XIX International Botanical Congress: Report of Congress ...The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (“Code”; McNeill & al. in Regnum Veg. 154. 2012

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XIX International Botanical Congress: Report of Congress action on nomenclature proposals

Nicholas J. Turland,1 John H. Wiersema,2 Anna M. Monro,3 Yun-Fei Deng4 & Li Zhang5

1 Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 6–8, 14195 Berlin, Germany2 United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Bldg. 003,

Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC-West), Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, U.S.A.3 Australian National Herbarium, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, GPO Box 1700, Canberra ACT 2601,

Australia4 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of

Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China5 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen 518004, Guangdong,

P.R. ChinaAuthor for correspondence: Nicholas J. Turland, [email protected]

DOI https://doi.org/10.12705/665.16

INTRODUCTION

The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (“Code”;McNeill&al.inRegnumVeg.154.2012[maintext];Wiersema&al.inRegnumVeg.157.2015[AppendicesII–VIII])hasbeenamendedbytheXIXInternationalBotanicalCongress(“Con-gress”or“ShenzhenCongress”,also“IBC2017”),whichwasheldinShenzhen,China,from17to29July2017.TheNomenclatureSection(“Section”)oftheCongresstookplaceoverfivedaysfrom17to21July,followedbythemainpartoftheCongressfrom23to29July.Theamendedrulesbecameeffectiveimmediatelyuponacceptanceoftheresolution,movedonbehalfoftheSectionattheclosingplenarysessionoftheCongresson29July2017(seeunderResolution,below),that the decisions and appointments of the Nomenclature Section be approved.Thisreportsummarizesthosedecisionsandappointments.Thefull,day-to-dayproceedingsoftheSectionwillbepublishedseparately(plannedfor2018).PublicationofthenewShenzhen Code isexpectedbythemiddleof2018.

ReportsofactionbypreviousCongresseshaveincludedtheresultsofthepreliminaryguidingmailvote,providedasanunpub-lishedhand-outtomembersoftheSection.FortheShenzhenCon-gress,however,theseresultswerepublishedpriortotheSection,on26June2017asanonline“fast-track”articleinTaxon (Turland & al.inTaxon66:995–1000.2017).

ThesessionsoftheNomenclatureSectionoftheCongresstookplaceinLectureHall502,5thFloor,PekingUniversityHSBCBusi-nessSchool,UniversityTown,NanshanDistrict,Shenzhen518055,Guangdong,China,fromMonday,17July2017toFriday,21July2017,inclusive.Thesessionsbeganat08:00andfinishedat18:00eachday(with30-minutebreaksinthemorningandafternoonanda90-minutebreakforlunch),exceptonFriday,whenthefinalsessionconcludedat17:00.Therewere155registeredmembersinattendancefrom30countries,eachmembercarrying1personalvoteand71ofthemcarrying427institutionalvotesfrom166institutionsin41coun-tries,makingatotalof582possiblevotesrepresenting44countries(Table1).Thiswasa22%and24%smallerattendancecomparedwithViennain2005andMelbournein2011,respectively,butthenumberofinstitutionalvotescarriedwas6.2%and7.8%higher,respectively,makingthetotalnumberofvotesonly3.0%less(Table2).

NOMENCLATURE SECTION PROCEEDINGS AND APPOINTMENTS

TheofficersoftheSection,appointedinconformitywithDivi-sionIIIoftheCode,wereSandra(Sandy)Knapp(London,U.K.,President),Nicholas(Nick)J.Turland(Berlin,Germany,Rapporteur-général),JohnH.Wiersema(Beltsville,U.S.A.,Vice-rapporteur),Yun-FeiDeng(Guangzhou,China,Recorder),LiZhang(Shenzhen,China,Recorder),andAnnaM.Monro(Canberra,Australia,Record-ers’Assistant).TheBureauofNomenclaturefurtherincludedsixVice-presidentsappointedbytheSection:RenéeH.Fortunato(Bue-nosAires,Argentina),WernerGreuter(Berlin,Germany&Palermo,Italy),De-ZhuLi(Kunming,China),JohnMcNeill(Edinburgh,U.K.&Toronto,Canada),GideonF.Smith(PortElizabeth,SouthAfrica),andKarenL.Wilson(Sydney,Australia).

TheNominatingCommitteewasproposedbythePresident,inconsultationwiththeothermembersoftheBureauofNomenclature,andwasacceptedbytheSection.Itconsistedofninemembers:VickiA.Funk(Washington,D.C.,U.S.A.,Secretary),AlinaFreire-Fierro(Tena,Ecuador),DmitryV.Geltman(SaintPetersburg,Russia),DavidL.Hawksworth(Kew&London,U.K.),ReginaY.Hirai(SãoPaulo,Brazil),Jin-ShuangMa(Shanghai,China),DavidJ.Middleton(Sin-gapore),GideonF.Smith(PortElizabeth,SouthAfrica),andKevinR.Thiele(Perth,Australia).

TheSectionalsoappointedfourTellers:HeatherL.Lindon(Kew,U.K.),MelanieSchori(Beltsville,U.S.A.),GustavoShimizu(Campi-nas,Brazil),andYi-HuaTong(Guangzhou,China).

ThefollowingvotingprocedureswereacceptedfortheSection:(1) Any proposal to amend the Code thatreceived75%ormore

“no”votesinthepreliminaryguidingmailvotewasautomaticallyruledasrejectedunlessaproposaltodiscussitwasmovedbyamem-beroftheSectionandsupported(seconded)by5othermembers.

(2) Any proposal to amend the Code thatconcernedonlyExam-ples(excludingvotedExamples)ortheGlossarywasautomaticallyreferredtotheEditorialCommitteeunlessaproposaltodiscussitwasmovedbyamemberoftheSectionandsupported(seconded)by5othermembers.

(3) Asimplemajority(morethan50%)ofvotescastwasrequiredforalldecisions,exceptwhenaqualifiedmajoritywasrequired.

XIX I N T ER NAT I O NAL B OTAN I C AL CO N G R E SS

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Turland & al. • XIX IBC: Report of Congress action

(4) Aqualifiedmajority(atleast60%)ofvotescastwasrequiredforthefollowing*:

(4a) accepting a proposal to amend the Code;(4b) acceptingamotiontoenddiscussionandproceedtoavote

(to“callthequestion”).(5) AnewproposaltoamendtheCode (i.e.onenotpreviously

published)oranamendmenttoanexistingsuchproposalmightbeintroduced at the Nomenclature Section by a member of the Sec-tion(“fromthefloor”)onlywhensupported(seconded)by5othermembers.

*byanamendmenttoDiv.IIIProp.B,whichwasacceptedonthelastdayoftheSection,a60%majoritywasalsorequiredtoreject oneormorerecommendationsoftheGeneralCommitteeonconserva-tionorrejectionofnames,suppressionofworks,orbindingdecisions(seeNotesonCongressaction,No.46onDiv.IIIProp.B,below).

The Section also accepted the Melbourne Code, includingitsAppendices, as the basis for its deliberations.

Theproposalswereconsideredandacteduponinasequencelargelyfollowingthepublished“Synopsisofproposals”(Turland&WiersemainTaxon66:217–274.2017),whichinturnfollowsthesequenceofprovisionsintheCode.Deviationsfromthissequenceoccurredwhenrelatedproposalswerediscussedtogether,usuallyunderthekeyproposal(i.e.,theproposalunderwhichtheRappor-teurs’commentsappearedintheSynopsis).

Newproposals(“fromthefloor”)weredeferreduntilthefinalsessionontheafternoonofFriday,21Julyandwererequiredtobesubmittedinwriting.ThedeadlineforsubmittingnewproposalstotheBureauofNomenclaturewassetat18:00onThursday,20July.

Thefullproceedings,basedontheaudioandvideorecordingsofthedebates,will,asfortheViennaandMelbourneCongresses,bepublishedthankstogenerousfinancialsupportfromtheInterna-tionalAssociationforPlantTaxonomy(IAPT)tocovertranscription,editing,andopen-accesspublicationonline.(FortheViennaandMelbourneproceedings,seeFlann&al.inPhytoKeys45:1–341.2015andFlann&al.inPhytoKeys41:1–289.2014,respectively.)

