,d Fkk dkoZjoh.kk xko.kdj

fganh vuqokn% laè;k HkkVysdj

^vjs] vc mBksxs Hkh fd ugha\* vkt ekstsl pkpk cM+s losjs ls ml NksVs ls yM+ds ds ihNs iM+s FksA vHkh Bhd fnu Hkhugha fudyk Fkk] ij pkpk dks pSu dgka\ og NksVklk yM+dk pkpk dh tksjnkj vkokt lqudj gM+cM+kdj mB cSBk vkSj lqurkjgk pqipkiA

^rqEgkjs cjkcj ds nwljs cPps ns[kks fdruk dke djrs gSa] xk; nqgrs gSa] tkuoj laHkkyrs gSa] eqfxZ;ksa dh ns[kHkky djrs gSa]ysfdu rqe! ,d rks brus efj;y vkSj ml ij Hkh xwaxs! Hkxoku tkus] D;k gksxk rqEgkjk\*

^er dkslks bls]* lqlku pkph le>kus yxhA ^uUgh lh tku] Fkd tkrk gS cspkjk] dy fnuHkj dke tks djrk jgkA vHkhog gS gh fdruk cM+k\*

^gka] HkbZ gkaA lc irk gS eq>sA ysfdu ;g rks crkvks] esjh enn djsxk dkSu\ gS gh D;k esjs ikl] u iSlk u tk;nkn! [ksrksaesa bl ckj cqvkbZ Hkh rks Bhd ls ugha gqbZ vkSj ,sls gh cSBs jgs rks [kM+h iQly Hkh tkrh jgsxhA* ekstsl pkpk ukjktxh lscM+cM+k,A

^ns[kks] u fny NksVk djks vkSj u bruh fiQØ djksA Hkxoku dh Ñik ls lc Bhd gh gksxkA ;g NqVdk Hkh ns[kuk] dSlkrxM+k gks tk,xk dqN gh fnuksa esaA*

^gka] 'kk;n gks gh tk;s rqEgkjs dgus lsA ,d gh ?kksM+k Fkk] og Hkh xaok;k blds fy,A*

ckr ;wa gqbZ FkhA vesfjdk ds felksjh jkT; esa Mk;eaM xzkso cLrh esa ekstsl dkoZj dk ,d teZu fdlku viuh iRuh lwlkuds lkFk jgrk FkkA mlds ikl ^esjh* uke dh ,d xqyke uhxzks L=kh FkhA ekstsl dkoZj us Jh xzsV ls mls 700 Mkyj esa [kjhnkFkkA vly esa ekstsl dkoZj dks xqykeh fcydqy ilan ugha FkhA balkuksa dks [kjhnuk csapuk mUgas vekuoh; yxrk FkkA ysfdu[ksrhckM+h dh ns[kHkky vkSj vdsyh tku iRuh dh enn ds fy, dksbZ lkFk gks blfy, [kjhnk Fkk mUgksaus ^esjh* dksA vius?kj ds ikl gh ,d ydM+h dh dksBjh cuk;h Fkh mlds fy,A esjh dk ifr ,d ckxkuokys ds ;gka ydM+h dkVus ds dkeij etnwjh djrk FkkA dHkh&dHkkj og viuh iRuh ls feyus vkrk FkkA ,d fnu esjh dks [kcj feyh fd nks ekg igys ,dnq?kZVuk esa mldk ifr ekjk x;kA xqykeh dh ftanxhA [kcj igqaph ;gh dkiQh FkkA

esjh ds ifr dh e`R;q ds vk?kkr ls os yksx vHkh laHky Hkh ugha ik, Fks fd vpkud ,d jkr esjh dh ph[kksa ls lkjk?kj pkSad mBkA ;g ?kVuk lu 1860&62 dh gSA mu fnuksa xqykeksa dks pqjkdj] Hkxkdj fiQj ls caspus dk /a/k cM+s tksjksa ijFkkA ,slh gh ,d Vksys dh utj ^esjh* ij Fkh vkSj ml jkr Mk;eaM xzkso ij Nkik ekjdj esjh dks os yksx mBk ys x;s FksAesjh dh ph[ksa lqudj ekstsl pkpk viuh canwd mBkdj mldh dksBjh dh rjiQ nkSM+s ysfdu nsj gks pqdh FkhA grk'k gksdj[kM+s jgs os] ?kksM+ks dh dh vkoktsa lqurs gq,] yxkrkj nwj tkrh gqbZ Vkiksa dh vkoktsaA

lwlku pkph vk;haA esjh dh dksBjh ds ikl tkus dh fgEer ugha Fkh muesaA fdlh rjg ,d&nwljs dk vk/kj tqVkdj nksuksacspkjs dksBjh ds ikl igqapsA esjh dh cgu cqjh rjg ls ?kk;y Fkh vkSj viuh vk[kjh lkalsa fxu jgh FkhA cM+k csVk fte dksBjhds ,d va/sjs dksus esa fNik cSBk FkkA esjh vkSj mlds nks eghus ds cPps dks mBk;k x;k FkkA

mlh jkr xkao ls vkSj Hkh uhxzks xqyke Hkxk, x, FksA dkoZj us xkaookyksa dh enn ls esjh vkSj mlds cPps dks NqM+kus dscgqr iz;kl fd,A muds cnys viuh tehu dk ,d fgLlk nsuk pkgk] viuk cf

tkrk FkkA esjh ds nqykjs dks laHkkyus esa pkph th&tku yxh gqbZ FkhA vkf[kjdkj mudh ftn vkSj esgur dk urhtk fn[kkbZnsus yxkA nsj ls gh lgh] og pyus yxk] FkksM+k dqN [kkus yxkA ysfdu ckj&ckj mBusokys ne?kksaVw [kkalh us mldk Loj;a=k,dne fcxkM+dj j[k fn;k FkkA ml xwaxs cPps dh eka dk D;k gqvk fdlh dks dHkh dqN irk ugha pykA cfrh FkhA

vesfjdk dk x`g;q¼ vc lekfIr ij FkkA xqykeh dks dkuwuh rkSj ij lekIr dj fn;k x;k FkkA vkilh >xM+s iQlknksa dsdkj.k fc[kjk gqvk lkekftd thou vc /hjs&/hjs iVjh ij vk jgk FkkA yksx [ksrh ckM+h ds dke esa yx x;s FksA ,d vlsZds ckn 'kakfrdky dh iQqjlr ik;h Fkh mu yksxksa usA ;q¼ dh cjcknh ls fudydj thou vc dqN&dqN f[kyus yxk FkkAMk;eaM xzkso vkSj vklikl dh vks>kdZ dh igkfM+;ksa ij cgkj Nk jgh FkhA iQyksa&iQwyksa ls lth bu igkfM+;ksa dh Nkao esa dkoZjdk nqykjk cgqr gh [kq'k FkkA og vc ukS&nl lky dk gks x;k FkkA dkoZj pkpk dk cxhpk mlh ds ftEes FkkA og Hkh cM+s'kkSd ls bl dke dks fuHkkrk vkSj bl dke dks djus dk vyko Fkk mlsA ikl iM+ksl dh >kfM+;ksa ls u,&u, ikS/s ykrk vkSjmUgsa ekstsl pkpk ds cxhps esa yxkdj mudh ns[kHkky esa tqV tkrkA dHkh ugha dbZ D;kjh cukrk] dHkh fdlh ikS/s dks/wiokys dksus esa yxkrkA mldk gkFk yxrs gh ikS/s tSls f[ky mBrs] lkjs cxhps dk dk;kiyV gks tkrkA og mldk viukdke FkkA

dkoZj ifjokj dh u;h iM+ksflu Jherh E;qyj pkph ds ikl vk;h Fkh xi'ki ds fy,A bruk lqanj cxhpk ns[kdj oks ,dnegSjku jg x;haA fdrus gh ikS/s rks muls igpkurs Hkh ugha cusA mudh iwNrkN ls rax vkdj vkf[kjdkj pkph us viusekyhckck dks cqyk;k vkSj os NksVs ekyhckck xquxqukrs gq, vkdj [kM+s gq,A

^D;kssa HkbZA vki rks dg jgh Fkha] xwaxk gS] cksyuk Hkh ugha vkrk] vkSj ;g rks xhr xquxquk jgk gSA* 'kq: gks x;ha Jherh E;qyj!

^lpeqp xwaxk gS ogA nks&pkj 'kCnksa ds vykok T;knk ugha cksy ikrkA ysfdu iQwy] iRrs] ikS/ksa vkSj uUgsa&uUgsa vadqjkas dsikl gksrk gS rks ,sls gh [kq'k gksdj xquxqukrk jgrk gSA bldh eka ,slh gh xhr xquxquk;k djrh FkhA* pkph rks [kks x;h viuhvHkkxh ^esjh* dh ;knksa esaA

NksVk ekyh vkSj mldk og] vn~Hkqr cxhpk ns[kdj iM+kslu vk'p;Z ls nax jg x;haA mlus NksVs dks cgqr ljkgkA ysfduog NksVk yM+dk cM+h gh ijs'kkuh esa iM+ x;k FkkA D;k okdbZ ;s yksx ikS/ksa ds ckjs esa tkurs Hkh gSa\ dHkh è;ku nsrs gSa\ ;kfliQZ ;wa gh fn[kkok djrs gSa\

ekstsl pkpk Hkh vc bl yM+ds ds fujkysiu dks tku x;s FksA mldh vk'p;Ztud iSuh fujh{k.k 'kfDr dk vanktk mUgsagks pyk FkkA isM+&ikS/ksa dh tjk&tjk lh ckr] NksVh ls NksVh bYyh Hkh mldh utj ls cp ugha ldrh FkhA ?kj vkaxu dsikS/s mldh fuxjkuh esa fcydqy lqjf{kr FksA cgqr [kq'k jgrs Fks ekstsl pkpk mllsA

bl ,dkdh vcksys yM+ds dk fe=k ifjokj Hkh vthcks&xjhc FkkA taxy dh >M+csjh] isM+&ikS/s] NksVs&NksVs ia[ksjQ] ryS;kdh NksVh eNfy;ka ;s Fkha mldh laxh&lkFkhA dHkh&dHkh budh otg ls pkpk ls MkaV&MiV Hkh lquuh iM+rh Fkh mls] HkwysHkVds ,dk/ pir Hkh jlhn gks tkrh Fkh] fiQj Hkh bu fe=kksa ls nwj ugha jgk tkrk Fkk mllsA ,d ckj rks mlus lw[ks iRrs]?kkl] /kxs vkSj Mksfj;ksa ls bruk laqnj vkSj gwcgw ?kksalyk cuk;k Fkk fd fdlh dks fo'okl gh ugha gksrk Fkk fd ;g gkFk lscuk;k x;k gSA

NksVs ekyh dk eu bu iQwy&iRrksa esa thotarqvksa esa ,sls jerk Fkk fd mls vkliM+ksl dk [;ky Hkh ugha jgrk FkkA NksVklk vadqj] uUgha dksiy] tjk lh bYyh] nhed dksbZ Hkh pht mls ?kaVksa cgyk;s j[krhA bu fujh{k.k ls mls tkus fdruh ghckrksa dk irk pyrkA isM+&ikS/s ekuksa mlls ckrsa djrs FksA vius nq[k nnZ bl NksVs ekyh rd igqapkus dh Hkk"kk muds chp

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dk;e gks x;h FkhA mlesa vkSj ikS/ksa esa dksbZ iQdZ ugha jg tkrk FkkA rc ekstsl dgrs] ^ikS/ksa dh ns[kHkky dSls djuh pkfg,]muds eu dh ckrsa dSls le>uh pkfg,] ;s dksbZ blls lh[ksA*

vM+ksl&iM+ksl ds yksx mls NksVk ekyh dgrsA bl NksVs ekyh dks nwljksa ds cxhpksa ds isM+&ikS/ksa dh nok&nk: djus dsfy, fdrus gh cqykos vkrsA fiQj ;s uUgsa MkDVj ckcw mu ikS/ksa dk bykt djus tkrs FksA fdlh ikS/s dh txg cnyus dht:jr gksrh] fdlh D;kjh dh feV~Vh dh xqM+kbZ djus dh vko';drk gksrh] rks fdlh ikS/s dks rst /wi ls cpkuk gksrk FkkANksVs ekyh ckck dk gkFk yxrs gh tSls tknw dh NM+h py tkrh] ckx dk :i gh cny tkrkk FkkA bu dkeksa ds dkj.k ekyhckck ds vuqHkoksa dh xBjh Hkh c esa vkrh FkhA csu;ke pkph dqN Bhdls le> ugha ik;h] blfy,] blfy, [kqn ckgj tkdj ns[k vk;hA xqykc ds ikS/ksa dh txg cny nh x;h Fkh vkSj ,slh txgyxk, Fks tgka mUgsa fnu Hkj lh/h lkiQ /wi fey ldrh FkhA [kq'k gksdj pkph us ekyh ckck dks 'kkcklh nh vkSj lkFk esa,d flDdk HkhA eqV~Bh esa flDdk fy,] og py iM+k okil ?kj dh vksj] ysfdu vc mlds fnekx esa u rks os xqykc Fksu gh og flDdkA ogka rks vc ukp jgh Fkh os jaxhu rLohjsaA

?kj vkdj lwlku pkph ds ihNs iM+ x;k ogA rax dj Mkyk loky iwN&iwN djA fiQj cSBd [kkus dh jaxhu rLohjsafn[kykdj u;s&u;s loky iwNus yxkA mldh v/dpjh ckrsa Hkh pkph le> ysrh FkhaA mUgksaus mls jax vkSj js[kkvksa ds ckjsesa le>k;kA cl vc D;k Fkk] ,d vkSj u;h ckr gkFk vk x;h FkhA >kfM+;ksa ds >qjeqVs ds ,dkar esa ;g ekyh ckck iQwy]iQy] iRrs dwV&ihldj jax fupksM+rs vkSj iafN;ksa ds ia[kksa ds cz'k cukdj rLohjsa jaxrsA f[kM+fd;ksa ds VwVs 'kh'ks] ydM+h dhifV;k vkSj vxj dqN Hkh u tqVs rks iRFkjksa ij ;g fp=kdkjh djrsA

mldk cM+k HkkbZ fte vc rd ,d vPNk gV~Vk&dV~Vk rxM+k toku gks x;k FkkA fte ekstsl pkpk ds lkFk [ksrh&fdlkuhds esgur ds dke djrk FkkA ysfdu NksVk HkkbZ nqcyk&iryk] detksj gksus dh otg ls ?kj esa gh jgrk FkkA lwlku pkph dsvkxs&ihNs ?kwek djrkA viuh iSuh utj ls pkph ds lkjs dke ns[krk jgrkA mudk eksecRrh cukuk] peM+k dekuk] mudhdrkbZ&cqukbZ] pwYgksa dh fyikbZ&iqrkbZ vkSj rks vkSj McyjksVh] fcLdqV] iqfMax cukuk] elkys cukuk] dqN Hkh rks ugha NwVrk Fkkmldh utj ls] ns[krk vkSj [kqn Hkh vius gkFkksa ls cukrkA pkph lksprh] pyks vkSj dke rks blds cl dk gS ugha] ;gh dkelh[k ys rks D;k gtZ gSA pkph mls lkjs dke vPNh rjg ls le>krh] reke ckjhfd;ksa ds lkFk fl[kkrhaA 'kDdj vkSj dkWiQh;s nks gh phtsa os yksx [kjhnrs Fks] ckdh vkSj phtksa dk cankscLr os yksx Lo;a djrsA fdruh gh phtsa pkph vius gkFkksa ls?kj ij cukrh FkhaA NksVk Hkh cgqr dqN lh[k x;k] ekfgj gks x;kA dkoZj ifjokj vPNk [kkrk&ihrk ?kj Fkk ysfdu euekuh ughapyrh Fkh] vuq'kklu okyk ?kj Fkk] lc dke rjhds ls] dk;ns ls gksrs FksA cpiu ls og ;g ns[krk vk;k Fkk] muds eu ijbu ckrksa dk xgjk vlj gks jgk FkkA oSls Hkh dkoZj ifjokj us bu nksuksa Hkkb;ksa ds lkFk dHkh Hkh uhxzks xqykeksa dh rjg cjrkougha fd;k FkkA pkgrs rks os nksuksa dgha Hkh tkus ds fy, Lora=k FksA ysfdu ;s nks cspkjs vukFk tho tkrs Hkh rks dgka tkrs\ekstsl dkoZj vkSj lwlku pkph ;s nks gh lgkjs Fks muds vkSj mUghsa ds lgkjs os th jgs FksA

FkksM+k cM+k gksus ds ckn fte Mk;eaM xzkso NksM+dj viuk ulhc vktekus ds fy, ckgj fudy iM+kA yskfdu NksVk dgha

ugha x;kA ogha ij jgkA mldh lPPkkbZ] fouezrk] bZekunkjh ns[kdj dkoZj ifjokj us mldk ukedj.k fd;kZ ^tktZ*] egku usrktktZ okWWf'kaxVu ds ukeA NksVss dks vc tktZ dgus yxs lcA ^xwaxk*] ^NksVk* ^ekyh ckck* bu lcdh txg og vc ^tktZ*dgykus yxkA

tktZ ds detksj LokLF; ds dkj.k lwlku pkph mls dgha nwj Hkstus ds fy, jkth ugha gksrh FkhaA mudh esjh dk nqykjkFkk ogA tktZ Hkh dgha nwj ugha tkuk pkgrk FkkA mldh eka ds ckjs esa fuf'pr :i ls dqN irk rks Fkk ughaA tktZ lksprk]D;k irk] dHkh vpkud eka okil vk;s rks\ eka dh okilh dh mEehn esa og viuh dksBjh Hkh jkst >kM+&iksaNdj lkiQ j[krkFkk] eka ds Lokxr ds fy,A

dHkh&dHkh lwlku pkph ls og viuh eka ds ckjs esa iwNrkA ^esjh* dh ;kn ls pkph dk xyk jQa/ tkrkA os dgrha] ^rqEgkjheka] cgqr vPNh Fkh] cgqr xq.koku] fcYdqy rqEgkjh rjgA rqEgkjh gh rjg dke djrs le; viuh ehBh vkokt esa dqNxquxqukrh jgrhA dke djus esa ,dne rst] pqLrA mls fy[kuk&i

^gka] fcYdqy gksxk] Hkxoku rks ekywe u gks ,slk bl nqfu;k esa dqN gS gh ughaA* pkpk cksysA

^,slk\ rks eSa vHkh tkrk gwa vkSj Hkxoku ls gh iwNrk gwaA* ,d Nykax yxkdj nkSM+rs gq, tktZ us dgkA ekstsl pkpk xqLlsls Hkj mBsA tktZ dks fpYykdj okil cqykus gh okys Fks fd pkph us jksdk] le>k;k] ^tkus nks mlsA*

^vjs] tkus D;k nks\ ,slh míaMrk vPNh ughaA ,dne xyr ckr gSA Hkxoku ds ckjs esa ,sls ckr djrk gS tSls fd Hkxokublds njokts ij vkdj [kM+s gq, gksaA

