Wien Seminar Ski Rad

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"Wien" redirects here. For other uses, seeWien (disambiguation).

This article is about the capital of Austria. For other uses, seeVienna(disambiguation).

Vienna

Wien

Flag

Seal

Coat of arms

Vienna
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Location of Vienna in Austria

Coordinates: 481232N162221E

Country Austria

State Wien

Government

- Brgermeister Michael Hupl(SP)

- Vizebrgermeisterin Maria Vassilakou(Die Grnen)

Area

- City 414.89 km2 (160.2 sq mi)

- Land 395.50 km2 (152.7 sq mi)

- Water 19.39 km2 (7.5 sq mi)

Elevation 151(Lobau)542(Hermannskogel) m

(4951,778 ft)

Population (2010)

- City 1,712,903

- Density 4,128.6/km2 (10,693/sq mi)

-Urban 1,983,836

-Metro ca. 2,419,000

Statistik Austria,[1]VCMobilitt mit Zukunft[2]

Time zone CET(UTC+1)

- Summer (DST) CEST(UTC+2)

Website www.wien.at
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Vienna(German:Wien) is the capital of theRepublic of Austriaandone of the ninestates of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, witha population of about 1.7 million (2.4 million within themetropolitanarea more than 25% of Austria's population), and is by far the largest

city in Austria, as well asits cultural,economic, andpoliticalcentre. Itis the10th-largest cityby population in theEuropean Union. Vienna ishost to many majorinternational organizations, such as theUnitedNationsandOPEC.

Vienna lies in the east of Austria and is close to the borders oftheCzech Republic,Slovakia, andHungary. These regions worktogether in a EuropeanCentropeborder region. Along withnearbyBratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 millioninhabitants, and this region is referred to as Twin City. In 2001, thecity centre was designated aUNESCO World Heritage Site.

In a 2005 study of 127world cities, theEconomist IntelligenceUnitranked the city first (in a tie withVancouver, Canada) forqualityof life.This assessment was mirrored by theMercer Surveyin 2009and 2010.Analytically, the city was ranked 1st globally for a culture ofinnovation in 2007 and 2008, and 2nd globally afterBostonin 2009from 256 cities on an analysis of 162 indicators in theInnovationCities Indexon a 3-factor score covering culture, infrastructure andmarkets.[8]As a city, Vienna regularly hostsurbanplanningconferences and is often used as a case study by urbanplanners.[9]

The city rates highly in popular opinion-based journalistic rankingsfrom magazines such asMonocle, where it is rated 8th among the"Top 25 Livable Cities" in 2010.[10]

[edit]NameSee alsoOther names of Vienna

The English name Vienna, the official German name Wien, and thenames of the city in most languages, are thought to be derived fromtheCelticword "windu", meaning bright or fair as in the Irish "fionn"

but opinions vary on the precise origin. Some claim that the namecomes fromVedunia, meaning "forest stream," which subsequentlybecame Venia, Wienne and Wien. Others claim that the name comes
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from the Roman settlementVindobona, probably meaning "whitebase/bottom," which became Vindovina, Vde (Czech) and Wien.[11]

The name of the city in Hungarian (Bcs),Bosnian, Croatian and

Serbian (Be

) andOttoman Turkish(Be) appears to have adifferent,Slavonicorigin.[12]In Slovene, the city is called Dunaj, whichin other Slavic languages means theDanube River, on which it islocated.

[edit]History

Main article:History of Vienna

Vienna in 1493 (from theNuremberg Chronicle).

Evidence of continuous habitation has been found since 500 BC,when the site of Vienna on the Danube River was settled by theCelts.In 15 BC, theRomansfortified the frontier city they calledVindobona,to guard the empire againstGermanic tribesto the north.

Close ties with other Celtic peoples continued down through the ageswith such figures as the eighth-century Irish monks like Saint Colman(or Koloman), who is buried in Melk Abbey and Saint Fergil (Virgil theGeometer) who was Bishop of Salzburg for forty years, to the twelfthcentury monastic settlements founded by Irish Benedictines. Echoes

of that time are still evident in Vienna's great Schottenstift monastery,once home to many Irish monks.
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In the 13th century, Vienna came under threat from theMongolianEmpire, which stretched over much of present-day Russia and China.Due to the death of their leaderOgedei Khan, the Mongolian armiesretreated from the European frontier and did not return.

