203duva- (pres.stem) . . . . . . . . . . 27duvanava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202dupata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131duva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131dvi-gu ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125dvıpaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131e- (dem.pron.) . . . . . . . 137, 147-e (nom.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 69-ehi (gen./loc.ending) . . . . . . . 56ek- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 124-ek (indef.suff.) . . . . 69, 71, 163-ek (indef.suff.anim.) . . . . . . . 74-ek (indef.suff.masc.) . . . . 71, 73-ek (indef.suff.ntr.) . . . . . . 71, 73eka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109ekak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108eko ˙los- . . . . . . . . . 110, 111, 113ekuntis- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115ekuntisa . . . . . . . . . . . . 115, 116ekunvisi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114ekunvissa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114ekvisi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114ekvissa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114-en (abl.ending) . . . . . . . . 60, 61-ena (abl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 61enava . . . . . . . . . . 207, 223, 224-eni (abl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 61-enu (inf.ending) . . . . . . . . . 192eya (pers.pron.ntr.) . . . . . . . . 148eya (pers.pron.) . . . . . . . . . . 139eya (pers.pron.m.) . . . . . 139, 148e- (dem.pron.) . . . . 137, 146, 147-e (gen./loc.ending) . . . . . . 56, 57-ga (2.sg.impv.ending) . . . . . 183gam- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19gama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19gama ˙t (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58gamä (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
game (gen./loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . 56gannava . . 201, 207, 223-225, 227ga ˙ninava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125gat- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67gat (part.pret.) . . . . . . . 205, 207gava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100gaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67gämin (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60ge (postpos.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56-gen (abl.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 61gena (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . 213, 225gena-enava . . . . . . . . . 224, 230gena-gihilla (abs.) . . . . . . . . . 225gena-yanava . . . . . . 224, 225, 229gena-giyapu (abs. + 3.sg.pret.) 225genenava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224geniyanava . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224geya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55geyi (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55ge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67-ge (gen.ending) . . . . . . . . 55, 56genava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224gihilla (abs.) . . . . . 224, 225, 241gihilla äti (abs. + 3.sg.pres.) . . 224gihin (abs.) . . . . . . 214, 224, 225giya- (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 207giya (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 241giya (pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225gohin (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214gos (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . 214, 215gosin (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214gotanu (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224gota-lanu (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . 224goviya-ge (loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . 55-gu ˙na (num.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 125gu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68ha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109-ha (3.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 175handa . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 32, 50handinava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204hat- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109hata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109hatalis- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116hata ˙lis- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116hatara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109hataren pa ˙mguva . . . . . . . . . 125hataru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109haturu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66-ha ˙ta (dat.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 58hav- (pron.adj.) . . . . . . . . . . . 58haya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109händi (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 204hätt¯a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117hä ˙ta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117-hi (2.sg.ending) . . . . . . 168, 175-hi (gen.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 55hindinava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204hima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32hira- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
277Word forms: Sinhalese
hiri- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157hiru- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157hi ˙ta-pu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 223hi ˙ti (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 203hi ˙tinava . . . . . . 44, 203, 223, 224hi ˙tinu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 205hivala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32hot (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 206hovinava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205hoya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68hodanava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223hoda-gannava . . . . . . . . . . . . 223honava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205hu- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-hu (2.pl.ending) . . . 168, 175, 183-hu (gen.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 55huya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20hura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20huru- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-i (abs.ending) . . . . . . . 211, 212indinava . . . . . . . . . . . 204, 224idolu-va . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20ingu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42inguru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31ik- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-illa (vb.n.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . 196ima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-in (abl.ending) . . . . . . . . 60, 61-in (plur.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-ina (abl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 61-ini (abl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 61innava . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204, 224ira- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157iri- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157iru- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157-ı (part.pret.suff.) . . . . . 202, 208-ıma (vb.n.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . 196ıye (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-k (indef.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 69kamburu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31ka ˙daya (abs.; Sinh.Pkt.) . . . . . 211kal- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157, 255kala (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255ka ˙la (part.pret.) . . . . . . . 36, 208kam- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133kama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 133kanavaya (abs.; Sinh.Pkt.) . . . 211kanava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208kaninava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203⟨ka ˙ninava⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203kapa-kapa (red.abs.) . . . . . . . 215kapa-kapa unim (red.abs. + 1.
sg.pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225kapamin indim (ger. + 1.sg.
pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225kapamin unim (ger. + 1.sg.
