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Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken in den USA

US Bibliotheken

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Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken in den USA

Themen

• Bibliothekstypen / US-Bildungswesen• bibliothekswissenschaftliches Studium• Literaturversorgung• Zukunftsperspektiven• Aussagen von US-Kollegen

Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken

• academic libraries – Bibliothek einer Hochschule• research libraries – überwiegend aber nicht

exklusiv academic libraries – einige ÖB und Spezialbibliotheken zählen dazu– ÖB – New York Public, Boston Public, et al.– SB – Folger, Newberry, Getty, et al.

academic libraries – Vielfalt

• Amer. Bildungssystem ist wesentlich anders als das allgemein europäische

• Viele Berufe haben als Voraussetzung ein abgeschlossenes Hochschulstudium

• Dementsprechend eine Unzahl von Einrichtungen

academic libraries

• drei grobe Kategorien– community college libraries (associate – 2 Jahre)– college libraries (BS & BA – 4 Jahre)– university libraries (master/PhD)

• university libraries ein breites Feld– Spitzengruppe – Association of Research Libraries –

die 115 „wichtigsten“ Bibliotheken– der Rest

Stellenwert der Bibliothek

• schon lange nicht mehr selbstverständlich• Missverständnisse in der Verwaltung

– was tut eine Bibliothek heute?– zunehmende Googleisierung– wir sind z.T. selber Schuld

• Oft nicht mehr als zentral betrachtet (z.B. -hier, hier und hier)

• die aktuelle Finanzkrise leitet eine dustere Zeit ein

academic libraries - Belegschaft

• community college od. college – ca. 6-10 Bibliothekarstellen, ca. 10-20 Hilfskräfte

• university library – hängt von Größe und Etat ab, variiert dramatisch

• Kansas State University – ca. 120 Mitarbeiter, davon ~40 Bibliothekarsstellen

• Yale University – ca. 650 Mitarbeiter, davon 200+ Bibliothekarsstellen

berufsqualifizierender Abschluss

• Master of Library Science – MLS– heißt oft heutzutage anders– einziger bedeutender Abschluss für Bibliothekare

• BLS gibt es nur noch selten• PhD in Library Science gibt es, unterschiedliche

Meinungen dazu – für den Beruf eher unwichtig• Alle US-Bibliothekare haben mindestens ein

weiteres Fach bis zum Bachelors studiert

MLS

• ca. 50 Universitäten bieten (noch) diesen Abschluss – wenig Zuwachs zu erwarten

• Nicht besonders gut verteilt• Viele Bundesländer haben keine Uni mit diesem

Fach im Angebot• Online-Studiengänge sehr beliebt, oft die

einzige Möglichkeit• Studiert wird i.d.R. an der nächstliegenden Uni

oder online

MLS

• Dauert ca. zwei Jahren, 36-42 SWS, oder ca. 12-14 Seminare

• Oft ältere Studenten, die in Bibliotheken schon lange gearbeitet haben, oder umsteigen

• Studiengebühren oft erheblich• Einige Studiengänge haben einen guten guten

Ruf, aber Hauptsache bleibt, man hat einen MLS, egal woher

Literaturversorgung

• was man erwarten kann– OPAC– Linkresolver– E-Zeitschriften-Liste– Fernleihe kostenlos und (oft) online– mind. eine große ‚Universaldatenbank‘ mit Volltext-

Artikeln– synchrone Online-Hilfe, mind. 40-50 Stunden– Handapparat für viele Seminare

Literaturversorgung

• was man erwarten kann, Forts.– mind. 60+ Datenbanken, i.d.R. wesentlich mehr– Zugang – überall, 24/7 zu 99% der Online-Ressourcen– subject guides– Öffnungszeiten – mehr als 100 Wochenstunden,

sieben Tage– Essen/Trinken in der Bibliothek– flächendeckendes WLAN auf dem Campus

Zukunftsperspektiven

• so viele Meinungen wie es Bibliothekare gibt• wichtige Aussagen zum Thema

– David Lewis– Taiga Forum– Darien Statements

Lewis – vier Annahmen

• Libraries are a means, not an end. It's about providing an information subsidy for a community.