TheSection’sdecisionsaretabulatedbelow(Tables3&4).Ofthe397proposalssubmitted,113wereaccepted(28.5%);ofthese,31hadbeenmoreorlesssubstantiallyamended.Ofthe166proposalsrejected(41.8%),17wererejectedautomaticallybecauseofarelateddecision,while79wereruledasrejectedandwerenotdiscussedbecausetheyreceived75%ormore“no”votesinthepreliminaryguidingmailvote(seevotingprocedures,above).Ofthe103proposals(25.9%)referredtotheEditorialCommittee,62werereferredautomaticallybecausetheyconcernedonlyExamplesortheGlossary(seevotingprocedures,above).TwelveproposalswerereferredtoSpecial-purposeCom-mitteestoreporttothenextCongress(seebelow).Threeproposalswerewithdrawn.Includedintheabovefigures,8proposalsruledasrejectedbythemailvotewerereintroducedfordiscussion;ofthese,3wereacceptedasamended,4wererejected,and1wasreferredautomaticallytotheEditorialCommitteebecauseitconcernedonlyExamples.Inthefinalsession,16newproposalswereintroducedfromthefloor(seeNewproposals,below),ofwhich6wereaccepted,1wasacceptedasamended,7wererejected,1wasreferredtoaSpecial-purposeCommittee,and1waswithdrawn.

TheSection’sacceptanceofDiv.IIIProp.B,withamendments,establishedanewlyexpandedDivisionIIIongovernanceoftheCode. ThisgivestheEditorialCommitteeitsusualpowertomakeanyedi-torialmodificationsthatdonotaffectthemeaningoftheprovisions(seeDiv.IIIProp.Bparagraph7.9)andpermitstherevisedShenzhen Code to arise from the Shenzhen Congress.

Table 1.GeographicstatisticsoninstitutionalandpersonalvotesattheNomenclatureSectionoftheShenzhenCongress(sortedindescendingorder by total number ofvotes,thenalphabeticallybycountry).

CountryInstitutional

votesPersonal votes

Total votes

U.S.A. 58 20 78China 30 46 76Australia 30 9 39U.K. 22 10 32India 14 16 30Germany 22 5 27Russia 21 2 23Brazil 16 5 21South Africa 16 3 19Canada 14 3 17Sweden 16 0 16Poland 14 1 15Argentina 13 1 14Finland 9 4 13France 12 1 13Netherlands 11 1 12Denmark 11 0 11Italy 10 0 10Switzerland 7 3 10Mexico 8 1 9Turkey 7 2 9SouthKorea 2 6 8Austria 7 0 7Belgium 6 1 7NewZealand 6 1 7Spain 6 0 6Estonia 4 1 5Japan 2 3 5Singapore 3 2 5Slovakia 4 1 5Ukraine 5 0 5Cuba 4 0 4Thailand 2 2 4Armenia 3 0 3Colombia 3 0 3CzechRepublic 3 0 3Ecuador 2 1 3Nigeria 0 2 2Belarus 1 0 1French Guiana 1 0 1Ireland 1 0 1Kenya 0 1 1Norway 0 1 1Trinidad and Tobago 1 0 1Totals 427 155 582



TheSectionacceptedproposalsfromthefloortoestablishfiveSpecial-purposeCommitteestoreporttotheNomenclatureSectionoftheXXInternationalBotanicalCongress(tobeheldinRiodeJaneiro,Brazil,in2023):

• Special-purposeCommitteeonTypification• Special-purposeCommitteeonDNASequencesasTypes• Special-purposeCommitteeon“ListsofAvailableNames”• Special-purposeCommitteeonPleomorphicFungi(Art.59)• Special-purposeCommitteeonVirtualParticipationinthe

Nomenclature Section

AproposalfromthefloortoestablishaSpecial-purposeCom-mitteeonOrthographywasrejected.

MostofthedecisionstakenbytheSectionwereclearcut,withtherequiredmajorityreadilyascertainedbyashowofhands.Ineightcasesaformalcardvotewasrequested(Table5).Votingcardsfordelegates’personalvotesweremarkedwitha“P”sothatpersonalandinstitutionalvotescouldbeseparatelytabulated.SeparatefiguresforinstitutionalandpersonalvotesareprovidedinTable5.

Atitsfinalsession,theSectionreceivedthereportsoftheGen-eralCommitteeandtheothersixPermanentNomenclatureCom-mittees(tobepublishedinthefullproceedingsoftheSection).TheSectionconsideredeightreportsoftheGeneralCommittee(reports13–20,allpublishedpriortotheSection;WilsoninTaxon65:380–381.2016;WilsoninTaxon65:878–879.2016;WilsoninTaxon65:1150–1151.2016;WilsoninTaxon66:189–190.2017;WilsoninTaxon66:478–480.2017;WilsoninTaxon66:742–744.2017;WilsoninTaxon66:980.2017;WilsoninTaxon66:981.2017).ThesereportscontaintheGeneralCommittee’s500recommendationstoconserve253namesandnotconserve84names(Art.14);totreatasconserved6listsofprotectedfungalnames(Art.14.13);toreject79namesand

notreject15names(Art.56);tosuppress13publications(Art.34);totreat8namesasvalidlypublishedand11designationsasnotvalidlypublished(Art.38.4);andtotreat7similarnamesashomonymsand24similarnamesasnothomonyms(Art.53.5).Theserecommenda-tionswereacceptedbytheSectionen bloc, i.e., the60%majorityrequiredtorejectthemwasnotachieved(seeNotesonCongressaction,No.46onDiv.IIIProp.B,below).

Alsoatitsfinalsession,theSectionacceptedtheNominatingCommittee’sslateofcandidatesforRapporteur-général,SecretaryoftheFungalNomenclatureBureau,andtheofficersandmembersofthePermanentNomenclatureCommitteesfortheperiod2017–2023,asfollows:

Rapporteur-général for the XX International Botanical Congress, 2023. —NicholasJ.Turland(Germany).

Secretary of the Fungal Nomenclature Bureau for the 11th Interna-tional Mycological Congress (IMC11), 2018. —TomW.May(Australia).

General Committee. —DavidJ.Mabberley(Australia/U.K.,Chair), Karen L.Wilson (Australia, Secretary), Fred R. Barrie(U.S.A.), Denise P. Costa (Brazil), Vincent Demoulin (Bel-gium),Yun-FeiDeng (China),VickiA. Funk (U.S.A.),WernerGreuter(Germany/Italy),DavidL.Hawksworth(U.K.),H.WalterLack(Germany),ValéryMalécot (France),JohnMcNeill (U.K./ Canada),HidetoshiNagamasu(Japan),JeffersonPrado(Brazil),JohnH.Wiersema(U.S.A.),DavidM.Williams(U.K.),GeorgeA. Yatskievych (U.S.A.),FernandoO.Zuloaga (Argentina).—Ex-officio,votingmembers:RobertA.Andersen(U.S.A.,CommitteeforAlgae),WendyL.Applequist(U.S.A.,CommitteeforVascu-larPlants),PatrickS.Herendeen(U.S.A.,CommitteeforFossils,President of IAPT), Niels Klazenga (Australia, Committee forBryophytes),KarolMarhold(Slovakia,Secretary-generalofIAPT),TomW.May(Australia,CommitteeforFungi),NicholasJ.Turland(Germany,Rapporteur-général).

Table 2.ComparativestatisticsonproposalsandvotingatInternationalBotanicalCongressesoverthepast67years.

Congress ProposalsBallotsreturnedin

preliminarymailvoteMembers of

Nomenclature SectionInstitutionalvotes (No.ofinstitutions) Totalvotes

Shenzhen(2017) 397 82 155 427(166) 582Melbourne(2011) 338 140 204 396(162) 600Vienna(2005) 312 166 198 402(170) 600SaintLouis(1999) 215 229 297 494(231) 791Tokyo(1993) 321 202 95 361(148) 456Berlin(1987) 336 160 157 296(116) 453Sydney(1981) 213 187 153 328(135) 485Leningrad(1975) 161 ? 165 381(156) 546Seattle(1969) 223a ? “200orso” a ? ?Edinburgh(1964) 337a ? 161 202(87) 363Montreal(1959) 333a ? 168 266(101) 434Paris(1954) 387 355 91 202(80) 293Stockholm(1950) 550a ca. 200 71b ? ?Detailsforthepre-ShenzhenCongressesarerepeatedunchangedfromthecorrespondingtableinMcNeill&al.(inTaxon60:1507.2011).a Thesefiguresaretakenfromthetableonpage37 inStafleu’saccountoftheNomenclatureSectioninSeattle(inTaxon19:36–42.1970);thoseforthenumberofproposalsaresubstantiallyhigherthantheapparentnumbersinthelistsofproposalstotheMontrealCongress(RegnumVeg.14:6.1959)andtheEdinburghCongress(RegnumVeg.30:6.1964).Otherfiguresarefromthecontemporarypublishedrecords.

b Basedonacountofthoseinthe“SectionNomenclature”photograph(Osvald&Åberg,Proc.VIIInt.Bot.Congr.:pl.XVI.1953),providedtoJ.McNeillbyP.vanRijckevorsel.

