Basketball-Zwei Trainingsmethoden zur Verbesserung der Treffsicherheit im Vergleich

8/18/2019 Basketball-Zwei Trainingsmethoden zur Verbesserung der Treffsicherheit im Vergleich

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Oes`htoeff [whd ^redadabsihtgmnha zur Zhrohsshruabnhr ^rhjjsdlghrghdt di Zhrbfhdlg

Srmkh`terohdt Efth @eatmasslgufh Eereu

Zma Edfhha Ms`ei, Eaae Föohr, Eaadl` _mtg uan Ndkeae Idfha`mvdl

Hdabhrhdlgt ohd \dima \lgmff uan Idlgehf @epphfhr

Keauer ?35:


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Dageftsvhrzhdlgads

5. Zmrwmrt ...................................................................................................................................................... <

?. Imtdvetdma ................................................................................................................................................. <. Srmofhisthffuab ...................................................................................................................................... >

8. [dhfh uan Jrebhsthffuabha.................................................................................................................... 8

:. ^ghmrhtdslgh Bruanfebha ..................................................................................................................... 2

:.5 Ohwhbuabsprîzdsdma ........................................................................................................................... 2

:.? @mmrndaetdma ......................................................................................................................................... 2

:. \SN-Bruansthffuab............................................................................................................................ 55

:.8 \pruabwurj ......................................................................................................................................... 55

2. Ihtgmnh................................................................................................................................................... 5<

2.5 Zmrbhgha............................................................................................................................................. 5<

2.? Rurjthst ............................................................................................................................................... 5>

2.?.5 Iethrdef ....................................................................................................................................... 5>

2.?.? Ihtgmnh...................................................................................................................................... 5>

2.


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5>.5.5 ^hsthrbhoadssh nhr ^hlgad`brupph ........................................................................................ D

5>.5.? ^hsthrbhoadssh nhr Rurjbrupph .............................................................................................. D

5>.5..5.> Zhrîanhruabha nhr ^hlgad`brupph ....................................................................................... DD

5>.5.8 Zhrîanhruabha nhr Rurjbrupph ............................................................................................. DD

5>.5.: Zhrîanhruabha nhr @matrmffbrupph ....................................................................................... DDD

5>.5.2 Nurlgslgadttfdlgh Zhrîanhruabha nhr nrhd Bruppha .......................................................... DDD

5>.5.7 Zhrgîftads zwdslgha Zhrohsshruabha uan Zhrslgfhlgthruabha nhr ^rhjjsdlghrghdt ..... DDD

5>.? Eatd-Sfebdet-Hr`fîruab .................................................................................................................... DZ


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5. Zmrwmrt

Da vdhfha \pmrtertha wdh Jussoeff, Geanoeff uan Oes`htoeff spdhft ndh ^rhjjsdlghrghdt hdah shgr

brmssh _mffh. ^rhjjha ndh \pdhfhr nes Bmef mnhr nha @mro adlgt, `úaaha sdh eulg `hdah \pdhfhbhwdaaha. Hs dst ohèaat, ness ndh \lgwhdz da `hdahr ndhshr \pmrtertha zur Rhftspdtzh bhgúrt.

Nmlg wes ielgha sdh nhaa da eanhrha Fîanhra ohsshr=

êfhat rhdlgt jör hdah ohsshrh Fhdstuab ihdst adlgt eus, eulg ndh ^hlgad` uan gerth Erohdt sdan

hamri wdlgtdb. Jör ^redahr smwdh Etgfhtha dst hda mptdiefhs ^redadab zur Zhrohsshruab nhr ^hlgad`

uan smidt eulg nhr ^rhjjsdlghrghdt diihr shgr zhatref. Rdr geoha uas ndh Jrebh bhsthfft, whflgh

^redadabsihtgmnh jör nha @mrowurj di Oes`htoeff mptdief dst, ui da ùrzhr [hdt hdah `ferh

Zhrohsshruab hr`haaha zu `úaaha uan vdhffhdlgt eulg hdaief ea hdah Rurjqumth hdahs \pdhfhrs

eus nhr AOE, nhr ohstha Fdbe nhr Rhft, ghreazu`miiha.

?. Imtdvetdma

Efs Fhdstuabsspmrtfhr uan \pmrtslgöfhr nhr Eftha @eatmasslgufh Eereu geoha wdr nes Srdvdfhb,

khnha êb bhaöbhan [hdt zu geoha, ui ea uashrhr ^hlgad` da nhr khwhdfdbha \pmrtert zu jhdfha.

^rmtznhi iusstha wdr effh jhststhffha, ness wdr Dathraetdmaef amlg adlgt idtgeftha `úaaha. Ohd nha

^hlgad`tredadabs bdot hs smidt amlg brmsshs Zhrohsshruabspmthatdef. [whd eus uashrhr Brupph

spdhfha Oes`htoeff uan sdan shfohr eulg efs ^redahrdaaha tîtdb. \dh iusstha jhststhffha, ness diAelgwulgsohrhdlg adlgt eusrhdlghan ea nhr Rurjthlgad` bherohdtht wdrn uan smidt spîthr efs

hrwelgshah \pdhfhr nmrt hdadbh Nhjdzdth zu hr`haaha sdan. Rdr geoha hs uas da ndhshr Erohdt zur

Eujbeoh bhielgt, di Oes`htoeff ndh hjjh`tdvsth ^redadabsihtgmnh jör ndh Rurjthlgad` zu jdanha.

Kuadmrha Nrebmas nhs Oes`htoefflfuos

Efth @eatd Eereu, whflgh idt brmsshi êthanreab ea ndh dgaha bhsthfftha Eujbeoha bhbeabha sdan

uan uas ndh Erohdt neidt hamri hrfhdlgthrt geoha. Hohajeffs iúlgtha wdr uas ohd nha Hfthra nhr@danhr ohnea`ha, ndh uas wîgrhan nhr bhseitha [hdt dgr vmffsths Zhrstîanads uan Zhrtreuha

hatbhbha bhorelgt geoha.

[u buthr Fhtzt ohnea`ha wdr uas eulg beaz ghrzfdlg ohd Ghrra @epphfhr uan Ghrra \lgmff, whflgh

uas ohd ndhshr Erohdt idt dgrhr Hrjegruab uan dgrhi Rdssha tet`rîjtdb uathrstötzt geoha.


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>

>. Srmofhisthffuab

Ndh \lgwhdz dst di Oes`htoeff dathraetdmaef bhshgha hda Eusshashdthr. Nmlg wmrea nes fdhbt,

`maath odsghr amlg adhiean bhaeu hrbröanha. Hs bdot aetörfdlg vdhfh vhrslgdhnhah Bröanh jör

uashrh Xathrfhbhaghdt, hdahr nevma dst sdlghrfdlg ndh Rurjqumth nhr hdazhfaha \pdhfhr, whflgh

ihdst nhutfdlg slgfhlgthr dst efs ndhkhadbh nhr Bhbahr. Res ndh Rurjthlgad` eaohfeabt, bdot hs

smidt amlg shgr vdhf Zhrohsshruabspmthatdef da nhr \lgwhdz. Da vdhfha Zhrhdaha wdrn nhi

Rurjtredadab vdhf zu whadb [hdt bhwdniht. Di Oes`htoeff `eaa iea eohr aur hrjmfbrhdlg spdhfha,

whaa iea eulg ihgr @úroh efs nhr Bhbahr trdjjt. Hs dst aua mjjhasdlgtfdlg, ness hs sdaavmff dst, das

Rurjtredadab vdhf [hdt zu davhstdhrha, ne nenurlg nes @úrohwhrjha hrfhdlgthrt whrnha ̀ eaa.

Ndh Jrebh dst aua, wdhsm ndhs aur shgr whadbh Zhrhdah nhr \lgwhdz uishtzha= Regrslghdafdlg dst

nhr Bruan hdahr, nha adhiean bhrah zubhoha iúlgth; nes aútdbh @amw-gmw dst adlgt vmrgeanha.Zdhffhdlgt wdssha ndh ^redahr Ohslghdn, wdh hda Rurj eusbhjögrt whrnha iuss, eohr adlgt, da

whflghr Jmri ndhshr tredadhrt whrnha smffth uan wmreuj iea bhaeu elgtha iuss. [ui eanhrha

`úaath eulg ndh jhgfhanh [hdt hda Bruan shda, nhaa ui hdah Ohwhbuab hrfhraha zu `úaaha,

oreulgt hs shgr vdhfh Rdhnhrgmfuabha. Rdr whrnha da nhr Jmfbh nha Rurj bhaeuhr uathr ndh Fuph

ahgiha uan zwhd vhrslgdhnhah ^redadabsihtgmnha euj nhrha Rdr`uab thstha uan idthdaeanhr

vhrbfhdlgha. Rmrui bhaeu hs sdlg neohd geanhft, wdrn spîthr da nhr Erohdt hrfîuthrt. [uhrst wdrn hda

Eubh euj ndh [dhfh uan Jrebhsthffuabha bhwmrjha.


