“Gasförmige und flüssige synthetischeEnergieträger aus Biomasse ‐

Stand der Entwicklungen an der TU Wien”

Hermann HOFBAUER, TU Wien

gasification

product synthesis

biogasplant

gasificationplant

Fundamental Idea

Flowsheet of the CHP-PLANT GÜSSING

Gasifier

Producer Cooling & Cleaning

Flue gas Cooling &Cleaning

to Synthesis Plants

Experience: 60.000 hours of operation

CHP-Plant Güssing with castle of Güssing

Start of construction September 2000Start up January 2002

Fuel 2,2 to/h (Wood chips)

Water content 15 % (35 %)Fuel power 8 MWElectrical power 2 MWThermal power 4,5 MWElectrical efficiency 25 %Total efficiency 80 %

Total operation hours more than 60.000

Operator Biomasse-Kraftwerk Güssing

Supplier Austrian Energy / Repotec

CHP-PLANT GÜSSING (design data)

0102030405060708090

100

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Gasifier Gas Engine

Availabilities of the Güssing Plant

Start up201115 / 5,3Gas engine / ORCUlm, DE

operational201015 / 3,7Gas engineVillach, AT

operational20098,3 / 2,7Gas engine / ORCOberwart, AT

operational20028,0 / 2,0 Gas engineGüssing, AT

StatusStart upFuel / Electr. MW, MWel

ElectricityproductionLocation

Industrial Dual Fluidized Bed Steam Gasifiers

Dual Fluidized Bed SteamGasification Plant Oberwart

Anlage VillachInbetriebnahme Oktober 2010

http://www.swu.de/privatkunden/unternehmen/energie-wassergewinnung/holzgas-heizkraftwerk.html, Webcam, heute

Synthesis gas composition

Main gas Main gas componentscomponents

20-30mg/m3tar

2-3%C2H4

~10%CH4

20-25%CO2

22-25%CO

35-45%H2

~30ppmOrg. S

PossiblePossible poisonspoisons

< 20mg/Nm³dust

~3ppmHCl

~100ppmH2S

H2:CO 1.5:1 bis 2:1

Optimal for synthesis gas applications

BiomassGasification

Producer Gas (gas engine, gas turbine,

fuel cell)

Synthetic NaturalGas (SNG)

FT-Fuels(FT-Diesel)

Mixed Alcohols

Hydrogen (Rich Gas)

others

Biomass

The basic concept for Synthetic Products

BIOMASSBIOMASS--TOTO--SYNTHETICSYNTHETIC--NATURALNATURAL--GASGAS

BioSNGBioSNG--productionproduction

Biomass

Biomass gasificationBiomass gasification

Methanation (BioSNG)Fluidized bed reactor Temperature 300-350 °C Pressure 1-5 barCapacity ~ 10 Nm³/h Catalyst Nickel

CO + 3 H2 = CH4 + H2O

Methanation (Production of Synthetic Natural Gas, BioSNG)

Gasification

WoodGas

Cleaning

FluegasTreatment

Gas Engine

Ash

GasTreatment Methanation SNG

Purification

Power

SNG FuelingStation

Bio-SNG Fuel

H2 Recycle Streams

Fluegas

CO2 + H2S / Heavy HC

Energy, Liquid & SolidWaste

Rev. 4 / DU / 24.9.2006

CO2 Product (to substitute N2)

Energy,Water& otherMaterials

Flow Sheet of 1 MW BioSNG Demonstration Plant

Biomass GasifierGas

CatalystCH4

Heat

Heat

100 %70–75 % 60–64 %

Energetic Efficiency of BioSNG Process Chain

Gas Transformation through BioSNG-Plant

n.d.< 0,1100ppmSulphur

42 - 31%N2

0,70,1 - 2,02 - 4%>C2

9440 - 459 - 11%CH4

0,345 - 5020 - 22%CO2

0,10,1 - 0,423 -27%CO

0,85 - 738 - 42%H2

After SeparationBio-SNG

After Gas Cleaning and Methanation

Syngasafter Gasifier

14,00kWh/m3Wobbe Index

10,61kWh/m3GCV

0,57-Rel. Density

< 0,01%H20

14,00kWh/m3Wobbe Index

10,61kWh/m3GCV

0,57-Rel. Density

< 0,01%H20

H-Gas Qualityη > 60 %

Folie 18

BioSNG Demo Technikum of BE2020+

BioSNG Fuelling StationGasifier

Establishment of location Güssing as international visible platform for development & testing of synthetic biofuels

