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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
The Role of MBT in Europe
Wolfgang Mller
Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
Ingenieurgesellschaft Witzenhausen Fricke & Turk GmbH,
Bischhuser Aue 12
D-37213 Witzenhausen Germany;
Tel.: +49-5542-9308-13
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
Why pretreat waste before landfilling ?
landfill gas production global warming
Adverse environmental effects
leachate groundwater pollution
EU Landfill Directive (99/31/EC) targetsEU Landfill Directive (99/31/EC) targets
Country heaviliy reliant on
landfill will be able to claim
derogations to delay
meeting targets by 4 years,
e.g. UK
Requirement
Target percentage
reduction in landfilling
of biodegradable waste
EU Landfill Directive (99/31/EC) targetsEU Landfill Directive (99/31/EC) targets
Country heaviliy reliant on
landfill will be able to claim
derogations to delay
meeting targets by 4 years,
e.g. UK
Requirement
Target percentage
reduction in landfilling
of biodegradable waste
MBT in Europe
e
cyc ng ecovery
ferrous and non-ferrous metals
RDF (from high calorific fraction)
renewable energy (from biodegradables, by AD)
other recyclables: paper, plastics, glass, inerts
compost/soil conditioner
by 2005 by 2010 by 2015
Recycling or composting rateof household waste
25% 30% 33%
Recovery rate of municipal waste 40% 45% 67%
By 2010By 200675% of the 1995 levels
By 2013By 200950% of the 1995 levels
By 2019By 201435% of the 1995 levels
By 2010By 200675% of the 1995 levels
By 2013By 200950% of the 1995 levels
By 2019By 201435% of the 1995 levels
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
Waste compositition
sugar
starch easilyporteins
lipids
cellulose
lesshemi-
cellulose
lignin/ noLOIofBMW
anaerobic
degradability
LOI
h
umic substancescarbonates
water
plastics no
inorganic
substances/
ash
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
MBT-tunnel windrow composting (Frohnleiten)
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
MBT-tunnel and roofed open windrow composting(Frohnleiten)
Nachrotte Linz
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausenMBT with AD; Hannover (D)
capacity:
MBT including anaerobic digestion:
200.000 to/a
Main elements:Front-end: shredding, screening, ballisticseparationdry digestion,followed by table windrow composting withgantry turning system
Performance data AD
Retention time AD: 21 days
Retention time maturation: 6 weeks
Gas production: 150 m/tADinput
Output to landfill: 70.0000 t/a
RDF flow: 100.000 t/a
Exhaust air flow: 3.500 m/tinput
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
Mass reduction
MBT in Europe
fresh matter balance
69.5
93.4
80
100
120
[Mg/batch] fines < 80 mm (batch 20)
entire waste (batch 18)
55.5
58.5 56.7
74.4
0
20
40
60
0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84
composting period [days]
tota
lfreshmatte
r
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
50
60
70oDM-bio-degradation (% )
stationary panel pile
4 weeks ressure ventilation
Degradation of organic matter depending on the type composting technologies
MBT in Europe
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
composting time (weeks)
0
10
20
30
40
then stationary panel pile
18 weeks intensive composting
< 80 mm, 9 weeks boxcomposting, then stationarypanel pile
8 weeks pressure ventilationthen stationary panel pile
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
1
23
4
8
9
10
11
12
13
1: Lysimeter (refined steel) length 100 cm,
diameter 40 cm, volume 125 l
Landfill-Simulation-Reactor (LSR)
MBT in Europe
5
6
7
14
15
Waste5: Perforated refined steel plate with filter
screen
6: Pump
9: tube for percolate water recirculation
13: Gascollection bag
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
Gas formation in landfill simmulation reactor
300
/kgdryma
tter]
20
40
60
80
0
20
40
60
0 100 200 300
untreated MSWpretreated MSW 1
pretreated MSW 2
Time [d]
MBT in Europe
0
100
Cumula
tive
GasPr o
duction[N
l
0 100 200 300 400 500 600Time [d]
0 100 200 300Time [d]
reduction of gas formation
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
Graphik AT4 Osterholz
Paramters to assess biological stability
MBT in Europe
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
KW1 KW3 KW4 KW5 6
7 8 10 11 13
RI (AT4) [mg O2/g DM]
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
weeks
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
Correlation between the
potential of landfill gas
formation and SRI/AT4
MBT in Europe
150
200
250
150
200
250
gas(l/
kgDM)
0 10 20 30 40 50
0
50
100
10 20 30 40 50
0
50
100
Respiration activity BOD4 (mg / g DM)
potentiallandf
ill
TUHH
TUD
BUGW
BOKU
Institutes
Respiration acitivity SRI/AT4 (mg O2/g DM
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
Correlation between various tests (Adani); amended
PDRI SRI/AT4 SOURSAPRO-
MATDOC
DOChydro-philic
DOChydro-phobic
BM100
PDRI 1 0.64
SRI/AT4 0.78 1 0.74
SOUR 0.70 0.55 1
SAPROMAT 0.65 0.72 0.57 1
DOC 0.36 0.31 0.60 0.53 1
DOC hydrophilic 0.46 0.05 0.69 0.42 0.91 1
DOC hydrophobic 0.14 0.30 0.14 0.52 0.72 n.s. 1
Correlations between BM100 and AT4 and PDRi are derived from samples
from 15 operational MBTs throughout Europe (including Italy), covering allmajor types of technology for composting and some AD processes
