50
* Prof. Dr. Lukas Radbruch, 11. DGP Kongress Leipzig 2016

* Prof. Dr. Lukas Radbruch, 11. DGP Kongress Leipzig 2016 · Schwerpunkt:Palliativmedizin Patient mit nichtheilbarer Krebserkrankung – Integration von von Palliativversorgung Niedrig/mittel

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    3

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

* Prof. Dr. Lukas Radbruch, 11. DGP Kongress Leipzig 2016

20

S3 Leitlinie “Palliativmedizin für Patienten mit einer nicht heilbaren Krebserkrankung”LEITLINIENUNDEM

PFEH

LUNGE

NS3 Leitlinie “Palliativmedizin für Patienten mit einer nicht heilbaren Krebserkrankung”

LEITLINIENUNDEM

PFEH

LUNGE

N

Schwerpunkt: Palliativmedizin

Patient mit nichtheilbarerKrebserkrankung– Integration von

von Palliativversorgung

Niedrig/mittel

Tod des Patienten

Erfassen der Patienten- und Angehörigenbedürfnisse

und Ermittlung derder Komplexität

Hoch

Trauerbegleitung(Angehörige)

(Re-)Evaluation

Allgemeine Krankenhausstation/onkologische Station/

Pflegeeinrichtungen

Palliativ-dienst im

Krankenhaus

Palliativ-station

Palliativmed. Tagesklinik

Allgemeine ambulante Palliativversorgung

Spezialisierte ambulante Palliativver-

sorgung

Spezialisierte Palliativ-

ambulanzTageshospiz

Stationäres Hospiz

Hospizdienste/Ehrenamt

Durchführung einer Intervention derspezialisierten Palliativversorgung

Durchführung einer Intervention derallgemeinen Palliativversorgung

Festlegung einer Interventionder Palliativversorgung

Stationär

Ambulant

Sektoren-übergreifend

Abb. 19 Behandlungs-pfad für Patienten undAn-gehörige. (Adaptiert nachS3-Leitlinie „Palliativmedi-zin für Patientenmit einernicht heilbaren Krebser-krankung“ [6])

gleiten. Deshalb wurden die Empfehlun-gen der S3-Leitlinie sowohl für die all-gemeine (APV) als auch für die speziali-sierte Palliativversorgung (SPV) formu-liert. Ein Behandlungspfad macht deut-lich, welche Strukturen der Palliativver-sorgung den Patienten und Angehörigenim Krankheitsverlauf zur Verfügung ste-hen (. Abb. 1).

Zeitpunkt der Integration vonPalliativversorgung

Der Behandlungspfad beginnt mit derFeststellung der Nichtheilbarkeit einerKrebserkrankung. Ab diesem Zeitpunktsoll den Patienten in einfühlsamen Ge-sprächenundmitRücksicht auf ihreAuf-klärungswünsche ein Zugang zur Pallia-tivmedizin angeboten werden. Palliativ-medizin und tumorspezifische palliati-ve Therapien wie Chemo- oder Radio-

therapie schließen sich gegenseitig nichtaus. Wichtig ist die Frühintegration derPalliativversorgung, die es ermöglicht,Patienten und Angehörige im gesamtenKrankheitsverlaufzubegleitenundihneneine bedürfnisorientierteVersorgungan-zubieten.DieBedeutungder frühen Inte-grationwurde imKonsensderLeitlinien-gruppe auf der Basis von Studienevidenzhervorgehoben. In der Literatur zeigensich Vorteile bei Modellen, die eine SPVfrühzeitig, d. h. zeitnah nach der Dia-

954 Der Internist 10 · 2016

3434

www.asco.org/palliative-care-guideline ©American Society of Clinical Oncology 2016. All rights reserved.

THE INTEGRATION OF PALLIATIVE CARE INTO STANDARD ONCOLOGY CARE: AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE UPDATE

Clinical Question Recommendation Evidence Rating

What is the most effective way to care

for patients with advanced cancers’

symptoms (palliative care services in

addition to usual care, compared with

usual care alone)?

Patients with advanced cancer should be referred to interdisciplinary

palliative care teams (consultation) that provide inpatient and

outpatient care early in the course of disease, alongside active

treatment of their cancer.

Type: evidence based, benefits

outweighs harms

Evidence quality: intermediate

Strength of recommendation:

strong

What are the most practical models of

palliative care? Who should deliver

palliative care (external consultation,

internal consultations with palliative

care practitioners in the oncology

practice, or performed by the

oncologist him- or herself)?

