title paras ji...VANGMAYA GAURVAM =Sekfldh ewY;kf³~drlaLd`r‘kks/kif=dk (A Referred Sanskrit Research Journal) o”kZe~ % 4] vad% 14] tuojh&ekpZ 2018 iz/kkulaiknd%

Okk³~e; xkSjoe~Okk³~e; xkSjoe~Okk³~e; xkSjoe~Okk³~e; xkSjoe~Okk³~e; xkSjoe~VANGMAYA GAURVAM

=SekfldhewY;kf³~drlaLd`r‘kks/kif=dk

(A Referred Sanskrit Research Journal)

o”kZe~ % 4] vad% 14] tuojh&ekpZ 2018

iz/kkulaiknd%MkW- vlxj glu lkewu%MkW- vlxj glu lkewu%MkW- vlxj glu lkewu%MkW- vlxj glu lkewu%MkW- vlxj glu lkewu%

iz/kkulfpo%mPpf’k{kkfoHkkx% tEewd’ehjloZdkj%] tEew%AmPpf’k{kkfoHkkx% tEewd’ehjloZdkj%] tEew%AmPpf’k{kkfoHkkx% tEewd’ehjloZdkj%] tEew%AmPpf’k{kkfoHkkx% tEewd’ehjloZdkj%] tEew%AmPpf’k{kkfoHkkx% tEewd’ehjloZdkj%] tEew%A

lEiknd%MkW- ikjl ‘kkL=hMkW- ikjl ‘kkL=hMkW- ikjl ‘kkL=hMkW- ikjl ‘kkL=hMkW- ikjl ‘kkL=h

vflLVsaV çksQslj jktdh;egkfo|ky;% lqUnjcuh

Okk³~e; xkSjoe~ o”kZe~ 4Okk³~e; xkSjoe~ o”kZe~ 4Okk³~e; xkSjoe~ o”kZe~ 4Okk³~e; xkSjoe~ o”kZe~ 4Okk³~e; xkSjoe~ o”kZe~ 4 vad%&vad%&vad%&vad%&vad%&1414141414] tuojh&ekpZ ] tuojh&ekpZ ] tuojh&ekpZ ] tuojh&ekpZ ] tuojh&ekpZ 20182018201820182018

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vkbZ,l,l,u~vkbZ,l,l,u~vkbZ,l,l,u~vkbZ,l,l,u~vkbZ,l,l,u~ : 2320&64542320&64542320&64542320&64542320&6454

98

izdk’kd%izdk’kd%izdk’kd%izdk’kd%izdk’kd%mPpf’k{kkfoHkkx% tEewdk’ehjloZdkj% ,oatEewdk’ehjlaLd`rifj”kne~] tEew%A

lnL;rk‘k qYde~lnL;rk‘k qYde~lnL;rk‘k qYde~lnL;rk‘k qYde~lnL;rk‘k qYde~,d izfr’kqYde~ #0 50 #I;dkf.kAokf”kZd’kqYde~ #0 250 #I;dkf.kAiap&okf”kZd’kqYde~ #0 1100 #I;dkf.kA

‘k qYdçnkuçdkj%‘k qYdçnkuçdkj%‘k qYdçnkuçdkj%‘k qYdçnkuçdkj%‘k qYdçnkuçdkj%cSad/kukns’k% ¼Mh0 Mh0½ vFkok lh0 Vh0 lh0 pSd ek/;esu

¼lfpo% tEewd’ehj laLd`r ifj”kne~] tEew%½Mode of payment

Demand Draft, Money order or by CTC Cheque

(In favour of Secretary, Jammu Kashmir Sanskrit Society, Jammu )

ISSN : 2320-6454

© tEew d’ehj laLd`r ifj”kne~] tEew%A

© Jammu and Kashmir Sanskrit Society, Jammu.

eqnzd %eqnzd %eqnzd %eqnzd %eqnzd %f’kok fizaVlZ lehis v;qosZfnd vkS”k/;kyk;% iykS<+k%] tEew% &181121

lEidZlw=% & 9419740729] ] ] ] ] 9419184367

E-mail : mkenterpreses8 @gmail.com

dk;k Zy;%dk;k Zy;%dk;k Zy;%dk;k Zy;%dk;k Zy;%

mPpf’k{kkfoHkkx% tEewd’ehjloZdkj%

flfoylfpoky;% tEew% 180001lEidZ lw=k% 0191-2542880] 0191-2546454]

0194-2506062] 9419015150E-mail : [email protected]

www. jkhighereducation.nic.in

ddddd


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99

laj{kd%laj{kd%laj{kd%laj{kd%laj{kd%ekuuh;% f’k{kkeU=h] lS;n eksgEen vYrkQ+ cq[kkjh egksn;k%]tEewdk’ehj] tEewAekuuh;k% jkT;eU=h] Jherh fiz;k lsBh egksn;k%] tEewdk’ehj] tEewA

ç/kkulaiknd%ç/kkulaiknd%ç/kkulaiknd%ç/kkulaiknd%ç/kkulaiknd%MkW- vlxj glu lkewu egksn;k%]ç/kkulfpo% mPpf’k{kkfoHkkx%tEewdk’ehjloZdkj%] tEewA

lEiknd%lEiknd%lEiknd%lEiknd%lEiknd%MkW- ikjl ‘kkL=h]vflLVsaV çksQslj jktdh;egkfo|ky;% lqUnjcuhA

ijke’k Znkrkijke’k Znkrkijke’k Znkrkijke’k Znkrkijke’k Znkrk

izks- Qrs flag çkpk;Z% jk”Vª;laLd`rlaLFkkuekfurfo’ofo|ky;%] dksVHkycky tEew%A

izks- je.khdk tykyh] laLd`r iwoZfoHkkxk/;{kk] tEewfo’ofo|ky;% tEew%A

çks- dsnkjukFk’kekZ] laLd`rfoHkkxk/;{k% tEew fo’ofo|ky;% tEe%wAçks- lR;Hkkek jkt+nku] laLd`rfoHkkxk/;{kk] d’ehjfo’ofo|ky;%] Jhuxje~Açks- jke cgknqj ‘kqDy%] laLd`rfoHkkx% tEewfo’ofo|ky;% tEew%A

lEiknd&e.Mye~lEiknd&e.Mye~lEiknd&e.Mye~lEiknd&e.Mye~lEiknd&e.Mye~

MkW- lU/;k] vflLVsaV çksQslj] jktdh;egkfo|ky;% lkEck] tEew%A

MkW- jkts’k‘kekZ%] vflLVsaV çksQslj jktdh;efgykegkfo|ky;% ijsM] tEew%A

MkW- fotsUnzdqekj%] vflLVsaV çksQslj jktdh;egkfo|ky;% vkj-,l-iqjk]tEew%A

MkW- ih;w”k ckyk] vUosf”kdk] jk”Vªh;ik.Mqfyfife’kue~] tEew%A

Jh ‘kqHkdqekj‘kekZ%] vflLVsaV çksQslj jktdh;egkfo|ky;% dBqvk%A

Jh latho mik/;k;%] vflLVsaV çksQslj jktdh;efgykegkfo|ky;% Å/keiqje~A

dk;k Zy;%dk;k Zy;%dk;k Zy;%dk;k Zy;%dk;k Zy;%

tEewdk’ehjlaLd`rifj”kne~42@11 xqM+kdsj.kojukbZ jksM curyko%] tEew% &181123lEidZ lw=k% 9419147073] ] ] ] ] 9906071473E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

[ k[ k[ k[ k[ k


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100

ok³~e; xkSjoe~ok³~e; xkSjoe~ok³~e; xkSjoe~ok³~e; xkSjoe~ok³~e; xkSjoe~

vuqØef.kdkvuqØef.kdkvuqØef.kdkvuqØef.kdkvuqØef.kdkfo”k;fo”k;fo”k;fo”k;fo”k; ukeukeukeukeuke i`”B la[; i`”B la[; i`”B la[; i`”B la[; i`”B la[;

lEikndh;e~ 1 & 2

1- vkSifu’kfnda v/;kRefpUrue~ çksñ dsnkj ukFk “kekZ% 3 & 11

2- 'kkL=k.kka fl)kfUrdi{kk% MkW- ikjl ‘kkL=h 12 & 17

3- laLd`r ok³~e;s vFkZO;oLFkk MkW- nhikyh [ktwfj;k 18 & 21

4- okLrqlkS[;L; ifj”khyua

rL; ys[kdL; fooj.kŒp “kqHk dqekj% 22 & 25

5- laL—rok³~e; esa uhfr’kkL=h; xzUFkksa

dh ijEijk mn~Hko ,oa fodkl çks0 jkecgknqj ‘kqDy 26 & 34

6- oSfnd lkfgR; esa lekt

dY;k.k dh Hkkouk MkWŒ lU/;k 35 & 40

7- oSfnd/kkjk dk ikSjkf.kd/kkjk ij izHkko MkW- fotsUnz dqekj 41 & 48

8- oSfnd “kksM~’k ¼lksyg½ laLdkj MkW0 eerk ‘kekZ 49 & 57

9- Le`fr;ksa esa nk'kZfud fpUru bUnz thr 58 & 63

10- Le`fr;ksa ,oa uhfrdkjksa ds

vuqlkj dj iz.kkyh latho mik/;k; 64 & 72

11- izkphudky esa d`‘kd dk egÙo MkWŒ vkse çdk”k 73 & 78

12- d”ehj foospu & “kkjnkns”k ls ysdj

vk/kqfud ifjos”k rd MkW- jkts’k ‘kekZ 79 & 83

13- egkdfo ek?k dk uhfrdyk

lEcUèkh foe'kZ iwue 'kekZ 84 & 89

14- Iœvar Kaul’s Conscept of Sandhi:

Critical Analysis Prof. Satyabhama Razdan 90 & 95

15- ‘kks/kys[k fo”k;d fn’kkfunsZ’k 96

xxxxx


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1

lEikndh;e~lEikndh;e~lEikndh;e~lEikndh;e~lEikndh;e~

laxPN/oa laon/oa laoks eukafl tkurke~AlaxPN/oa laon/oa laoks eukafl tkurke~AlaxPN/oa laon/oa laoks eukafl tkurke~AlaxPN/oa laon/oa laoks eukafl tkurke~AlaxPN/oa laon/oa laoks eukafl tkurke~Ansok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwosZ latukuk miklrsAnsok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwosZ latukuk miklrsAnsok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwosZ latukuk miklrsAnsok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwosZ latukuk miklrsAnsok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwosZ latukuk miklrsA

çkphudkys ;k egf”kZ d’;isu LFkkfirk tEewd’ehj/kfj=h lkalkfjdtukuka e/;s /kfjO;kaLoxZ:is.k lekn`rs orZrsA ;k [kyq osnkuka] iqjk.kkuke~] ‘kkL=k.kka _”kh.kka eg”khZ.kka p çk.kHkw%] ;=fojktrs LoaHkw%] f’ko%] ;= fojktrs f’k[kjk.kkEkf/kjktks fgeky;%] ;= çogfr >sye unh] ;=vfHkuoxqIr%] eEeV%] {ksesUnz%] dYg.k%] foYg.k%] olqxqIrkn;’p cHkwoq%] rfLeu~ jkT;s laLd`rôk³~e; xkSjoe~*ôk³~e; xkSjoe~*ôk³~e; xkSjoe~*ôk³~e; xkSjoe~*ôk³~e; xkSjoe~* bfr lek[;krk =Sekfld ‘kks/kif=dk tEewdk’ehj jkT;ljdkjL; mPpf’k{kkfoHkkx,oa p tEewdk’ehj laLd`r ifj”knL; ijLij lg;ksxsu çkdk’k;rs bfr egfr g”kZL; fo”k;ks·fLrAegkfo|ky;kuka v/;kidkuka vFkdifjJeL;s b;a ‘kks/kif=dk Qy:ik orZrsA lR;a dFk;fUr_”k;% &

^m|esu fg fl/;fUr dk;kZf.k u euksjFkS%A^m|esu fg fl/;fUr dk;kZf.k u euksjFkS%A^m|esu fg fl/;fUr dk;kZf.k u euksjFkS%A^m|esu fg fl/;fUr dk;kZf.k u euksjFkS%A^m|esu fg fl/;fUr dk;kZf.k u euksjFkS%Au fg lqIrL; flagL; izfo’kfUr eq[ks e`xk%AA*u fg lqIrL; flagL; izfo’kfUr eq[ks e`xk%AA*u fg lqIrL; flagL; izfo’kfUr eq[ks e`xk%AA*u fg lqIrL; flagL; izfo’kfUr eq[ks e`xk%AA*u fg lqIrL; flagL; izfo’kfUr eq[ks e`xk%AA*

tEewdk’ehjljdkjL; mís’;s”kq laLd`r lkfgR;L; lao/kZua] fofHkUu fo”k;s”kq ‘kks/kdk;Za]fofo/kHkk”kklq vuqokndk;Za pkfLrA fofo/kklq Hkk”kklq tufiz;k% ,rkn`’kk% vusds lkfgR;dkjk%]dFkkdkjk%] do;%] ys[kdk’p lfUrA ;s”kka laLd`r lkfgR;a ifBrqa lkekftdk% lnSo mRlqdk%HkofUrA laLd`rlkfgR;s _XosnknkjH; ykSfddlaLd`rlkfgR;i;ZUra O;kida oSKkfudfoospuafo|rsA bna foospue~ vk/kqfudkuka leL;kuka lek/kkua] rnqik;kuka pksYys[kks·= i;ZkIr:is.k izkI;rsA ,oa izdkjs.k laLd`rlkfgR;s fofo/kHkk”kkxzUFkkuke~ vuqokn% rsu izek.ksuuk·Hkor~ ;su izek.ksu vko’;d% vklhr~A izkphudkys·LekfHk% _f”kfHk%] if.Mro;SZ’p

oSKkfud&fo”k;s”kq ;s xzUFkk% iz.khrk%] rs”kka xEHkhje/;;ua fo/kk;k/kqfudn`”V;k rs”kka izfriknua fo/ks;e~A

vusu HkkjrL; izkphu oSKkfud&fo”k;k.kkek/kqfud&foKkusu lk/kZa leUo;% L;kr~A oSSKkfud&fo”k;k.kka

{ks=s vuqlU/kkuL; uo izknqHkZkoks Hkosr~A fo’ook³~e;s”kq laLd`ra Js”BjRue~ bfr u dsoya Hkkjrsvfirq lexzfo’os ,rn~fo”k;s fu.kZ;dr`fHk% tuS% Lohd`re~A O;kdj.k&/ofu’kkL=&n`”Vîkfo’oL; dk·fi Hkk”kk laLdrHkk”kkor~ mUurk ukfLrA laLd`rHkk”kk;k% çkphuk% vR;qPpdksfVdk’pjpuk% Loh;s xq.ks] ‘kfDr’kkfyfu ekSfydRos] lkSUn;sZ] lkjrÙos] okDrÙoL; oSHkos] vkSnÙos oS’kkY;s pfo’oL;] lEiw.kZ{k=s vxzi³~DrkS fojktUrsA

b;a Hkk”kk rnk tuHkk”kk:is.k fo|ekuk vklhr~ ;nk ns’kks·;a fo’os txn~xq#%lqo.kZpVdsR;kfnfHk% laKkfHk% vfHk/kh;rs LeA bnkuhefi dspu fo’ofo|ky;k%] egkfo|ky;k%]

fo|kihBkfu] ikB’kkyk’p ‘kklukuqnkukr~] /kfud oxZk.kka vkfFkZdlkgk¸;su ok laL—rkfo|kuka iBus

ikBus·uqlU/kkus] xzUFkkuka izdk’kus lEiknus ok fujrkfu lfUr] fdUrq r= Nk=k.kka la[;k izfro”kZa gzkla

;kfrA laL—ra yksdHkk”kk Hkorq] tuk% laL—rlEHkk”k.ks p izoh.kk HkoUrq bfr fopk;Z ôk³~e; xkSjoe~*ôk³~e; xkSjoe~*ôk³~e; xkSjoe~*ôk³~e; xkSjoe~*ôk³~e; xkSjoe~*


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2

bfr ukEuk =Sekfld ‘kks/kif=dk lEçfr çdk’;ekuke~A

laL—rfo”k;L;k/;kiua fo|ky;s”kq] egkfo|ky;s”kq fo’ofo|ky;s”kq p laL—rek/;esuSo HkosrA

fdUrq Jw;rs ;r~ laL—rfo’ofo|ky;s”kq fo}kal% izk;’kks ekr`Hkk”k;Sok/;kiua dqoZfUrA ,”kk fLFkfrfuZrjka

‘kkspuh;k·fLrA laL—r&egkfo|ky;s”kq] laL—r&fo’ofo|ky;s”kq] jkf”Vª;&laL—r&laLFkus”kq] laL—r&fo|k&’kks/k&

dsUnzs”kq] laL—r&’kks/k&laLFkklq p osn&osnk³~x&n’kZuiqjk.k&rU=&lkfgR; f‘kYikfndkuka xzUFkkuke/;;ua fpUrue~

v/;kiua ok vR;Ur;k ljy;k laL—r&Hkk”k;So loZnSo Hkosr~A

^l³~?ks ‘kfDr% dykS;qxs*^l³~?ks ‘kfDr% dykS;qxs*^l³~?ks ‘kfDr% dykS;qxs*^l³~?ks ‘kfDr% dykS;qxs*^l³~?ks ‘kfDr% dykS;qxs* opufena lR;e³~xh—R; laL—rKk% laL—rkuqjkfx.k’p ;= dq=kfi

fr”BfUr] rs losZ lEHkw; Lo’kDR;k laL—r&Hkk”kk;k% lkfgR;L; ‘kkL=k.kka p izpkjk; izlkjk; laj{kk.kk; p

n`<r;k layXuk% Hkos;q%A ‘kkL=Kk% ‘kkL=k.kka oSKkfud&n`”V~;k uwru&foospuka dq;aqZ% bfr ee çkFkukA

ok³~e; xkSjoe~ =Sekfldh ‘kks/kif=dk laLd`rHkk”kk;k% ifjo/kZuk; lg;ksxh Hkfo”;fr] bR;ga

eU;sA b;a if=dk Louohu:is yksde/;s lathouh:is Hkfo”;fr] bfr fo’okl%A vr,o fuosnua fo|rs

;r~ fofHkUufo”k;ku~ vf/k—R; laL—r’kks/kif=dkuka çdk’kuh;e~ ,oa p fo|ky;s] egkfo|ky;s]

fo’ofo|ky;s] ‘kkludk;kZy;s] dsUæxzUFkky;s] jkT;xzUFkky;s p laL—r’kks/kif=dka miyCÄ —Rok

laL—rkuqjkfx.kka Nk=k.kka —rs p laL—rk/;;ukFkZa izksRlkgua nkrO;e~A ;fn bna egŸkea dk;Ze~ Hkfo”;fr

rfgZ laL—rL; izpkjizlkj% Hkfo”;frA vusu izdkjs.k vLekda jkT;s iqu% laL—rHkk”kk Loçkphu:ie~

vf/kxfe”;frA

ç/kku lEiknd%MkW- vlxj glu lkewuMkW- vlxj glu lkewuMkW- vlxj glu lkewuMkW- vlxj glu lkewuMkW- vlxj glu lkewu

ç/kkulfpo% mPpf’k{kkfoHkkx%tEewd’ehjloZdkj%] tEew%


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3

*vkSifu’kfnda v/;kRefpUrue~**vkSifu’kfnda v/;kRefpUrue~**vkSifu’kfnda v/;kRefpUrue~**vkSifu’kfnda v/;kRefpUrue~**vkSifu’kfnda v/;kRefpUrue~*

çksñ dsnkj ukFk “kekZçksñ dsnkj ukFk “kekZçksñ dsnkj ukFk “kekZçksñ dsnkj ukFk “kekZçksñ dsnkj ukFk “kekZv/;{k] laLd`r foHkkx%

tEew fo”ofo|;ky;%]tEew%

laf{kfIrdklaf{kfIrdklaf{kfIrdklaf{kfIrdklaf{kfIrdk & Hkkjrh;nk”kZfuds’kq vk/;kfReds’kq p fpUrus’kq osnkuka mifu’knk´~pkfLregÙoiw.kZa ;ksxnkue~A mifu’kRlq v/;kRefo|k;k% lkjxfHkZra lqfu;ksftr´~p o.kZueqiyH;rsAvLekda _’kh.kka izKk;k% foy{k.ka fun”kZuefLr mifu’kRlkfgR;e~A tho&txRijekFkZrÙofo’k;sHkkjrh;euh’kh.kka rkfÙoda oSKkfud´~p Kkueqifu’kRlq lax`ghre~A *;fRi.Ms rn~ czãk.Ms*;fRi.Ms rn~ czãk.Ms*;fRi.Ms rn~ czãk.Ms*;fRi.Ms rn~ czãk.Ms*;fRi.Ms rn~ czãk.Ms* bfrokD;euqljUrks·Lekda iwoZtk% ekuothous vk/;kReL; egÙoiw.kZa LFkkua Lohd`roUr%A

vk/;kfRedn`’V~;k mfiu’kRlq iz/kkur;k ;|fi czã&tho&txnkfnfo’k;s’kq ,o xguafpUrua miyH;rs] ijUrq xkS.k:is.k Hkkjrh;laLd`rs% fof/k&i{kk.kka] lnkpkjL;] uSfrdewY;kuka]f=oxZL; ¼/kekZFkZdkekuka½ pkfi o.kZue= n`“;rsA izLrkfors “kks/ki=s mifu’kRlq of.kZre/;kRefpUruarRlkj´~p la{ksis.k izLrks’;rsA

cht&inkfu& cht&inkfu& cht&inkfu& cht&inkfu& cht&inkfu& v}Sre~] vijkfo|k] vk/;kRee~] mifu’kr~] dks”ke;%] tho%] txr~] }Sre~]ijkfo|k] izLFkku=;h] izk.ke;%] ijkf´~p[kkfu] fotj%] fof”k’Vk}Sre~] foe`R;q%] foKkue;%]foLQqfy³~xk%] foo`.kqrs] l`f’V%] ywrkA

mi&fuiwoZdL; fo”kj.k&xR;olknukFkZL; ‘kn~y`/kkrks% fDocUrL; mifu’kn~ bfrinL; *mifu’knfr izkIuksfr czãkReHkkoks·u;k bfr mifu’kn~* bfr O;qRifÙkyH;ks·FkZ%A1

*czãfo|k* bR;sr;k laK;k vfHkfgrk% mifu’kn% ijkfo|k bfr insukfi O;ifn”;UrsA rklqczã.k% vkReuks ok Lo:iL;] rnokIR;qik;L;] thoL;] txrÜp o.kZuiwoZda Hkkjrh;laLd`rsfoZfo/k&i{kkuka]thouewY;kuka] uSfrdkn”kkZuka fd´~p vk/;kfRedfo|k;k% xw<rekuka jgL;kuk´~pfo”knr;k o.kZua fofgra egf’kZfHk%A Hkkjrh;n”kZulkfgR;s osnku~ voYkEcekua ekuothouL;pjea y{;a rnokfIrlk/ku´~p mins”k;Ur% mifu’kn~ Hkxon~xhrk& O;kliz.khra czãlw=´~psfrlfUr =;% izLFkkuxzUFkk%A ;s *izLFkku=;h* bR;sr;k laK;k fo}Rlq lqfofnrk%A izLFkku=¸;kefixhrk czãlw=´~psfr };efi mifu’knkJ;esoA vr% izLFkku=¸;ka mifu’kn ,o eguh;rek%]vr% rk ,o ijeizek.kRosu laxzkák%A eq.Mdksifu’kfn osnknhuka x.kuk vijk&fo|k;kafo|rs] mifu’kn~k´~p ijkfo|k;ke~A vijkfo|kykSfddfo’k;s iz/kkuk]ijk p czãKkuiz/kkukvr ,o mP;r s&r=kijk _Xo snk s ;t qo Z sn % ] vFk ijk ;;k rn{kjef/ kxE;r sAr=kijk _Xo snk s ;t qo Z sn % ] vFk ijk ;;k rn{kjef/ kxE;r sAr=kijk _Xo snk s ;t qo Z sn % ] vFk ijk ;;k rn{kjef/ kxE;r sAr=kijk _Xo snk s ;t qo Z sn % ] vFk ijk ;;k rn{kjef/ kxE;r sAr=kijk _Xo snk s ;t qo Z sn % ] vFk ijk ;;k rn{kjef/ kxE;r sA 2

mifu’knka la[;k fuf”prk ukfLrA eqfädksifu’kfn v’VksÙkj”krksifu’knka lwph yH;rsA3 ijar=Sokxrsu *loksZifUk’knka e/;s lkje’VksÙkj”kre~**loksZifUk’knka e/;s lkje’VksÙkj”kre~**loksZifUk’knka e/;s lkje’VksÙkj”kre~**loksZifUk’knka e/;s lkje’VksÙkj”kre~**loksZifUk’knka e/;s lkje’VksÙkj”kre~* bfr okD;su Kk;rs ;n~ mifu’knka la[;k


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4

v’VksÙkj”krrks·I;f/kdk vklhr~A lkEizra foa”kR;f/kdn f}”kra mifu’kn miyH;UrsA izkIrklqfoa”kR;qÙkjf}”krla[;kdklq mifu’kRlq bZ”k&dsu&dB&iz”u&eq.Md&ek.MwD;& rSfÙkjh;&,srjs;&NkUnksX;&c‘gnkj.;d &ÜosrkÜorjksifu’kn%A ,rk% “k³~djkpk;ZHkk’;Hkwf’krRokn~ vfregÙoiw.kkZ%yksdfiz;kÜp lfUrA

izR;sdk mifu’kr~ dsukfi osnsu lac)k orZrsA mifu’kRlq dk”puksifu’kn% i|e;%]dk”pux|e;%] dk”pu”p x|&i|e;% lfUrA dk mifu’kr~ dnk jfprkHkor~] bfr fo’k;s fo}RlqerSD;ka ukfLrA ija ,rn~ fuf”pra ;n~ mifu’knka jpuk ,dfLeu~ dkys uSokHkor~] vfi rqfHkUu&fHkUu dky[k.Ms’kq rs’kka jpukHkor~A iz/kkuksifu’knks jpuk cq)kRizkxso vtk;r bfr bfrgklkfonkaere~A mifu’kn~xzUFks’kq v}Sr&fof”k’Vk}Sr&}Srizfrikndkuka JqfrokD;kuka vfLrRoa fo|rsA ,rLekn~,o dkj.kkr~ vnSrkfnokfnfHk% vkpk;ZS% Lo&Lo fl)kUrkuqdqykfu JqfrokD;kfu mn~/k`R; Lo&LoHkk’;s.kv}Sr&fof”k’Vk}Sr&}Sr&erkfu izfrikfnrkfuA “k³~dj% LoHkk’;s.k v}Sre~] Jhjkekuqtkpk;Z%fof”k’Vk}Sre~] ek/okpk;Z”p }Sra izfrikfnroku~A

1- mifu’knk a izeq[krek% izfrik|fo’k;k%&1- mifu’knk a izeq[krek% izfrik|fo’k;k%&1- mifu’knk a izeq[krek% izfrik|fo’k;k%&1- mifu’knk a izeq[krek% izfrik|fo’k;k%&1- mifu’knk a izeq[krek% izfrik|fo’k;k%&mifu’kRlq ;s fo’k;k% izfrikfnrk% rs’kq tho&czã&bZ”ojk.kka Lo:ie~] thokReuks

y{;e~] vkReku% Lo:ia] tho&czã.kksjSD;e~] l`’Vs% ewy:ie~] txr% izy;skn;kS] v/;kReKkuL;egÙoe~] eks{kkokIrs% lk/kukfu] czãlRdkjL; ykHkk% bR;kn;% lfUrA ,rs’ofi vkRekuksczã.kks ok Lo:ie~] czã] thokRek txr~ p izzk/kkU;su foosfprk%A i=L;kfxzei`’Bs’kq ,rs’kka ,oleklsu foospua fdz;rs&