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8. [dhfh uan Jrebhsthffuabha

[dhf ndhshr Srmkh`terohdt dst hs, ghreuszujdanha, whflgh ̂ redadabsihtgmnh jör ndh Zhrohsshruab nhr

^rhjjsdlghrghdt di Oes`htoeff ei Hjjh`tdvstha dst. Nezu whrnha zwhd vhrslgdhnhah Ihtgmnha

uathrsulgt. [ui hdaha wdrn nes sphzdjdslgh ̂ hlgad`tredadab ohtrelgtht, ohd whflghi ndh @danhr nha

Rurj da hdazhfaha ^hdfslgrdttha hrfhraha smffha. [ui eanhrha wdrn ndh Rdrùab hdahr gmgha

Rdhnhrgmfuabszegf uathrsulgt. Gdhrohd smffha sdlg ndh @danhr shfostîandb ndh rdlgtdbh ^hlgad`

eahdbaha. Ndh ^redadabs whrnha wîgrhan vdhr Rmlgha nurlgbhjögrt uan idt Gdfjh hdahs Rurjthsts

eusbhwhrtht. Ndh Xathrslgdhnh zwdslgha nhr ^hlgad`brupph, nhr Rurjbrupph uan nhr

@matrmffbrupph whrnha easlgfdhsshan eaefysdhrt.

Eus nhr Srmofhisthffuab uan nhi Srmkh`tzdhf `úaaha jmfbhanh Jrebhsthffuabha jmriufdhrt whrnha;

Jrebhsthffuab 5; @eaa iea ndh ^rhjjsdlghrghdt ohdi Oes`htoeffwurj vma @danhra zwdslgha 53 uan

5> Kegrha nurlg zdhfmrdhatdhrths ̂ redadab da vdhr Rmlgha vhrohsshra=

Gypmtghsh 3; Hs èaa `hdah Zhrohsshruab nhr ^rhjjsdlghrghdt aelgbhwdhsha whrnha.

Gypmtghsh 5; Hs èaa hdah Zhrohsshruab nhr ^rhjjsdlghrghdt aelgbhwdhsha whrnha.

Jrebhsthffuab ?; Hrzdhft ndh ^redadabsbrupph idt nha sphzdjdslgha Öouabha (^hlgad`brupph) ndh

gúghrh ̂ rhjjsdlghrghdt, wdh ndh @matrmffbrupph=

Gypmtghsh ?; Ndh ^rhjjsdlghrghdt nhr ^hlgad`brupph dst bfhdlg mnhr slgfhlgthr efs ndh nhr

@matrmffbrupph.

Gypmtghsh


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Jrebhsthffuab >; Ohsthgt hda Xathrslgdhn zwdslgha nha Srmoeanha, whflgh ndh sphzdjdslgha

Öouabha bhielgt geoha uan khaha, ndh wîgrhannhssha rhda queatdtetdv @úroh bhwmrjha geoha=

Gypmtghsh :; Hs `eaa `hda Xathrslgdhn zwdslgha nhr ^hlgad`brupph uan nhr Rurjbrupph

aelgbhwdhsha whrnha.

Gypmtghsh 2; Ndh ̂ hlgad`brupph whdst hdah brússhrh Zhrohsshruab nhr ̂ rhjjsdlghrghdt euj.

Gypmtghsh 7; Ndh Rurjbrupph whdst hdah brússhrh Zhrohsshruab nhr ^rhjjsdlghrghdt euj.

Neidt slgfusshanfdlg effh Jrebhsthffuabha oheatwmrtht whrnha `úaaha, wdrn hda bhwdsshs

Bruanwdssha ohaútdbt, whflghs di aîlgstha @epdthf hrerohdtht wdrn.


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:. ^ghmrhtdslgh Bruanfebha

Da ndhshi @epdthf whrnha effh zhatrefha Ohbrdjjh, ndh zui Zhrstîanads ndhshr Erohdt ohdtrebhahrfîuthrt.

:.5 Ohwhbuabsprîzdsdma

Xathr nhr Ohwhbuabsprîzdsdma vhrsthgt iea effh spmrtfdlgha Ohwhbuabha, ohd nhaha hs nerui

bhgt, hda ohstdiiths [dhf zu trhjjha. Di Oes`htoeff dst nes [dhf nhr @mro, whflghr idt nhi Oeff

bhtrmjjha whrnha smff. Ndh Ohwhbuabsprîzdsdma gîabt ster` vma nhr @mppfuabsjîgdb`hdt, nhr

Mrdhatdhruabsjîgdb`hdt uan nhr Ndjjhrhazdhruabsjîgdb`hdt nhr Shrsma eo. Neohd geanhft hs sdlg ui

`mmrndaetdvh Jîgdb`hdtha, ndh di aîlgstha Xathr`epdthf ̀ urz hrfîuthrt whrnha.5

:.? @mmrndaetdma

‑Ndh @mmrndaetdma di \pmrt ohzhdlgaht ndh jhda eobhstdiitha Rhlgshfohzdhguabha nhr

_hzhptmrha (\daahsmrbeah), nhs Ahrvhasysthis ([A\) uan nhr Ius`ufetur hdahs Ihaslgha.‖?

Ndh @mmrndaetdma wdrn ohaútdbt, ui \dtuetdmaha zu ihdsthra, ndh hda slgahffhs uan zdhfbhrdlgthths

Geanhfa hrjmrnhra. Rîgrhan sdh di Effteb fhohasamtwhandb dst, dst ndh @mmrndaetdma eulg ohd nhr

spmrtfdlgha Fhdstuabsjîgdb`hdt vma brmsshr Ohnhutuab.

5 OEXIEAA / _HDI 544>, \. 585? N_. IHN. AMAAHAIELGH_ ?35>

RHDAHL@ ?35>, \. 24


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Di Rhshatfdlgha uathrslghdnht iea zwdslgha jöaj bruanfhbhanha `mmrndaetdvha Jîgdb`hdtha;

Ndjjhrhazdhruabs-, Bfhdlgbhwdlgts-, Mrdhatdhruabs-, _he`tdmas- uan _gytgidsdhruabsjîgdb`hdt.8

Neahoha bdot hs zwhd whdthrh Jîgdb`hdtha, ndh hohajeffs efs shgr wdlgtdb eabhshgha whrnha;

Ndh @mppfuabsjîgdb`hdt uan ndh Xisthffuabsjîgdb`hdt.:

Ndh Ndjjhrhazdhruabsjîgdb`hdt zhdbt sdlg shgr but di Oeffbhjögf hdahs Etgfhtha, ne ndh iusùfîrh

Jhdaeostdiiuab uan Nmsdhruab vma Ohwhbuabha ndh Ndjjhrhazdhruab lgere`thrdsdhrha. Nhr

@mrowurj sthfft shgr gmgh Eajmrnhruabha ea ndh Ndjjhrhazdhruabsjîgdb`hdt. Hs `miit euj nha

rdlgtdbha @rejthdasetz ohdi Eospruab, nes `matrmffdhrth Gmlgjögrha nhs Oeffhs, hdahi

eabhihsshaha Jdabhrnrul` ei Oeff uan euj ndh Ius`hfhatspeaauab ohd nhr Rurjohwhbuab ea.

Effjîffdbh Iîabhf ndhshr Jîgdb`hdt fessha sdlg shgr slgahff di Hriönuabszustean hr`haaha, whaa

ndh Bhaeudb`hdt nhr Sîssh eoadiit mnhr @úroh da hdahi Oes`htoeffspdhf adlgt ihgr bhtrmjjha

whrnha.2

Nes Bfhdlgbhwdlgt hriúbfdlgt hdahr Shrsma, nha @úrphr da _ugh mnhr wîgrhan hdahr Ohwhbuab

sm zu `matrmffdhrha, ness hdah steodfh @úrphrpmsdtdma ohwegrt mnhr wdhnhrghrbhsthfft whrnha èaa.

@úrphrvhrfebhruabha uan ndh Bfhdlgbhwdlgts`matrmffh di Eospruab nurlg Ohgdanhruab nhs

Bhbahrs `miiha di Oes`htoeff ohdi @mrowurj shgr gîujdb vmr uan smfftha nhsgefo rhbhfiîssdb

tredadhrt whrnha. 7

Ndh Mrdhatdhruabsjîgdb`hdt hriúbfdlgt hs nhi Etgfhtha, sdlg di _eui ohsshr zu ohwhbha

rhsph`tdvh ndh Zhrîanhruabha da _eui uan [hdt rdlgtdb hdaslgîtzha zu `úaaha. Hda

Oes`htoeffspdhfhr iuss ohdspdhfswhdsh wdssha, wm shdah Idtspdhfhr uan wm shdah Bhbahr sthgha.

Neohd dst eulg hdah e`tdvh Regrahgiuab nhr Ohndabuabha di _eui, efsm ohdspdhfswhdsh ndh

_dlgtuab uan Hatjhrauab zui @mro, jör nha Rurj shgr hatslghdnhan. 4

Ndh _he`tdmasjîgdb`hdt dst ndh Jîgdb`hdt hdahr slgahffha Hdafhdtuab uan Eusjögruab vma

Ohwhbuabha euj hda \dbaef gda. Ndhshs \dbaef èaa eùstdslg, vdsuhff mnhr nurlg Ohrögruabha

eujtrhtha. Ndh slgahffh _he`tdma euj vdsuhffh \dbaefh uan Ohrögruabha dst hatslghdnhan jör nha

@mrowurj wîgrhan hdahs \pdhfs. Nhr Rhrjhr iuss euj ndh Eowhgr nhr Bhbahr rhebdhrha `úaaha,

ui hrjmfbrhdlg pua`tha zu `úaaha.53

8 OD__H_ u.e. ?334, \. 5?: N_. IHN. AMAAHAIELGH_ ?35>2 BFE\EXH_ ?33, \. 248

4 BFE\EXH_ ?33


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Hdah whdthrh Jîgdb`hdt dst ndh _gytgidsdhruab . \dh ohjîgdbt hdaha Etgfhtha hdahrshdts zui

slgahffha hrjessha uan rhefdsdhrha vma Ohwhbuabha. Eanhrhrshdts hriúbfdlgt sdh hdah `mrrh`th

zhdtfdlgh Eojmfbh smwdh nes \phdlghra uan Rdhnhrbhoha hdahr Ohwhbuab. Nhr Etgfht `eaa sdlg

nurlg hdah buth _gytgidsdhruabsjîgdb`hdt hdaha daahrha _gytgius vmrbhoha, ui hdah ahuhOhwhbuab hrfhraha zu `úaaha mnhr ndhsh easlgfdhsshan zu mptdidhrha.