Laboratory & demo plant for FT-fuelsLaboratory plant for mixed alcoholsLaboratory plant for hydrogen separation & PEM fuel cellAnalytical devices (GC, GC-MS, tar measurements …)

Development of Bio-SNG production from Biomass

2002 2006 2010 2014

PSITest Rig

GüssingDemo Plant

Göteborg EnergyIndustrial Plant

Location of Gobigas Project

BIOMASSBIOMASS--TOTO--FISCHERFISCHER--TROPSCHTROPSCH

Example: Fischer-Tropsch

GASIFICATION SYNTHESIS

CO + H2(C6H10O5)n

Carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) bound in wood

C- and H-building blocks

WOOD SYNTHESIS GAS

Fischer-Tropschhydrocarbons

CnH2n+2-CH2- + H2O

Hydrocarbon„monomer“ -CH2-

CARBON CHAIN FT-PRODUCT

CH2

CH22

Chemical Route to SYNTHETIC FT-FUELS

BioFiTBioFiT–– liquid fuel productionliquid fuel production

Biomass

Biomass gasificationBiomass gasification

Fischer-Tropsch BioFiTSlurry bed reactor Temperature 200-300°C Pressure 20-30 barCapacity ~ 10 Nm³/h Catalyst 2005: Iron

2006: Cobalt2007: commercial catalyst

nCO + 2nH2 = nCH2 + nH2O

Fischer Tropsch Synthesis

( Chain Growth Probability: alpha = 0,85 )

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 6 11 16 21 26 31Number C-Atoms

Mas

s-%

Gas Gasoline Diesel Waxes

Gas12%Wachse

17%

Diesel36%

Benzin35%

Distribution of FT-Raw Product

-5 to 0 -20 -°C Cold Filter Plugging Point, (CFPP)

< 12 25 -g/m³Oxidation stability 2.3 to 2.54,50 2,00 mm²/s Viscosity at 40°C

< 5 25 -g/m³Oxidation stability

class 1 a class 1 rating Copper strip corrosion (3h at 50 °C)

2 to 424 -mg/kg Total contamination < 0,00150,01 -%(m/m) Ash content

< 0,030,30 -%(m/m) Carbon residue 87 to 91->55 °C Flash point

< 550 -mg/kg Sulphur content < 1 --%(m/m) Total aromatics content

< 111 -%(m/m) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

770-790845 820 kg/m³Density at 15 oC75-85-51,0 -Cetane number

maxmin Results of FT Diesel EN 590:2004 Unit Properties

Selected Properties of FT-Diesel

Fischer Tropsch Plant – 1 Barrel per Day

Economy of Scale

115

83

6359 55

cents/L

Polygeneration

Gestehungskosten für Treibstoffe aus Holz bei Polygeneration

Holzpreis 16 €/MWh (1,6 cent/kWh, 70 €/to)

Nutzungsdauer der Anlage 15 Jahre

Fremdkapitalzinssatz 5 %

Wärmeerlöse 20 €/MWh (2,0 cent/kWh, Marktpreis)

Stromerlöse 100-140 €/MWh

BioFiT (FT-Kraftstoff aus Holz) 0,85-1,10 €/LiterBioSNG (Synthetisches Erdgas) 0,65-0,80 €/m3

Anlagengröße 30-50 MW Brennstoffwärmeleistung

Thank you for your attention !

BioFiTBIOMASSBIOMASS--TOTO--FISCHERFISCHER--TROPSCHTROPSCH

BioSNGBIOMASSBIOMASS--TOTO--SYNTHETICSYNTHETIC--NATURALNATURAL--GASGASBioBio

BioH2BIOMASS-TO-HYDROGEN