pres.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225kapannemi (1.sg.fut.) . . . . . . 179kapa-damanava . . . . . . . . . . 224
kara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61kara (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . 215, 238karanava . . . . . . . . . . . 238, 255karan ˙ta (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 241karanu (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214karavaya (abs.; Sinh.Pkt.) . . . 211karava-piyanu (inf.) . . . . . . . 223karay (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212ka ˙tu (abs., Sinh.Pkt.) . . . . . . . 215ka ˙tu-va . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23ka (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215kämiyan keren (abl.pl.) . . . . . . 61kämiyan (obl.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 61känna (pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 203k¯a (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 208ke ˙la (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 208ke ˙li (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 203ke ˙linava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203keren (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61ke ˙tu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 202ki-kala (interr.pron.) . . . . . . . 157kiyanna ˙ta (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . 184kiyat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50kiyat- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50kiyata (nom.sg.) . . . . . . . . . . . 50kiyapalla (2.pl.impv.) . . . . . . 189kiyapan (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . . 189kiyapiya (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . 189kiyapiyav (2.pl.impv.) . . . . . . 189ko ˙t (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215ko ˙ta (abs.) . . . 214, 215, 238, 255ko ˙ta (conj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255ko ˙tanava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202ko ˙tu (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215kudu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163ku ˙da . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163kulen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60kuma- (interr.pron.stem) . . . . 159kumak- (interr.pron.) . . . . . . . 159kuma ˙t (interr.pron.dat.) . . . . . 159kuma ˙ta (interr.pron.dat.) . . . . 159kusen (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60kusin (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60lamaya (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . 241lanava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224-226la (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224-la (abs.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 225lehe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27liyanava . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 223liya-pu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 223lı (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 224-lı (part.pret.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 225lu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 224-lu (part.pret.suff.) . . . . . . . . 225-m (1.sg.ending) . . . . . . 168, 175-ma (emph.partc.) . . . . . . . . . 161manda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163magul-a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
mangul-a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31maha- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106maharad’ha ˙t (dat.) . . . . . . . . . 58maha-sangna ˙t (dat.pl.) . . . . . . . 58male (gen./loc.) . . . . . . . . . . . 56mama (pers.pron.) . . . . . . . . 241ma ˙ta (pers.pron.dat.) . . . . . . . 241ma- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106ma (pers.pron.obl.) . . . . . . . . 129mäda . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 50, 163mähi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 40mä ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137mä ˙nik- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137mä ˙nika . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137mäsi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 40mässa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40mä ˙ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26mä ˙ti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59me- (dem.pron.) . . . . . . . . . . 147mehe-karuvan ˙ta (dat.pl.) . . . . . 58men (adv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70me- (dem.pron.) . . . . . . 146, 147-mha (1.pl.ending) . . . . 168, 175-mi (1.sg.ending) . . . . . 168, 175-min (ger.suff.) . . . . . . . 197, 218miniha (nom.sg.def.) . . . . . . . . 71minihek (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . 71minisna ˙t (dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . 58mi ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137mit- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66miturana ˙ta (dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . 58mituru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66mi ˙ti- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 137mı- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 97mıya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97-mo (1.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . 175mora- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-mu (1.pl.ending) . . . . . 168, 175mudu- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23mu ˙lu (pron.adj.) . . . . . . . . . . 162muvara- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-na (part.pres.suff.) . . . . . . . . 199nam- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241nam (cond.conj.) . . . . . . . . . 241nama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71, 241nama- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110namak (nom.sg.indef.) . . . . . . . 71namaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110na ˙tu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24na ˙tuva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24nava- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110navaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110-na (inf.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 192nät (3.sg.pres.neg.) . . . . . . . . 208näti (3.sg.pres.neg.) . . . . . . . . 208nä ˙tu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 202-nen (abl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 61-ni (abl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 61nikmavanava . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
278 Indexes
nikmenava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205nikut (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 205nil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19nimavay (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . 212nimava (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 212nuvara (obl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 241ona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104ot (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 206oya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68oya- (dem.pron.) . . . . . . 146, 147o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68o- (dem.pron.) . . . . . . . 146, 147paha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109paha ˙loha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112paha ˙los- . . . . . . . . . . . 112, 113paha ˙losa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112pala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67palla (2.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 223-palla (impv.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 189pallı- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43pallıva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43pa ˙lamu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123pa ˙lamuveni . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124pa ˙lamuveniya . . . . . . . . . . . . 124pa ˙laveni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124pa ˙mguva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125pan (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . . . . . 223-pan (impv.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 189panaha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116panas . . . . . . . . . . 110, 116, 123panasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116-panna (impv.suff.) . . . . . . . . 189pansalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118pa ˙nara . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110, 112pa ˙nuva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 35papu- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41parapuren (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 60pas- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109pasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109pasvisi- . . . . . . . . . 110, 115, 122pasvissa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115pat- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67pata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67paya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68pa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 68pän . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 59päni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 35pä ˙ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 35penena (part.pres.) . . . . . . . . 199peni-penı (red.abs.) . . . . . . . . 216pipenava . . . . . . . . . . . 212, 224pipila (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224pipı (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212pirihun (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 209pirihu ˙nu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 209pirimi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132pi ˙ta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42pi ˙ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42piya (2.sg.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 223
-piya (impv.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 189-piyan (impv.suff.) . . . . . . . . 189piyanava . . . . . . . . . . . . 223-225piyanu (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189piyav (2.pl.impv.) . . . . . . . . . 224-piyav (impv.suff.) . . . . . . . . 189-piyava (impv.suff.) . . . . . . . 189pı (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 223, 224-pı (part.pret.suff.) . . . . . . . . 225pupphusa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41puris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132pu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 223, 224-pu (part.pret.suff.) . . . . . . . . 225rad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50rada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50⟨raja⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50rat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50ra ˙taväsi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37ra ˙taväsiya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37ra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21räya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68r¯a- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 68ruva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105ru- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105sa- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109sanda . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 32, 50sanga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 57⟨sagaha a ˙taya⟩ (dat.) . . . . . . . . 57⟨sagaha a ˙taye⟩ (dat.) . . . . . . . . 57sagaha ˙ta (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 58⟨sagaha ˙ta⟩ (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . 57*saga ˙ta (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57*saga ˙taya (dat.) . . . . . . . . . . . 57sahasa- (Sinh.Pkt.) . . . . . . . . 121sat- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58, 109satalis- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116sata ˙lis- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116sata ˙los- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113satana ˙ta (dat.pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 58satara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109satar(a)visi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115satar(a)vissa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115sata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58, 109saturu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66sav- (pron.adj.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 58sava satana ˙ta (dat.) . . . . . . . . . 58savisi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115savissa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115saya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109salis- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116sa ˙lis- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116sätt¯a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117sä ˙ta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117sävula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 32sen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157senevi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157senevirada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157sidu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31sindu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
sima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32si ˙tinava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224sivala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32siya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121siyaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121so ˙lasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112so ˙los- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112, 113so ˙losa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112soya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68so . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68suvanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-t (2.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . 168tabanava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243tama (refl.pron.) . . . . . . . . . . 145tan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156ta (pers.pron.obl.) . . . . . 133, 134tä ˙lu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . 202te-gu ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125te ˙les- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111te ˙lesa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111temi (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . 209temu ˙nu (part.pret.) . . . . 175, 209tera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 111tevarak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125tevisi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115tevissa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115-ti (2.pl.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 168tibanava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243tibenava . . . . 212, 225, 241, 243tibenu (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225tibı (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212tibu ˙na (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . 241tiha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116tis- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116tisa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116tiyenava . . . . . . . . 212, 225, 243to (pers.pron.) . . . . . . . . . . . 133tri-gu ˙na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125tudus- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112tudusa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112tuma (refl.pron.) . . . . . . . . . . 145tun- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109tuna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109tunak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108tundena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108tunpa ˙ta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125tunveniya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124- ˙ta (dat.ending) . . . . . 57, 58, 191-u (gen.ending) . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-u (part.pret.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 208ugu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42uk- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42uk-da ˙n ˙da . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42u ˙lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20u ˙lu kä ˙taya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-uma (vb.n.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 196un (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 204-un (plur.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-u ˙nu (part.pret.suff.) . . . . . . . 208
279Word forms: Sinhalese
ura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20uru- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-v (2.pl.impv.ending) . . . . . . 183-va (2.pl.impv.ending) . . . . . . 183-va (2.sg.impv.ending) . . . . . 183-va- (caus.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . 170vadanakı (nom.sg. + foc.