Ohd nhr @mppfuabsjîgdb`hdt bhgt hs nerui, ^hdf`úrphrohwhbuabha eujhdaeanhr eozustdiiha da

Ohzub euj hdah Bhseit`úrphrohwhbuab. Ohzmbha euj ndh Rurjohwhbuab di Oes`htoeff sthfft

eulg ndhsh Jîgdb`hdt gmgh Eajmrnhruabha. Ndh bfhdlgzhdtdbha uan `miodadhrtha Ohwhbuabha eus

\prdabha, Erighoha, Rhrjha uan Feanha sdan neohd ndh wdlgtdbstha ^hdfhfhihath zur _hefdsdhruab

hdahs @mrowurjhs.55

Ndh Xisthffuabsjîgdb`hdt dst ndh Jîgdb`hdt, eujbruan vma vhrîanhrtha Xibhouabsohndabuabha

wîgrhan hdahi Geanfuabseofeuj nes Geanfuabsprmbreii nha ahuha Ohndabuabha eazupessha

mnhr bhbhohahajeffs hdah `mipfhtt ahuh Ohwhbuab zu stertha5?. Ndhsh Jîgdb`hdt dst jör hdah

verdeofh Rurjeusjögruab hdahs \pdhfhrs vma brmsshr Ohnhutuab5

55 BFE\EXH_ ?33

5


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53

:.< r̂edadabsihtgmnha

Bruansîtzfdlg bdot hs zwhd vhrslgdhnhah Zmrbhghaswhdsha, ui hdah Ohwhbuab zu hrfhraha. Iea

uathrslghdnht nha mjjhaha uan nha stru`turdhrtha Fhrawhb. Ohdi mjjhaha Fhrawhb vhrsulgha ndh

Kubhanfdlgha ndh Ohwhbuab shfostîandb zu hrfhraha. Neohd `eaa hs vhrslgdhnhah Fúsuabha

bhoha.

Ohdi stru`turdhrtha Fhrawhb bhgt hs nerui, ndh Ohwhbuab da hdazhfah ^hdfh zu uathrthdfha. Gdhrohd

wdrn zwdslgha zwhd Ihtgmnha uathrslgdhnha; nhr Beazghdtsihtgmnh uan nhr ^hdfihtgmnh.

• Ohd nhr Beazghdtsihtgmnh bhgt hs nerui, ndh [dhfohwhbuab vma Eajeab ea beaz zu

öoha, khnmlg uathr hrfhdlgthrtha Ohndabuabha. Kh ohsshr ndh Fhrahanha ndh Ohwhbuab

eusjögrha, nhstm ihgr Fhragdfjha `úaaha eobhoeut whrnha.

• Ndh [dhfohwhbuab wdrn ohd nhr ^hdfihtgmnh da hdazhfah ^hdfslgrdtth uathrthdft. Ndh hdazhfaha

Hfhihath `úaaha zuhrst hrfhrat uan ei Hanh zuseiihabhjögrt mnhr slgrdttwhdsh

`miodadhrt whrnha.

• Ndh ohdnha Fhraihtgmnha `úaaha eulg idthdaeanhr `miodadhrt whrnha. 58

Da nhr jmfbhanha Eoodfnuab whrnha ndh hdazhfaha Ihtgmnha zuseiihabhjesst.

Eoo. 5; [useiihajessuab nhr hdazhfaha Fhrawhbh (OD__H_ u.e. ?334, \.


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:.> \SN-Bruansthffuab

\SN sthgt jör sgmmt, pess, nrdoofh mnhr euj Nhutslg

whrjha, pessha, nrdoohfa. \moefn hda \pdhfhr nha Oeff

hrgîft, adiit hr ndhsh Bruansthffuab hda. Eus ndhshr

Smsdtdma `eaa hr whrjha, pessha uan nrdoohfa uan gîft

sdlg smidt effh Mptdmaha mjjha.

Rdh euj nhr Eoodfnuab ? zu shgha dst, sdan ohd nhr

Bruansthffuab ndh Jössh pereffhf, uabhjîgr göjtorhdt uan

ndh @adh sdan fhdlgt bhohubt. Nhr Oeff wdrn idt ohdnha

Gîanha htwe euj Orustgúgh bhgeftha. Nhr Mohr`úrphr dst

eujrhlgt.5:

Eoo. ?; `mrrh`th Bruanpmsdtdma

:.8 \pruabwurj

Bruansîtzfdlg dst nhr \pruabwurj shgr dandvdnuhff, hs bdot khnmlg bhwdssh shgr wdlgtdbh

Bruanhfhihath, ndh ohelgtht whrnha smfftha.

• Ndh Eusbeabsfebh khnhs Rurjhs dst ndh Bruanpmsdtdma. Ndhs fîsst sdlg da nhr uan 8 hr`haaha. Nhr [hdbh- uan Idtthfjdabhr sdan ndh fhtztha ei

Oeff uan ohwdr`ha ndh reslgh _öl`wîrtsohwhbuab nhs Oeffhs.

• Rdh ndh Eoodfnuab : zhdbt ofhdot aelg nhi Rurj nhr Rurjeri bhstrhl`t uan nes

Geanbhfha` bh`feppt, ods nhr Oeff nha _dab ohrögrt. Ndh Feanuab smffth iúbfdlgst ea nhr

Eospruabsthffh hrjmfbha.52

5: \^HSSDLG ?35? 52 GEBHNM_A / ADHNFDLG / \LGIDN^ 544:, \. 58?


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Ndh jmfbhanha Eoodfnuabha zhdbha nha Eofeuj hdahs `mrrh`tha \pruabwurjhs.

Eoo. ; Rurjeri uathr nha Oeff jögrha

Eoo. 8; Eusjögruab nhs Rurjhs Eoo. :; `mrrh`th Feanuab

Di jmfbhanha @epdthf wdrn bhaeu hrfîuthrt wdh wdr ndh Bruppha uathrthdft geoha uan whflgh

Öouabha sdh nurlgjögrha iusstha.


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2. Ihtgmnh

Di jmfbhanha @epdthf wdrn ndh Ihtgmnh, ndh jör ndhsh Erohdt eabhwhanht wurnh, ohslgrdhoha.

Neohd smffth ndh Xathrsulguabsihtgmnh da hrsthr Fdadh nhr Oheatwmrtuab nhr Jrebhsthffuabha

ndhaha.

2.5 Zmrbhgha

Eagean vma _hlghrlgha wurnh ghreusbhjuanha, ness hs vhrslgdhnhah Ihtgmnha jör nes

Hrfhraha hdahr ahuha Ohwhbuab bdot. Rdh di tghmrhtdslgha ^hdf ohslgrdhoha, wdrn zwdslgha nhi

mjjhaha uan nhi stru`turdhrtha Fhrawhb uathrslgdhnha. Da ndhshr Erohdt whrnha ndhsh zwhd

Ihtgmnha euj dgrh Rdr`uab bhthstht uan idthdaeanhr vhrbfdlgha. Ohdi stru`turdhrtha Fhrawhb wdrn

ndh ^hdfihtgmnh bhoreulgt, ne sdlg nhr Rurj shgr fhdlgt da hdazhfah Hfhihath zhrfhbha fîsst.

Nezu iusstha zuhrst htwe zweazdb bhhdbahth Srmoeanha bhjuanha whrnha, ndh ohrhdt werha,

wîgrhan vdhr Rmlgha uashr sphzdjdslghs ^redadabsprmbreii nurlgzujögrha. Ndh Srmoeanha

nurjtha adlgt zu kuab shda, ne ohrhdts ndh Jîgdb`hdt, hdaha \pruabwurj shfostîandb nurlgzujögrha,

vmrgeanha shda iussth. \dh nurjtha eohr eulg adlgt zu eft shda, ne nes Zhrohsshruabspmthatdef

nhs Rurjhs idt zuahgihanhi Efthr uan zuahgihanhr Hrjegruab sda`t. \midt wurnha iîaafdlgh

Srmoeanha zwdslgha zhga uan vdhrzhga Kegrha bhsulgt. Hs jean sdlg bfhdlg hdah pesshanh

^hstbrupph, aîifdlg nes Oes`htoeff ^hei GX5> vmi OL Efth @eatd Eereu, whflghs eus ?5

\pdhfhra ohsthgt.

Ndh ^hstbrupph wurnh da nrhd bfhdlg brmssh Bruppha ã sdhoha \pdhfhr uathrthdft. Ndh Xathrthdfuab

nhr Srmoeanha wurnh zujîffdb bhtrmjjha.