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Committee for Algae. —William J.Woelkerling (Australia,Chair),RobertA.Andersen (U.S.A.,Secretary),SinaAdl (Can-ada),JohnBolton(SouthAfrica),GiovanniFurnari(Italy),LucienHoffmann(Luxembourg),Wolf-HenningKusber(Germany),JanMareš (Czech Republic), ØjvindMoestrup (Denmark), TakashiNakada(Japan),FranciscoF.Pedroche(Mexico),A.K.S.K.Prasad(U.S.A.),WillemF.Prud’hommevanReine(Netherlands),WelitonJ.daSilva(Brazil),KiraL.Vinogradova(Russia).

Committee for Bryophytes. —MichelleJ.Price(Switzerland,Chair),NielsKlazenga(Australia,Secretary),GoudjoAmetoAbalo-Loko(Togo),JohnBrinda(U.S.A.),PauloE.A.S.Câmara(Brazil),RicardoGarilleti(Spain),BernardGoffinet(U.S.A.),LarsHedenäs(Sweden),Boon-ChuanHo(Singapore),SannaM.Huttunen(Fin-land),MikhailS.Ignatov(Russia),TomoyukiKatagiri(Japan),MattvonKonrat(U.S.A.),NadezhdaA.Konstantinova(Russia),CatherineLaFarge(Canada),JuanLarraín(Chile),ItamboMalombe(Kenya),Jacques vanRooy (SouthAfrica), SushilK. Singh (India), LarsSöderström(Norway),PhiangphakSukkharak(Thailand),NicholasWilding(Réunion),Rui-LiangZhu(China).

Committee for Fossils. —MartinJ.Head(Canada,Chair),PatrickS.Herendeen(U.S.A.,Secretary),HeidiAnderson(SouthAfrica/Australia),David J.Batten (U.K.),David J.Cantrill (Australia),ChristopherJ.Cleal(U.K.),RobertA.Fensome(Canada),MichaelKrings(Germany),JiříKvaček(CzechRepublic),SusannaMagallon(Mexico), StephenMcLoughlin (Sweden), SergeV.Naugolnykh(Russia), Elke Schneebeli-Hermann (Switzerland), Silane A.F.SilvaCaminha(Brazil),JudithE.Skog(U.S.A.),QiWang(China),ToshihiroYamada(Japan).

Committee for Fungi. —ScottA.Redhead(Canada,Chair),TomW.May(Australia,Secretary),Z.WilhelmdeBeer(SouthAfrica),KonstanzeBensch(Germany/Netherlands),JoséC.Dianese(Brazil),TeresaIturriaga(Venezuela),PaulM.Kirk(U.K.),RolandKirschner(Taiwan,China),JamesC.Lendemer(U.S.A.),LorenzoLombard(Netherlands),JacquesMelot(Iceland),AndrewM.Minnis(U.S.A.),

LoreleiL.Norvell(U.S.A.),ShaunR.Pennycook(NewZealand),AndreaI.Romero(Argentina),SvengunnarRyman(Sweden),MarcoThines (Germany),DagmarTriebel (Germany),Zhu-LiangYang(China),Yi-JianYao(China).

Committee for Vascular Plants. — Alexander N. Sennikov(Finland/Russia,Chair),WendyL.Applequist(U.S.A.,Secretary), P.Daniel(India),RenéeH.Fortunato(Argentina),KanchiN.Gandhi(U.S.A.),RafaëlH.A.Govaerts(U.K.),MatsL.Hjertson(Sweden),NorbertKilian(Germany),RonellR.Klopper(SouthAfrica),JanaLeong-Škorničková (Singapore, pending acceptance), Renato deMello-Silva(Brazil),JinMurata(Japan),HelgaOchoterena-Booth(Mexico, pending acceptance), Melanie Schori (U.S.A.), EricSchuettpelz (U.S.A.),ParamjitSingh(India),RobertSoreng(U.S.A.),PieterJ.Vorster(SouthAfrica),PeterG.Wilson(Australia),Xiang-YunZhu(China).

Editorial Committee. —NicholasJ.Turland(Germany,Chair),JohnH.Wiersema (U.S.A., Secretary), FredR.Barrie (U.S.A.),Werner Greuter (Germany/Italy), David L. Hawksworth (U.K.),PatrickS.Herendeen(U.S.A.),SandraKnapp(U.K.),Wolf-HenningKusber(Germany),De-ZhuLi(China),KarolMarhold(Slovakia),TomW.May(Australia),JohnMcNeill(U.K./Canada),AnnaM.Monro(Australia),JeffersonPrado(Brazil),MichelleJ.Price(Swit-zerland),GideonF.Smith(SouthAfrica).

Committee on Institutional Votes. — Nicholas J. Turland(Germany,Chair),CarmenUlloaUlloa(U.S.A.,Secretary),AlinaFreire-Fierro(Ecuador),Bin-JieGe(China),PinaMilne(Australia),A.MuthamaMuasya(SouthAfrica),JarosławProćków(Poland).

TheCommitteeonInstitutionalVotes,asgivenintheNominat-ingCommittee’sreport, includedfiveadditionalmembersandnomembersrepresentingAfricaandAustralasia.ThemembershipwassubsequentlyadjustedtocomplywiththenewDiv.IIIoftheCode (Div.IIIProp.B,paragraph7.5):“TheCommitteeonInstitutionalVotescomprises6members,eachtorepresentadifferentcontinent,plustheRapporteur-général,whoservesasitschair.”

Table 3.CategoriesofactiontakenonproposalsattheShenzhenCongress.

CongressactionNo. of

proposals % CongressactionNo. of

proposalsAccepted 113 28.5% acc. 82

acc.amend. 28rej.m.v.,reintr.,acc.amend. 3

Rejected 166 41.8% rej. 66rej.auto. 17rej.m.v. 79rej.m.v.,reintr.,rej. 4

ReferredtotheEditorialCommittee 103 25.9% ed.c. 39ed.c.amend. 2ed.c.auto. 61rej.m.v.,reintr.,ed.c.auto. 1

ReferredtoaSpecial-purposeCommittee 12 3.0% sp.p.c. 9sp.p.c.amend. 3

Withdrawn 3 0.8% withdrawn 3Totals 397 397Forexplanationofabbreviations,seeTable4.



Registration Committee. —Pierre-AndréLoizeau(Switzerland,Chair),[Secretarytobeelected],IlseBreitwieser(NewZealand,pendingacceptance),LaurenceJ.Dorr(U.S.A.),RenéeH.Fortunato(Argentina),QuentinGroom(Belgium),ShelleyJames(Australia),GeoffreyA.Levin(Canada),HeatherL.Lindon(U.K.),JamesS.Miller(U.S.A.),AlanJ.Paton(U.K.),MarkF.Watson(U.K.);plusrepresentatives,asrequiredbythenewDiv.IIIoftheCode,nominatedby (1) theotherPermanentNomenclatureCommittees,(2) prospec-tiveorfunctioningrepositories,(3)theInternationalAssociationforPlantTaxonomy,(4) theInternationalOrganisationofPalaeobotany,(5) theInternationalFederationofPalynologicalSocieties,(6) the InternationalPhycologicalSociety,(7) theInternationalMycologicalAssociation,and(8) theInternationalAssociationofBryologists.

MarkF.Watsonwasaccidentallyomittedfromthelistofmem-bersoftheRegistrationCommitteeintheNominatingCommittee’sreportaspresentedtotheSection(V.Funk,pers.comm.).

