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Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
Praktische Einführung in OpenGLAM
Beat Estermann, 10. September 2015, CAS IS Information Topics, HTW-Chur
Chur 1820, David Alois Schmid, Schweizerische Nationalbibliothek (GS-GUGE-SCHMID-DA-C-2)
Wo nicht anders vermerkt, unterstehen die Inhalte dieser Präsentation der CC-by-sa 4.0 Lizenz. Bitte Markenrechte auf Logos beachten.
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
▶ Auftakt▶ Einführung in OpenGLAM▶ Vorstellungsrunde: Teilnehmende + Daten▶ Praktische Aufgabenstellung
▶ Grundlagen ▶ Open-Data-Prinzipien, Rechtliches▶ OpenGLAM-Vorgehensmodell / Datenmonitoring▶ Hochladen von Digitalisaten auf Wikimedia Commons▶ Veröffentlichung von Daten als Open Data▶ Open Cultural Data Hackathons
▶ Praxis▶ Erstellen eines Benutzerkontos auf Wikipedia/Wikimedia Commons
(P)▶ Hochladen eines eigenen Bildes auf Wikimedia Commons (P)▶ Hochladen kleinerer Mengen von Digitalisaten (Demo)▶ Wahl des richtigen Templates auf Wikimedia Commons (Demo)
Kursunterlagen: http://tinyurl.com/openglamchur
Programm Teil 1 (Rückblende)
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
▶ Ausgewählte Ergebnisse der OpenGLAM-Umfrage 2015
▶ Erfahrungsaustausch bezüglich der Hausarbeit
▶ Wie lässt sich die Nutzung der hochgeladenen Inhalte fördern?▶ Einführung ins Kategorien-System auf Wikimedia Commons▶ Templates auf Wikimedia Commons
▶ Wie lässt sich die Nutzung der hochgeladenen Inhalte nachverfolgen?
▶ Offenes Atelier: Praktisches Üben
Programm Teil 2
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
OpenGLAM Benchmark Survey• Selected Results
Source: Estermann, Beat (2015) Diffusion of Open Data and Crowdsourcing among Heritage Institutions. Based on data from Finland, Poland, Switzerland, and The Netherlands. Paper Presented at the EGPA 2015 Conference, held on 26-28 August 2015 in Toulouse, France.
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
Early Adopters13.5%
Shar
e of
inst
itutio
ns (
%)
Innovators2.5%
Early Majority
34%
Late Majority34%
Laggards16%
Research Questions
Where do heritage institutions stand with regard to……Open Data?…Linked Data / Semantic Web?…Digitization…Open Content?…Engaging Audiences on the Internet…Collaborative Content Creation
What are the perceived risks and opportunities? (drivers vs. hindering factors)What are the expected benefits?What are the differences between different types of heritage institutions?
A further goal of the “OpenGLAM Benchmark Survey” are international comparisons: In what ways does the situation in the different countries vary?
Awareness Evaluation
AdoptionTrialInterest
Innovation Diffusion Model, Everett Rogers, 1962
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied SciencesFinland, Poland, Switzerland, The Netherlands, all institution types combined, N = 584.Cases with «stagnation» / «discontinuance» have been ignored.
Shar
e of
inst
itutio
ns (
%)
Innovators2.5%
Early Majority
34%
Late Majority34%
Early Adopters13.5%
Laggards16%
Collaborative content creation
Social media
Open content
Digitization
Linked data
Open data
Advanced implementationAdoptionTrialEvaluationInterestNo interest
Diffusion of Innovative Practices among Heritage Institutions
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
Open data Linked data / semantic web Digitization Open content Social media Collaborative content creation0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
37%
2%
44%
12%
45%
16%18%
5%
59%
20%
57%
12%
39%
14%
23%
9%
66%
10%
ArchivesMuseumsLibraries
Adoption Rates According to Institution Type
N = 584
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
Adoption Rates – Country Comparison
Open data Linked data / semantic web
Digitization Open content Social media Collaborative content creation
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
30%
6%
58%
15%
74%
26%28%
6%
38%
12%
75%
13%
18%
4%
44%
12%
34%
8%
38%
10%
71%
31%
70%
17%
FinlandPolandSwitzerlandThe Netherlands
N = 584
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
Independent Variable(s) Open
Data Linked Data Digitization Open Content
Social Media Use
Collab. Cont.