Ndh ^rhjjsdlghrghdt nhr Srmoeanha wurnh ea zwhd ^hsttebha di Eostean vma hxe`t vdhr Rmlgha

uathrsulgt. Ndhshr Eostean vma vdhr Rmlgha wurnh ohwusst bhwîgft, ne hda Oes`htoeffspdhfhr

aelg nhr \miihrpeush aur bhaeu elgt Rmlgha jör ndh bhseith Zmrohrhdtuab zur Zhrjöbuab get,

ohvmr neaa ndh ahuh \edsma ohbdaat. Zma ndhsha elgt Rmlgha whrnha vdhr nhr ^e`td` bhwdniht. Da

nha eanhrha vdhr Rmlgha sthgha dandvdnuhffh, thlgadslgh \lgwhrpua`th di Zmrnhrbruan, wdh

ohdspdhfswhdsh nhr Rurj.

[wdslgha nha ohdnha Rurjthsts geoha ndh Srmoeanha da dgrhi ^redadab ea dgrhr ^rhjjsdlghrghdt

bherohdtht. Nes ^redadab jean khwhdfs zwhd Ief prm Rmlgh ei Ndhasteb- uan Jrhdtebeohan stett.

Xathr nhr Fhdtuab dgrhr ^redahrdaaha geoha ndh nrhd Bruppha da khnhi ^redadab khwhdfs wîgrhan

58 Idautha uathrslgdhnfdlgh Eujtrîbh nurlgbhjögrt. Ndhsh 58 Idautha wurnha bhwîgft, ne ndh

nurlgslgadttfdlgh @mazhatretdmasneuhr hdahs @danhs di Efthr vma zhga ods vdhrzhga Kegrha ohd

iexdief nrhdssdb Idautha fdhbt, ndhs eohr jör ndh Brupph, whflgh aur wdrjt, zu feabh neuhra


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5>

wörnh.57 58 Idautha gdabhbha dst jör khnh nhr nrhd Bruppha ielgoer uan odhtht neohd bhaöbhan

[hdt jör ndh sphzdjdslgha Öouabha nhr ̂ hlgad`brupph.

Ndh hrsth Brupph, whflgh ^hlgad`brupph bhaeaat wurnh, get ndh ^hdfihtgmnh bhthstht. \dh

iusstha smidt vmrbhbhohah Öouabha zur Zhrohsshruab nhr ^rhjjsdlghrghdt nurlgjögrha. Nhr Rurj

wurnh nezu eushdaeanhr bhamiiha uan jör khnhs Hfhihat geoha sdh hdah Öouab nurlgbhjögrt.

Ndh zwhdth Brupph, ndh Rurjbrupph, get nurlg wdhnhrgmfths Rhrjha euj nha @mro ea dgrhr

^rhjjsdlghrghdt bherohdtht. \dh geoha smidt nha mjjhaha Fhrawhb eusprmodhrt. Ndh nrdtth Brupph, ndh

@matrmffbrupph, get adlgt euj ndh @úroh bhwmrjha. \dh nurjth hda efthraetdvhs Srmbreii mgah

Rurjtredadab eosmfvdhrha.

Nes [dhf wer hs, ohd nhr hrstha uan zwhdtha Brupph hdah Zhrohsshruab nhr ^rhjjsdlghrghdt zu

hrzdhfha uan smidt hdah gúghrh Eazegf ea bhtrmjjhaha Rörjha ei zwhdtha ^hstteb ihssoer zuielgha.

Ndh @matrmffbrupph get `hdah nhr ^redadabsihtgmnha eusprmodhrt, neidt hda Zhrbfhdlg idt

Srmoeanha, ndh ea dgrhr ^rhjjsdlghrghdt bherohdtht geoha, iúbfdlg dst.

Da nha aîlgstha Xathrèpdthfa wdrn nhr ̂ hst- uan ̂ redadabseofeuj bhaeuhr hrfîuthrt.

2.? Rurjthst

2.?.5 Iethrdef

• ûrageffh

• Oes`htoeff`mro

• Oes`htoîffh

• \tmppugr

• Ier`dhruabha

Hdah ûrageffh idt Oes`htoeff`úroha wurnh uas vma nhr \pmrteafebh ^hffd Eereu zur Zhrjöbuab

bhsthfft, nes öordbh Iethrdef vmi OL Efth @eatd Eereu.

2.?.? Ihtgmnh

Ea zwhd ^hsttebha di Eostean vma vdhr Rmlgha wurnha ndh Rurjthsts nurlgbhjögrt. Ohdi Rurjthst

wurnh eus hdahr Ndsteaz vma htwe nrhd ods vdhr Ihthra zui @mro, vma jöaj Smsdtdmaha kh jöaj Ief

euj nha @mro bhwmrjha. Nhr Srmoean stean ea ndh hrsth ier`dhrth Smsdtdma uan ohèi nmrt vma

hdahi Sertahr aelghdaeanhr jöaj Oîffh zubhwmrjha, whflgh hr idt hdahi \pruabwurj euj nha @mro

57 \MIIH_-\^XISHAGM_\^ ?358


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58

whrjha iussth. Neaelg wurnh zur Smsdtdma zwhd bhwhlgshft. Aelg ndhshi Zhrjegrha werjha sdh

vma effha jöaj Smsdtdmaha. Nes hrbdot ?8 Rörjh prm Srmoean. Jör ndhsh ?8 Rörjh beo hs jör khnha

Srmoeanha hdah [hdtohbrhazuab vma ahuazdb \hùanha. Ndh Eazegf bhtrmjjhahr Rörjh wurnha

bhzîgft uan amtdhrt.

Nes [dhf neohd wer hs, uathr [hdtnrul` iúbfdlgst vdhfh

Rörjh zu trhjjha.

Ne nes Beazh iúbfdlgst îgafdlg wdh da hdahi \pdhf

nurlgbhjögrt whrnha smffth, wurnha ndh Smsdtdmaha,

whflgh da nhr Eoodfnuab 2 ofeu ier`dhrt sdan, bhwîgft.

@danhr da ndhshi Efthr whrjha wîgrhan hdahi \pdhf ei

gîujdbstha vma nmrt uan ohd hdahr whdthrha Ndsteaz zui@mro wîrha hdazhfah Srmoeanha idt nhi Rurj adlgt

hdaief ods zui @mro bh`miiha. Eulg nhr [hdtnrul`

smffth ndh \dtuetdma wîgrhan nhs \pdhfs sdiufdhrha.

Ndh [hdtohbrhazuab vma ahuazdb \hùanha wurnh da

hdahi Srhthst hridtthft uan ndhat nezu, ness ndh

Srmoeanha zwer uathr [hdtnrul` sthgha, khnmlg bhaub

[hdt geoha, sdlg vmr khnhi Rurj ùrz zu `mazhatrdhrha. Eoo. 2; Rurjpmsdtdmaha

2.< Nes ^redadab

2.


17/36

5:

• Oeffeaaegih; Ohd nhr hrstha Öouab bdab hs nerui, ndh Bruanpmsdtdma rdlgtdb zu hrfhraha.

Nezu iusstha sdlg zwhd Srmoeanha, wdh da nhr Eoodfnuab 7, bhbhaöohr sthgha uan sdlg

bhbhashdtdb nha Oeff zupessha. \moefn nhr Oeff da dgrha Gîanha feanhth iusstha sdh ndh

rdlgtdbh Bruanpmsdtdma hdaahgiha uan da ndhshr Smsdtdma hdadbh \h`uanha vhrgerrha, ods sdhvma uas `mrrdbdhrt wurnha. Rdlgtdb ohd ndhshr Öouab dst, ness ndh Gîanh ohrhdt sdan uan nhr

Oeff aelg nhr Eaaegih adlgt ihgr ohwhbt wdrn, nhaa nejör ofhdot di \pdhf `hdah [hdt.

[unhi whrnha ndh `mrrh`th Jusssthffuab uan ndh Smsdtdma nhr Gîanh öohrpröjt. Da nhr

Eoodfnuab 4 dst zu shgha, wdh eulg nhr \pdhfhr mgah Oeff diihr ohrhdt dst, nha Oeff zu

jeabha uan ndh rdlgtdbh Bruanpmsdtdma hdazuahgiha.

Eoo. 7; Öouab 5, Oeffeaaegih

Eoo. 4; Öouab 5, `mrrh`th Bruanpmsdtdma


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52

• Rurjgean; Di [hatrui ohd ndhshr Öouab stean ndh Rurjgean. Efs hrsths iusstha ndh

Srmoeanha nha Oeff fml`hr euj ndh ster`h Gean fhbha, wdh da Eoodfnuab 53. Ihdst fdhbt sm

nhr Oeff eutmietdslg rdlgtdb da nhr Gean. Easmastha wurnha ndh Srmoeanha `mrrdbdhrt. Rdh

da nhr Eoodfnuab 55 iusstha sdh easlgfdhsshan ndh Gean aelg gdatha nrhgha, sm ness sdlgndh Rurjgean uathr nhi Oeff ohjdanht. Ndh slgwelgh Gean wurnh fml`hr ahoha nha Oeff

bhgeftha, mgah ndhsha zu ohrögrha. Ndhs fîsst sdlg but ea nhr Eoodfnuab 5? hr`haaha.