^'kk;n oSlk gh gksA* pkph cksyh] ^lwlk + + + u] vjs! rqe Hkh + + +\*

ekstsl pkpk lksp esa iM+s x,A fiQj /hjs&/hjs cksys] ^'kk;n rqe Bhd gh dg jgh FkhA ysfdu mls vc is vPNh yxrh gSA* tktZ ds gkFkksa dks vius gkFkksa esa ysdj mldh yach&yach maxfy;ksadks I;kj ls lgykdj ;k;xj lkgc us dgk] ^vlyh ekyh ds iSnkb'kh gkFk gSa ;g] fliQZ Nw ysus ls lathouh nsusokysA*

;k;xj lkgc us dkoZj ls dgk] ^ekyh ckck rks ,dne NksVs ls gSa vkSj vki dg jgs Fks fd vaxwj csyksa dh ns[kHkky dhgSA*

ekstsl pkpk us fiQj tktZ dh iwjh dgkuh ;k;xj lkgc dks lquk;h vkSj dgk] ^uhxzks fliQZ viuh esgur&etwjh ij gh thldrk gS vkSj ;g rks dHkh Hkh rkdrokyk rxM+k toku ugha cu ldsxkA gkyakfd eSaus bls iw.kZ Lora=krk ns j[kh gS] ysfdu;g eq>s NksM+dj dgha tk gh ugha ldrkA ckgj dh nqfu;k esa blds fy, jksth&jksVh dekuk Hkh eqf'dy gks tk,xkA*

;k;xj lkgc le> x;sA mUgksaus fiQj tktZ dks dbZ ckrsa fl[kykbZA vaxwj dk dye djuk fl[kk;kA dye djus ls vaxwjksadh xq.koRrk esa lq/kj dSls gksrk gS] ;g le>k;kA

^eSa vaxwjksa dh cfkfM+;ksa dh rjg ouLifr;ksa dh rjg rqe Hkh vdsysrks gks ysfdu ml n;kfuf/ izHkq us rqEgsa l`tu'khy gkFk fn, gSaA esjh gh rjg rqe fo/krk dk vkns'k ekuksA mlds fuekZ.k dk;Zesa lg;ksx djksA*

^tktZ dks ;kn vk jgk Fkk] ekstsl pkpk ls lquk gqvk] ckbcy dk opu] ^;g Hkwfe fo/krk dh gSA*

okilh dk le; gqvkA ;k;xj lkgc dh ckrksa ls tktZ ds eu esa tSls pkanuh f[ky mBh FkhA fdruh gh u;h ckrksa dsckjs esa mls vkt irk pyk FkkA ,d u;h uosyh nqfu;k ns[k vk;k Fkk ogA ekstsl pkpk Hkh lksp jgs Fks ;k;xj lkgc dhckrksa dks nqgjk jgs FksA mUgsa Hkh rks fdruh u;h ckrksa dk Kku feyk FkkA bruk vPNk ekxZn'kZu feyk Fkk ysfdu vc cM+h nsjgks x;h FkhA ekstsl pkpk rks vc cwk;haA ;k;xj lkgc us xkao esa] ^usvks'kks* esa uhxzks cPpksa dk Ldwy FkkA mUgksaustktZ ls iwNk] ^vkt ge yksx tgka x;s Fks] ml fuvks'kks xkao esa uhxzks cPpksa dk Ldwy gS] rqe tkvksxs bl Ldwy esa\* tktZpqi jgkA dqN dgus dh vko';drk gh ugh FkhA mlh le; og le> x;k fd vc dkoZj ifjokj NksM+dj nwj tkuk gSAckgjh nqfu;k esa vius cwrs ij pyuk gSA ^lkjh /jrh esjh gSA esjs firk ds dk;Z esa lg;ksx nsus ds fy, vc esjh ckjh vk;hgSA*

,d gÝrs ckn tktZ fiQj ,d ckj fuvks'kks dh jkg ij py jgk FkkA ysfdu bl ckj og vdsys] iSny gh jkLrk dkV jgkFkkA ekstsl pkpk lkFk vkus okys Fks ysfdu vpkud ,d cNM+k chekj gks x;k vkSj pkpk lkFk ugha vk ldsA

tktZ ds ikl Ldwy dh ;wfuiQkeZ gksus dk loky gh ugha mBrk FkkA ysfdu lwlku pkph vkSj Jherh E;wyj us feydjmlds diM+ksa dk cankscLr dj fn;k FkkA dkaVNkaV dh gqbZ ,d irywu] ,d iqjkuk 'kky vkSj fiQj ;k;xj lkgc dh nh gqbZfdrkc] iqjkuh o.kZekyk] Vgfu;ka dkVus dk NksVk pkdw vkSj nks cM+s&cM+s lsc! vkSj gka] ,d tksM+h twrs Hkh feys Fks ysfdu jkLrsdh /wy ls dgha [kjkc u gks tk,] blfy, mUgsa cka/dj mlus vius da/s ij yVdk j[ks FksA bu lc phtksa ds vykok mldsikl Fkk E;wyj pkph dk fn;k gqvk ,d MkWyj] iwjk ,d MkWyj] mldh igyh udn dekbZA

;s rS;kfj;ka tc py jgha Fkha rc fte Hkh vk;k] tktZ ls feyus tkus dh ckr lqudj mlus tktZ ls dgk] ^vkjke ls jksVhNksM+dj D;ksa nwj tk jgs gks\ o.kZekyk ds v{kj lh[k fy,] cl gks x;kA*

^fliQZ v{kj lh[k ysus ls D;k i

okyh ckr Fkh Hkh ughaA pkph us mls fonk djrs le; dgk] ^dksbZ cM+k lk ?kj us ds fy, rS;kjA ysfdu Ldwy jkst tkrk FkkA mlds cksyusesa vc dkiQh lq/kj FkkA vVduk Hkh de gks x;k FkkA ysfdu vkokt! og oSlh gh lkrosa lqj esa FkhA fdjfdjkiu vo';de gks x;k FkkA

usvks'kks dh og lfnZ;ka tktZ ftanxh Hkj ugha HkwykA gfM~M;ka rd te tk, ,slh tkuysok lnhZA jkst tkxus ij tktZ lksprkfd jkr dh lnhZ ls og dSls cpkA ,d Hk;kud BaM esa vUu ds vHkko esa] xje diM+ksa ds fcuk Hkh tktZ ejk ugha] ;g,d vk'p;Z gh gSA ysfdu og ftank jgk] [kwu tek nsus okyh ml BaM ds ifj.kke vkxs dh iwjh ftanxh lgrs gq, Hkh ogft;k ;g fuf'pr!

clar dk ekSle vk;kA mu fnuksa clar vkrs gh uhxzks cPpksa ds Ldwyksa esa NqfV~V;ka gks tkrh Fkha rkfd [ksrksa esa cqvkbZ dsdkeksa esa cPpksa dh enn gks ldsA NqfV~V;ksa esa D;k djuk gS ;f tktZ dc ls lksp jgk FkkA mls rks cLrh ds ckgj fudyusokys ;k;xj lkgc ls feyuk FkkA mUgsa crkuk Fkk fd mudh nh gqbZ fdrkc i

cxhps ls dSls okil vk;k] xkao rd dSls igqapk] eq>s ml le; dqaN le> esa ugh vk;k vkSj ckn esa Hkh eSa dHkh le>ugha ik;kA*

jkst gh dh rjg Fkdkekank tktZ lks jgk Fkk fd vpkud fdlh ds >d>ksM+ dj txkus ls uhan VwVhA lkeus xkS'kkyk dsekfyd dks ns[k tktZ dks yxk] cl vc ;g fBdkuk Hkh x;kA vc rks ekfyd ds gkFkksa ekj [kkuh iM+sxh ,slk lkspdj Mjds ekjs cqjh gkyr gks x;hA Fkds gkjs] Hkw[ks tktZ us tksj ls xyk iQkM+dj jksuk 'kq: dj fn;kA

ysfdu gqvk dqN vkSj ghA txkusokyk ekjus ugha vk;k FkkA mlus rks tktZ dks I;kj ls vius ikl cqyk;k] le>k;k] ^vjsjks;ks ugha] eSa rqEgsa ek:axk FkksM+s gh] ;gka D;ksa lks, gks\ dkSu gks rqe\ ;gka dSls vk,\*

,d rks igys gh vVd&vVd dj cksyuk] ml ij ckj&ckj meM+ iM+usokyh jQykbZ] fgpfd;ksa ds chp tSls&rSls tktZus viuh dgkuh mls lqukbZA ml Hkys vkneh us tktZ dks /hjt ca/k;k] dgk] ^tkvks] Mjks ugha] esjs lkFk pyksA*

ml Hkys vkneh dk uke Fkk tkWu ekfVZuA tktZ dks ysdj tkWu vius ?kj vk;kA ml ?kj esa] lkiQ&lqFkjh Vscy ij] tkusfdrus eghuksa ds ckn tktZ us [kkuk [kk;kA HkjisV [kkuk vkSj lksus ds fy, ,d [kfV;kA Hkjs isV uhan dSls cf

yxrk FkkA tSls&tSls og cM+k gksrk x;k] izÑfr esa lek, bZ'oj dk lkgp;Z mls vkSj vf/d Hkkus yxkA izÑfr dk lkfUuè;gh mldh lq[k dh dYiuk FkhA ogka mls cgqr vkuan vkSj 'kakfr feyrh FkhA

;g ckr ekfVZu nEifRr dh utjksa ls fNih ughaA mUgksaus Hkh tktZ ls ckj&ckj ppZ tkus dk vkxzg djuk NksM+ fn;kA ysfdumldk vdsykiu nwj djus dh ckr lkspdj mls vM+ksl&iM+ksl ds cPpksa ds lkFk eNyh idM+us ds fy, HkstkA tkrs le;rks tktZ cM+k gh [kq'k gksdj lc ds lkFk unh ij x;kA ysfdu tc cPpksa us dkaVs esa dsapq, vVdkdj ikuh esa Mkyus 'kq:fd, rks og HkM+d mBkA mlus lc dkaVsa ikuh ls fudky fy, vkSj fpYykus yxk] ^vxj rqe yksx bu NksVs&NksVs dsapqvksa dksekjksxs rks bZ'oj rqEgsa ltk nsaxsA*

vkSj fiQj og vdsyk eNyh] unh lc NksM+dj >kfM+;ksa esa pyk x;k fiQj ls viuh vdsyh nqfu;k esaA

iwjk lky chr x;kA tktZ fu;fer :i ls Ldwy tkrk FkkA Ldwy esa mldk eu je x;k FkkA mldk fujkykiu fNirk rksugha Fkk ysfdu vc mls dksbZ fp

^ughaa! eq>s oks Hkh ugha cuuk gSA eq>s dqN vkSj gh cuuk gSA* & tktZ ds dgkA

^vjs! vkSj gh ls D;k eryc gS rqEgkjk!* pkpk us iwNkA

^;g ns[kks] eq>s ,slk dqN cuuk gSA ,slk dke djuk gSA*

vkSj fiQj tktZ us mu yksxksa dks ,d pht fn[kkbZA ydM+h ds ,d fpdus ifV;s ij xqykc dk iQwy cuk;k Fkk] ydM+hrjk'k dj] tktZ us cgqr fnuksa rd ml ij esgur dh gksxhA ml lqanj] uktqd uiQhl uDdk'kh dks ns[kdj ,aMh pkpk cM+s[kq'k gks x;sA mUgsa fo'okl gks x;k fd lpeqp ;g yM+dk vkSjksa ls fujkyk gSA mUgksaus tktZ ls dgk] ^rqe pkgks tks dqN cuks]^dksbZ cM+s* vo'; cuksxsA*

tktZ dk Ldwy ekfj;k cqvk ds ?kj ds fcYdqy ikl gh Fkk blfy, cqvk dks ?kj ds dke esa enn djuk tktZ ds fy,vc vklku gks x;k FkkA chp dh NqV~Vh esa ?kj vkdj tktZ ,dk/ dke fucVk ldrk FkkA

mu fnuksa mlus D;k ugha fd;k! fdlh ds ?kj vkaxu dh liQkbZ rks fdlh ds cxhps dh ns[kHkky dhA dgha pwYgs ds fy,ydM+h rksM+dj nh] rks fdlh ds ;gka diM+s /ks,A tks feyk ogh dke] tks dqN ik;k mlh nke esa!

;s lu 1870 ls 1880 ds chp dh ?kVuk,a gSaA mu fnuksa uhxzks cPpksa dks fdlh dh enn ulhc ugha gksrh FkhA fdrkcsard ugha feyrh Fkha vkSj [kjhnuk cM+k gh eqf'dy dke FkkA fdrkcsa [kjhnuk tktZ ds cl dh ckr ugha FkhA fdrkcksa ds fy,mls ges'kk nwljksa dh n;k ij fuHkZj jguk iM+rk Fkk vkSj fiQj bl dtZ dks pqdkus ds fy, dke Hkh djuk iM+rkA dHkh fdlhds vkaxu dh liQkbZ rks fdlh ds ?kj ij ydM+h dkVhA

fnu ,sls gh chr jgs FksA usvks'kh ds Ldwy esa ftruh i

ekal dh djkjh egd ls lkjk jlksbZ?kj Hkj mBk FkkA cspkjk tktZ! ,d rks Hkw[ks isV! ml ij bruk yack iSny liQjA djkjslsads ekal dh egd ls mldh Hkw[k vkis ls ckgj gksus yxhA bruk lk yM+dk] cM+h eqf'dy ls mlus vius vki dks laHkkyk]eu dks le>k;kA vxj dqN dj fn[kkuk gS rks ;gh ,d ekSdk gSA 'kk;n jgus [kkus dk izca/ gks tk,A mlus isu pkph dsfn, gq, lkeku ls [kkuk cuk;kA isu pkph dks [kkuk ilan vk;k vkSj tktZ ds dke djus dk lkiQ lqFkjk

iQksVZ LdkWV dk okbYMj gkml bykdk cM+h pgy&igy okyk fgLlk FkkA ogka dke&/a/s okyksa dh HkhM+ yxh jgrh FkhAdUlkl ls lIrkg esa rhu ckj vkus okyh xkfM+;ka Hkh ogka jQdrh FkhaA ;kf=k;ksa dh HkhM+] etnwjks ds Bsdsnkj vkSj tkuojksa dsO;kikfj;ksa dk vM~MkA blhfy, tktZ dks bl foHkkx esa dke feyus dh xqatkb'k FkhA tktZ us ogka ,d /ksch dh nqdku 'kq:dhA ,d gksVy dh vkM+ esa Vijs esa viuk Msjk tek;kA eqlkfiQjksa dks /wy vkSj ilhus ls xans diM+s lkiQ&lqFkjs vkSj bL=khdjds feyus yxsA bl lgwfy;r ls eqlkfiQj [kq'k gks tkrs vkSj tktZ Hkh viuk [kpkZ fuHkkus yk;d iSls dek ysrkA bl/ksch dh nqdku ds dkj.k gksVy dk Hkh uke gksus yxkA vr% gksVy ds ekfyd us tktZ dks cjkens esa txg ns nhA

gksVy dh egjkftu tktZ ds fy, dke krkA

Ldwy esa ,d ckj f'kf{kdk Hkwxksy i

tktZ vc fp=kdyk lh[kus yxkA ml lky dk fØlel cM+k vPNk chrkA Jherh ykax us tktZ dks okVj dyj dh iwjhckDl buke nh FkhA

rhu lky chr x;sA tktZ vc izxfr ds iFk ij FkkA xehZ dh NqfV~V;kaa 'kq: gqbZaA

okbZYMj gkml ds ;kf=k;ksa dh vkilh ckrphr ls tktZ dks nwljs bykdksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh feyhA mlds eu esa viuhgh /jrh ds fofHkUu :i ns[kus dh bPNk tkx mBhA nwljs izns'k ns[kus dh ;g pkg mls cspSu djus yxhA og lksprk] ^bZ'ojdh cuk;h bl /jrh dk gj :i ns[kuk gksxk] rHkh rks vlyh ek;us esa bl l`f"V dh igpku gksxhA*

cl! vc fu.kZ; gks x;k FkkA

if'pe fn'kk esa ce cjlus okyh cjlkrA bu lc ;knksa ds lgkjs og ml dM+h /wi dk lkeuk djrkA fnu rirs Fks] ysfdu [kqys vkdk'krys jkrsa 'khry lqgkuh gqvk djrh FkhaA f[kyh gqbZ pkanuh lkjs nq[kksa dks feVk nsrhA Fkdku Hkxk nsrh] vkus okys fnu ls tw>usds fy, rS;kj dj nsrhA

bl Bsds ds dke dks iwjk djus ds ckn tktZ vkSj lqnwj if'pe dh ;k=kk ij py iM+kA

bl ;k=kk esa mls tks Hkh dke feyk og dke fd;k] viuh jksVh rks [kqn gh dekuh FkhA mlus ekyh dk dke fd;k] cks>qaM ds >qaM tek gksus yxsA muesa ls nks&pkj tuksa us feydj ,d cM+s vykodh rS;kjh dh] vkSj fiQj\ ogka ds dSn[kkus ls ,d uhxzks dSnh dks idM+ dj ys vk;sA yk;s Hkh rks dSls] ekjrs&ihVrsA vcyqgkj dh HkV~Vh ls vaxkjs ys tk;s x;s] vkx tyk;h x;h] vyko dh yiVsa nwj ls Hkh fn[kkbZ nsus yxhaA igys rks D;k gks jgkgS] ;g ckr tktZ dh le> esa ugha vk;h] ysfdu fiQj mls yxk fd dqN vuFkZ gksus okyk gSA lkal lw[kus yxh] tku xysrd vk x;hA

mQaph mBus okyh yiVksa ds mtkys esa ml uhxzks dSnh dh n;uh; eqnzk fn[k tkrh FkhA og ckj&ckj fourh dj jgk Fkk]jksrk&fcy[krk iSjksa iM+ jgk Fkk] izk.kksa dh Hkh[k ekax jgk Fkk vkSj os lc\ os lc mls vkx dh rjiQ /dsy jgs FksA og uhxzksdSnh vc tku cpkus dh vkf[kjh dksf'k'k dj jgk FkkA mldh og vlgk; NViVkgV nss[kdj os jk{kl gal jgs Fks] [kq'k gksjgs FksA vkSjrsa Hkh 'kkfey Fkha] vius NksVs cPpksa ds lkFk ysdj] da/ksa ij fcBkdj] ,fM+;ka mpdk dj cPpksa dks fn[kyk jghFkha! mUgsa Hkh rks ns[kuk pkfg,!

