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The Ecological Footprint
What’s in it for you?
Mathis Wackernagel, PhD
Bundesverfassung derSchweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft
Art. 73 Nachhaltige Entwicklung
Bund und Kantone streben ein auf Dauer ausgewogenes Verhältnis zwischen der Natur und ihrer Erneuerungsfähigkeit einerseits und ihrer Beanspruchung durch den Menschen anderseits an.
Nature turns waste back into food
Organism’s or society’s metabolism: food in, waste out.
Ecosystems
Bioproductive segments
18% Biologically Productive Land
11%Deserts, Ice Caps and Barren Land
67% Low-ProductivityOcean
4%BiologicallyProductive Ocean
Bioproductive Segments
22%
Personal planetoid
Global average availability of bioproductive Land + Sea = 1.8 global hectares/person
(in 2001)
People vs. nature
?
Footprint components
Fossil Fuel Built-up Waste Food Fibresabsorption
What Does the Footprint Do?
It answers:• How much of the regenerative
capacity of the biosphere is used by human activities?
• How much is available within a region?
Global Footprint Accounts
(in global hectares/person, 2001 data)Global Footprint
Ecological Demand (Ecological Footprint) Ecological Supply (Biocapacity)
Footprint Areas for: Biocapacity Areas:
Growing Crops 0.49 Crop land 0.53
Grazing Animals 0.14 Grazing land 0.27
Settlements & infrastructure 0.07 Built-up area 0.07
Producing timber & fuelwood 0.24 Forest 0.81
Absorbing excess CO2 1.12
Harvesting Fish 0.13 Fishing Grounds 0.14
Total Global Demand 2.2 Total Global Supply 1.8
Demand
Exceeds
Supply
By
20%
>
World Ecological Footprint1961-2001
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Num
ber
of E
arth
s
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
0123456789101112
Sustainable development : what about the nations of the World ?
HDI
Needs of present
generations
Ecological Footprint (ha/cap)Capacity for
future generations
USA, Australia
NorthernEurope
South America + Turkey
Middle-income countries in Asia & Middle East
low-income countries in Africa & Asia
India
Canada, N-Z
Western Europe
Southern & Central Europe
Russia
Venezuela
Brazil
South Africa
49 nations, for 1996 (Aurélien BOUTAUD, 2002, Economie et Humanisme, n. 363)
HDI v. Footprint 1975 to 2001
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.010.011.0
per person Ecological Footprint (global hectares/cap)
Hum
an D
evel
opm
ent I
ndex
sustainable development quadrant
Ecological Creditors and Ecological Debtors
Footprint
Ecological Footprint and Carbon
Opportunities• Link to audience’s core interests
– securing prosperity and well-being– competitiveness– policy scenarios: consequences of choices
• Work with winners– leading cities– leading companies– finance analysis
• Policy and communication– what’s at stake?– are the pieces adding to the total?
How does the Global Footprint
Network operate?
• 40 partner organizations• Standardization (3 committees)• 10-in-10 campaign
Footprint Assessment for Urban Development
What is the potential for reduction?• Total London Ecological Footprint = 50 million gha• Possible to reduce London’s Ecological Footprint by
between 20 & 25 million global average hectares (gha)
London Remade with WSP Environmental, Global Footprint Network
Sonoma County
Petaluma Wastewater Treatment
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
Foot
prin
t (ac
res)
AFPs Aerated Lagoon Energy Recovery Hopper St. Extended AerationAlternatives
Sustainability Analysis - DAFs Option(Assuming UV Disinfection)
Land Use
Biosolids
EmissionsMaterials
Chemicals
Energy
Can electricitybe Footprint Neutral?
The Ecological Footprint is a standardized way to measure what has been immeasurable, contentious, and often misunderstood: ecological limits.
INVITATION!Don’t ask what you can
do for the Footprint, ask what the Footprint can do for YOU! (J.F.K.)
Partnership?
Contact us at: www.footprintnetwork.org
House on planet
funnel
The Economist- 3 planets
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