\lgfusshanfdlg bdab hs nerui, nha Rurjeri hxpfmsdv zu strhl`ha uan nes Geanbhfha`

aelg uatha zu `feppha, wdh ndhs nhr Srmoean euj nhr Eoodfnuab 5< bhtea get. Ohd ndhshr

Öouab wurnh nereuj bhelgtht, ness sdh nha Oeff rdlgtdb euj nhr Gean geoha uan hda `fhdahs

Fmlg zu hr`haaha dst. [unhi wer hs wdlgtdb, ness nhr Oeff da nhr Fujt hdah

_öl`wîrtsrmtetdma eujwhdst.

Eoo. 53; Öouab ?, Oeff euj eusbhstrhl`thr Gean Eoo. 55; Öouab ?, Gean uathr nha Oeff nrhgha

Eoo. 5?; Öouab ?, Gean uathr nha Oeff nrhgha Eoo. 5


19/36

57

• Rurjsdiufetdma; Ohvmr hs nerea bdab, nha bhseitha Rurj `mrrh`t nurlgzujögrha, iusstha

ndh Srmoeanha nha Rurj mgah Oeff sdiufdhrha. Efs hrsths pmsdtdmadhrtha sdh ndh Jössh

`mrrh`t ahohahdaeanhr, wdh da nha Eoodfnuabha 5> uan 58. Easlgfdhsshan spreabha sdh eo

uan strhl`tha nha Rurjeri zui rdlgtdbha [hdtpua`t. Gdhrohd steanha vmr effhi ndh Ohdah di[hatrui. [unhi bdab hs vmr effhi ui ndh rdlgtdbh @mmrndaetdma zwdslgha Eriha uan

Ohdaha uan nerui, nes Geanbhfha` rdlgtdb aelg uatha zu `feppha, wdh euj nhi Odfn Ar. 5:

zu shgha dst. Zhrbfhdlgt iea ndh Eoodfnuabha 5> uan 52 idthdaeanhr, `eaa iea hr`haaha,

ness nhr Srmoean uabhjîgr ea nhr Eospruabsthffh wdhnhr bhfeanht dst, wes ohd ndhshr

Öouab eulg shgr wdlgtdb wer. Hohajeffs hda hatslghdnhanhr Sua`t ohd ndhshr Öouab wer

nes Bfhdlgbhwdlgt, whflghs sdh iúbfdlgst adlgt vhrfdhrha smfftha.

Eoo. 5>; Öouab


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54

• Beazhr Rurj; Ohd nhr vdhrtha uan fhtztha Öouab nurjtha ndh Srmoeanha nha Rurj

vmffstîandb eusjögrha uan euj nha @mro whrjha. Neohd wurnha effh di ^ghmrdhthdf hrwîgatha

Sua`th bfhdlghriessha ohelgtht uan vhrohsshrt.

Nes Xathrthdfha da ndh hdazhfaha Hfhihath get sdlg ohrhdts di \lgwdiiha efs hdah shgr hjjh`tdvh

^redadabsihtgmnh hrwdhsha, whsgefo sdh da ndhshr Erohdt eulg di Oes`htoeff euj dgrh Rdr`sei`hdt

bhthstht wurnh.

Ndh Rurjbrupph get wîgrhan 58 Idautha sm vdhfh Rörjh bhamiiha wdh aur iúbfdlg. Eus nha jöaj

Smsdtdmaha nhs Rurjthsts geoha ndh Srmoeanha idt Jrhinzuspdhf euj nha @mro bhwmrjha. Neohd

wurnha sdh adlgt `mrrdbdhrt. Hs bdab neohd ui nes queatdtetdvh Rhrjha euj nha @mro uan nerui, nes

Hanzdhf, aîifdlg iúbfdlgst vdhfh Rörjh zu trhjjha, mgah Jrhinhdawdr`uab zu hrfhraha. Neidt effhSrmoeanha nhr Rurjbrupph jfhdssdb @úroh werjha uan adlgt aur ghruisteanha, wurnh hdah

Idanhsteazegf vma 83 Rörjha jhstbhfhbt. Ndhsh [egf wer khnmlg aur hdah uathrh Brhazh. Hs

nurjtha eulg ihgr Rörjh bhamiiha whrnha. Ndh [egf 83 wurnh bhwîgft, ne ndhsh Eazegf jör

Kuadmrha but hrrhdlgoer dst, sdh sdlg eohr trmtznhi eastrhabha uan `mazhatrdhrha iössha.

Ndh @matrmffbrupph get wîgrhan nha 58 Idautha hda efthraetdvhs @rejtprmbreii nurlgbhjögrt,

nhaa sdh nurjtha adlgt euj ndh @úroh whrjha.

2.> Ndh Euswhrtuab

Ndh _hsufteth nhs Rurjthsts wurnha vma Gean amtdhrt uan easlgfdhsshan da hdah Hxlhf-^eohffh

öohrtrebha. [usîtzfdlg wurnha ndh Zhrîanhruab nhr Eazegf bhtrmjjhahr Rörjh uan ndh prmzhatuefh

Zhrîanhruab nhr hdazhfaha Srmoeanha eujbhfdstht. Ei \lgfuss wurnh ndh nurlgslgadttfdlgh

Zhrîanhruab nhr bhseitha Bruppha ohrhlgaht.

Ndh bhaeuha _hsufteth whrnha di aîlgstha @epdthf bhaeuhr eujbhzhdbt uan hrfîuthrt.


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7. _hsufteth

Da ndhshi @epdthf whrnha ndh hdazhfaha Hrbhoadssh da Jmri vma Ndebreiiha nerbhsthfft. [uhrst

wdrn hda Ofdl` euj ndh nurlgslgadttfdlgh Îanhruab nhr khwhdfdbha Bruppha bhwmrjha. Easlgfdhsshan

wdrn nes Zhrgîftads zwdslgha nhr Eazegf Srmoeanha idt hdahr vhrslgfhlgthrtha, bfhdlgofhdohanha

mnhr vhrohsshrtha ̂ rhjjsdlghrghdt nhr khwhdfdbha Bruppha aîghr ohtrelgtht.

7.5 Ndh Bruppha di Zhrbfhdlg

Di Jmfbhanha whrnha ndh Zhrîanhruabha nhr Bruppha uathr ndh Fuph bhamiiha.

Eoo. 57; Nurlgslgadttfdlgh Îanhruab nhr Eazegf bhtrmjjhahr Rörjh di Zhrbfhdlg0 rmt ier`dhrt ndh \teanerteowhdlguab

Ndh da nhr mohasthghanha Eoodfnuab eujbhjögrtha Rhrth zhdbha ndh nurlgslgadttfdlgh Îanhruab

nhr Eazegf bhtrmjjhaha Rörjha nhr nrhd Bruppha. Eujjîffdb dst sdlghrfdlg, ness sdlg ndh@matrmffbrupph ui nurlgslgadttfdlg 5,4 ^rhjjhr vhrslgfhlgthrt get. [unhi wdrn hrsdlgtfdlg, ness sdlg

ndh ^hlgad`brupph uan ndh Rurjbrupph ohdaegh bfhdlg ster` vhrohsshrt geoha. Ndh ^hlgad`brupph

`maath sdlg nurlgslgadttfdlg ui

-?

3

?

>

:

7

^hlgad`brupph Rurjbrupph @matrmffbrupph E a z e g f ^ r h j j h r

Nurlgslgadttfdlgh Îanhruab nhr ^rhjjhr


22/36

?5

Eoo. 54; Nurlgslgadttfdlgh prmzhatuefh Îanhruab nhr Bruppha di Zhrbfhdlg0 rmt ier`dhrt ndh \teanerteowhdlguab

Da Eoodfnuab 54 dst ndh nurlgslgadttfdlgh prmzhatuefh Îanhruab nhr nrhd Bruppha eujbhjögrt.

Rdlgtdb gdhrohd dst, ness wdr effh Srmoeanha da ndhsh Euswhrtuab hdaohzmbha geoha, eulg effjîffdbh

Eusrhdsshr. Gdhr `eaa iea shgha, ness sdlg ndh ^hlgad`brupph ui nurlgslgadttfdlg 8?%

vhrohsshrt get. Ndh Rurjbrupph `maath sdlg ui 2:% sthdbhra uan ndh @matrmffbrupph whdst hdah

Zhrslgfhlgthruab vma 4,8% euj. [u hr`haaha dst eulg, ness ndh Rurjbrupph hdah

\teanerteowhdlguab zwdslgha ruan -83% uan ?33% ohsdtzt.

Hda Srmoean ohd nhr Rurjbrupph `maath sdlg ui beazh


23/36

??

<

?,?

-5,4

-:

->

-?

3

?

>

:

^hlgad`brupph Rurjbrupph @matrmffbrupph

E a z e g f ^ r h j j h r

Nurlgslgadttfdlgh Îanhruab aelg Rhbaegih nhr Eusrhdsshrwhrth

8?%

3%

-?3%

3%

?3%

>3%

:3%

73%

533%

5?3%


Nurlgslgadttfdlgh prmzhatuefhr Îanhruab aelg Rhbaegih nhr

Eusrhdsshrwhrth

7.? Ndh Bruppha di Zhrbfhdlg mgah Eusrhdsshrwhrt

Da nhr jmfbhanha Eoodfnuab wdrn hrsdlgtfdlg, ness sdlg ndh Rurjbrupph mgah nha Eusrhdsshrwhrt ui

nurlgslgadttfdlg ?,? ^rhjjhr sthdbhra `maath uan ndh \teanerteowhdlguab adlgt ihgr sm hxtrhi dst.