vkf[kj lcus feydj ml dSnh dks vkx esa iQsad gh fn;kA mlus tyrs vyko ls ckgj vkus dh dksf'k'k dh] fiQj ls/dsyk x;kA vkx dh yiVksa ds mtkys esa mldh djQ.k eqnzk ckj&ckj fn[k tkrhA ml psgjs dh djQ.kk tktZ dks varj rdrd rM+ik x;hA dkys jax dk eryc vkt le> esa vk;kA blls igys Hkh mls vius dkys jax dk vglkl Fkk] ysfdu mlusmlesa dksbZ fo"kerk vuqHko ugha dh FkhA iQwy ugha gksrs fHkUu jaxksa ds] iRrksa esa ugha gksrs vyx&vyx jax\ iQwy] iRrs] iaNh]lHkh esa gksrs gSa vusd jax oSls gh balkuksa esa] dqN dkys dqN xksjsA vkf[kj peM+s ds jax dk gh rks iQdZA

ysfdu ugha] ckr fliQZ bruh gh ugha gSA peM+h ds jax ds iQdZ dk vFkZ bruk ljy ugha gSA dqN vkSj gh gSA

ml uhxzks dSnh dh eekZUrd ph[kksa ls T;knk ml xksjs >qaM dh g"kksZUekn dh fpYykgV us tktZ ds efLr"d dks lqUu djfn;k! ekal tyus dh cw ls fepyh vkus yxhA

vc mldh le> esa lkjh ckr vk x;h FkhA ikSjQ"k vkSj Ñ".ko.kZ ;s nks ckrsa lkFk&lkFk ugha jg ldrhA ;fn fdlh usFkksM+k Hkh mQij mBuk pkgk rks ;g lekt mls e`R;q ds vykok vkSj dqN u nsxkA uhxzks ij gq;s vU;k; dh iSjoh dgka gks\U;k;ky; Hkh xksjksa ds] U;k;nsork Hkh mUgha dhA fdruh gh iqLrdksa }kjk] if=kdkvksa }kjk [kqys vke ;g ckr dgh tkrh Fkhfd ^uhxzks oa'k gh vyx gSA xksjksa dh vis{kk Ñ".ko.kZ rqPN gh gSA vkSj fdlh Hkh dher ij mls mlh fLFkfr (fuEu) esa j[kktkuk pkfg,A*

uhxzks ds fy, vkSjksa dh rjg Kku izkIr djuk] c

FkkA lseksj nEifRr ds dksbZ cky&cPpk ugha FkkA bl uhxzks dqVqEc esa tktZ dks cgqr I;kj vkSj eerk feyhA og dke esa gkFkcaVkrk] ?kj&vkaxu dh lkiQ&liQkbZ djrkA tktZ ds fy, le; csdkj xaokuk iki FkkA

tc lseksj ifjokj us fefu;kiksfyl esa tkus dk fu.kZ; fy;k rc os yksx tktZ dks Hkh vius lkFk ys x;sA ogka ijvf/d vPNs Ldwy FksA tktZ dh mPp 'kkys; f'k{kk dk izca/ gks x;k vkSj fiQj oks xkao Hkh rsth ls ckuh Fkh vkSj D;k irk\ 'kk;n eka okil vk ldh gks\ 'kk;n + + +

Y;wlh ekSlh rks tSls tktZ dk fny i

jkst jkr dks lksus ds fy, tktZ viuh eka dh dksBjh esa gh tkrkA mlus ml dksBjh dks >kM+&iksaNdj lkiQ dj pedkfn;k FkkA ogka ,d iqjkuk pj[kk Hkh Fkk tks dHkh mldh eka pykrh FkhaA tktZ us ml pj[ks dks Hkh lkiQ djds u;k cuk fy;kFkkA tktZ lksprk] ^bl pj[ks ls drs lwr ls eka us esjs diM+s cuk;s gksaxsA eka ds vfLrRo dh ,dek=k fu'kkuhA* + + +

tktZ us ekstsl pkpk dks ekfj;k cqvk vkSj ,aMh pkpk ds ckjs esa lc crk fn;k FkkA dSls mUgksaus vkljk fn;k Fkk] i

igys gh tktZ dh tcku lkFk ugha nsrh FkhA vc rks eaqg ls 'kCn fudyuk eqf'dy gks x;sA vius gh nLr[kr okys i=kdks os xyr dg jgs FksA tktZ dqN le> ugha ik;kA xyrh Fkh rks fdldh Fkh\

xyrh Fkh mlds jax dh] peM+h ds dkys jax dh! Ñ".ko.khZ uhxzks oa'k dh! tktZ us viuh ethZ ds lkFk fefu;kiksfylegkfo|ky; dk lfVZfiQdsV Hkh fn;k FkkA Ldwy }kjk mPprj Js.kh vkSj vPNs pky&pyu dk fo'okl fnyk;k x;k Fkk! ysfdu;g lc ,d uhxzks Nk=k ds ckjs esa FkkA vthZ nsus okyk Nk=k cqf¼eku vo'; Fkk] fdUrq og uhxzks gS bl ckr dk vè;{k egksn;dks dSls irk pyrk!

tktZ ds fny dk rwiQku vc vka[kksa esa mrj vk;kA

vè;{k us vius cpko ds fy, dgk] ^vki uhxzks gSa] bl ckr dk bl vthZ esa dgha mYys[k ugha gSA blfy, + + +*

^ysfdu bl ckr dh dksbZ vko';drk Fkh ughaA* tktZ us dgkA

^eq>s dgrs gq, nq[k gksrk gS ysfdu uhxzks Nk=kksa dks ;gka izos'k ugha fn;k tkrkA ,slh vthZ Hkstus okys vki igys Nk=k gSaA*

tktZ us vius dkxt lesVs] ckgj tkus ds fy, njokts dh rjiQ pykA vè;{k egksn; ls jgk ugha x;kA mUgksaus mls iqdkjdj dgk] ^eq>s ,d ckr crkb;sA vU; uhxzks Nk=kksa dh vis{kk vkius dkiQh is dkyst esa f'k{kk ysuh gh gS] D;ksafd tks dke djus dk eSaus fu'p;fd;k gS mlds fy, eq>s viuh rjiQ ls rS;kjh djuh gh gksxhA*

VwVs fny ld tktZ iwjs 'kgj esa ?kwekA gj dgha Nk=k thou dh xgjh Nki FkhA mRlkgh ;qod] fdrkcksa dh nqdkusa] gksVsy]jsfMesM diM+ksa dh nqdkusa!

okil xkao tkuk rks vc laHko gh ugha FkkA tc fo'ofo|ky; ls i=k vk;k Fkk rc vkl&iM+ksl ds lkjs ifjfprksa dks fn[kk;kFkkA os yksx Hkh rks fdrus [kq'k gq, FksA usV nknk us rks gj vkus&tkus okys dks viuh cqyan vkokt esa tktZ dh ;'kksxkFkk lqukbZFkhA Y;wlh ekSlh us lkjh rS;kfj;ka dh FkhaA gksVy vkSj usV nknk dh nqdku ls dek, gq, lkjs iSls rks [kpZ gks x, Fks dkystdh rS;kjh esaA vc ikl esa iQwVh dkSM+h Hkh ugha FkhA fiQj ls daxky gks x;k Fkk tktZA D;k dHkh NqVdkjk gksxk bl pØ ls\fiQj dke *A

fdruh gh eqlhcrksa dk lkeuk djrs gq, tktZ vkxs c

xk;s tkus yxs rc mls eu esa fdruh gh iqjkuh ;knsa tkx mBhaA dkoZj ifjokj dh 'kke dh izkFkZuk ;kn gh vk;h vkSj vutkusgh tktZ us Hkh xkuk 'kq: dj fn;kA FkksM+h nsj ckn ik;k] gj dksbZ mlh dh vksj ns[k jgk gSA rc mls vglkl gqvk] vjs!vkSj rks dksbZ Hkh ugha xk jgk gS] fliQZ osnh ds ikl cSBk gqvk xk;d ny gh xk jgk gSA tktZ us ,dne >saidj xkuk candj fn;kA ikl cSBh gqbZ o`¼k us dgk] ^xkvks csVs! bZ'oj us rqEgsa lqjksa dh nkSyr nh gS] fdruh ehBh vkokt gS + + + pqi D;ksagks x;s\ xkvks!* tktZ us mldh rjiQ eqLdjkdj ns[kk] fiQj Hkh pqi gh jgkA

var esa tc lkewfgd xkuk 'kq: gqvk rc mlus Hkh viuk lqj feyk;kA lkjs ppZ esa mldk 'kq¼ lqj xwat mBkA izkFkZuk dsckn lcus mls ljkgkA

iknjh ckck us mldh iwNrkN dh vkSj mlds fy, dke Hkh tqVk fn;kA fdrus gh yksxksa ls igpku gqbZ vkSj fiQj dkeHkh feyus yxsA fiQj rks og fu;fer :i ls ppZ tkus yxkA xkus ds vafre pj.k esa lqj feykrs le; mls ,d vuwBk vuqHkogksrkA laxhr ls vo.kZuh; vkuan feyrk Fkk mlsA

'kqY> gksVy esa dke djrs le; vpkud ,d fnu ,d xksjs lkgc mlls feyus vk,A tktZ tYnh ls gkFk /ksdj jlksbZ?kjls ckgj vk;kA vk, gq, lTtu dks ns[kdj og lksp esa iM+ x;k] ^bUgsa rks eSa tkurk ugha] eq>ls D;ksa feyus vk;s gSa\*

vkus okys us dgk] ^eSa feygkySaM gwaA iknjh ckck us dgk] rqe ;gka ij dke djrs gks] blhfy, feyus pyk vk;kA*

^/U;okn! ysfdu ;g rks gksVy dk jlksbZ?kj gS + + + vki tSls yksxksa ds vkus yk;d ;g txg ugha gSA* tktZ us ladkspls dgkA

^vjs ugha! eSa ;gka ij vk x;k rks D;k gqvk\ eq>s vkSj esjh iRuh dks ,slk eglwl gqvk fd rqe ;gka fcYdqy vdsys gks]dHkh fdlh 'kke dks ?kj ij cqykus ds fy, vk;k gwaA*

^vksg! ++ + +* tktZ cspkjk dks dqN lw> ugha jgk FkkA igyh ckj dksbZ mlls bl rjg dh ckr dj jgk FkkA ?kj vkus dkfuea=k.k ns jgk FkkA ,sls le; D;k dguk pkfg,] og tktZ ugha tkurk FkkA

fiQj Jh feygkySaM gh cksys] ^esjh iRuh ppZ ds xk;d ny dh izeq[k gSaA mlus fons'k tkdj laxhr dh f'k{kk ik;h gSAvkokt dh ij[k gS mlsA*

^rks fiQj ++ + + eSa + + +* tktZ ds fy, vc lh/h ckr Hkh eqf'dy gks x;h FkhA

^vkSj gka] esjh iRuh dk dguk gS fd rqEgkjh vkokt cgqr vPNh gSA*

^vksgks! ;g vki D;k dg jgs gS\ esjh le> esa ugha vk jgk gSA eSa rks fdrus gh lkyksa ls cksy Hkh ugha ikrk FkkA*

^,slh vthc ckr gS\ rc rks rqEgkjh vkSj Hkh ljkguk djuh gksxhA cksyks] dc vkvksxs ?kj ij\*

fiQj feygkySaM ds ?kj tkus dk fnu r; gqvkA muds tkus ds ckn Hkh tktZ fdruh gh nsj rd mUgha ds fopkjksa esa [kks;kjgkA fons'kksa esa f'k{kk ikus okys yksx] vehj rks gksaxs gh! vkSj fiQj Hkh eq> tSls xjhc dks ?kj ij cqykrs gSa] vthc ckr gSAvkSj fiQj esjh vkokt dks Hkh ljkgrs gSa] deky gSA

vkt Jh feygkySaM ds ?kj tkuk gSA eu gh eu fdruh ckj nksgjk;k gksxk tktZ usA pjch vkSj LVkso dh dkfy[k feykdjtwrs pedk;sA diM+s /ksdj] bL=kh djds rS;kj fd;sA gkFkksa dks ckj&ckj /ks;kA igyh ckj tktZ us [kqn dh rjiQ è;ku fn;kFkkA rS;kj gksdj tc og feygkySaM ds ?kj dh vksj py iM+k] rc eu esa ,d vthc mRdaBk Fkh] D;k irk dSls yksx gksa\

muds ?kj ds ikl gh ,d >kM+h ij ,d uUgk lk iQwy fn[kkbZ fn;k tSls tktZ dh jkg ns[k jgk FkkA tktZ us gYds gkFkls mls rksM+k vkSj vius dksV ij Vkad fy;kA

njokts ij gh Jh feygkySaM tktZ ds Lokxr ds fy, rS;kj [kM+s FksA tktZ dks cSBd essa fcBkdj viuh iRuh dks cqykus?kj ds vanj x;sA

cSBd dk dejk bruk lknk Fkk fd tktZ dks FkksM+h fujk'kk gh gqbZA vU; vehj yksxksa dh rjg ugha fn[krs ;s yksxA ugharks vkSj vehjksa ds ?kjksa dh ltkoV] cki js! dSlk izn'kZu jgrk gS vehjh dk! vkSj ;g cSBd rks ,dne [kkyh&[kkyh lh+

+ + + ugha! ,dne [kkyh rks ugha] ;g D;k gS\ vksg! + + + rks ,slk gksrk gS fi;kuks + + + vc rd rks fliQZ rLohjksa esa ns[kk + ++ + + fi;kuks ns[kdj tktZ ls jgk ugha x;kA gYds ikao tk igqapk fi;kuks ds iklA /hjs ls Nwdj ns[kk] mlh yach&yach maxfy;kapyus yxhsa fi;kuks dh ifV~V;ksa ijA fdlh dh vkgV gqbZ rks pkSaddj nwj gVus yxk] rHkh ,d ehBh vkokt lquh] ^ctkrs jgksArqEgkjh maxfy;ka] rqEgkjs gkFk Hkh rqEgkjh vkokt dh gh rjg gSa] vlyh dykdkj gks rqe! + + + * Jherh feygkySaM dg jghFkhaA tktZ us Jherh feygkySaM dh rjiQ ns[kk] lkspk] vjs! ;s rks fcYdqy Hkh vehj efgykvksa dh rjg ugha fn[krhaA budhckrsa Hkh dSlh ehBh gSa] [kudrs laxhr dh rjg!

Jherh feygkySaM us tktZ dks dqlhZ ij fcBk;k vkSj cksyha] ns[kks vc eSa bls ctkdj fn[kkrh gwaA mudh maxfy;ka fi;kuksij pyus yxhsaA laxhr dh ygj meM+ iM+h] lqjksa ds izokg esa lkjk okrkoj.k Mwcus yxkA tktZ dks D;k dqN ;kn vkus yxk]mlds NksVs nksLr] vkstkdZ dh igkfM+;ka] usvks'kks ds ;k;xj lkgc] mudk cxhpk] mudh ckrsa mlds dkuksa esa xwatus yxha] ^lkjh/jrh bZ'oj gS + + + * tktZ dk eu tkus dSlk gks vk;kA dgha dqN [kks;k gS] dgha dqN gkjk gS] ,slh ,d vukfed osnuk mHkjvk;h mlds ân; esa + + + mls viuh gh Hkkoukvksa dh rhozrk us >d>ksj fn;kA xyk Hkj vk;kA vc vkSj laHkkyuk] vius vkidkslaHkkyuk mlds cl esa ugha jgkA nksuksa gkFkksa esa eqag fNik fy;k fiQj Hkh vkalw fNis ugha] cg pysA lUukVk Nk x;kA

Jherh feygkySaM mBdj tktZ ds ikl vk;ha] mlds da/s ij gkFk j[kdj cksyha] ^eq>s ekiQ dj nsuk] nksLr!*

cM+h eqf'dy ls tktZ cksy ik;k] ^og laxhr bruk laqnj Fkk] bruk lqanj fd + + +* vkSj dqN dguk laHko ugha FkkA

^eSaus le> yh rqEgkjh ckrA eq>s bl ckr dks igys gh lksp ysuk pkfg, FkkA*

tktZ le> x;kA fiQj ,d ckj og ^viuksa* ds chp vk x;k gSA eu dh fujk'kk nwj gqbZ] vka[kksa esa ped vk x;hA mRlkgdh ygj nkSM+ x;h ru&eu esaA

ml 'kke tktZ us feygkySaM nEifRr dks viuh iwjh dgkuh lquk;hA gk;ySaM fo'ofo|ky; esa dSls udkjk Fkk ;g lquk;kAviuh dkyst f'k{kk ikus dh bPNk Hkh tkfgj dhA vkt rd mlus fdlh ls Hkh vius eu dh ckr bl rjg ugha dgh FkhA'kk;n vkt rd dksbZ xkSj ls lquus okyk lgkuqHkwfr n'kkZus okyk feyk gh ugha FkkA dkyst f'k{kk ds ckjs esa tks cu iM+sxk ogdjus dk vk'oklu bu nksuksa us fn;kA vxyh ckj vkrs le; viuh isafVXl ykus dk oknk djds tktZ okil tkus ds fy,fudyk rc Jherh feygkySaM cksyha] ^vius gkFkksa dqN vkSj Hkh dke gks lds] blfy, bZ'oj us iQqjlr nh gS ,slk le>ksAtc rd rqe ;gka ij gks esjs ikl laxhr lh[kus vk;k djksA*

[kq'kh ls ikxy gksdj tktZ us dgk] ^vksg! vo';!! blds cnys esa vkids ?kj ds lkeus ,d lqanj cxhpk rS;kj d:axkA*

r; gks x;kA tktZ dh ftanxh esa bl ckj olar vk;hA gksVy dh ukSdjh ds vfrfjDr feyus okyk gj {k.k gj iy mlusfeygkySaM ds cxhps esa yxk fn;kA tehu rS;kj djuk] ikS/s yxkuk] mudh ns[kHkky vkSj fiQj fi;kuks ij fj;ktA cl vkSjfdlh ckr dh xqatkb'k gh ugha FkhA

cxhpk lkdkj gqvk] mlds yxk, ikS/s cM+s gksus yxs] iQwy f[kyus yxs vkSj mldk gkFk Hkh vc fi;kuks ij l/ x;k] laxhrxwatus yxkA esgur ds urhts lkeus FksA Jherh feygkySaM us tSlk lkspk Fkk oSlk gh Nk=k Fkk tktZA gj ckr cM+h tYnh vkRelkrdjus okykA tktZ dh cuk;h ,d okVj dyj dh isafVax cSBd esa lt jgh FkhA ?kj ij vkus okys ifjfpr ml fp=k dh iz'kalkdjrsA ppZ esa xkus okys uhxzks yM+ds us og cuk;h gS bl ckr dk fo'okl gh ugha gksrk mUgsaA

jkst 'kke dks tktZ feygkySaM ds ?kj tkrk] mUgsa viuh fnuHkj dh dke&dkth dgkuh lqukrkA ml le; Jherh feygkySaMvius nksuksa cPpksa dks Hkh ogka cqykrha vkSj tktZ dh dgkuh lquokrha vkSj fiQj vius cPpksa ls iwNrha] blls vk/k dke Hkhdj ikvksxs rqe yksx\

feygkySaM ifjokj ds fdrus gh dke tktZ vius dq'ky gkFkksa ls fucVkrk FkkA mldh dq'kyrk ns[kdj vkliM+ksl ds ?kjksals Hkh mls dke feyrk FkkA ,d ckj tktZ dks dke lkSai fn;k rks og iwjk gks gh x;k le>ks ,slh rkjhiQ Fkh tktZ ds dkedhA

feygkySaM dh ,d iM+kslu Fkha Jherh jkfcalA tktZ dks dke ls iQqjlr feyrs gh cqukbZ ds u;s&u;s cukrk FkkA mlds

ikl ,sls uewuksa dk vPNk [kklk laxzg gks x;k FkkA Jherh jkfcal us tktZ ls iwNk] ̂ rqe D;k djksxs] brus lkjs uewus tek djds\*tktZ dk mRrj Fkk] ^eSa tc okil vius xkao tkmQaaxk rc vius xkaookyksa dks fl[kkmQaxkA*

tktZ ds eu esa cpiu ls ,d ckr xgjh cSB x;h Fkh fd vius nks gkFkksa ls djus yk;d gj dke og lh[ks vkSj mlesaekfgj gksA

feygkySaM ifjokj esa tktZ us cgqr I;kj vkSj eerk ik;hA tktZ lksprk Fkk fd tc rd bl nqfu;k esa feygkySaM tSls yksxgSa rc rd eq> tSlksa dks lgkjk feyrk jgsxkA bl fo'okl ls mls vius ekxZ ij vkxs c esa ugha vk jgk FkkA Msu ,dVdns[k jgk Fkk tktZ dh rjiQA tktZ dk og izek.kc¼ eLrd] mRlqd psgjk] xaHkhj iSuh vka[ksaA Msu us lkspk] ^;g lh/k lknkekeyk ugha] fujkyh ckr gSA*

mlus tktZ ls dgk] ^;s yksx dg jgs gSa] rqe dkyst esa is rks mlds ckjs esa dqN ugha ekyweA D;k eq>s ogka izos'k feysxk\ rqEgkjh D;k jk; gS\*tktZ us iwNkA

