Das semantische Web, SS 2008, 2008-06-17, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 1
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© 2008 AGD
The Semantic Desktop
Leo SauermannDFKI GmbH
Universität Kaiserslautern
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 2
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© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 3
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Bringen sie das zusammen?
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Der Desktop nicht,aber das Web.
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 5
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© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 6
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<rdf:RDF xmlns:out="http://www.gnowsis.org/ont/msoutlook/0.1#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" > <rdf:Description rdf:about="outlook:contact/00000000ECD4B99358B9814B9DAFE2255CD8AE9A24EF2700 "> <out:name>Leo Sauermann</out:name> </rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 7
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Personal Information Management
Trivial: Es geht um Termine, Kontakte und E-Mails
Definition von Richard Boardman PIM can be defined as the management of personal information (information owned by an individual, and under their direct control) as performed by the owning individual.
in mehreren Anwendungen
der Kontext geht verloren
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 8
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Persönliches Informationsmanagement (PIM)
Problem: Ein Thema ist über viele Dateien und Anwendungen verteilt
Menschen haben mentale Modelle ihrer Umgebung
Dokumente sind mit den Themen im persönlichen Informationsmodell verbunden
Jeder macht PIM Warum weiß das Window Manager/Betriebssystem das nicht?
the CID project
Documents
Papers
Projects
CID
Research
files emails
Inbox
Todo
SAP
CID-proj
Karlsruhe
contacts
Claudia Stern
Dirk Hagemann
Klaus Nord
CID
Topic
Claudia
Project
Who
Karlsruhe
Task Management
Where
Dirk
CID slides
Document
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 9
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This is an old idea
Memex (Vannevar Bush)1945: A memex is "a device in which an individualstores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility" (“As we may think”)
Open Hypertext System (Doug Engelbart)The open hyperdocument system (OHS) is a standards-based, open source frameworkfor developing collaborative, knowledge management applications. Its primary objective is to support the creation, organization, and maintenance of Dynamic Knowledge Repositories (DKR).
XANADU: DEEP INTERCONNECTION, INTERCOMPARISON AND RE-USE. Since 1960, we have fought for aworld of deep electronic documents– with side-by-side intercomparison and frictionless re-use of copyrighted material. WE FIGHT ON.
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 10
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Semantic Web als enabler
Datensumpf eines Desktop Arbeitsplatzes
Semantic Desktop
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Definition
A Semantic Desktop is a device in which an individual stores all her digital information like documents, multimedia and messages. These are interpreted as Semantic Web resources, each is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) and all data is accessible and queryable as RDF graph. Resources from the web can be stored and authored content can be shared with others. Ontologies allow the user to express personal mental models and form the semantic glue interconnecting information and systems. Applications respect this and store, read and communicate via ontologies and Semantic Web protocols. The Semantic Desktop is an enlarged supplement to the user's memory.
Leo Sauermann, Ansgar Bernardi, Andreas Dengel: Overview and Outlook on the Semantic Desktop. Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on The Semantic Desktop at the ISWC 2005 Conference.
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 12
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Ziele eines Semantic Desktop
Bereitstellung von Information über Anwendungsgrenzen hinwegAufbauend auf Semantic Web StandardsURIRDFRDF/SHTTP
Integriertes InformationsmanagementSemantische Kommunikation und Zusammenarbeit
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 13
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Resources on the Semantic Desktop
Every resource is identified by a URIfile file:///C:/Dokumente%20und
%20Einstellungen/
email imap://[email protected]/INBOX/;UID=3
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 14
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All is RDF
Example: me
Note: URI, Structured
<outlook:contact/0000000ECD4B99358B9814B9DAFE2255CD8AE9A048F2900> a foaf:Person;
foaf:currentProject <http://www.gnowsis.org/>;foaf:family_name "Sauermann";foaf:firstName "Leo";foaf:workInfoHomepage <http://www.dfki.de/~sauermann>;
vcard:address [ a vcard:AddressPostal ; vcard:streetAddress "Pirmasenser Strasse 18" vcard:locality "Kaiserslautern" ; vcard:postalcode "67655" ; vcard:country "Deutschland" ; ] ; kiss:kissed <outlook:contact/00000000ECD4B99358B9814B9DAFE2255CD8AE9AC4612000>;.
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 15
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implementations
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gnowsis 0.9
gnowsis is an open source project
led by DFKI
www.gnowsis.org
gnowsis.opendfki.de
Is used by several researchers inside and outside DFKI to run experiments
Can be used and extended as part of your diploma, bachelor or PhD thesis.