RESOLUTION

Asitsfinalitemofbusiness,theSectionacceptedamotionfromtheRapporteur-généralthatthePresidentandtheRapporteursbeinstructed to present a resolution on behalf of the Nomenclature Sec-tiontotheResolutionsCommitteeoftheXIXInternationalBotanicalCongresstotheeffectthatthedecisionsandappointmentsoftheNomenclatureSectionbeapproved.TheCongressacceptedthefol-lowingresolutionatitsclosingceremony(plenarysession),whichbeganat16:00localtimeonSaturday,29July2017:

“TheXIXInternationalBotanicalCongressinShenzhen,ChinaresolvesthatthedecisionsofitsNomenclatureSectionwithrespecttothe International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants,aswellastheappointmentoftheRapporteur-général,SecretaryoftheFungalNomenclatureBureau,andofficersandmembersofthePermanentNomenclatureCommittees,madebythatSectionduringitsmeetingsfrom17thto21stofJuly,2017,beaccepted;notingwith

interestthemechanismforcreatingaframeworkforfutureregistra-tionofalgalandplantnames,provisionsforimprovedclarityinthegovernanceoftheCodeandtheworkingoffutureNomenclatureSections,andthesharingofgovernanceofnomenclaturebyreferringdecisionsonrulessolelyrelatingtofungitoInternationalMycologi-calCongresses.”

Asmentionedabove,amendmentstotheCode became effec-tiveimmediatelyuponacceptanceofthisresolution,notuponpub-lication of the present report nor upon publication of the Shenzhen Code expectedin2018.Newandamendedrulesareretroactivetothestarting-pointfortherelevantgroupoforganisms(Art.13),unlessexpresslylimited.Thefollowingsuchlimitationsapplytothedeci-sions made in Shenzhen:

Prior to 1 January 1921, and prior to 1 January 1935●Determiningwhether a publication has adopted a largelymechanicalmethodoftypeselection(Art.10Prop.F).

Prior to, or on or after, 1 January 1954●Determiningthedateonwhichconservationtakeseffect(Art.14Prop.M).

On or after 1 January 2001●Epitypificationisnoteffectedunlessindicatedbyuseoftheterm“epitypus”,itsabbreviation,oritsequivalentinamodernlanguage(Art.9Prop.VV).

On or after 1 January 2019●Designationofatypeofafungalnameisachievedonlyifanidentifierissuedbyarecognizedrepositoryiscited(Art.7Prop.H).

●Forthenameofanewspeciesorinfraspecifictaxonofwhichthetypeisaculture,theprotologuemust,inaddition,includeastatementthatitispreservedinametabolicallyinactivestate(Art.40Prop.H).

●Anamepublishedforafungusisillegitimateifitisalaterhomonymofabacterialorprotozoanname(Art.54Prop.A).

CONGRESS ACTION ON PUBLISHED PROPOSALS

Table 4. The 397 proposals to amend the CodesubmittedtotheShenzhenCongress,arrangedaccordingtothe“Synopsisofproposals”.

Running numbers refer to the full proposals as published in Taxon.Congressactionisindicatedasfollows:acc.=accepted;acc.amend.=acceptedasamended;ed.c.=referredtotheEditorialCommittee;ed.c.amend.=referredtotheEditorialCommitteeasamended;ed.c.auto.=referredautomaticallytotheEditorialCommitteebecausetheproposalconcernedonlyExamplesortheGlossary;reintr.=reintroducedfordiscussionafterrej.m.v.(seebelow);rej.=rejected;rej.auto.=rejectedautomaticallybecauseofarelateddecision;rej.m.v.=ruledasrejectedbecausetheproposalreceived75%ormore“no”votesinthepreliminaryguidingmailvote;sp.p.c.=referredtoaSpecial-purposeCommittee;sp.p.c.amend.=referredtoaSpecial-purposeCommitteeasamended;withdrawn=withdrawnbytheproposer(s).SuperscriptnumbersrefertotheNotesonCongressactionbelowTable4.

ProposalRunning number Congressaction

General ProposalsProp.A 346 rej.Prop.B 347 rej.m.v.Prop.C 348 rej.m.v.Prop.D 349 rej.m.v.Prop.E 350 rej.m.v.Prop.F 351 rej.Prop.G 352 rej.Prop.H 353 rej.Prop.I 354 rej.


General Proposals continuedProp.J 010 ed.c.Prop.K 156 rej.m.v.Prop.L 175 rej.m.v.PreambleProp.A 230 rej.m.v.Art. 4Prop.A 123 rej.m.v.Prop.B 124 rej.m.v.Prop.C 125 rej.m.v.


Art. 4 continuedProp.D 126 rej.m.v.Rec. 4A (new)Prop.A 127 rej.m.v.Prop.B 128 rej.m.v.Art. 5Prop.A 023 rej.m.v.Prop.B 024 rej.m.v.Art. 6Prop.A 301 acc.amend.1

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Table 4. Continued.


Art. 6 continuedProp.B 152 ed.c.Prop.C 153 rej.Prop.D 154 ed.c.auto.Prop.E 289 rej.Prop.F 149 ed.c.auto.Prop.G 001 ed.c.Prop.H 235 acc.Prop.I 091 rej.m.v.Prop.J 303 acc.2Prop.K 304 rej.Prop.L 242 ed.c.Prop.M 155 rej.Prop.N 297 acc.Prop.O 298 acc.Prop.P 300 acc.Prop.Q 302 acc.Art. 7Prop.A 008 ed.c.Prop.B 291 rej.m.v.Prop.C 299 ed.c.Prop.D 191 acc.Prop.E 098 ed.c.auto.Prop.F 096 rej.Prop.G 097 ed.c.auto.Prop.H 064 acc.Prop.I 065 acc.Prop.J 066 acc.Rec. 7AProp.A 194 rej.Art. 8Prop.A 364 acc.Prop.B 249 rej.m.v.Prop.C 100 acc.amend.3Prop.D 295 ed.c.auto.Prop.E 196 rej.Prop.F 197 rej.m.v.Prop.G 248 ed.c.auto.Prop.H 247 ed.c.auto.Prop.I 365 acc.Prop.J 307 rej.Prop.K 305 rej.Prop.L 250 rej.m.v.Prop.M 294 ed.c.auto.Prop.N 251 withdrawnProp.O 308 sp.p.c.amend.4


Rec. 8C (new)Prop.A 309 sp.p.c.4Art. 9Prop.A 310 sp.p.c.4Prop.B 018 acc.Prop.C 043 acc.Prop.D 293 rej.m.v.Prop.E 029 acc.amend.5Prop.F 019 acc.Prop.G 036 ed.c.auto.Prop.H 366 acc.Prop.I 367 acc.Prop.J 035 acc.amend.6Prop.K 044 rej.auto.Prop.L 190 rej.auto.Prop.M 356 sp.p.c.amend.7Prop.N 357 sp.p.c.amend.7Prop.O 370 acc.amend.8Prop.P 198 ed.c.auto.Prop.Q 199 rej.m.v.Prop.R 200 rej.m.v.Prop.S 201 rej.m.v.Prop.T 290 acc.amend.9Prop.U 063 sp.p.c.10Prop.V 241 sp.p.c.10Prop.W 032 ed.c.auto.Prop.X 192 ed.c.auto.Prop.Y 020 acc.Prop.Z 253 sp.p.c.10Prop.AA 246 rej.m.v.Prop.BB 312 acc.Prop.CC 260 rej.Prop.DD 252 sp.p.c.10Prop.EE 254 sp.p.c.10Prop.FF 257 ed.c.auto.Prop.GG 045 rej.Prop.HH 259 rej.Prop.II 261 acc.Prop.JJ 255 ed.c.Prop.KK 296 rej.m.v.Prop.LL 086 rej.m.v.Prop.MM 313 rej.m.v.Prop.NN 368 acc.amend.11Prop.OO 369 ed.c.Prop.PP 203 ed.c.auto.Prop.QQ 046 ed.c.Prop.RR 047 ed.c.auto.


Art. 9 continuedProp.SS 202 ed.c.auto.Prop.TT 204 rej.m.v.,reintr.,rej.Prop.UU 205 rej.Prop.VV 067 acc.Prop.WW 193 ed.c.auto.Rec. 9AProp.A 306 rej.Prop.B 206 rej.m.v.Prop.C 258 rej.Rec. 9BProp.A 314 rej.Prop.B 101 acc.Rec. 9CProp.A 311 ed.c.Rec. 9DProp.A 013 rej.Art. 10Prop.A 009 ed.c.auto.Prop.B 371 acc.Prop.C 391 acc.Prop.D 392 acc.Prop.E 393 acc.Prop.F 394 acc.amend.12Prop.G 396 ed.c.auto.Rec. 10AProp.A 395 acc.Art. 11Prop.A 033 acc.amend.13Prop.B 315 acc.Prop.C 319 ed.c.auto.Prop.D 316 ed.c.auto.Prop.E 317 ed.c.auto.Prop.F 318 ed.c.auto.Art. 13Prop.A 231 rej.m.v.Prop.B 038 rej.m.v.Art. 14Prop.A 102 rej.m.v.Prop.B 103 rej.m.v.Prop.C 234 acc.Prop.D 157 ed.c.Prop.E 158 rej.m.v.Prop.F 207 rej.m.v.Prop.G 208 rej.m.v.Prop.H 068 acc.Prop.I 072 acc.




