Nuclear fragmentation in ion beam...

GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH

Nuclear fragmentation in ion beam therapy

c.schuy@gsi.de

GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics

Content

▪ Motivation

▪ “New” ions - 4He@HIT ▪ Activation measurements

▪ Online monitoring of the Bragg peak ▪ Dose Delivery System

▪ Summary

Motivation

Patients treated

Motivation

M.Dosanjh 2017 based on PTCOG data

Patients treated

Increase of patient numbers

Motivation

range in water [cm]

target

inverse depth dose profile

Motivation

range in water [cm]

target

inverse depth dose profile increased biological effect

Motiviation

Cucinotta and Durante, Lancet Oncol. 2006

Motiviation

Higher ionization density

Motiviation

More complex damage

Motiviation

More complex damage

More difficult to repair

Motiviation

More complex damage

More difficult to repair

Higher biological efficiency

Motivation

Relative fluence 220 MeV/u 4He ions stopping in water

calculation courtesy of F. Horst

Motivation

▪ ~ 50 % of the primary 4He ions reach the Bragg peak

Motivation

▪ lighter fragments have increased penetration depth

Motivation

▪ lighter fragments have increased penetration depth

Interaction with matter ↓

Change in radiation field ↓

Difference in radiation quality ↓

Prediction mandatory in therapy!

Insertion - Treatment planning

• TPS is trying to find optimal treatment within constraints• Biological effectiveness included!

• Hybrid approach

• Hybrid approach• Benchmark experiments (QA) using water -> Base data PTW website

• Hybrid approach• Benchmark experiments (QA) using water -> Base data • MC (Fluka) for full base data calculation

PTW website

• Hybrid approach• Benchmark experiments (QA) using water -> Base data • MC (Fluka) for full base data calculation• Deterministic Code (e.g. TRiP98) for planning

PTW website

• Hybrid approach• Benchmark experiments (QA) using water -> Base data • MC (Fluka) for full base data calculation• Deterministic Code (e.g. TRiP98) for planning

• Plan QA

PTW website

“New” ions - 4He@HIT

“New” ions - 4He@HITBevalac USA

▪ physical and biological “compromise” between protons and 12C

Bevalac USA

▪ physical and biological “compromise” between protons and 12C▪ RBE in Bragg peak region > protons

Bevalac USA

▪ physical and biological “compromise” between protons and 12C▪ RBE in Bragg peak region > protons▪ Less energy straggling -> protons

Bevalac USA

▪ physical and biological “compromise” between protons and 12C▪ RBE in Bragg peak region > protons▪ Less energy straggling -> protons▪ Less lateral scattering -> protons

courtesy of M.Rovituso (Thesis)

Bevalac USA

▪ physical and biological “compromise” between protons and 12C▪ RBE in Bragg peak region > protons▪ Less energy straggling -> protons▪ Less lateral scattering -> protons▪ Less projectile fragmentation -> 12C

courtesy of M.Rovituso (Thesis) courtesy of M.Rovituso (Thesis)

Bevalac USA

▪ Planned start for 4He@HIT 2019

▪ Planned start for 4He@HIT 2019▪ Inaccurate/missing cross section data

▪ Planned start for 4He@HIT 2019▪ Inaccurate/missing cross section data▪ Measurement campaign to benchmark TRiP98

▪ Attenuation of the primary beam

M.Kraemer et al, Med. Phys. 2016

4He@200MeV/u on water

▪ Attenuation of the primary beam▪ Double differential yields

M.Kraemer et al, Med. Phys. 2016

4He@120MeV/u on 4.28cm water

M.Rovituso et al, PMB 2017

4He@200MeV/u on water

SOPB calculated in H20

calculation courtesy of F. Horst F. Horst et al. Phys. Rev. C 2017

Tripathi cross section parametrization (implemented in TRiP) under-estimates the

4He+12C reaction cross section by up to 30%.

Courtesy of F. Horst and G. Arico*

Collaboration with Fluka core developers

Preliminary Preliminary

* as shown at MCMA 2017

▪ So far ...

▪ So far ...▪ Fragmentation -> Dose degradation

▪ So far ...▪ Fragmentation -> Dose degradation▪ But can be also useful -> PET

W. Enghardt et al, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A 2004

Activation measurements

▪ PET measurement approach -> Target fragmentation

Test experiment at Trento proton therapy center, Italy in June 2017

Protons on carbon

PRELIMINARY

Protons on carbon

PRELIMINARYFOOT collaboration (FragmentatiOn Of Target) • funded by INFN • 50+ researchers • Inverse kinematic strategy • Measurement ready 2019/20

Online monitoring of the Bragg peak

▪ PET is typically used after the treatment

▪ PET is typically used after the treatment▪ Use prompt radiation to monitor treatment in real time

Beamline

Nozzle

Window Rifitarget volume

light fragments

prompt γ

▪ PET is typically used after the treatment▪ Use prompt radiation to monitor treatment in real time▪ Problem -> Perform measurement within constraints of

treatment

Beamline

Nozzle

Window Rifitarget volume

light fragments

prompt γ

Dose Delivery System

▪ collaboration of CNAO and GSI for a next generation scanning system

▪ => core of the irradiation controls

lateral:dipol magnets

longitudinal:beam energy

Beamline

Nozzle

▪ => core of the irradiation controls▪ FPGA-based▪ 4D (tumor motion) capabilities

Beamline

Nozzle

▪ => core of the irradiation controls▪ FPGA-based▪ 4D (tumor motion) capabilities

▪ Main problem -> Fast Beam monitoring detectors!

Beamline

Nozzle

Summary

▪ High quality cross section measurements are always needed!

Summary

▪ High quality cross section measurements are always needed!

▪ But there is more for the nuclear physics community to do:

▪ Online monitoring of the Bragg peak -> Experimental expertise

▪ Dose Delivery System -> Detector R&D

Thanks for your attention

Nuclear fragmentation in ion beam...

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