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 17
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Semantic Applications
Desktop Search
GnowsisServer Aperture
Crawlers OutlookOutlook
e-mail server
e-mail server
filesystemfilesystem
OutlookOutlook
PIMO Editor
Crawler
Ont. Matching
FilesFiles
e-maile-mail
Gui invocationTagging
Clustering
Desktop ApplicationsApplication Plugins
Sesame2 Repository
Resource Store
PIMO Store
Configuration Store
Service Store
Domain Ontologies
Lucene Index
Personal Wiki
Web Interfaces
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 18
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Data-flow between services
DataPerson‘s files and e-mails
RDF
adapting to RDF
matchingto PIMO
PIMO
Aperture.sf.net• crawling framework • converts all data to RDF
Alignment• analyzes files and e-mails (and more)• matching to existing things• creating new things
User Interfaces
read/write PIMO
Documents
Papers
Projects
CID
Research
Files E-Mails
Inbox
Todo
SAP
CID-proj
Karlsruhe
Contacts
Claudia Stern
Dirk Hagemann
Klaus Nord
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 19
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Convert Leo from Address-Book to RDF
<rdf:RDF xmlns:nco="http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/2007/03/22/nco#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" > <nco:PersonContact rdf:about="desktop://outlook/contact/ECD4B993"> <nco:fullname>Leo Sauermann</nco:fullname> </nco:PersonContact ></rdf:RDF>
adapting to RDF
desktop://outlook/contact/ECD4B993
PersonContact
is a
“Leo Sauermann”fullname
Microsoft Outlook
done with http://aperture.sourceforge.net
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 20
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Integrate data
desktop://outlook/contact/ECD4B993 “Leo Sauermann”fullname
attends
High probability that <desktop://outlook/contact/ECD4B993> is depicted on <file://home/photos/DSC0042.jpg>.
desktop://outlook/appointment/744A05
2004-08-20T09:00:00
2004-08-20T17:00:00
“FOAF Camp”title
dtstart
dtend
file://home/photos/DSC0042.jpg 2004-08-20T11:24:00dateTimeOriginal
between
Is Leo depicted?
Yes No
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 21
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Example: Semantic Desktop Photo Archive
Leo
Leo with Mobile_phone,Laptop near Enschede. During FoafCamp.
Leo Sauermanndesktop://outlook/contact/ECD4B993a Person
Enschedehttp://www.dbpedia.org/resource/Enschede
a City
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 22
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NepomukNepomuk is an EU
project . It’s topic is the
Social Semantic Desktop .
DFKI coordinates .
NepomukNepomuk is an EU
project . It’s topic is the
Social Semantic Desktop .
DFKI coordinates .
Personal Semantic Wiki for note-taking
Terms
Types
Relation types
Relations
RDF
We can use a personal semantic wiki everywhere: comments, notes, documents, websites, blogs, e-mails, …
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 23
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Semantic Wiki – User Interface
Kaukoluwiki
open source
•Assistance system•Automatic annotation
Malte Kiesel, Kaukolu: Hub of the Semantic Corporate Intranethttp://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/~kiesel/2006-06-12-Kaukolu-SemWikiESWC2006.pdf
http://kaukoluwiki.opendfki.de/
Express thoughts using free text
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 24
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Application plugins, mini-applications, mashups
tagging e-mails
Idea: Let people use their existing applications to get their knowledge work done
drop-box
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 25
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Application: Drop Box
Helps filing informationuses PIMO structures concepts and foldersKnows the users model and istrained by using itprocess flow
files are stored into a Drop-Box folderfiles are text-analysed and possible
target folders are suggestedDrop-Box user interface showsuser selects a folder, classifyfiles are moved and classified
Learns from the user
doc:… EPOS …
Project:EposEPOS, DFKI,Maus, …
PIMO of Paul
=
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 26
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search
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 27
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Data Enrichment through Alignment
Entity LinkageExample for identity matching
<file:///425.pdf> rdf:type Publication<file:///425.pdf/person_1> ...author “Steven Kean”<file:///425.pdf/person_2> ...author “Mark Schroeder”
<file:///686.pdf> rdf:type Publication<file:///686.pdf/person_1> author “Steaven Kean”<file:///686.pdf/person_2> author “James Derrick”<file:///686.pdf/person_3> author “Mark Schroeder”
results infile:///425.pdf/person_1 ...similar_to file:///686.pdf/person_1
similar based on use,but different writing
Probabilistic entity linkage for heterogeneous information spaces.Ekaterini Ioannou, Claudia Niederee, Wolfgang Nejdl. In CAiSE, (2008). (to appear)
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 28
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Learning from the user’s behavior
Plugins gather user actions
Elicitation of task concepts
Notification of GUI
Applicationsshows documents, people, projects, topics
relevant to current work
search documents via context: “I saw it after working with Dirk”
pro-active non-obtrusive assistance
Bayesian Network
UA UA
Domain
Wf Task
NOP NOP NOP NOP
Wf Task
TaCo
Domain
UA
NOP
PIMMaus
PIM MidDFKI KM
PIM Upper
PIM Basic
A Context Model for Personal Knowledge Management ApplicationsSven Schwarz (2006)
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 29
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SeMouse
Annotation of documents using the middle mouse button
Works with Word, Browser, PDF, …
Can be integrated with other frameworks (gnowsis)
Sergio F.Anzuola
click!