Art. 14 continuedProp.J 075 acc.Prop.K 073 acc.Prop.L 372 acc.Prop.M 236 acc.amend.14Rec. 14AProp.A 074 acc.Art. 15Prop.A 358 rej.m.v.Art. 16Prop.A 159 ed.c.Prop.B 243 ed.c.Prop.C 049 acc.Art. 18Prop.A 002 ed.c.Prop.B 003 ed.c.Rec. 18A (new)Prop.A 160 rej.15Art. 19Prop.A 262 acc.Prop.B 004 ed.c.Prop.C 005 ed.c.Art. 20Prop.A 320 rej.16Prop.B 090 acc.Prop.C 161 ed.c.auto.Art. 21Prop.A 104 rej.auto.17Prop.B 163 ed.c.auto.Prop.C 162 ed.c.auto.Prop.D 164 ed.c.Rec. 21BProp.A 105 rej.auto.17Prop.B 106 rej.auto.17Art. 23Prop.A 107 rej.Prop.B 165 rej.Prop.C 166 rej.auto.Prop.D 386 acc.Prop.E 387 ed.c.auto.Prop.F 214 rej.Prop.G 215 rej.auto.Prop.H 216 rej.auto.Prop.I 108 rej.auto.Prop.J 383 acc.Prop.K 384 acc.


Rec. 23AProp.A 150 ed.c.Art. 24Prop.A 388 ed.c.Prop.B 321 acc.Prop.C 167 ed.c.Art. 28Prop.A 168 rej.Prop.B 169 ed.c.auto.Art. 29Prop.A 263 rej.Rec. 29AProp.A 264 acc.Art. 30Prop.A 041 rej.m.v.,reintr.,rej.Prop.B 322 rej.m.v.Prop.C 323 rej.m.v.Prop.D 265 acc.amend.18Prop.E 266 acc.Prop.F 325 ed.c.auto.Prop.G 267 ed.c.Prop.H 324 rej.Prop.I 268 acc.amend.19Prop.J 040 rej.Prop.K 217 rej.m.v.Prop.L 039 rej.m.v.Rec. 30AProp.A 269 acc.Prop.B 270 acc.Prop.C 219 acc.Prop.D 170 ed.c.Prop.E 218 rej.m.v.Prop.F 011 rej.Rec. 31BProp.A 271 acc.amend.20Prop.B 221 rej.Prop.C 014 rej.Prop.D 326 rej.Prop.E 222 ed.c.Art. 32Prop.A 385 acc.Prop.B 109 acc.Art. 34Prop.A 359 acc.amend.21Prop.B 209 rej.m.v.Prop.C 238 acc.amend.22


Art. 36Prop.A 373 acc.Prop.B 133 ed.c.Prop.C 171 rej.Prop.D 327 acc.Prop.E 050 rej.m.v.,reintr.,rej.Art. 37Prop.A 129 rej.Prop.B 130 rej.Prop.C 355 rej.m.v.Prop.D 131 rej.m.v.Prop.E 132 ed.c.Art. 38Prop.A 172 ed.c.Prop.B 374 acc.Prop.C 110 ed.c.auto.Prop.D 239 acc.Prop.E 210 rej.m.v.Prop.F 329 rej.Prop.G 330 rej.auto.Prop.H 223 rej.m.v.Prop.I 225 rej.m.v.Prop.J 224 rej.m.v.Prop.K 037 ed.c.auto.Rec. 38BProp.A 078 acc.Prop.B 079 acc.Art. 40Prop.A 195 rej.m.v.Prop.B 256 rej.m.v.Prop.C 292 acc.Prop.D 099 ed.c.auto.Prop.E 021 ed.c.Prop.F 022 ed.c.auto.Prop.G 331 rej.m.v.,reintr.,acc.

amend.23

Prop.H 375 acc.Rec. 40AProp.A 332 withdrawnProp.B 333 acc.Prop.C 173 ed.c.Prop.D 111 rej.Prop.E 015 acc.Prop.F 012 rej.Art. 41Prop.A 112 rej.m.v.Prop.B 337 ed.c.

Table 4. Continued.

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Art. 41 continuedProp.C 338 rej.m.v.Prop.D 227 rej.m.v.Prop.E 113 rej.m.v.Prop.F 114 rej.m.v.Prop.G 226 ed.c.auto.Prop.H 334 rej.Prop.I 052 rej.24Prop.J 055 ed.c.auto.Prop.K 053 ed.c.auto.Prop.L 054 ed.c.auto.Prop.M 056 ed.c.auto.Prop.N 057 rej.m.v.Prop.O 335 rej.25Prop.P 115 rej.m.v.Prop.Q 025 rej.Prop.R 272 rej.m.v.Prop.S 273 rej.m.v.Prop.T 274 rej.auto.Prop.U 275 rej.m.v.Prop.V 116 rej.m.v.Prop.W 336 acc.amend.26Prop.X 376 acc.Prop.Y 389 acc.Prop.Z 117 rej.m.v.Rec. 41AProp.A 026 rej.Prop.B 220 acc.amend.27Rec. 41B (new)Prop.A 027 rej.Chapter V Section 4 Art. n (new)Prop.A 397 sp.p.c.28Art. 42Prop.A 340 ed.c.amend.29Prop.B 277 acc.amend.30Prop.C 278 acc.Prop.D 279 rej.31Art. 45Prop.A 174 ed.c.Prop.B 232 rej.m.v.Art. 46Prop.A 377 acc.amend.32Prop.B 134 rej.Prop.C 135 rej.Prop.D 051 rej.auto.Prop.E 136 ed.c.auto.Prop.F 244 ed.c.


Art. 46 continuedProp.G 245 ed.c.auto.Prop.H 138 ed.c.33Prop.I 139 rej.m.v.Prop.J 378 acc.Prop.K 140 rej.Prop.L 092 acc.Prop.M 137 acc.Prop.N 142 rej.Prop.O 145 ed.c.auto.Prop.P 143 ed.c.auto.Prop.Q 144 ed.c.auto.Prop.R 146 rej.m.v.Prop.S 141 rej.m.v.Prop.T 147 rej.Rec. 46AProp.A 028 rej.m.v.Prop.B 031 rej.m.v.Prop.C 118 rej.auto.Prop.D 119 rej.Rec. 46CProp.A 120 rej.Prop.B 121 rej.Rec. 46DProp.A 058 rej.m.v.Prop.B 059 rej.m.v.Art. 48Prop.A 151 ed.c.Rec. 50EProp.A 080 rej.m.v.,reintr.,acc.

amend.34

Prop.B 081 rej.m.v.,reintr.,ed.c.auto.35

Art. 52Prop.A 341 acc.Prop.B 342 acc.amend.36Prop.C 343 acc.Prop.D 006 rej.Prop.E 007 ed.c.Art. 53Prop.A 287 rej.Prop.B 288 rej.Prop.C 240 acc.Prop.D 211 rej.m.v.Prop.E 093 acc.amend.37


Art. 54Prop.A 082 rej.m.v.,reintr.,acc.

amend.38

Prop.B 360 rej.Prop.C 390 acc.Prop.D 280 rej.m.v.Prop.E 281 rej.m.v.Prop.F 233 rej.m.v.Rec. 54AProp.A 083 rej.m.v.,reintr.,rej.Prop.B 361 acc.amend.39Art. 55Prop.A 176 ed.c.Prop.B 177 acc.Prop.C 178 ed.c.auto.Prop.D 282 acc.Prop.E 283 ed.c.auto.Art. 56Prop.A 379 acc.Prop.B 212 rej.m.v.Prop.C 069 rej.Prop.D 076 ed.c.40Prop.E 213 rej.m.v.Prop.F 070 rej.auto.Prop.G 237 acc.Rec. 56AProp.A 071 rej.auto.Art. 57Prop.A 084 acc.Prop.B 077 withdrawnArt. 58Prop.A 339 ed.c.auto.Art. 59Prop.A 085 sp.p.c.41Art. 60Prop.A 180 rej.m.v.Prop.B 344 acc.Prop.C 345 acc.Prop.D 380 acc.Prop.E 181 ed.c.auto.Prop.F 087 acc.Prop.G 088 acc.Prop.H 089 ed.c.auto.Prop.I 182 ed.c.auto.Prop.J 183 ed.c.auto.Prop.K 284 ed.c.amend.42Prop.L 285 rej.42

Table 4. Continued.