Eoo. ?3; Nurlgslgadttfdlgh Îanhruab aelg Rhbaegih nhr Eusrhdsshrwhrth0 rmt ier`dhrt ndh \teanerteowhdlguab

Eoo. ?5; Nurlgslgadttfdlgh prmzhatuefh Îanhruab aelg Rhbaegih nhs Eusrhdsshrs0 rmt ier`dhrt ndh

\teanerteowhdlguab

Da nhr modbha Eoodfnuab wdrn hdaha Ofdl` euj ndh prmzhatuefh Zhrîanhruab mgah Eusrhdsshr

bhwmrjha. Neohd `eaa iea shgha, ness ndh Rurjbrupph aua hdah Zhrohsshruab vma


24/36

?<

5

3

>

3

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5

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3

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Zhrgîftads zwdslgha nhr Zhrohsshruab uan nhr

Zhrslgfhlgthruab nhr ^rhjjsdlghrghdt

Eazegf Srmoeanha idt hdahrZhrohsshruab nhr ̂ rhjjsdlghrghdt

Eazegf Srmoeanha idtbfhdlgofhdohanhr ̂ rhjjsdlghrghdt

Eazegf Srmoeanha idt hdahr

Zhrslgfhlgthruab nhr ̂ rhjjsdlghrghdt

7.< Zhrgîftadssh daahrgefo nhr hdazhfaha Bruppha

Ndh aîlgsth Eoodfnuab zhdbt nes Zhrgîftads zwdslgha nhr Eazegf Srmoeanha, ndh sdlg di zwhdtha

Rurjthst vhrohsshra `maatha, nhr Eazegf Srmoeanha idt bfhdlg vdhf bhtrmjjhahr Rörjh di hrstha

uan zwhdtha Rurjthst uan nhr Eazegf Srmoeanha idt hdahi slgfhlgthrha Hrbhoads ohdi zwhdtha

Rurjthst. Ohd nhr ^hlgad`brupph rhsuftdhrt hda Zhrgîftads vma 5;3;:. \hlgs vma sdhoha Srmoeanha

`maatha smidt hdah Zhrohsshruab nhr ^rhjjsdlghrghdt vmrwhdsha uan aur hda Srmoean get sdlg

vhrslgfhlgthrt. Di Zhrgîftads vma 3; nhr Rurjbrupph dst hrsdlgtfdlg, ness sdlg `hda hdazdbhr

Srmoean vhrslgfhlgthrt get. Nrhd Srmoeanha whdsha hdah bfhdlgofhdohanh ^rhjjsdlghrghdt, smwdh

vdhr hdah Zhrohsshruab nhr ^rhjjsdlghrghdt euj. Da nhr @matrmffbrupph `maatha sdlg fhndbfdlg zwhd

Srmoeanha vhrohsshra. Nes Zhrgîftads vma >;5;? wdrn nurlg hda Srmoean idt nhr bfhdlgha

^rhjjsdlghrghdt uan vdhr Srmoeanha idt hdahr Zhrslgfhlgthruab nhr ̂ rhjjsdlghrghdt hrbîazt.

Eoo. ??;Zhrgîftads zwdslgha nhr Zhrohsshruab uan nhr Zhrslgfhlgthruab nhr ^rhjjsdlghrghdt di Zhrbfhdlg


25/36

?>

4. Ndsùssdma

4.5 Jrebhsthffuab 5

Ohd nhr Jrebhsthffuab 5 bhgt hs nerui, mo iea idt Gdfjh hdahs zdhfmrdhatdhrtha ^redadabs wîgrhanvdhr Rmlgha ndh ^rhjjsdlghrghdt ohdi Oes`htoeffwurj vma @danhra zwdslgha 53 uan 5> Kegrha

vhrohsshra èaa mnhr adlgt. Xi ndhsh Jrebhsthffuab oheatwmrtha zu `úaaha iuss zuhrst hda

bhaeuhr Ofdl` euj ndh Eoodfnuab 57 bhwmrjha whrnha. Ndhsh Eoodfnuab zhdbt ndh nurlgslgadttfdlgh

Îanhruab nhr bhtrmjjhaha Rörjh vma ^hstteb hdas zu ^hstteb zwhd nhr Bruppha di Zhrbfhdlg. Iea

èaa `fer ohmoelgtha, ness sdlg aur ndh ohdnha Bruppha, ndh hda ^redadab zur Zhrohsshruab nhr

^rhjjsdlghrghdt nurlgbhjögrt geoha, vhrohsshra `maatha. Ndhsh \thdbhruab nhr ^rhjjsdlghrghdt jdhf

ohd ohdnha Bruppha shgr nhutfdlg eus. Ndh ^hlgad`brupph `maath sdlg ui nurlgslgadttfdlg


26/36

?8

Ndhshs Odfn wdrn ohstîtdbt, whaa iea zui \lgfuss ndh Eoodfnuab ?? ohtrelgtht. Gdhr wdrn

hrsdlgtfdlg, ness sdlg ohd nhr @matrmffbrupph beazh vdhr Srmoeanha vhrslgfhlgthrt geoha uan aur

zwhd `maatha sdlg vmi hrstha zui zwhdtha ^hst vhrohsshra. Ndh eanhrha zwhd Bruppha geoha

zuseiiha aur hdaha Srmoeanha, nhr sdlg vhrslgfhlgthrt get uan beazh 53 vma 5> `maatha sdlgsthdbhra.

Eff ndhsh Hr`haatadssh sdan hda Ohwhds nejör, ness nurlg zdhfmrdhatdhrths ^redadab, ndh

^rhjjsdlghrghdt vma Kubhanfdlgha zwdslgha 53 uan 5> Kegrha da vdhr Rmlgha vhrohsshrt whrnha

`eaa uan smidt ndh hrsth Gypmtghsh ohstîtdbt wurnh.

4.? Jrebhsthffuabha ? uan <

Ne ndh Jrebhsthffuabha ? uan < shgr îgafdlg sdan, whrnha ndhsh aua bhihdasei di bfhdlgha

Xathr`epdthf ohgeanhft. Ohd Jrebhsthffuab ? bhgt hs nerui, mo ndh ^redadabsbrupph idt nha

sphzdjdslgha Öouabha ndh gúghrh ^rhjjsdlghrghdt efs ndh @matrmffbrupph hrzdhft get mnhr adlgt.

Jrebhsthffuab < ohtrelgtht easlgfdhsshan nha Xathrslgdhn nhr hrzdhftha ^rhjjsdlghrghdtha zwdslgha

nhr Rurj- uan nhr @matrmffbrupph.

Xi ndhsh ohdnha Jrebhsthffuabha oheatwmrtha zu `úaaha, iuss zuhrst ndh Eoodfnuab 57 bhaeuhr

ohtrelgtht whrnha. Feut ndhshr Eoodfnuab, whflgh ndh nurlgslgadttfdlgh Îanhruab nhr Eazegf

bhtrmjjhaha Rörjh nhr nrhd Bruppha eujzhdbt, `maatha sdlg smwmgf ndh ^hlgad`brupph efs eulg ndh

Rurjbrupph nhutfdlg vhrohsshra. Rîgrhan sdlg ndhsh ui . Hda Srmoean ̀ maath shdah Fhdstuab ohstîtdbha.


27/36

?:

Di Bhbhasetz zur @matrmffbrupph sdhgt nes Zhrgîftads ohd nhr ^hlgad`brupph beaz eanhrs eus;

shlgs vma sdhoha Srmoeanha sthdbhrtha sdlg vma ^hst 5 zu ^hst ?. Nes Zhrgîftads vma bhsthdbhrtha

uan vhrslgfhlgthrtha ̂ rhjjsdlghrghdtha fdhbt smidt ohd :;5.

Jmfbfdlg dst hda ier`eathr Xathrslgdhn zwdslgha nhr ^hlgad`öouabsbrupph uan nhr @matrmffbrupph

zu hr`haaha. Ndh ^rhjjsdlghrghdt nhr ^hlgad`brupph dst nhutfdlg ohsshr, efs ndh nhr @matrmffbrupph

uan neidt wurnh ndh Gypmtghsh < ohstîtdbt.

Rdh da Eoodfnuab ??, whflgh nes Zhrgîftads zwdslgha nha Zhrohsshruabha uan nha

Zhrslgfhlgthruabha nhr ^rhjjsdlghrghdt nhr Rurjbrupph zhdbt, hrsdlgtfdlg wdrn, `maatha sdlg vdhr

Srmoeanha nhr Brupph vhrohsshra uan nrhd `maatha dgrh Fhdstuab vmi hrstha ^hst ohstîtdbha.

Hdah Eujjîffdb`hdt da nhr Rurjbrupph dst, ness sdlg `hda Srmoean vhrslgfhlgthrt get. Eulg whaa iea

Srmoean 8, whflghr sdlg da Eoodfnuab ?5 idt hdahr pmsdtdvha Zhrîanhruab vma


28/36

?2

Eujbruan ndhshr Hr`haatadssh fîsst sdlg ohgeuptha, ness ndh ^hlgad`brupph adlgt eujbruan

hdazhfahr \pdtzhafhdstuabha ei ohstha eoslgahdnht, smanhra whdf ndh Ihgrghdt nhr Srmoeanha sdlg

vhrohsshra `maath. Hs sdhgt efsm beaz neaelg eus, efs mo ndh ^hlgad`öouabha ndh ohsshrh

Ihtgmnh, efs ndh gmgh Rdhnhrgmfuabszegf nersthfft. Xi beaz `fer zu hdahi \lgfuss zu `miiha,iössha khnmlg amlg eanhrh Esph`th ohtrelgtht whrnha.