During theMiddle Ages, Vienna was home to theBabenbergdynasty;in 1440, it became the resident city of theHabsburgdynasties. Iteventually grew to become the capital of theHoly Roman Empireanda cultural centre for arts and science, music and finecuisine.Hungaryoccupied the city between 14851490.

In the 16th and 17th centuries, theOttomanarmies were stoppedtwice outside Vienna (seeSiege of Vienna, 1529 andBattle of Vienna,

1683).Plagueepidemic ravaged Vienna in 1679, killing nearly a thirdof its population.[13]

[edit]Austro-Hungarian Empire

Vienna map, 177381

In 1804, during theNapoleonic wars, Vienna became the capital oftheAustrian Empireand continued to play a major role in Europeanand world politics, including hosting the 1814Congress of Vienna.

After theAustro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, Vienna remainedthe capital of what was then theAustro-Hungarian Empire. The citywas a centre of classical music, for which the title of theFirstViennese Schoolis sometimes applied.
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View of Vienna in 1758, byBernardo Bellotto

During the latter half of the 19th century, the city developed what hadpreviously been thebastionsandglacisinto theRingstrae, anewboulevardsurrounding the historical town and a major prestige

project. Former suburbs were incorporated, and the city of Viennagrew dramatically. In 1918, after World War I, Vienna became capitalof theFirst Austrian Republic.

From the late 19th century to 1938, the city remained a centre of highculture andmodernism. A world capital of music, the city played hostto composers such asBrahms,Bruckner,MahlerandRichard Strauss.The city's cultural contributions in the first half of the 20th centuryincluded, amongst many, theViennaSecessionmovement,psychoanalysis, theSecond Viennese School,the architecture ofAdolf Loosand the philosophy ofLudwigWittgenstein. Within Austria, it was seen as a centre of socialistpolitics, for which it was sometimes referred to as "Red Vienna". Thecity was a stage to theAustrian Civil Warof 1934, whenChancellorEngelbert Dollfusssent theAustrian Armyto shell civilianhousing occupied by the socialist militia.

[edit]The Anschluss and World War II
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Vienna in 1900

In 1938, after a triumphant entry into Austria,Adolf Hitlerspoke to theAustrian people from the balcony of the Neue Burg, a part of

theHofburgat theHeldenplatz. Between 1938 (seeAnschluss) andthe end of the Second World War, Vienna lost its status as a capital toBerlin.

On 2 April 1945, the Soviets launched theVienna Offensiveagainstthe Germans holding the city and besieged it. British and American airraids and artillery duels between theWehrmachtand theRedArmycrippled infrastructure, such as tram services and water andpower distribution, and destroyed or damaged thousands of public

and private buildings. Vienna fell two weeks later. Austria wasseparated from Germany, and Vienna was restored as the republic'scapital city.

[edit]Four-power Vienna

Occupation zones in Vienna, 194555

After the war, Vienna was surrounded by the Soviet-occupied zone.As in Berlin, Vienna was divided into sectors by the four powers andsupervised by anAllied Commission. The four-power occupation ofVienna differed in one key respect from that of Berlin: the central areaof the city, known as the first district, constituted an international zonein which the four powers alternated control on a monthly basis.TheBerlin Blockadeof 1948 raised allied concerns that the Russiansmight repeat the blockade in Vienna. The matter was raised in theUKHouse of Commons,

There were a lack of airfields in the Western sectors, and authoritiesdrafted contingency plans to deal with such a blockade. Plans

included the laying down of metal landing mats at Schnbrunn. TheSoviets did not embark on a wholesale blockade of the city. Some
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historians have argued that thePotsdam Agreementincluded writtenrights of land access to the western sectors, whereas no such writtenguarantees had covered the western sectors of Berlin. During the 10years of the four-power occupation, Vienna became a hot-bed for

international espionage between the Western and Eastern blocs. Inthe wake of the Berlin Blockade, the Cold War in Vienna took on adifferent dynamic. While accepting that Germany and Berlin would bedivided, the Russians had decided against allowing the same state ofaffairs to arise in Austria and Vienna.