Art. 60 continuedProp.M 381 acc.Prop.N 184 ed.c.auto.Prop.O 185 ed.c.Prop.P 060 rej.Prop.Q 061 rej.auto.Prop.R 179 ed.c.43Rec. 60CProp.A 062 rej.auto.Prop.B 382 acc.Rec. 60EProp.A 186 rej.m.v.Rec. 60GProp.A 017 ed.c.auto.


Rec. 60HProp.A 187 acc.amend.44Prop.B 016 rej.Div. IIIProp.A 276 acc.amend.45Prop.B 286 acc.amend.46Prop.C 362 acc.amend.47Prop.D 363 acc.amend.48App. IProp.A 034 acc.amend.49Art. H.5Prop.A 188 ed.c.auto.Rec. H.5B (new)Prop.A 228 rej.


Art. H.6Prop.A 122 rej.Prop.B 229 acc.GlossaryProp.A 328 ed.c.auto.Prop.B 148 ed.c.auto.Prop.C 030 ed.c.auto.Prop.D 094 ed.c.auto.Prop.E 048 ed.c.auto.Prop.F 042 ed.c.auto.Prop.G 095 ed.c.auto.Prop.H 189 ed.c.auto.

Table 4. Continued.

Notes on Congress action

1.Art.6Prop.Awasamendedtoreplace“material”with“textandillustrations”andtheEditorialCommitteewasinstructedtoplacethenewsentence(e.g.,inArt.6,asproposed,orinArt.32,assuggestedbytheRapporteursintheSynopsis)toensurethattherewillbenonegativeconsequences.

2.Art.6Prop.Jwasacceptedonacardvote(332yes:172no;65.9%yes).

3.Art.8Prop.Cwasamendedtoreplace“barcodenumbers”with“specimen identifiers”.

4.Art.8Prop.Owasamendedbydeletionofthewords“Infungi”.Itwasthen,togetherwithRec.8CProp.AandArt.9Prop.A,referredtotheSpecial-purposeCommitteeonDNASequencesas Types.

5.Art.9Prop.EwasamendedtoconverttheNotetoanArticleandtospecifythatomissionsofrequiredinformation(e.g.,underArt.40.6and40.7)arenotcorrectable(theEditorialCommitteetoformulatethewording).

6.Art.9Prop.Jwasamendedtoreplace“othermaterial”with“illus-trationwithanalysis”andtoprovideacross-referencetoArt.38.7and38.8toclarifythatanillustrationwithanalysiscanbeequivalenttoavalidatingdescriptionordiagnosis.

7.Art.9Prop.Mwasamendedtodelete“ofafungus”andtoreplace“unlessitshows,intheopinionofthetypifyingauthor(s),”with“unlessthetypifyingauthorsincludeastatementthatitshows”.Prop.Nwasamendedtoreplace“ofthenamesoffungi”with“ofnames”.Prop.Mwasthenreferred,asamended,totheSpecial-purposeCommitteeonTypificationonacardvote(277yes:250no;52.6%yes).Whilethecardvotewasbeingcounted,thePresidentproposed,andtheSectionaccepted,thatifProp.MwasreferredtotheSpecial-purposeCommittee,Prop.Nwouldbetreatedlikewise;otherwiseitwouldbevotedonseparately.ThusProp.Nwasalsoreferred,asamended,totheSpecial-purposeCommitteeonTypification.

8.Art.9Prop.Owasamendedtoinsert“aduplicateof”before“thetypeoftheconservedname”,withasuggestiontotheEditorialCommitteetoincorporatetheNoteintoArt.9.4.

9.Art.9Prop.Twasamendedtoreplace“isextantorhasbeeninexistence”with“exists”.

10.Art.9Prop.U,V,Z,DD,andEEwerereferredtotheSpecial-purposeCommitteeonTypification.

11.Art.9Prop.NNwasamendedbyreplacing“otherwise”by“ifnoneexists,”.

12.Art.10Prop.Fwasamendedbyinserting“Unlesstheauthor[s]spe-cificallystate[s]thattheyare[he/sheis]notfollowingamechani-calmethodoftypeselection,”before“Thefollowingcriteria”.

13.Art.11Prop.AwasamendedtoincorporatetheNoteintoArt.11.4,withtheadditionthat,ifthereisnofinalepithetavailable,areplacementnameorthenameofanewtaxonmaybepublished(theEditorialCommitteetoformulatethewording).

14.Art.14Prop.Mwasamendedtoinsert, inthefinalclauseofNote4,“nomenclature”before“proposalsdatabase”,toaddthecorrecttitleofthedatabase,andtodelete“athttp://botany.si.edu/references/codes/props/index.cfm”.

15.Rec.18AProp.Awasrejectedonacardvote(264yes:271no;49.3%yes).

16.Art.20Prop.Awasrejectedonacardvote(172yes:348no;33.1%yes).OnthelastdayoftheSection,anewproposalwasmovedtodeleteArt.20.2andEx.2–6andtoinsertanewclause(c)underArt.20.4listing16wordsnottoberegardedasgenericnames,butthistoowasrejected.

17.Art.21Prop.AandRec.21BProp.AandBwereruledasrejectedbythePresidentowingtotheirbeingparalleltoArt.23Prop.A,whichwasrejectedbytheSection.

18.Art.30Prop.Dwasamendedtoinsert“andformat”(or“andlayout”,iftheEditorialCommitteeprefers)after“content”(butseeNewproposals,No.4,below).

19.Art.30Prop.Iwasamendedtoinsert“article,”after“issue,”.20.Rec.31BProp.Awasamendedtodelete“aspartofthecontent”.21.Art.34Prop.Awasamendedtoreplacethephrase“andanyother

nomenclaturalactsassociatedwiththosenamesareineffective”with“andnonomenclaturalactwithintheworkassociatedwithanynameinthespecifiedranksiseffective”.

22.Art.34Prop.Cwasamendedtoreinstatethedeletedwords“isauthorized”andtoinsert“and”before“takesretroactiveeffect”.

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23.Art.40Prop.Greceivedexactly75%“no”votesinthepreliminaryguidingmailvote,butitwasreintroducedfordiscussion.ItwasacceptedasamendedtoconverttheArticletoaRecommendationandtodelete“publishedonorafter1January2019”.

24.Art.41Prop.Iwasrejectedonacardvote(249yes:283no;46.8%yes).

25.Art.41Prop.Owasrejectedonacardvote(237yes:267no;47.0%yes).

26.Art.41Prop.Wwasamendedtoinsert“later”before“isonym”.27.Rec.41AProp.Bwasamendedsothatthefirstclausereads“In

theabsenceofestablishedtradition,ifpublicationsarenotpagi-nated,[…]”.

28.ChapterVSection4Art.nProp.AwasreferredtotheSpecial-pur-poseCommitteeon“ListsofAvailableNames”,whichistohaveamandatenotnecessarilyrestrictedtonamesofvascularplants.

29.Art.42Prop.Awasamendedtodeletethesecondtwosentences(“Whentheidentifier[…]”).ItwasthenreferredtotheEditorialCommittee.

30.Art.42Prop.Bwasamendedtoallowfor“Aninterestedinstitu-tion”inArt.42.0tobepluralandtoinsert“(excludingfungi)”after“addressedtotheGeneralCommittee”inArt.42.0bis.

31.Art.42Prop.Dwasrejectedonacardvote(306yes:239no;56.1%yes).

32.Art.46Prop.Awasamendedtoreplace“whennone”with“unlessone or more”.

33.Art.46Prop.HwasreferredtotheEditorialCommitteeontheunderstandingthattheonlyamendmenttoArt.46.3wouldbedeletionof“,oraformalerror”.

34.Rec.50EProp.Areceived85%“no”votesinthepreliminaryguidingmailvote,butitwasreintroducedfordiscussion.Itwasacceptedwiththefirstpartamendedtoread“IfanamehasbeenadoptedbyFriesorPersoon,andtherebysanctioned(seeArt.13.1(d)and15),either“:Fr.”or“:Pers.”ortheabbreviation“nom.sanct.”shouldbeaddedinaformalcitation,[…]”.