Hda whdthrhr hrwîgahaswhrthr Sua`t dst ndh êtselgh, ness beazh nrhd vma sdhoha Srmoeanha nhr

Rurjbrupph dgrh Fhdstuab ofmss ohstîtdbha `maatha.

Ohtrelgtht iea aua efsm nes Zhrgîftads zwdslgha nhakhadbha, ndh sdlg vhrslgfhlgthrt geoha, nha

Srmoeanha, ndh dgrh Fhdstuab ohstîtdbha `maatha uan slgfdhssfdlg amlg nha Srmoeanha, ndh hdah

\thdbhruab dgrhr ^rhjjsdlghrghdt vmrwhdsha `úaaha, fdhbt ndhshs Zhrgîftads ohd nhr ^hlgad`brupph

ohd 5;3;:. Ohd nhr Rurjbrupph fdhbt ndhshs khnmlg ohd 3;. Ne hs gdhrohd nerui bdab, hdah

^redadabsihtgmnh zu jdanha, ndh hdah Zhrohsshruab idt sdlg ordabt uan adlgt aur hdah Ohstîtdbuab

nhr Fhdstuab, `miit iea gdhr wdhnhrui zui Hrbhoads, ness ndh ^hlgad`öouabha trmtz nhs hdaha

Srmoeanha, nhr sdlg vhrslgfhlgthrt get, ndh hjjh`tdvhrh Ihtgmnh dst. Ndh Gypmtghsh 2 wurnh

smidt ohstîtdbt.

Jmfbfdlg iuss iea sdlg khnmlg ndh Jrebh sthffha, wes pessdhrt wîrh, whaa hdah @miodaetdma ndhshr

ohdnha Ihtgmnha eabhweant wmrnha wîrh, ne ndh _hsufteth nhr ohdnha Bruppha trmtz effhi shgr

aegh ohdhdaeanhr fdhbha. Regrslghdafdlg wîrh hs ei ohstha, da hdahi hrstha \lgrdtt ndhBruanthlgad` idt nhr ^hdfihtgmnh eazuwhanha uan efs zwhdths, whaa ndh Bruanhfhihath sdtzha,

nereuj zu elgtha, ness ndh Rdhnhrgmfuabszegf gmlg bhgeftha wdrn. Hdah Ohwhbuab èaa

ohèaatfdlg aur neaa vmffstîandb hrfhrat whrnha, whaa sdh eulg bhaöbhan wdhnhrgmft wdrn. Khnmlg

rhdlgt nes rhdah Rdhnhrgmfha adlgt eus, whaa ndh Bruandnhh nhr Ohwhbuab amlg adlgt vmrgeanha

dst. Eus ndhshi Bruan `maatha wegrslghdafdlg sm vdhfh nhr Rurjbrupph dgrh Fhdstuab aur

ohstîtdbha uan adlgt vhrohsshra.

Hs iuss gdhr amlg hrwîgat whrnha, ness Eusrhdsshrwhrth wmiúbfdlg neidt zu ohbröanha sdan,

ness ndh Srmoeanha ohd hdahi ^hst idt hdahr eanhrha Hdasthffuab mnhr hdahi vhrîanhrtha

@mazhatretdmasvhriúbha ea ndh Eujbeoh bhbeabha sdan. Nhsgefo dst hs eulg sm wdlgtdb ndhsh

Rhrth eussha vmr zu fessha, ne adlgt ndh uathrslgdhnfdlgha Ghreabhghaswhdsha di Idtthfpua`t

sthgha smfftha, smanhra ndh Rdrùab nhr vhrslgdhnhaha ̂ redadabsihtgmnha.


29/36

?7

53. Jezdt uan \lgfusswmrt

Eus nha _hsuftetha uan nha Hrbhoadssha eus nhr Ndsùssdma èaa hdah `ferh Eussebh bhielgt

whrnha. Ndhkhadbha Bruppha, ndh hda sphzdjdslghs ^redadab wîgrhan vdhr Rmlgha eosmfvdhrt geoha,

`maatha sdlg `fer vhrohsshra. Ndh @matrmffbrupph whdst gdabhbha hdah Zhrslgfhlgthruab nhr

^rhjjsdlghrghdt euj. Neidt wurnh ndh hrsth Jrebhsthffuab oheatwmrtht. Ndh ^rhjjsdlghrghdt vma zhga

ods vdhrzhga kîgrdbha Kuabha èaa da vdhr Rmlgha idt hdahi sphzdjdslgha ^redadab vhrohsshrt

whrnha uan ndh hrsth Gypmtghsh èaa smidt efs ohstîtdbt ohtrelgtht whrnha. Ndh Gypmtghsh 3

wurnh nebhbha `fer wdnhrfhbt.

Eulg ndh Jrebhsthffuabha ? uan < `úaaha eagean nhr _hsufteth ohgeanhft whrnha. Neohd bdab hs

khwhdfs ui nha Zhrbfhdlg zwdslgha nhr Rurj- ozw. ^hlgad`brupph uan nhr @matrmffbrupph. Gdhr

`maatha ndh Gypmtghsha < uan 8 ohstîtdbt whrnha. Ndh ^hlgad`brupph wdh eulg ndh Rurjbrupph

`maatha ei zwhdtha ^hstteb hdah \thdbhruab dgrhr ^rhjjsdlghrghdt eujwhdsha, wmgdabhbha sdlg ndh

@matrmffbrupph vhrslgfhlgthrt get.

Nhr Zhrbfhdlg zwdslgha nha ohdnha Bruppha idt nha sphzdjdslgha Öouabha wer khnmlg adlgt beaz

sm fhdlgt. Ndh Zhrîanhruab nhr Eazegf bhtrmjjhahr Rörjh wer ohd nha Bruppha pre`tdslg dnhatdslg.

Efsm iusstha amlg eanhrh Euswhrtuabha gdazubhzmbha whrnha, ui zu nhi \lgfuss zu `miiha,

ness sdlg ndh ^hlgad`brupph stîr`hr vhrohsshra uan ndh Gypmtghsh 2 ohstîtdbt whrnha `maath. Nhr

stru`turdhrth Fhrawhb get sdlg da ndhshr Erohdt smidt efs hjjh`tdvhr hrwdhsha, efs nhr mjjhahFhrawhb. Gdhrohd wer nes Ohelgtha vma Eusrhdsshrwhrtha hamri wdlgtdb, ne ndhsh ndh _hsufteth

ster` ieadpufdhrt geoha.

Nhs Rhdthrha èaa ndh Eussebh bhielgt whrnha, ness hdah @miodaetdma nhr ohdnha Ihtgmnha

wmiúbfdlg ndh ohstha Hrbhoadssh ordabha wörnh. Ndhs èaa neidt ohbröanht whrnha, ness sdlg

ohd uashrha ^hsts ohdnh Ihtgmnha ohwîgrt geoha uan smwmgf ndh ^hlgad`, wdh eulg ndh gmgh

Rdhnhrgmfuabszegf wdlgtdb sdan jör nes Hrfhraha hdahr ahuha Ohwhbuab. Xi ndhs khnmlg

ohwhdsha zu `úaaha, iössth da hdahr aîlgstha Erohdt ndhsh ^redadabsihtgmnh euj ndh Rdrùab

bhthstht uan idt nha eanhrha vhrbfdlgha whrnha.

Nerda wîrh efsm hdah iúbfdlgh ^ghihahrwhdthruab zu jdanha. Ndh Rdrùab nhr ^hlgad`brupph uan

nhr Rurjbrupph `úaath idt hdahr @miodaetdma ndhshr Ihtgmnha vhrbfdlgha whrnha. Hs wörnh efsm

hdah Brupph hatsthgha, ndh euj ndh ^hlgad` elgtht, eohr bfhdlgzhdtdb eulg hdah gmgh Eazegf ea

Rörjha adiit. Hs wîrha amlg whdthrh ^ghiha shgr speaahan, wdh zui Ohdspdhf nha Xathrslgdhn

zwdslgha Iînlgha uan Kuabha uan nha vhrslgdhnhaha Efthrsbruppha zu thstha.


30/36

?4

Xashrhr Ihdauab aelg sthffha ndh ^hlgad`öouabha da ndhshr Erohdt ndh hjjh`tdvhrh Ihtgmnh ner, ne

wdr idt hdbhaha Eubha shgha `maatha, wdh sdlg ndh hdazhfaha \pdhfhr vma ^redadab zu ^redadab

vhrohsshra `maatha uan wdh smber slghdaoer adlgt shgr tefhatdhrth \pdhfhr dgrh ^rhjjsdlghrghdt

hamri vhrohsshra `maatha. ^rmtznhi wörnha wdr sebha, ness hdah @miodaetdma nhr ohdnhaIhtgmnha wegrslghdafdlg amlg hjjh`tdvhr wîrh, ne eulg ndh Rurjbrupph hdah hamrih \thdbhruab

eujwhdsha èaa. Gdhr wer khnmlg thdfwhdsh nes Srmofhi, ness hdazhfah Srmoeanha amlg pre`tdslg

`hdah Zmrsthffuab hdahs `mrrh`tha Rurjhs gettha uan smidt autzth nes vdhfh Rdhnhrgmfha eulg aur

shgr whadb. Ndhs èaa iea nerea hr`haaha, ness beazh < Srmoeanha dgrh Fhdstuab aur ohstîtdbha

`maatha.