marker? Sinh.Pkt.) . . . . . . 73vadinava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205vadinu (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172vadna (inf.) . . . . . . 172, 192, 196va ˙danava . . . . . . . . 172, 201, 206va ˙la . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35van (part.pret.) . . . . . . . 175, 205-vana (ord.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . 123-vanna (ord.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 123vaña ˙nu (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 173-varu (plur.suff.) . . . . . . . . . . . 74-varun (plur.suff.gen.) . . . . . . . 74vasanava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200va ˙t ˙tanı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206vavula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
va- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68vä (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215väl- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25väsiya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38vä ˙tenava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206väv- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25vehera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157venava . . . . . . . . . . . . 208, 237-veni (ord.suff.) . . . . . . 123, 124vidu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131virenava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224virı-yanu (abs. + part.pret.) . . 224viru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131visi- . . . . . . . . . . . 110, 114, 131visi-de- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115visi-deka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115visi-ek- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114visi-eka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114visi-nama- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116visi-namaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116visi-nava- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116visi-navaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116vissa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 131
viya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131vı- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131vı (abs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215-vu (2.pl.ending) . . . . . . 168, 183vu ˙nu (part.pret.) . . . . . . 209, 237vuu kali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73vu (part.pret.) . . . . . . . . 208, 237-y (3.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 168ya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49-yahu (gen.ending) . . . . . . . . . 55yaka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-yalla (impv.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 189yam (rel.pron.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 52yama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49-yan (impv.suff.) . . . . . . . . . 189yanava 11, 49, 207, 214, 224, 225,
241yanu (inf.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189yaturu- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49ya ˙ta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49-yi (2.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 168-yi (3.sg.ending) . . . . . . . . . . 168
Other Modern Indo-Aryan languages
Hindki jjata . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207Hindki jja ˙nia . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Konkani pha ˙la . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Lahnda jata . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207Lahnda vañja ˙n . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Arabic
u˘ht . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 66
adab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104amana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104amanat (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104ahl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90bazar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45baqin . . . . . . . . . . 154, 155, 160bamia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89bamiat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89badal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164badala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164billaurı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42ballurı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136⟨beyk⟩ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136tarı
˘h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
targamat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37taclım . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107, 149taqwa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
˙haraka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
˙harakat (pl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
˙hisab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
˙hasad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
˙Hasan (p.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
˙Husain (p.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
˙haqıqı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 103
˙hayat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
˘hadim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 133
˘hadima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45duca
c
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81al-dıbagat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
¯dıbat al-ma ˙hal . . . . . . . . . . . . 5ra ˙hmat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81zınat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104su
c
al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Sali ˙h (p.n.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116sirr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43šay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68šukr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
šahıd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
˙surat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90, 148cadat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20cilm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36faqır . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 54, 103fikr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 138qa ˙sd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36qamı ˙s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33mudarris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42mausim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33makka (top.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60muwa ˙z ˙zaf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42na ˙sıb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104na ˙sı ˙hat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25higrat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59wazn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188waqt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37yaqın . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49yaumıyat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Persian
alu-boxara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45baz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 66bazar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45bagca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 88bamiya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89taza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 103
tayyar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42gadu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67cay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68šahıd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91mehman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
mıva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88nareng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66narangı . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66naring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66namaz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45hafta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 89
280 Indexes
Other languages
Engl. ananas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Engl. cigarette . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Engl. order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Engl. screw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Engl. secretary . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Engl. to hammer . . . . . . . . . 219Engl. toddy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Engl. waiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Engl. yacht . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Fr. chez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Germ. gelegen . . . . . . . . . . . 203Lat. casa (abl.) . . . . . . . . . . . 131Lat. hic . . . . . 146, 147, 149, 150Lat. ille . . . . . 137, 139, 146, 147,
149, 150Lat. iste . . . . . 136, 139, 146, 147,
149, 150PIE: *-mh1no- (part.med.suff.) 197Pol. pan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Pol. pani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Russ. bagrit’ (ipfv.) . . . . . . . 221Russ. govorit’ (ipfv.) . . 216, 220Russ. mazat’ (ipfv.) . . . . . . . 220Russ. namazat’ (pfv.) . . . . . . 220Russ. napisat’ (pfv.) . . . . . . . 220Russ. narisovat’ (pfv.) . . . . . . 220Russ. nažat’ (pfv.) . . . . . . . . 220Russ. obagrit’ (pfv.) . . . . . . . 221
Russ. obagrjat’ (ipfv.) . . . . . . 221Russ. otkryt’ (pfv.) . . . . . . . . 216Russ. otkryvat’ (ipfv.) . . . . . . 216Russ. pisat’ (ipfv.) . . . . . . . . 220Russ. podzabyt’ (pfv.) . . . . . . 220Russ. porabotat’ (pfv.) . . . . . 220Russ. prorabotat’ (pfv.) . . . . . 220Russ. rabotat’ (ipv.) . . . . . . . 220Russ. risovat’ (ipfv.) . . . . . . . 220Russ. skazat’ (pfv.) . . . . . . . . 216Russ. zabyt’ (pfv.) . . . . . . . . 220Russ. zagovorit’ (pfv.) . . . . . 220Turk. beg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Turk. bey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