^vjs! /hjs! HkbZ /hjs! ,d lkFk fdrus loky\ gka! rks lquks] ;g dkyst gS vk;ksok LVsV ds bafM;kuksyk esaA fc'ki eWF;wflEilu us ;g dkyst 'kq: fd;kA vczkge fyadu dk lkFk fuHkkus okys flEilu viuh iwjh ftanxh xqykeh ls yM+rs jgsAbl dkyst dks cukus esa mUgksaus viuk loZL; yxk fn;k FkkA ,sls dkyst esa rqEgsa izos'k fey ds gh jgsxkA eSa Hkh ogha ij i

tktZ Hkh lqu jgk Fkk vkSj lksp jgk FkkA ^'kk;n ;gh ckr lgh gSA*

feygkySaM ifjokj dks NksM+dj tkrs le; cgqr nq[k gqvkA ,slk I;kj vc dgka\ Hkjs&iqjs ifjokj dh Nk;k ls fudy djfiQj vdsys jkg rg djuh FkhA vlqjf{kr] vfuf'pr jkgA D;k irk fiQj gk;ySaM fo'ofo|ky; tSlh fujk'kk gh gkFk yxsAysfdu bl ckj eu dks vPNs ls le>k fy;k Fkk mlusA

rhl ehy yach jkg dkVdj og flEilu dkyst igqapkA lkFk esa Fkh mldh iz[kj xjhch vkSj iz[kj KkufiiklkA

gj u;k fnu vc vkl txkusokyk FkkA dkyst 'kq: gksus ds nks fnu igys gh og bafMvkuksyk tk igqapk FkkA bl ckj dkystds nkf[kys esa dksbZ vM+pu ugha vk;hA gksLVsy esa jgus dk izca/ Hkh gks x;kA vc rks fliQZ [kkus&ihus ds xqtkjs dk cankscLrdjuk FkkA

igys dqN fnu rks og NksVs&eksVs dke

rhu lky rd tktZ us Jherh cM ds ikl fp=kdyk dh f'k{kk ik;hA ml le; tktZ dh cukbZ rLohjsa ^vkn'kZ* ds :iesa fo|fFkZ;ksa dks fn[kkbZ tkrh FkhaA (bl rhu o"kZ ds dky esa tktZ us tks vkWby isafVXl cuk;ha muesa ls 27 fp=k ^dkoZj vkVZdysD'ku* esa j[kh gqbZ gSaA)

fp=kdyk ds lkFk&lkFk laxhr dh lk/uk Hkh tkjh FkhA dkyst ds fdrus gh laxhr ds dk;ZØeksa esa tktZ dh cM+h iz'kalkgksrhA tktZ dks bl iz'kalk ls ftruk vkuan feyrk mlls T;knk larks"k mls bl ckr dk gksrk fd og viuh gVhyh tckudks dkcw esa j[k ldrk FkkA 'kq¼ mPpkj.k dj ldrk FkkA

fp=kdyk esa izoh.k gksus ls tktZ dks larks"k ugha gks jgk FkkA ckj&ckj mldk eu dldrk Fkk fd dgha dqN deh jg x;hgSA ;g iQwyksa iRrksa ds fp=k mrkjuk rks vafre è;s; ugha gSA ;g rks fliQZ lR; dk vkHkkl gSA rks fiQj lR; D;k gS\ lthol`f"V\

nwljs lky ls tktZ viuk vf/dka'k le; iz;ksx'kkyk esa fcrkus yxkA

dqN gh le; esa flEilu dkyst dh i

cuk jgkA

iwjh jkr tkxdj tktZ us lkjk iQuhZpj vkSj njokts dh pkS[kV ij jax pqdko ugha Fkk vkSj uhxzks gksus ds dkj.k iQkSth vf/dkjh rks og dHkh cu gh ugha ldrk FkkA ysfdu mlds eu esaiQkSth onhZ vkSj cSaM] ekpZikLV lcds fy, cgqr vkd"kZ.k FkkA blh vkd"kZ.k ds dkj.k mlus lSfud f'k{kk foHkkx esa ukefy[kok;k FkkA

brus lkyksa ls /ksch dke djus ds dkj.k tktZ ds da/s >qd x;s FksA ijsM ds le; dekaMj ml ij fp

izkè;kid cM tktZ dh fp=kdyk dh cM+h iz'kalk djrsA tktZ ds fp=kdyk esa fuiq.k gksus dh ckr Jh foYlu rd igqaphAJh foYlu lksp esa iM+ x;s fd ;g bruk gksugkj yM+dk fp=kdyk NksM+dj Ñf"k 'kkL=k ds ihNs D;ksa iM+k gS\

vkf[kj muls ugha jgk x;k] mUgksaus tktZ ls iwN gh fy;k] ^dqN fnuksa ds fy, i

esaA

tktZ dgus yxk] ^lj] nsf[k, ;s yM+ds ekurs gh ugha] vHkh bl oDr eq>s dkyst ds cxhps esa tkuk pkfg, FkkA*

^rks fiQj\* izks + foYlu us mls xkSj ls ns[krs gq, dgkA

^vkSj vkt rks eSaus izks + cM ds ?kj vkaxu dh liQkbZ djus dk oknk fd;k gSA* fiQj tktZ dh f'kdk;r 'kq: gqbZ ysfduizks + foYlu us dqN è;ku gh ugha fn;k] dgk] ^vkt rqe lhMj jSfiM~l tk jgs gksA*

izkè;kid ds ;g dgus ij rkfy;ksa dh vkokt ls cjkenk xwat mBkA

^tktZ! ml izn'kZuh esaa vius dkyst dk izfrfuf/Ro djus ds fy, rqels cqByk;k ughaA izn'kZuh esa j[ks pkjksa fp=kksa us iqjLdkj thrs vkSj rks vkSj muesa ls ,d fp=k ^U;wesfDldks ds ;qDdk* ouLifr dk fp=k f'kdkxks esa gksus okyh oYMZ dksyafc;u ,Dliksth'ku ds fy, pquk x;kA f'kdkxks esa fo'ods jFkh&egkjfFk;ksa ds fp=k vk;s Fks ysfdu ogka Hkh bl nqyZHk ouLifr ds fp=k dks fo'ks"k lEeku feykA vk;ksok LVsV ds gjv[kckj esa fo'ks"k lEeku ikus okys bl fp=k vkSj fp=kdkj ds ckjs esa ys[k fy[ksA ysfdu tktZ rks fiQj Hkh tktZ gh FkkA mlsvpkud feys bl eku&lEeku ls T;knk [kq'kh izks + foYlu ds ?kj ds cjkens ds Lusg lEesyu ls feyhA

tktZ vius lgikfB;ksa ls cgqr vyx FkkA mldh fujkyh ftanxh] fujkyh gh vknrsaA fo|kFkhZ tc ehBh uhan lks;s gksrs] tktZdkyst ds cxhps esa igqap x;k gksrk ;k fiQj xkao ds ckgj dh >kfM+;ksa esa ouLifr;ksa dh [kkst esaA nwljksa dks iqLrdksa }kjk tksKku fey jgk Fkk mlls dgha T;knk Kku tktZ gkfly djrkA izÑfr lkfUuè; esa] izÑfr ds ekè;e lsA blhfy, ikfM+;ka esa ?kwerk fiQjrk] vius I;kjs NksVs nksLrksa ds lkFk]isM+&ikS/ksa ds lkFkA

,El xkao ds vklikl cgqr taxy >kfM+;ka FkhaA bu >kfM+;ka esa dbZ txgksa ij nyny Hkh FkkA dgha&dgha rks og bruk xgjkFkk fd iwjk vkneh /al tk;sA bl [krjukd nyny ds ckjs esa tktZ ges'kk fpafrr jgrkA vDlj izks + foYlu ls bl nynyds ckjs esa ppkZ djrkA tktZ us nyny dk bykt ikuh dh fudklh ds ckjs esa ,d ;kstuk Hkh rS;kj dh Fkh vkSj izks + foYludks crk;h FkhA

tktZ vDlj bu >kfM+;ksa esa ?kwerk] viuk eSXuhiQkbax Xykl] ,d tkyh vkSj ouLifr;ksa ds uewus tek djus dk >ksyk viusda/s ij yVdk;sA ,d ckj ,sls gh ?kwers le; mlus ,d NksVs yM+ds dks ogka nyny esa [ksyrs gq, ns[kkA ,slh txg ^[ksyus*dk [krjk tktZ tkurk Fkk blfy, mlus ml yM+ds dks ckgj fudyus ds fy, iqdkjk vkSj ogh gqvk tks ugha gksuk pkfg,FkkA og NksVk yM+dk dhpM+ esa fiQly dj fxj iM+kA

tktZ us nkSM+dj mls ckgj fudkyk vkSj vius :eky ls dhpM+ iksaNk] iwNk] ^csVs] rqeus mu NksVs yksxksa ds ?kj D;ksa rksM+s\*^?kj! eSaus rksM+s! dgka\ dkSu yksx\* NksVk yM+dk rks ,dne ckS[kyk x;k] mldh dqN le> esa gh ugha vk;kA fiQj tktZ usmls ml dhpM+ esa jgus okys izk.kh vkSj muds ?kj fn[kyk;sA

^vksg! lpeqp! burs fnu eSa buds ?kjksa ds NIij rksM+rk jgk!* bruk lk yM+dk] vka[ksa Hkj vk;ha] cM+k nq[k gqvk mlsA tktZ

us fiQj mls le>k;k vkSj Hkh fdruh gh ckrsa crk;haA dhpM+ esa vkSj dkSu&dkSu ls izk.kh jgrs gSa] ;g cryk;kA ,d pexknM+idM+dj mlds gkFk esa Fkek fn;k] og Hkh dSls nyny esa ?kj cukdj jgrk gS ;g le>k;k vkSj pexknM+ dks NksM+ fn;kANksVs yM+ds dh cM+h bPNk Fkh fd pexknM+ dks vius ikl j[ksA ysfdu ugha] tktZ us mls NksM+ fn;k vkSj lkFk esa ;g Hkhle>k;k fd bl rjg izkf.k;ksa dks idM+dj D;ksa ugha j[kuk pkfg,A NksVk yM+dk vc cM+k [kq'k gks x;k Fkk] [kqy x;k FkktktZ ls] ets ls xi'ki dj jgk FkkA tktZ us mldk uke iwNk] ^gsujh oSysl!* vkxs pydj vesfjdk dk mijk"Vªifr in dh'kku cus yxk Fkk] jQfp ys jgk FkkA ouLifr txr dh fdruh gh ckras tkux;k FkkA ikS/ksa ij dye djuk lh[k x;k FkkA

;g nksLrh lkyksa&lky pyhA tktZ ds vk[kjh fnuksa rdA ,d v/Z'krdA tktZ vkSj gsujh ds chp i=k O;ogkj pyrk jgkAgsujh ges'kk tktZ ls lykg ysrsA feMosLV dk oSysl iQkeZ blh gsujh ds dk;Z dkS'ky dk izrhd gSA mldh izsj.kk Fks tktZA

vkxs pydj vesfjdh Ñf"k foHkkx ds in ij vkSj fiQj mijk"Vªifr in ij jgus okys gsujh oSysl us tktZ dkoZj ds dk;ksZadk xkSjo djrs gq, viuh yM+diu dh ;knsa cryk;h FkhaA

^eSa tktZ ls izÑfr ds peRdkjksa ds ckjs esa ,sls lqurk Fkk tSls dksbZ ijhdFkk lqu jgk gwa] mlh mRlqdrk ds lkFk mUgksauseq>s izÑfr dks ns[kus dh u;h n`f"V iznku dhA cpiu esa tks ckrsa os eq>s fn[kykrs Fks] mu lc ckrksa dks ml mej esa eSa 'kk;nBhd ls le> ugha ikrk FkkA ysfdu ,d ckr fuf'pr Fkh] og ;g fd eq> tSls NksVs cPps ij mudk tks fo'okl Fkk] Kkudk HkaMkj yqVk;k Fkk] mlls eSa cgqr gh izHkkfor gqvk FkkA*

dkyst ds dqN yM+ds ges'kk tktZ dh ryk'k esa jgrs vkSj tktZ us Hkh mu yksxksa dks dHkh fujk'k ugha fd;kA

ckr ,slh FkhA

gksLVy ds cjkens esa ls tkrs gq, tktZ us ,d dejs ls djkgus dh vkokt lquh] vanj >kaddj ns[kkA ,d Nk=k vlguh;osnuk ls rM+i jgk FkkA iQqVcky f[kykM+h Fkk [ksyrs le; iSj esa eksp vk x;h FkhA tktZ us mls vkSa/s eqag fyVk;k] fiQj gYdsgkFkksa ls iSj esa ekfy'k 'kq: dhA FkksM+h nsj esa djkgus okyk vkjke ls lks jgk Fkk] nnZ dk ukeksfu'kku ugha FkkA nwljs fnuf[kykfM+;ksa esa blh ckr dh ppkZ Fkh vkSj rc ls gh tktZ dkyst ds lc f[kykfM+;ksa dk ^vf/Ñr* ekfy'kokyk cu x;k FkkA

dkyst ds f[kykM+h tktZ dh iz'kalk djrs ugha FkdrsA dgrs] ^tktZ dh maxfy;ksa esa tknw gSA mldh maxfy;ksa us Nqvk vkSjcl] nnZ xk;c!*

tktZ us ,d ckj O;k;ke izf'k{kd ls ekfy'k ds fy, fn;s tkus okys rsy dh f'kdk;r dhA rsy cgqr xk

gypy epk nhA iqjkus nksLrksa dh ;knksa esa [kks x;k tktZA mldh liQyrk dk xq.kxku djusokyk bl nqfu;k esa dksbZ gS blvuqHkwfr ls gh mls bruk vkuan feyk] bruh [kq'kh feyh fd cl! mlus xqynLrs ls ,d NksVk lk lqanj lk iQwy pquk vkSjvius dksV ij Vkad fy;kA blds ckn ges'kk muds dksV ij ,d NksVk lk iQwy vo'; gksrk] bl fnu dh ;knxkjA Lusg vkSjizse dh ;knxkj!!

cM+h yach nwjh r; djds igqapk Fkk tktZ bl eqdke ij\ mlus foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh fdruk dqN gkfly fd;k FkkAmlds pkj fp=k 1893 dh oYMZ dksyafc;u ,Dliksth'ku ds fy, pqus x, FksA mls vk;ksok LVsV dkyst dk cqf¼eku Nk=kekuk tkrk FkkA mls ^;qukbVsM LVsV~l vkWfiQllZ fjtoZ* dk igyk uhxzks viQlj cuus dk eku izkIr FkkA

lekjksg esa tc tktZ mikf/i=k ysus ds fy, eap dh vksj pyk rks lkjk okrkoj.k rkfy;ksa dh xM+xM+kgV ls xwat mBkA dkystds nksLrksa us gh ugha] ckdh yksxksa us tksj&'kksj ls vfHkuanu fd;kA vfHkuanu dh bl vHkwriwoZ o"kkZ ls tktZ dk eu ,dvo.kZuh; Hkkouk ls Hkj mBkA

lekjksg laiUu gksus ij og vius dejs esa vk;kA viuh eka ds ifo=k Lekjd pj[ks ds lkeus ?kqVuks ij cSB x;kA dk'k!de&ls&de vkt ds fnu rks eSa eka ls Lusgk'kh"k ik ldrkAA esjh bl mTtoy liQyrk ds ckn eSa eka ls 'kkcklh ik ldrkAdgka gksxh eka!!

fdruk vdsyk Fkk tktZ!

eka dh ;knksa esa fody tktZ fdruh gh nsj rd oSls gh cSBk jgk vdsyk] xqelqe lk lksprk gqvkA mldh bl liQyrkesa fdruksa dk ;ksxnku jgk FkkA ekfj;k cqvk] ekfVZu] Jherh feygkySaM] Jh foYluA lcus vius&vius rjhds ls enn dhFkhA tktZ ds O;fDrRo dks laokjk FkkA vkt bu lcdh cgqr ;kn vk jgh FkhA

lwjt Mwc jgk FkkA dejs esa va/sjk Nkus yxk FkkA ysfdu tktZ dks bl ckr dk gks'k ugha FkkA tktZ dks

ds 'kks/dk;ksZa dk lanHkZ fn;k FkkA xqjQtuksa ls ,slk fo'okl ikuk dksbZ vklku dke gS\ tktZ us bl eqdke rd igqapus ds fy,D;k dqN ugha fd;k\ lkjk vk;ksok jkT; Nku ekjkA ckx&cxhps] e'k:El dh iSnkb'k vkfn fo"k;ksa ij Hkk"k.k nsus ds fy,xkao&xkao ?kwekA bu Hkk"k.kksa esa mlus fdlkuksa ls ouLifr;ksa ds laHkkO; jksx vkSj muds izfrca/d mik;ksa ds ckjs esa ckrphr dhAMk;eaM xzkso dk og NksVk gdykrk cPpk vkt vius Kku dk ykHk vius fdlku Hkkb;ksa dks ns jgk FkkA

lu~ 1986 esa tktZ us ,xzhdYpj ,aM cSDVhfj;e ckWVuh esa ekLVj vkWiQ lkbal dh loksZPp mikf/ gkfly dhA

