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AvgAvg

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0.210.21

0.430.43

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Three key components:         EF   =   ZHL   x    TAF   x    DFZHL = ìzero hourî levels  -- from new engine test data

TAF = transient adjustment factor  -- adjusts the ZHLs that arederived from steady-state lab testing, to account for how engine speedand load variations in the field affect emissions.

DF  = deterioration factor  --  adjusts for age-related deteriorationand malmaintenance

 The model also adjusts the PM EF for differencesbetween test fuel sulfur level and in-use sulfur level

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Max HP Tier 1 HD07 T1 ratio:HD07 Tier 2 HD07 T2 ratio:HD07 Tier 3 HD07 T3 ratio:HD0711 0.4474 0.52 0.9 0.50 0.44 1.1 na na na16 0.2665 0.52 0.5 0.2665 0.36 0.7 na na na25 0.2665 0.36 0.7 0.2665 0.36 0.7 na na na50 0.3389 0.38 0.9 0.3389 0.32 1.1 na na na100 0.4730 0.37 1.3 0.24 0.24 1.0 0.30 0.24 1.3175 0.2799 0.22 1.3 0.18 0.18 1.0 0.22 0.18 1.2300 0.2521 0.19 1.3 0.1316 0.12 1.1 0.15 0.12 1.3600 0.2008 0.12 1.7 0.1316 0.12 1.1 0.15 0.12 1.3750 0.2201 0.14 1.6 0.1316 0.12 1.1 0.15 0.12 1.3>750 0.1934 0.13 1.5 0.1316 0.12 1.1 na na na

PM ZMLs, g/hp-hrTier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3

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Cycle TAFs Average

Cycle TAFs Average

Cycle TAFs Average

Agricultural Tractor 0.78 0.83 0.50 0.98Crawler Dozer 0.58 0.88 1.50 0.98Rubber-Tire Loader 0.48 1.07 3.68 0.96Excavator 0.53 1.40 0.44 0.87

Backhoe Loader 0.21 2.23 2.66 1.05Skid-Steer Loader 0.23 1.49 1.83 0.95Arc Welder 0.19 3.16 3.22 1.31

CycleLoad Factor Assignment

1.05 1.53 0.95

2.29 2.57 1.10

NOx

High

Low

HC CO

Cycle TAFs Average

Cycle TAFs Average

Agricultural Tractor 0.78 0.71 0.98Crawler Dozer 0.58 1.29 0.99Rubber-Tire Loader 0.48 2.02 1.04Excavator 0.53 0.89 1.03

Backhoe Loader 0.21 2.07 1.16Skid-Steer Loader 0.23 1.74 1.09Arc Welder 0.19 2.11 1.29

1.18

CycleLoad Factor Assignment

Low

1.23 1.01

1.97

PM BSFC

High

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PM for Tier 3 Engines:    TAF increase: 20%ï assume EGR increases transient PMdue to the time lag for clearance of the intake system

NOx for Tier 3 Engines:    TAF increase: 10%ï assume EGR increases transient NOxdue to EGR being turned off during transients

Lacking a transient certification test, Tier 3 engine designswith EGR are likely to have higher transient emissions

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The HDD 2007 version uses very low DFs for all pollutantsbased on highway engine data in MOBILE6

HC, CO, and NOx  (all tiers):ï no clear trend from new (highway-only) dataï so stick with existing DFs, BUTï now using simple unweighted averages of DFs by hp category

PM  (all tiers):ï new approach: use ARB OFFROAD DF:  47% over the median life(DF=1.47)

All DFís still capped at one median life

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Tier 0 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3

HC HD07 0.059 0.014 0.013 0.0072002 0.047 0.036 0.034 0.027

ratio:HD07 0.8 2.6 2.6 3.9

CO HD07 0.190 0.144 0.144 0.1752002 0.185 0.101 0.101 0.151

ratio:HD07 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.9

NOx HD07 0.026 0.026 0.012 0.0072002 0.024 0.024 0.009 0.008

ratio:HD07 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.1

PM HD07 0.058 0.058 0.032 0.0352002 0.473 0.473 0.473 0.473

ratio:HD07 8.2 8.2 14.8 13.5

Deterioration Factor (%  increase/ %  useful life)*

PollutantModel Version

* These are values for A in the equation:  DF = 1 + A*(fraction of useful life expended)

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We removed EEAís ìrugged lifeî adjustment:EEA shortened the highway-derived median lives by 15% to account for the moresevere operating conditions of nonroad engines.  However, nonroad engine designstypically already account for this (mainly by use of de-rated bigger engines); so weremoved the 15% adjustment.

We adjusted the median life for <16 hp engines to match that for 16-50 hp engines,to avoid median lives shorter than the regulatory useful lives;  2500 hrs at full loadequates to 5000 hrs at a 50% typical average load factor (the regulatory useful lifefor these engines is 3000 hr).

Diesel Engine Scrappage:Median Life

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0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

SI Diesel

Emissions (thousand tons)

HDD 2007

NR2002

&'1('#,)2%3,/;*)+0,'Z%D;"*+3#7*1$B&+32*+'&$6#($QRRR

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

SI Diesel

Emissions (thousand tons)

HDD 2007

NR2002

&'1('#,)2%3,/;*)+0,'Z%";/"*+3#7*1$B&+32*+'&$6#($QRRR

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

SI Diesel

Emissions (thousand tons)

HDD 2007

NR2002

&'1('#,)2%3,/;*)+0,'Z%S;/

"*+3#7*1$B&+32*+'&$6#($QRRR

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

SI Diesel

Emissions (thousand tons)

HDD 2007

NR2002

&'1('#,)2%3,/;*)+0,'Z%@EQ?

"*+3#7*1$B&+32*+'&$6#($QRRR

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

SI Diesel

Emissions (thousand tons)

HDD 2007

NR2002

&'1('#,)2%3,/;*)+0,'Z)3'&'1$CK'1$D#7&K20+3#7

02468101214161820

HDD 2007 NR2002

Fuel Consumption

 (billion gal)"*+3#7*1$B&+32*+'&$6#($QRRR

&'1('#,)2%3,/;*)+0,'Z%6&%p%7+(0(-

"*+3#7*1$B&+32*+'&$6#($QRRR

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

VOC CO NOx

Emissions (thousand tons)

HDD 2007

NR2002

&'1('#,)2%3,/;*)+0,'Z%6&%p%7+(0(-"*+3#7*1$B&+32*+'&$6#($QRRR

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

PM10 SOx

Emissions (thousand tons)

HDD 2007

NR2002

7/1(8&;(8(-%([>3(1&*/&'/0,/-1&;=8(2-U30G

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