Der polnische Wortbestand in J. Ma̧czyńskis Lexicon Latino-Polonicum aus dem Jahre 1564 byW. Kuraszkiewicz; R. OleschReview by: H. LeemingThe Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 64, No. 4 (Oct., 1986), pp. 581-582Published by: the Modern Humanities Research Association and University College London, School ofSlavonic and East European StudiesStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4209364 .

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REVIEWS 58I

Wexler, 'Belorussification, Russification and Polonization Trends in the Belorussian Language i89o-i982' (PP. 37-56); and Roman Solchanyk, 'Language Politics in the Ukraine' (pp. 57-IO5). This is followed by four papers on the Caucasus and the Crimea: Edward Lazzerini, 'Crimean Tatar: The Fate of a Severed Tongue' (pp. I 09-24); Alexandre Bennigsen and Chantal Lemercier-Quelquejay, 'Politics and Linguistics in Daghestan' (pp. I25-42); Simon Crisp, 'The Formation and Development of Literary Avar' (pp. I43-62); and George B. Hewitt, 'Georgian: A Noble Past, A Secure Future' (pp. I63-79). Soviet Central Asia is the focus of the third part, with two papers: Martha Brill Olcott, 'The Politics of Language Reform in Kazakhstan' (pp. I83-204); and William Fierman, 'Language Development in Soviet Uzbekistan' (pp. 205-33). In Part Four two articles look at languages of 'Interior Russia': Isabelle T. Kreindler, 'The Mordvinian Languages: A Survival Saga' (pp. 237-64); andJohn R. Krueger, 'Remarks on the Chuvash Language: Past, Present and Future' (pp. 265-74). The one paper in Part Five looks at a 'non-territorial language': Rakhmiel Peltz and Mark W. Kiel, 'Di Yiddish-Imperye: The Dashed Hopes for a Yiddish Cultural Empire in the Soviet Union' (pp. 277-309). Part Six, on Russian and the other languages, contains the two macro-studies: Harald Haarman, 'The Impact of Group Bilingualism in the SU' (pp. 3 I3-44), investigating the possibility of applying a Soviet-based model of group bilingualism to non-Soviet settings; and Isabelle T. Kreindler, 'The Non-Russian Languages and the Challenge of Russian: The Eastern versus the Western Tradition' (pp. 345-67), under- scoring (i) the campaign for a role for Russian beyond that of lingua franca and, at the same time, the solid western trend in the Soviet Union, and (ii) the fact, observable in so many other countries, that the nationalities themselves will determine their future. With 87% of non-Russians declaring their national language as their native tongue, and with 47,I00,000 Soviet citizens still ignorant of Russian as a first or second language, knowledge of Russian perhaps being concentrated among the middle-aged, we have a fascinating situation.

This is a thoroughly good collection, one more foundation stone in a most promising area for research. One may hope for more visitors to some of these far-flung, and in some cases climatically inhospitable, regions of the Soviet Union.

Queen Mary College J. IAN PRESS University of London

Kuraszkiewicz, W. with Olesch, R. (eds). Der polnische Wortbestand in J. Mqczyniskis Lexicon Latino-Polonicum aus dem Jahre i564. Bearbeitet und herausgegeben von Wiadyslaw Kuraszkiewicz unter Mitwirkung von Reinhold Olesch. Band II: Index a tergo. B6hlau Verlag, Cologne, Vienna, I 983. DM 68.oo.

CONTINUING his most valuable work in the lexicology of the Polish language Professor Kuraszkiewicz, with the collaboration of Reinhold Olesch, that staunch promoter of Polish studies, has produced a reverse index to Jan

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582 THE SLAVONIC REVIEW

Maczy'ski's Lexicon Latino-Polonicum of I564, the reprint of which, together with Kuraszkiewicz's dictionary of the Polish material in the Lexicon, was reviewed in thisjournal, vol. LII, PP. 452-57. The present volume differs in two respects from the reverse dictionaries already published as aids to Polish historical lexicology and morphology. These cover the dictionaries of Linde and Doroszewski, the writings ofJan Chryzostom Pasek and the Wizerunek of Mikolaj Rej. Firstly, unlike the first two works mentioned, this is not an index of headwords but of words found in the expository text. Secondly, it presents not one index to the total but fourteen lists, each one of a separate grammatical category: substantives, personal names, place names, composita, adjectives, declined participles, adverbs, numerals, pronouns, verbs, prepositions, con- junctions, particles, and interjections. The compiler treats declined participles as an adjectival class; the undeclined adverbial participles are not separately listed but subsumed, with other verbal forms, into the verbal category represented by the infinitive. Each entry is accompanied by a statement of frequency. The typographical lay-out is of admirable clarity.

Kuraszkiewicz's introduction is in three parts, the first concerned with methodological questions, the second with Ma4czyn'ski's speech-norms, the third with the composition of his vocabulary, and the relative frequency of its components. Some interesting comparisons of frequency in synonyms are given, for example, 258 ze, 159 iz, 53 dlatego, 40 bo, 20 gdyz, 3 bowiem, 2 poniewaz, abowiem and albowiem do not occur. The statistics given are misleading, since all occurrences of each word are included with no consideration of polysemy. Of the first three contexts for it, listed in the full dictionary of Mqczyn'ski's Polish vocabulary, not one exemplifies the causal usage of the conjunction. The researcher will have to do his own semantic spadework, but will be grateful for the help supplied. Comparison with the statistics given in the Slownik XVI-go wieku may reveal some interesting contrasts between Ma4czyni- ski's usage and that of other sixteenth-century writers.

Indirect evidence for Mqczyn'ski's own orthographic practice comes from the Polish version of the Lord's Prayer published in Bibliander's De ratione communi omnium linguarum of 1548 and K. Gesner's Mithridates of I555, which the late Professor Przemyslaw Zwolin'ski ascribed with great probability to the lexicographer. The orthography of the Lexicon was presumably normalized by Hieronim Malecki, who did not however succeed in removing all peculiarities of the manuscript; for example, the spellings chlieb and kroliestwo are met in the Lexicon as well as in the prayer.

The third section of the introduction supplies statistical tables which partly confirm expectations: the greatest overall frequency occurs with prepositions, followed at some distance by pronouns, with conjunctions a close third; particles come in a very late fourth, after which the rest of the field is miles behind, although occasional members of these groups do exhibit unusual frequency, e.g. I5I4 rzecz, 510miasto; 3601 byc, 777moc, 544czynic; 582wielki; I400 tez, 788 tak, 520 barzo; 804jeden. Lexicologists and comparativists will be grateful for what is virtually a frequency dictionary of sixteenth-century Polish. University of London H. LEEMING

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