Lokra=;xzLr

lu~ 1865 ds fnlEcj eghus esa vesfjdk dh xqykeh dh izFkk u"V djus dh ?kks"k.kk dh x;hA uhxzks tkfr dh Lora=krk dksvf/Ñr :i ls ekU;rk nh x;hA

vkt rd tks yksx fliQZ fdlh ds vk/hu gh ft;s Fks] gqdqe lqurs vkSj mldh rkehy djrs&djrs gh ftudh ftanxh dVhFkhA dikl ds [ksrksa esa etnwjh djus okys] fliQZ ;gh dke tkuus okys cspkjs vukM+h xqyke Lora=krk dk vFkZ D;k le> ikrs\ftUgksaus

gksA

lu~ 1868 esa nf{k.k ds lkr jkT;ksa dks] vykckek] tkftZ;k] ÝyksfjMk vkfn lkr jkT;ksa dks fiQj ls la?k jkT; esa 'kkfeydj fy;k x;kA ÚhMeSU; C;wjks dk fo/s;d 14osa la'kks/u ds :i esa ekU; gqvkA

uhxzks vc ernkrk gq,A uhxzks yksxksa us erksa ds vf/dkj ls nf{k.k ds cgqr ls fo/ku eaMyksa esa egRoiw.kZ LFkku izkIr fd;sAmlh rjg mRrj ds xksjksa us cgqr ls fo/ku eaMyksa esa viuh fLFkfr lq/kjhA uhxzks vkSj mRrjh jkT;ksa ds xksjksa ds esy ds lkeusnf{k.k ds o.kZHksnh xksjksa vc detksj fl¼ gksus yxsA u;h 'kfDr dks jksdus ds fy, dksbZ Hkh mik; ugha ,slh fLFkfr esa nf{k.kds xkSjo dk yksxksa esa vc xSjdkuwuh gfFk;kj viukus 'kq: fd,A nf{k.k esa jkst fgalkpkj] vkxtuh] ywVekj dh okjnkrsa gksusyxhaA bl vkx esa >qyl jgk Fkk cspkj uhxzks lektA

blh le; vesfjdk ds loksZPp U;k;ky; us pkSnosa la'kks/u dk ,d u;k gh vFkZ fudkykA fliQZ iQsMsjy ljdkj vkSjiztktuksa ds vf/dkj rd gh ;g la'kks/u e;kZfnr j[kk x;kA nf{k.k esa Ldwy] ;krk;kr ds lk/u vkSj euksjatu ds LFkkuksa tSlhtxgksa ij o.kZHksn T;ksa dk R;ksa cuk jgkA ;gka rd fd iQsMjy ljdkj dh lsuk dh ukSdjh esa Hkh o.kZHksn pyrk FkkA dqyfeykdj pkSnosa la'kks/u dh izkfIr Fkh ek=k jktdh; lekurk] lkekftd lekurk ughaA ;|fi jktdh; {ks=k esa uhxzks fo/ku eaMydk lnL; cu ldrk Fkk] lekt ds ckdh lc {ks=kksa esa mls ?kksj mis{kk dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk FkkA og vc Hkh cfg"Ñrgh FkkA dbZ uhxzks izR;k'kh vius uhxzks cka/oksa ds erkf/dkj ds dkj.k] ys] xouZj vkfn inksa ij fuokZfpr gksrs fdUrq vof/lekIr gksus ij csdkj gks tkrs vkSj mUgsa etnwjh djuh iM+rhA D;ksafd nwljk dksbZ dke uhxzks yksx tkurs gh ugha FksA

Mk okf'kaxVu us mudh ^vi ÚkWe Lysojh* iqLrd esa ,d ,slk gh fdLlk c;ku fd;k gSA

Mk okf'kaxVu ,d ckj nf{k.k ds nkSjs ij FksA ,d Hkou fuekZ.k ds dke ij mUgksaus lquk%

^xouZj] tYnh bZaVs ykvksA*

nks&rhu ckj ;gh ckr lquhA mUgsa vpjt gqvkA lkFk okyksa ls iwNk] ckr D;k gS\ rc irk pyk] ^xouZj ,d uhxzks Fkk]fiNys pqukoksa esa thrk FkkA vof/ lekIr gksus ij fiQj ls bZaVs

izTtofyr fd;kA

VLdxh ukeZy ,aM baMfLVª;y bafLV~V;wV iQkWj uhxzkst ,d iqjkus VwVs&iQwVs ppZ esa Ldwy 'kq: gqvkA rhl dkys fo|kFkhZ] pkSnglky dh mej ls ysdj lkB lky rd ds] vkSj f'k{kd cqdj Vh okf'kaxVuA

ckrphr ds nkSjku ,d fo|kFkhZ us vius f'k{kd dks crk;k fd og vykckek esa dSls vk;kA bl fo|kFkhZ dk tUe oftZfu;kesa gqvk FkkA lu~ 1845 esa] vykckek esa fcdk FkkA Jh okf'kaxVu us iwNk] ^fdrus Fks rqe yksx\*

mRrj feyk] ^ikap tu] eSa] esjk HkkbZ vkSj rhu [kPpjA*

vKku ds cM+s Hk;adj cks> rys nck gqvk ;g uhxzks lekt Lora=krk ds lgh vFkZ dks le>us dh fLFkfr esa gh ugha FkkAu gh mls lh/k&lk/k lgt thou thuk vkrk FkkA mUgsa ;g fl[kkuk vko';d FkkA lekt dks ,slh fLFkfr ls mckjus dhftEesnkjh i

Ldwy esa rS;kj gksus okyk eky cktkjksa rd igqapkus ds fy, fdlh lk/u dh t:jr eglwl gksus yxhA Bsyksa ls dke pyldrk Fkk] ysfdu mUgsa [kjhnus ds fy, Ldwy ds ikl iSls ugha FksA vr% Jh okf'kaVu us Ldwy esa gh Bsys cukus dk iz;ksxfd;kA vc rks ckdh lkeku ds lkFk&lkFk Bsyksa dh Hkh ekax gksus yxhA

vc rd dh lkjh ftanxh xqykeh esa fcrk;s gq, ,d xqyke ds ikl pkdw] Nqfj;ka cukus dk gquj FkkA mlus fo|kfFkZ;ksa dksviuk dyk fl[kk;hA Ylwbl ,MEl us /krq dh pknjksa ls phtsa cukuk lh[kkA Jh okf'kaVu dk HkkbZ tkWu Hkh gSEiVu baLVhV;wVdk Lukrd FkkA mlus Ldwy esa e/qeD[kh ikyu foHkkx 'kq: fd;k FkkA vc [kkus esa 'kgn Hkh feyus yxkA

esgur] 'kkjhfjd ifjJe ;gh ,d pht Fkh tks uhxzks dj ldrk FkkA ifjJe ds vk/kj ij gh mlds fy, viuk vfLrRocuk;s j[kuk laHko FkkA vxj xksjksa ls cjkcjh djuh gS rks igys viuk vfLrRo cuk, j[kuk vko';d FkkA leku vf/dkjikus ds fy, viuh ;ksX;rk c

iM+kA

mUgksaus vius fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fliQZ fdrkch f'k{kk u nsdj ,slh f'k{kk nh ftlls muds O;fDrRo dk fodkl gksA ckgjh nqfu;kesa Hkh flj mQapk djds thus dk vf/dkj feysA fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds eu esa ;g ckr cl x;h fd mUgsa lekt esa viuk LFkku cukukgSA ckgjh lekt esa viuh mis{kk vkSj vogsyuk u gks oju viuk Lrj cuk jgs ;g ckr fo|kfFkZ;ksa us f'k{kk ds lkFk&lkFkgh lh[khA vkSj Ldwyksa dh rjg vyx ls ;g ckrsa fl[kkus okys xksjs f'k{kd ;gka ugha FksA uhxzks ds fy, uhxzks yksxksa us pyk;kgqvk Ldwy Fkk ;gA

Ldwy es dke ds le; yM+dk ;k yM+dh ,slk Hksn ugha fd;k tkrkA Jh okf'kaVu us vius fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fliQZ fdrkchf'k{kk u nsdj] okLro thou esa vius Kku dk mi;ksx djus dh vknr fl[kk;h FkhA lkjh irs FksA iwjs ns'k esa gqbZ izfrfØ;k dk mUgsa vglkl FkkA [kjh dlkSVh dh csyk FkhA viuhrjiQ ls iwjh rS;kfj;ka djds gh os vVykaVk x;sA

lkjs ns'k esa mudss Hkk"k.k dk izHkko fn[kkbZ fn;kA uhxzks yksxksa dh fLFkfr] mudh leL;k,a lkjs lekt ds lkeus eq[kfjr gqbZAca/q&izse dk vkgoku fd;k x;kA blds ckn vusd txgksa ij Mk okf'kaVu ds Hkk"k.k gq,A ftUgsa uhxzks lekt ds fy, lgkuHkwfrFkh] tks mudh mRd"kZ] mfUur ds fy, Lo;a gh dqN djuk pkgrs Fks ,sls yksxksa us Mk okf'akxVu dh rjiQ enn dk gkFk c

cjkcj* vkSj dikl dks feyusokyk mQapk HkkoA ,sls nksgjs iQk;ns ds dkj.k nf{k.k ds xksjs fdlku ekynkj gks x;s FksA ?kj&?kjesa lksus ds flDdksa dh xwat FkhA dikl&lezkV fnu&c&fnu vehj gksrs tk jgs Fks vkSj uhxzks cspkjs [kRe gksrs tk jgs FksA mudhesgur ls dikl lkezkT; cksiM+h dh pkS[kV rd dikl ghcksrk FkkA bl ,d dikl ds ykyp ds dkj.k nf{k.k ds uhxzks dh gkyr cn ls cnrj gks x;h FkhA fliQZ dikl gh iSnk fd;ktkrk Fkk vr% vukt dh csgn deh gks tkrh FkhA vUu dk vHkko vkSj ml ij th&rksM+ esgur&etnwjhA bl dh otg lsuhxzks dh gkyr bruh cqjh gks x;h fd clA dikl lekzVksa dh ykyp dh vkap vc fliQZ uhxzks gh ugha xksjs fdlkuksa rdHkh igqapus yxh FkhA

dHkh tks le`¼ vkSj oSHko'kkyh Fkk ,slk vykckek esa vc cpk Fkk fliQZ mtM+k gqvk nfyr lekt vkSj cstku tehuA taxydVkbZ] yxkrkj dikl dh iSnkb'k ls fouk'k dk ekxZ Lo;a gh cu x;k Fkk vkSj lkjk vykckek rsth ls loZuk'k dh vksj c

dksbZ mik; ;kstuk u gks ldh rks vykckek dh tehu] ogka ds yksx] gj pht fouk'k dh vksj c

yx jgk Fkk fd muds ikl oakf'kd leL;k dk lek/ku gSA vc rks tktZ Hkh muds dk;Z esa lgHkkxh gksus tk jgk FkkA

vxys dbZ gÝrksa rd tktZ us bl fpV~Bh ds ckjs esa fdlh dks dqN Hkh ugha crk;kA eu esa iDdk fu'p; gks x;k FkkAvpkud pys tkus ls dkWyst ds dke esa dksbZ ck/k u vk;s blfy, tktZ us igys lkjs egRoiw.kZ dke iwjs fd,A mlds tkusds ckn vuqla/ku ds dk;Z esa dksbZ jQdkoV u vk;s blfy, vius lgk;dksa dks lkjs dke le>k fn;sA iwjs dke dk

deZHkwfe esa

vDrwcj ekg dh ,d lqcg tktZ dkoZj nf{k.k esa vykckek jkT; dh vksj tkusokyh jsyxkM+h esa cSBsA vutku vkSjvifjfpr Hkwfe dh vksj tkus ds fy,A

le`¼ izns'k ihNs NwV x;k FkkA vc rks tgka rd utj vk lds ogka rd dikl ds [ksr fn[kkbZ ns jgs FksA dgha gfj;kyhugha] fliQZ dikl ds [ksr] ,d liQsn jaxA dikl lkezkT; dh 'kqjQvkr gks x;h FkhA

[ksrksa esa dikl chuus dk dke py jgk FkkA gj txg dkys vkneh ;g dke djrs gq, fn[kkbZ ns jgs FksA izks dkoZj mnklgks mBsA mUgsa irk Fkk fd vc tks n`'; fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS] ogha vkxs Hkh fn[kus okyk gS vkSj iwjc&if'pe] nf{k.k dgha Hkhx;s] 1000 ehy rd x;s rks Hkh ;gh ,d n`'; fn[kk;h nsus okyk gSA

VLdxh xkao ds djhc ^psgk* LVs'ku ij os jsyxkM+h ls mrjsA 8 vDVwcj 1896A VLdxh Ldwy ds bl bykds dk lCtckx gksxkA FkksM+h rks gfj;kyh gksxh] NksVk&eksVk cxhpk gksxkA Ldwy dh iz;ksx'kkyk esa dke djrs&djrs ;gka ds fdlkuksa dh ]vius cka/oksa dh lsok d:axkA

VLdxh Ldwy ds fo|kFkhZ vius u;s f'k{kd dks ysus vk;s FksA izks dkoZj dk lkeku cX?kh ij ps bl oa'k esa D;ksa dj HkstrkA*

^VLdxh* dy rd bl uke ds mPpkj.k ls vk'oklu feyrk Fkk ysfdu vc Mwcrs lwjt dh lk{kh ls mUgsa lkeus fn[kkbZns jgh Fkh ,d pqukSrh fliQZ ,d pqukSrhA mudh ijh{kk dh ?kM+h FkhA ;gka ekuo vc eqfDr dh vksj c

^th gka! vkSj ^vc* cgqr dqN gksxk ,slk eq>s fo'okl gSA* Mk okf'kaxVu us lwfpr fd;kA

muds ^vc* dks le>rs gq, izks dkoZj us dgk] ^vkius rks cM+k gh xkSjo'kkyh dk;Z fd;k gSA bl dk;Z esa lg;ksx nsus dkvolj eq>s fey jgk gS] ;g esjk lEeku gSA*

^vkidks ;gka ij cgqr dqN djuk rks vHkh ckdh gSA*

^th! eSa tkurk gwaA ;gh djus ds fy, gh rks eSa ;gka vk;k gwaA* vk'oklu ds Loj esa izks dkoZj us mRrj fn;kA

^vkidks bl dk;Z esa liQyrk feyh rks lkjh nf{k.k vesfjdk loZuk'k ls cp tk;sxhA mldk Hkfo"; vc vki ij fuHkZjgSA*

^iz;ksx'kkyk dgka gS\* dkoZj us iwNkA

^iz;ksx'kkyk cukus ds fy, txg dh deh ugha] vkSj fiQj bZ'oj us vkidks rh{.k cqf¼ ns j[kh gSA* Mk okf'kaxVu us dgkA

^le> jgk gwaA gesa vc iz;ksx'kkyk ds cukus ls vkjEHk djuk gSA ;gh dguk gS u vkidkA* izks dkoZj dh bl ckr ijMk okf'kaxVu fny [kksydj gal iM+sA lkFk galus okyk tks fey x;k FkkA lkFkh tks fey x;k FkkA eu dh ckr le>us okyklkFk fuHkkusokykA

iz;ksx'kkyk ugha Fkh] u gh Fkk ouLifr m|ku! dgha dksbZ cxhpk] gfj;kyh] ikS/s] dqN Hkh ugha Fkk] ,slh txg vk, Fks izksdkoZj! tehu dh] [ksrh dh] ogka ds thou Lrj dh mUufr ds fy, mUgsa iz;Ru djus FksA vius dk;Z dh fn'kk fuf'pr djuhFkh ysfdu tYnh gh ,d ckr muds è;ku esa vk x;h] VLdxh Ldwy ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa Ñf"k fo"k; ,dne vfiz; FkkA 'kk;n[ksrh fdlkuh ls nwj Hkkxus ds fy, gh ;s Nk=k VLdxh vk, FksA mUgsa rks okf.kT;] dkjhxjh ;k ,slh gh dksbZ ekU;rk izkIrizfrf"Br dyk,a lh[kuk fiz; FkkA ^[ksrh\ og rks dksbZ ,sjk&xSjk Hkh dj ldrk FkkA* izks dkoZj le> x;s fd bu fo|kfFkZ;ksads eu esa Ñf"k fo|k ds fy, ;g tks vjQfp gS] mls nwj djuk gksxkA /jrh ekrk ds fy, ;g vukLFkk mis{kk nwj djuk ;ghvius dk;Z dh 'kqjQvkr gSA vè;kiu ds igys gh fnu mUgksaus vius fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls dgk%

^tks izÑfr ls I;kj djrk gS] mlls viukiu j[krk gS] ogh izÑfr dh ckrsa le> ldrk gSA ;qodksa! l`f"V dks ns[kks] vka[ksa[kksydj ns[kks] mldh lh[kksa ij è;ku nksA ,slk djus ls gy iy] gj {k.k Kkuof¼ gksxhA tks izÑfr ls laidZ j[krk gS] oghmlds jgL;ksa dks le> ldrk gSA vkids diM+s fdrus vPNs gSa ;k vkius cSad esa fdruk iSlk tek fd;k gS bu ckrksa dksliQyrk dk ekinaM eu cuk;ksA vki lekt dh fdruh vkSj dSlh lsok dj ldrs gS] bl ckr ij thou dh lkFkZdrk fuHkZjgSA*

fiQj iwjh Dykl ij viuh izlUu utj nkSM+krs gq, mUgksaus dgk] ^pyks] vkt ge yksx xkao tk,axsA vkt rd fdlh us ughafd;k gksxk] ,slk dke djsaxsA xkao esa ?kwedj] iQsadh gqbZ phtsa mBkdj ykuk gSA VwVs&iQwVs crZu] fpeuh] nh;s] fMCcs] cksry] tksdqN feys ykvksA ge yksx ,d iz;ksx'kkyk cuk;saxs vkSj mlds fy, midj.k ,sls tek fd, tkrs gSaA fiQj mUgksaus viuh isVhesa ls NksVs&NksVs midj.k fudkys] lcdks fn[kyk;sA

izksiQslj vkSj Nk=k ,d vthc dke ds ihNs ?kwe jgs FksA lkjk xkao ?kwedj ?kj&?kj ls csdkj le> dj iQsadh gqbZ ;k iQsadusds fy, lgsth gqbZ phtsa cVksj jgs FksA 'kke dks tc lc ykSVs rks tkus D;k&D;k tek dj ys vk, FksA izks dkoZj us ml VwVs&iQwVslkeku ds HkaMkj ds fy, Hkh vius Nk=kksa dks 'kkcklh nh vkSj dgk] ^tks dqN yk, gks mlesa ls dqN Hkh csdkj ugha] dqN lkekuvHkh mi;ksx us vk;sxk] dqN ckn esaA*

vkt Hkh vki VLdxh ds dkoZj E;wft;e esa tkdj ns[ksaxs] rks D;k ik;saxs\ ftu csdkj oLrqvksa dk mi;ksx djds vykckekdh izxfr ds dk;Z dk vkjaHk fd;k x;k Fkk] mu oLrqvksa dk laxzg vkt Hkh tru ls j[kk gqvk gSA feV~Vh ds rsyokyk iqjkukfn;k] mldh dkap ij ,d NksVk lk xksyk NksM+dj ckdh fgLls ij dkfy[k yxk dj! pk; dk duiQwVk di [kjd rks bhokjdh [kwaVh dh ewlyh! [kkyh Vhuksa ij yscy yxkdj muesa jklk;fud nzoA Vhu ds i=kksa esa dhyksa ls NksVs cM+s Nsn cukdjvyx&vyx vkdkj dh Nyfu;ka] mi;ksx\ feV~Vh Nkuus ds fy,!