Palliative care for patients with advanced cancer should be delivered

through interdisciplinary palliative care teams, with consultation

available in both outpatient and inpatient settings.

Type: evidence based, benefits

outweigh harms

Evidence quality: intermediate

Strength of recommendation:

moderate

How is palliative care in oncology

defined or conceptualized?

Patients with advanced cancer should receive palliative care services,

which may include a referral to a palliative care provider. Essential

components of palliative care include:

Type: informal consensus

Evidence quality:

intermediate

Strength of recommendation:

moderate

Rapport and relationship building with patient and family

caregivers

Symptom, distress, and functional status management (e.g., pain,

dyspnea, fatigue, sleep disturbance, mood, nausea, or

constipation)

Exploration of understanding and education about illness and

prognosis

www.asco.org/palliative-care-guideline ©American Society of Clinical Oncology 2016. All rights reserved.

THE INTEGRATION OF PALLIATIVE CARE INTO STANDARD ONCOLOGY CARE: AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE UPDATE

Clinical Question Recommendation Evidence Rating

What is the most effective way to care

for patients with advanced cancers’

symptoms (palliative care services in

addition to usual care, compared with

usual care alone)?

Patients with advanced cancer should be referred to interdisciplinary

palliative care teams (consultation) that provide inpatient and

outpatient care early in the course of disease, alongside active

treatment of their cancer.

Type: evidence based, benefits

outweighs harms

Evidence quality: intermediate

Strength of recommendation:

strong

What are the most practical models of

palliative care? Who should deliver

palliative care (external consultation,

internal consultations with palliative

care practitioners in the oncology

practice, or performed by the

oncologist him- or herself)?

Palliative care for patients with advanced cancer should be delivered

through interdisciplinary palliative care teams, with consultation

available in both outpatient and inpatient settings.

Type: evidence based, benefits

outweigh harms

Evidence quality: intermediate

Strength of recommendation:

moderate

How is palliative care in oncology

defined or conceptualized?

Patients with advanced cancer should receive palliative care services,

which may include a referral to a palliative care provider. Essential

components of palliative care include:

Type: informal consensus

Evidence quality:

intermediate

Strength of recommendation:

moderate

Rapport and relationship building with patient and family

caregivers

Symptom, distress, and functional status management (e.g., pain,

dyspnea, fatigue, sleep disturbance, mood, nausea, or

constipation)

Exploration of understanding and education about illness and

prognosis

www.asco.org/palliative-care-guideline ©American Society of Clinical Oncology 2016. All rights reserved.

THE INTEGRATION OF PALLIATIVE CARE INTO STANDARD ONCOLOGY CARE: AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE UPDATE

Clinical Question Recommendation Evidence Rating

Clarification of treatment goals

Assessment and support of coping needs (e.g., provision of dignity

therapy)

Assistance with medical decision making

Coordination with other care providers

Provision of referrals to other care providers as indicated

For newly diagnosed patients with advanced cancer, the Expert Panel

suggests early palliative care involvement, starting early in the

diagnosis process and ideally within 8 weeks of diagnosis.

How can palliative care services relate

in practice to other existing or

emerging supportive care services

(including nurse navigation, lay

navigation, community and home

health care, geriatric oncology,

psycho-oncology, and pain services)?

Among patients with cancer with high symptom burden and/or

unmet physical or psychosocial needs, outpatient programs of cancer

care should provide and use dedicated resources (palliative care

clinicians) to deliver palliative care services to complement existing

program tools.

Type: informal consensus,

benefits outweigh harms

Evidence quality: intermediate

Strength of recommendation:

moderate

Which interventions are helpful for

family caregivers?

For patients with early or advanced cancer for whom family

caregivers will provide care in outpatient, home, or community

settings, nurses, social workers, or other providers may initiate

caregiver-tailored palliative care support, which could include

telephone coaching, education, referrals, and face-to-face meetings.

For family caregivers who may live in rural areas and/or are unable to

travel to clinic and/or longer distances, telephone support may be

offered.

Type: evidence based

Evidence quality: low

Strength of recommendation:

weak

www.asco.org/palliative-care-guideline ©American Society of Clinical Oncology 2016. All rights reserved.