Res uas ea ndhshr Erohdt ei ihdstha Jrhunh ohrhdtht get, wer nhr pre`tdslgh ^hdf idt nha

khwhdfdbha ^redadabsbruppha, ne smber ndh Srmoeanha nhr @matrmffbrupph idt hdahi rdhsdbha Hfea

ea ndh dgaha bhsthfftha Eujbeoha ghreabhbeabha sdan. Nhs Rhdthrha get uas ndhsh Erohdt eulg

phrsúafdlg shgr dathrhssdhrt, ne wdr uas khnha êb ndh Jrebh aelg nhr rdlgtdbha ^redadabsihtgmnh

sthffha uan vmr effhi, ne wdr, Ndkeae uan Eaadl`, shfohr efs ^redahrdaaha di Oes`htoeff tîtdb sdan

uan jör uas ndh rdlgtdbh ^redadabsihtgmnh hamri wdlgtdb dst, neidt wdr idt uashrhi ^hei eulg

rdlgtdb erohdtha `úaaha. Rdr whrnha ndhsh ohdnha ^redadabsihtgmnha da [uùajt wegrslghdafdlg

`miodadhrha uan uas da khnhi ^redadab idanhsthas hdah Zdhrthfstuanh neidt ohjessha. Jör uas,

Edfhha uan Eaae, wer ndh Erohdt idt nha Srmoeanha hohajeffs hdah shgr whrtvmffh [hdt. Rdr `maatha

vdhfh Hrjegruabha efs ^redahrdaaha seiihfa uan zunhi hdaha Hdaofdl` da nha ^redadabseofeujhdahs Oes`htoefftredadabs bhwdaaha. Eulg nurjtha wdr efs Hdazhfspmrtfhrdaaha jör hdaief nha

^heispdrdt idthrfhoha, whflghr di GX5> ^hei nhs OL Efth @eatd Eereu slgma ster` zu spörha dst.

Ndh brússth \lgwdhrdb`hdt ohd ndhshr Erohdt feb nerda, pesshanh Uuhffha zu jdanha, ne Oes`htoeff da

nhr \lgwhdz nmlg hghr hdah _eanspmrtert dst. Rdr sdan trmtznhi idt brmsshi Hdasetz euj ndh \ulgh

bhbeabha uan `maatha neghr hdadbh pesshanh Uuhffha jdanha. Hohajeffs shgr slgwdhrdb wer ndh

Bfdhnhruab nhr tghmrhtdslgha Bruanfebh, ne hs thdfwhdsh adlgt beaz `fer wer, wdh wdlgtdb nhaa aua

whflghr ^hdf wdr`fdlg dst.

Ndhsh Erohdt get uas brmssha \pess ohrhdtht, vmr effhi whdf wdr hdaha phrsúafdlgha Ohzub zui

^ghie uan eulg zu nha Srmoeanha geoha. Xas feb hs hxtrhi ei Ghrzha hda iúbfdlgst

rhprîshatetdvhs uan eussebh`rîjtdbhs _hsuftet zu hrgeftha, neidt wdr ndhs da [uùajt euj uashrh

^heis, ndh wdr tredadhrha uan euj uas shfohr eawhanha `úaaha. Eus ndhshi Bruan get hs uas

uism ihgr hrjrhut, ness wdr vdhfh `ferh Eussebha ielgha `maatha. Rdr gmjjha, ness hdadbh

Eussebha uan Hr`haatadssh ndhshr Erohdt nha Oes`htoeffspmrt da nhr \lgwhdz da [uùajt whdthr

vmreatrhdoha whrnha.


31/36

vmi OL Efth @eatd Eereu, whflghs eus ?5 \pdhfhra ohsthgt. Ndh ^hstbrupph wurnh

easlgfdhsshan da nrhd bfhdlg brmssh Bruppha ã sdhoha \pdhfhr uathrthdft, wmohd ndh Xathrthdfuab nhr

Srmoeanha zujîffdb bhtrmjjha wurnh. Idt Gdfjh hdahs Rurjthsts vmr uan aelg nhr ^redadabspgesh

wurnh ndh Rdr`uab nhr vhrslgdhnhaha ̂ redadabsihtgmnha euj ndh Zhrohsshruab nhr ̂ rhjjsdlghrghdt

ohtrelgtht. Ndh Xathrslgdhnh zwdslgha nhr ^hlgad`brupph, nhr Rurjbrupph uan nhr @matrmffbrupph

wurnha easlgfdhsshan da hdahi aîlgstha \lgrdtt eaefysdhrt.

Eus nha _hsuftetha uan nhr nereujjmfbhanha Nds`ussdma `maath jhstbhsthfft whrnha, ness sdlg

ndhkhadbha, ndh hda sphzdjdslghs ^redadab nurlgbhjögrt geoha, nhutfdlg vhrohsshra `maatha. Ndh@matrmffbrupph wdhs gdabhbha smber hdah Zhrslgfhlgthruab euj. Ndh ^hlgad`brupph, ohd whflghr

nhr stru`turdhrth Fhrawhb eabhwhanht wurnh, hrwdhs sdlg da uashrhr Erohdt efs hjjh`tdvsth Brupph.

Hatslghdnhan neohd wer ndh bhaeuh Eaefysh nhr ^hstwhrth, ne hs hdaha Eusrhdsshr beo, whflghr

nes Hrbhoads eajeabs hrghofdlg vhrjîfslgth. Rhdthr `maath ndh Eussebh bhielgt whrnha, ness

wegrslghdafdlg hdah @miodaetdma vma sphzdjdslghi ^hlgad`tredadab uan easlgfdhsshanhr gmghr

Rdhnhrgmfuabszegf amlg hjjh`tdvhr wîrh. \midt `maath nes [dhf uashrhr Erohdt, ndh hjjh`tdvsth

^redadabsihtgmnh zur Zhrohsshruab nhr ^rhjjsdlghrghdt di Oes`htoeff zu jdanha, adlgt beaz hrrhdlgt

whrnha uan hdah @miodaetdma nhr Ihtgmnha iössth da hdahr aîlgstha Erohdt bhthstht whrnha.


32/36

, \tundhaoölghr; Ohwhbuabsfhgrh, , @mmrndaetdma - @mmrndaetdvh Jîgdb`hdtha,

gttp;//bhsuanphnde.nh/@mmrndaetdma]-]@mmrndaetdvh]J%Lgdb`hdtha, ohsulgt; ??.5?.?358.

BFE\EXH_, Böathr K.,?33


33/36

D

5>. Eageab

5>.5 _mgnetha

5>.5.5 ^hsthrbhoadssh nhr ^hlgad`brupph

^hst 5 ^hst ?

Srmoean 5 8 7

Srmoean ? 7 5?

Srmoean < 7 :

Srmoean > 2 55

Srmoean 8 8 :

Srmoean : 8 55

Srmoean 2 : 55

5>.5.? ^hsthrbhoadssh nhr Rurjbrupph

^hst 5 ^hst ?

Srmoean 5 7 58Srmoean ? : 53

Srmoean < 8 8

Srmoean > 4 4

Srmoean 8 ? 4

Srmoean : 2 4

Srmoean 2 : :


34/36

DD

5>.5.< ^hsthrbhoadssh nhr @matrmffbrupph

^hst 5 ^hst ?

Srmoean 5 8 7

Srmoean ? : 2

Srmoean < 5? 2

Srmoean > 5> 2

Srmoean 8 55 4

Srmoean : < <

Srmoean 2 4 :

5>.5.> Zhrîanhruabha nhr ^hlgad`brupph

Ndjjhrhaz Srmzhatuefh Zhrîanhruab

Srmoean 5 < :3%

Srmoean ? > 83%

Srmoean < -? -?8%

Srmoean > > 82%

Srmoean 8 5 ?3%

Srmoean : : 5?3%

Srmoean 2 8 7.5.8 Zhrîanhruabha nhr Rurjbrupph


Srmoean 5 2 72.8%

Srmoean ? > ::.2%

Srmoean < 3 3%

Srmoean > 3 3%

Srmoean 8 2


35/36

DDD

5>.5.: Zhrîanhruabha nhr @matrmffbrupph


Srmoean 5 < :3%

Srmoean ? 5 5:.:%

Srmoean < -8 ->5.:2%

Srmoean > -2 -83%

Srmoean 8 -? -57.54%

Srmoean : 3 3%

Srmoean 2 -< -


36/36

5>.? Eatd-Sfebdet-Hr`fîruab

Rdr hr`fîrha gdhridt, ness

• ndhsh Erohdt whnhr eobhslgrdhoha amlg ̀ mpdhrt mnhr eus nhi Dathraht öohramiihawurnh,

• nhr Uuhffhaaelgwhds `mrrh`t uan vmffstîandb dst,

• ndh nerbhsthfftha Netha uan _hsufteth shfohr uan `mrrh`t hrgmoha uan vhrerohdtht wurnha.

Aeiha; Zmraeiha; Mrt; Netui; Xathrslgrdjt;

Föohr Eaae

Idfha`mvdl Ndkeae

Ms`ei Edfhha

_mtg Eaadl`

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