2- mifu’kRlq vkRefoospue2- mifu’kRlq vkRefoospue2- mifu’kRlq vkRefoospue2- mifu’kRlq vkRefoospue2- mifu’kRlq vkRefoospue~&mifu’knka iz/kku% izfrik|ks fo’k; vkRek ,o vfLrA lafgrklq vkj.;dxzUFks’kq p czã

vkReuks fHkUua bR;srsu :is.k izfrikfnrefLr ijUrq mifu’kRlq *czã vkRekuks u*czã vkRekuks u*czã vkRekuks u*czã vkRekuks u*czã vkRekuks u fHkUue~*fHkUue~*fHkUue~*fHkUue~*fHkUue~*bR;srsu izdkjs.k O;k[;krefLrA czãkReuksjfHkUuRokr~& *vkReSo ,d% loZ= u p vkRekuavkReSo ,d% loZ= u p vkRekuavkReSo ,d% loZ= u p vkRekuavkReSo ,d% loZ= u p vkRekuavkReSo ,d% loZ= u p vkRekuafogk; dks·fi vU;% inkFkZ%*fogk; dks·fi vU;% inkFkZ%*fogk; dks·fi vU;% inkFkZ%*fogk; dks·fi vU;% inkFkZ%*fogk; dks·fi vU;% inkFkZ%* bfr mifu’kRlq foospue~A vkReRkÙoa iw.kZefLrA ukfLr fdeficzãk.Ms rn~ O;frfjäe~A vkReSo nz’Vk l ,o p n`“;%A n`’V&n`“;;ksuZkfLr dks·fi Hksn%A vkReSoloZO;kih orZrsA fo”oL; losZ’ofi inkFkZs’kq l ,o O;kIrks·fLrA vkReU;so lexzL;kfi izi´~pL;y;ksHkofrA uSokfLr rrks O;frfjäa fdefiA4 v;ekRek iki”kwU;ks·tjks·ejks fo”kksd% {kfqRiiklkjfgr%lR;ladYi”pkfLrA l ,o vUos’VO;ks foftKkflrO;”pkfLrA vkReKkuh lokZu~ yksdku~ lokZu~dkeka”pkokIuksfrA5

3- loZa [kfYona czã&3- loZa [kfYona czã&3- loZa [kfYona czã&3- loZa [kfYona czã&3- loZa [kfYona czã&mifu’knka ers vkReijekRe;ksuZ dks·fi Hksn%A v= czã ,o vkRek bR;srsu laK;k lacksf/kr%A

mifu’kRlq vk/;kfRedku~ jgL;ku~ leqn~?kkV;u~ *loZa [kfYona czã**loZa [kfYona czã**loZa [kfYona czã**loZa [kfYona czã**loZa [kfYona czã*6 bfr izfrikfnre~A txfr n`“;avn`“;a pja vpja ok loZa oLrq czã ,oA l ,o l`f’Va jp;keklA7 czã ,o txr% fufeÙka miknkua pdkj.ka vfLrA *;Fkk&yqrk rUrqdk;Za izfr Loiz/kkUkr;k fufeÙka Lo”kjhjiz/kkUkr;ksinkua p HkofrA8 rFkSo


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5

czã ¼ijekRek½ vfi fouSo ckálgk¸;SfZuZt;k “kDR;k l`’Vs% miknkudkj.ke~ ,oa p pSrU;ka”kizk/kkU;kr~fufeÙkdkj.k ~p HkofrA eq.Mdksifu’kn~ vkg& ywrk ;Fkk LoukH;k rUrqa l`trs] rsuSo x`g~.kkfr]ywrk ;Fkk LoukH;k rUrqa l`trs] rsuSo x`g~.kkfr]ywrk ;Fkk LoukH;k rUrqa l`trs] rsuSo x`g~.kkfr]ywrk ;Fkk LoukH;k rUrqa l`trs] rsuSo x`g~.kkfr]ywrk ;Fkk LoukH;k rUrqa l`trs] rsuSo x`g~.kkfr]i`fFkO;ka vks’k/k;% lEHkofUr] iq#’kkr~ ds”kyksEkfu lEHkofUr] rFkSo vuÜojkr~ czã.kks foi`fFkO;ka vks’k/k;% lEHkofUr] iq#’kkr~ ds”kyksEkfu lEHkofUr] rFkSo vuÜojkr~ czã.kks foi`fFkO;ka vks’k/k;% lEHkofUr] iq#’kkr~ ds”kyksEkfu lEHkofUr] rFkSo vuÜojkr~ czã.kks foi`fFkO;ka vks’k/k;% lEHkofUr] iq#’kkr~ ds”kyksEkfu lEHkofUr] rFkSo vuÜojkr~ czã.kks foi`fFkO;ka vks’k/k;% lEHkofUr] iq#’kkr~ ds”kyksEkfu lEHkofUr] rFkSo vuÜojkr~ czã.kks fo”””””oaoaoaoaoalEHkofrAlEHkofrAlEHkofrAlEHkofrAlEHkofrA9 Loizdk”k”khyaa czã iwoZdkeRokr~ vkuUn?kue~ bR;qP;rsA czã vuUref}rh; ~pkfLr &

,desokf}rh;a lUuke:ifooftZre~Adesokf}rh;a lUuke:ifooftZre~Adesokf}rh;a lUuke:ifooftZre~Adesokf}rh;a lUuke:ifooftZre~Adesokf}rh;a lUuke:ifooftZre~A l`’Vs% iqjk·/kqukI;L; rkn`DRoa ;fnrh;ZrsAA l`’Vs% iqjk·/kqukI;L; rkn`DRoa ;fnrh;ZrsAA l`’Vs% iqjk·/kqukI;L; rkn`DRoa ;fnrh;ZrsAA l`’Vs% iqjk·/kqukI;L; rkn`DRoa ;fnrh;ZrsAA l`’Vs% iqjk·/kqukI;L; rkn`DRoa ;fnrh;ZrsAA

uke:ikfnghua rr~ fujis{ka LorU=a “kq)erhfUnz;¥~p vfLrA10 ek;k vL; “kfäoZrZrs]ija,rr~ ek;;k fyIra u Kk;rs] uke:ikfnghuesrn~ vO;äa rst%&

fujLrek;kd`rloZesna fuR;a foHkq a fu’dyeizes;e~AfujLrek;kd`rloZesna fuR;a foHkq a fu’dyeizes;e~AfujLrek;kd`rloZesna fuR;a foHkq a fu’dyeizes;e~AfujLrek;kd`rloZesna fuR;a foHkq a fu’dyeizes;e~AfujLrek;kd`rloZesna fuR;a foHkq a fu’dyeizes;e~A v:ieO;äeuk[;eO;;a T;ksfr% Lo;a fdf´~pfnna pdkfLrAA v:ieO;äeuk[;eO;;a T;ksfr% Lo;a fdf´~pfnna pdkfLrAA v:ieO;äeuk[;eO;;a T;ksfr% Lo;a fdf´~pfnna pdkfLrAA v:ieO;äeuk[;eO;;a T;ksfr% Lo;a fdf´~pfnna pdkfLrAA v:ieO;äeuk[;eO;;a T;ksfr% Lo;a fdf´~pfnna pdkfLrAA11

lEiw.kZa txn~ czã.k ,o foorZe~& NkUnksX;ksifu’kn~ vkg & lnso lkSE;snexz vklhr~lnso lkSE;snexz vklhr~lnso lkSE;snexz vklhr~lnso lkSE;snexz vklhr~lnso lkSE;snexz vklhr~,desokf}rh;e~———rnS{kr ,dks·ga cgqL;ke~ iztk;s;sfr———;Fkk lkSE;dsu e`fRi.Msu,desokf}rh;e~———rnS{kr ,dks·ga cgqL;ke~ iztk;s;sfr———;Fkk lkSE;dsu e`fRi.Msu,desokf}rh;e~———rnS{kr ,dks·ga cgqL;ke~ iztk;s;sfr———;Fkk lkSE;dsu e`fRi.Msu,desokf}rh;e~———rnS{kr ,dks·ga cgqL;ke~ iztk;s;sfr———;Fkk lkSE;dsu e`fRi.Msu,desokf}rh;e~———rnS{kr ,dks·ga cgqL;ke~ iztk;s;sfr———;Fkk lkSE;dsu e`fRi.MsuloZ a eÙe;a]loZ a eÙe;a]loZ a eÙe;a]loZ a eÙe;a]loZ a eÙe;a]1212121212 foKkra L;kr~ okpkjEHk.k a fodkjk s uke/k s;a e`frdsR;so lR;e~ ——;Fkk foKkra L;kr~ okpkjEHk.k a fodkjk s uke/k s;a e`frdsR;so lR;e~ ——;Fkk foKkra L;kr~ okpkjEHk.k a fodkjk s uke/k s;a e`frdsR;so lR;e~ ——;Fkk foKkra L;kr~ okpkjEHk.k a fodkjk s uke/k s;a e`frdsR;so lR;e~ ——;Fkk foKkra L;kr~ okpkjEHk.k a fodkjk s uke/k s;a e`frdsR;so lR;e~ ——;FkkvXus% {k qnzk%vXus% {k qnzk%vXus% {k qnzk%vXus% {k qnzk%vXus% {k qnzk% foLQqfy³~xk% fuxZPNfUr rFkSo czã.k% ¼vkReu%½ lSo thfouks yksdk”pfoLQqfy³~xk% fuxZPNfUr rFkSo czã.k% ¼vkReu%½ lSo thfouks yksdk”pfoLQqfy³~xk% fuxZPNfUr rFkSo czã.k% ¼vkReu%½ lSo thfouks yksdk”pfoLQqfy³~xk% fuxZPNfUr rFkSo czã.k% ¼vkReu%½ lSo thfouks yksdk”pfoLQqfy³~xk% fuxZPNfUr rFkSo czã.k% ¼vkReu%½ lSo thfouks yksdk”pfuxZPNfUrAfuxZPNfUrAfuxZPNfUrAfuxZPNfUrAfuxZPNfUrA13 loZHkwrs’kq O;kIra rnso loZHkwrkUrjkRek14A mnda izkI; ;Fkk yo.ka mnds ,o foyhuaHkofr ,oeso czã txr% izfrd.ka O;kIrefLrA15

4- czãizkIrs% lk/kue~&4- czãizkIrs% lk/kue~&4- czãizkIrs% lk/kue~&4- czãizkIrs% lk/kue~&4- czãizkIrs% lk/kue~&mifu’kRlq czãizkIrs% lk/kuefi of.kZra orZrsA dBksifu’kn~ :idekfJR; czãizkIrs% lk/kua

o.kZ;u~ vkg& ;Fkk jFks jFkh Hkofr rFkSo “kjhj:is jFks vk:<ks·;ekRek jfFk:is.k fLFkr%A bfUnz;kf.kg;k bo “kjhj:ijFkL; okgdk% lfUrA cqf)Üp jFkfu;U=.kd=hZ lkjfFkfjo fpf=rkA16 vkRe&lk{kkRdkjslfr thoL; iqutZUe u tk;rsA17 :i&jl&xU/k&Li”k Z&”kCnk% bfUnz;kf.k czãçkIrk S¼ijekFkZrÙoksiyC/kkS½ {kh.klkeF;ZofUr HkofUrA cfgeZq[kkfu bfUnzk;kf.k ckáHkkSfrdfo’k;s’kq ,oje.kkn~ mi{kh.kcykfu tk;Urs] vr ,o dBksifu’kfn ijkf´~p[kkfu bR;qäefLr bfUnz;k.kkafo’k;sA dBksifu’kn~ vkReksiyC/k;s Js;lks ekxkZoycuesok sifn”kfrA uk;a vkRek ¼czã½izopukfnfHkoZsnk/;;usu ok yH;% vfi rq n`<su rilk] lR;kuqjkxs.k] vUkU;;k fu’B;k] foeysuKkusu] yC/kq a ik;ZrsA lk/kdks ;ekRekua o`.kqrs rsuSo l rekIrqa l{ke%A vkReftKklqa izfr Lo;esovkRek Lodh;a :ia vfHkO;ufä&

uk;ekRek izopusu yH;ks u es/k;k u cgqukJqrsuAuk;ekRek izopusu yH;ks u es/k;k u cgqukJqrsuAuk;ekRek izopusu yH;ks u es/k;k u cgqukJqrsuAuk;ekRek izopusu yH;ks u es/k;k u cgqukJqrsuAuk;ekRek izopusu yH;ks u es/k;k u cgqukJqrsuA;eoS’k o`.kqrs rsu yH;LrL;S’k vkRek foo`.kqrs ruq a Loke~A;eoS’k o`.kqrs rsu yH;LrL;S’k vkRek foo`.kqrs ruq a Loke~A;eoS’k o`.kqrs rsu yH;LrL;S’k vkRek foo`.kqrs ruq a Loke~A;eoS’k o`.kqrs rsu yH;LrL;S’k vkRek foo`.kqrs ruq a Loke~A;eoS’k o`.kqrs rsu yH;LrL;S’k vkRek foo`.kqrs ruq a Loke~A1818181818

5- thoL; Lo:ikuqHko%&5- thoL; Lo:ikuqHko%&5- thoL; Lo:ikuqHko%&5- thoL; Lo:ikuqHko%&5- thoL; Lo:ikuqHko%&czã.kks ewrkZewrZHksnsu :i};a HkofrA ,da eR;Ze~ vij ~p veR;Ze~A veR;Z”p rr~ *ijkResR;srnfi

mP;rsA v;eso ijekRek vfo|kgsrkscZU/kus fuiR; *thokRek* bR;srnfi dF;rsA l iwoZtUedeZo”kkr~lq[kkfu nq%[kkfu p Hkksäqa txfr tUe x`g~.kfrA iqu% iqu% tk;rs fez;rs pA mifu’knka dFkuesrr~&orZekule;s ujk% Lodh;s thous ;kn`“ka deZ vkpjfUr] rs Hkkfofu dkys rkn`“keso thoufiizkIL;fUrA rsu Hkkfothoua mÙkea loZfo/kr;k leqUura p drZaq lnk “kqHkkU;so dekZf.k dj.kh;kfuA


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6

Kkua fg eqäs% ijea lk/kuerks KkuetZuh;e~A lRdeZdrkZ uj% volkus lfr lRLo:ia ln~ns”kalPNjhjeokIuksfrA ri”pj.kkr~ iq.;kuka vH;qn;kPp Kkucysu rL; okluk fou”;fr] fdz;ek.kkfudeZf.k foyh;Urs] lf´~prkfu p dekZf.k gr”kfädkfu tk;UrsA ,oa Kkun”kka izkIrks tu% thoUeqäbR;qP;rsA thoueqärk;ka izkjC/kdekZuqlkja thoL; LFkwya “kjhja lfUr’Brs] u’Vs p lfr izkjC/kdeZf.k“kjhjefi fuirfrA rr”p tho% Lodh;L; :iL; çR;{kHkkosu vuqHkwfra dq#rsA rÙoKkusuczãlk{kkRdkjs.k p thoks eqfäa yHkrsA19

6- thokReczã.kksjSD;e~6- thokReczã.kksjSD;e~6- thokReczã.kksjSD;e~6- thokReczã.kksjSD;e~6- thokReczã.kksjSD;e~ &tho&czã.kk sj SD;çfriknuefLr mifu’knkeU;reks egÙoiw.k Z % çfrik|% fo’k;%A

osnkUrlaerS}Zkn”kegkokD;Sjfi thokReuksjSD;a izfrikfnre~A }kn”k egkokD;kfu lfUr& rÙoefl]20

vga czãkfLe21] v;ekRek czã*22] ,’k r vkRek·Ur;ZkE;e`r%]23 l ;Üpk;e~]24 iq#’ks ;ÜpklkS]25 vkfnR;sl ,d%]26 izKk izfr’Bk izKkua czã foKkuekuUna czã]27 lR;a KkueuUra czã]28 l ,reso iq#’ka czã]29

loZa [kfYona czã]30 ,desokf}rh;e~A31

mi;Zqäs’kq egkokD;s’ofi ,rs pRokjks egkokD;k% lfUr eguh;rek%& izKkua czã]32 vgaczãkfLe]33 v;ekRek czã]34 rFkk rÙoeflA35 ,rs’kq egkokD;s’kq *rÙoefl*rÙoefl*rÙoefl*rÙoefl*rÙoefl*bR;knhfHkeZgkokD;S;|fi thokRe&czã.kksjSD;a lE;d~ çfrikfnra Hkofr ijUrq “k³~dk v= tk;rs ;r~& Dys”k&dekZfnc)ksikf/kfof”k’VL; thokReuks fu#ikf/kd& “kq)&cq)&eqDr&LoHkkosu czã.kk dsufof/kuk ,sD;a lEHkofr\ rfgZ ,rkfof/kka “k³~dka fujkdrZqa osnkUrfonks onfUr ;r~ *rÙoefl* bR;kfnokD;L; ;FkkFkZcks/kklEHkokr~ y{k.kk v³~xhfdz;rsA ,oe= tgntgYy{k.k;k ;FkkFkZcks/kks HkofrArÙoefl bfr egkokD;s *rr~&Roe~**rr~&Roe~**rr~&Roe~**rr~&Roe~**rr~&Roe~* bR;sr;kseZ/;s fo|eku&ijks{kRokijks{kRofof”k’Vka”kk SijLijfo#)kS ifjgjUrh b;a Yk{k.kk v[k.MpSrU;ka”k´~p ifjx`gUrh vkRe&czã.kksj SD;aizfrikn;frA

bR;qifu’kRizfrikfnr ,dRooknks tho&czã.kksjSD;a izfrik| osnkUrL; izekrkja lk/kda *thoksczãSo ukij%* bRFkZcks/ka dkj;frA

l vkRek ¼czã½ fuR;a lR;su rilk lE;XKkusu czãp;Zs.k p yH;ks Hkofr u rqdknkfpRdS% lR;kfnfHk% lk/kuSjkRek yH;rs&

lR;su yH;Lrilk ás’k vkRek lE;XKkusu czãp;Z s.k fuR;e~AlR;su yH;Lrilk ás’k vkRek lE;XKkusu czãp;Z s.k fuR;e~AlR;su yH;Lrilk ás’k vkRek lE;XKkusu czãp;Z s.k fuR;e~AlR;su yH;Lrilk ás’k vkRek lE;XKkusu czãp;Z s.k fuR;e~AlR;su yH;Lrilk ás’k vkRek lE;XKkusu czãp;Z s.k fuR;e~AvUr% “kjhjs T;ksfreZ;ks fg “kqHk zk s ;a i”;fUr ;r;% {kh.knks’kk%AAvUr% “kjhjs T;ksfreZ;ks fg “kqHk zk s ;a i”;fUr ;r;% {kh.knks’kk%AAvUr% “kjhjs T;ksfreZ;ks fg “kqHk zk s ;a i”;fUr ;r;% {kh.knks’kk%AAvUr% “kjhjs T;ksfreZ;ks fg “kqHk zk s ;a i”;fUr ;r;% {kh.knks’kk%AAvUr% “kjhjs T;ksfreZ;ks fg “kqHk zk s ;a i”;fUr ;r;% {kh.knks’kk%AA36

v;a vkRek rL;So n”kZu&Jo.k&euu&foKkukfnfHk% osfnRkO;ks HkofrA37 czãfo|s;avik=Hkwrk; u iznkrO;k bR;qifu’kRlq cgq’kq LFkys’kq dfFkre~A38 xqoZuqerks “kkUrkfpÙkks ftrsfUnz;%{kh.kdkedzks/kkfnnks’kks oSjkX;kfnxq.k”khyks eqeq{kqjso czãfo|k;k% ik=e~&

iz”kkUrfpÙkk; ftrsfUn z;k; çgh.knk s ’kk; ;Fkk sädkfj.k sAi z”kkUrfpÙkk; ftrsfUn z;k; çgh.knk s ’kk; ;Fkk sädkfj.k sAi z”kkUrfpÙkk; ftrsfUn z;k; çgh.knk s ’kk; ;Fkk sädkfj.k sAi z”kkUrfpÙkk; ftrsfUn z;k; çgh.knk s ’kk; ;Fkk sädkfj.k sAi z”kkUrfpÙkk; ftrsfUn z;k; çgh.knk s ’kk; ;Fkk sädkfj.k sAxq.kkfUork;kuqxrk; loZnk izns;esrr~ lrra eqeq{kosAAxq.kkfUork;kuqxrk; loZnk izns;esrr~ lrra eqeq{kosAAxq.kkfUork;kuqxrk; loZnk izns;esrr~ lrra eqeq{kosAAxq.kkfUork;kuqxrk; loZnk izns;esrr~ lrra eqeq{kosAAxq.kkfUork;kuqxrk; loZnk izns;esrr~ lrra eqeq{kosAA39

7- mifu’kRlq ek s{kfopkj%&7- mifu’kRlq ek s{kfopkj%&7- mifu’kRlq ek s{kfopkj%&7- mifu’kRlq ek s{kfopkj%&7- mifu’kRlq ek s{kfopkj%& mifu’kRlq ekuothouL;ksRd`’Vre% iq#’kkFkksZ eks{kks·fHker% nqyZHka euq’;thoueokI; vfi

;ks eks{kk; u eurs l [kyq vkRegk dfFkr%&


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7

;% LokReeqäkS u ;rrs ew</kh%A;% LokReeqäkS u ;rrs ew</kh%A;% LokReeqäkS u ;rrs ew</kh%A;% LokReeqäkS u ;rrs ew</kh%A;% LokReeqäkS u ;rrs ew</kh%Al ákRegk Loa fofugUR;ln~xzgkrl ákRegk Loa fofugUR;ln~xzgkrl ákRegk Loa fofugUR;ln~xzgkrl ákRegk Loa fofugUR;ln~xzgkrl ákRegk Loa fofugUR;ln~xzgkr~AA

mifu’knka ers czãlk{kRdkjso.kSo loZikifujks/kks eks{kkokfIrÜp lEHkofr&osnkgesra iq#’k a egkUrekfnrko.kZ a rel% ijLrkr~Aosnkgesra iq#’k a egkUrekfnrko.kZ a rel% ijLrkr~Aosnkgesra iq#’k a egkUrekfnrko.kZ a rel% ijLrkr~Aosnkgesra iq#’k a egkUrekfnrko.kZ a rel% ijLrkr~Aosnkgesra iq#’k a egkUrekfnrko.kZ a rel% ijLrkr~A

reso fofnRokfre`R;qesfr] ukU;% iUFkk fo|rs·;uk;reso fofnRokfre`R;qesfr] ukU;% iUFkk fo|rs·;uk;reso fofnRokfre`R;qesfr] ukU;% iUFkk fo|rs·;uk;reso fofnRokfre`R;qesfr] ukU;% iUFkk fo|rs·;uk;reso fofnRokfre`R;qesfr] ukU;% iUFkk fo|rs·;uk; AA40

czãrŸoL; Kkuknso eqfäeksZ{kks ok HkforqegZfr vkReKkua fouk vUkkReKkutfura LoIua u u”;fr&eqfäLrq czãrÙoL; Kkuknso u pkU;;kAeqfäLrq czãrÙoL; Kkuknso u pkU;;kAeqfäLrq czãrÙoL; Kkuknso u pkU;;kAeqfäLrq czãrÙoL; Kkuknso u pkU;;kAeqfäLrq czãrÙoL; Kkuknso u pkU;;kA

Loizcks/k a fouk uSo LoLoIuks gh;rs ;FkkAALoizcks/k a fouk uSo LoLoIuks gh;rs ;FkkAALoizcks/k a fouk uSo LoLoIuks gh;rs ;FkkAALoizcks/k a fouk uSo LoLoIuks gh;rs ;FkkAALoizcks/k a fouk uSo LoLoIuks gh;rs ;FkkAA4141414141

vfo|kd‘ra tUee`R;qa rhRokZ fo|;k eks{ka ¼ve‘re~½ v”uqrs&fo|k pkfo|ka p ;Lrn~ osnksHk;a lgAfo|k pkfo|ka p ;Lrn~ osnksHk;a lgAfo|k pkfo|ka p ;Lrn~ osnksHk;a lgAfo|k pkfo|ka p ;Lrn~ osnksHk;a lgAfo|k pkfo|ka p ;Lrn~ osnksHk;a lgA

vfo|;k eqR;q a rhRok Z fo|;k·e`re”uqrsAAvfo|;k eqR;q a rhRok Z fo|;k·e`re”uqrsAAvfo|;k eqR;q a rhRok Z fo|;k·e`re”uqrsAAvfo|;k eqR;q a rhRok Z fo|;k·e`re”uqrsAAvfo|;k eqR;q a rhRok Z fo|;k·e`re”uqrsAA42

;nk lk/kdL; âfn fLFkrk% loZs dkek% fuorZUrs rnk ej.k/kekZ·lkS ve`rs HkwRok thoUusoczãkUkUneuqHkofrA43 vlalkfj.k% ijczã.k% lk{kkRdkjL; Qya fu:i;fUr eq.Mdksifu’kn~ ofä&fHk|rs ân;xzfUFkf”N|Urs loZla”k;k%A

{kh;Urs pkL; dekZf.k rfLeu~ n`’Vs ijkojsAA{kh;Urs pkL; dekZf.k rfLeu~ n`’Vs ijkojsAA{kh;Urs pkL; dekZf.k rfLeu~ n`’Vs ijkojsAA{kh;Urs pkL; dekZf.k rfLeu~ n`’Vs ijkojsAA{kh;Urs pkL; dekZf.k rfLeu~ n`’Vs ijkojsAA4444444444

oLrqr% fu:ikf/kd&fpRizdk”kLo:i v{kjczã.k% lk{kkRdkjs lfr thoks·fi czã:iksHkofrA45 mifu’kRlq osnkfHker =SroknL;] fu’dkedeZ;ksxL;] fo”ocU/kqRoHkkouk;k%] KkudeZ;ks%leUo;L; pkfi o.kZueqiYkH;rs&

8- mifu’kRlq =Srokn% &8- mifu’kRlq =Srokn% &8- mifu’kRlq =Srokn% &8- mifu’kRlq =Srokn% &8- mifu’kRlq =Srokn% &mifu’kRlq osnkfHkerL; =SroknL; o.kZueqiYkH;sA r=Sd bZ”oj% deZQyL; vHkksäk

dsoya lkf{k:i%] f}rh;ks tho% deZQyHkksäk] r`rh;k izd`fr”p vpsrukA ÜosrkÜorjksifu’kfnn`’VkUr:is.k çd`fr% o`{k%] thosÜojkS p r=LFkkS }kS ikf{k.kkS bfr nf”kZre~&

}k lqi.kk Z ltq;k l[kk;k lekua o`{k a ifj’kLotkrsA}k lqi.kk Z ltq;k l[kk;k lekua o`{k a ifj’kLotkrsA}k lqi.kk Z ltq;k l[kk;k lekua o`{k a ifj’kLotkrsA}k lqi.kk Z ltq;k l[kk;k lekua o`{k a ifj’kLotkrsA}k lqi.kk Z ltq;k l[kk;k lekua o`{k a ifj’kLotkrsAr;k sjU;% fiIiya Lokn~oÙ;uÜuUuU;k s·fHkpkd”khfrAAr;k sjU;% fiIiya Lokn~oÙ;uÜuUuU;k s·fHkpkd”khfrAAr;k sjU;% fiIiya Lokn~oÙ;uÜuUuU;k s·fHkpkd”khfrAAr;k sjU;% fiIiya Lokn~oÙ;uÜuUuU;k s·fHkpkd”khfrAAr;k sjU;% fiIiya Lokn~oÙ;uÜuUuU;k s·fHkpkd”khfrAA46

tho&ijekReukseZ/;s rÙor% ,sD;Hkkos·fi thoks·Kkuo”kkr~ vusdfo/kdkeokluko”kkn~lq[knq%[ky{k.ka deZQya Hkq³~äs] vU;ks fuR;&”kq)&cq)&eqäLoHkko% ijesÜoj% loZefi i”;u~lk{kh bo vkLrsA

9- fu’dkedeZ;k sx%&9- fu’dkedeZ;k sx%&9- fu’dkedeZ;k sx%&9- fu’dkedeZ;k sx%&9- fu’dkedeZ;k sx%&vuklfäHkkou;k fdz;ek.kka deZ fu’dkedeZ bR;qP;rsA fu’dkeHkkou;k d`ra deZ

bgyksdijyksdksHk;dY;k.kdja HkofrA fu’dkeHkkou;k deZf.kjrks tu% fl)kS ok vfl)kS] ykHksok gkukS] u dnkfi mnfoXuks HkofrA drZO;Hkkou;k vukläeulk deZ dqoZu~ fu’dkedekZ QyL;fpUrka u djksfrA HkXkon~xhrk;ka izfrikfnrL; fu’dkedeZ;ksxL; ewya bZ”kksifu’kfn ,oa izfrikfnre~&