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 30
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EU ProjektDauer 1.1.2006 – 31.12.2008Förderung 11.5 M€Gesamtbudget 17.1 M€
ZieleStandardisierung
innerhalb EuropasBeitrag zur Vision Europas
als wettbewerbsfähigste Wissensgesellschaft
Kombiniert alle vorgestellten AnsätzeKontakt
Webseite http://nepomuk.semanticdesktop.orgE-mail [email protected] Dr. Ansgar Bernardi
Die Zukunft des Semantic Desktop
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 31
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KDE4.0 has this technology built in
http://nepomuk.kde.org
Tagging of files, e-mails,contacts, …System-wide taggingDesktop search engine is based on RDF and semantic web
You can do much more than tagging with this!http://nepomuk.kde.org/discover/user
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 32
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Beagle++
Semantische Desktop-SuchmaschineIndex enthält Metadaten und Kontext
Optimiertes Ranking der Ergebnisse
Relationen
Forschungsprojekt von L3SOpen Source, Java und C#
Sesame DB
Für Linux/Gnome/Beagle
sehr zu empfehlen:der VM download
http://beagle.kbs.uni-hannover.de/
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 33
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DBin
ein verteilter Semantic Desktop
Suche nach Information
Kollektiv arbeiten
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Open IRIS
verwandte Daten
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Haystack
Very good user interface
Much research done
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data extraction
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Extracting Information
<rdf:RDF xmlns:out="http://www.gnowsis.org/ont/msoutlook/0.1#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" > <rdf:Description rdf:about=" rdfp://leo.gnowsis.com/msoutlook/contact/00000000ECD4B99358B9814B9DAFE2255CD8AE9A24EF2700 "> <out:name>Leo Sauermann</out:name> </rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 38
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structured files – quite simple
.doc (author, title).xml.oomp3 (album, ..).jpg
more file formats
•time
•aperture
•camera
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 39
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structured data sources
address books
e-mail server using IMAPe-mail system likecalendar
weird idea:all of them: data extracted using API
two approaches:1) crawl everything2) access data sources live – virtual graphs
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 40
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crawl everything
Microsoft Outlook
convert
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 41
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Microsoft Outlook
adapter
virtual graph
user asks question
query language
graph only answers the question
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Microsoft Outlook
adapter
rdf query languages
find ( s, p, o)
cbd (s)
SPARQL (…)
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 43
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rdf query languages
are your glasses
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query languages
SeRQL
RDQL
….
SPARQL is a superset
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 45
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the virtual graph is never stored
it is created on demand when a query is fired
virtual?
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 46
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known subject querying - easy
SPARQLSELECT ?name, ?email WHERE(<uri:leo123> x:name ?name).(<uri:leo123> x:email ?email).
Jena – query engine does thisfind (<uri:leo123> x:name ?name).
find (<uri:leo123> x:email ?email).
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 47
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logic behind
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Java implementation
using the Jena framework by HPfind (<uri:leo123> x:name ?name).
find (<uri:leo123> x:email ?email).
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 49
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search for subject
Problem
SELECT ?uri WHERE(?uri x:name “Leo”).
use an index to lookup
if this index is not in your datasource -bad thing
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 50
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reordering
SELECT ?email WHERE
(?who x:email ?email). (?who x:name “Leo”).
query reordering – evaluate unbound triples lastJena ARQfind ( ?who x:name “Leo”)?who = <uri:leo>find (<uri:12112> x:email ?email).