35.Rec.50EProp.B,althoughitreceived83%“no”votesinthepreliminaryguidingmailvote,wascontingentonacceptanceofProp.Aandwaslikewisereintroducedfordiscussion.BecauseitconcernedonlytwoExamples,itwasautomaticallyreferredtotheEditorialCommittee.

36.Art.52Prop.BwasamendedtoconverttheNotetoanArti-cle,toreplace“mention”with“citation”,andtoinsert“exact”before“diagnosticphrasename“.TheEditorialCommitteewasinstructed to ensure that the “unambiguous reference” may not be an indirect or cryptic reference.

37.Art.53Prop.Ewasamendedtodeletetheadditionalfirstsen-tence,toreplace“twoormorehomonyms”with“twoormore

Table 5. CardvotestakenattheNomenclatureSectionoftheShenzhenCongress,showingtheproportionsofinstitutionalvotesandpersonalvotes.Description Result Vote type Yes No Total %YesCardvote1:Art.6Prop.J(Art.6.10:basionymdoesnotitselfhaveabasionym)

acc. inst. 255 127 382 66.8%pers. 77 45 122 63.1%total 332 172 504 65.9%

Cardvote2:referArt.9Prop.MtotheSpecial-purposeCommitteeonTypification(illustrationaslectotypeoffungalnametobediagnostic)

sp.p.c. amend.

inst. 213 191 404 52.7%pers. 64 59 123 52.0%total 277 250 527 52.6%

Cardvote3:Rec.18AProp.A(selectionofgenericnameinforminganewfamilyname)

rej. inst. 208 205 413 50.4%pers. 56 66 122 45.9%total 264 271 535 49.3%

Cardvote4:Art.20Prop.A(endingdateforArt.20.2)


Cardvote5:Art.41Prop.I(author’spresumedintentinArt.41.4)


Cardvote6:Art.41Prop.O(deletelastsentenceofArt.41.5)


Cardvote7:Art.42Prop.D(GeneralCommitteemaydeclareregistrationtobemandatory)


Cardvote8:Div.IIIProp.C(fungalgovernance)

acc. amend.

inst. 266 144 410 64.9%pers. 80 36 116 69.0%total 346 180 526 65.8%

Abbreviations:acc.=accepted;acc.amend.=acceptedasamended;inst.=institutionalvotes;pers.=personalvotes;rej.=rejected;sp.p.c.amend.=referredtoaSpecial-purposeCommitteeasamended.



legitimatehomonyms”,andtoaddanewNoteafterArt.53.1:“Simultaneously published homonyms are not illegitimate on accountoftheirhomonymyunlessanearlierhomonymexists.”

38.Art.54Prop.Areceived81%“no”votesinthepreliminaryguidingmailvote,butitwasreintroducedfordiscussion.Itwasacceptedasamendedtoreplace“analgaorfungus”with“afungus”.

39.Rec.54AProp.Bwasamendedtodelete“priorto1January2025”.40.Art.56Prop.DwasreferredtotheEditorialCommittee,which

willpresumablyamendArt.56.3inparallelwithArt.14Prop.J,whichwasaccepted.

41.Art.59Prop.AwasreferredtotheSpecial-purposeCommitteeonPleomorphicFungi(Art.59).

42.Art.60Prop.KandLwerebothamendedtoconverttheVotedExamplestoregularExamples.TheSectionthenchosebetweenthetwoproposals,preferringProp.K,whichwasreferredtotheEditorialCommittee,whereasProp.Lwasrejected.

43.Art.60Prop.RwasreferredtotheEditorialCommitteewiththeinstructiontoconsiderimprovingthestructureofArt.60,notnecessarilyasproposed,andtoconsiderconvertingtoArticlesthe“back-doorrules”ofRec.60C.1and60C.2(viaArt.60.12)andRec.60G.1(viaArt.60.8).

44.Rec.60HProp.AwasamendedtoretainthecurrentwordingofRec.60H.1buttoinsert“orreplacementnames”after“namesofnewtaxa”.

45.Div.IIIProp.Awasamendedtoread“(8) RegistrationCommit-tee,chargedwithassistingthedesignandimplementationofrepositoriesfornewnamesandnomenclaturalacts,monitoringthefunctioningofexistingrepositories,andadvisingtheGeneralCommitteeonrelevantmatters.TheCommitteehasthepowertoelectofficersasdesired,tofillvacancies,andtoestablishtempo-rarysubcommitteesinconsultationwiththeGeneralCommittee,andincludesatleast5membersappointedbytheNomenclatureSectionselected,inpart,toensuregeographicbalance,andrep-resentativesnominatedby:(1) theotherPermanentNomenclatureCommittees,(2) prospectiveorfunctioningrepositories,(3) the InternationalAssociationforPlantTaxonomy,(4) theInterna-tionalOrganisationofPalaeobotany,(5)theInternationalFedera-tionofPalynologicalSocieties,(6) theInternationalPhycologicalSociety,(7) theInternationalMycologicalAssociation,and(8) theInternationalAssociationofBryologists.”

46.Div.IIIProp.Bwasamendedasfollows:inparagraph2.4byreplacing“specialistcommittees”with“Per-manentNomenclatureCommittees”

inparagraph4.11byreplacing“must”with“shouldpreferably”byaddinganewclause5.1(4)“rejectingasingled-outrecom-mendationoftheGeneralCommittee(see5.4);”

[note:clause5.1(4)couldpossiblybesubsumedwithinclause5.1(5),below]

byaddinganewclause5.1(5)“rejectingoneormorerecommen-dationsoftheGeneralCommitteeonconservationorrejectionofnames,suppressionofworks,orbindingdecisions.”

bymovingclause5.2(5)“referringitemstotheEditorialCom-mittee;”toparagraph5.1,asclause(1bis)

inclause5.2(8)byadding“notincludedin5.1(4)”attheend[note:theadditionofclause5.1(5)possiblymakesclause5.2(8)redundant]

inparagraph5.6bydeleting“Notes,”inparagraph7.4byreplacing“whowerepresent”with“whoshouldpreferablyhavebeenpresent”andbyreplacing“previ-ous”with“relevant”

inRec.7Abyinserting“andgender”before“balanced”andbydeletingthesecondsentence(“IntheGeneralCommittee[…]”)

inparagraph7.11byreplacingthethirdsentencewith“Ifaspe-cialistcommitteeisunabletomakearecommendationaftervotingatleasttwice,theproposalisreferredtotheGeneralCommitteewithoutarecommendationfromthespecialistcommittee.”

inparagraph7.12byinserting“oroverturn”after“approve”;inthesecondsentencebyreplacing“Inthiscase”with“Ineithercase”;andbyreplacingthethirdsentencewith“Iftherequiredmajorityisnotachievedaftervotingatleasttwice,theGeneralCommitteeisconsideredtohaverecommendedagainsttheproposaloragainstmakingabindingdecision.TheGeneralCommitteemayalsodecidetoreferthematterbacktothespecialistcommitteeforfurtherconsideration.”

47.Div.IIIProp.Cwasamendedtoreplaceinparagraph8.1“Forproposals relating solely to names of organisms treated as fungi”with“Forproposalsrelatingtomaterial inthechap-terthatgatherstogetherarticlessolelydealingwithnamesoforganismstreatedasfungi(butexcludinganyothermaterial)”.Theproposalwasthenacceptedonacardvote(346yes:180no;65.8%yes).

48.Div.IIIProp.Dwasamendedtoinsertattheendofparagraph7.new“iftheyarenotalreadymembersoftheNomenclatureCommitteeforFungi”.

49.App.IProp.Awasamendedtoread“MoveAppendixIintothemain body of the Code.RenumberApp.II–VIIIasApp.I–VIII.Editoriallyadjusttherelevantcross-referencesthroughouttheCode.”

NEW PROPOSALS

Afterdealingwiththe397publishedproposalstoamendtheCode,theSectionconsidered16newproposalstoamendtheCode (“proposalsfromthefloor”).Ofthese,thefollowingwereaccepted(Nos.1–4,6and7),acceptedasamended(No.5),orreferredtoaSpecial-purposeCommittee(No.8).Oftheremaining8proposals,whicharenotshownhere,7wererejectedand1waswithdrawn.