Nk=k ,d ,slh iz;ksx'kkyk dk fuekZ.k gksrs gq, ns[k jgs FksA mUgsa viuh vka[kks ij fo'okl ugha gksrk FkkA csdkj le>h x;hphtsa ;gka fuekZ.k dk;Z esa tqV x;h FkhaA tks ,d ckj izksiQslj dkoZj dk Nk=k cuk og vkxs tgka dgha Hkh x;k] jQdk ugha lektlsok ds dk;Z esa] [ksrh fdlkuh ds fdlh Hkh dk;Z esa jQdk ugha] tks dqN lk/u miyC/ gq,] mUgha ls dke pykus esa mUgsadksbZ eqf'dy ugha vk;hA dsoy eagxs vkSj vk/qfud lk/uksa ls fodkl dk;Z gksrk gks] ,slh ckr ughaA lk/kj.k oLrqvksa lsvlk/kj.k liQyrk dSls izkIr gks ;g ckr ns[kks] tSls Hkh gks] vius HkkbZ;ksa dh Fkkyh vUu ls Hkjs bl ckr dk egRo le>ksAmuds Nk=k vius f'k{kd dk ;g lans'k thou Hkj ugha HkwysA

izks dkoZj us iz;ksx ds fy, feyh gqbZ 20 ,dM+ tehu dh tqrkbZ 'kq: dhA tehu dks tksrus ds fy, tc mUgksaus Lo;agy tksrk rks ;g viwoZ vtwck ns[kus ds fy, vklikl ds fdlku vkSj xakookys tek gq,A D;ksafd mu yksxksa us vkt rdfliQZ dqnkyh gh pyk;h gSA ?kksM+s tqrk gqvk gy gks vkSj pykusokyk izksiQslj gks rks nksuksa gh muds fy, vtwck FksA ^gekjhmej chr x;h tehu tksrus esa vkSj ;s D;k ^u;k* fl[kk;saxs gesaA ,slk dgdj galh mM+kusokys rek'kkbZ Hkh FksA ysfdu izks dkoZjiwjh rjg 'kakr fpRr jgdj] galh [kq'kh lcls lkFk xi'ki djrs gq, viuk dke dj jgs FksA mUgksaus vPNh rjg tehu rS;kjdh] Nk=kksa dks le>k;kA

^tehu esa gy pykrs le; ;fn feV~Vh ds ks fd tehu T;knk xhyh gSA ,slh feV~Vh tehjgrh gS vkSj teh gqbZ feV~Vh esa gok tM+ksa rd ugha igqap ldrhA blfy, cqvkbZ ls igys tehu dks HkqjHkqjh cukus ds fy,cgqr vPNh rjg tksruh pkfg,A*

tehu tksrus ds ckn mUgksaus lkjk tek fd;k gqvk dpjk] xkscj] fudkl okyh dhpM+] lw[ks iRrksa dk dpjk lc [ksrksa esafcNk fn;kA fiQj ,d ckj tehu vPNh rjg tksrh x;hA /hjs&/hjs rek'kkbZ Hkh è;ku ls ns[kus yxsA galh mM+kus okys Hkh ns[kusyxsA [kwc xgjkbZ rd tqrkbZ gqbZ tehu esa izksiQslj us vc tqrkbZ 'kq: djhA ijarq cht ns[kdj lcdks cM+h fujk'kk gqbZA bruhesgur ds ckn cqvkbZ gks jgh Fkh eVj tSls nkuksa dhA dikl ughaA

izks dkoZj vius fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks crk jgs Fks] nygu oxZ ds vukt dh cqvkbZ D;ksa gks x;h] ;g le>k jgs FksA cgqr lhouLifr;ka tehu dh ukbVªkstu lks[k ysrh gSaA dikl cgqr cM+s iSekus ij tehu dh ukbVªkstu ysrh gSA fdUrq nygu oxZ esagok esa ls ukbVªkstu [khapus dh {kerk jgrh gS vkSj os gok ls f[kaph gqbZ ukbVªkstu tehu dks nsrh gSA vr% tehu dh ukbVªkstudh ek=kk c

izks dkoZj ds ikl iwjh gqbZA*

VLdxh esa mUgksaus viuk dke 8 vDVwcj 1896 dsk 'kq: fd;k FkkA rc ogka Ñf"k foHkkx esa fliQZ 13 fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ukentZ FksA ebZ 1897 esa tc okf"kZd NqfV~V;ka 'kq: gqbZa rd Ñf"k foHkkx esa 78 fo|kFkhZ Fks vkSj muesa rhu yM+fd;ka FkhaA

blh laLFkk ls Ñf"k fo"k; dh Lukrd inoh ysus okys Vh ,e dSEicsy us viuh iqLrd esa fy[kk%

^vklikl ds okrkoj.k ds dkj.k vkSj vusdksa o"kksZa ls jQfkM+w] diM+s vkSj vius gkFkksa lscuk, HkO; Hkou ns[ks rks esjk vkRefo'okl cs vius ij fo'okl gksus yxkA*

;gh Vh ,e dSEicsy vesfjdk ds Ñf"k foHkkx ds igys uhxzks iQhYM ,taV cusA izks dkoZj ds ikl i

vkjke feyus ls tehu rjksrktk gks tkrh gS vkSj mldh moZj'kfDr cknh fd ouLifr;ksa dks dqN fo'ks"k phtksa dh vko';drk gksrh gS] tehu Hkh viuh rjiQ ls dqN phtsa gh ns ldrh gSA ,slhifjfLFkfr esa fdlku ;fn iQly dh cqvkbZ ds le; bu ckrksa dks è;ku esa j[ks] tehu dh {kerk] iQly dh t:jrsa] bunksuksa ckrksa dk leUo; lkFk lds rks tehu vkSj iQly nksuksa ,d&nwljs dks vf/d ykHknk;h gks ldrs gSaA vPNs fdlku dkspkfg, fd og cqvkbZ ds le; ;g lHkh ckrsa lkspsaA

vc vklikl ds fdlku viuh leL;kvksa ds lek/ku ds fy, izks dkoZj dh enn ysus vkrs FksA gj ,d ls lykg e'kfojkdjds O;fDrxr :i ls crkuk rks cM+h vPNh ckr FkhA ysfdu vxj ogh ckr mlh le; vf/d yksxksa dks le>k;h tk;srks lgwfy;r gks] ,slk lkspdj izks dkoZj us ,d u;h izFkk dh 'kqjQvkr dhA

vc eSdkWu dkmQaVh ds fdlku gj eghus ds rhljs xqjQokj dks Ldwy esa bdV~Bs gksrsA 'kq:&'kq: esa lkB&lRrj fdlku vk;kdjrss] ysfdu tSls&tSls bl lykg ds iQk;ns iQly dh iSnkokj ij fn[kkbZ nsus yxs] fdlkuksa dh la[;k chgqbZ phtksa ls vPNh&vPNh phtsa cukdj mudk izn'kZuA

'kq:&'kq: eas rks izn'kZfu;ksa dk lkjk lkeku ,d [kVkjs ij j[kk tk ldrk FkkA ysfdu tSls&tSls Ñf"k mRiknu esa rjDdhgksrh x;h] izn'kZfu;ksa dk foLrkj dkiQh cM+k gksrk x;kA lu~ 1903 esa izks dkoZj us eksaVxksesjh esa izn'kZuh yxk;hA bl izn'kZuhesa j[ks fofo/ lkeku ns[kdj] Ñf"k {ks=k dh Øakfrdkjh izxfr ns[kdj fdlkuksa ds eu esa vk'kk,a tkx mBhaA vc n`f"ViFk esafuf'pr Hkfo"; FkkA

VLdxh Ldwy esa gj lky iQjojh eghus esa ^fdlku laxBu* dh okf"kZd lHkk gksrhA VLdxh esa esyk yx tkrkA Ldwy dsvgkrs esa ?kweus&fiQjus esa] Mk okf'kaxVu] izks dkoZj ls ckrphr djus esa mu xjhc uhxzks fdlkuksa dks fdruk vkuan feyrkA blokf"kZd lEesyu ds ckn lkjs c[ksM+s dks fucVkus esa Ldwy okyksa dks iwjk gÝrk Hkj dke djuk iM+rk Fkk ysfdu fdlh dks bldke ls f'kdk;r ugha jgrhA Mk okf'kaxVu vkSj izks dkoZj th&rksM+ esgur djds ftl Hkfo"; dh vksj lekt dks ys tk jgsFks ml ckr ds lk{kh Fks os yksx!

vius e`nq LoHkko ls] fou;iw.kZ O;ogkj ls vkSj vuwBs dk;ksZa ls izks dkoZj us xkaookyksa ds ân; esa LFkku ik fy;k FkkA vknjvkSj fo'okl dk LFkkuA isM+&ikS/ksa dh chekfj;ak] tehu ds] [ksr ds jksx igpkuus okys bl izkè;kid dks thrs&tkxrs balkudh chekfj;ksa dk Hkh Kku gS gh] ,slk ekudj xkaookys viuh gj f'kdk;r muds ikl ysdj vkrsA izks dkoZj ds fy, Hkh vc;s f'kdk;rsa ^u;h* ugha jg x;ha FkhaA nf{k.k ds fuokfl;ksa ds [kkus&ihus dh phtksa esa thou lRoksa dk loZFkk vHkko FkkA izksdkoZj bl ckr dks tku x;s FksA blfy;s os xkaookyksa dh chekfj;ksa dk bykt dj ldrs FksA fofHkUu izdkj dh tM+h&cwfV;ksadk vdZ vkSj jl fudkydj mUgsa nok ds :i esa iz;qDr djrs vkSj fiQj mUgksaus ;g tM+h&cwVh dk cVqvk fNik dj ugha j[kkAxkaookyksa dks fofHkUu ouLifr;ksa dk vkgkj dh n`f"V ls D;k egRo gS] os fdruh ikSf"Vd gSa] ;g ckr le>k nhA bu ouLifr;ksadk vdZ fudkyus dk rjhdk fl[kyk;kA lc dh chekfj;ksa dk pkgsa og balku dh gks ;k ouLifr dh] bykt djusokys izksdkoZj dks xkaookys ykM+ ls MkDVj dgus yxsA f'k{kk laLFkk dh nh gqbZ MkDVjsV ls fdrus gh igys xkaookyksa us mUgsa MkWDVjhns j[kh FkhA

bu MkWDVj lkgc dh [kkfl;r ;g Fkh fd mudk [ksrh ds ckjs esa ;k fiQj LokLF; ds ckjs esa fn;k gqvk lykg&e'kfojk,dne eqÝr gksrk FkkA fliQZ ;gh ugha] dHkh&dHkh rks MkWDVj lkgc dksl&nks&dksl fdlh xjhc fdlku ds [ksr esa [kkn Myokusdh O;oLFkk djokrsA mudh bl ^foftV* ds le; os vklikl ds fdlkuksa dks] muds cky&cPpksa dk ouLifr] izk.kh] feV~Vh]lw;Z gok vkSj ikuh dk ijLij laca/ le>krsA izÑfr ds pØ ds ckjs esa voxr djkrsA fo"kSyh ouLifr;ksa dh igpku crykrsAmUgsa igpku dj u"V dSls djuk pkfg, ;g ckr le>krsA

lkjs xkao okyksa dk ,slk fo'okl Fkk fd bl i`Foh ry ij ,slh dksbZ ouLifr gS gh ugha ftls MkWDVj dkoZj u tkurs gksaAblfy, xkao okyksa dks ,d vknr iM+ x;h Fkh fd dgha dksbZ u;h ouLifr fn[kh ugha fd mls os MkWDVj dkoZj ds ikl ysvkrsA fiQj MkWDVj lkgc mldh mRifRr] mlls ykHk&gkfu] gj ckr foLrkj ls crkrsA bl vknr ds dkj.k muds Kku esa rkso`f¼ gksrh gh] lkFk esa ,d ykHk ;g Hkh gksrk fd le; jgrs gh fo"kSyh ouLifr;ka u"V gks tkrhaA fdlh ouLifr ij ;fndksbZ fof'k"V jksx ;k bYyh utj vkrh rks MkWDVj lko/kuh dk vkns'k nsrsA ml jksx dks gVkus dk mik; djrsA MkWDVj lkgcdk dguk Fkk ^ekbdkSyksftLV dks fliQZ jksxksa dh igpku gksus ls dke ugha curk] mls rks ipkl o"kksZa ckn gksus okys jksxksa dkbykt djus dh nwj n`f"V gksuh pkfg,A*

VLdxh xkao okys vc izks dkoZj ds ouLifr txr ds yxko ls Hkyh Hkkafr ifjfpr FksA jkg pyrs dHkh dksbZ ouLifr ;kfiQj dHkh dksbZ iRFkj mBkdj mldk fujh{k.k djus okys dkoZj dks lkjk xkao tkurk Fkk vkSj fiQj ml ouLifr ds ckjs esafdruh gh tkudkjh nsrsA VLdxh xkao esa vkrs&tkrs jkg esa feyus okys xksjs yksx Hkh vc Mk dkoZj ls isM+&ikS/ksa] iQwy&iRrksads ckjs esa ckrphr djrsA mUgsa vius cxhps fn[kkus ds fy, ys tkrsA viuh leL;k;sa muds lkeus j[krsA izks dkoZj rqjar] ogha[kM+s&[kM+s muds lkjs iz'uksa dk gy crkrsA nqckjk dgha feyrs rks ;kn ls iwNrkN djrsA ,sls le; o.kZoa'k ds lkjs Hksn feVtkrsA iQwyksa ds nhokuksa dh muls dc nksLrh gks tkrh] irk rd ugha pyrkA

tc ls izks dkoZj vykckek esa vk;s Fks] VLdxh Ldwy esa dk;Z djus yxs Fks] rc ls gh gj oDr fdlh&u&fdlh leL;kdk lek/ku djus esa gh O;Lr jgs FksA Mk okf'kaxVu }kjk fdlh leL;k dk mYys[k djus Hkj dh nsj] Mk dkoZj mlds gyesa tqV tkrsA fiQj mls iwjk djds gh pSu ysrsA

VLdxh Ldwy dk vgkrk ,dne :[kk&lw[kk Fkk] dgha ij gfj;kyh dk ukeksafu'kk ughaA blh dkj.k ls Mk okf'kaxVu nq[khjgrsA tc Ldwy esa dksbZ dk;ZØe gksrk rks Nk=kx.k dke pykus ds fy, nks&pkj xeys ltk nsrs] vU;Fkk Ldwy esa dksbZckx&cxhpk ugha FkkA Mk okf'kaxVu us vius eu dh ckr dghA cl! vc Ldwy dk vgkrk ^gfj;kyk* dSls gks bl ckr ijfopkj 'kq:!

Mk dkoZj us ixMaMh dh txg NksM+dj ckdh vgkrs esa cjeqMk tkfr dh ?kkl yxkbZA tjk dgha gjh ?kkl mx vk;h fdfo|kfFkZ;ksa vkSj f'k{kdksa ds iSjksa rys jkSanh x;hA izks dkoZj us nqckjk iz;kl fd;k ysfdu urhtk ogh FkkA uksfVl cksMZ yxkdjns[ks ysfdu dksbZ ykHk ugha gqvkA ?kkl u"V gks tkrh vkSj fiQj ls ^tSls Fks*A vc izks dkoZj us viuh ;kstuk ij iqu% fopkjfd;k] u;s fljs ls lkspkA dqN gh fnuksa esa u;h ;kstuk dk ifj.kke lkeus vk;kA Ldwy dk vgkrk gjk&Hkjk fn[kus yxkA Mkokf'akxVu dh cjlksa dh lk/ iwjh gqbZA mUgksaus izks dkoZj ls ;kstuk dh liQyrk dk jgL; iwNkA izks dkoZj us dgk] ^eSaus lkspk]

dqN Hkh djks] fdruk gh D;kas u le>kvks] yksx ckx viuh gh jkg pyrs jgrs gSa] dksbZ Hkh viuk ^jkLrk* cnyus ds fy,rS;kj ugha gksrkA blfy, eSaus dqN fnuksa rd mudh vkus&tkus dh vknrksa ij è;ku fn;k] muds jkLrksa ds 'kkVZ&dV lc dkfujh{k.k fd;k] fiQj viuh ;kstuk esa FkksM+k lk ifjorZu fd;k vkSj jkLrs dks gh muds iSjksa rys ykdj j[k fn;kA cl! vcrks ?kkl vPNh iui jgh gS] ugha\* Mk okf'akxVu dks izks dkoZj dh prqj cqf¼] mudh loZlekos'kd n`f"V dk Kku FkkA vr%os gj ekeys eas mudh jk; ysrsA izks dkoZj Hkh gj dke mruh gh yxu vkSj ftEesnkjh ls djrs FksA fliQZ Ñf"k foHkkx ghugha vU; foHkkxksa esa Hkh izks dkoZj dh ns[kjs[k ds dkj.k euekuh ugha gksrh] cfYd fdiQk;r ls dke gksrkA blls cpr ghgksrhA

uhxzks yksxksa esa Hkh mRrj okyk vkSj nf{k.k okyk ,slk Hksn FkkA nf{k.k ds uhxzks] izks dkoZj dks ijk;k le>rsA mRrj okyksads vkpj.k] fopkj i¼fr] mPpkj.k nf{k.k okyksa dks ^mPp oxhZ;* yxrsA Mk dkoZj dks os yksx ;Sadh 'kkL=kK dgrsA izks dkoZjdh igyh ftanxh mRrj esa xqtjh FkhA blfy, muds jgu&lgu esa ckrphr esa mRrj dh laLÑfr lkiQ&lkiQ >ydrh FkhAvr% nf{k.k ds uhxzks lekt ls os vyx iM+ tkrsA Mk okf'akxVu dk cM+k HkkbZ tkWu VLdxh Ldwy dk deZpkjh FkkA 'kq:&'kq:esa tkWu vkSj mlds lkFkh deZpkjh izks dkoZj dk gj ckr esa fojks/ djrsA dkj.k fliQZ ;gh fd izks dkoZj mRrj ds jgus okysgSaA Ms;jh foHkkx vkSj Ñf"k foHkkx ds fy, vyx ls 'kkL=kK vkSj og Hkh mRrj okyk gks gh D;ksa\ blh ckr ij izks dkoZjdk fojks/! izks dkoZj dks jgus ds fy, fn;k gqvk DokVZj Hkh ,d ne NksVk lk FkkA blfy, cgqr ls lanHkZ xzaFk vkSj cgqrlk lkeku Hkh vHkh fiVkjksa esa can iM+k FkkA dHkh&dHkh rks ,slk Hkh gks tkrk fd dksbZ fdlku ;k dksbZ Xokyk viuh leL;kgy djokus vkrk vkSj mlds fy, fdlh lanHkZ xzaFk dh vko';drk gksrh tks fdlh fiVkjs esa can iM+k gksrkA bu deZpkfj;kasdh gsdM+h fliQZ NksVs fuokl LFkku dh vykVesaV rd gh lhfer ugha Fkh] os yksx jkstejkZ ds dkedkt esa Hkh n[kyankth djrsAizks dkoZj dks fdlh ckr dh vko';drk gksrh] rks mls dk;kZyhu yky&>aMh vo'; fn[kkbZ tkrhA izks dkoZj bu ckrksa ij è;kugh ugha nsrsA deZpkjh dks ;g ckr Hkh vPNh ugha yxrhA var esa tc bl O;ogkj ds dkj.k dkedkt esa cM+h vlqfo/k gksusyxh rc izks dkoZj us Mk okf'kaxVu dks viuh lc vko';drkvksa ds vkSj dkedkt esa vkus okyh eqlhcrksa ds laca/ esa ,dfyf[kr fuosnu fn;kA