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 51
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complex queries
Email Addresses of all Austrians SELECT ?email WHERE
(?who x:address ?adress).(?address x:country “Austria”).(?who x:email ?email).
reordering, index, ??code??
performance problems
some queries are not possible to run
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 52
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summary on virtual graphs
invest much time
sit it outwait until big company ( )
implements SPARQL
Leo Sauermann, Sven Schwarz Gnowsis Adapter Framework: Treating Structured Data Sources as Virtual RDF Graphs.
or use a simpler query language: cbd/DESCRIBE
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 53
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cbd or describe – a simpler way to query
cbd ( “urn:leo:kaiserslautern” , someoptions )
also part of SPARQL:DESCRIBE <urn:leo:kaiserslautern>
return graph<rdf:RDF xmlns:out="http://www.gnowsis.org/ont/msoutlook/0.1#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" > <rdf:Description rdf:about=" rdfp://leo.gnowsis.com/msoutlook/contact/00000000ECD4B99358B9814B9DAFE2255CD8AE9A24EF2700 "> <out:name>Leo Sauermann</out:name> </rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 54
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Concise Bounded Resource Descriptions
CBDThe subgraph around a resource
“A concise bounded description of a resource is a body of knowledge about a named resource which does not include any explicit knowledge about any other named resource.”
[Patrick Stickler http://sw.nokia.com/uriqa/URIQA.html ]
The URIQA concise bounded description of a resource includes:all statements where the resource is subject
Recursively for all statements already found, if there is an anonymous node, include the statements about it, too
Recursively for all statements already found, include the CBRD of any reifications.
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 55
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User Context
Observe User behaviour
Resources that were accessed
Inspired by the Human Mind ModelIncoming Perceptions (Actions)
Short Term Memory
Display of the recent Resources
Enables good default values
Future use for user support
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 56
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stack
pre - Semantic Desktop Semantic Desktop
Application
CORBA LDAP ActiveX
http ...SQL
HTML
interface
data
semantics
Relationaldatabases
XML .pdf.xls
Manuals UML
SOAP
RDF
ontologies
Application
...
text
SPARQL
RDF/S, OWL
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 57
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Experimental Projects at TU Kaiserlsautern
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 58
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Diploma Thesis and Research Projects
Diploma ThesisConTag by Benjamin Horak
Semantic Wikis in Knowledge Management by Dominik Heim
Cognitive Aspects by Danish Nadeem
Semantic Meeting Management by Man Luo
Trend Analysis of use Shingo Kubo
Research Projects at DFKIEPOS – Evolving Personal to Organizational Knowledge Spaces
MyMory
Nepomuk EU Project
© 2006 AGD Das semantische Web, SS 2006, 2006-05-09, AG Wissensbasierte System, TU KL. 59
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Literature
Bush, V.As We May ThinkThe Atlantic Monthly, 1945, 176(1)
Nelson, T.As We Will Think (“Xanadu”)On-line 72 Conference Proceedings, 1972, vol. 1
Sauermann, L.; Bernardi, A. & Dengel, A.Overview and Outlook on the Semantic Desktop 2005 Leo Sauermann, Gunnar AAstrand Grimnes, Malte Kiesel, Christiaan Fluit, Heiko Maus, Dominik Heim, Danish Nadeem, Benjamin Horak, Andreas Dengel
Semantic Desktop 2.0: The Gnowsis Experience 2006
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Questions?
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© 2008 AGD
•d•d•d jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj•djjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj•d•asd•asfd•asdfasfd•asdf•asfd•sadf•asfd•asdf•sadf•asdf•asdf•asdf•asdf•asdf•asdf•asdf•asdf•sda•fd•dfs•dfs•sda•df•da•sfd•asdf•f•fad
•dsfsfd
•fds•d•sfd•dfs•fds
mash it up!
</SemanticWeb></rdf:RDF>
Leo Sauermann
[email protected]://www.dfki.de/~sauermann/
Danke an Jesus, Ingrid Brunner-Sauermann, Heiko Maus, Sven Schwarz, Ansgar Bernardi, Andreas Dengel, Frank Osterfeld, Dominik Heim, Man Luo, Jeen Broekstra, Giovanni Tummarello, Michael Zeltner, Stephan Baumann, Gunnar A Grimnes, Ludger Van Elst, Harald Holz, Stefan Decker, Malte Kiesel, und alle anderen auf #swig
paid internshipsdiploma theses
open source