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8

dqoZUusosg dekZf.k ftthfo’k sPNra lek%AdqoZUusosg dekZf.k ftthfo’k sPNra lek%AdqoZUusosg dekZf.k ftthfo’k sPNra lek%AdqoZUusosg dekZf.k ftthfo’k sPNra lek%AdqoZUusosg dekZf.k ftthfo’k sPNra lek%A,oa Rof; ukU;Fksrks·fLr u deZ fyI;rs ujsAA,oa Rof; ukU;Fksrks·fLr u deZ fyI;rs ujsAA,oa Rof; ukU;Fksrks·fLr u deZ fyI;rs ujsAA,oa Rof; ukU;Fksrks·fLr u deZ fyI;rs ujsAA,oa Rof; ukU;Fksrks·fLr u deZ fyI;rs ujsAA47

dekZ/khua thoua bfr eRok vuklfäHkkou;k d`ra deZ thoL; cU/kugsrquZ Hkofr] up rn~nq%[klk/kue~A vuklfäHkkou;k deZ dqoZu~ tuks thous lQyrkeokI; vUrs eks{kL;ik=a HkofrA48

10- mifu’kRlq l`f’Vo.kZe~&10- mifu’kRlq l`f’Vo.kZe~&10- mifu’kRlq l`f’Vo.kZe~&10- mifu’kRlq l`f’Vo.kZe~&10- mifu’kRlq l`f’Vo.kZe~&mifu’kRlkfgR;L; çfrik|s’kq fo’k;s’kq txr% l`f’VfoKkuefi vfLr vU;reks fo’k;%A

txr% izknqHkkZofrjksHkkofo’k;s ;kn`“ka çkekf.kda rF;eqifu’kn~xzUFkk% izLrqofUr] u rkn`“ka vU;r~fdefi lkfgR;e~A czãk.Ms cgqfo/kkfu rŸokfu lekfo’Vkfu lfUr rs’kka rÙokuka mRifÙkfoZdklÜpkfimifu’kRlq of.kZrkSA dFka ikapHkkSfrdfena txr~ xq.k=;;ksxsu loZs’kka inkFkkZuka {ks=kf.k fo’k;kÜpfu/kkZj;fr bfr fopkjL; ekSfyda fu:i.ka mifu’kn~xzUFks’kq miYkH;rsA rSfrjh;ksifu’kfn vkRerÙoknsovkdk”k&ok;q&vfXu&ty&i`fFkoh&vks’kf/k&vkUuknhuk´~pksRifrnZf”kZrkA49

i´~p’kq Hkwrs’kq drea çFkea leqn~Hkqra txfr] bfr ftKklk;ka NkUnksX;ksifu’kn~ fuxnfr&lr~ ,o vknkS vklhr~ rsu rst% rstÜp i% l`ftrk%Alr~ ,o vknkS vklhr~ rsu rst% rstÜp i% l`ftrk%Alr~ ,o vknkS vklhr~ rsu rst% rstÜp i% l`ftrk%Alr~ ,o vknkS vklhr~ rsu rst% rstÜp i% l`ftrk%Alr~ ,o vknkS vklhr~ rsu rst% rstÜp i% l`ftrk%A5050505050

mifu’knka ers vknkS l`’Vs% fdefi ukLkhr~A dsoya e`R;qjklhr~Amifu’knka ers vknkS l`’Vs% fdefi ukLkhr~A dsoya e`R;qjklhr~Amifu’knka ers vknkS l`’Vs% fdefi ukLkhr~A dsoya e`R;qjklhr~Amifu’knka ers vknkS l`’Vs% fdefi ukLkhr~A dsoya e`R;qjklhr~Amifu’knka ers vknkS l`’Vs% fdefi ukLkhr~A dsoya e`R;qjklhr~ArrÜp eu% lfyykuyHkqo% leqnHk wrk%ArrÜp eu% lfyykuyHkqo% leqnHk wrk%ArrÜp eu% lfyykuyHkqo% leqnHk wrk%ArrÜp eu% lfyykuyHkqo% leqnHk wrk%ArrÜp eu% lfyykuyHkqo% leqnHk wrk%Arr% çtkiZr% lqjk vlqjkÜp vHkwourr% çtkiZr% lqjk vlqjkÜp vHkwourr% çtkiZr% lqjk vlqjkÜp vHkwourr% çtkiZr% lqjk vlqjkÜp vHkwourr% çtkiZr% lqjk vlqjkÜp vHkwou~A51

c`gnkj.;dksifu’kfn bnefi of.kZra ;r~ izFkea iq#’kL;ksRifÙkjHkor~ iÜpkPp fL=;kmRifÙkjHkqr~A rkH;k´~p l`f’V#RiUuk bfrA52 *loZs HkoUrq lqf[ku%*]vkReoRloZHkwrs’kq bR;kfnfHk%laLdkjS% iwrkuka vLekda eg’kZ;h.kka y{; loZizkf.k&fgrlk/kue~A loZçkf.k’kq leRocqf)a vkfJR;txrksfgr fpUrus ijk;.kkuka ,rs’kka ers foÜos·fLeu~ ás u dks·fi fut% ijks osfr Hkofr vfirqmnkjgR;kuka ásrs’kka d`rs rq ns”kh;k fons”kh;k ok] Hkqfo fLFkrk% loZs vfi ,dL;So ijekReu%lUrfrRokn~ LodqVqfEcu ,oA vYif/k; ,o tuk *bes ee*] *rs ijdh;k%* bfr foHksna dqoZfUrAloZfgrdf³~{k.kka d`rs rq fo”oL; fuf[kys·fi tuk% LockU/kok bo izrh;UrsA fo”ocU/kqRoL;S’kksins”kbZ”kksifu’kfn lk/kq% izfrikfnr%&

;Lrq lok Zf.k Hk wrkU;kReU;sokuqi”;frA;Lrq lok Zf.k Hk wrkU;kReU;sokuqi”;frA;Lrq lok Zf.k Hk wrkU;kReU;sokuqi”;frA;Lrq lok Zf.k Hk wrkU;kReU;sokuqi”;frA;Lrq lok Zf.k Hk wrkU;kReU;sokuqi”;frAloZHk wrs’k q pkRekua rrks u foftxqIlrsAAloZHk wrs’k q pkRekua rrks u foftxqIlrsAAloZHk wrs’k q pkRekua rrks u foftxqIlrsAAloZHk wrs’k q pkRekua rrks u foftxqIlrsAAloZHk wrs’k q pkRekua rrks u foftxqIlrsAA53

11- dekZuq’Bkus thoL; LokrU=;e~&11- dekZuq’Bkus thoL; LokrU=;e~&11- dekZuq’Bkus thoL; LokrU=;e~&11- dekZuq’Bkus thoL; LokrU=;e~&11- dekZuq’Bkus thoL; LokrU=;e~&mifu’knka ers dekZuq’Bkus tho% loZFkk LorU=ks·fLrA c`gnkj.;ds izksäa ;r~& iq#’k%

dkee;ks·fLr] ;kn`“kh rnh;k bPNk Hkofr] rkn`“k ,o rL; ladYiksHkofrA54 ;kn`“ka deZ vkpj.kaok l djksfr rr~LoHkko% l HkofrA “kqHkdk;sZ.k l lk/kqHkZofr] v”kqHkdk;sZ.k p ikih HkofrA iq.;sudeZ.kk iq.;% ikisu p Hkofr iki%A mifu’kn% ekuoku~ iq#’kkFkkZ; izsj;fUr&

“kqHkk”k qHkkH;k a ogUrh ekxkZH;k a okluk lfjr~Ak qHkk”k qHkkH;k a ogUrh ekxkZH;k a okluk lfjr~Ak qHkk”k qHkkH;k a ogUrh ekxkZH;k a okluk lfjr~Ak qHkk”k qHkkH;k a ogUrh ekxkZH;k a okluk lfjr~Ak qHkk”k qHkkH;k a ogUrh ekxkZH;k a okluk lfjr~AikS#’ks.k iz;Rusu ;kstuh;k “kqHk s ifFk AikS#’ks.k iz;Rusu ;kstuh;k “kqHk s ifFk AikS#’ks.k iz;Rusu ;kstuh;k “kqHk s ifFk AikS#’ks.k iz;Rusu ;kstuh;k “kqHk s ifFk AikS#’ks.k iz;Rusu ;kstuh;k “kqHk s ifFk A


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9

v”kqHk s’k q lekfo’Va “k qHk s’Vosokorkj|srAAv”kqHk s’k q lekfo’Va “k qHk s’Vosokorkj|srAAv”kqHk s’k q lekfo’Va “k qHk s’Vosokorkj|srAAv”kqHk s’k q lekfo’Va “k qHk s’Vosokorkj|srAAv”kqHk s’k q lekfo’Va “k qHk s’Vosokorkj|srAA55

vr% ekuoL; dÙkZO;efLr ;r~ l thous “kqHkdekZuq’Bkusu v”kqHkdeZR;kxsu p ykSfddaikjykSfd´~p thoueqn~/kkj;sr~A

12- mifu’knka egÙoe~ &12- mifu’knka egÙoe~ &12- mifu’knka egÙoe~ &12- mifu’knka egÙoe~ &12- mifu’knka egÙoe~ &mifu’knka egÙoe u dsoya Hkkjrh;S% vfirq ikÜpkR;Sjfi fo}fn~Hk% Loh Ñre~A v/;kRefo|k;k%

;kn`“ka fun”kZua mifu’kRlq leqiYkH;rs] fo”olkfgR;s rn~nqyZHke~A mifu’knka egÙosu çHkkforksjktdqekj% nkjkf”kdks% lIrn”kre”krkC|ka i¥~pk”kn~ mifu’knka ikjlh ¼Qkjlh½ Hkk’kk;ka vuqoknapdkjA dksycz qdd`rs laxzgs f}i´~pk”kr~ mifu’kn% laxzghrk%A teZueuh’kh eSDlewyj%vkpk;Z”k³~djHkk’;s.k foHkwf’krk% ,dkn”kksifu’kn% eS=k;.kh&mifu’kPpkuwfnroku~ vk³~xyHkk’kk;ke~AvksFkeQzjkad% mifu’kxzUFkku~ v/khR; rku~ la{ksis.k izdkf”kroku~A tsñ Mhñ yatqbukl mifu’kn~xzUFks’kq Hkwfj Hkwfj iz;kla Ñroku~A osoj% egksn;% *b.fMLdsu LVfM;u* bR;k[;xzUFks mifu’knkeuqoknksfofgroku~ ;su ik”pkR;txfr mifu’knka izlkj% izpkj”pkHkor~A vkadsRosynqisjka ukedQzsapfonq’kkfofgra ysfVuHkk’kkuqoknaa v/khR; izfl)% nk”kZfud% “kksisugkoj mifu’knka xq.kkuqokna dqoZUukg&*,rk mifu’knks ee thouL; “kkfUrlkf/kdk%] ej.kkUrja pkfi “kkfUrlkf/kdk Hkfo’;fUr*A56

fu’d’k Z &fu’d’k Z &fu’d’k Z &fu’d’k Z &fu’d’k Z &vkSifu’kfndk/;kfRedkfpUruL; fu’d’kksZ·;a ;r~ fuf[ky txfr] czãk.Ms ok leLrizkf.k’kq

tM inkFksZ’kq p ,d vkRek fo|rsA fuR;&cq)&”kq)Lo:iks·;esd ,o vjks·ej”p orZrsA v;eso,dkfd l`f’V jp;fr ¼c`gnkj.;dksifu’kn~ 1-4-10&17½ thoks·fi czã ,oA vfo|ko”kknso thokscU/kus fuiR; tjkej.kkfnnq%[keuqHkofrA thous·fLeu~ “kqHkdeZ.kkekJ;s.k] Kkun”kka p izkI;thou~ eqä% lu~A çkjC/ldeZQya Hkq³~DRok çkjC/kdeZ.kka fouk”ks lfr LFkqy”kjhja ifjR;T; tho%Lodh;L; :iL; çR;{kuqHkqfra HktrsA vUrr% rÙoKkusu czãlk{kkRdkjs.k p thoks eqfäa yHkrsA

lanHkZ ladsr%lanHkZ ladsr%lanHkZ ladsr%lanHkZ ladsr%lanHkZ ladsr%1 d½ mifu’kn~ ¼L=h½ mifu’knfr izkIuksfr czãkReHkkoks·u;k&mi ln~&fDoi~A

czãfo|;ka rRizfriknds osnf”kjksHkkxs osnkUrs pAokpLiR;e~ okWyñ 2] jkf’Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~ ubZ fnYyh 110058

[k½ ln~/kkrks% fo”kj.k&xfr&volknu:ikFkZ=;L; fu:i.ka “k³~djkpk;ZL; dBksifu’kn% Hkk’;,o fofgre~~&vfo|kns% lalkjchtL; fo”kj.kkn~&fouk”kukn~————ija czã ok xe;rhfrczãxef;r`Rosu ;ksxkn~] xHkZokl tUe&tjk|qinzooÙnL; yksdkUrjs ikSu% iqU;su izo`ÙkL;volknf;r`Rosu ok czãfo|ksifu’kr~A & dBñ “k³~djÑrHkk’;e~A2 eqfädksifu’kn 1-1-53 eqfädksifu’kn~ “yksd 30&39


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10

4 l ok v;ekRek czã foKkue;ks eukse;% izk.ke;Üp{kqeZ;%] Jks=e;% i`fFohe; vkikse;ks ok;qe;vkdk”ke;Lrstks·rstkse;% dkee;ks·dkee;% dzks/ke;ks·dzks/ke;ks /keZe;ks·/keZe;% loZe;%

& c`gnkj.;dksifu’kn~ 4-4-55 ; vkRek vigrikIek fotjks foe`R;qfoZ”kksdks foft?kRlks·fiikl% lR;dke% lR;ladYi% lks·Uos’VO;%l foftKkflrO;% l lokZ¡Üp yksdkukIuksfr lok¡Üp dkeku~ ;LrekRekueuqfo| fotkukrhfr giztkifr#okpA& NkUnksX;ksifu’kn~ 8-7-46 NkUnksX;ksifu’kn~ 3-167 vkRek ok bnesd ,okxz vklhUukU;fRd´~pufe’kr~A l bZ{kr yksdkUuq l`tk bfrA & ,srjs;ksifu’kn~ 1-1-1-8 osnkUrlkj] 11-9 ;Fkks.kZukfHk% l`trs x`g~.krs p ;Fkk i`fFkO;keks’k/k;% lEHkofUrA ;Fkk lr% iq#’kkRds”kyksekfu rFkk{kjkRlaHkorhg foÜoe~A eq.Mdksifu’kn~ 1-1-610 vr% ija czã lnf}rh;L; fo”kq)foKku?kua fuj´~tue~A ç”kkUrek|Urfoghuefdz;a fujUrjkuUnjlLo:ie~A& foosdpwMkef.k%A11 rnso12 NkUnksX;ksifu’kn13 lñ lOkñ ;Fkk vXus% {kqnzk foLQqfy³~xk% O;qPpjkfUr ,oesokLeknkReu% ¼czã.k%½ losZ yksdk% nsok loZkf.k Hkwrkfu O;qPpjfUrA & c`ñ vkñ 2-1-2014 ,dks nso% loZHkwrs’kq xw<% loZO;kih loZHkwrkUrkjRekAA ÜosrkÜorjksifu’kn~A15 l ;Fkk lSU/kof[kY; mnds çkLr mndesokuqfoyh;rs u g vL; mnxzg.kk; bo L;kn~ ;rks;rLRoknnhr Yko.kesoSoa ok vjs bna egn~HkwreuUreikja foKku?ku ,oSrsH;ks HkwrsH;% leqRFkk;rkU;sokuqfou”;fr u izsR; laKkfLr bfr vjs czohfe bfr gksokp ;kKoYD;%AA c`ñ vkñ 2-4-1216 vkRekua jfFkua fof) “kjhja jFkeso rq cqf)a rq lkjfFak fof) eu% izxzgeso pA bfUnz;kf.k g;kU;kgq foZ’k;kaLrs’kq xkspjku~ vkResfUnz;euks;qäa HkksäsR;kgqeZuhf’k.k%AA

& dBksifu’kr~ 1-3-3&417 ;Lrq foKkuoku~ Hkofr leuLd% lnk “kqfp%A l rq rO;nektksfr ;Lekn~Hkw;ks u tk;rsA rnso] 1-3-818 dBñ 1-2-2319 bg psnosnhn;a lR;efLr u psfngkosnhUegrh fouf’V%A Hkqrs’kq Hkwrs’kq fofpUR; /khjk% izsR;kLekYyksdkne‘rk HkofUrAA & dsuksifu’kr~] 2-5-20 NkUnksX;ksifu’kn~ 6-8-7-21 c`ñ mñ1-4-10 22 rnso] 1-5-1923 rnso] 3-7- 24 rSñ mñ] 2-8-125 rnso 3-2-8 26 rnso 2-8-127 ,rjs;ñ czkñ] 5-3 28 rSñ mñ] 2-1-129 ,srñ mñ 3-13 30 Nkñ mñ 31-19-131 rnso 6-2-1 32 ,rjs;ñ czkñ] 5-1


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11

33 c`ñ mñ1-4-10 34 rnso 2-5-1935 Nkñ mñ 2-2-7 36 eq.Mdksifu’kn~] 3-1-537 vkRek ok vjs n’VO;% JksrO;ks eUrO;ks fufn/;kflrO;%A eS=s ;kneuks ok vjs n”kZusu Jo.ksu eR;k foKususna loaZa fofnre~AA c`gnkj.;dksifu’kn~ 2-4-538d½ bna oko rr~ T;s’Bk; iq=k; firk cã izczw;kr~] izk.kk/;k; okUrsoflus] ukU;LeS dLeSpu————A &Nkñ mñ 3-11-5&6 [k½ vfi ; ,ua “kq’dss LFkk.kkS fuf’k´~psr~] tk;sju~ “kk[kk%]

izjksgs;q% iyk”kkfu bfr ra ,ra ukiq=k; okuUrsokfluks ok czq;kr~AA &c`gnkj.;d&6-3-12 x½ osnkUrs ija xqáa iqjkdkyks izpksfnre~A

uk iz”kkUrk; nkrO;a ukiq=k;f”k’;k; ok iqu%AA & “kosñ mñ 6-22 ?k½ rnsrr~ lR;a _f’kjkf³~xjk iqjksokpA uSrnph.kZczrks·/khrsAA & eqñ mñ 3-3-2-11 ³½ ,rn~ xqárea ukiq=k; ukf”k’;k; uk”kkUrk; dhrZ;sr~ bfr] vuU;& Hkäk; loZxq.klEiUuk;

n|kr~AA eS=k;.;qifu’kn~& 6-29 p½ “kkUrksnkUr%A c`ñ mñ 4-4-2239 mins”klkglzh] 324-16-72 40 “osrkÜorjksifu’kn~] 3-841 i´~pn”khñ fp=nhi izdj.ke~] 210 42 bZ”kkokL;ksifu’kn~] 1143 ;nk loZs izeqP;Urs dkek ;s·L; g‘fn fJrk%A vFk eR;ksZ·e`rks HkoR;= czã leq”uqrsAA & dBksifu’kn~] 2-3-1444 eq.Mdksifu’kn~] 2-2-845 l ;ks goS rRijea czãosn czãSo Hkofr uk·L;ks·czãfoRdqys HkofrA rjfr “kksda rjfr ikIekua xqgkxzfUFkH;ks foeqäks·e`rks HkofrAA & rnso 3-2-946 “osrkÜorjksifu’kn~]- 4-6- 47 bZ”kkkokL;ksifu’kn~ 2-48 rLeknlä% lrra dk;aZ deZ lekpjA vläks ákpju~ deZ ijekIuksfr iw#’k%AA & xhrk 3-19-49 rLekn~ ok ,rLekn~ vkReu vkdk”k% lEHkwr%A vkdk”kkn~ ok;q%A ok;ksjfXu%A vXusjki%A vn~E;% i`fFkohA i`FO;k vks’k/k;%A vks’k/khH;ks·Uue~A vUukRiq#’k%A l ok ,’k iq:’kks·Uujle;A

& rSfÙkjh;ksifu’kn~ 2-1-1-50 rnS{kr cgqL;ka iztk;s;sfr rÙkstks·l`trA rÙkst ,s{kr cgqL;ka cgqL;ka iztk;s;sfr rniks·l`trA rLek|= Do p “kkspfr Losnrs ok iq#’kLrstl ,o rn/;kiks tk;UrsAA

& NkUnksX;ksifu’kn~] 6-2-3-51 c`gnkj.;dksifu’kn~] 6-2-1&3( 6-3-1&6- 52 c`gnkj.;dksifu’kn~] 2-4- 1&4-53 bZ”kkokL;ksifu’kn~ 6-54 ;Fkkdkjh ;Fkkpkjh rFkk Hkofr] lk/kqdkjh lk/kqHkZofr] ikidkjh ikiks Hkofr] iq.;% iq.;sudekZ.kk Hkofr iki% ikisuA vFkks [kYokgq% dkee; ,ok;a iq#’k bfr l ;Fkkdkeks Hkofr] rr~drZqHkZofr] ;RdrZqa Hkofr rRdeZ dq#rs] ;RdeZ dq#rs rnfHklai|rsA &c`gnkj.;dksifu’kn~] 4-4-5-55 eqfädksifu’kn~ A56 It has been the solar of my life and will be the solace of my death.


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12

'kkL=k.kka fl)kfUrdi{kk%MkW- ikjl 'kkL=h

vflLVsaV çksQslj

jktdh;egkfo|ky;% lqUnjcuhosn osnkÂ lfgrkuka laLdr ÓkkL=k.kka lE;XKkueokIrqa O;kdj.keso çrq[ka lk/kua Hkorhfr

fufÓp;%f'k{kkdYiks·Fk O;kdj.ka fu#Dra NUnlka p ;%AT;ksfr"kkeku;ua pSo osnkaxkfu "kMSo rqû1

ikf.kuh;f'k{kk;keqDre~ %&NUn% iknkS rq osnL; gLrksdYiks·Fk iB~;rsA T;ksfr"kkek;ua p{kq% fu#Dra Jks=eqP;rsûf'k{kkçk.ka rq osnL; eq[ka O;kdj.ka Lere~A rLekr~ lÂeèkhR;So czãyksds egh;rsû2

vFkkZr~ NUn% osnL; iknkS Lr%] gLrks dYi% mP;rsA osnL; us=a T;ksfr"k'kkL=a] o.k± fu#Dra]çk.ka f'k{kk] O;kdj.k´p eq[;eqP;rsA vr% vaxS% lg osnkukeè;;ua Ïrok vè;srk czãyksdaxPNfrA Jh vkj-ds- eqdthZ egksn;sukfi osnkaxkukeqYys[k% Ïr%A çLrqrkè;k;s osnkaxkfu Øe'k%vèkksØes.k fofoP;Urs %&

(1) f'k{kk (2) dYi%(3) O;kdj.ke~ (4) fu#Dre~(5) NUn% (6) T;kSfr"ke~

f'k{kk %&vfLeu~ mPpkj.kL; çfØ;k% fo'ks"krk'p çnf'kZrk%A osnkaxs"kq f'k{kk;k% vR;fèkda egÙoa

orZrsA ikf.kuh;f'k{kk;keqDre~ %&ßf'k{kk çk.ka rq osnL;Þ 3

vFkkZr~ f'k{kk osnL; ukfldkfLrA f'k{kk & lk fo|k ;L;ka o.kZLojknhukeqPpkj.kL;çfØ;k çdfVrk44444A

ßo.kZLojk|qPpkj.kçdkjks ;=ksifn';rs lk f'k{kkÞ 5

vFkkZr~ ;;k o.kZLojknhukeqPpkj.kçdkj% mifn'krs lk f'k{kk HkofrA rSfÙkjh;ksifu"kfnf}rh;kuqokDçkjEHks dfFkre~ %&

ßf'k{kka O;k[;kL;ke%Ao.kZ% Loj%A ek=k cye~û

lke lUrku%A bR;qDr% f'k{kkè;k;%ûÞ6

vFkkZr~ o;a f'k{kk;k% o.kZua dfj";ke%A o.kZ&Loj&ek=k&ç;Ruo.kkZuka lesdhÏR;mPpkj.k xk;ua jhfrlfUèk'pA bRFka osnL;ksPpkj.kL; f'k{kk;k vè;k;% of.kZr%A

mi;qZDreU=L;kfHkçk;ks·;a ;r~ mifu"kRdrZfHk% f'k{kk;k% "kMaxkfu LohÏrkfu77777 %&o.kZLojek=kcylkelUrku'p


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13

o.kZ% µµµµµ o.ksZu v{kj% bafxr%A ikf.kfuuk o.kkZuka la[;k f="kf"V'prq""kfVokZ fuèkkZfjrkALoj% µµµµµ Loj% f=foèkk% & mnkÙk% vuqnkÙk% Lofjr'pA

mnkÙk% & ^mPpS#nkr%* vFkkZr~ mPpLojS% ; mPpfjr% l% mnkÙk%AvuqnkÙk%& ^lekgkj% Lofjr%* vFkkZr~ eè;eLojS% mPpfjro.kZ% Lofjrks HkofrA

ek=k% µµµµµ ek=k;k% vfHkçk;% LojkkkeqPpkj.ks dkyL; ifjek.ka HkofrA ek=k% f=foèkk%HkofUr & âLonh?kZIyqrk'p88888Aek=k;k% mPpkj.kle;% âLo%] ek=;ks% mppfjrle;% nh?kZ% ek=k.kkeqPpkj.kle;'pIyqrlaKd% HkofrA

cye~ µµµµµ cye~ f}çdkjda HkofrA LFkkua ç;Ru'pA eq[kL; ;Lekr~ LFkkukr~ ;L;o.kZL;ksPpkjka Hkofr rÙkL; LFkkueqP;rsA bekfu LFkkukfu v"VfoèkkfuAo.kZL;ksPpkj.kle;s eq[ksu ;% ç;kl% Hkofr l% ç;Ru% bR;qP;rsA v;af}foèk%&ckáH;Urj'pA ckáç;Ruk ,dkn'kèkk%&fookj&laokj&'okl&ukn& ?kks"kk?kks"k&vYiçk.k& egkçk.k&mnkÙk&vuqnkÙk&Lofjr'pA vkH;Urj&ç;Ru% prqfoZèk%&Li`"V&bZ"kRLi`"V&foo`r&lao`r'p99999 Hksnkr~A

lkeµ mfprçdkjs.k funksZ"kksPpkj.ka lke vfLrA1010101010

ikf.kuh;f'k{kkuqlkjs.k ßfunksZ"kksPpj.ks fuEu"kM~xq.kk% lfUr&êkèkq;Ze{kjO;fDr% inPNsnLrq lqLoj%AèkS;± y;leFkZ p "kMsrs ikBdk% xq.kk%û

ekèkq;Ze~ v{kjk.kka lqLi"Ve~ mPpkj.ka] infoPNsnua lqLojs.k vè;;u èkS;Zy;kH;k´piBua ,rs "kM~xq.kk% HkofUrAlUrku%µ ins"kq lfUufèk% lfUèk% lE;o~G çdkjs.k vk;kstue~A11

mi;qZDrfoospusu çrh;rs ;r~ mifu"kRdkyhuf'k{kk;ka osneU=k.kka lqLi"VksPpkj.kk;f'k{kk osnkaxL; egÙoiw.kZLFkkueklhr~A v|Ros beka ^QksusfVDl* dF;rsA

osn% Jqfrjfi dF;rsA xq#tuk% ;Fkk osneU=ku~ mPpkj;fUr f'k";Sjfi rFkSo dÙkZO;e~Av'kq¼ksPpkj.ksu eU=L;kFkksZ·fi v'kq¼ks HkofrA ;rks fg mPpkj.kHksns vFkZifjorZua HkofrA1212121212

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14

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ßj{kksgkxeyèolansgk%Þj{k.ke~ & osnkuka j{kkFk± O;kdj.keè;srO;e~A Hkk"kka yksikxeo.kZfodk& jknhuka Kkrk ,o