They put up barbed wire fences around the perimeter of West Berlinin 1953, but not in Vienna. By 1955, the Russians agreed to relinquishtheir occupation zones in Eastern Austria, and East Vienna, as well astheir sector in the fourth and tenth districts in South Vienna. Inexchange they required a permanent neutrality clause to be enshrinedinto the newAustrian State Treaty. In 1955, the Russians pulled out ofAustria.

The atmosphere of four-power Vienna is captured in theGrahamGreenescreenplay for the filmThe Third Man(1949), directed byCarroll Reed. Later he adapted the screenplay as a novel andpublished it. Occupied Vienna is also colourfully depicted in thePhilipKerrnovel, "A German Requiem."

Austrian State Treaty

The four-power control of Vienna lasted until theAustrian StateTreatywas signed in 1955. That year, after years of reconstructionand restoration, the State Opera and the Burgtheater, both on theRingstrae, reopened to the public. The State Treaty ensured thatmodern Austria would align with neitherNATOnor theSoviet block,

and is considered one of the reasons for Austria's late entry into theEuropean Union.

In the 1970s,Austrian ChancellorBruno KreiskyinauguratedtheVienna International Centre, a new area of the city created to hostinternational institutions. Vienna has regained a part of its formerinternational stature by hosting international organizations, such asthe United Nations (United Nations Industrial DevelopmentOrganization,United Nations Office at ViennaandUnited Nations

Office on Drugs and Crime), thePreparatory Commission for theComprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization,
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theInternational Atomic Energy Agency, theOrganization ofPetroleum Exporting Countries, and theOrganization for Security andCooperation in Europe.

[edit]Historical population

Inhabitants according to official census figures: 18002005

Due to the industrialization and migration from other parts of theEmpire, the population of Vienna increased sharply during its time asthe capital ofAustria-Hungary(18671918). In 1910, Vienna hadmore than two million inhabitants, and was one of the sixlargest citiesin the world.[citation needed] At the turn of the century, Vienna(CzechVde, Hungarian Bcs) was the city with the second-

largestCzechpopulation in the world (afterPrague).

[14]

At the heightof the migration, about one-third of the Viennese population wasofSlavicor Hungarian origin. After World War I,manyCzechsandHungariansreturned to their ancestral countries,resulting in a decline in the Viennese population.

In 1923 there were 201,513Jewsliving in Vienna, which had becomethe third-largest Jewish community in Europe. Most were deportedand killed in concentration camps by Nazi and Austrian forces.[15]

By 2001, 16% of people living in Austria had nationalities other thanAustrian, nearly half of whom were from formerYugoslavia,primarilySerbs;[16][17]the next most numerous nationalities in ViennawereTurks(39,000; 2.5%),Poles(13,600; 0.9%) and Germans(12,700; 0.8%).[18]

Year 1754 1800 1850 1900 1910 1923 1939

Total 175,460 271,800 551,300 1,769,137 2,083,630 1,918,720 1,770,938
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienna&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienna&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienna&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Hungaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Hungaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Hungaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_proper_by_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_proper_by_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_proper_by_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_peopleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_peopleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_peopleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Viennahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Viennahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Viennahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslaviahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslaviahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslaviahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-census-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-census-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-census-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vienna-inhabitants.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vienna-inhabitants.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vienna-inhabitants.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vienna-inhabitants.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-census-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslaviahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Viennahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_peopleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_proper_by_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_proper_by_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Hungaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienna&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency


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population

Year 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2008

Total

population1,616,125 1,627,566 1,619,885 1,531,346 1,539,848 1,550,123 1,678,435

[edit]Geography and climate

Winter in Vienna

Vienna is located in northeastern Austria, at the easternmostextension of theAlpsin theVienna Basin. The earliest settlement,at the location of today's inner city, was south of the meandering

Danube while the city now spans both sides of the river. Elevationranges from 151 to 524 m (495 to 1,719 ft).

Vienna lies within a transition ofoceanic climateandhumidcontinental climateaccording to theKppen classification. The cityhas warm summers with average high temperatures of 22 to 26 C(72 to 79 F), with maxima exceeding 30 C (86 F) and lows ofaround 15 C (59 F). Winters are relatively cold with averagetemperatures at about freezing point, and snowfall occurring

mainly from December through March. Spring and autumn arecool to mild. Precipitation is generally moderate throughout theyear, averaging 620 mm (24.4 inches) annually.