Mk okf'kaxVu gh ,d ,sls O;fDr Fks tks izks dkoZj dk ewY; tkurs FksA mUgksaus mudh lkjh ekaxsa eatwj dj yhaA izks dkoZjdks cM+k fuokl LFkku fn;k x;k vkSj O;oLFkkidh; deZpkfj;ksa dks Hkh ^le>k;k* x;kA

izks dkoZj dh losjs pkj cts gh mBdj ?kweus tkus dh vknr cu x;h FkhA viuh bl izHkkr iQsjh ds le; izks dkoZjvykckek dh cph&[kqph ouLifr;ksa dk vè;;u djrsA blh vè;;u esa gh mUgsa fdruh gh vueksy ouLifr;ksa dk irk pykAbuesa ls dqN tkfr ds isM+ksa ls cM+h etcwr vkSj fVdkmQ ydM+h fey ldrh FkhA izks dkoZj us ogka ds fuokfl;ksa dks bu isM+ksads mi;ksxksa ls voxr djk;kA ouLifr;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk feV~Vh ds ckjs esa Hkh vuqla/ku tkjh FkkA mUgksaus feV~Vh ds vyx&vyxuewus bdV~Bs fd;s Fks vkSj mudh dkiQh tkap&iM+rky dh Fkh fdarq vykckek dh feV~Vh vHkh rd oSlh gh igsyh cuh gqbZFkhA

,d fnu tc os ges'kk dh rjg ?kwedj ykSV jgs Fks rc vius gh [;kyksa esa Mwcs gksus ds dkj.k mUgsa jkLrs dk dhpM+ HkjkxM~k nh!* l`f"V nsork us feV~Vh ds jgL; dh xqRFkh lqy>k nhFkhA

izks dkoZj rqjar iz;ksx'kkyk esa x;sA feV~Vh ds nkx diM+ksa ij oSls gh lt jgs FksA os iz;ksx'kkyk esa feV~Vh ij vuqla/ku djrsjgsA mUgksaus bl feV~Vh ls xk

feV~Vh ls vyx fd,A bu jax nzO;ksa dk pw.kZ] rsy ikuh vkfn lc feykdj muls mUgksaus iDds jax cuk;sA bu jaxksa dks ydM+h]dSuol ij yxkdj mudh ij[k dhA tc mUgsa Lo;a dks larks"k gqvk rc mUgksaus vius fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks bu iz;ksxksa ds fo"k; esafeV~Vh ds jaxksa ds egRoiw.kZ vuqla/ku ds ckjs esa crk;kA

dqN gh fnuksa esa muds bu jaxksa dh ijh{kk djus okyh ?kVuk ?kVhA ekaVxksesjh xkao ds ikl gh ,d NksVh lh cLrh esa izksdkoZj Ñf"k fo"k;d ppkZ djus x;s FksA ppkZ ds fy, cqykus okys Fks xksjs fdlku vkSj lHkk dk LFkku Fkk ,d vk/k&v/wjkcuk gqvk ppZA lHkk cM+h vPNh gqbZA lHkk dh lekfIr ds ckn dh xi'ki esa izks dkoZj dks irk pyk fd iSls de iM+ x,Fks blfy, xkaookyksa dks ppZ dks cxSj jax yxk;s gh j[kuk iM+k FkkA fdlku dg jgs Fks] ^vxj le; jgrs iqrkbZ ugha gqbZ rksgekjh lkjh esgur csdkj gks tk;sxhA rst gokvksa vkSj cjlkr esa rks gekjk cuk;k gqvk ppZ ugha fVd ik;sxkA*

^D;k jax bruk eagxk gS\* izks dkoZj us iwNkA ^gka! eagxk rks gSA oSls ns[kk tk;s rks cgqr gh eagxk gSA D;ksafd vxj dikldh iQly vPNh gqbZ rks gh ge yksx iSls tek dj ik;saxsA ysfdu mlls igys rks iwjh cjlkr fudkyuh iM+sxh vkSj cjlkresa ;g fVdsxk ughaA*

^rks ,slh ckr gSA vPNk] vki yksx fcYdqy fpark er dhft,A eSa vki yksxksa ds fy, cf

VLdxh ds lekjksg esa Hkk"k.k nsrs gq, izks foYlu us Mk dkoZj dh rjiQ funsZ'k djrs gq, dgk%

^VLdxh esa Ñf"k fo|k dh f'k{kk 'kq: gqbZ bruk gh dguk dkiQh ugha gS] cfYd vc yksxksa ds lkeus Ñf"k fo|k dk ,du;k vk;ke j[kk tk jgk gSA Ñf"k 'kkL=k vc ,d u;h fn'kk esa izxfr dj jgk gSA ;g ;qxkUrj dk y{k.k gSA

^Mk okf'kaxVu us mRrj esa ykdj tks ikS/k nf{k.k esa yxk;k Fkk og vc cM+k gh vPNk iui jgk FkkA*

Kku dh xaxk] le`f¼ dh xaxk

VLdxh esa laxhr FkkA lqudj eu >we mBs ,slk e/qj laxhrA Mk dkoZj us igys dHkh lquk ugha Fkk ,slk laxhrA gj jfookj'kke dks VLdxh Ldwy ds Nk=k izkFkZuk eafnj esa bdV~Bs gksrs vkSj e/qj laxhr ls lkjk vodk'k Hkj nsrsA okrkoj.k dks foHkksjdj nsrsA Mk okf'axVu dk uke lqudj ns'k&fons'k ls yksx muls feyus vkrsA xqykeh eas tUesa bu cPpksa ds laxhr dks lqudjesgeku foHkksj gks mBrsA ,d vuks[ks vuqHko dh Le`fr muds eu esa cl tkrhA

Mk dkoZj dks bl jfookj dh 'kke dh izrh{kk jgrhA og laxhr mUgsa iqjkus fnuksa dh ;kn fnykrkA eka ds xhrksa dh xquxqukgVeu esa tkx mBrhA og laxhr Mk dkoZj dh vdsyh ftanxh esa jkSud ykrk] thus dh vkl txkrkA

,slh gh ,d jfookj dks izkFkZuk eafnj ls ykSVrs le; mudh utj gksLVsy ds fivkuks ij iM+hA fdrus lkyksa ls mUgksaus fi;kuksctk;k gh ugha FkkA os ml fi;kuks ds djhc igqaps] gkSys ls mudh maxfy;ka fi;kuksa ij pyus yxhA mUgsa fdruh gh laxhrjpuk,a ;kn vkus yxhaA Jherh feygkySaM dh fl[kkbZ gqbZ jpuk,aA vkt mudh maxfy;ksa ls vc ^;knsaa* >j jgh FkhaA

va/sjk f?kj vk;kA Mk dkoZj dks dqN gks'k gh ugha FkkA os viuh gh /qu esa /qu&ij&/qu ctkrs pys tk jgs FksA

flEilu okyksa ds crk, gq, Hkfo"; ds vuqlkj dkoZj fp=kdkj ;k laxhrdkj ugha cus Fks] os rks cu x;s Fks ,d fdlku]nf{k.k dk Hkwfeiq=kA ,d NksVs] ysfdu esgurh Ldwy dk f'k{kd vkSj tM+h&cwVh okys MkWDVj vkSj gka] jaxjst HkhA D;k ;gvliQyrk Fkh\ ,d mQlj catj tehu dks mUgksaus uothou fn;k FkkA ogh catj tehu vc iQy&iQwy jgh FkhA mUgksaus ogkads yksxksa dh vka[kksa ij ca/h MkWylZ dh ifV~V;ka gVkdj mUgsa ^ns[kuk* fl[kk;k FkkA os yksx Hkh vc feV~Vh esa tM+h&cwVh esa]iQwy esa iRrksa esa lek;s bZ'oj dks [kkst ysrs Fks] izÑfr ds jgL;ksa dks le>us yxs FksA mtM+k ohjkuk vc iQyiQwy jgk FkkAgj chrusokyk fnu u;k dqN ns gh tkrk FkkA D;k ;g vliQyrk Fkh\ + + + vc Hkh os lksp jgs Fks] ;g rks fliQZ vkjaHk gS]vHkh rks vkSj fdruk vkxs pyuk gSA

fi;kuks ij pyrs&pyrs maxfy;ka Fkd x;ha] os jQdsA vkgV ikdj ihNs eqM+dj ns[kk] fdlh us fn;k tyk fn;k FkkA jks'kuhesa ns[kk] njokts ij fdrus lkjs fo|kFkhZ [kM+s FksA oknu jQdrs gh os lc vkxs c gh ugha jgk Fkk] os viuhtxg ls mBus yxsA

^ugha lj! mfB;s ugha] dqN vkSj ctk;sa!*

^vkt rd geus bruk 'kq¼ vkSj ,slk lqjhyk laxhr dHkh ugha lquk FkkA*

^ysfdu cPpksa] eSa dksbZ oknd ugha gwaA*

^lj! vki agh rks ges'kk dgrs gSa u\ fd vius ikl tks dqN gS] mls ^nsrs* jguk pkfg,A

mlh le; gksLVy dh ?kaVh ct mBhA jkstkuk jkr dks lksus ds le; crkusokyhA fujQik; gksdj lc vius&vius dejksadh vksj py iM+sA Mk dkoZj Hkh ykSVs] ^dy losjs vius ^firk* ls bl ckjs esa iwNuk gSA*

vHkh fiNys dqN fnuksa ls Ñf"k foHkkx ds dke dh O;kidrk cgqr c

FkhA ysfdu dy 'kke ds fi;kuks oknu vkSj Nk=kksa dh iz'kalk ls eu esa ,d u;k fopkj tUek FkkA

FkksM+k ldqpkrs gq, mUgksaus Ldwy ds dks"kkf/dkjh Jh okWjsu yksxu ds lkeus ,d izLrko j[kkA Ldwy ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dkok|o`Un cukdj] muds tyls }kjk iSls tek djus dkA Jh yksxu Mk dkoZj dks vPNh rjg tkurs FksA mRrj ls vk;s gq,bl ferHkk"kh fouez 'kkL=kK ds vueksy xq.kksa ls voxr FksA vkt rd Mk dkoZj us ftl dk;Z esa Hkh gkFk fn;k Fkk mls vk'kkls dgha vf/d liQy dj fn[kk;k FkkA feV~Vh ls lksuk mitkusokys dkoZj fliQZ izLrko ij gh fuHkZj gksdj Jh yksxu us iwjsnkSjs dh :ijs[kk cuk MkyhA

Mk dkoZj vc fi;kuks ij fu;fer fj;kt djus yxsA brus fnuksa ds vuqHkoksa ds ckn fo|kfFkZ;ksa dsk vius ^lj* dh fdlhHkh ckr ls vpjt ugha gksrk FkkA vpjt djsa Hkh rks dkSu&dkSu lh ckr dh! vkSj og Hkh jkst&jkst!

nkSjk cM+k gh liQy jgkA bl ok|oàn ds dk;ZØeksa ls os yksx vko';d fuf/ tek dj ys vk;sA mudk vkSj Hkh ,dykHk gqvk bl nkSjs esa] os vlyh ^nf{k.k vesfjdk* Hkh ns[k vk;sA ogka ds vius nfyr uhxzks cka/o mudh xjhch] Hkq[kejh]mudh vKku + + + mudh misf{kr vkSj vHkkoksa ls Hkjh ftanxh] lc dqN viuh vka[kksa ls ns[k vk;sA

vc Hkh nf{k.k esa xqykeh dh izFkk cjdjkj FkhA cfYd mls LokHkkfod ekuk tkrk FkkA uhxzks dks nwljs ntsZ dk ekuo ghekuk tkrk FkkA eqfDr ds ckn Hkh uhxzks ds lkekftd LFkku esa dksbZ iQdZ ugha gqvk FkkA vkt Hkh lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij] lkoZtfudokguksa esa] ;gka rd fd m|kuksa esa Hkh uhxzks dks izos'k eukgh FkhA lM+d pyrs dHkh fdlh xksjs vkneh ls vkxs fudyus dkeryc Fkk dksM+ksa dh ekjA lkeus ls dksbZ xksjk vkneh vk jgk gks rks jkLrk NksM+dj vyx gVdj [kM+k gksuk iM+rjk FkkA viuscy ij] esgur djds f'k{kk ikdj vxj dksbZ ukSdjh ;k O;olk; djrk Hkh Fkk rks mls Hkh jkst dh ftanxh esa vieku ds?kwaVs ihus gh iM+rsA fdlh us tjk Hkh izxfr djuh pkgh rks mls neu dk lkeuk djuk iM+rkA vkt Hkh uhxzks vius uke dslkFk Jheku ;k Jherh ugha fy[k ldrs FksA vxj yxk fn;k rks ltk Hkqxruh iM+rh] peM+h m/sM+us rd dksM+ksa dh ekj! vkSjfiQj bl vU;k; dh dgha ij lquokbZ Hkh ughaA U;k; ekaxrs fdlls\ U;k; nsork Hkh xksjksa ds ghA ,slh vlqjf{kr fLFkfr esafiQj psgjs ij ykpkj galh dk mnkl vkoj.k pksiM+s] muesa jgus okys os uhxzks cka/oA viuk vfLrRo cuk;sj[kus dh dksf'k'k esa th&rksM+ esgur djusokysA ,d >ksiM+s esa jgus okys Hkh fdrus lkjs NksVs&cM+s lc ,d lkFk lkFk&lkFkmBuk] lkFk gh jguk] [kkukA [kkuk Hkh dSls\ pyrs&pysr ;k fiQj nhokj ls fVd dj mdM+w cSBsdj] gFksyh ij ysdj!!fcLrj&fcNkSuk ,slk dksbZ >a>V ughaA >ksaiM+s esa uk rks f[kM+dh] u ijns] dqN Hkh rks ughaA T;knkrj >ksaiM+ksa ds fy, ik[kkuk Hkhugha cuk FkkA tgka dgha cuk Fkk og Hkh tSls&rSls cksjs ds ijns yxkdjA

[kkus dk lkeku Hkh nwj&nwj ds cktkjksa ls [kjhnk gqvkA cjlksa ls pyh vk phtsa] dqN buhfxuh phtsa ekal] vkVk vkSj dPpkxqM+A cl ;gh! vius >ksiM+s ds vklikl dh txg ij dqN mitk;k tk ldrk gS] tkuoj ikydj nw/] vaMs] ekal dh O;oLFkkgks ldrh gS] bl ckr dh mUgsa tkudkjh gh ugha FkhA cjlksa ls ;gh viw.kZ vkgkj pyk vk jgk FkkA ogka ds yksx thou lRods vHkko ds dkj.k isykxzk] LdOghZ tSls jksxksa ds f'kdkj gksrs FksA ihus dk ikuh Hkh dksl&nks&dksl nwj ls yk;k gqvk blfy,ikuh dk vHkkoA tc ihus ds fy, gh ikuh dh deh gks rks vkSj dkeksa ds fy, ikuh dgka ls feyrk\ bl deh ds ifj.kkeHkh Hkqxrus iM+ jgs FksA lkjh peM+h iQV jgh FkhA

tehu esa Hkh njkjsa iM+ jgh FkhaA tehu ij chl&iPphl iQhV [kkbZ cu tkrh rks Hkh fdlh dks mldh fpark ughaA lkjk thou,d loZuk'k dh dxkj ij vkdj [kM+k gqvkA irk ugha dc [kRe gks tk;sA

nkSjs ls ykSVus ds ckn izks dkoZj ds eu esa ,d u;k fopkj tkx mBkA ^lkekftd psruk* dh vc furkar vko';drk Fkhabl fn'kk esa fopkj djus dk ,d fujkyk miØe muds eu esa vkdkj ysus yxkA ^eq>s vius ca/q&cka/oksa dks tkx`r djukgSA ;g esjh viuh uSfrd ftEesnkjh gSA*

tSls gh eu esa dk;ZØe dh :ijs[kk rS;kj gqbZ] mUgksaus mls Mk okf'kaxVu ds lkeus j[kkA vius lekt dks vc ;g fl[kkukvko';d gS fd fdu phtksa dk mRiknu djuk gS] dSls djuk gS fd mudk mi;ksx dSls gksA ;g lc lh[kuk gSA jgus ds

fy, ?kj cukuk] nw/ vkSj vUu ds fy, tkuoj ikyuk ;g Hkh fl[kkuk gksxkA bl dke ds fy, gesa VLdxh Ldwy dks muds>ksiM+ksa rd ys tkuk gSA*

Mk okf'kaxVu ,sls dk;ZØe dks lgefr u n'kkZrs rks gh vk'p;Z dh ckr gksrh lu~ 1899 esa igys ^pyrs&fiQjrs Ñf"kfo|ky;* dk tUe gqvkA izks dkoZj us vius lkjs dk;ZØe dh fuf'pr :ijs[kk cukdj] lkjh vko';d phtsa bdV~Bh dhaAfo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ls dqN dks pqukA lkjs midj.kksa dks ,d Bsys ij pkrs FksA bu iz;ksxksa ds fy, midj.kksa dh vko';drkgksrhA midj.kksa dks Bhd ls j[kus ds fy, ;ksX; Bsys dh t:jr FkhA izks dkoZj us iwjh iz;ksx'kkyk gh ltkus yk;d BsykxkM+hcuok;hA vc ;g pyrh&fiQjrh iz;ksx'kkyk xkao&xkao tkrh vkSj ogka ds ikuh] feV~Vh dh tkap ds iz;ksxksa esa lg;ksx djrhA

bl nkSjs ij izks dkoZj vius cka/oksa ds chp jgrsA muds >ksiM+ksa esa mUgha ds lkFk mBrs&cSBrsA vius e`nq cksy] fou;iw.kZO;ogkj vkSj LokHkkfod Lusg ls mUgksaus mu xjhc fdlkuksa ls viukiu tksM+ fy;k FkkA tc os yksx viuh f>>d NksM+dj[kqydj ckrsa djuk 'kq: djrs rc izks dkoZj mUgsa viuh ckrsa le>krsA tehu dh tqrkbZ dSls gks] xgjh rg rd [kqnkbZ D;ksadjuh pkfg,] cht dkSu ls gksa vkSj dSls gksa\ mu ij izfØ;k dSlh gks\ vkfn lkjh ckrsa lgt ljy Hkk"kk esa le>krsA viusvkaxu dk ,d fgLlk gjh Hkkth ds fy, j[kus dh lykg nsrsA fcYdqy de [kpZ djds feyusokyh gjh Hkkth tSlh phtsamu xjhc fdlkuksa dks vkt rd ds rhu nq"V ^e* dkjksa ls NqVdkjk fnyk ldrh FkhA ;g rhu ^e* dkj Fks ehV (ekal)] ehy(vkVk) vkSj ekSykfll (dPpk xqM+)A lEiw.kZ larqfyr vkgkj ds vHkko esa bl lekt dks isyxzk vkSj LdOghZ tSls jksxksa us lrkj[kk FkkA izks dkoZj us bu yksxksa dks gjh Hkkth vkSj VekVj tSlh phtsa [kkuk fl[kk;kA vc rd VekVj dks fo"kSyk iQy ekuktkrk FkkA blfy, txg&txg ij VekVj [kkdj fn[kykuk iM+rk] ;g fl¼ djus ds fy, fd og fo"kSyk ugha gSA mlh rjgbu yksxksa dks nygu oxZ ds vukt mitkus dh lykg nsrsA detksj tehu dh rkdr ckus ds ckn Hkh dksbZ&u&dksbZ cws dSls fl[kkvksxs\ rqe D;keq>ls T;knk tkurs gks [ksrh&fdlkuh\ iwjh mej eSa [ksrh gh dj jgk gwa] tkurs gks\ vkt rd rhu [ksrksa dk liQk;k dj pqdkgwaA vc cksyks!*

;g 'kku] ;g enkZuxh!