CreationInstitution Type +++Country ++ ++ ++ +++ ++Typical Objects + ++ (+)Main Users +++Geographical Reach ++Size (paid FTE) +++Size (revenues)
Pct of Volunters in Workforce +++Revenue Sources ++ ++Form of OrganizationNumber of Metadata Types +++ ++Skills / Skills Acquisition ++ ++ ++Attitudes reg. Open Content ++ ++ ++
Ordinal Logistic Regression – Synthesis of Results
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
Attitudes: Conditions for Releasing Content
N = 457
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
▶ Three Estimators:▶ Perceived importance and desirability (opportunities vs. risks)▶ Presence (absence) of important prerequisites (or « show-stoppers »)▶ Indications regarding institutions’ future practice
▶ Projection:▶ 70% of institutions will have adopted open data as a practice in ca. 10
years from now. (limit to diffusion: ca. 30% don’t have metadata for their objects)
▶ 70% of institutions will have adopted open content as a practice in ca. 15 years from now.(limits to diffusion: advancement of digitization; copyright)
▶ Ca. 20% of institutions are using crowdsourcing today; the data suggest that the adoption rate will be lower than for open data and open content.
Expected Dynamics of Adoption of Open Data, Open Content and Crowdsourcing
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
Exchan
ging d
ata
Open d
ata
Linked
data
/ semant
ic web
Digitiza
tion
Open c
onten
t
Engagi
ng au
dience
s on t
he In
ternet
Colla
borat
ive co
ntent
creati
on0%
10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
25 2311
50
21 2110
2823
16
21
20 23
16
1 - Not important at all2345 - Very important
Importance of Various Practices
N = 584
Data Content Participation
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
42
24 28
62
2435
23
32
2728
23
26
29
30
1 - Risks clearly prevail
2
3
4
5 - Opportunities clearly prevail
Desirability of Various Practices (Opportunities vs. Risks)
N = 584
Data Content Participation
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
1 - Not important at all
2 3 4 5 - Very important0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
3%6% 7%
15%
20%
4%
3%
7%
7%
3%
11% 6%
4%
3%2%
Open data: importance vs. desirability (in % of institutions; N = 475)
Risks prevailEqual risks and opportunitiesOpportunities prevail
35%
21%
Open Data: Importance vs. Desirability
Motors
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
Open Content: Importance vs. Desirability
1 - Not important at all
2 3 4 5 - Very important
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
3% 5%8%
16% 18%
5%4%
7%
5% 2%
11%7%
6%
2% 2%
Open content: importance vs. desirability (in % of institutions; N = 466)
Risks prevailEqual risks and opportunitiesOpportunities prevail
Motors
34%
24%
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
Collaborative Content Creation: Importance vs. Desirability
1 - Not important at all
2 3 4 5 - Very important0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
9% 10% 9%
15%
9%
9% 8% 8%
2%
1%
10%
5%2%
1%
0%
Collaborative content creation: importance vs. desirability (in % of institutions; N = 438)
Risks prevailEqual risks and opportunitiesOpportunities prevail
24%
17%
Motors
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
Digitization as a Prerequisite for Open Content
0% 1-19% 20-49% 50-79% 80% or more0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
5%2% 2% 1% 2%
4%
19% 21%
9% 4%
1%
7%
11%
6%
0%1%
2%
1%
0%
1%
2%
0%
Expected digitization activities over the next 5 years (in % of institutions; N = 457)
80% or more50-79%20-49%1-19%0%
Average percentage of objects already digitized
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
Digitization: Different types of objects(today / in 5 years)
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
Digitization Today – Country Comparison
Text b
ased re
source
s (365)
Two-dim
ensio
nal visu
al res
ources (
357)
Archiva
l reso
urces (2
81)
Three
-dimen
sional
man-m
ade m
ovable
objects (
314)
Natural
resource
s (47)
Geogra
phy base
d resource
s (119)
Time b
ased re
sources (
220)0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1%
17%
0%
30%
50%
10%
2%6%
1%7%
0% 0%2%
10%
1%
10%5%
10%13%
50%
10%
50%
25%
50%
Percentage of resources already digitized by the average institution (median)(N is indicated for each object type; the values for natural resources are not shown due to the small
sample size)
FinlandPolandSwitzerlandThe Netherlands
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
Digitization in 5 Years – Country Comparison
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
3%
45%
10%
50% 50%
30%
12%
30%
15%
35%
28%
20%
10%
50%
10%
50%
45%
50%50%
80%
25%
80%
40%
50%