[hide]Climate data for Vienna, Austria

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov

Average high C (F)2.9

(37.2)

5.1

(41.2)

10.3

(50.5)

15.1

(59.2)

20.5

(68.9)

23.4

(74.1)

25.6

(78.1)

25.9

(78.6)

20.3

(68.5)

14.2

(57.6)

7.5

(45.5) (

Average low C (F) -2.0 -0.9 2.4 5.8 10.5 13.5 15.4 15.3 11.7 7.0 2.4 -
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienna&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienna&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienna&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_Basinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_Basinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_Basinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_continental_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_continental_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_continental_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_continental_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viennahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viennahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viennahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tramwien_E2_schwarzenberplatz.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tramwien_E2_schwarzenberplatz.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tramwien_E2_schwarzenberplatz.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tramwien_E2_schwarzenberplatz.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viennahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_continental_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_continental_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_Basinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienna&action=edit&section=8


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(28.4) (30.4) (36.3) (42.4) (50.9) (56.3) (59.7) (59.5) (53.1) (44.6) (36.3) (

Precipitationmm (inches)37.2

(1.465)

39.4

(1.551)

56.1

(2.209)

51.7

(2.035)

61.8

(2.433)

70.2

(2.764)

68.2

(2.685)

57.8

(2.276)

53.5

(2.106)

40.0

(1.575)

50.0

(1.969) (1

Source:World Meteorological Organisation[19]

[edit]Districts and enlargementMain article:Districts of Vienna

Satellite view of Vienna

Vienna is composed of 23 districts (Bezirke). Administrative districtoffices in Vienna (called Magistratisches Bezirksamt) serve similarto those in the other states (called Bezirkshauptmannschaft), theofficers being subject to the Landeshauptmann (which in Vienna is

the mayor); with the exception of the police, which in Vienna isgoverned by the President of the Police (at the same time one ofthe nine Directors of Security of Austria), a federal office, directlyresponsible to the Minister of the Interior.

As had been planned in 1919 for all of Austria but not introduced,the district residents in Vienna (Austrians as well as EU citizenswith permanent residence here) are electing a District Assembly(Bezirksvertretung) which chooses the District Head

(Bezirksvorsteher) as political representative of the district on citylevel. City hall has delegated maintenance budgets, e.g., forschools and parks, so that they are able to set prioritiesautonomously. Any decision of a district can be overridden by thecity assembly (Gemeinderat) or the responsible city councillor(amtsfhrender Stadrat).
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Map of the districts of Vienna with numbers

The heart and historical city of Vienna, a large part oftoday'sInnere Stadt, was a fortress and surrounded by fields in

order to defend itself from potential attackers. In 1850, Vienna withthe consent of the emperor included 34 surroundingvillages,[20]called Vorstdte, into the city limits (districts no. 2 to 8,since 1861 with the separation of Margareten from Wieden no. 2to 9). Consequently the walls were razed after 1857,[21]making itpossible for the city centre to expand.

In their place, a broad boulevard called theRingstraewas built,along which imposing public and private buildings, monuments,

and parks were created until the turn of the century. Thesebuildings include theRathaus(town hall), theBurgtheater,theUniversity, theParliament, the twin museums ofnaturalhistoryandfine art, and theStaatsoper. It is also the location ofNew Wing of theHofburg, the former imperial palace, and theImperial and Royal War Ministry finished in 1913. ThemainlyGothicStephansdomis located at the centre of the city,onStephansplatz. The Imperial-Royal Government set up theVienna City Renovation Fund (Wiener Stadterneuerungsfonds)and sold many building lots to private investors, thereby partlyfinancing public construction works.

From 1850 to 1890, city limits in the West and the South havemainly followed another wall calledLinienwall. Outside this wallfrom 1873 onwards aring roadcalledGrtelwas built. In 1890 itwas decided to integrate 33 suburbs (called Vororte) beyond thatwall into Vienna by 1 January 1892[22]and transform them intodistricts no. 11 to 19 (district no. 10 had been constituted in 1874);hence the Linienwall was torn down from 1894 onwards.[23]In
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1900, district no. 20, Brigittenau, was created by separating thearea from the 2nd district.