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O;kdj.keso rèkwik;% ;su 'kCnk% voxH;UrsAvlUnsg %& 'kadk;k% fuo`R;FkZefi O;kdj.kL; vè;;uefuok;Ze~A NkUnksX;ksifu"kfn

O;kdj.ke~ ôsnkuka osn% mDre~*AßO;kdj.ksu fg inkfnfoHkkx'k% ½Xosnkn;ks Kk;UrsÞ26

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bRFka vkSifu"kRdkys ikB~;Øes O;kdj.kL; vè;;efi HkofrA LeA ;rks fg vL;kè;uafouk O;k[;kuL; vFkZ p voxeuefrnq"dja vklhr~A


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15

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16

ßeU=k euukr~ NUnkafl Nknukr~Þ38

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vusu bna çrh;rs ;r~ mifu"kRdkys ,o vU;kfHk% fo|kfHk% lg ,dk;ue~(uhfr'kkL=e~) vfi] vè;;ukè;kius çpyfreHkor~A ,rUuhfr'kkL=e~ jktuhfr:ieklhfnfr


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17

vuqeh;rsA iqjk jktuhfr% vkpkj'kkL=kr~ i`Fkx~ Hkwre~ 'kkL=a uklhr~A rnkuhe~ jktku% vkpkje~O;ogkja p vusuSo 'kkL=s.k Kkrqa çHkofUr LeA4545454545

lanHkZ ladsrk%1- oSfnd lkfgR;L; bfrgkl] i`- 216-2- ikf.kuh; f'k{kk] i`- 203- ikf.kuh; f'k{kk] i`- 21-4- oS- lkdk bfr-] i`- 228- 5- rnso-6- rSfÙk- mi-] i`- 274-7- oS- lk- foe'kZ% i`- 230- 8- rnso] i`- 230-9- oS- lk- foe'kZ] i`- 230-10- rnso] i`- 230-11- rnso] i`- 231-12- ;kKoYdh; f'k{kk ikf.kuh; f'k{kk13- ½xkFkoZlwDr laxzg14- oSfndlkfgR;L;sfrgkl] i`- 231- 15- rnso] i`- 232-16- rnso-17- eq.M- mi-] i`- 83-18- ik- f'k-] i`- 21-19- oSfnd lkfgR;L;sfrgkl] i`- 231-20- ikf.kuh; f'k{kk] i`- 21-21- y?kqfl¼kUrdkSeqnh] Hkwfedk] i`- 3-22- oSfndlkfgR;L;sfrgkl] i`- 246-23- ½Xosn] 10@71@4- 24- rnso] 4@58@6-25- oSfndlkfgR;L;sfrgkl] i`- 246- 26- rnso] i`- 247-27- NkUn- mi-] 'kka- Hkk-] 7@1@2-28- mi- dk- lek- vkSj r-] i`- 243-29- ikf.kuh; f'k{kk] i`- 22-30- eq.M- mi-] i`- 8231- oSfndlkfgR;sfrgkl] i`- 251-32- oSfndlkfgR;foe'kZ] i`- 252- 33- rnsoA34- oSfndlkfgR; foe'kZ-] i`- 252-35- rnso] i`- 252-36- ikf.kfu f'k{kk] i`- 21-37- oSfnd lkfgR; dk bfrgkl] i`- 258-38- (v) rnso] i`- 258-m (vk) fu#Dr] 7@19-38- ikf.kfu f'k{kk] i`- 25-39- oSfnd lkfgR; dk bfrgkl] i`- 258-40- eq.M- mi-] i`- 82-4`1- Hkkjrh; laLÏfr vkSj mldk bfrgkl µ lR;dsrq fo|kyadkj] i`- 106- (çdk- µ ljLorh lnu] 7 ;w- ,-

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18

laLd`r ok³~e;s vFkZO;oLFkklaLd`r ok³~e;s vFkZO;oLFkklaLd`r ok³~e;s vFkZO;oLFkklaLd`r ok³~e;s vFkZO;oLFkklaLd`r ok³~e;s vFkZO;oLFkk

MkW- nhikyh [ktwfj;ktEe w

laLd`r ok³~e;e~ vfrfo’kkya orZrsA lqfoiqys lkfgR;s·fLeu~ vFkZO;oLFkk;k% fo”k;sfoLrjs.k ppkZfi izkI;rsA vFkZO;oLFkk’kCns iz;qDrkFkZ’kCnL; ,dkf/kdkFkkZ% HkofUrA ;Fkk iz;kstue~vfHkizk;% fo”k;% O;kikj% fgra /kua okA osnk% u dsoya HkkjrL; vfirq fo’oL;kL;vkfnxzUFkk%A osnk% [kyq lokZlka fo|kuka loZL; KkuL; ok ewyHkwrk bR;fLeu~ fo”k;s u foonUrseuhf”k.k%A ekuo thouL; ijey{;Hkwra iqq:”kkFkZ prq”V;efi osn eU=s”kq foLrjs.k izfrikfnraorZrsA /keZ]vFkZ]dkeeks{ks”kq fuf[kya ekuo thoua lekfgra HkofrA bna rq lqfofnresokfLr ;nFkZafcuk thoua u pyfrA vr,o iq:”kkFkZ prq”V;s·fi vFkZL; f}rh;a LFkkuefLrA vklhr~dks·fi le;% ;nk tuk% /keZeks{k;ks% fl);Fk± izkeq[;s iz;rUrs Le] ija lkEizfr ds dkysvFkZ dke;ksjso izk/kkU;a r=kfi p vFkZL; egÙoa loSZjso izfrfnueuqHkw;rsA ^vFkZL; iq#”kksnkl%* losZxq.kk% dk ~puekJ;Urs] ;L;kfLr fora l uj% dqfyu bR;kfn opukfu vFkZL;egÙoa izfrikn;fUrA vr,o iq#”kkFkZ prq”V;s·fi vFkZL; f}rh; LFkkue~ vfLrA orZeku le;sfuf[kys·fi lalkjs vFkkZtZueso ekuokuka izeq[k;ks|e%]vFkZizkI;Fk± lR; vlR;;ks /keZ&v/keZ;ks%iq.; iki;ksjfi ukfLr fpUrkA ija vU;k;su v/kesZ.k] vu`tquk ok ekxsZ.kkftZra /kua u dnkfilq[ka ‘kkfUr u iz;PNfrA ;fn ekuok% Jqfrizfrizfrikfnrka /kuktZukljf.kekJ;s;q% rkfgZlosZ”kkeso dY;k.ka Hkosr~A —RLus·fi laL—r ok³~e;s nkfjnz;a loZFkk fuU|a ere~A egkHkkjrs /kuL; egÙoa of.kZrefLrA /kuekgq% ija /keZ% /kus lo± izfrf”Bre~A dkSfVy;s·FkZ’kkL=s·fifofgrefLr ;r~ /keZL; ewyeFkZ%A mDra dsukfi fonq”kk ^nkfjnz;a “k”Ba egkikrde~A osns loZ=vFkZ izkIr;FkZ± ,oa fo/kk% izkFkZuk% izkI;UrsA ^vXuS u; lqiFkk jk;s]* o;a L;ke ir;ks j;h.kke~~bUnz Js”Bkfu nzfo.kkfu nsfg vLeklq Hknzk nzos.kkfu /kÙk ,oa fo/ks”kq eU=s”kq HknzL; Js”BL;]/keZekxsZ.kkftZrL; èkuL;So izkFkZuk orZrsA

oSfnd lekts —”kdk ,oa Js”BRoa /kkj;fUr LeA vk;Ztuk% i`fFkoha izfr vfr’k;aJ)kHkkoa izdV;fUrA rs i`fFkoh êkrk* vfr lEcks/k;fUrA ekrk i`fFkoh egh;e~A1 ßekrk Hkwfe%iq=ks·ga i`fFkO;k%AAÞ2

osns”kq vFkZL; vk/kkj Hkwrkfu rÙokfu lfUr& Hkwfe%] i’kko%] euq”;k’pA loZe~ vFkZrU=a=;k/khue~A Hkwfe vUu/kkU;knhukeqÙifr] [kfut nzO;k.kka izkfIr% o`{kkfnx`gfuekZ.k lk/kukfu pHkwfejso iz;PNfr vFkoZosnL; lqfo[;krs HkwfelwDrs i`fFkO;k% ljlkfrlla xfjekef.Mra]ân;kg~yknh o.kZua izkI;rsA êkrkHkwfe% iq=ks·ga i`fFkO;k%* b;a HkwfejLekda tuuh o;a p vL;k%i`fFkO;k% iq=:ik%A Hkwfj;ka losZ”kka Hkj.k iks”k.k dkjf;=h] les”kkeS’o;kZ.kka /kkjf;=h] vkJ;iznkf;uh]izfr”Bknkf;uh p orZrsA fo’oEHkjk olq/kkfu izfr”Bk fgj.;o{kk txrksfuos’kuh3 HkwfelwDrsHkwfeekrk vl—r fgj.;o{kk ;nsu lEekfurkA ,dfLeu eU=s dks·fi ns’kHkDr% i`fFkoh


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19

oUnuka dqokZ.k% mn~xk;fr&f’kyk Hkwfej’ek ikalq% lk Hkwfe% la/k`rk /k`rk rL;S fgj.;o{kls i`fFkO;k vdja ue%AA4

Hkwfj;a ukukfo/kS’o;kZ.kka [kfu%A vL;k% x`gklq fda ukfLr\ o;a izkFkZ;keks lqeuL;kuki`fFkoh ekrk vLeku~ fuf[kykfu olwfu iz;PNrq fuf/ka fcHkzrh cgq/kk xqá olq ef.ka fgj.;ai`fFkoh nnkÙkq esA

olwfu uks olqnk jklekuk nsoh n/kkrq lqeuL;ekrkAA5

i’ko%i’ko%i’ko%i’ko%i’ko% & vFkZizkIrs% vU;re vk/kkjks·fLr i’kq%A oSfnd lkfgR;s i’kq/kuL; egÙoa loZ=tsxh;rsA d`”;kèkkjHkwrk% i’ko% cgqfHk% izdkjS% jk”VªL; le`f) o`)kS dkj.kHkwrk HkofUrA osneU=s”kq i’kqj{kk;k% izkFkZuk oSfnd_”kh.kkaa i’kqizse izn’kZ;frA ;Fkk&

‘ka uks f};ns ‘ka prq”insA6

fiz;k inkfu i’koks fu ikfgA7

ek uks xks”kq ek uks v’ps”kq jhfj”k%A8

;|fi losZ·fi i’ko% j{k.kh;k% mi;ksfxu% le`f)iznkrkj’p HkofUr] ija xks/kuL;egÙoa uwueizfree~A osns xoka egÙoe~ vpZuh;Roa le`f)iznkf;Roa Hkw;ks Hkw;% la?kks”;rsAiqjdkys xks/kueso le`f)lwpdeeU;rA xksikyua loksZR—”Va deZ eU;rs Le] Hkkjrh;S% ;Fkk—f”k jk”VªeUu/kkU;kfUora djksfr rFkSo xoka ckgqY;efi vUuleL;keikdjksfrA xksfHk% ekuotkrsthoua ikfyra iksf”kr¥~p HkofrA ;Fkk xoka rFkkU;s”kka i’kwuke~ vFkZO;oLFkk;ka egÙoa fufoZoknesoAm|ksx% m|ksx% m|ksx% m|ksx% m|ksx% & m|ksxeUrjk u dks·fi ns’k% le`)s pjeksRd”kZrka izkIuksfrA oSfnd dkys Hkkjrh;k%f’kYi foKkus m|ksxkfn”kq p ijefuiq.kk% cHkwcq% osns vk/;kfRedKkusu lgSo HkkSfrd foKkuefiijka dksfVe~ vkVhdekue~ vklhr~A osns ukukfo/kf’kYidykikj³~xrk f’kfYiu% dk :insovfHk/kh;UrsA u dsoya iq:”kk vfirq uk;ksZ·fi f’kYi&fo/kk;ka fuiq.kk vklku~A rnkuhUruk%jktku% f’kfYiuka —rs f’k{k.kky;kuka LFkkiukedk”kqZ%A m|ksxdyk fuiq.kk f’kfYiu% ‘kL=kL=]oL=] foeku] ukSdk] x`g] peZ] fgj.;] jFkkfn fuekZ.ksu fufeZ;Urs LeA osn eU=s”kq otz]frXerstk] gsfr] çgsfr] /kwek{kh otz] o`/kqd.khZ otz vJqeq[kh otz] vfXuftàk otz] èkwef’k[kkotz {kqj&l`d&ioZ vfl&fu”³~x&/kuq fiukd&b”kq&Hkj&ck.ko`”kizHk`rh.kkia ‘kL=k.kka o.kZueq;yH;rsA;tqosZnL; “kksM’k f=a’kn v/;k;;ks eU=s”kq ukukfo/kf’kYihuka o.kZua oSfnd dkyhuks|ksxL; Lo:iaKkrqa ‘kD;rsA

ueLr{kH;ks jFkdkjsH;’p oks ueks ue% dqykysH;% dEekZjsH;’p oks ueksA9

u`=k; lwra xhrk;‘kSyw”ka esa/kk;S jFkdkja /kS ;kZ; r{kk.ke~A rils dSykya ek;k;S dekZja:ik; ef.kdkja ‘kqHks oia ‘kjO;k;k b”kqdkjaA gSR;S /kuq”dkja dek.ks T;kdkjaAA10

cksHkRlk;S ikSYdla o.kkZ; fgj.;dkja rqyk;S of.ktaA11

_Xosns iz;qDr% iw”kk flfj rUrq vhrq] rlj e;w[kkfn ‘kCnA oL=ks|ksxL; Lo:iaizfrikn;fUrA rnkuhUrus dkys oL=o;us L=h.kka izk/kkU;eklhr~A rk% oL= fuekZ.kdyk;ka ijadkS’kyekIroR; vklu~A ‘kriFk czkã.kks·fLeu~ fo”k;s fux|rs& r|Fkk&

,rRL=h.kka deZ ;nw.kkZlw=e~A12 oSfnd lafgrklq lw=fuekZ.k ladsrk% Li”V:is.k izkI;UrsAr|Fkk& ;ks ;KL; izlk/kuLrUrqnsZos”okrr%A13


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20

_rL; rUrqforZr% ifo= vk------A14

;Fkk orZeku le;s dy;U=s”kq fofo/kkfu oL=kf.k fuehZ;Urs rFkSo oSfnd dkys·fifuehZ;Urs LeA fu”d&:De&eh.k&d’ku~&fgj.;&[kkfn&izfrgLr&dad.k&lzt&dqjhj&vksi’kA izHkrhuka]/kkrqHkkekHkw”k.kkuka p iz;ksxs.k vkHkw”k.k fuekZ.k dyk;k% ladsrk% izkI;UrsA osneU=s”kq iz;qDrk%v;l jkSI; lqo.kZ =iq lhla izHk`r;’’kCnk% /kkrq|ksxa izfr;kn;fUrA ;Fkk& fgj.;a p es·;’p esa ‘;ke ~p esa yksg ~p esa lhl ~p esa =iq’p esa ;Ksu dYiUrke~A15

bRFkeso pekZs|ksxL;] dVfuekZ.kL;] Hkkstu;Kkfn ik=fuekZ.kL;] ty;ku ok;qFkku&fo|q|kuknhuka p o.kZusu rRdkyhueq|ksx&xkSjoa Kk;rsA osneU=s”kq okLrqdyk;k% fofo/kkfufun’kZukfu eukafl eksg;fUrA r= x`gk.kka x;% —nj% xÙkZ%] gE;±e] vLre~ ijR;e] nqjks.k%uhMe~] nq;kZ%] Loljf.k vek] ne%] d`fÙk%] ;ksfu] ‘k[e~ o:Fke~] NfnZ% Nk;k ‘keZ] vT;kn;ksHksnk%izfrikfnrk% lfUrA

oSfnddkys /kuk<;k% vfr/kuk<;k% lkekU;k% loZfo/kk% tuk% nz”Vqa ‘kD;UrsA rs pizk;’k% ifjJe‘khyk% m|ksfxuks cHkwoq%A ;FkksDra u_rs JkUrL; l[;k; nsok% m|ksfxuaiq:”kflageqiSfr y{eh% bPNfUr nsok% lqUoUra u LoIuk; Li`g;fUr ;kfUr izeknerUnzk%Aokf.kT;e izkphudkys ;Fkk d`f”k% leqUurk] i’kqikyua leqUura f’kYo fo|k ifjo`<k rFkSookf.kT;efi le`)eklhr~A izkphuk% vk;kZ% jgL;esrn~ vKkfl”kq ;n~ okf.kT;eUrj le`)eklhr~Aizkphuk% vk;kZ% jgL;esrn~~ vKkfl”kq ;n~ okf.kT;eUrj vFkZO;oLFkk u lqn`<+k HkforqegZfrAvFkoZossnL; r`rh;dk.ML; i ~pn’kres lwDrs okf.kT;;L; euksgkjh o.kZua ifBRok rRdkyhuaokf.kT;a Kkrqa ‘kD;rsA okf.kT;fodklk; ;s ;s mik;k% laHkofUr rs rs losZ r= okf.kZrk% lfUrAinkFkZfofue;L; je.kh;s fp=esda foyksD;rke~

nsfg es nnkfe rs fues /ksfg fu rs n/ksA fugkja p gjkfl es fugkja fugjkf.k rsA16

;s tuk% —f”k deZf.k] i’kqikyus] m|ksx okf.kT;O;olk;s vU;fLeu~ dfLeUufi okvFkkZtZu O;ogkjs fujrk% lHkHkou~ rs losZ jkT;su lajf{krk% cHkqoq%AdjO;oLFkkdjO;oLFkkdjO;oLFkkdjO;oLFkkdjO;oLFkk & vFkZO;oLFkk;ka djk/kkua egÙoiw.k± HkofrA jkT;a djk/kkusu fouk ;nesda upfyrqa ‘kDuksfrA jktk iztkH;% djxzg.ka dqq;kZfnR;fLeu~ fo”k;scgoks eU=k% n`f”ViFkek;kfUrA;FkkaA

bUnz lksea fic _rquk·Rok fo’kUrhUno%A eRljklLrnhdl%AA17

djL; d`rs cfy% ‘kq”d] iku gfr Hkkx bR;knh ‘kCnkuka iz;ksxk% eU=s”kq n`’;UrsAvFkoZosnL; eU=s jkKs izlUur;k djnkuk; tuk% izs;Urs&

djL;—rs cfy% ‘kq”d] iku] gfo Hkkx bR;knh ‘kCnkuka iz;ksxk% eU=s”kq n`’;UrsAvFkoZosnL; eU=s jkKs izlUur;k djnkuk; tuk% izs;Urs&

vPNkRok;Urq gfou% ltkrk vfXunwZrks vftj% lapkjrSAtk;k% iq=k% lqeulks HkoUrqq cgqa cfya izfri’;klk mxz%AA18

djk/kkuL;kL; iz;kstuUrq izKk&ikyua] j ~tua] lao/kZua okA egf”kZ n;kuUn% _XosnkfnHkkX;Hkwfedk;ka fo”k;s·fLeu Lofopkjku ,oa izdV;kekl& jkKka iztkuka jktiq:”kk.kk´~pdÙkZO;fena ;r~ rs ,oa foèkkeFkZO;oLFkka Lohd`;qZ% ;su vizkIrL; izkfIr% izkIrL; iz;Rusu j{k.ka


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21

jf{krL; o`f)% o`f) izkIrsu p èkusu osn fo|k;k% /keZL; p izlkj% Nk=k.kka osnekxksZins’kdkukeleFkZukeukFk ~p ikyua Hkosr~A

osnHkk”;a dqoZn~fHk% egf”kZo;SZ% osneU=.;k[;k;ka dj&iz;kstu feRFka izfrikfnre~ ^;%uì% iztkH;% dja Lohd`R; u iky;fr l% jktk nL;qleks orZrsA vr,o izKk jkKs djaiz;PNfr ;su lks·Leku~ iky;sr] jktk p r,nFkZeso ikyua djksfr ;su iztk dj n|kr~A

vFkoZosns jktk iztkH;ks·ftZrL; /kuL; “kksM’kreHkkxxzg.kk; fufnZ”Vks·fLr&;n~ jktkuks foHktUr b”Vk iwrZL; “kksM’ka ;eL;keh lHkkln%A

vfoLrLekr~ izeq ~pfr nÙk% f’kfrikr Lo/kkA19

;k=k;k=k;k=k;k=k;k=k& laLd`rlkfgR;s ;k=kO;kikjL;kfi o.kZua izkI;rsA _Xosns20 izkI;rs ;r~ v’oek/;esu‘okuek/;esu p LFkyekxZeoyEC; O;kikj% Hkofr LeA _Xosns21 rqxzukedL; jktiq=L;okj};L; ;k=kk;k% o.kZua izkI;rsA

oSfnd vFkZO;oLFkk;ka lfUr rs dsfpn~ foy{k.kk% xq.kk% ;su orZekudkys·fi rL;k%egÙoe{kq..kesoA ;fn o;a ifjokjs”kq lekts] ns’ks] fo’os ok vFkZsu lq[ka izlkjf;rqfePNkeLrfgZizpkjkss·L;k O;oLFkk;kLlqrjkeis{krsA vL;k% vFkZO;oLFkk;k% oSf’k”V~;fene~ O;kxHkkouk leRoHkkouk]izkf.kek=s len`f”V] ekuodY;k.kHkkouk] lgHkkstue~] v{kfuUnk] d`f”kiz’kalk ;Kh; Hkkouk]nkuHkkouk] HkkSfrd HkkoukHkfors orZeku;qxs ;fn oSfnd vFkZO;oLFkk;k xq.kk% LohfØ;Urs rfgZloZLo txr dy;k.keso L;kr~ ukLR;= eukxfi la’k;kolj%A

lanHkZladsrk%1- _0 1&64&132- vFkoZ0 12&1&123- vFkoZ0 12&1&64- vFkoZ0 12&1&265- vFkoZ0 12&1&446- vFkoZ0 14&2&407- _0 1&67&38- _0 1&11&489- ;tq0 16&2710- ;tq0 30&6&711- ;tq0 30&1712- ‘kriFk 12&7-2&11113- _x~ 10&57&214- _x~ 9&73&915- ;tq0 18&1316- ;tq0 3&5017- _x~ 1&15&118- vFkoZ0 3&4&319- vFkoZ0 3&2920- _0 8&36&2821- _0 1&116&3


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22

okLrqlkS[;L; ifj”khyua rL; ys[kdL; fooj.kokLrqlkS[;L; ifj”khyua rL; ys[kdL; fooj.kokLrqlkS[;L; ifj”khyua rL; ys[kdL; fooj.kokLrqlkS[;L; ifj”khyua rL; ys[kdL; fooj.kokLrqlkS[;L; ifj”khyua rL; ys[kdL; fooj.kŒŒŒŒŒppppp

“kqHk dqekj%izokpd laLÑr

jktdh; egkfo|ky;%] dBqvk

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23

fo}Ttukuqlkja foof/k[k.MkRed% v;a xzUFk% fofo/kS% “kkL=KS% fo}n~fHk% fyf[krks vfLrAvL; T;ksfr’kHkkxL; drkZ rkftduhyd.Bh xzUFkL; ys[kd% Jh uhyd.B% orZrsA3 vU;[k.Mkukays[kdk% vKkrukek orZUrsA4 vususna izrh;rs ;r~ VksMjkuUnxzUFkL; dkjf;rk JhVksMjkeYy%vfLr] ;% vkReu% laj{kdRoa vL; iz.k;ua fofo/kS% fo}fn~Hk% dkfjroku~A

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xzU;drq Z% Jh VksMjkeYyL; ifjp;% &xzU;drq Z% Jh VksMjkeYyL; ifjp;% &xzU;drq Z% Jh VksMjkeYyL; ifjp;% &xzU;drq Z% Jh VksMjkeYyL; ifjp;% &xzU;drq Z% Jh VksMjkeYyL; ifjp;% &lIrflU/kqizns”k% vfoLej.kh;kuka foHkwrhuka tuuh orZrsA ,rn~ns”kizlwrk% izfFkr;”kLdk%

tuk% tuuha tUeHkwfeŒp xkSjokfUorka ÑroUr%A bfrgkl fo/kkr`.kka ijEijk;ka V.Mu[k=hdqyksRiUu%eYyksikg~o;% jktk JhVksMj% egkjktL; vdcjL; jktlHkk;ka uojRus’kq jRufo”ks’k% flU/kqns”kkn~Hkwr%“kaflr%A iapunns”kL; yksdijEijkuqlkja izkphufo}TtukuqlkjŒp jkK% Jh VksMjeYyL; tUeykgkSj ¼ykHkiqj½ ns”ks vHkor~A dsfpr~ rq vL; tUe ykgkSjL; pwfu;klaKds xzkes vHkor~ bfrvkeufUrA11 vijerkuqlkja jktk VksMjeYy% vo/kizkUrL; ykgjiqjLFkkus tUe yC/koku~A vL;tuuha fo/kok vlhr~A vYis o;fl orZeku% JhVksMj% thoukjEHka fyfid bo Ñroku~AifjJedkS”kyiq#’kkFkSZ”p l% eqfLye jktlHkk;ka iz”kkldh; ina izfr’Bka p yC/koku~A

egkjkt VksMjL; oa”kijEijk VksMjkuUnL; izFkesHkkxs lxkZorkj lkS[;s izkI;rsA rnqulkjaV.Muksikg~o;s dqys cky tkr%A rfLeu~ dqys vrfy&nkeksnj&vLlw &}kjdknkl&f}teYy


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24

Hkxorhnkl% lŒtkrk%A JhVksMjeYy% HkxorhnklL; iq=% dfFkr%A12 Jh VksMjeYyL; tud%rL; “kS”kos ,o iapRoekIuksr~A13 l% thfodkFk± 1591 [kzh’VkCns eqT¶Qj[kk¡ egksn;L; lehiafyfidL; dk;Zedjksr~~A v/;;us rL; vfHk#fp% vrho vklhr~A 1592 res [kzh’VkCno’ksZ JhVksMjeYy% egkjktL; vdcjL; lsok;kekxroku~A xqtZjns”kL; fot;kuUrje’Vkn”k o’khZ;% v;ajktiq#’k% lŒtkr%A vdcjL; izfrfuf/k:is.k l% fogkjcx¡ mRdyns”kku~ foftroku~ }kfoa”kfro’khZ;% Jh VksMj% vdcjL; efU=RoekIuksr~A14

1570 res o’ksZ l% nhoku iney³~Ñroku~A15 jktLo e=hHkwRok l% fofHkUukfu la”kks/kukfuÑroku~A izFker% rsu ys[kk;k% Hkk’kkxr laLdkjks vdkfjA ,rr~ iwo± fgUnqfyfidkuka ¼eqgfjZj½vfHkys[k fgUnh Hkk’kk;ka eqfLyefyfidk ukekfHkys[k% QkjlhHkk’kk;keklhr~A Jh VksMj%dk;kZy;kfHkys[kL; Hkk’kk Qkjlh Hkk’kk bfr mn~?kksf’kroku~A jktiq#’kk.kka deZpkfj.kka Ñrs QkjlhKkuefuok;± Ñroku~A16

Hkwfefo’k;d la”kks/kuefi rsu Ñre~A l% Ñf’kdeZf.k iz;qDrs’kq Hkw[k.Ms’kq djlaxzga lL;ksRiknuafopk;Z i`Fkd~&i`Fkd~ Ñroku~A17 Hkwekius vfi la”kks/kueHkor~A ekiuk; iz;qDra ekiulw=arukchtjhclaKda LFkys tys p {k;a o`f)a p vokIuksfr LeA VksMjeYy% ‘kf’Vn.MekuL; oa”kn.MÑroku~A rUe/;s ykSgÜkà[kyk%18 HkofUr LeA ;Lekr~ ikFkZD;a u tk;rs LeA JhVksMjeYy% lokZu~izns”kku~ }kn”ktuins’kq foHkT; rs’kk n”ko’khZ;ka djO;oLFkka Ñroku~A :I;dL;ewY;kadua pRokfj”kan~^nke~* bR;Hkor~A