(1)ProposedbyJ.McNeill:Amend Art. 9 Note 1 to read (new text in bold) [text in square brackets already accepted from Art. 9 Prop. C]:“Note 1.Anydesignationmadebytheoriginalauthor,ifdefi-

nitelyexpressedatthetimeoftheoriginalpublicationofthenameofthetaxon,isfinal(butseeArt.9.11and9.15).Iftheauthorusedonlyoneelement[(i.e.specimenorillustration)]when preparing the account of the new taxon,itmustbeacceptedastheholotype.Ifanameofanewtaxonisvalidlypublishedsolelybyreferencetoapreviouslypublisheddescriptionordiagnosis,thesameconsiderationsapply to material used by the author of that description or diagnosis (seeArt.7.7;butseeArt.7.8).”

(2)ProposedbyJ.McNeill:Amend Art. 9 Note 7 to read (new text in bold):“Note 7.Anepitypesupportsonlythetypetowhichitislinked

bythetypifyingauthor.Ifthesupportedtypeis lost, destroyed, or superseded,theepitypehasnostandingwithrespecttothereplace-ment type.”

TAXON — 14 Aug 2017: 12 pp.



(3)ProposedbyK.Wilson,J.McNeill,D.Mabberley,F.Barrie&V.Funk:Add to the end of Art. 14.3:“14.3 […]Applicationofconservedandrejectednamesofnotho-

generaisdeterminedbyastatementofparentage(Art.H.9.1).”

(4)ProposedbyN.Turland&S.Knapp:Amend Art. 30.2, as already amended by Art. 30 Prop. D (see Notes on Congress action, No. 18, above), as follows (deleted text in strikethrough):“30.2.Anelectronicpublicationisnoteffectivelypublishedif

thereisevidencewithinorassociatedwiththepublicationthatitscontent andformat[layout]ismerelypreliminaryandwas,oristobe,replacedbycontentthatthepublisherconsidersfinal,inwhichcaseonlytheversionwiththatfinalcontentiseffectivelypublished.”

(5)ProposedbyV.Funk,W.Greuter,J.McNeill,V.Malécot&P.Herendeen:Amend Art. 36.2 to read (new text in bold, deleted text in strikethrough) [text in square brackets already accepted from Art. 36 Prop. D]:“36.2.When,onorafter1January1953,twoormoredifferent

names based on the same type are proposed used accepted simultane-ouslyforthesametaxonbythesameauthor[andacceptedasalter-nativesbythatauthorinthesamepublication](so-calledalternativenames),noneofthem, if new,isvalidlypublished.Thisruledoesnotapplyinthosecaseswherethesamecombinationissimultaneouslyusedatdifferentranks,eitherforinfraspecifictaxawithinaspeciesorforsubdivisionsofagenuswithinagenus(seeRec.22A.1–2and,26A.1–3),nortonamesprovidedforinArt.59.1.”

Theproposalwasamendedtoreplacetheaddedword“used”with“accepted”.

(6)ProposedbyJ.McNeill:Add a new clause (c), a footnote, and an Example to Art. 54.1:“(c)Anameofataxontreatedasbelongingtothealgaeorfungi

butoriginallyassignedtoagroupnotcoveredbythisCode and that isunavailableforuseundertheprovisionsoftheotherCode1,usuallybecauseofhomonymy,isillegitimateunderthisCode.”

[footnote]“1Suchnamesaretermed“objectivelyinvalid”intheInternational Code of Zoological Nomenclature and “illegitimate” in the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (formerly the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria).”

“Ex. 1. Cribrosphaerella DeflandreexGórka(inActaPalaeontol.Polon.2:239,260,280.5Sep1957)waspublishedundertheprovisionsof the International Code of Zoological NomenclaturefortheCreta-ceouscoccolithalgae,previouslyknownasCribro sphaera Arkhang.(inMater.Geol.Rossii25:411.1912),anobjectivelyinvalid(equivalenttoillegitimate)nameunderthatCode,beingalaterhomonymofCribrosphaeraPopofsky(inErgebn.Plankton-Exped.3(L.f.β):22,32,63.1906)agenusofRadiolaria. Although Cribro sphaera Arkhang.is not a later homonym under this Code,itisillegitimateasitisnotavailableforuseaccordingtotheprovisionsoftheCodeunderwhichitwaspublished;consequentlyCribrosphaerella is the correct name for the genus under both Codes.”

Theproposernotedasuggestionthatthenewclause(c)couldbeeditoriallyincorporatedintothecurrentwordingofArt.54.1(b),asfollows(newtextinbold):

“(b)Anameoriginallypublishedforataxonotherthananalga,fungus,orplant,even ifvalidlypublishedunder thisCode (Art.

32–45),isillegitimateifit(i)becomesahomonymofanalgal,fun-gal,orplantnamewhenthetaxontowhichitappliesisfirsttreatedasanalga,fungus,orplant(seealsoArt.45.1)or(ii) is unavailable for use under the provisions of the other Code1, usually because of homonymy.”

ThiswillbeconsideredbytheEditorialCommittee,butthepro-poserbelievedthatthepurposeofthenewprovisionisclearerwithaseparateclause(c),presentedabove,asacceptedbytheSection.

(7)ProposedbyP.deLange:Add a new Note under Art. H.2.1:“Note 1.Becauseaspeciesnameisabinarycombination(Art.

23.1)hybridformulaeareexpressedinthefollowingmanner:Kunzea linearis(Kirk)deLange×Kunzea robustadeLange&ToelkenorKunzea linearis(Kirk)deLange×K. robustadeLange&Toelken,notas Kunzea linearis(Kirk)deLange×robustadeLange&Toelken.”

(8)Notaccepted,butreferredtotheSpecial-purposeCommitteeonTypification.ProposedbyM.Schori,S.Redhead,V.Malécot,A.Paton,K.Wilson,H.Lindon,Q.Groom,W.-H.Kusber&H. Hartley:Amend 40.5 (new text in bold) and add a new Note:“40.5.ForthepurposeofArt.40,thetypeofanameofanewspe-

ciesorinfraspecifictaxonofmicroscopicalgaeormicrofungi(fossilsexcepted:seeArt.8.5)maybeaneffectivelypublishedillustrationiftherearetechnicaldifficultiesofpreservationorifitisimpossibletopreserveaspecimenthatwouldshowthefeaturesattributedtothetaxonbytheauthorofthename. For microscopic algae and all fungi, it may be a specimen that consists of more than one gathering as long as they represent the same isolate from a single source or an isolate derived from a single sexual cross.”

“Note 1.Typedesignationsfortaxaotherthanfungiandmicro-scopic algae that include citation of more than one gathering (such as a wildgatheringandacultivatedgatheringormultiplecultivatedgather-ings)arebydefinitionseparategatheringsanddonotmeettheprovi-sionsofArt.8.1and8.2;theproposednamesarenotvalidlypublished.”

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Wearegratefulto:EvaSenkováandMatúš Kempa(InternationalAssociationforPlantTaxonomy[IAPT]CentralOffice,Bratislava)fornotificationanddistributionofinstitutionalvotes,andforprovid-ingtherelevantstatistics;FredBarrie(MissouriBotanicalGardenc/oFieldMuseumofNaturalHistory)andVickiFunk(Smithson-ianInstitution)fortheirhelpwiththeregistrationdesk;andMungSengChua(FairyLakeBotanicalGarden),forexpertlyorganizingtheaudioandvideorecordingsoftheSectionandkindlyprovidingtheBureauofNomenclaturewithcopiesofthedigitalfiles.WealsothankthemultitudeoflocalhelpersinShenzhenwhohelpedwithmicrophones,recording,projection,commentslips,refreshments,thewelcomereception,thecafeteria,theViennaHotel,andtransport.IAPTcoveredtheinternationalairfaresofoneoftheVice-presidentsandtheRecorders’assistant.TheOrganizingCommitteeoftheXIXInternationalBotanicalCongresswasextremelygenerousincoveringallthetravelexpensesofthePresident,theRapporteur-général,andtheVice-rapporteur.JohnMcNeill(RoyalBotanicGardenEdinburghandRoyalOntarioMuseum)andSandraKnapp(NaturalHistoryMuseum,London)commentedonanearlierdraftofthisreport.Finally,wethankSandraKnappforstrictlyyetjoviallymaintainingorderduringthedeliberationsinherroleasPresidentoftheNomenclatureSection.

Documents

XIX International Botanical Congress: Report of Congress ...The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (“Code”; McNeill & al. in Regnum Veg. 154. 2012