Panorama fromBurgtheaterinInnere Stadt

From 1850 to 1904, Vienna had expanded only on the right bankof the Danube, following the main branch before the regulation of18681875, i.e., the Old Danube of today. In 1904, the 21st districtwas created by integrating Floridsdorf, Kagran, Stadlau,Hirschstetten, Aspern and other villages on the left bank of theDanube into Vienna, in 1910 Strebersdorf followed. On 15 October1938 the Nazis created Great Vienna with 26 districts by merging97 cities and villages into Vienna, 80 of which have returned tosurroundingLower Austriain 1954.[24]Since then Vienna has 23districts.

Industries are located mostly in the southern and eastern districts.TheInnere Stadtis situated away from the main flow oftheDanube, but is bounded by theDonaukanal("Danube canal").Vienna's second and twentieth districts are located between theDonaukanal and theDanube River. Across the Danube, wheretheVienna International Centreis located, and in thesouthernmost area are the newest parts of the city (districts 2123).

[edit]Politics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgtheaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgtheaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgtheaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innere_Stadthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innere_Stadthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innere_Stadthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Austriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Austriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Austriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innere_Stadthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innere_Stadthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innere_Stadthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donaukanalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donaukanalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donaukanalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_International_Centrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_International_Centrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_International_Centrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienna&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienna&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienna&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Panorama_vom_burgthdach.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Panorama_vom_burgthdach.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Panorama_vom_burgthdach.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Panorama_vom_burgthdach.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vienna&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_International_Centrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donaukanalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innere_Stadthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna#cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Austriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innere_Stadthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgtheater


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Debating Chamber of the former House of Deputies of Austria

Until 1918, Viennese politics were shaped by theChristian SocialParty, in particular long-term mayorKarl Lueger. Vienna is todayconsidered the centre of theSocial Democratic Party of Austria.During the period of theFirst Republic(19181934), theViennaSocial Democratsundertook many overdue social reforms.At that time, Vienna's municipal policy was admired by Socialiststhroughout Europe, who therefore referred to the city as "Red

Vienna" (Rotes Wien). In February 1934 troops of theConservative Austrian federal government and paramilitarysocialist organisations were engaged in the Austrian civil war,which led to the ban of the Social Democrat party.

For most of the time since the First World War, the city has beengoverned by theSocial Democratic Party(SP) with absolutemajorities in the city parliament. Only between 1934 and 1945,when the Social Democratic Party was illegal, mayors were

appointed by theaustro-fascistand later by theNaziauthorities.The current mayor of Vienna isMichael Hupl. The SocialDemocrats currently hold 55% of the seats with a 49% share ofthe vote.[25]Many Austrian political experts[who?] believe that if notfor the Social Democrats' nearly unbreakable hold on Vienna, therivalAustrian People's Party(VP) would dominate Austrianpolitics.

An example of the citys many social democratic policies is its low-

cost residential estates calledGemeindebauten.
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Ever since Vienna obtained federal state (Bundesland) status ofits own in 1921, the mayor has also had the role of the stategovernor (Landeshauptmann). The Rathaus accommodates theoffices of the mayor and the state government (Landesregierung).

The city is administered by a multitude of departments(Magistratsabteilungen).

In the 1996 City Council election, the SP lost its overall majorityin the 100-seat chamber, winning 43 seats and 39.15% of thevote. In 1996 theFreedom Party of Austria(FP), which won 29seats (up from 21 in 1991), beat the VP into third place for thesecond time running. From 19962001, the SP governed Viennain a coalition with the VP. In 2001 the SP regained the overallmajority with 52 seats and 46.91% of the vote; in October 2005this majority was increased further to 55 seats (49.09%). In courseof the 2010 city council elections the SP lost their overallmajority again and consequently forged a coalition with the GreenParty the first SP/Green coalition in Austria.[26]

[edit]Religions

St. Charles's Church, Vienna

Vienna is the seat of the Viennese Roman Catholicarchdiocese,

and its currentArchbishopisCardinalChristoph Schnborn. Thereligions of the Viennese resident population is divided accordingto the 2001 census as follows:[18]Roman Catholic 49.2%

No religion 25.7%

Muslim 7.8%

Orthodox 6.0%

Protestant(mostlyLutheran) 4.7%

Jewish 0.5%

Other or none indicated 6.3%
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Many RomanCatholic churchesin central Vienna also featureperformances of religious or other music, including masses sungto classical music and organ. Some of Vienna's most significanthistorical buildings are Roman Catholic churches, including

theStephansdom (St. Stephen's Cathedral), theKarlskirche (St.Charles' Church)and theVotivkirche.