1570 laoRljs Lo.kkZr~ rkezeqnzki;ZUra la”kks/kueHkor~A lSfudkuka osrufu/kkZj.ka rSLlge`nqO;ogkj% Hkosr~] bR;fi Ñroku~A19 Ø;&foØ;&djlaxzg&osruknhuka Ñrs] uìknh.kka Ñrs pjtreqnzk ^V³~dk* vklhr~ fdUrq tuelkekU;s nke bR;L; izpueklhr~A ,oa rsu ns”kL;kFkZuhfrafu/kkZfjroku~A

bRFka foy{k.k izfrHkklEiUu% mxzLoHkkoks vuq”kklufiz;% deZf.k dq”ky% JhVksMjeYy%vkykspdS% fufUnr% vfi iz”kaflr% vklhr~A l% ewxyjkT;L; Hkw’k.k% vklhr~A [kqykl&rqy&rokjh[k*xzUFkkuqlkja l% iz”kkluL;] vFkZO;oLFkkik%] ys[kkfHkys[kL; dk;kZy;L; p eeZK% vklhr~A vL;dk;Zdky% 1565 ferkCnkr~ 1589 [kzh’VkCna ;kor~ vklhr~A20

lanHkZ ladsr%lanHkZ ladsr%lanHkZ ladsr%lanHkZ ladsr%lanHkZ ladsr%1- Hk`xjf=oZfl’B”p fo”odekZ e;LrFkkA ukjnks uXuftPpSo fo”kkyk{k% iqjUnj%AA

czãkdqekjks uUnh”k% “kkSudks xxZ ,o pA oklqnsoks vfu#)”p rFkk “kqØo`gLirhAAv’Vkn”kSrs fo[;krk% f”kYi”kkL=ksins”kdk%A eRL;iqjk.k 252/2&4

2- okLrqlkS[;e~] “yksd&63- MsfoM fiaxjs & T;ksfr”kkL= ,sLVªy ,.M eSFksesfVdy fyVjspj]


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25

, fgLVªh vkQ bfUM;u fyVjspj] Hkkx&6¼4½] i‘’B&1164- ds- ,e- ds- “kekZ] VksMjkuUn] tuZy vkQ xaxkukFk >k

fjlpZ bULVhV~;wV] Hkkx&3] 1945&46] i`’B&635- ds- ,e- ds- “kekZ] rFkSo i`’B&666- MsfoM fiaxjs & vijfyf[kr] i`’B&1167- ds- ,e- ds- “kekZ] rFkSo i`’B&668- ds- ,e- ds- “kekZ] rFkSo i`’B&669- MsfoM fiaxjs & iwoksZDr] i`’B&11610- MsfoM fiaxjs & iwoksZDr] i`’B&11611- vdcjh njokj] Hkkx&3 ¼fgUnh vuqokn jkepUn oekZ½] i`’B&11912- ds- ,e- ds- “kekZ] VksMjkuUn] tuZy vkQ xaxkukFk >k

fjlpZ bULVhV~;wV] Hkkx&3] 1945&46] i`’B&6413- vkbus vdcjh 2] i`’B&37814- vkbus vdcjh 2] i`’B&37615- vkbus vdcjh 2] i`’B&37716- vkbus vdcjh 2] i`’B&37717- vdcjh njckj 3] i`’B&14918- vycnk;wuh & fgLVªh vkQ bf.M;k] i`’B 19219- vdcjh njckj 3] i`’B&141] 14220- MsfoM fiaxjs & T;ksfr”kkL= ,sLVªy ,.M eSFksesfVdy fyVjspj]

, fgLVªh vkQ bfUM;u fyVjspj] Hkkx&6¼4½] i`’B&116


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26

laL—rok³~e; esa uhfr’kkL=h; xzUFkksa dh ijEijklaL—rok³~e; esa uhfr’kkL=h; xzUFkksa dh ijEijklaL—rok³~e; esa uhfr’kkL=h; xzUFkksa dh ijEijklaL—rok³~e; esa uhfr’kkL=h; xzUFkksa dh ijEijklaL—rok³~e; esa uhfr’kkL=h; xzUFkksa dh ijEijkmn~Hko ,oa fodklmn~Hko ,oa fodklmn~Hko ,oa fodklmn~Hko ,oa fodklmn~Hko ,oa fodkl

MkW-jkecgknqj¼’k qDy½Mk W-jkecgknqj¼’k qDy½Mk W-jkecgknqj¼’k qDy½Mk W-jkecgknqj¼’k qDy½Mk W-jkecgknqj¼’k qDy½

çksQslj laL—r foHkkx

tEew fo’ofo|ky;

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uL; fou;ks ewya fou;% ‘kkL=fu’p;%AuL; fou;ks ewya fou;% ‘kkL=fu’p;%AuL; fou;ks ewya fou;% ‘kkL=fu’p;%AuL; fou;ks ewya fou;% ‘kkL=fu’p;%AuL; fou;ks ewya fou;% ‘kkL=fu’p;%A

fou;ks ghfUnz;t;Lrn~;qDr’kkL=fePNfrAAfou;ks ghfUnz;t;Lrn~;qDr’kkL=fePNfrAAfou;ks ghfUnz;t;Lrn~;qDr’kkL=fePNfrAAfou;ks ghfUnz;t;Lrn~;qDr’kkL=fePNfrAAfou;ks ghfUnz;t;Lrn~;qDr’kkL=fePNfrAA6

vkSj uhfr;k¡ ftl fo/kk ;k ‘kkL= ls ‘kkflr gksrh gSa mls uhfr’kkL= dgk tk ldrkgSA ¼f’k”;rs vusu bfr ‘kkl&=y~n`r½ ,oa ‘kkL= dks okD;inh;dkj HkrZgfj tgk¡ us= dh laKknsrs gSa7 ogha xhrk esa o.kZu feyrk gS fd ‘kkL=kuqlkj dke djus ls O;fDr u rks lq[k dhizkfIr dj ikrk gS vkSj u gh mls eks{k dh ;k LoxZ dh izkfIr gksrh gS8 vkSj egf”kZ O;kl dg;g ekU;rk gS fd lc dqN vkRekuq’kklu ls izkIr gksrk gS9 ftldk ewy uhfr;ksa }kjk l`ftrvkpj.k gksrk gS] ftldk ewy ;k lzksr osn gSaA osnksa esa izkIr fofo/k laokn lwDrksa esa gesa dksbZu dksbZ uhfr fl[kk;h x;h gS pkgs og /keZuhfr gks] deZuhfr gks] laLdkj uhfr gks]vkpj.kuhfr gks] jktuhfr gks] O;ogkj uhfr gks] ;k vU; nSufUnuh dks izHkkfor djus okyh


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27

fofo/k uhfr;k¡A bu uhfr;ksa ds izorZd dksbZ u dksbZ _f”k Fks] ftudh la[;k Hkkjrh; erkuqlkjvBkjg ekuh tkrh gS os gSa&euq] ;kKoYD;] vf=] fo”.kq] gkjhr] m’kol~] vafxjk] ;e]dkR;k;u] o`gLifr] O;kl] n{k] izeq[k Le`fr;k¡ laLd`r ok³~e; esa izkIr feyrh gSa ftuesafofo/k uhfr;ksa dk fo’kn~ foospu of.kZr gSA10

ik’pkR; fo}ku~ vycs:uh Hkh ekurs gSa fd uhfr’kkL=ksa ;k Le`fr;kas dk mn~xe osn gSa]ftUgsa czãk ds chl iq=ksa us l`ftr fd;kA os gSa& vkiLrEc] ijk’kj] ‘kkrri ¼’kriFk½]lkeorZ] n{k] ofj”B] vf³~xjl] ;e] fo”.kq] euq] ;kKoYD;] vf= ] gkjhr] fyf[kr] ‘ka[k]xkSre] o`gLifr] dkR;k;u] O;kl rFkk m’kul~A11 vycs:uh us nsoy] ‘kqØ] HkkxZo] c`gLifr];kKoYD; ,oa euq dks egf”kZ O;k; ds NS% Le`frdkj f’k”; ekuk gSA12 ;gk¡ Hkkjrh; er ghizklf³~xd fn[krk gS ftlesa vBkjg Le`fr;ksa ds gksus dh foo{kk lkfey gSA egf”kZ O;kl dserkuqlkj rks ,d yk[k v/;k;ksa okys Le`fr’kkL= ds izFke jpukdkj czãk Fks] ftls;qxifjorZu dks /;ku esa j[kdj Hkxoku f’ko us nl gtkj v/;k;ksa esa djds laf{kIr fd;kAbUnz us bl gtkj v/;k;ksa okys oS’kkyk{k uked uhfr’kkL= dks ik¡p gtkj v/;k;ksa esa laf{kIrdh mldk uke ßckgqnUrdÞ j[kk] tks vkxs pydj ßckgZLiR;’kkL=Þ ds :i esa laf{kIr fd;k]tks ßvkS’kulh uhfrÞ ds uke ls foJqr gqvkA lEizfr izkIr ‘kqØuhr ßvkS’kulh uhfrÞ ukedxzUFk dk i;kZ; ekuk tk ldrk gS13] ftldk dysoj vR;Ur laf{kIr gS tcfd vU;fooj.kkuqlkj uhfrK fuEuor~ gh FksA

;Fkk&

uhfrKkids vkS’kul’kqØdkeUnd&i´~prU=huhfrlkj uhfrekykuhfre;w[kfgrksins’kpk.kDlkjlaxzgk|kRed’kkL=s HkkxZoks uhfr ‘kkL=a rq txkn txrksfgre~A14

‘kCndYinzqi ds fooj.kkuqlkj

^vU;Ùkq vkS’kulw=dkeUndi ~prU=uhfre;w[kfgrksins’kpk.kD;Hkkjrhjkt/kekZnkS nz”VO;e~*15

:i esa izeq[k uhfrKksa ,oa uhfr’kkL=h; xzUFkksa dh lwpuk feyrh gSA

vkpk;Z lk;.k ekurs gSa fd ßb”VizkIR;fu”Vifjgkj;ksjykSfddeqik;a ;ks xzaFkksa osn;fr ;%osn%16 vFkkZr~ osn og xzUFk gSa tks b”V dh izkfIr ,oa vfu”V dks jksdus dk mik; crykrs gSaAegf”kZ ;kLd dh Hkh ;gh ekU;rk gS17 vU; uhfrK Hkh ekurs gSa fd&

Jqfr% Le`fr’p foizk.kka u;us }s izdhfrZrsAJqfr% Le`fr’p foizk.kka u;us }s izdhfrZrsAJqfr% Le`fr’p foizk.kka u;us }s izdhfrZrsAJqfr% Le`fr’p foizk.kka u;us }s izdhfrZrsAJqfr% Le`fr’p foizk.kka u;us }s izdhfrZrsA

dk.k% L;knsd;k ghuks }kH;keU/k% izdhfrZr%AAdk.k% L;knsd;k ghuks }kH;keU/k% izdhfrZr%AAdk.k% L;knsd;k ghuks }kH;keU/k% izdhfrZr%AAdk.k% L;knsd;k ghuks }kH;keU/k% izdhfrZr%AAdk.k% L;knsd;k ghuks }kH;keU/k% izdhfrZr%AA1818181818

vFkkZr~ osn vkSj /keZ’kkL= ekuoek= ds mRFkku ds lzksr gSaA ßosnks·f[kyks /keZewye~Þßosnks·f[kyks /keZewye~Þßosnks·f[kyks /keZewye~Þßosnks·f[kyks /keZewye~Þßosnks·f[kyks /keZewye~Þ:i esa euqLe`frdkj Hkh ekurs gSaA osn vk;Z /keZ ,oa uhfr dh vk/kkj f’kyk ,oa mudsewyrÙoksa dks tkuus ds ,dek= lk/ku gSaA ftu _Xosnh; oSfnd vk[;kuksa dks uhfr’kkL=h;xzUFkksa ds l`tu dk ewy mRl ekuk tk ldrk gS os fuEuor~ gSa&

1- fo”.kq ds rhu iSj ¼f=foØe½&_Xosn 1@154 esa o.kZu feyrk gS fd fo”.kq us vius rhuiSjksa ls rhu yksdksa dks uke fy;lA ,d ls |qyksd] nwljs ls vUrfj{k vkSj rhljs ls


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28

HkwyksdA blh laokn lwDr ds vk/kkjij Hkxoku fo”.kq ds okeukorkj rFkk cfy dh dFkkiqjk.kksa esa l`ftr gqbZA blesa nkuuhfr }kjk yksdksins’k ,oa lektlq/kkj dk ladhrZu gSA

2- bUnze:r] vxLR; laokn] ¼_Xosn 1@165 rFkk 1@170½] vxLR; vkSj yksikeqnzklaokn ¼_Xosn 1@179½] ‘kuq%’ks”kk[;ku ¼_Xosn 1@124½] bUnz&o`=&;q) ¼_Xosn2@12½ ;k x`Rlen esa Kku uhfr dh ppkZ of.kZr feyrh gSA

3- _Xosn ds r`rh; e.My esa of’k”B vkSj fo’okfe= laokn ¼3@53] 7@33½] lkse dkvorj.k ¼3@33½] fo’okfe= unh laokn ¼3@33½ dh ppkZ gSA ftlesa fo’okfe= unhlaokn esa ck<+ vkbZ gqbZ ufn;ksa dks ‘kkar jgus ds fy, fo’okfe= muls izkFkZuk djrs gSAmDr lDrksa esa en ‘keu uhfr dk fooj.k ladhfrZr gSA

4- _Xosn ds prqFkZ e.My esa bUnz] vfnfr ,oa okeosn dk laokn ¼_Xosn 4@18½] ,oai ~pe e.My esa «;#.k vkSj o`’ktku dh dFkk ¼_Xosn 5@2½] vfXu dk tUe¼5@11½] ,oa ‘;kok’o dh dFkk ¼_Xosn 5@32 ,oa 5@61½ dh dFkk of.kZr feyrh gSAftlesa ‘;kok’o lwDr vR;Ur eguh; gSA blesa ‘;kok’o vkSj jktk jFkohfr dh dU;kdk iz.k; o.kZu gSA ’;kok’o jFkohfr dh dU;k ls izse djrk gS] fdUrq jFkohfr dhiRuh fdlh lq;ksX; fo}ku~ ls viuh dU;k dk fookg djuk pkgrh gSA ‘;kok’o fo}ku~gksdj vkrk gS vkSj mldk fookg jFkohfr dh dU;k gks tkrk gSA blesa lUrku uhfrizkIr gSA ‘kkL=fon~ ekurs Hkh gS ßdU;k oj;rs :ia ekrk foÙke~] firk Jqre~AÞ

5- _Xosn ds “k”B e.My esa c`gLifr dk tUe ¼_Xosn 6@71½] ,oa lIre e.My esa jktklqnkl dh dFkk ¼7@18½] ugq”k dh dFkk ¼7@95½] of’k”B vkSj bUnz dk laokn¼7@33½ ,oa e.Mw.d lwDr ¼_Xosn 7@103½ izeq[k gSa ftlesa e.Mwd lwDr ls ;guhfr of.kZr feyrh gS fd ßfoHkw”k.ka ekSueif.Mrkuke~ÞA blesa o”kkZ _rq esa cksyrs gq,es<+dksa dh osnikBh czkã.kksa ls rqyuk dh x;h gSA

6- _Xosn ds v”Ve e.My esa bUnz&use laokn ¼_Xosn 8@89½ ,oa vikyk ¼_Xosn8@91½ fooj.k gS ftlesa fL=;ksa dh f’k{kk ,oa muls izkIr gksus okys ;’k dk ladsrfeyrk gSA

7- _Xosn ds n’ke e.My esa foo/k laokn lwDr of.kZr feyrs gSa ;Fkk& bUnz] olqØ rFkkolqØ iRuh laokn ¼_Xosn 10@27] 28½] ;e ;eh laokn ¼10@10½] ljek if.k laokn¼10@108½] vfXu rFkk nsoksa dk laokn ¼10@51@52½] bUnz&bUnzk.kh rFkk o`”kkdfilaokn ¼10@86½] iq:jok vkSj moZ’kh laokn ¼10@95½] ukHkkusfn”V ¼10@61] 62½]o`”kkdfi ¼10@86½] nsokfi vkSj ‘kkUruq ¼10@98½] ufpdsrk ¼10@135½] lklse lw;kZlwDr ¼10@85½] v{klwDr ¼10@34½ izeq[k gSA

¼v½ ;e ;eh laokn ¼_Xosn 10@10½ _Xosn ds n’ke e.My esa izkIr bl laokn esa ;e ;ehHkkbZ cgu gSa] ijUrq ;eh ;e ls l`f”V ds fy, iz.k; dh ;kpuk djrh gSA ;e bls vuSfrdvkSj vuqfpr crkdj bl izkFkZuk dks vLohdkj dj nsrk gSA ;Fkk& ikiegq;Z% LolkjafuxPNkr~ ¼_Xosn 10@10@12½ ls Li”V gSA okLro esa ;e ¼fnu] le; dk fu;ked½ vkSj


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29

;eh ¼jkf=] le; dh fu;kfedk½ Å”kk vkSj lU/;k ds O;o/kku ds dkj.k dHkh fey ughaldrsA blds }kjk f’k{kk nh x;h gS fd HkkbZ cgu dk fookfgd lEcU/k oftZr gSA euqLe`frvkfn ds rF; blh ls izHkkfor gSaA

¼c½ v{k lwDr ¼_Xosn 10@34½ esa |wr ØhM+k ds nks”k oftZr gSa rFkk ;gk¡ —f”k deZ dks Js”Bcrk;k x;k gSA tqvkM+h fdl izdkj nks”kh] ikih vkSj nq%f[kr gksrk gS] bldk blesa lthofp=.k gSA egkHkkjr esa izkIr |wrØhM+k fo”k;d o`ÙkkUr dk ;g mRl ekuk tk ldrk gSA

¼l½ lkselw;kZ lwDr ¼_Xosn 10@85½ bl lwDr esa lw;kZ lw;Z dh iRuh gSA mldk fookg lkse¼pUnzek½ ds lkFk gksrk gSA lw;Z viuh iq=h lw;kZ dks pUnzek dks lefiZr dj] mls x`gLFkksfprf’k{kk nsrk gSA blesa fookg laLdkj ,oa oSokfgd dÙkZO;ksa dk o.kZu gSa fofo/k /keZlw=] x`álw=],oa Le`fr;ksa esa lfUufgr laLdkj fo”k;d dFkkoLrq dk ;g mn~xe LFkku ,oa lzksr ekuk tkldrk gSA ;tqosZn dh ekU;rkuqlkj pUnzek Lo;a izdk’kghu gSA lw;Z dh lq”kqEufdj.k ls ogizdkf’kr gksrk gS ;Fkk& lq”kqE.k% lw;Zjf’e’pUnzek xU/koZ% ¼;tqosZn 18@40½A ;kLd Hkh dgrsgSa fd ßvFkkI;L;Sdks jf’epUnzela izfr nhI;rsA vkfnR;rks·L; nhfIrHkZofr ¼fu#Dr 2@6½Ablls iRuh dh lfpo] ,oa lg/kfeZ.kh gksus dh foo{kk dk ladsr izkIr feyrk gSA fofo/kLe`fr;ksa esa iRuh dh mDr Hkwfedk nz”VO; gSA

¼n½ iq:jok moZ’kh laokn lwDr ¼_Xosn 10@95½ blesa iq:jok dh moZ’kh izse esa fog~oy gksusesa moZ’kh mls vkRegR;k djus ls jksdrh ,oa le>krh gS vkSj dgrh gS fd fL=;ksa dk izsefpjLFkk;h ugha gksrk vkSj os dsoy /kuyksyqi gksrh gSaA ;Fkk&

iq:jok ek e`Fkk ek iz iIrks ek Rok o`dklks vkf’kokl m{ku~Aiq:jok ek e`Fkk ek iz iIrks ek Rok o`dklks vkf’kokl m{ku~Aiq:jok ek e`Fkk ek iz iIrks ek Rok o`dklks vkf’kokl m{ku~Aiq:jok ek e`Fkk ek iz iIrks ek Rok o`dklks vkf’kokl m{ku~Aiq:jok ek e`Fkk ek iz iIrks ek Rok o`dklks vkf’kokl m{ku~A

u oS L=S.kkfu l[;kfu lfIr] lkyko`dk.kka ân;kU;srkAA _0 10@95@15u oS L=S.kkfu l[;kfu lfIr] lkyko`dk.kka ân;kU;srkAA _0 10@95@15u oS L=S.kkfu l[;kfu lfIr] lkyko`dk.kka ân;kU;srkAA _0 10@95@15u oS L=S.kkfu l[;kfu lfIr] lkyko`dk.kka ân;kU;srkAA _0 10@95@15u oS L=S.kkfu l[;kfu lfIr] lkyko`dk.kka ân;kU;srkAA _0 10@95@15

¼;½ ljek if.k laokn ¼_Xosn 10@108½ esa o.kZu gS fd if.k bUnz dh xk;ksa dks pqjk ys tkrsgSaaA ljek ¼nsolqjh½ bUnz ds vkns’kkuqlkj xk;ksa dks <wa<us tkrh gS vkSj vUr esa mldk irkyxkrh gSaA bleaas pkS;Z deZ otZu ,oa nku uhfr ds mRl izkIr feyrs gSaA

_Xosn ds n’kee.My esa izkIr vU; laoknksa esa ufpdsrk ¼10@135½ vR;Ur egÙoiw.kZgS] ftlesa ;g uhfr of.kZr gS fd Js; ekxZ dk oj.k gh djuk pkfg, u fd izs;ekxZ dkAizk;% lHkh _f”k eqfu;ksa us Js;ekxZ dk oj.k dj gh mÙkeksÙke in~oh dks izkIr fd;k FkkA

_XoSfnd foospu ls Li”V gS fd uhfrxzUFkksa ds l`tu dk vk/kkj dfooÙnksa ds fy,_Xosn] jkek;.k] egkHkkjr ,oa fofo/k iqjk.k xzUFk gh FksA _XoSfnd e.Mwd lwDr ds ek/;els es<+dksa dks o”kZ Hkj riL;k djus okyk czkã.k dg fn;k x;kA19 _Xosn ¼10@108½ esansolquh ljek vkSj if.k;ksa ds laokn esa ljek ¼dqfr;k½ }kjk if.k;ksa ¼—i.kksa½ dks /ku nkunsus dk mins’k nsrh gSA ;gk¡ HkrZgfj ds uhfr’krd esa izkIr ßnkusu dn;± th;kr~Þ dk lzksrekuk tk ldrk gSA nku ikdj izlUu if.k ljek dks fe= vkSj cfgu dgdj cqykrs gSaA21

blls tho tUrqvksa ds lkFk vkReh;rk dk cht izdV gksrk gSA ;gh okLro esa uhfrdFkklkfgR;dk cht gSA


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30

egf”kZ ;kLd ds fu#Dr esa ßbR;Sfrgkfldk%Þ dgdj _Xosn ds f}rh; e.My esa izkIrbUnz&o`=&;q) vkfn dks dFkk dk :i fn;k gSA c`gn~nsork ,oa dkR;k;u dh lokZuqØe.kh dh“kM~xq#f’k”; d`r osnkFkZ nhfidk dh Vhdk esa _Xosn dFkkvksa dh foLr`r :i izkIr feyrk gSAiUnzgoha ‘krkCnh ds ß|k f}osnÞ us viuh uhfreatjh esa oSfnd vk[;kuksa dks uhfrdFkk ds :iesa izLrqr fd;k gSA blesa mins’kkRed va’k i ~prU= vkfn ds leku i| esa gSa vkSj dFkkoSfnd gSA og x| esa nh x;h gSA ß}k lqi.kkZ l;qtkl[kk;kÞ ¼_Xosn 1@164@20½ esa iz—fr dks o`{k vkSj thokRek rFkk ijekRek dks ml o`{k ij cSBs gq, nks i{kh crk;k x;k gSA

czkã.k xzUFkksa esa oSfnd dFkk,¡ vius foLr‘r :i esa izkIr gksrh gSaA ,srjs; czkã.k¼7&13½ esa dFkk ds lkFk mins’kkRed i|ksa dks Hkh lekos’k feyrk gSA NkUnksX;mifu”kn~2121212121 esa,d O;aX; dFkk esa Hkkstu ds fy, dqÙks viuk ,d usrk pqurk gSA mlh esa nks galksa dsokrkZyki ls jSDo dk /;ku vk—”V gksrk gSA2222222222 NkUnksX;ifu”kn~ esa gh tckyk ds iq= lR;dkedks cSy gal rFkk en~xq ¼,d typji{kh½ czãfo|k dk mins’k nsrs gS]2323232323 ftldk lkE;nÙkk=s; dgha Hkh] fdlh Hkh le;] fdlh ls izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA

fofo/k uhfrxzUFkksa ds v/;;u ls fofnr gksrk gS fd mUgksaus vius uhfrxzUFkksa ds l`tuds fy, jkek;.k rFkk egkHkkjr dh dFkkoLrq ls izjs.kk ,oa fo”k;oLrq xzg.k dh gSA egkHkkjresa i’kq dFkk,¡ vR;Ur fodflr :i esa feyrh gSA2424242424 ‘kkfUrioZ rFkk vU; ioks± esa i ~prU= dhdFkk ds fy, mi;ksxh lEiw.kZ fo”k;oLrq izkIr feyrh gSA blesa lksus dh v.Mk nsus okyhfpfM+;k dh dFkk gSA /kkfeZd fcYyh dh Hkh dFkk gS] tks vius lkfFk;ksa dks /kks[kk nsdj ywVdk eky vius vf/kdkj esa dj ysrk gSA vkfnioZ esa dqÙks dh dFkk] xt&dPNi dFkk] ouioZesa euq&eRL; dFkk lfgr ‘kkfUrioZ esa ckjg izeq[k uhfrdFkk,¡ nz”VO; gSA jkek;.k esa Hkkrìzse]iq=izse rFkk jkt/keZ] lEcU./kh fofo/k uhfr;k¡ nz”VO; gSaA egf”kZ ir ~tfy ¼150 bZ0iw0½ usdFkklwpd yksdksfDr;ksa vktdìk.kh; ¼v”Vk0 2@1@3½] dkdrkyh; ¼2@4@9 ,oa 5@3@106½vkfn rFkk tUefl) ‘k=qrk ds mnkgj.k ds :i esa vfgudqye] dkdksywdh;e~ tSlhuhfrdFkkvksa dk mYys[k fd;k gSA

ckS)ksa dh tkrd dFkk,¡ 380 bZ0iw0 ds yxHkx izdk’k esa vk pqdh FkhaA blesa cq)dh mins’k xkFkk,¡] cksf/klÙo ds okuj] e`x vkfn tUeksa dh dFkk,¡ gS] ftudk i ~prU= dhdFkkvksa ls vR;Ur lkE; gSA vk;Zlwj dh tkrdekyk laL—r esa gSA blesa 35 tkrdksa dslaxzg ds :i esa uhfr dFkk,¡ izkIr feyrh gSA ckS) tkrd xzUFksa ds vuqdj.k ij tSuksa us Hkhtkrd xzUFk fy[ksA dqN tSu tkrdksa ij iaprU= dk izHkko fn[kk;h iM+rk gSA gfj”ks.k dso`gRdFkkdks’k ¼932bZ0½ esa ,d ,d tSu fl)kUr ds fy, vusd dFkk,¡ feyrh gSA r`rh;‘krkCnh bZ0 iw0 ds Hkjgqr Lrwi ij i’kqdFkkvksa dk uke Hkh [kqnk feyrh gSA2525252525 blls Li”VgS fd bZloh lu~ ls iwoZ Hkkjr esa uhfr’kkL=h; xzUFkksa dk i;kZIr fodkl gks pqdk FkkA

miyC/k uhfr’kkL=h; xzUFkksa dks fuEufyf[kr :i esa j[kk tk ldrk gS&xzUFk xzUFkdrkZ le; ¼laHkkfor½