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
Stability parameters used in Europe
EU
Static respiration index AT4Dynamic respiration index PDRI
< 10 mg O2/g dm
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
60
70
80
90
100
BMW diversion
(% of input to biological treatment)
Process testing with respect to BMW/LATS diversion according
to the UK guidance on MBT
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
treatment time (weeks)
table windrow composting-1
table windrow composting-2
table windrow composting-3
aerated windrow composting-1
aerated windrow composting-2
Anaerobic digestion - dry system 1
Anaerobic digestion - dry system 2
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
Stabilized organic matter from MBT in landfill
Long-term carbon storage
reduced global warming
MBT in Europe
High water holding capacity
Very little degradation in landfill
methane can be oxidized at the landfill surface cap (landfill
oxidation layer)
High pH buffer capacity and capacity to fix pollutants in the waste
like heavy metals
release of pollutants will be reduced/happen to a lower rate
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
water
CO
MBT in Europe
high calorificmaterial
inorganicmaterial
CH4
organicmatter
water
inorganicmaterial
stablilisedorganics
Mechanical and
Biological Treatment
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
Main MBT approaches
MBT in Europe
Biological stabilisation stabilised waste for landfilling (or land spreading)
Bio-drying (Ecodeco, Herhof) production of RDF
Anaerobic digestion renewable energy from biogas
Sophisticated mechanical separation separation of recyclables
Physical treatment:Autoclaving production of fibre;
physical drying (instead of biological drying)
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausenMain MBT approaches
Biological stabilisationincluding AD and composting
mechanical
processing
AD
RDF (5 - 50%)
Recycables (3 - 25%)(metals, plastics, etc.)
50 - 95%
70 - 120 m Biogas/t
Input
100%
maturation
stabilised waste
25 - 60%
post refinementRDF, recycables
compost like output (5 - 15%)
rejects to landfill
approx. 20%
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
Main MBT approaches
Biological stabilisation stabilised waste for landfillingor land spreading
mechanical
processing
composting
RDF (5 - 50%)
Recycables (3 - 25%)(metals, plastics, etc.)
50 - 95%
Input
100%
Water
Carbon dioxid20 - 30%
stabilised waste
25 - 60%
post refinementRDF, recycables
compost like output (5 - 15%)
rejects to landfill
approx. 20%
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
MBT Crbern (Leipzig)
Project: MBT Crbern
Client: WEV GmbH
Project dates: Mechanical and Biological Treatment Plant: 300.000 Mg/atunnel composting + windrow composting
Investment costs: ca. 68 Mio.
current stage: Operational since june 2005
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
Integrated Waste treatment centre Hannover
MBT in Europe
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
MBT capacity in Italy (Favoino, 2006)
MBT in Europe
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
MBT plants in Germany
MBT in Europe
48 plants
Capacity: 5.5 Mio tpa
www.asa.de
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
MBT plants in Germany
MBT in Europe
48 plants
Capacity: 5.3 Mio tpa
3.8
24.3
0.9
household waste
commercial waste
71.1
bulky wastesewage sludge
(Hu: 9.750 MJ/Mg)
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Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
Energy balance from MBT plants in Germany
electricity gas (RTO) diesel heat electricity heat electricity heat
yield from Biogas
kWhper Mg waste input
consumption yield from RDF
oder undandoderoderor
MBT without AD 30 - 50 30 - 90 5 - 20 - - -
MBT with AD 30 - 70 20 - 90 5 - 20 10 - 30 30 - 150 25 - 170
Bio-Drying 50 - 110 40 - 110 2 - 10 - 300 - 550 1,200-2,000 - -
200 - 500 800 -1.800
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Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
Respiration acitivity
< 5 mg/g DM
(German/Austrian
limits)
Respiration acitivity
< 10 mg/g DM
(EC limit ??
UK approach
MBT in Europe
> 4 weeks
AD +
composting
2-3 weeks AD
4 10 weeks
composting
2-3 weeks AD
2 5 weeks
composting
flexible ??
2-3 weeks AD
> 1 week composting
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Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
Thank you for your attention
MBT in Europe
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Ingenieurgemeinschaft
Fricke & Turk GmbHWitzenhausen
Main MBT approaches
Anaerobic digestion renewable energy from biogas
shredding
Input100%
WaterC arbon dioxid(appro x. 1 - 3 weeks)
composting
re jec ts to land fill
approx. 20%
mechanicalprocessing
RD F (40 - 50% )
metals (2 - 4% )
Recycables ?
20 - 30%
70 - 80%
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Reduction of environmental impact of landfillsby about 65 % (according to landfill directive)
Threshold values to meet
EU-landfill directive
Respiration activity AT4 (within 4 days) < 10 mg/g DM
MBT in Europe
Proposed in 2nd draft of EU Biowaste directive:AT4 < 10 mg/g DMPDRI < 1,000 mg O2/(g VS * h)
Proposed:- Italy (regionally)- France- Spain
Recommended