Percentage of resources expected to be digitized in 5 years by the average institution (median)(N is indicated for each object type; the values for natural resources are not shown due to the small
sample size)
FinlandPolandSwitzerlandThe Netherlands
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
Open Content: Different types of objects(today / in 5 years; in % of digitized objects)
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
Open Content Today – Country Comparison
Text b
ased re
source
s (344)
Two-dim
ensio
nal visu
al res
ources (
340)
Archiva
l resource
s (278)
Three
-dimen
sional
man-m
ade m
ovable
objects (
297)
Natural
resource
s (46)
Geogra
phy base
d resource
s (112)
Time b
ased re
sources (
204)
Digital i
nteracti
ve re
source
s (123)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
3% 5% 3% 1%
Percentage of resources already made available as open content by the average institution (median)(N is indicated for each object type; the values for natural resources are not shown due to the small sample
size; “0%” value tags have been suppressed)
FinlandPolandSwitzerlandThe Netherlands
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
Open Content in 5 Years – Country Comparison
Text b
ased re
source
s (289)
Two-dim
ensio
nal vis
ual res
ources (
290)
Archiva
l resource
s (239)
Three
-dimen
sional m
an-m
ade m
ovable
objects (
252)
Natural
resource
s (38)
Geogra
phy base
d resource
s (93)
Time b
ased re
sources (
179)
Digital i
nteracti
ve re
source
s (108)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0%5% 2% 5%
10%
1% 3%5% 8%2%
10%
30%
0% 0%0%5%
0%5%
10%
0%5%
15%
50%
20%25%
18%10%
19%
Percentage of resources expected to be made available as open content in 5 years by the average institution (median)
(N is indicated for each object type; the values for natural resources are not shown due to the small sample size)
FinlandPolandSwitzerlandThe Netherlands
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
Copyright Clearance as a Prerequisite for Open Content
Note: The data may be somewhat biased as it does - by definition - not include the data from institutions who weren’t able to provide numbers regarding the copyright status of their objects.
Text b
ased re
source
s (192)
Two-dim
ensio
nal vis
ual res
ources (
217)
Archiva
l resource
s (172)
Three
-dimen
sional m
an-m
ade m
ovable
objects (
169)
Natural
resource
s (25)
Geogra
phy base
d resource
s (62)
Time b
ased re
sources (
122)
Digital i
nteracti
ve re
source
s (58)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
31% 29%
47% 42%59%
44%
18%28%
27% 35%
35% 40%
29%
37%
37%
50%
33% 23%
10% 12%8%
13%
34%
15%
8% 13% 8% 7% 4% 6% 11% 6%
What is the copyright situation of the objects in your collection? (average percentages for each object type; N is indicated for each object type)
copyright status unknowncopyright controlled by third partiescopyright controlled by the institutionpublic domain
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
Driving and Hindering Factors of Open Content and Crowdsourcing Driving Factors1 Hindering Factors1
Open Content Improving the visibility of the institution and its holdings
Making content more easily available for existing users and attract new users
Facilitating networking among institutions
Improving interactions with users
Doing a better job at fulfilling the institution’s core mission
Extra time effort and expenses (digitization, documentation, rights clearance)
Feeling of loss of control
Wish to prevent commercial use of content by third parties without due compensation
Technical issues and insufficient staff skills
Crowdsourcing
Intention to get access to external expertise and to have certain tasks carried out by volunteers
Quest for an improved relationship with users/visitors (trust, loyalty, public ownership and responsibility)
Extensive preparation and follow-up
Difficulties to estimate the time scope; low planning security; continuity of data maintenance is not guaranteed
1 Factors which are of relevance for more than 50% of responding institutions
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
Hochladen von Bildern aus den Beständen einer Institution auf Wikimedia Commons
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
▶ Hochladen von mind. 20 Digitalisaten aus Ihrer Institution oder einer Drittinstitution auf Wikimedia Commons
▶ Neu-Publikation von Daten aus Ihrer Institution gemäss Open Data-Kriterien (auf der Website der eigenen Institution oder auf datahub.io) zur Verwendung anlässlich des nächsten Open Cultural Data Hackathons
Praktische Aufgabenstellung (Hausarbeit)
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
Wir haben Inhalte auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen. – Was nun?• Wie lässt sich die Nutzung der Inhalte fördern?• Wie lässt sich die Nutzung der Inhalte nachverfolgen?