1 o`gRdFkk xq.kk<~; ¼iS’kkph Hkk”kk esa½ 78bZ0


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31

2 xkFkklIr’krh lrokgu jktk gky ¼izkd`rHkk”kk½ 78bZ03 tkrd ekyk vk;Zlwj 400bZ0iw04 i´~prU= fo”.kq’kekZ 345bZ0iw0&300bZ0iw05 c`gRdFkk’yksd laxzg usiky ds cq/kLokeh vkBoha] uoha ‘krkCnh6 pk.kD;’krd pk.kD; le; vfu.khZr7 fgrksins’k ukjk;.k if.Mr n’koha ‘krkCnh8 izlUulkfgR;jRukdj if.Mr uUnu n’koha ‘krkCnh9 lqHkkf”kr jRu lUnksg vferxfr 933bZ010 f=”kf”V’kykdkiq:”kpfjr gsepUnz 11oha ‘krkCnh

ifjf’k”VioZ11 c`gRdFkke´~tjh {ksesUnz 1037bZ012 pk#p;kZ {ksesUnz 1050bZ013 lsO;lsodksins’k {ksesUnz 1050bZ014 niZnyu {ksesUnz 1050bZ015 dFkklfjRlkxj lksenso 1063&1081bZ016 dohUnzjlleqPp; ys[kd vfu.khZr 1100bZ017 ‘kqdlIrfr ys[kd vKkr 1100bZ018 dohUnzopu leqPp; if.Mrfo|kdj 1100bZ019 vfHkykf”krkFkZfpUrkef.k

¼ekyksYykl½ lkses’oj 1131bZ020 vk;kZlIr’krh xkso/kZu 1169bZ021 osrkyiapfoa’kfrdk f’konkl 1200bZ022 osrkyiapfoa’kfrdk taHkynÙk 1200bZ023 lnqfDrd.kkZe`r ¼lwfDrd.kkZe`r½ Jh/kjnkl 1205bZ024 lwfDreqDrkoyh

¼lqHkkf”kr eqDrkoyh½ tYg.k 1257bZ025 lwfDrjRukdj fl)pUnzef.k 13oha ‘krkCnh mÙkjk)Z26 izcU/kfpUrkef.k es#rqaxkpk;Z 1350bZ017 lqHkkf”krlq/kkfuf/k lk;.k 1350bZ028 ‘kk³~xZ/kji)fr ‘kk³~xZ/kj 1362bZ029 lwfDrjRukdj dfy³~xjk; 14oha ‘krkCnh mÙkjk)Z30 dkO;laxzg thojuUnfo|klkxj 1447bZ031 lqHkkf”krkofy ldydhfrZ 1450bZ032 izl³~xjRukofy isr;k;Z 1466bZ033 lqHkkf”krkofy Jhoj 1480bZ034 i|koyh :ixksLokeh 1490bZ0


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32

35 izlUulkfgR;jRukdj if.MruUnu 15oha ‘krkCnh mÙkjk)Z36 lwfDreqDrkoyh lkseizHkkpk;Z 1500bZ037 lqHkkf”kruhoh osnkUrnsf’kd 1500bZ038 fo|k/kjlglzdkj fo|k/kjfeJ 1500bZ039 lqfDrokfjf/k isfM~MHkê 1500bZ040 iq#”kijh{kk fo|kifr 14oha ‘krkCnh41 dFkkdkSrqd Jhohj dfo 1451bZ042 lwfDreqDrkoyh fo|k/kjfuokl ds iq= fo’oukFk 1500bZ043 lqHkkf”krkoyh oYyHknso 1500bZ044 izLrkojRukdj gfjnk 16oha ‘krkCnh iwokZ)Z45 lqHkkf”krgkjkoyh gfjdfo 14oha ‘krkCnh mÙkjk)Z46 HkkstizcU/k oYykylsu 14oha ‘krkCnh47 i|jpuk y{e.kHkê 1600bZ048 lqHkkf”kr dkSLrqHk osadVk/owjh 1650bZ049 lwfDrlqUnje~ lqUnjnso 17oha ‘krkCnh50 mins’k’krd xqekuhdfo 17oha ‘krkCnh iwokZ)Z51 i|rjf³~x.kh oztukFk 17oha ‘krkCnh52 i|os.kh os.khnÙk 17oha ‘krkCnh53 i|ke`rrjkf³~x.kh gfjHkkLdj 17oha ‘krkCnh54 jfldthoue~ xnk/kjHkê 17oha ‘krkCnh55 lH;kHkj.ke~ HkêxksfoUnftr 17oha ‘krkCnh56 lH;Hkw”k.keatjh xkSre 17oha ‘krkCnh57 lwfDrekfydk if.Mrukjksfr 17oha ‘krkCnh58 cq/kHkw”k.ke~ ‘kEHkq 1690bZ059 dohUnzd.Bk Hkj,k fo’os’ojik.Ms; 18oha ‘krkCnh60 bf.M’ksLizw[ks ¼Hkkjrh;lwDre%½ MkW0 ckVfyad 19oha ‘krkCnh61 le;ksfpri/kjRuekfydk ekrìzlknik.Ms; 1938bZ062 lqHkkf”krjRuHkk.Mkxkj f’konÙk rFkk ukjk;.kjkekpk;Z 1952bZ063 mn~HkVlkxj iw.kZpUnznso 1952bZ064 lq’yksd yk?koe~ foB~ByiUr 20oha ‘krkCnh65 laLd`r lwfDr jRukdj MkW0 jketh mik/;k; 1968bZ066 lwfDreqDrkoyh MkW0 ujsUnz nso ‘kkL=h 20oha ‘krkCnh mÙkjk)Z2626262626

mDr xzUFkksa ds vfrfjDr ftu uhfr’kkL=h; xzUFkksa dh jpuk ijorhZ dky esa dh x;hmu ij Hkh oSfnd lkfgR;] jkek;.k ,oa egkHkkjr dkyhu uSfrd ewY;ksa dh Nki iM+h gksxhAdkfynkl ls ysdj vk/kqfud dky ds dfo;ksa }kjk jfpr uhfr’kkL=h; xzUFkksa ds fy, mDrxzUFk gh izek.k jgsA dqN dfo;ksa us rks vius ls iwoZ dfo;ksa dh jpukvksa ls uhfrlEer rF;


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33

fudkydj lqHkkf”kr xzUFkksa dh jpuk dj MkyhA muesa izeq[k gS& ?kklhjke lax`ghr i|eqDrkoyh]xksfoUnHkê dh i|eqDrkoyh] iq#”kksÙke dh lqHkkf”kreqDrkoyh eFkqjkukFk dh lqHkkf”kreqDrkoyh]pUnzpwM dh izLrkofpUrkef.k] Jhiky laxzghr izLrkorjf³~x.kh] jke’kekZ dk izLrkolkjlaxzg]ds’koHkê dh izLrkoeqDrkoyh] yksfgR;lsu dk izLrkolkj] gfjHkkLdj dh i|ke`rrjf³~x.kh]dfoHkê dj i|laxzg] osadVk/ofj dk lqHkkf”krdkSLrqHk] ldydhfrZ dk lqHkkf”krkoyh] Hkê—”.kdk lqHkkf”krjRudks’k] mekegs’ojHkê dk lqHkkf”krjRukoyh] ‘kEHkqnkl dk lkjlaxzg] HkêxksfoUnftr~dk lkjlaxzglq/kk.kZo] osadVukFk dk lqHkkf”kruhfo] |kf}osn dh uhfreatjh] Jhfuoklkpk;Z dhlqHkkf”krinkoyh] pØofÙkZ osadVkpk;Z laxzghr lqHkkf”kreatjh] xksihukFk dk lqHkkf”krloZLoe~]y{e.k dh lwDrkoyh] dsykM+h oloIikuk;d dk lqHkkf”krlqjnzqe] [k.Msjk; olR;rhUnz dklqHkkf”krlqjnzqe] eqfuosnkpk;Z dk lqHkkf”k jRukdj] —”.k lax`ghr lqHkkf”krjRukdj] mekifr dklqHkkf”krjRukdj ,oa ds0,l0 HkkVoMsdj dk lqHkkf”kr jRukdjA

dbZ fo}kuksa us ,d uke ls gh uhfrlEcU/kh xzUFkksa dh jpuk dh gSa ;g Li”V gS] ijUrqvkt uhfrlEcU/kh xzUFkksa ds l`tu dh ijEijk murh le`) ugha jg x;h] ftruh ekS;Zdky,oa xqIrdky esa FkhA bldk dkj.k ‘kk;n ;g gS fd vkt ;qxkuq:i dkO;l`tu djuk vk/kqfud dfo;ksa dk ;qx/keZ ,oa dÙkZO; cu x;k gSA gk¡] viuh dkO;/kfeZrk esa og chp&chp esadkfynkl] HkoHkwfr] ek|] Hkkjfo vkfn ls izHkkfor gksdj] mlesa pkj pk¡n yxkus ds fy,uhfr lEcU/kh dqN foe’kZ vo’; j[k nsrs gSaA fu%lansg :i esa ;gk¡ ;g dguk vHkhfIlrizrhr gksrk gS fd uhfr’kkL=h; xzUFkksa ds lzksr rks _Xosn ,oa vFkoZosn ,oa muls lEcfUèkrxzUFk gh gSa] ijUrq uhfr’kkL=h; xzUFkksa dk l`tu dkuy dk izkjEHk ekS;Zdky ¼350bZ0iw0 dsyxHkx½ ls ekuk tk ldrk gSA rc ls ysdj vkt bDdhloh lnh ¼2012½ rd uhfr’kkL=h;xzUFkksa dk l`tu vYika’k esa gh lgh] gksrk pyk vk jgk gS] D;ksafd tgk¡ ,sls xzUFkksa ls lektmi—r gksrk gS] ogh ml uhfr’kkL=h; dfo dh dkO;/kfeZrk ;qxkuq:i gksdj mls efgekeafMrrks dj nh nsrh gS] Bhd mlh rjg tSls vfHkKku ‘kkdqUry esa nq”;Ur LoxZ ls mrjrs le;uhps /kjrh dks ns[kdj dgrk gS ßvgks mnkjje.kh;k i`fFkohÞA

lanHkZ xzUFk&lwfplanHkZ xzUFk&lwfplanHkZ xzUFk&lwfplanHkZ xzUFk&lwfplanHkZ xzUFk&lwfp

1- rnsrr~ ok³~e;a Hkw;% laLd`ra izk—ra rFkkAviHkza’k’p feJa psR;kgqjk;kZ’prqfoZ/ke~AA dkO;kn’kZ 1@32

2- laL—r fgUnh dks’k&okeu f’kojke vkIVs] i`0 550 ls nz”VO;3- okpLiR;e~&JhrkjkukFkrdZokpLifr Hkêkpk;Z] Hkkx&5] i`0&41264- ;;k uhR;k iz;ksDrO;% lqr vkRek fiz;k rFkkA

rs”kka fo’ks”kS% lfgra lnkpkja onLo esAA dkfydkiqjk.k 85@15- ‘kCndYinqe& jktkjk/kkdkUrnso] Hkkx&2] i`0 9096- uhfre;w[k &f}rh; iz;ksx&17- osn’kkL=h;fojks/kh ;LrdZ’p{kqji’;rke~A okD;enh; 1@37


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34

8- ;% ‘kkL=fof/keqRl`T; orZrs dkedkjr%Au l flf)eokIuksfr u lq[ka u ijka xfre~AArLekPNk=a izek.ka rs dk;kZdk;ZO;ofLFkrkSAKkRok ‘kkL=fo/kkuksDra de± drqZfegkgZflAA xhrk 16@23] 24

9- osnL;ksifu”kRlR;a lR;ksifu”kn~ ne%AneL;ksifu”kUeks{k ,rr~ lokZuq’kklue~AA egkHkkjr ‘kkfUrioZ 299@13

10- d½ nz”VO;&v”Vkn’kLe`fr Vhdkdkj ia0 lqUnjykykth f=ikBh] [ksejkt Jhd`”.knkl izdk’ku] cEcbZ&4[k½ laLd`r lkfgR; dk bfrgkl&cgknqjpan NkcM+k] i`0 735 ls mn~/k`r

11- dfojkt& vk;qosZn ‘kkL= dk bfrgkl] i`0 64 ls mn~/k`r12- vycs:uh dk Hkkjr] i`0 35&3713- egkHkkjr ‘kkfUrioZ 52@2&2514- okpLiR;e~&JhrkjkukFkrdZ okpLifr Hkêkpk;Z] Hkkx&5] i`0 4127 ls mn~/k`r15- ‘kCndYinqze] Hkkx&2] i`0 911 ls mn~/k`r16- rSÙkjh; lafgrk Hkk”; dh Hkwfedk&lk;.k] i`0 417- lk{kkRd`r /kekZ.k _”k;ks oHkwoq% rs·ojsH;ks·lk{kkRd`r/keZH; mins’ksu eU=ku~ lEizknq%A

mins’kk; Xyk;Urks·ojs fcYexzg.kk;sea xzUFka lekEukfl”kqosZna p osnk³~xkfuAA fu#Dr 1@2018- euqLe`fr 2@619- laoRlja ‘k’k;kuk czkã.kk ozrpkfj.k%A

okpa itZU;ftfUorka iz e.Mwdk vokfn”kqAA _Xosn 7@103@120- vk p xPNkfUe=esuk n?kkeA _Xosn 10@108@3

Lokjha Rok d`.koS ek iquxkZ0A _Xosn 10@108@821- NUnksX;ksifu”kn~ 1@12@222- ogh 4@123- ogh 4@5] 7] 824- Holymann-Das Mahabharata-4/88

25- Machonell-India’s Past i`0-117 ls mn~/k`r26- d½ laLd`r lkfgR; dk leh{kkRed bfrgkl& dfiynso f}osnh] i`0 560&570 ls mn~/k`r

[k½ jkf”Vª; lwfDrlaxzg& MkW0 gfjukjk.k nhf{kr] Hkwfedk i`0 4&6 ls mn~/k`r


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35

oSfnd lkfgR; esa lekt dY;k.k dh HkkoukoSfnd lkfgR; esa lekt dY;k.k dh HkkoukoSfnd lkfgR; esa lekt dY;k.k dh HkkoukoSfnd lkfgR; esa lekt dY;k.k dh HkkoukoSfnd lkfgR; esa lekt dY;k.k dh Hkkouk

MkWŒ lU/;kMk WŒ lU/;kMk WŒ lU/;kMk WŒ lU/;kMk WŒ lU/;kth-Mh-lh-] lkEck

,d gh [kkd ls bUlku gqvk gS iSnk] ,d gh [kwu gS fQj [kwu cgkrs D;ksa gSa\,d gh eqYd gS ekfyd gS ,d gh lcdk] ,d gh jkg gS og jkg Hkqykrs D;ksa gSa\

vkx efLtn esa yxsxh rks tysxk efUnj] ;g le>rs gSa rks fQj vkx yxkrs D;ksa gSa\vkt lekt esa rel~ dk izk/kkU; gSA blh rkekfld Kku ds dkj.k fo”o “kkfUr fou’V

gksrh vk jgh gSA dgha /keZ ds uke ij rks dgha o.kZ] tkfr] fyax] Hkk’kk ,oa laLÑfr ds vk/kkjij fgalk rFkk izfrfgalk gks jgh gSA bl le; Hkkjr gks ;k Jhyadk] :l rFkk dksbZ vU; jk’Vª]fdlh u fdlh :i esa ogka tc fgalk gks jgh gSA euq’; fgald i”kqor~ euq’; dks gh ekj jgkgSA bUlkfu;r ij “kSrkfu;r gkoh gksrh tk jgh gSA

vr% vkt euq’; esa euq’;Ro dks tkx`r djus ds fy, osn :ih e”kky dks iznhIr djusdh ije vko”;drk gS] rHkh rks gekjs lekt dk dY;k.k gks ik;sxk ,oa fo”o “kkfUr dh izfr’BkHkh rHkh lEHko gS] D;ksafd gekjk Hkkjr ,d fo”kky ns”k gSA blesa vusd izdkj ds /keZ] Hkk’kk vkSjvkpkj&O;ogkj dks viukus okys tu&lewg jgrs gSaA bu lHkh /keks±] Hkk’kkvksa vkpkj&fopkjksa dsvyx&vyx gksrs gq, Hkh ge lc Hkkjrh; lekt dh jpuk djrs gSaA

bldk dkj.k gekjh jk’Vªh;rk gSA ge lHkh yksx FkksM+k cgqr R;kx djrs gq, ijLijmidkj&ijk;.k rFkk ,d nwljs dh Hkkoukvksa dk vknj djrs gq, leUo;kRedrk dk :i ysrsgSaA leUo;kRedrk lekt dk :i ys ysrh gSA iwjs Hkkjr ds lEcU/k esa tc fo}kuksa esa fopkjeUFku gqvk rks mudk ,dek= lUns”k ;gh Fkk fd ;gh leUo;kRedrk rFkk ,d gh Hkkjrh;lekt dk vfLrRo gSA

vktdy ds <ksaxh] ykyph] LokFkhZ vkSj efUnj&efLtn ds uke ij /keZ&tkfr lEiznk;vkfn ds uke ij naxk&Qlkn dj djkdj viuk mYyw lh/kk djus okys cukoVh lk/kq&lUrksa dsdeh ugha gSA

,sls gh vkRe&izn”kZu] >wBh fo}rk izn”kZu ls okLrfodrk foyhu gks tkrh gS] lPpkbZvn`“; gks tkrh gS] D;kasfd lPps fnO; xzUFk i<+dj le> ldus dh {kerk rks ik[kf.M;ksa esa gksrhgh ughaA vr% os fnO; xzUFk /kjs ds /kjs jg tkrs gSa vkSj /khjs&/khjs foyhu gks tkrs gSA xksLokehrqylhnkl th us Bhd gh dgk gS &

^ftfe ik[kaM fookn rs a] yqIr gksr ln~xz aFkA*^ftfe ik[kaM fookn rs a] yqIr gksr ln~xz aFkA*^ftfe ik[kaM fookn rs a] yqIr gksr ln~xz aFkA*^ftfe ik[kaM fookn rs a] yqIr gksr ln~xz aFkA*^ftfe ik[kaM fookn rs a] yqIr gksr ln~xz aFkA*

vr% vkt vk/;kfRed fo’k; dk lPpk vkSj okLrfod KkuLo:i osnksa dh lqj{kk gjizdkj ds “kqHk vkSj ljkguh; iz;klksa ls djuk furkar vko”;d gSA


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36

vFkoZosn dk ;g loZfiz; eU= gSa &

ek u% lsuk vj#’kh :i xqfoZ’k wphfjUnz nzgks fo uk”kk;Aek u% lsuk vj#’kh :i xqfoZ’k wphfjUnz nzgks fo uk”kk;Aek u% lsuk vj#’kh :i xqfoZ’k wphfjUnz nzgks fo uk”kk;Aek u% lsuk vj#’kh :i xqfoZ’k wphfjUnz nzgks fo uk”kk;Aek u% lsuk vj#’kh :i xqfoZ’k wphfjUnz nzgks fo uk”kk;A1

vFkkZr~ gs izHkq! gesa nksLr] nq”eu] tku] igpku vkSj vutku yksxksa ls Mj u gks] jkrvFkkZr~ jkr ds va/ksjs esa gksus okys fdlh Hkh dqdeZ ;k dqdfeZ;ksa ls Mj u gksA lkjk lalkj vkSjlalkj ds lkjs izk.kh gekjs fe= gksaA

osn ds mDr ea= ds vuqlkj ;fn ge okLro esa pkgrs gSa fd lkjk lalkj gekjk fe= gks]os flQZ pkgus ek= ls gh ;g fe=rk laHko ugha gSA blds fy, gesa dqN fparu djuk gksxk] dqNdk;kZokgh djuh gksxh] rkfd gekjh fe=rk lalkj Hkj ds yksxksa esa dk;e gks ldsA mlh fparuds vuqlkj gekjk vkpj.k vkSj O;ogkj Hkh gksuk cgqr t+:jh gS] ugha rks ge ,d txg cSBs&cSBsflQZ fparu gh djrs jgsa rks ns[krs gh ns[krs fprk rd igq¡p tk,¡xs vkSj gekjh fe=rk flQZfparu dk fo’k; ek= gh cuh jgsxhA vr% lcls igys rks gesa ;g fpUru djuk gksxk fd gedkSu&lk ,slk loZfgrdkjh dŸkZO; djsa fd lkjk lalkj gekjk fe= gh cuk jgsA gekjs osnksa usbl lanHkZ esa fo”ks’k :i ls ekxZ n”kZu fd;k gSA D;ksafd fparu dk vk/kkj gh gekjs xzaFk gS] fujk/kkj fparu fujFkZd gh gksxk] fo”ocU/kqRo dk;e j[kus ds fy, osnksa us lokZsŸke dŸkZO; tks crk;kgS ml ij fdlh Hkh ns”k ds yksxksa dks] fdlh Hkh /keZ&tkfr ;k lEiznk; ds yksxksa dks esjs fopkjls dksbZ ,rjkt+ ugha gksxkA

gt+kjksa lky ls osnksa ds v/;;u vkSj f”k{kk us ekuotkfr dh HkykbZ dh gS vkSj vkt Hkh;g ekuoek= dk ekxZn”kZd gSA osn ekuoek= ds fy, gS lkjh nqfu;k us osnksa dh gku”khyrkLohdkj dh gSA ftanxh dk dksbZ igyw ,slk ugha gS ftlesa osnksa us ekuo dk ekxZn”kZu u fd;kgksA fo”ks’k :i ls lkoZHkkSfed ln~Hkkouk ds fy, _Xosn ds nlosa eaMy ds ,d lkS 191 lwDrds nwljs eU= esa izHkq lans”k gS fd &

laxPN/oa laon/oa la oks eukfl tkurke~AlaxPN/oa laon/oa la oks eukfl tkurke~AlaxPN/oa laon/oa la oks eukfl tkurke~AlaxPN/oa laon/oa la oks eukfl tkurke~AlaxPN/oa laon/oa la oks eukfl tkurke~Ansok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwoZ s latkukuk miklrsAAnsok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwoZ s latkukuk miklrsAAnsok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwoZ s latkukuk miklrsAAnsok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwoZ s latkukuk miklrsAAnsok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwoZ s latkukuk miklrsAA2

gs ekuo! feydj pyks] feydj cksyks] rqEgkjs eu esa ,d gh rjg ds leku fopkj gks]ftl rjg igys tekus ds le>nkj yksx leku fopkjksa okys gksdj viuh ftEesnkfj;ksa dkfgLlk Lohdkj djrs FksA bl ea= dk “kkfCnd vFkZ tku ysus esa gh osnksa dk eryc iwjk ugha gkstkrk] mlds izfr fo”ks’k fparu fd;k tk,A ;g ea= okLro esa lEiw.kZ lekt dh HkykbZ ds fy,izsfjr dj jgk gS] blh izsj.kk ls esjk fo”okl gS fd fo”o Hkj esa veu&pSu dh ft+anxh lcdksfey ldrh gS] lcdks leku :i ls thus dk volj fey ldrk gSA ;g rHkh laHko gksxk] tc,d gh y{; lk/kuk lcdk leku gksxkA

osnksa us lcdks funsZ”k fn;k gS fd gs ekuo! rqe lc yksx feytqydj cksyks rks ;g cksyks]

euks esa riZ;r okpa esa riZ;r] izk.ka esa riZ;r] Jksra esa riZ;r vkRekua esa riZ;r]euks esa riZ;r okpa esa riZ;r] izk.ka esa riZ;r] Jksra esa riZ;r vkRekua esa riZ;r]euks esa riZ;r okpa esa riZ;r] izk.ka esa riZ;r] Jksra esa riZ;r vkRekua esa riZ;r]euks esa riZ;r okpa esa riZ;r] izk.ka esa riZ;r] Jksra esa riZ;r vkRekua esa riZ;r]euks esa riZ;r okpa esa riZ;r] izk.ka esa riZ;r] Jksra esa riZ;r vkRekua esa riZ;r]iztk esa riZ;r i”kwu esa riZ;r] x.kku~ esa riZ;r x.kk esa ek for`‘ku~Aiztk esa riZ;r i”kwu esa riZ;r] x.kku~ esa riZ;r x.kk esa ek for`‘ku~Aiztk esa riZ;r i”kwu esa riZ;r] x.kku~ esa riZ;r x.kk esa ek for`‘ku~Aiztk esa riZ;r i”kwu esa riZ;r] x.kku~ esa riZ;r x.kk esa ek for`‘ku~Aiztk esa riZ;r i”kwu esa riZ;r] x.kku~ esa riZ;r x.kk esa ek for`‘ku~A3


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37

oSfnd O;fDr vius ckjs esa] vius ikfjokfjd] lkekftd ,oa jk’Vªh; thou ds ckjs esa ghugha vfirq lEiw.kZ lekt ds dY;k.k dh dkeuk djrk FkkA ;tqoZsn esa ekuork dk lqUnjmnkgj.k nz’VO; gS &

fe=L;kga p{k q’kk lokZf.k Hk wrkfu leh{k s]fe=L;kga p{k q’kk lokZf.k Hk wrkfu leh{k s]fe=L;kga p{k q’kk lokZf.k Hk wrkfu leh{k s]fe=L;kga p{k q’kk lokZf.k Hk wrkfu leh{k s]fe=L;kga p{k q’kk lokZf.k Hk wrkfu leh{k s]fe=L; p{k q’kk leh{kkegsAfe=L; p{k q’kk leh{kkegsAfe=L; p{k q’kk leh{kkegsAfe=L; p{k q’kk leh{kkegsAfe=L; p{k q’kk leh{kkegsA4

vFkkZr~ eSa euq’; D;k] lHkh izkf.k;ksa dks fe= dh n`f’V ls ns[kwaA;g lalkj lq[knq%[kkRed gSA ^^pØkjiafDrfjo xPNfr HkkL;iafDr**^pØkjiafDrfjo xPNfr HkkL;iafDr**^pØkjiafDrfjo xPNfr HkkL;iafDr**^pØkjiafDrfjo xPNfr HkkL;iafDr**^pØkjiafDrfjo xPNfr HkkL;iafDr** ds vuqlkj

ekuo thou esa dHkh lq[k gksrk gS rks dHkh nq%[kA nq%[k dh dksbZ dkeuk ugha djrk] ijUrq fQjHkh O;fDr dks nq%[k Hkksxuk iM+rk gSA bl nq%[k dk funku dSls gks\ bldk ,d gh mik; gS fdO;fDr O;f’V dh Hkkouk dk R;kx djds lef’V esa fo”okl rFkk J)k j[ksa] eSa] eSa dks NksM+s&O;f’Vdh Hkkouk dk R;kx dj lEiw.kZ lekt esa “kkfUr vkSj lR/keZ dh LFkkiuk gksus ij euq’;&euq’;dks cU/kqRo dh Hkkouk ls ns[ksxkA osnksa esa of.kZr ;K&izfØ;k esa ^Lokgk*] LokFkZL; loZFkk R;kx]vFkkZr~ ;g esjk ugha gS( nsorkvksa dks tks eSa viZ.k dj jgk gw¡] og mUgha dk gSA ;g Hkkouk dkscycrh cukdj vius&ijk;s dh Hkkouk dks lekIr djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSa vius&ijk;dk Hksn rks ladqfpr eukso`fŸk okys yksx djrs gSa] mnkj eukso`fŸk okys yksx rks lEiw.kZ fo”o dksgh ,d ifjokj ekurs gSa ,oa rnuqdwy vkpj.k Hkh djrs gSa &

v;a fut% ijks osfŸk y?kqpsrlke~Av;a fut% ijks osfŸk y?kqpsrlke~Av;a fut% ijks osfŸk y?kqpsrlke~Av;a fut% ijks osfŸk y?kqpsrlke~Av;a fut% ijks osfŸk y?kqpsrlke~Amnkjpfjrkuka rq olq/k So dqVqEcde~AAmnkjpfjrkuka rq olq/k So dqVqEcde~AAmnkjpfjrkuka rq olq/k So dqVqEcde~AAmnkjpfjrkuka rq olq/k So dqVqEcde~AAmnkjpfjrkuka rq olq/k So dqVqEcde~AA5

lEiw.kZ fo”o ds izk.kh ,d gh ijekRek }kjk cuk,a gq, gSaA rc fQj ekuo] ekuo esa HksnD;ksa\ bl Hksn ds lekIr gks tkus ij fdlh Hkh izdkj ds eksg] “kksd] ?k`.kk ;k }s’k dk dksbZ LFkkuugha jgrk] tSlk ;tqosZn esa dgk x;k gS &

^^;Lrq lok Zf.k --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,dRoeuqi’;r%A**^^;Lrq lok Zf.k --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,dRoeuqi’;r%A**^^;Lrq lok Zf.k --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,dRoeuqi’;r%A**^^;Lrq lok Zf.k --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,dRoeuqi’;r%A**^^;Lrq lok Zf.k --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,dRoeuqi’;r%A**6