As of 2010, the percentage of Catholics dropped to under 40%. In1961, there were still about 90% Catholics.[27]

[edit]Culture[28]

[edit]Music, theatre and opera

See also:Music of AustriaandVienna State Opera Ballet

Monument ofJohann Strauss IIatStadtpark, Vienna

State Opera (Staatsoper)
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Hofburg Palace

Naturhistorisches Museumat Maria-Theresa-Square

Austrian Museum of Applied Arts

Art and culture have a long tradition in Vienna, includingtheatre,opera,classical musicand fine arts. TheBurgtheateris consideredone of the best theatres in the German-speaking world alongsideits branch, the Akademietheater. TheVolkstheater WienandtheTheater in der Josefstadtalso enjoy good reputations. There isalso a multitude of smaller theatres, in many cases devoted to lessmainstream forms of the performing arts, such as modern,experimental plays orcabaret.

Vienna is also home to a number of opera houses, includingtheTheater an der Wien, theStaatsoperand theVolksoper, thelatter being devoted to the typical Vienneseoperetta. Classical
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concerts are performed at well known venues such as theWienerMusikverein, home of theVienna PhilharmonicOrchestra, andtheWiener Konzerthaus. Many concert venues offer concertsaimed at tourists, featuring popular highlights of Viennese music

(particularly the works ofWolfgang Amadeus MozartandJohannStrauss).

In recent years, theTheatre an der Wienhas become widelyknown for hosting premieres of musicals, although it hasrecently[when?] devoted itself to the opera again. The mostsuccessful musical by far was "Elisabeth", which was latertranslated into several other languages and performed all over theworld. TheHaus der Musik("house of music") opened in 2000.

[edit]Notable Musicians from Vienna

Many notable musicians were born in Vienna, here is a list ofseveral.

Falco

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Gerhard PotuznikLouie Austen

Leopold Mozart

[edit]Museums

Museumsquartier

TheHofburgis the location of theSchatzkammer(treasury),holding the imperial jewels of the Habsburg dynasty. The Sisi

Museum (a museum devoted toEmpress Elisabeth AmalieEugenie of Austria) allows visitors to view the imperial apartments
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as well as the silver cabinet. Directly opposite the Hofburg aretheKunsthistorisches Museum, which houses many paintingsbyold masters, ancient and classical artifacts, andtheNaturhistorisches Museum.

A number of museums are located intheMuseumsquartier(museum quarter), the former Imperial Stallswhich were converted into a museum complex in the 1990s. Ithouses the Museum of Modern Art, commonly known astheMUMOK(Ludwig Foundation), theLeopold Museum(featuringthe largest collection of paintings in the world byEgon Schiele, aswell as works by theVienna Secession,VienneseModernismandAustrian Expressionism), theAzW(museum ofarchitecture), additional halls with feature exhibitions, and theTanzquartier. The Liechtenstein Palace contains one of theworld's largest private art collections of the baroque.CastleBelvedere, built underPrinz Eugen, hasa gallerycontainingpaintings byGustav Klimt(The Kiss), Egon Schiele, and otherpainters of the early 20th century, also sculptures byFranz XaverMesserschmidt, and changing exhibitions too.

There are a multitude of other museums in Vienna, includingtheAlbertina, theMilitary History Museum, theTechnical Museum,the Burial Museum, theMuseum of Art Fakes,theKunstHausWien, theSigmund Freud Museum, andtheMozarthaus Vienna. The museums on the history of the city,including the formerHistorical Museum of the City ofViennaonKarlsplatz, theHermesvilla, the residences andbirthplaces of various composers, theMuseum of the Romans,and theVienna Clock Museum, are now gathered together under

the group umbrellaVienna Museum. The museums dedicated toVienna's districts provide a retrospective of the respective districts.

[edit]Architecture
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