Das Semantische Daten Web für Unternehmen

Vision, Technologie, Anwendungen

Sören Auer

Forschungsgruppe AKSW

Web server

Web server

Warum Semantic Web?Problem: Try to search for these things on the current Web:• Apartments near German-Russian bilingual childcare in Leipzig.• ERP service providers with offices in Vienna and London.• Researchers working on multimedia topics in Eastern Europe.Information is available on the Web, but opaque to current Web search.

leipzig.deHas everything about childcare in Potsdam.

Immobilienscout.deKnows all about real estate offers in GermanyDB

Web server

DB

Web server

Search engineHTML HTML

RDF RDF

Solution: complement text on Web pages with structured linked open data & intelligently combine/integrate such structured information from different sources:

Vom Web der Dokumente zumSemantic Data Web

Web (since 1992)• HTTP• HTML/CSS/JavaScript

Semantic Web(Vision 1998, starting ???)• Reasoning• Logic, Rules• Trust

Social Web (since 2003)• Folksonomies/Tagging• Reputation, sharing• Groups, relationships

Data Web (since 2006)• URI de-referencability• Web Data integration• RDF serializations

The Long Tail of Information DomainsPictures

NewsVideo

Recipes

Calendar

Currently supportedstructuredcontent types

SemWeb supported structured content

Genesequences

Itinerary ofKing George

Talentmanagement

Popu

larit

y

Not or insufficiently supported content types

The Long Tail by Chris Anderson (Wired, Oct. ´04) adopted to information domains

… …

Requirements-Engineering

……

Special interestcommunities

Die Vision: ein Web Vernetzter Daten

20082007

20082008

20082009

2009

Virtouso

SemMF

SILK

poolparty

DL-Learner

Sindice

Sigma

ORE

OntoWiki

MonetDB

DXX Engine

WiQA

repair

interlink

fuse

classify

enrich

create

Semantic Web - Standards

6

Standardization Semantic Web

1994

1998

• First public presentation of the Semantic Web idea

• Start of standardization of data model (RDF) and a first ontology languages (RDFS) at W3C

2000• Start of large research projects about

ontologies in the US and Europe (DAML & Ontoknowledge)

2002• Start of standardization of a new

ontology language (OWL) based on research results

2004• Finalization of the standard for data

(RDF) and ontology (OWL)

2006

• Standardization of a quer y language(SPARQL, 6. April 2006)

• Ongoing work on rule languages(SWRL, DL-safe rules, RIF)

• Extension of OWL to OWL 1.1 / 2.0• Ontology language of OMG based on UML

(ODM)

Semantic Web Architecture

Now standardized

Current research

2008 •RDFa

2009 •OWL2

Data Zugriff und Integration auf semantischer Ebene

Object-relational mappings (ORM)• NeXT’s EOF / WebObjects• ADO.NET Entity Framework• Hibernate

Entity-attribute-value (EAV)• HELP medical record

system, TrialDB

Column-oriented DBMS• Collocates column values

rather than row values• Vertica, C-Store, MonetDB

Data Web• URIs as entity identifiers• HTTP as data access protocol• Local-As-View (LAV)

RDBMS• Organize data in

relations, rows, cells• Oracle, DB2, MS-SQL

Triple/Quad Stores•RDF data model•Virtuoso, Oracle,

Sesame

Dat

a M

odel

s Others• XML, hierachical, tree,

graph-oriented DBMS

Procedural APIs• ODBC• JDBC

Dat

a Ac

cess Query Languages

• Datalog, SQL• SPARQL• XPATH/XQuery

Dat

a In

tegr

ation

Linked Data• de-referencable URIs• RDF serialization

formats

Enterprise Information Integrationsets of heterogeneous data sources appear as a single, homogeneous data source

Data Warehousing• Based on extract,

transform load (ETL)• Global-As-View (GAV)

ResearchMediatorsOntology-basedP2PWeb service-based

Linked Data Web Technologie1. Nutzt RDF als Datenmodel

LSWT2010

Leipzig

6.5.2010

AKSWorganizes

takesPlaceAt

takesPlaceIn

2. Ist serialisiert in Triple:AKSW organizes LSWT2010LSWT2010 takesPlaceAt “20100506”^^xsd:dateLSWT2010 takesPlaceAt Leipzig

3. Nutzt Content-negotiation

RDF Vokabulare:Klassen & Eigenschaften Hierarchien

Beer rdf:type rdfs:ClassBottomFermentedBeer rdfs:subClassOf BeerBock rdfs:subClassOf BottomFermentedBeerLager rdfs:subClassOf BottomFermentedBeerPilsner rdfs:subClassOf BottomFermentedBeer

hasContent rdf:type rdfs:PropertyhasAlcoholicContent rdfs:subPropertyOf hasContenthasOriginalWortContent rdfs:subPropertyOf hasContent

9

RDF-S Instanzen• Instanzen sind einer oder mehreren Klassen zugeordnet:

Boddingtons rdf:type AleGrafentrunk rdf:type BockHoegaarden rdf:type WhiteJever rdf:type Pilsner

10

Vokabulare: Friend-of-a-Friend (FOAF)

• defines classes and properties for representinginformation about people and theirrelationships

Soeren rdf:type foaf:PersonSoeren currentProject http://OntoWiki.netSoeren foaf:homepage http://aksw.org/SoerenSoeren foaf:knows http://sembase.at/TassiloSoeren foaf:sha1 09ac456515dee

