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Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 1
Dr Lionel Alvarez – 29.11.19 alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
« Le jour où, même à l’école, nous ne serons plus évalués que par des robots… » ADMEE Suisse
La nécessité d’algorithmes irréprochables. Réflexion prospective sur le tout quantifiable à l’école publique
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 2
…
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
https://twitter.com/MichaelRosenYes/status/961524271418834946
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 3 Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 4 Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 5
Zuboff, S. (2015). Big other: surveillance capitalism and the prospects of an information civilization. Journal of Information Technology, 30(1), 75-89.
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
“In a world of Big Other […], the agency […] is gradually submerged into a new kind of automaticity – a lived experience of pure stimulus-
response” (p. 82)
“In a world of Big Other […], the agency […] is gradually submerged into a new kind of automaticity – a lived experience of pure stimulus-
response” (p. 82)
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 6
Zuboff, S. (2015). Big other: surveillance capitalism and the prospects of an information civilization. Journal of Information Technology, 30(1), 75-89.
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
“It eliminates the need for – and therefore the possibility to develop –
trust” (p. 81)
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 7
Zuboff, S. (2019). The age of Surveillance Capitalism. The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. London, United-Kingdom: Profile Book
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
“a world of “no exit” with profound implications for the human future”
(p. 21)
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 8
A thought experiment
Significant influenceof the structure
on individualdecision-making
If open algorithms
How is thisalgorithm built?
If secret algorithms
“Teach to test”
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 9 Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 10
O’Neil, C. (2016). Weapons of Math Destruction. How Big Data increases inequality and threatens democracy. New York, NY: Crown.
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 11
O’Neil, C. (2016). Weapons of Math Destruction. How Big Data increases inequality and threatens democracy. New York, NY: Crown.
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
“school admissions officers, parents, and students find themselves caught
in a frantic effort to game the system”
(pp. 63-64)
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 12
O’Neil, C. (2016). Weapons of Math Destruction. How Big Data increases inequality and threatens democracy. New York, NY: Crown.
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
“But human decision making, while often flawed, has one chief virtue. It
can evolve” (p. 203)
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 13
O’Neil, C. (2016). Weapons of Math Destruction. How Big Data increases inequality and threatens democracy. New York, NY: Crown.
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
“[these algorithms] are constructed not just from data but from the choices we make about which data to pay
attention to–and which to leave out” (p. 218)
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 14
A thought experiment
purpose of education ?
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 15
https://www.compare-school-performance.service.gov.uk/compare-schools?for=primary
Indicators or moderators? ‣ scores? ‣ time on-task? ‣ attendance? ‣ students’ SES? ‣ neighbourhood SES? ‣ number of snow days ‣ …
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 16 Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 17 Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 18 Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
Lang, C., Siemens, G., Wise, A., & Gašević, D. (2017). Handbook of Learning Analytics. Online: Solar. https://doi.org/10.18608/hla17
“The resulting discussion challenged assumptions around learning analytics as a producer of accurate, objective, fully
complete pictures of student learning” Prinsloo, P., & Slade, S. (2017). Ethics and Learning Analytics: Charting the (Un)Charted. p. 51
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 19 Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
Lang, C., Siemens, G., Wise, A., & Gašević, D. (2017). Handbook of Learning Analytics. Online: Solar. https://doi.org/10.18608/hla17
“With predictive models becoming increasingly complex and
incomprehensible by an individual (essentially black boxes), it is important to
start discussing more explicitly the goals of research”
Brooks, C., & Thompson, C. (2017). Predictive Modelling in Teaching and Learning. p. 67
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 20
A thought experiment
Intervention
BenchmarkingPersonalization
Prediction
Khalil, M., & Ebner, M. (2015). Learning Analytics: Principles and Constraints. In Proceedings of World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications (pp. 1326-1336). Chesapeake, VA: AACE.
Acts on learning analytics
Reflection and iteration
Recommendation
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 21
A thought experiment
Delegation of decision-making?
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 22 Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 23
…
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 24
…
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
“teachers are treated by big data advocates as data collectors who no longer have to
make pedagogical decisions” (p. 92)
Williamson, B. (2017). Big Data in Education. The digital future of learning, policy and practice. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 25
…
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
The metrological approach to quantifying learning is ultimately changing the way in which students might view themselves, […] interfering in their own embodied
decision-making as they are encouraged to measure themselves in metrological
terms (p. 122)
Williamson, B. (2017). Big Data in Education. The digital future of learning, policy and practice. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 26
Image source : http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/t_original/aizmmpg3oqr48jq2mjen.jpg
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 27
A thought experiment
purpose = raising the scores?
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 28
…
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 29
…
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 30
…
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
“Data are simultaneously also reductive, reducing the complexities and messy
realities of young children to numbers, codes or colours, which fail to recognise or respect the
multiplicities of learning” (p. 128)
Bradbury, A., & Roberts-Holmes, G. (2018). The Datafication of Primary and Early Years Education. Playing with Numbers. London. United-Kingdom: Routledge.
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 31
…
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
“To think about the datafied subject means to recognise that educational
data have an impact on agency” (p. 139)
Bradbury, A., & Roberts-Holmes, G. (2018). The Datafication of Primary and Early Years Education. Playing with Numbers. London. United-Kingdom: Routledge.
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 32
…
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
https://twitter.com/MichaelRosenYes/status/961524271418834946
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 33 Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 34
Education ??? = ??? Enseigner à faire avec
Dr Lionel Alvarez / alvarezl@edufr.ch / lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch 35
“The code regulates. It implements values, or
not. It enables freedoms, or disables them. It protects privacy, or
promotes monitoring” Laurence Lessig, 2000
Dr Lionel Alvarez Prof. CRE/ATE@HEP|PH FR – alvarezl@edufr.ch Lecturer CERF@UNIFR – lionel.alvarez@unifr.ch
blog.hepfr.ch/create
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