;fn fdlh vakxu esa chekj eqfxZ;ka fn[kkbZ nha rks izks dkoZj muds nM+cs ns[krsA fiQj ekfyd dks le>krs] ^bu eqfxZ;ksa dsnM+cksa esa lw;Zizdk'k igqap ugha ikrk] blfy, ogka ij cM+h ueh jgrh gS] ftlls eqfxZ;ka chekj gks tkrh gSaA*

tokc feyrk] ^ugha oSlh ckr ugha gSA bu vaMksa dks iwue dks lsus Fks blfy, ;g eqfxZ;ka ,slh gSaA* ,slk Fkk tarj&earjdk izHkkoA

izks dkoZj us ,slh fLFkfr;ksa eas Hkh gkj ugha ekuh FkhA os ?kj&?kj esa tkdj viuk dke dj gh jgs FksA ckj&ckj viuh ckrle>krs FksA xkao&xkao ?kwe jgs FksA dHkh dksbZ le>nkj fdlku mudh ckr eku ysrkA vius [ksrksa esa muds dgs vuqlkj dnydjrk] fiQj mls tks ykHk gksrk og ns[kdj mldk iM+kslh Hkh dkoZj dh ckr ekurkA izks dkoZj ch ckr eku ysus ls] mudkiQk;nk gh gksrk FkkA iQk;nk Hkh bruk vf/d fd vkt rd dHkh ns[kk gh u FkkA /hjs&/hjs yksxksa dk fo'okl ckrsA yksx ckr 'kakfr ls lqurs] ysfdu ,dk/ vgadkjh xksjk cksy mBrk] ^cM+k vk;k gS dYyw]gesa fl[kkus ds fy,A*

dkoZj ,slh vogsyuk vulquh dj nsrs] è;ku gh ugha nsrsA

'kq:&'kq: esa vukM+h fdlkuksa dks yxrk fd ;g izkè;kid egk'k; dqN dfBu] le> esa vkus okyh ckr cryk;saxsA ysfdutc os ,d ckj izks dkoZj dh ckrsa lqu ysrs rks muds eu dk lkjk Mj fudy tkrk] lkjh 'kadk,a] lkjs lansg feV tkrsA

izks dkoZj us viuk Bsyk yxkus ds fy, vPNk fBdkuk usokykegkHkkx & fo'ks"kr% /eZxqjQ & bl izcks/u ls cM+s ukjkt jgrsA mudk dguk gksrk fd bZ'oj ds foJke ds fnu ,sls >a>Vu gksA dqN xksjs rks ,slh lHkk,a Hkax djus ds fy, rS;kj gh cSBs gksrsA dgrs] vkt rd gekjh n;k ij thus okys ;s fuXxj;gka ij D;ksa\ lp ckr ;g Fkh fd xksjksa ls vf/d vPNh [ksrh dj ldus okys ^dkys* mUgsa vPNs ugha yxrs FksA okLroesa nf{k.k esa fLFkfr ,slh Fkh fd xjhc xksjk fdlku vkSj uhxzks fdlku] vkfFkZd n`f"V ls nksuksa esa dksbZ iQdZ ugha FkkA ysfduxqykeh izFkk u"V gksus ls igys uhxzks dks fcYdqy nckdj j[kuk laHko FkkA vc Lora=krk ds ckn uhxzks dks cjkcjh dsvf/dkj izkIr Fks vkSj ml ij bl Ñf"k lq/kj ls rks muds vkxs cnkj xksjs fdlku] /eZxqjQ Hkh bl pyrs&fiQjrs Ñf"k fo|ky; ls ykHkmBkrsA izkR;f{kd iz;ksx ns[krs] Ñf"k lq/kj viukrsA izks dkoZj Hkh fdlh ls lkSrsys O;ogkj ugha djrsA nf{k.k esa lc dhleL;k,a ,d lh gh FkhaA lHkh dks Hkw[k dh [kkbZ ls mckjuk FkkA ^tgka gks] ogha ls vkxs c

ifjiDo iQyksa ds jl dks lq[kkdj lap; djuk fl[kk;kA

yksxksa ds vkgkj fo"k;d vknrsa cM+h iqjkuh gksrh gSaA cjlksa ls pyh vkus ds dkj.k muls ,d izdkj dk eksg Hkh gksrk gSAbu vknrksa dks vxj cnyuk gks rks tks u, inkFkZ vkgkj esa lekfo"V djus gSa os vkd"kZd vkSj Lokfn"V gksuk vko';d gSAvc izks dkoZj bl dke ds ihNs yxs FksA u;s&u;s O;atu cukdj ns[krs tks lqLokn gksrs lkFk&lkFk vkgkj dh n`f"V ls Hkh ifjiw.kZgksaA mUgsa ;wjksi esa izpfyr inkFkksZa dk Lokn ysus dk volj dSls feyrk\ os rks cl viuh rjiQ ls iwjk iz;Ru dj jgs FksAu;s&u;s O;atuksa ls nf{k.k ds vkgkj esa fofo/rk yk jgs FksA ;g lkekftd tkxj.k fliQZ vkgkj rd gh lhfer ugha FkkA diM+ksadh /qykbZ dSls gks] 'kkjhfjd LoPNrk dSls j[kh tk;s] ijns dSls cuk;s tk;s] cPpksa dk laxksiu] i'kq&lao/Zu] dqDdV ikyu,sls fo"k; Hkh bl izcks/u esa lfEefyr FksA lkFk gh >ksiM+s ds ckgj ,d gh cM+h lh ldsa ,slh lgt ljy Hkk"kk esa if=kdk,a Niok;haA xkao&xkao eas caVok;haA

bu if=kdkvksa esa fofo/ fo"k;ksa dk foospu gksrkA mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij ewaxiQyh ls rS;kj gksus okys 105 inkFkZ] VekVj dhiSnkokj] mlls cu ldus okys 115 inkFkZA 'kdjdan dks laHkkydj j[kus ds mik;A lqvj ikyus dh tkudkjhA vykckek esai'kq&ikyu ls fdruk ykHk gks ldrk gS] xehZ ds fnuksa esa ekal dks ued yxkdj lq[kkus ds rjhds] tehu dh rkdr c dj djrs] lkjh lkexzh dh ns[kHkky djrsA ftu yksxksa dks muds Ñf"klq/kj iz;ksx ds mRiknuksa esa jQfp gksrh os yksx vius iqjkus jhfr&fjoktksa dks NksM+dj izks dkoZj dks viuh laLFkk esa vkeaf=krdjrsA bl ckr dk ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd uhxzks dks izos'k u nsus okyh fdruh gh laLFkkvksa us izks dkoZj dks vkeaf=kr fd;kA

;g ̂ pyrk&fiQjrk fo|ky;* pykuk cM+k esgur dk dke FkkA izks dkoZj bl dke esa gkFk caVk lds ,slk ,d vPNk fo|kFkhZlkFkh feykA vius f'k{kd ds ekxZn'kZu esa dke djrs&djrs og Hkh bl dke esa ,dne fl¼gLr gks x;kA ;g fo|kFkhZ FkkFkkWel dSEicsyA vkxs pydj ;g Vh ,d dSEicsy igys uhxzks iQhYM ,taV ds :i esa e'kgwj gqvkA vc ;g FkkWel dSEicsyizks dkoZj ds lkFk dSls vk;k] ;g ,d vuks[kh ?kVuk gSA

FkkWel dSEicsy dk cM+k HkkbZ foyh igys ls gh VLdxh Ldwy esa is ,slk gh dqN u;k lh[kuk gSA Ñf"k foKku!*

vFkkZr vkxs pydj FkkWel dks dHkh Hkh bl ckr ds fy, i'pkrki ugha djuk iM+kA

[ksrksa ij etnwjh djuk vkSj izks dkoZj ls [ksrh djuk lh[kuk bu esa cgqr iQdZ FkkA ^dSls\* vkSj ^D;k\* ds lkFk&lkFk^D;ksa\* bl iz'u dks iwNk tk ldrk FkkA izks dkoZj dks Hkh ;g ^D;ksa* iwNusokyk fo|kFkhZ vPNk yxrk FkkA muds pyrs&fiQjrsfo|ky; ds dke esa Hkh ;g fo|kFkhZ cM+k mi;ksxh fl¼ gqvkA yacs] nqcys dkoZj vkSj rxM+k&ranjQLr FkkWel] ;g tksM+h iwjsbykds esa izfl¼ FkhA bl tksM+h dks u igpku lds] ,slk vkneh ml bykds esa eqf'dy ls feyrkA dkj.k ;g Fkk fdNksVs&ls&NksVs] nwjnjkt ds xkaoksa esa Hkh ;g tksM+h igqap tkrhA ;gka Bsyk ugha tk ikrk ml jkLrs ij [kPpjksa ij lkeku ykndjVhys&igkfM+;ka yka?kdj ;g tksM+h tk igqaprhA izks dkoZj ds HkkxhjFk iz;Ruksa ls nf{k.k ds fdlkuksa ds vkaxuksa esa xaxk pydjvk x;h FkhA Kku dh xaxk] le`f¼ dh xaxkA

izks dkoZj ds bl dk;Z ls vesfjdk ds iwjs nf{k.k izns'k dk dk;kiyV gqvkA ogka dk thou&Lrj mQapk mBkA ^pyrs&fiQjrsfo|ky;* us nf{k.k ds thou esa vHkwriwoZ Øakfr dj nhA nf{k.k dh 'kku ca>V de djus ds mn~ns'; lsikl ds ^psgk* LVs'ku ls VLdxh Ldwy rd u;k jsyekxZ cuk;k x;kA

Mk okf'kaxVu us vius bu ^liuksa dks lkdkj* djus okys lg;ksxh dks osru esa o`f¼ dk izLrko j[kk fdarq izks dkoZj us eukghdj nh ;g dg dj] ^vf/d iSls ysdj eSa D;k d:a\*

;g ckr Hkh lp gh FkhA lkjh /jrh gh ftldh viuh gks] lkjs txr dks tks viuk ?kj ekurk gks] og vius fy, vyxls dqN D;k ekaxrk\

Mk okf'kaxVu tgka Hkh tkrs vius Hkk"k.k esa vius ml fuLokFkhZ fujadkjh lg;ksxh dk xkSjoiw.kZ mYys[k vo'; djrsA

^bl ns'k esa tEes yksdksRrj iqjQ"kksa esa ls izks dkoZj ,d gSaA dk'k! gesa ,sls vk/k ntZu dkoZj vkSj izkIr gks ldrsA*

^pyrs&fiQjrs Ñf"k fo|ky;* }kjk lekt ds izcks/u dk dk;Z 'kq: djus esa liQyrk feyh] bl ckr ds fy, izks dkoZjges'kk ÑrkFkZrk vuqHko djrsA os bl dke dks vius thou dk egRoiw.kZ dk;Z ekurs FksA bl gfjrØakfr ls nf{k.k ds xjhcfdlkuksa ds thou esa [kq'kgkyh vk;h] ogka ds thou dks ,d u;k vFkZ feykA

bl ^pyrs&fiQjrs Ñf"k fo|ky;* dk vkxs pydj cgqr foLrkj gqvkA lu~ 1918 esa vykckek ljdkj us bl dk;Z dsfy, ,d cM+k Vªd fnyok;kA fdlkuksa us Hkh vc bl fo|ky; ds egRo dks igpku fy;k FkkA tc igyk Vªd iqjkuk gksdjfujQi;ksxh gks x;k rc fdlkuksa us pank tekdj 5000 MkWylZ dk ,d vkSj cM+k Vªd [kjhndj VLdxh Ldwy dks HksaV fn;kAfdlh le; vesfjdk dk ;g vkXus; fn'kk dk izns'k [kfut lEifRr] euq";'kfDr] ouLifr ds fygkt ls HkkX;'kkyh FkkAysfdu vc vius gh fd;s djk;s ls daxky cu x;k FkkA fiQj ml ij oa'ko.kZ Hksn ds >xM+sA lqtyke lqiQyke Hkwfe dkscatj cuk Mkyk FkkA ,slh fLFkfr esa izks dkoZj us viuk dk;Z{ks=k fliQZ vius ca/q&cka/o è;ku esa j[krs gq, vius iz;klksa dhckth yxk nh FkhA nf{k.k dks Lo;aiw.kZ cukus dh n`f"V ls vuqla/ku djrs jgsA viuh iz;ksx'kkyk dks fdlkuksa ds [ksrksa] ?kjksaesa ys x;sA

izks dkoZj dh lektlsok dks LFky dky ds ca/u ugha FksA mudh viuh futh ftanxh dqN cph gh ugha FkhA 'kk;n ^esjk*,slk dqN jgk gh ugha] v[kaM lekt dk;Z esa dHkh dksbZ ck/k gh mifLFkr u gks] blfy, os vfookfgr gh jgsA

muds cka/oksa dks mudh vR;ar vko';drk Fkh] ekSteLrh ds fy, ugha] cfYd viuk thoueku laHkkyus ds fy,A izksdkoZj us vius bl drZO; ls dHkh vka[k ugha pqjk;hA

vesfjdk ds x`g&;q¼ksa ds le; uhxzks lekt esa lk{kjrk izek.k Fkk 3 izfr'kr vkSj lu~ 1910 esa og 70 izfr'kr gks x;kFkkA Mk okf'kaxVu vkSj izks dkoZj vHkh Hkh larq"V ugha FksA f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa u;s&u;s iz;ksx dj jgs FksA

ogka ds Ldwy dk ikB~;Øe iwjk djds fudyus okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk Mk okf'kaxVu dk mins'k gksrk] ^rqe yksx tgka ls vk;sgks] ogha vius xkao okil tkvksA vf/d iSls okyh ukSdjh

ysfdu gk;! ;g D;k gqvk! ,d lqcg ,d gknlk gks x;kA lc dh vka[kksa ds vkxs va/sjk Nk x;kA [kM+h iQly ds diklds MksMs tehu ij fxjs gq, FksA lkjh iQly dks vk/ baph ?kqu [kk x;h FkhA ?kqu dikl ij ugha] fdlkuksa dh vk'kkvksa ijyx x;h FkhA fcYdqy gkFk vk;h iQly vc u"V gks x;h FkhA loZuk'k gks x;k FkkA iwjh nf{k.k ls vkØks'k mBkA VLdxh rdigqapkA vthc ckr ;g Fkh fd lkjh nf{k.k ds dikl [ksrksa esa gaxkek djus okys bl ladV us VLdxh dh rjiQ jQ[k Hkh ughafd;k FkkA fliQZ VLdxh dh dikl lqjf{kr cph FkhA izks dkoZj bl ckr dk jgL; tkurs FksA fiNys dbZ lkyksa ls os ewaxiQyhdk vè;;u dj jgs FksA bl ewaxiQyh dh mit us gh VLdxh dh dikl dks cpk;k FkkA ckr ,slh gqbZ Fkh fd lu~ 1904ds vklikl gh ;g dhVk.kq esfDldks ls VsDlkl izns'k esa izfo"V gqbZA ogka dh dikl dks rgl&ugl dj 1910 ds djhcvykckek esa ?kqlhA ek;dkWykWftLV gksus ds ukrs izks dkoZj mlds foèoald :i dks tkurs FksA dikl dh iQly dk uk'k djusokyh bl dhVk.kq dk cankscLr rhoz jklk;fud nokbZ;ksa ls gks ldrk FkkA ysfdu xjhc fdlku bruh eagxh vkS"kf/;ka dSls[kjhnrs\ vkS"kf/;ka fNM+dus ds vykok tehu dh xgjh rg rd [kksndj bl fo"kk.kq dks [kRe djuk vko';d FkkA lclsegRoiw.kZ ckr ;g Fkh fd dikl ij ckjckj vkusokys bl ladV ls cpus ds fy, dikl dh iSnkokj dk {ks=k gh e;kZfnrdjuk vko';d FkkA ftlls vxj dHkh fdlh ladV dk eqdkcyk djuk iM+s rks fdlkuksa ds cycwrs dh ckr gksA diklh dhykxr de djds mldh txg nwljh ,slh iQlysa mitkuk vko';d Fkk ftu ij bl fo"kk.kq dk izHkko u iM+rk gksA tehudh moZjk'kfDr c

vkfn inkFkZ cuk;sA ewaxiQyh yxkusokyksa dks tks ykHk gqvk mls ns[kdj vkSj fdlkuksa us Hkh ewaxiQyh dh iSnkokj dhA ml lkytcjnLr iQly gqbZA

mRrj vesfjdk ds ewaxiQyh [kjhnusokyksa dks fliQZ uedhu ewaxiQyh ds ckjs esa gh tkudkjh FkhA vr% mruk gh eky fcdkftruk bl dke ds fy, vko';d FkkA ckdh dk eky iM+k jgkA fiQj ls Hkko fxjus yxsA fiQj fdlkuksa dk vkØks'kA vcD;k gks\ izks dkoZj ds vkt rd ds ifjJe dks Hkwydj nf{k.k ds fdlku mUgsa dkslus yxsA xksjs fdlku rks ^fuXxj* dgdjnks"k nsus yxsA lkjh eqlhcr dh tM+ izks dkoZj dks ekuk x;kA

izks dkoZj us ,d Hkwr xkM+k FkkA ysfdu nwljk vc lkeus vk [kM+k gqvk FkkA vklikl ds [ksrksa dk eqvk;uk fd;kA gj txgbl Hkqrgh ifjfLFkfr dk n'kZu gqvkA gj [kfygku esa ewaxiQyh dh jkkf'k;ksa dk vackj yxk FkkA dgha&dgha rks eky lM+us Hkhyxk FkkA vxj bls ,sls lM+us ds fy, gh NksM+uk gS rks fiQj yxk;k gh D;ksa\ vc rks cw

bu oLrqvksa dks laiw.kZr;k ;k va'kr% cnydj u;h phtksa dks fuekZ.k dj viuh c

MkW dkoZj vc 'kdjdan ij vuqla/ku dj jgs FksA nf{k.k ds fdlkuksa dks vc MkW dkoZj ij iwjk fo'okl gks x;k FkkA mudhcrk;h jkg dHkh xyr ugha gks ldrhA ewaxiQyh dh mit ls cgqr ykHk gqvk Fkk] 'kdjdan ls oSlk gh ykHk gksxkA bl fo'oklls fdlkuksa us 'kdjdan dh iSnkokj ds fy, cM+s mRlkg ls gkeh Hkjh FkhA

'kdjdan dh mit rks csfglkc gqbZ ysfdu ogh ges'kk dk jksuk] cktkjksa esa eky dh ekax ughaA [kfygkuksa esa] xksnkeksa esa ekyiM+k gqvk Fkk] lM+us dk Mj FkkA fiQj ?kcjk;s gq, fdlkuksa dk vkØks'k 'kq: gqvkA ysfdu bl ckj MkW dkoZj igys ls ghlko/ku FksA xksnkeksaa