THE INTEGRATION OF PALLIATIVE CARE INTO STANDARD ONCOLOGY CARE: AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE UPDATE

Clinical Question Recommendation Evidence Rating

What is the most effective way to care

for patients with advanced cancers’

symptoms (palliative care services in

addition to usual care, compared with

usual care alone)?

Patients with advanced cancer should be referred to interdisciplinary

palliative care teams (consultation) that provide inpatient and

outpatient care early in the course of disease, alongside active

treatment of their cancer.

Type: evidence based, benefits

outweighs harms

Evidence quality: intermediate

Strength of recommendation:

strong

What are the most practical models of

palliative care? Who should deliver

palliative care (external consultation,

internal consultations with palliative

care practitioners in the oncology

practice, or performed by the

oncologist him- or herself)?

Palliative care for patients with advanced cancer should be delivered

through interdisciplinary palliative care teams, with consultation

available in both outpatient and inpatient settings.

Type: evidence based, benefits

outweigh harms

Evidence quality: intermediate

Strength of recommendation:

moderate

How is palliative care in oncology

defined or conceptualized?

Patients with advanced cancer should receive palliative care services,

which may include a referral to a palliative care provider. Essential

components of palliative care include:

Type: informal consensus

Evidence quality:

intermediate

Strength of recommendation:

moderate

Rapport and relationship building with patient and family

caregivers

Symptom, distress, and functional status management (e.g., pain,

dyspnea, fatigue, sleep disturbance, mood, nausea, or

constipation)

Exploration of understanding and education about illness and

prognosis

Hospiz- und Palliativgesetz Bessere Versorgung schwerstkranker Menschen

Schwerstkranke Menschen sollen überall dort gut versorgt sein und begleitet werden, wo sie die letzte Phase ihres Lebens verbringen – ob zu Hause, im Pflegeheim, im Hospiz oder Krankenhaus.

Warum muss die Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung weiterentwickelt werden?

Darauf kommt es anGUTE PFLEGE

Empfehlungen

Empfehlung 1:Entwicklung einer eigenständigennationalen Palliativstrategie

Inhalte der Strategie sollten sein:• Bundesweite Vereinheitlichung der regula-

torischen Vorgaben für eine evidenzbasierte Palliativversorgung, um eine flächendecken-de und qualitativ hochwertige Versorgung für ganz Deutschland zu gewährleisten.

• Aufstellung einer Forschungsagenda für die Palliativversorgung.

• Entwicklung einer bundesweit einheitlichen Qualitätssicherung in der Palliativversor-gung basierend auf den Ergebnissen der For-schung (z.B. als nationales Palliativregister).

• Einbindung der Palliativversorgung bei der Entwicklung des nationalen Krebsplans, der nationalen Demenzstrategie, der nationalen Versorgungsleitlinien, der Disease-Manage-ment-Programme (DMP) und bei Versor-gungsstrategien anderer Krankheitsbilder.

Empfehlung 2:Förderung von spezifischen Metho-den und Inhalten interdisziplinärer Palliativversorgungsforschung

• Integration unterschiedlicher disziplinärer Perspektiven und Forschungsansätze aus den Lebens-, Geistes- und Sozialwissen-schaften in die Palliativversorgung. Der grundsätzlich interdisziplinäre Ansatz zu fördernder Forschung sollte die spezifi-schen Bedingungen gleichzeitiger körperli-cher, psychosozialer Veränderungen sowie Veränderungen in spirituellen Haltungen in der letzten Lebensphase berücksichtigen.

• Interventionsstudien mit palliativmedizi-nischen Fragestellungen und Endpunkten, um eine ausreichende Basis für evidenz-gestützte Leitlinien in der Versorgung der Patienten zu ermöglichen.

• Studien zur gegenwärtigen und zukünfti-gen Rolle von Medizintechnik zur Erhaltung von Selbstbestimmung und Selbstständig-keit von Palliativpatienten sowie zum teil-weisen Ausgleich eines demografisch zu erwartenden Versorgungsnotstands.

• Grundlagenforschung zu den systemischen biologischen Veränderungen in der letzten Lebensphase und bei terminal fortgeschrit-tenen chronischen Erkrankungen zur Ver-besserung der Palliativmedizin.

Empfehlung 3:Förderung von Strukturen interdiszi-plinärer Palliativversorgungsforschung

• Spezifische Förderungsangebote für Nach-wuchswissenschaftler sollen Anreize schaf-wuchswissenschaftler sollen Anreize schaf-wuchswissenschaftler sollen Anreize schaffen, um diese für inter- oder transdisziplinä-re Projekte zu gewinnen.