_Xosn] ;tqosZn dh Hkk¡fr vFkoZosn esa Hkh lkekftdrk dk iw.kZ fuokZg gqvk gSA ikfjokfjdizse o lkSgknzZ dh Hkkouk vFkoZosn esa ifjLQqfVr gksrh gS &

lân; lkaeuL;efo}s’k a Ñ.kk sfe o%Alân; lkaeuL;efo}s’k a Ñ.kk sfe o%Alân; lkaeuL;efo}s’k a Ñ.kk sfe o%Alân; lkaeuL;efo}s’k a Ñ.kk sfe o%Alân; lkaeuL;efo}s’k a Ñ.kk sfe o%AvU;k s vU;efHk/;Zr oRla tkrfeok/uokAAvU;k s vU;efHk/;Zr oRla tkrfeok/uokAAvU;k s vU;efHk/;Zr oRla tkrfeok/uokAAvU;k s vU;efHk/;Zr oRla tkrfeok/uokAAvU;k s vU;efHk/;Zr oRla tkrfeok/uokAA

vuqozr% firq% ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - “kfUroe~Avuqozr% firq% ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - “kfUroe~Avuqozr% firq% ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - “kfUroe~Avuqozr% firq% ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - “kfUroe~Avuqozr% firq% ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - “kfUroe~A7

lekurk rFkk lkekftdrk ds lkFk&lkFk osnksa esa vkn”kZ nkEiR; thou dh euksjerk Hkhfn[kkbZ nsrk gSA fookg ds le; oj&o/kq ls dgrk gS &

x`H.kkfe rs lkSHkxRok; gLrax`H.kkfe rs lkSHkxRok; gLrax`H.kkfe rs lkSHkxRok; gLrax`H.kkfe rs lkSHkxRok; gLrax`H.kkfe rs lkSHkxRok; gLraeáa Roknqxk Zg aiR;k; nsok%Aeáa Roknqxk Zg aiR;k; nsok%Aeáa Roknqxk Zg aiR;k; nsok%Aeáa Roknqxk Zg aiR;k; nsok%Aeáa Roknqxk Zg aiR;k; nsok%A8

oSfnd lkfgR; dh bl izdkj dh Hkkouk,¡ vxj fdlh O;fDr ds ân; esa?kj tk,a rksnkEiR; thou Hkh [kqf”k;ksa ls Hkj ldrk gSA


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38

lpeqp ge ns[krs gSa fd nqfu;k esa ftruh Hkh dqnjrh pht+sa gSa] lcds lc ,d fu;e vkSjfof/k ds v/khu vuq”kkflr <ax ls dk;Z dj jgh gSA ml izcy fo”o “kkld ds cuk, x, fu;eksads v/khu cM+s ls cM+s xzgksa ls ysdj i`Foh dk ,d NksVs ls NksVk d.k rd cM+h gh fu’BkiwoZd dk;Zdj jgs gSaA ;fn euq’; dh rjg ;g lc Hkh rfud Hkh iFkHkz’V gks tk,a rks rRdky gh egkizy;gks tk,A buesa ls flQZ lwjt gh viuk fu;r iFk NksM+dj rfud Hkh uhps vk tk, rks lkjhi`fFkoh dqYQh te tk,xhA et+s dh ckr rks ;g gS fd buds fu;r fu;eksa esa dksbZ fdlh dkgLr{ksi ugha djrkA blh fu’Bk ds dkj.k bu izkÑfrd pht+ksa dks osnksa us nso dh laKk nh gSAmDr eU= esa bUgha nsoks adh fu’Bk vkSj ft+Eesnkjh dh vksj ladsr fd;k x;k gS]

^nsok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwosZ latkukuk miklrs**nsok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwosZ latkukuk miklrs**nsok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwosZ latkukuk miklrs**nsok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwosZ latkukuk miklrs**nsok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwosZ latkukuk miklrs** vFkkZr~ ftl rjg nsorkx.k vius dk;ks± dkfuokZg djrs gSa] Bhd mlh rjg vki yksx Hkh viuh&viuh ft+Eesnkfj;ksa dk fuokZg djsa vkSj ,slsgh Hkys dk;ks± ds izfr vkil esa izfrLi/kkZ u djsaA rqe lcdss eu esa cl ,d gh ladYi gks] ,dnwljs dk dY;k.k ;gh lEiw.kZ fo”o veu pSu “kkafr LFkkiuk dk loksZŸke lk/ku gSA ;g rHkhlaHko gS tc iwjh vkLFkk vkSj fo”okl ds lkFk _Xosn ds fuEu ea=ksa dks lnk /;ku esa j[kktk,xk] os eU= gSa &

vT;s’Bklks vdfu’Bkl ,rsvT;s’Bklks vdfu’Bkl ,rsvT;s’Bklks vdfu’Bkl ,rsvT;s’Bklks vdfu’Bkl ,rsvT;s’Bklks vdfu’Bkl ,rsla Hk zkrjks oko`/k q% lkSHkkX;Ala Hk zkrjks oko`/k q% lkSHkkX;Ala Hk zkrjks oko`/k q% lkSHkkX;Ala Hk zkrjks oko`/k q% lkSHkkX;Ala Hk zkrjks oko`/k q% lkSHkkX;A9

vkxs dgk x;k gS &lekuks v/ok izorkeuq’;nsAlekuks v/ok izorkeuq’;nsAlekuks v/ok izorkeuq’;nsAlekuks v/ok izorkeuq’;nsAlekuks v/ok izorkeuq’;nsA10

lHkh pyus okyksa dk ekxZ ij leku vf/kdkj gSAvFkoZosn us ;g vkns”k fd;k &

fiz;a loZL; i’;r mn “kwnz mrk;sZAfiz;a loZL; i’;r mn “kwnz mrk;sZAfiz;a loZL; i’;r mn “kwnz mrk;sZAfiz;a loZL; i’;r mn “kwnz mrk;sZAfiz;a loZL; i’;r mn “kwnz mrk;sZA11

leku :i ls lHkh yksx lcdk dY;k.k ns[ksa] lkspsa vkSj djsaA pkgs “kwnz gks ;k v.;Z gksAtu&tu esa blh rjg dh yksx fgrdkjh Hkkouk,¡ tkx`r gksaxh rc dgha tkdj bl

vkns”k dk vuqikyu le>k tk ldrk gS lHkh ds eu ,d tSls gksaA ;gh ckr _Xosn esa dghxbZ gS &

iqeku~ iqekala ifj ikrq fo”or%Aiqeku~ iqekala ifj ikrq fo”or%Aiqeku~ iqekala ifj ikrq fo”or%Aiqeku~ iqekala ifj ikrq fo”or%Aiqeku~ iqekala ifj ikrq fo”or%A12

ekuo ek= dk ;g fparu gksuk pkfg, fd euq’; ls euq’; dh gj rjg ls j{kk vkSjlgk;rk gksrh jgsA

vFkoZosn esa Hkh ;gh dgk x;k gS &rRÑ.eks czã oks x`gs laKkua iq#’ksH;%ArRÑ.eks czã oks x`gs laKkua iq#’ksH;%ArRÑ.eks czã oks x`gs laKkua iq#’ksH;%ArRÑ.eks czã oks x`gs laKkua iq#’ksH;%ArRÑ.eks czã oks x`gs laKkua iq#’ksH;%A13

vFkkZr~ gs ekuo! vkvks ge lc feydj ,slh izkFkZuk djsa & ftlls euq’;ksa esa ijLijlqefr vkSj ln~Hkkouk dk foLrkj gksA

balku ,d lekftd izk.kh gS] mldk laca/k lekt ls gh gS] D;ksafd og lekt dk vgefgLlk gS vkSj mldks ;gh ekudj pyuk gksxk fd mlds esyfeyki vkSj ,drk ls gh lektesa “kfDr laHko gSA osn ea=ksa esa gekjs LoLFk vkSj [kq”kgky thou dh vfHkyk’kk dh xbZ gSA

lR;suk sŸk -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - vf/kfJr%AlR;suk sŸk -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - vf/kfJr%AlR;suk sŸk -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - vf/kfJr%AlR;suk sŸk -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - vf/kfJr%AlR;suk sŸk -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - vf/kfJr%A14


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39

lR; ls gh i`fFkoh :dh gqbZ gS] lw;Z ls LoxZyksd :dk gvk gS] lkse dh fo”ks’krk lsHkjiwj ijekRek |wyksd esa fo|eku gSA blls Li’V gksrk gS fd lalkj dk vk/kkj lR; gh gSA

lR; dh cnkSyr bl l`f’V dk lapkyu gks jgk gSA ;gh ekuo fo”okl dkvk/kkj gSA ;g lR; gh Hkjkslk vkSj izse dk cht gSA

nsork deZ ;K djus okys deZB O;fDr dks gh ilan djrs gSA fudEes yksxksa dks ughaAiq#’kkFkZ ls ;qDr O;fDr gh vkuUn izkIr djrk gSA rkRi;Z ;g gS fd iq#’kkFkhZ dh enn [kqnijes”oj djrk gS] dkfgy dks u nqfu;k ilan djrh gS vkSj u gh bZ”ojA D;ksafd deZB vkSjiq#’kkFkhZ O;fDr ijksidkj dj ldrk gS] viuk vkSj vius jk’Vª dk Hkyk dj ldrk gSA

fo”okfu nso lfornqZfjrkfu ijk lqok ;n~ Hknz a rUu·vk lqoAfo”okfu nso lfornqZfjrkfu ijk lqok ;n~ Hknz a rUu·vk lqoAfo”okfu nso lfornqZfjrkfu ijk lqok ;n~ Hknz a rUu·vk lqoAfo”okfu nso lfornqZfjrkfu ijk lqok ;n~ Hknz a rUu·vk lqoAfo”okfu nso lfornqZfjrkfu ijk lqok ;n~ Hknz a rUu·vk lqoA15

bl izdkj gs nso! gekjh ft+nxh feBkl ls Hkjiwj gksA vki vius izHkko lsiwjh rjg gekjhft+anxh dks feBkl ls Hkjiwj dj nsA D;ksafd feBkl gh izse] yxko] HkykbZ vkSj nku”khyrk dhcqfu;kn gSA blh ls gj dke esa ek/kq;Z iSnk gksrk jgsxkA16

;tqosZn ds v/;k; 36 dk ea= la[;k 3 ;kfu xk;=h ea= eas ;g izkFkZuk dh xbZ gSAlfPpnkuan Lo:i] lalkj dks iSnk djus okys] ijes”oj ds T;ksfreZ; rst dk ge /;ku djrs gSavkSj muls izkFkZuk djrs gSa fd os gekjh lR;fu”p;h cqf) dks lgh fn”kk dh vksj izsfjr djsaA

cqf) dh ifo=rk ls vkSj fdlh vizk;idkj dh dkeuk ls fd;k x;k lRdeZ lq[k vkSj“kkafr djus okys vkSj mls lqjf{kr j[kus okys ea= dks gh xk;=h ea= dgk tkrk gSA bl fu;eij vkc) jgus ls izk.k “kfDr izkIr gksrh gSA bl ea= dks lkfo=h _d~ dgrs gSA

osnksa dk v/;;u ,d lkfgfR;d v/;;u ogh gS cfYd ;g ,d vk/;kfRed [kkst gSAbl [kkst rd ogh tk ldrk gS tks vk/;kfRed eku&e;kZnk dks tkurk gSA dksbZ Hkh lkalkfjdleL;k ,slh ugha gSA vko”;drk gS flQZ [kkst dh tks flQZ fnekx ls gh laHko ugha] cfYdvkRek dh xgjkbZ;ksa ls [kkstuk gksxkA

osnksa dh bu lPpkbZ;ksa dk lans”k ekuo ek= ds fy, gSA lekt ds fy,] fo”o ds fy,gksA bu fopkjksa dh izLrqfr teZu fopkjd izksŒ eSDlewyj us bu “kCnksa esa dh gS &

ekuo&e;kZnk dks le> ikus ds fy, osn ls c<+dj nqfu;k dk dksbZ Hkh nLrkost ughagS] /kkfeZd fodkl vkSj vkRe larqf’V ds fy, osnksa dk v/;;u vR;Ur vko”;d gSA

lanHkZ xzUFkk%1- vFkoZosn 19@15&22- _XŒ 10@191&2


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40

3- ;tqŒ 6@314- ;tqŒ 36@185- fgrksŒ 1@616- ;tqŒ 40@6] 77- vFkoZŒ 3@30( 1@38- _XŒ 10@85@369- _XŒ 5@60&510- _XŒ 2@13&211- vFkoZŒ 19@62@112- _XŒ 6&75@1413- vFkoZŒ 3@30&414- vFkoZŒ 14@1&115- _XŒ 5@85&2( ;tqŒ 30@316- e/kqeUes ijk;.ka ----------------------------- e/kqerLÑre~A _XŒ 10@24&6


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41

oSfnd/kkjk dk ikSjkf.kd/kkjk ij izHkkooSfnd/kkjk dk ikSjkf.kd/kkjk ij izHkkooSfnd/kkjk dk ikSjkf.kd/kkjk ij izHkkooSfnd/kkjk dk ikSjkf.kd/kkjk ij izHkkooSfnd/kkjk dk ikSjkf.kd/kkjk ij izHkko

MkWMkWMkWMkWMkWååååå fotsUnz dqekj fotsUnz dqekj fotsUnz dqekj fotsUnz dqekj fotsUnz dqekjvflLVsaV izksQslj&laLÑr

jktdh; egkfo|ky;] vkjå ,lå iqjk]

iqjk.kksa dh izkphurk ds fo”k; esa lUnsg ugha fd;k tk ldrk fdUrq fQj Hkh osn mu dsiwoZorhZ gh ekus tkrs gSaA iwoZorhZ dk i’pkr~orhZ ij izHkko iM+uk LokHkkfod gSA ;gh –”VkUriqjk.kksa ds izl³~x esa Hkh ekuk tk ldrk gS] fu%lUnsg egf”kZ O;kl }kjk fojfpr iqjk.k lEiw.kZ‘kkL=ksa ls vksr&izksr gSa vkSj viuh fo”k;oLrq ls yksd thou dks minsf’kr Hkh djrs gSaAysfdu egf”kZ O;kl Hkh osnksa dk v/;;u vo’; fd;s gksxsa rHkh rks mudks ôsnO;kl*ôsnO;kl*ôsnO;kl*ôsnO;kl*ôsnO;kl* dgktkrk gSA osn euq”; jfpr ugha gS] bZ’oj ds jps gq, Hkh ugha gSa D;ksafd os fuR; vkSj vukfngSaA1

izkphu vkpk;ks± us ‘kCn vkSj /ofu esa Hksn crykrs gq, dgk gS fd osn dh /ofu rksvfuR; gSA tc dksbZ euq”; mPpkj.k djrk gS] rHkh og lquh tkrh gSA og u rks bl lsigys lquh tkrh gS vkSj u blds ihNs ghA fdUrq osn ds ‘kCn fuR; gSA ftl le; dksbZmPpkj.k ugha djrk ml le; Hkh osn ds ‘kCn fo|eku jgrs gSaA izy;dky esa osn dh ‘kCnjkf’k bZ’oj ds vUnj fo|eku jgrh gSA l`f”V ds le; bZ’oj ds }kjk gh osn dk izpkj gksrkgSA oLrqr% lcls igys czãk th osnksa dh f’k{kk izkIr djrs gSaA2 bl ds i’pkr~ tks _f”k ftlizdkj dh riL;k djrs gS] muds lkeus mlh ds vuq:i osn dk va’k izdV gks tkrk gSA _f”kvius&vius f’k”;ksa dks osn dh f’k{kk nsrs gS vkSj f’k”; Hkh vius mŸkjksŸkj f’k”;ksa dks f’k{kknsrs gSaA bl izdkj vfofPNUu xq#&f’k”; ijEijk ls osn dk izpkj gqvk gSA blesa euq”; dkdksbZ dŸkZO; ugha gSA blfy, blesa Hkze ;k izekn dh dksbZ lEHkkouk Hkh ugha gSA izek.kksa esaosn gh lcls Js”B gSA vFkkZr~ Hkzeghu Kku&izkfIr ds Js’B mik; osn gh gSA izR;{k n’kZu ds}kjk tks Kku izkIr fd;k tkrk gS] ml esa Hkh Hkze dh lEHkkouk jgrh gS] D;ksafd us=sfUnz;nks”k ;qDr gSA ijUrq osn ds }kjk tks Kku izkIr fd;k tkrk gS] og HkzkfUr’kwU; gksrk gSA

osn dk eq[; fo”k; ;K gSA ;K esa ;teku vkSj ;Keku iRuh ds vfrfjDr pkj czkã.kdk;ZdŸkkZ vko’;d gksrs gSaA tks fd ^_fRod*^_fRod*^_fRod*^_fRod*^_fRod* dgykrs gSaA muds uke gS & gksrk] v/o;qZ] mn~xkrkvkSj czãkA tks nsorkvksa dh Lrqfr i| :i esa i<+rk gS] og ^gksrk*^gksrk*^gksrk*^gksrk*^gksrk* dgykrk gSA xku:i esaLrqfr djus okyk ^mn~xkrk*^mn~xkrk*^mn~xkrk*^mn~xkrk*^mn~xkrk* dgk tkrk gSA vfXu esa vkgqfr nsus okyk ^v/o;qZ*^v/o;qZ*^v/o;qZ*^v/o;qZ*^v/o;qZ* gS] ;gh ;Kdk iz/kku dk;ZdŸkkZ gSA bu rhuksa ds dk;ks± dk fujh{k.k djus okyk rFkk ogk¡ dksbZ =qfV gksusij izk;f’pr ;k ‘kkfUriqf”V vkfn djus okyk ^czãk*^czãk*^czãk*^czãk*^czãk* dgk tkrk gSA3 ok;qiqjk.k esa dgk gSfd bfrgkl vkSj iqjk.kksa ls osnksa ds vFkZ dk vfHko)Zu djuk pkfg,A fdUrq vYiJqr ls osnHk;Hkhr gksrk gS fd dgha og esjs Åij vYiKrk ds dkj.k izgkj u dj ns vFkkZr~ vFkZ dkvuFkZ u dj cSBs dgk Hkh gS &


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42

;ks fo|kPprqjks osnkUlk³~xksifu”knks f}t%A;ks fo|kPprqjks osnkUlk³~xksifu”knks f}t%A;ks fo|kPprqjks osnkUlk³~xksifu”knks f}t%A;ks fo|kPprqjks osnkUlk³~xksifu”knks f}t%A;ks fo|kPprqjks osnkUlk³~xksifu”knks f}t%Au psRiqjk.ka lafo|kUuSo l L;kf}p{k.kAAu psRiqjk.ka lafo|kUuSo l L;kf}p{k.kAAu psRiqjk.ka lafo|kUuSo l L;kf}p{k.kAAu psRiqjk.ka lafo|kUuSo l L;kf}p{k.kAAu psRiqjk.ka lafo|kUuSo l L;kf}p{k.kAAbfrgkl iqjk.kkH;ka osna leqicàg;sr~Abfrgkl iqjk.kkH;ka osna leqicàg;sr~Abfrgkl iqjk.kkH;ka osna leqicàg;sr~Abfrgkl iqjk.kkH;ka osna leqicàg;sr~Abfrgkl iqjk.kkH;ka osna leqicàg;sr~AfoHksR;YiJqrk}snks eke;a izgfj”;frAAfoHksR;YiJqrk}snks eke;a izgfj”;frAAfoHksR;YiJqrk}snks eke;a izgfj”;frAAfoHksR;YiJqrk}snks eke;a izgfj”;frAAfoHksR;YiJqrk}snks eke;a izgfj”;frAA4

blfy, osn vR;Ur nq#g gSaA osnksa dk vH;kl xq# x`g esa jgdj izkIr gksrk gSAi’pkr~ muds vFkZ dks le>us ds fy;s f’k{kk] dYi] O;kdj.k] fu#Dr] T;ksfr”k vkSj NUnbu N% “kkL=ksa dk v/;;u Hkh ijeko’;d gSA bruk ifjJe djus ds i’pkr~ osn dk vFkZtks le>rk gS og dsoy cká vFkZ gh gksrk gSA osn dk ,d fuxw<+ vFkZ Hkh gS] tks riL;kds fcuk xzg.k ugha fd;k tk ldrkA _Xosn lafgrk ds izFke eU= dk vFkZ gS & ^ge vfXunso dh mikluk djrs gSa] os gesa cgqr lk /ku iznku djsaA* fdUrq ;g rks bldk cká vFkZgh gSA bldk fuxw<+ vFkZ rks ;g gS fd fu”dkeHkko iwoZd oSfnd deZ djus ls fpŸk ‘kq) gksrkgS] rHkh czãKku izkIr djuk lEHko gSA osn ds bl fuxw<+ vFkZ dks yf{kr djds gh Hkxoku~Jh Ñ”.k us xhrk esa dgk gS &

ôsnkUrÑ}snfonso pkge~*AôsnkUrÑ}snfonso pkge~*AôsnkUrÑ}snfonso pkge~*AôsnkUrÑ}snfonso pkge~*AôsnkUrÑ}snfonso pkge~*A osn dk LokHkkfod vFkZ rks os gh tkurs gSA okYehfd oosn O;kl vkfn _f”k riL;k }kjk bZ’oj Ñik ls gh osn dk izÑr vFkZ tku ikrs FksA mUgksaus;g Hkh tkuk Fkk fd txr ds dY;k.k ds fy, osn ds fuxw<+ vFkZ dk izpkj djus dhvko’;drk gSA fdUrq lk/kkj.k euq”; riL;k djus ds fy;s u rks cgqr le; rd xq# x`gesa jg ldrs gSa vkSj u ogk¡ ij jgdj dBksj riL;k dj ldrs gSaA os yksx Hkh osn ds fuxw<+vFkZ dks le> ys blfy, mUgksaus mlh vFkZ dks ljyHkk”kk esa iqjk.kksa }kjk izdV fd;k gSAvFkkZr~ iqjk.kksa dh lgk;rk ls osnksa dk vFkZ le>uk pkfg;sA dgk Hkh gS & bfrgklbfrgklbfrgklbfrgklbfrgkliqjk.kkH;ka osna leqicàg;sr~Aiqjk.kkH;ka osna leqicàg;sr~Aiqjk.kkH;ka osna leqicàg;sr~Aiqjk.kkH;ka osna leqicàg;sr~Aiqjk.kkH;ka osna leqicàg;sr~A vr% iqjk.kksa ds fouk i<+s tks O;fDr osnksa dk vFkZ le>us dkiz;Ru djrk gS] mlds fy;s osn dk HkzekRed vFkZ xzg.k djuk gh lEHko gSA

vr ,o osn] iqjk.k] jkek;.k o egkHkkjr & ;s lc ,d v[k.M /keZ dk ghizfriknu djrs gSaA bu xzUFkksa esa ls ,d ij vk?kkr djus ls lexz /keZ ij gh vk?kkr gksxkA,slk ugha dgk tk ldrk fd ge mifu”knksa dks rks ekurs gSa] ijUrq iqjk.kksa dks ugha ekursA,slk ugha gS] vfHkizk; ;g gS fd mifu”knksa ds fuxw< rŸo dh gh iqjk.kksa esa fo’kn :i lsO;k[;k dh x;h gSA dBksifu”kn~ esa dgk x;k gS fd bZ’oj dh Ñik ds fouk bZ’oj dks izkIrugha fd;k tk ldrk] fo|k vkSj cqf) lHkh O;FkZ gks tkrs gSA5 dsuksifu”kn~ esa Hkh dgk gS fdbZ’oj Hktuh; gS] bl –f”V ls mldh mikluk djuh pkfg;sA ;Fkk & ^r}pfeR;qikflrO;e~*A^r}pfeR;qikflrO;e~*A^r}pfeR;qikflrO;e~*A^r}pfeR;qikflrO;e~*A^r}pfeR;qikflrO;e~*Avr% mifu”knksa esa tks pht cht :i esa gS] iqjk.kksa esa ogh iq#”k vkSj iYyoksa ds :i esafodflr gqbZ gSA fo}ku~ yksx ;g tkurs gS fd cht esa iq”i vkSj iYyo lw{e :i esa fo|ekujgrs gSaA tks yksx ,slk dgrs gS fd cht nwljh pht gS vkSj iq”i vkSj iYyo nwljh phtgS] os okLro esa Kku rŸo dks ugha tkurs gSA fdUrq ik’pkR; fo}ku~ bu ckrksa dks Lohdkjugha djrs] os dgrs gSa fd oSfnd vkSj ikSjkf.kd & ;s nksuksa fHkUu&fHkUu /keZ gSaA oSfnd /keZesa ;K&;kxkfn fofo/k fØ;k&dyki dh iz/kkurk Fkh] Øe’k% bu oSfnd fØ;kvksa esa tc yksxksadh vJ)k gksus yxh] rc oSfnd fØ;k vkSj fofo/k nsorkvksa ds izfr fo’okl mB x;k vkSj


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43

mifu”knksa ds }kjk ,ds’ojokn dk izpkj gqvkA ;g Kku dk izl³~x gSA iqjk.kksa esa HkfDr dsizl³~x dk izpkj gqvk] fdUrq mifu”knksa esa HkfDr dk izl³~x ugha gSA rkRi;Z ;g gS fd osnds deZdk.M vkSj mifu”knksa ds Kku dk.M esa ijLij fojks/k gSA blh izdkj mifu”kn~ vkSjiqjk.kksa esa Hkh fojks/k gSA

fdUrq bu lHkh xzUFkksa dk euks;ksx iwoZd fopkj djus ij ekywe gksxk fd ik’pkR;if.Mrksa dk ;g dFku ;FkkFkZ lR; ugha gS rFkkfi izkphu vkpk;ks± dk er gh Bhd gSAmifu”knksa eas ;g ckr dgha ugha dgh x;h gS fd oSfnd nsorkvksa dk vfLrRo ugha gS] ;Kdjuk fu”Qy gS vFkok ;K djus dh dksbZ vko’;drk ugha gSA izR;qr mifu”knksa esa rksLFkku&LFkku ij vusdksa nsorkvksa dk mYys[k gS] vkSj ;g ckr Hkh eq.Mdksifu”kn~ esa Li”V:i ls dgh x;h gS fd ;K djuk vko’;d gS &

rnsrRlR;a eU=s’kq dekZf.k do;ks;kU;i’;u~ArnsrRlR;a eU=s’kq dekZf.k do;ks;kU;i’;u~ArnsrRlR;a eU=s’kq dekZf.k do;ks;kU;i’;u~ArnsrRlR;a eU=s’kq dekZf.k do;ks;kU;i’;u~ArnsrRlR;a eU=s’kq dekZf.k do;ks;kU;i’;u~ArkU;kpj; fu;ra lR; dkek%AArkU;kpj; fu;ra lR; dkek%AArkU;kpj; fu;ra lR; dkek%AArkU;kpj; fu;ra lR; dkek%AArkU;kpj; fu;ra lR; dkek%AA6