11

Integration von RDF und HTML: RDFa

12

<div typeof="foaf:Person" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"> <p property="foaf:name"> Alice Birpemswick </p> <p> Email: <a rel="foaf:mbox" href="mailto:alice@exa.com">alice@exa.com</a> </p> <p> Phone: <a rel="foaf:phone" href="tel:+1-617-555-7332">+1 617.555.7332</a> </p></div>

Anwendungs- und Einsatzpotentiale im Unternehmen

1. Integration heterogener Informationsbestände mittels Ontologien und Hintergrundwissen (z.B. DBpedia)

2. Semantische Wikis (z.B. OntoWiki) helfen strukturierte Wissensbasen zu erstellen und managen

Transformation von Wikipedia in eine Wissensbasis

• community effort to extract structured information from Wikipedia and to make this information available on the Web

• allows to ask sophisticated queries against Wikipedia (e.g. universities in brandenburg, mayors of elevated towns, soccer players), and to link other data sets on the Web to Wikipedia data

• Represents a community consensus• Recently launched DBpedia Live transforms Wikipedia

into a structred knowledge baseS. Auer; C. Bizer, J. Lehmann, G. Kobilarov, R. Cyganiak, Z. Ives: DBpedia: A Nucleus for a Web of Open Data. 6th International Semantic Web Conference ISWC 2007.S. Auer, J. Lehmann: What have Innsbruck and Leipzig in common? Extracting Semantics from Wiki Content. 4th European Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2007.

Structure in Wikipedia

• Title• Abstract• Infoboxes• Geo-coordinates• Categories• Images• Links– other language versions– other Wikipedia pages– To the Web– Redirects– Disambiguations

Infobox templates{{Infobox Korean settlement| title = Busan Metropolitan City| img = Busan.jpg| imgcaption = A view of the [[Geumjeong]] district in Busan| hangul = 부산 광역시...| area_km2 = 763.46| pop = 3635389| popyear = 2006| mayor = Hur Nam-sik| divs = 15 wards (Gu), 1 county (Gun)| region = [[Yeongnam]]| dialect = [[Gyeongsang]]}}

http://dbpedia.org/resource/Busan

dbp:Busan dbpp:title ″Busan Metropolitan City″dbp:Busan dbpp:hangul ″ 부산 광역시″ @Hangdbp:Busan dbpp:area_km2 ″763.46“^xsd:floatdbp:Busan dbpp:pop ″3635389“^xsd:intdbp:Busan dbpp:region dbp:Yeongnamdbp:Busan dbpp:dialect dbp:Gyeongsang...

Wikitext-Syntax

RDF representation

Eine große multi-linguale, multi-domänen Wissensbasis

DBpedia Extraktion resultiert in:• Beschreibungen von ca. 3.4 Millionen Dingen (1.5 million classified in a consistent

ontology, including 312,000 persons, 413,000 places, 94,000 music albums, 49,000 films, 15,000 video games, 140,000 organizations, 146,000 species, 4,600 diseases

• Labels und Zusammenfassungen in 92 verschiedenen Sprachen; 1,460,000 links to images and 5,543,000 links to external web pages; 4,887,000 external links into other RDF datasets, 565,000 Wikipedia categories, and 75,000 YAGO categories

• Zusammen mehr als 1 Milliarde Fakten (d.h. RDF triple): 257M from English edition, 766M from other language editions

DBpedia hinterläßt sichtbare Spuren in Wissenschaft, Technologie and Gesellschaft• DBpedia became the central interlinking hub on the Data Web• Scientific publications attracted more than 500 citations• More than 15.000 monthly visits on DBpedia.org,

numerous press articles, blog posts …• Ecosystem of commercial and community applications:

ThomsonReuters, BBC, Neofonie, Openlink, Faviki …

Das Semantische Daten Wiki

• Agiles, verteiltes Knowledge Engineering• Kein Wiki mit semantischer Erweiterung (Semantic

MediaWiki, IkeWiki), sondern Ontology Editor der Wiki Konzepte nutzt:– Make it easy to

correct mistakes(ant intelligence)

– Activity can bewatched andreviewed

– Everything canbe undone

AKSW Vorstellung

OntoWiki: Catalogus Professorum

SoftWikiProblem: Requirements Engineering mit großen, geografisch verteilten Stakeholder-Gruppen

Lösung: umfassende Ontologie für RE Wissen + adaptierte OntoWiki Anwendung

Anwendung von TextminingAlgorithmen für DuplicateDetection

OntoWiki: Vakantieland

Take Home Messages

• Semantic Web• Unterstützt die Integration von Daten im Web

(einheitliches Triple-Datenmodel)• Standardisierte (W3C) Linked Data Technologiebasis• Ontologien und Hintergrundwissen (z.B. DBpedia)

hilft bei der Integration heterogener Informationsbestände

• Semantische Wikis helfen RDF Wissensbasen zu erstellen und managen

Vielen Dank!Sören Auerauer@informatik.uni-leipzig.deAgile Knowledge Engineering & Semantic Web (AKSW)

http://aksw.org

Mediencampus “Villa Ida”

Berufsbegleitender Masterstudiengang“Content- & Media Engineering”M1: Medienproduktion (GMP) M2: Web-Technologien (WT) M3: Content- und Wissensmanagement-Systeme (CWM) M4: Crossmediale Produktion (CP) M5: Medienwirtschaft und Medienmanagement (MW) M6: Projektarbeit (PA) M7: E-Business (EB)

http://www.leipzigschoolofmedia.de/