• Aufbau von befristeten interdisziplinä-ren Forschungsstrukturen unter Einbin-dung von Wissenschaftlern aus Klinik und Grundlagenforschung, Palliativpflege als auch aus der Forschung im spirituellen und psychosozialen Feld.

Empfehlung 4:Einbindung der Betroffenen sowie ihrer Angehörigen in die Entschei-dungsfindung zur Gestaltung einer Forschungsagenda

• Die Einbindung der Betroffenen sowie de-ren Angehörigen in die Entwicklung der Forschungsagenda für die Palliativversor-gung sind notwendig, um den Bedürfnissen der Palliativversorgung gerecht zu werden. Die angemessene Einbindung von Patien-ten und deren Angehörigen dient dazu, die Palliativversorgung an den Bedürfnissen der Empfänger auszurichten.

Palliativversorgung in Deutschland | Empfehlungen

WHAT CAN COUNTRIES DO?

WHAT ARE THE BARRIERS ?

Diagnosis Death Bereavementsupport

PALLIATIVE CARE

DISEASE PROGRESSION

It is care for patients withlife-threatening illnesses& their families

It improves qualityof life

It relieves physical, psychosocial &

spiritual suffering

It benefits health systemsby reducing unnecessary

hospital admissions

of the world’s population lack

access to pain relief

83% of people who need palliative care do not

receive it

86%of children needing palliative care live in

low and middle income countries

98%

Of the 40 million people who need palliative care each year:

WHAT ARE THE GAPS ?WHO NEEDS IT ?

It can be given in homes, health centres, hospitals and hospices

It can be done by many types of health professionals &

volunteers

Insufficient skills andcapacities of health workers

Overly restrictive regulations for opioid pain relief

Poor public awareness ofhow palliative care can help

Cultural & social barriers, suchas beliefs about pain and dying

Implement the 2014 World Health AssemblyResolution 67.19 on palliative care, by:

IMPROVING ACCESS TO PALLIATIVE CARE

39%have

Cardiovasculardiseases

34%have

Cancer

10%have

Chronic lungdiseases

6%have

HIV/AIDS

5%have

Diabetes

PALL

IATIVE CARE

NATIO

NA

L HEALTH POLICIES

Revise laws & processes to improve access to opioid pain relief

Include palliative care in the training for health workers

Provide palliative care services, includingthrough primary health care centres and homes

WHO/NMH/NVI/15.5

WHEN IS PALLIATIVE CARE NEEDED ?WHAT IS PALLIATIVE CARE ?

WHAT CAN COUNTRIES DO?

WHAT ARE THE BARRIERS ?

Diagnosis Death Bereavementsupport

PALLIATIVE CARE

It is care for patients withlife-threatening illnesses& their families

It improves qualityof life

It relieves physical, psychosocial &

spiritual suffering

It benefits health systemsby reducing unnecessary

hospital admissions

of the world’s population lack

access to pain relief

83% of people who need palliative care do not

receive it

86%of children needing palliative care live in

low and middle income countries

98%

Of the 40 million people who need palliative care each year:

WHAT ARE THE GAPS ?WHO NEEDS IT ?

It can be given in homes, health centres, hospitals and hospices

It can be done by many types of health professionals &

volunteers

Insufficient skills andcapacities of health workers

Overly restrictive regulations for opioid pain relief

Poor public awareness ofhow palliative care can help

Cultural & social barriers, suchas beliefs about pain and dying

Implement the 2014 World Health AssemblyResolution 67.19 on palliative care, by:

IMPROVING ACCESS TO PALLIATIVE CARE

39%have

Cardiovasculardiseases

34%have

Cancer

10%have

Chronic lungdiseases

6%have

HIV/AIDS

5%have

Diabetes

INTEGRATING PALLIATIVE CAREINTO NATIONAL HEALTH POLICIES

PALL

IATIVE CARE

NATIO

NA

L HEALTH POLICIES

Revise laws & processes to improve access to opioid pain relief

Include palliative care in the training for health workers

Provide palliative care services, includingthrough primary health care centres and homes

WHO/NMH/NVI/15.5

WHEN IS PALLIATIVE CARE NEEDED ?WHAT IS PALLIATIVE CARE ?

49

50