• Libraries confront disruptive technologies, e.g.- book digitization.

• Real change requires real change. Make major changes, and do so deliberately.

• We have a window of opportunity; people like libraries and we have some banked good will.

Lewis – fünfteilige Strategie

• Complete the migration from print to electronic collections

• Retire legacy print collections• Redevelop the library as an informal learning

space• Reposition library tools, resources, and

expertise• Migrate from purchasing materials to curating

content

Taiga Forum

• provokative Aussagen, weder Wünsche noch Prognosen– One of the misconceptions about the statements has been that

the Taiga meeting participants believe that these things will happen, or, more interestingly, should happen. ... We hoped the statements would inspire conversation—and resistance!—at our meeting. We very intentionally meant to say that we feel that research libraries are facing serious challenges to core areas of what we do and that we want to talk about these challenges without presuming any answers. I would also add … that I think the statements also explicitly confront superficial optimism about how academic libraries—and librarians—will transition into new roles. (K. Antelman, NCSU Libraries)

Darien Statements

• sehr positiv begrüßt• kommen eher aus dem Bereich der ÖB• Kritik:

Preserve the integrity of civilization? What does it mean, this “integrity of civilization?” Do the authors mean “preserve our [western] civilization?” Sounds mighty important. Do you think we’re up to it?

Okay, seriously, everybody back to work.

Darien Statements

• weitere Kritik– … may I suggest there is a rather large amount of

fatal hubris, here, especially, ” . . . the purpose of the Library overrides that mission when the two come into conflict,” and ”preserve the integrity of civilization.” That’s something ardent religious fundamentalists might say about their beliefs, and suggests what I have long suspected, libraries are becoming a narrow inconsequential religion, hardly the stuff to latch on to. … This is a most unfortunate statement, and strikes me more as buggy whip makers’ whistling in the dark than a carefully considered attempt to make a future for libraries.

Darien Statements

• weitere Kritik– I can appreciate these very grandiose ideas that

connect us to Alexandria and libraries of yore … but libraries evolve and change as society does. And librarians, wonderful as we are and knowledgeable as we may be, are not the driving force behind that evolution. Society at large is. … This was a lovely read that certainly made me feel like a Big, Important Librarian (with caps, even!), but the world is far too complex to think we somehow own the patent on preserving the integrity civilization. The idea made me smile, though.

Was muss man erwähnen

• Frage: working on lecture on american academic libraries - what should i not neglect to mention?

• Gestellt über Twitter und einen Blog …

Antworten

• change renders them panic-stricken• The need for collaboration amongst academic

libraries.  We cannot afford to participate in the rivalry that exist between campuses. In fact, I think this will be a huge realignment in public universities as we acknowledge that there is really not enough money to give to two state universities to do the same things poorly in competition with each other.

Antworten

• As libraries we have to press for open access and technologies and licenses that promote open access.

• Particularly for a non-American audience, I think the history of the American library (system) would be of interest, especially those tidbits of history likely to be largely unknown to them (or to practically all American audiences, as well). Linkages with the ideals of free access to information and the educative, elevating, empowering, ennobling, and liberating potential of access to information might be of great interest.

Antworten

• Another point is the relative extent to which librarians are professionally organized in North America; likewise, their self-consciousness, enthusiasm, professional assertiveness and inclination towards advocacy. That assertiveness can, by the way, in my opinion sometimes go much too far -- particularly in terms of what they consider to be their educative (or perhaps a better word is "formative") mission. I can hardly imagine any (at least Continental) European librarian claiming that it is to librarians that one (e.g., students) should go in order to learn what "critical thinking" is and how to practice it. A grotesque example of collective arrogance, it seems to me. …