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
▶ Möglichst ausführliche Metadaten (evtl. auch auf Englisch)▶ Information der Wikipedia-Community (speziell bei umfangreichen Uploads)
▶ Wikipedia-Kurier / The Signpost / Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia▶ Mailinglisten
▶ Einordnung der Inhalte: Kategorisierung / Verwendung von Templates
▶ Anleitung für die Kategorisierung▶ Beispiel für Template:Institution und Template:Creator
▶ Bereitstellung von Tools (speziell bei umfangreichen Uploads)▶ Template {{Institution XY}} / Category:Media contributed by Institution XY (
Beispiel)▶ GLAM Dashboard (Sign-up Page, Beispiel)
▶ Veranstaltungen für (neue) Benutzer: Edit-a-thons, Hackathons, etc. ▶ Einbinden von Bildern in Wikipedia in Eigenregie (bei kleineren Uploads)
Wie lässt sich die Nutzung der Inhalte fördern?
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
Statistik-Tools:▶ BaGLAMa 2: Page-View-Statistik der Artikel, in denen Medien-
Inhalte aus einer bestimmten Kategorie zugeordnet wurden (z.B. Category:Media contributed by Institution XY)
▶ Im Zeitverlauf▶ Aufgeschlüsselt nach einzelnen Sprachversionen und Artikel
▶ GLAMorous: Anzahl der Medien-Dateien, die in den verschiedenen Wikipedia-Versionen aktuell genutzt werden
▶ Aufgeschlüsselt nach einzelnen Sprachversionen und Artikel▶ Ranking der Medien-Dateien nach Anzahl Nutzungen▶ Prozentsatz der genutzten Dateien (im Vergleich zu allen Dateien in
einer bestimmten Kategorie)▶ GLAM-Dashboard:
▶ Am häufigsten vergebene Kategorien▶ Die am häufigsten genutzten Dateien▶ Die Commons-Benutzer mit den meisten Beiträgen auf den
Beschriebsseiten▶ Die am häufigsten editierten Dateien▶ Die grössten Dateien
Wie lässt sich die Nutzung der Inhalte nachverfolgen?
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
▶ In March and April 2013 Zentralbibliothek Zürich uploaded ca. 100 images from their prints and photography collection to Wikimedia Commons
▶ By the end of April 2014, 56 out of 96 uploaded files (58%) have been used in 159 Wikipedia articles belonging to 42 different language versions of Wikipedia
▶ In April 2014 these 159 Wikipedia articles were viewed over 500’000 times
Source: http://tools.wmflabs.org/glamtools/baglama2/
Measure the impact and talk about it…
Zürich, Sechseläuten fire around 1900. Anonymous artist, Public Domain (Wikimedia Commons).
Chamonix. Crossing the Sea of Ice, between 1902 and 1904. Anonymous artist, Public Domain (Wikimedia Commons).
The Iron Bridge across the Thur, view from east from Regensdorf, 1857. Jakob Eggli, Public Domain (Wikimedia Commons).
WP-de: Schweizerische Nordostbahn WP-fr: Chamonix-Mont-Blanc; Recul des glaciers depuis 1850
WP-ru: Шестизвонье
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
▶ Statistik zu Mobile-Zugriffen (werden in der aktuellen Statistik nicht berücksichtigt, treten aber mehr und mehr an die Stelle von klassischen Zugriffen)
▶ Zusammenfassende Länder-Statistiken:
▶ Beispiel Niederlande
▶ Forschungsergebnisse:▶ Beispiel: Borowiecki / Navarrete (forthcoming). Change in
access after digitization: ethnographic collections in Wikipedia▶ Comparative analysis of the access to heritage collections at the National
Museum of World Cultures in the Netherlands before and after publication on Wikimedia
▶ Access to collections increased substantially online (156’000 onsite visitors vs. over 1.5 mio. online views per year)
▶ There is a «long tail» in both mediums, but this broadens online: 8% of objects were exhibited onsite; 11% of available objects were used in Wikipedia articles
Ausblick
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
▶ Einführung ins Kategorien-System von Wikimedia Commons:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Categories
▶ Einführung hinsichtlich Vorlagen («Templates») auf Wikimedia Commons:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Templates
▶ Anleitung für das Einfügen von Bildern in Wikipedia:https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfe:Bilder
▶ Wikipedia-Starthilfe:https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Starthilfe
Weiterführende Informationen
Berner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences
Kontakt
Berner FachhochschuleE-Government-Institut
Beat Estermannbeat.estermann@bfh.ch031 848 34 38
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