,slk Hkh dgk x;k gS fd vuklDr Hkko ls ;fn ;K fd;k tk;s rks ;g ;K czãKkudh izkfIr esa lgk;d gksrk gSA7 ftu yksxksa ds fy, ;gh yksd lc dqN gS] mudh bgykSfddHkkSfrd lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa dks f’kfFky fd;s fcuk muls czãKku dh ppkZ djuk fujFkZd gh gksxkAblh ls osnksa ds deZdk.M esa ijyksd ds izpqj lq[k dh izkfIr ds fy;s ;Kkuq”Bku djus dhckr dgh x;h gSA fdUrq bu lHkh ckrksa dk okfLrfod rkRi;Z euq”;ksa dks HkxoRizkfIr ds ekxZesa izo`Ÿk djuk gh gSA gekjs iwoZÑr iki deks± ls mRiUu gq, laLdkj gekjh czãKku dh izkfIresa izcy vUrjk; gSA gesa ;Kkfn iq.; deks± ds }kjk mu iki laLdkjksa dk Ukk’k djuk gksxk& ^^/kesZ.k ikieiuqnfr**^^/kesZ.k ikieiuqnfr**^^/kesZ.k ikieiuqnfr**^^/kesZ.k ikieiuqnfr**^^/kesZ.k ikieiuqnfr**A rHkh ge czãKku izkIr djds eks{k ekus esa leFkZ gks ldsxsaA8

ijUrq iqjk.kksa esa dsoy HkfDr rŸo dk gh ugha] mudh lc vk[;kf;dkvksa dk ewy HkhJqfr;ksa eas ns[kk tkrk gSA blds dbZ mnkgj.k fn;s tk ldrs gS & iqjk.kksa esa txUekrk dsfxfjjkt dqekjh mekfxfjjkt dqekjh mekfxfjjkt dqekjh mekfxfjjkt dqekjh mekfxfjjkt dqekjh mek ds :i esa tUe ysus dh ckr vkrh gSA blh izdkj dsuksifu”kn~ esa Hkhczã fo|k dk gSeorh mekgSeorh mekgSeorh mekgSeorh mekgSeorh mek ds :i esa izdV gksuk ns[kk tkrk gSA9 iqjk.kksa esa okeu&vorkjdh dFkk gS] tksfd _Xosn esa Hkh ns[kk tkrk gS fd Hkxoku~ fo”.kq rhu iknizs{kiksa ls viusvkfJr tuksa ij vuqxzg djrs gS & ^;L;=h iw.kkZ e/kquk iknkU;{kh;ek.kk Lo/k;k^;L;=h iw.kkZ e/kquk iknkU;{kh;ek.kk Lo/k;k^;L;=h iw.kkZ e/kquk iknkU;{kh;ek.kk Lo/k;k^;L;=h iw.kkZ e/kquk iknkU;{kh;ek.kk Lo/k;k^;L;=h iw.kkZ e/kquk iknkU;{kh;ek.kk Lo/k;kenfUr*AenfUr*AenfUr*AenfUr*AenfUr*A10 iqjk.kksa dh okjkgkorkj dh dFkk Hkh osnksa esa ns[kh tkrh gS11 NkUnksX;ksifu’kn~ esaHkh ^Ñ”.kk; nsodh iq=k;*^Ñ”.kk; nsodh iq=k;*^Ñ”.kk; nsodh iq=k;*^Ñ”.kk; nsodh iq=k;*^Ñ”.kk; nsodh iq=k;* ,slk mYys[k gSA12

ok;q vkSj fo”.kq vkfn iqjk.kksa esa tgk¡ jktoa’kkofy;k¡ of.kZr gSa] ogha osn eU=ksa ds nz”Vk_f”k;ksa ds lEcU/k esa Hkh dqN u dqN ikSjkf.kd lkexzh fey tkrh gSA13 oSfnd lafgrkvksa ovuqØef.kdkvksa esa eU= nz”Vk _f”k;ksa dk o.kZu vkrk gS rFkk muds uke ds lkFk muds firkds uke dk Hkh mYys[k jgrk gSA tSls & es/kkfrfFk dk.o] fgj.;Lrwr] vkf³~xjl vkfnAiqjk.kksa esa lw;Zoa’kh euq ds nl iq=ksa dk mYys[k gS muesa ‘k;kZfr Hkh ,d gSA _Xosn ds nlosae.My ¼90/92½ ds ,d _f”k dks ^’kk;kZrksekuo%*^’kk;kZrksekuo%*^’kk;kZrksekuo%*^’kk;kZrksekuo%*^’kk;kZrksekuo%* dgk x;k gS] ftldk vFkZ gS euq dkiq= ‘kk;kZr~A osn dk ‘kk;kZr~ ekuo o iqjk.kksa dk ‘k;kZfr nksuksa ,d gh O;fDr izrhr gksrs gSaA


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44

euq iq= b{okdq ds oa’k esa 18oka jktk ekU/kkrk gS tks fd cM+k izrkih FkkA muds firk dkuke ;qouk’o FkkA14 _Xosn_Xosn_Xosn_Xosn_Xosn ds nlosa e.My ds 134osa lwDr dk nz”Vk _f”k ;kSouk’o ekU/kkrk gS] ftldk vFkZ ^;qouk’o dk iq= ekU/kkrk* gksrk gSA bl izdkj dgk tk ldrk gS fdiqjk.kksa dk izrkih jktk ekU/kkrk _Xosn dk eU= nz”Vk _f”k Hkh FkkA

pUnzoa’k dk tUenkrk iq#jok ,sy gh viuh iRuh moZ’kh lfgr _Xosn ¼10/95½ dsvusd eU=ksa dk nz”Vk gS] ftuesa ,sfrgkfldksa ds erkuqlkj mu nksuksa ds izse lEcU/k dk HkhmYys[k gSA iq#jok ,sy dk vFkZ gS] byk dk iq= iq#jokA mlh izdkj eRL;iqjk.keRL;iqjk.keRL;iqjk.keRL;iqjk.keRL;iqjk.k esa Hkh euqiq=h byk vkSj cq/k ds la;ksx ls iq#jok dk tUe gksuk dgk x;k gSA15 ‘kqu%’ksi _Xosn dsizFke e.My ds 24 ls 30osa lwDrksa o uoesa e.My ds r`rh; lwDr dk nz”Vk gSA mls^’kqu%’ksi vkftxfrZ Ñf=eks oS”okfe=ks nsojkr _f”k*^’kqu%’ksi vkftxfrZ Ñf=eks oS”okfe=ks nsojkr _f”k*^’kqu%’ksi vkftxfrZ Ñf=eks oS”okfe=ks nsojkr _f”k*^’kqu%’ksi vkftxfrZ Ñf=eks oS”okfe=ks nsojkr _f”k*^’kqu%’ksi vkftxfrZ Ñf=eks oS”okfe=ks nsojkr _f”k* vFkkZr~ vftxfrZ dk vkSjliq= ofo’okfe= dk xksn fy;k gqvk iq= ‘kqu%’ksi nsojkr ¼nsorkvksa½ }kjk fn;k gqvk dgk x;k gSAfo’okfe= dk vkSjl T;s”B iq= e/kqPNank% Hkh _Xosn ds izFke e.My ds 9 ls 10 lwDrksa dk,oa uoesa e.My ds igys lwDr dk nz”Vk gSA mls ê/kqPNUnk oS’okfe=ksa*ê/kqPNUnk oS’okfe=ksa*ê/kqPNUnk oS’okfe=ksa*ê/kqPNUnk oS’okfe=ksa*ê/kqPNUnk oS’okfe=ksa* vFkkZr~ fo’okfe=dk iq= e/kqPNank%e/kqPNank%e/kqPNank%e/kqPNank%e/kqPNank% dgk x;k gSA d’;i dk izikS= nh?kZrel Hkh eU=nz”Vk gS16 vk;qosZn dklqfo[;k ys[kd /kUorfj Hkh nh?kZrel dk iq= FkkA17 vFkoZosnvFkoZosnvFkoZosnvFkoZosnvFkoZosn esa czãp;Z] x`gLFk] v/;kRefo|k ds lkFk&lkFk tknw Vksuk bR;kfn ds }kjk ‘k=q dk izrhdkj djuk] o’khdj.k fØ;k;sa ofofo/k ;Kksa dk lEiknu ns[kus dks feyrs gS ftldk foLrkj ls foospu egf”kZ osn O;kl us^vfXuiqjk.k* esa fd;k gSA

Hkkxoriqjk.kHkkxoriqjk.kHkkxoriqjk.kHkkxoriqjk.kHkkxoriqjk.k esa dgk gS fd vkjEHk esa ,d gh osn FkkA psrk ds vkjEHk esa iq#jokls gh osn=;h vkSj vfXu=;h dk vkfoHkkZo gqvk &

,d ,o iqjkosn% iz.ko% loZOkk³~e;%A,d ,o iqjkosn% iz.ko% loZOkk³~e;%A,d ,o iqjkosn% iz.ko% loZOkk³~e;%A,d ,o iqjkosn% iz.ko% loZOkk³~e;%A,d ,o iqjkosn% iz.ko% loZOkk³~e;%Ansoks ukjk;.kks ukU; ,d% vfXuoZ.kZ ,o pAAnsoks ukjk;.kks ukU; ,d% vfXuoZ.kZ ,o pAAnsoks ukjk;.kks ukU; ,d% vfXuoZ.kZ ,o pAAnsoks ukjk;.kks ukU; ,d% vfXuoZ.kZ ,o pAAnsoks ukjk;.kks ukU; ,d% vfXuoZ.kZ ,o pAA

iq#jol ,oklhr~ =;h =srkeq[ks uìAiq#jol ,oklhr~ =;h =srkeq[ks uìAiq#jol ,oklhr~ =;h =srkeq[ks uìAiq#jol ,oklhr~ =;h =srkeq[ks uìAiq#jol ,oklhr~ =;h =srkeq[ks uìAvfXuuk izt;k jktk yksd xkU/koZesf;oku~AAvfXuuk izt;k jktk yksd xkU/koZesf;oku~AAvfXuuk izt;k jktk yksd xkU/koZesf;oku~AAvfXuuk izt;k jktk yksd xkU/koZesf;oku~AAvfXuuk izt;k jktk yksd xkU/koZesf;oku~AA18

ok;qiqjk.kok;qiqjk.kok;qiqjk.kok;qiqjk.kok;qiqjk.k esa dgk gS fd prq”iknkRed ,d iqjk.k dh vusd lafgrk,¡ cuhA mu esaikBkUrjks ds vfrfjDr vU; dksbZ Hksn ugha FkkA ;g ikBkUrjksa dk Hksn oSlk gh Fkk] tSlk osndh ‘kk[kkvksa esa gS &

loZLrk fg prq’iknk% lokZ’pSdkFkZokfpdk%AloZLrk fg prq’iknk% lokZ’pSdkFkZokfpdk%AloZLrk fg prq’iknk% lokZ’pSdkFkZokfpdk%AloZLrk fg prq’iknk% lokZ’pSdkFkZokfpdk%AloZLrk fg prq’iknk% lokZ’pSdkFkZokfpdk%AikBkUrjs i`FkXHkwrk osn’kk[kk ;Fkk rFkkAAikBkUrjs i`FkXHkwrk osn’kk[kk ;Fkk rFkkAAikBkUrjs i`FkXHkwrk osn’kk[kk ;Fkk rFkkAAikBkUrjs i`FkXHkwrk osn’kk[kk ;Fkk rFkkAAikBkUrjs i`FkXHkwrk osn’kk[kk ;Fkk rFkkAA19

Hkkxor iqjk.k esa osn dh ‘kk[kkvksa ij fopkj djrs gq, dgk x;k gS fd O;kl th ds}kjk _d~] ;tq] lke vkSj vFkoZ bu pkj osnksa dk m)kj ¼i`Fkd dj.k½ gqvkA muesa ls_Xosn ls iSy] lkexku ds tSfefu ,oa ;tqosZn ds ,dek= Lukrd oS’kEik;u gq,A vFkoZosnesa izoh.k gq, n#.kuUnu lqeUrqeqfuA bu _f”k;ksa us viuh&viuh ‘kk[kkvksa dks vkSj HkhfoHkDr dj fn;kA bl izdkj f’k”;&izf’k”; vkSj muds f’k”;ksa }kjk osn dh cgqr lh ‘kk[kk,¡cu x;hA vr% Hkkxor iqjk.k esa dgk Hkh gS &


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45

O;n/kk|KlarI;S osnesda prqfoZ/ke~A _X;tq% lkekFkokZjO;k osnk”pRokj mn~/k`rk%AAO;n/kk|KlarI;S osnesda prqfoZ/ke~A _X;tq% lkekFkokZjO;k osnk”pRokj mn~/k`rk%AAO;n/kk|KlarI;S osnesda prqfoZ/ke~A _X;tq% lkekFkokZjO;k osnk”pRokj mn~/k`rk%AAO;n/kk|KlarI;S osnesda prqfoZ/ke~A _X;tq% lkekFkokZjO;k osnk”pRokj mn~/k`rk%AAO;n/kk|KlarI;S osnesda prqfoZ/ke~A _X;tq% lkekFkokZjO;k osnk”pRokj mn~/k`rk%AAr=XosZn/kj% iSy% lkexks tSfefu% dfo%A oS”kEik;u ,oSdks fu’.kkrks ;tq’kkeqrAAr=XosZn/kj% iSy% lkexks tSfefu% dfo%A oS”kEik;u ,oSdks fu’.kkrks ;tq’kkeqrAAr=XosZn/kj% iSy% lkexks tSfefu% dfo%A oS”kEik;u ,oSdks fu’.kkrks ;tq’kkeqrAAr=XosZn/kj% iSy% lkexks tSfefu% dfo%A oS”kEik;u ,oSdks fu’.kkrks ;tq’kkeqrAAr=XosZn/kj% iSy% lkexks tSfefu% dfo%A oS”kEik;u ,oSdks fu’.kkrks ;tq’kkeqrAA

vFkokZf³~xjlkeklhRlqeUrqnkZ#.kks eqfu%A r ,r _’k;ks osn Loa Loa O;L;UUusd/kkAAvFkokZf³~xjlkeklhRlqeUrqnkZ#.kks eqfu%A r ,r _’k;ks osn Loa Loa O;L;UUusd/kkAAvFkokZf³~xjlkeklhRlqeUrqnkZ#.kks eqfu%A r ,r _’k;ks osn Loa Loa O;L;UUusd/kkAAvFkokZf³~xjlkeklhRlqeUrqnkZ#.kks eqfu%A r ,r _’k;ks osn Loa Loa O;L;UUusd/kkAAvFkokZf³~xjlkeklhRlqeUrqnkZ#.kks eqfu%A r ,r _’k;ks osn Loa Loa O;L;UUusd/kkAAf”k’;S% izf”k’;SLrfPNO;Sos ZnkLrs “kkfjouks Hkou~AAf”k’;S% izf”k’;SLrfPNO;Sos ZnkLrs “kkfjouks Hkou~AAf”k’;S% izf”k’;SLrfPNO;Sos ZnkLrs “kkfjouks Hkou~AAf”k’;S% izf”k’;SLrfPNO;Sos ZnkLrs “kkfjouks Hkou~AAf”k’;S% izf”k’;SLrfPNO;Sos ZnkLrs “kkfjouks Hkou~AA2020202020

ikSjkf.kd lkfgR; esa vfEcdk f’ko iRuh ds :i esa ekU; gS] fdUrq ;tqosZn esa vfEcdkdks #nz dh Hkfxuh cryk;k21 ,oa ‘kriFk czkã.k esa Hkh vfEcdk #nzHkfxuh gh cryk;h x;hgS & ^^vfEcdkgoS ukekL; Lolk**A^^vfEcdkgoS ukekL; Lolk**A^^vfEcdkgoS ukekL; Lolk**A^^vfEcdkgoS ukekL; Lolk**A^^vfEcdkgoS ukekL; Lolk**A22

_Xosn esa #nz dks Hk;adj vkSj fgald i’kq dh Hkk¡fr fouk’kd rks dgk x;k gS23 rFkk#nz lEcU/kh lwDrksa esa eq[;r% buds Hk;adj n.M ds izfr Hk; ,oa buds Øks/k ds y?kqdj.kdh Hkkouk O;Dr dh xbZ gSA budh Lrqfr bl Hk; ls dh xbZ gS fd ;s Øks/k esa vkdj viusLrksrk dks u”V u dj nsa&

ekuks egkUreqr ekuks vHkZda ek u% m{kUreqreku mf{kre~Aekuks egkUreqr ekuks vHkZda ek u% m{kUreqreku mf{kre~Aekuks egkUreqr ekuks vHkZda ek u% m{kUreqreku mf{kre~Aekuks egkUreqr ekuks vHkZda ek u% m{kUreqreku mf{kre~Aekuks egkUreqr ekuks vHkZda ek u% m{kUreqreku mf{kre~Aekuks o/kh% firjeksr ekrja ek u% fiz;kLrUoks #nzjhfj”k%AAekuks o/kh% firjeksr ekrja ek u% fiz;kLrUoks #nzjhfj”k%AAekuks o/kh% firjeksr ekrja ek u% fiz;kLrUoks #nzjhfj”k%AAekuks o/kh% firjeksr ekrja ek u% fiz;kLrUoks #nzjhfj”k%AAekuks o/kh% firjeksr ekrja ek u% fiz;kLrUoks #nzjhfj”k%AA24

;tqosZn ds eU=ksa ds ek/;e ls izkFkZuk Hkh dh xbZ gS fd os izkf.k;ksa dh fgalk u djsa25

o #nzdks czkrifr Hkh dgk x;k gS& ^^czkrsH;ks czkrifrHp’p oks ueks ueks**A^^czkrsH;ks czkrifrHp’p oks ueks ueks**A^^czkrsH;ks czkrifrHp’p oks ueks ueks**A^^czkrsH;ks czkrifrHp’p oks ueks ueks**A^^czkrsH;ks czkrifrHp’p oks ueks ueks**A26 #nz dksrhuksa us=ksa okyk Hkh dgk x;k gS& ^^^^^^^^^^×××××;Ecda ;tkegs lqxfU/ka iqf”V o/kZue~**A;Ecda ;tkegs lqxfU/ka iqf”V o/kZue~**A;Ecda ;tkegs lqxfU/ka iqf”V o/kZue~**A;Ecda ;tkegs lqxfU/ka iqf”V o/kZue~**A;Ecda ;tkegs lqxfU/ka iqf”V o/kZue~**A27 vr%leLr Hkk”;dkjksa us ×;Ecd ‘kCn dk vFkZ rhuksa us=ksa okyk gh Lohdkj fd;k gSA28 ik’pkR;fo}ku~ ^vEcd*^vEcd*^vEcd*^vEcd*^vEcd* ‘kCn dks tuuh okpd ekudj #nz dks rhu ekrk okyk crykrs gSaA ijUrq;g Li”V ugha gksrk fd #nz dh ;g rhu ekrk,¡ dkSu lh FkhA esjs er esa ^vEcd* ‘kCn dkvFkZ firk gksrk gS] ekrk ughaA ôkpLiR;e~* ds vuqlkj f’ko rhuksa ds firk] rhuksa yksdksa dsfuoklh vkSj ‘kCn :i esa rhuksa yksdksa esa O;kIr gksus ds dkj.k «;Ecd dgrs tkrs gSA29 blhizdkj fdlh îqjk.k* esa f’ko dks cM+k dgk gS vkSj fo”.kq dks NksVk rFkk fdlh esa fo”.kq dkscM+k o f’ko dks NksVk crk;k gSA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd f’ko HkDr ds fy;s f’ko dh ghHkxon~Hkko ls mikluk djuk mfpr gSA blh izdkj fo”.kq HkDr dks fo”.kq dh gh bZ’oj Hkkols mikluk djuh pkfg;sA fofHkUu lk/kdksa dk fofHkUu Hkkoksa ls ;qDr gksdj mikluk djukmfpr gh gSA vr% iqjk.kksa dks ijLij fojks/kh ugha dgk tk ldrk gSA

oSfnd _f”k;ksa us vius ledkfyd jktkvksa dk tgk¡ mYys[k fd;k gS ogha eU= nz”Vk_f”k;ksa us Hkh vius lEcU/k esa o.kZu fd;k gSA oSfnd lkfgR; esa ftu jktkvksa o _f”k;ksa dkmYys[k gqvk] mudk mYys[k iqjk.kksa esa tkdj Hkh Lok;EHkqo euq] Lokjksfp”k euq o mŸke euqvkfn ds :i esa of.kZr gSA vfHkizk; ;g gS fd iqjk.kksa esa osnksa dk mYys[k rks ns[kk tkrk gSlkFk gh iqjk.kksa dks îŒpe osn* Hkh dgk x;k gS &

_Xosna Hkxoks v/;sfe ;tqosZna lkeosnekFkoZ.ke~A_Xosna Hkxoks v/;sfe ;tqosZna lkeosnekFkoZ.ke~A_Xosna Hkxoks v/;sfe ;tqosZna lkeosnekFkoZ.ke~A_Xosna Hkxoks v/;sfe ;tqosZna lkeosnekFkoZ.ke~A_Xosna Hkxoks v/;sfe ;tqosZna lkeosnekFkoZ.ke~AprqFkZfefrgkl iqjk.ka iprqFkZfefrgkl iqjk.ka iprqFkZfefrgkl iqjk.ka iprqFkZfefrgkl iqjk.ka iprqFkZfefrgkl iqjk.ka iŒpa osnkuka osne~AApa osnkuka osne~AApa osnkuka osne~AApa osnkuka osne~AApa osnkuka osne~AA30


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46

;g lR; gS fd osnksa dks ekuus ij iqjk.kksa dk Hkh izkek.; Lohdkj djuk iM+rk gSAcgqr yksxksa dh ,slh /kkj.kk gS fd iqjk.k cgqr izkphu ugha gks ldrs] D;ksafd iqjk.kksa esa cq)nsodh dFkk rFkk muls ihNs dh Hkh ?kVukvksa dk mYys[k gS fdUrq ;g er Bhd ugha gSA ijUrqT;ksfr”k ds Kku dh lgk;rk ls tSls ijorhZ lw;Zxzg.k] pUnzxzg.k vkfn dk le; igys ls ghcrk fn;k tkrk gS] mlh izdkj _f”kx.k ;ksx lk/kuk ds ek/;e ls Hkfo”; dh lHkh ?kVukvksadks tku ldrs FksA vr% egf”kZ x.k f=dkyn’khZ FksA

iqjk.kksa esa dgk gS fd pUnzxzg.k esa jkgq pUnzek dks xzlrk gS] fdUrq foKku dgrk gSpUnzek i`Foh dh Nk;k esa izos’k djrk gSA ;g ns[kdj eu esa ;g ckr vk ldrh gS fd iqjk.kksadh ;g ckr fo’okl ds ;ksX; ugha gS] oLrqr% okLrfodrk ;g ugha gSA pUnzek i`Foh dh Nk;kesa izos’k dj ldrk gS] fdUrq ;g dkSu dg ldrk gS fd i`Foh dh tM+ Nk;k esa dksbZ Hkh psruO;fDr vf/kf”Br ughaA iqjk.k dgrs gS fd ml Nk;k esa ,d psru ‘kfDr vf/kf”Br gSA oghiw.kZpUnz ds rst dks fuLrst dj nsrh gSA vr% og vklqjh ‘kfDr gSA lw;Zxzg.k ds le; ogh‘kfDr lw;Z dks nh[kus esa ck/kd gks tkrh gSA lw;Z izdk’k nsrk gS] ok;q izokfgr gksrk gS vkSj es?kty cjlkrs gSa] izÑfr dh bu lHkh ?kVukvksa esa ml psru’kfDr dh fØ;k fo|eku gSA _f”k;ksaus fnO;us=ksa ls ml ‘kfDr dks ns[kk FkkA ijUrq ge yksxksa esa mls ns[kus dh ‘kfDr ugha gS] vr%_f”k okD;ksa esa gekjk vfo’okl djuk Bhd ugha gSA

iqjk.kksa esa jktkvksa dh oa’kkoyh dk Hkh o.kZu gS] fdUrq oa’kkoyh dk o.kZu dsoydkSrqgy dh iwfŸkZ ds fy;s gh ugha gS] vfirq osn dk rkRi;Z le>kus ds fy;s] fo”k;&Hkksxksa dhvkdka{kk dks NqM+kus ds fy;s vkSj fpŸk dks HkxonqUeq[k djus ds fy;s ftu ,sfrgkfld ?kVukvksadk mYys[k vko’;d gS] iqjk.kksa esa fo”ks’k :i ls mUgha dk o.kZu gqvk gSA

oLrqr% iqjk.kksa dk eq[; xkSjo ;g gS fd osn us ûsfr&usfr*ûsfr&usfr*ûsfr&usfr*ûsfr&usfr*ûsfr&usfr* djds vkSj ^;rks okpks^;rks okpks^;rks okpks^;rks okpks^;rks okpksfuorZUrs vizkI; eulk lg*fuorZUrs vizkI; eulk lg*fuorZUrs vizkI; eulk lg*fuorZUrs vizkI; eulk lg*fuorZUrs vizkI; eulk lg* dgdj ftl ije rŸo dks _f”k;ksa ds Hkh bfUnz;] eu vkSjcqf) ls vxE; ns’k esa j[k fn;k Fkk] iqjk.kksa us mldks loZlk/kkj.k ds bfUnz;] eu vkSj cqf)ds lehi ykdj mifLFkr dj fn;k gSA osnksa ds ^lR;a KkueuUre~*^lR;a KkueuUre~*^lR;a KkueuUre~*^lR;a KkueuUre~*^lR;a KkueuUre~* ^’kq)eikifo)e~*]^’kq)eikifo)e~*]^’kq)eikifo)e~*]^’kq)eikifo)e~*]^’kq)eikifo)e~*]czã us iqjk.kksa esa dsoy HkDrksa ds vkjk/; izse/kuewfrZ lkSUn;Z&ek/kq;Z&fuy; Hkxoku~ ds :i esagh ugha] vfirq nhucU/kq] vukFkukFk ifrrikou :i esa ,oa thoek= ds fut Lotu ds :iesa vius dks izdkf’kr fd;k gSA

osnksa us ?kks”k.kk dh gS fd czã lc izdkj ds uke] :i vkSj Hkkoksa ls ijs gSA iqjk.k dgrsgS fd czã loZukeh] loZ:ih vkSj loZHkkoe; gSA osn dgrs gS fd ^,da lf}izk cgq/kk^,da lf}izk cgq/kk^,da lf}izk cgq/kk^,da lf}izk cgq/kk^,da lf}izk cgq/kkonfUr*]onfUr*]onfUr*]onfUr*]onfUr*] fdUrq iqjk.k dgrs gS fd ^,da lRizsE.kk cgq/kk Hkofr*^,da lRizsE.kk cgq/kk Hkofr*^,da lRizsE.kk cgq/kk Hkofr*^,da lRizsE.kk cgq/kk Hkofr*^,da lRizsE.kk cgq/kk Hkofr*A osnksa ds gh czã rŸo usiqjk.kksa esa vla[; uke] :i ,oa Hkkoksa ds }kjk ekuo ân;] cqf) vkSj bfUnz;ksa ds lkeus vius


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47

dks izdV fd;k gSA og czãk] fo’.kq vkSj f’ko:i gS] ogh dkyh] nqxkZ] y{eh vkSj ljLorh gS]ogh jke] Ñ”.k] u`flag vkSj okeu gS vkSj ogh bUnz] vkfnR;] o#.k vkSj vfXu gSA

ftl fdlh Hkh ns’k] dky vkSj lEiznk; esa ftl fdlh Hkh nsork ;k nsoh dh miklukizpfyr Fkh] vFkok gS] iqjk.kksa us mu lHkh nsoh&nsorkvksa dks Lohdkj dj yksd thou dslEeq[k oSfnd _f”k;ksa ds izfr lEeku ,oa oSfnd nsorkvksa dh mikluk i)fr dks viukus dhfopkj/kkjk j[kh rFkk lHkh ds egkRE; dks vuUr xq.kk c<+kdj izpkfjr] izlkfjr o izdkf”krfd;k] lkFk gh lHkh dk Lo:ixr ,dRo mn~?kkfVr fd;kA

vkt HkkSfrdrkoknh fopkj/kkjk esa Hkh iqjk.kksa ds izHkko ls Hkkjrh; /keZ&ftKklqvusdks lEiznk;ksa esa foHkDr gksdj Hkh ,d gh /keZ dk vuqlj.k dj jgs gaSA os vusdksansorkvksa ds mikld gksdj Hkh vf}rh; czã ds gh mikld gSaA vr% ewy osnksa dk ikBdjus dh lq;ksX;rk ;k {kerk geesa ls cgqrksa dks izkIr ugha gSa fdUrq iqjk.kksa dk ikB cgqrls yksx dj ldrs gSaA ;gk¡ rd dh vusdksa iqjk.kksa dk fHkUu&fHkUu Hkk”kkvksa esa Hkh vuqokngks pqdk gSA mu xzUFkksa dk J)kiwoZd ikB djds ge yksxksa dks oSfnd /keZ ds okLrfodLo:i dks miyC/k djokus dh ps”Vk djuh pkfg;sA vr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd oSfndfopkj/kkjk us ikSjkf.kd fopkj/kkjk dks fofo/k :iksa esa izHkkfor fd;k gSA

lanHkZ lwfplanHkZ lwfplanHkZ lwfplanHkZ lwfplanHkZ lwfp

1- okpk fo:ifuR;;kA _å laå 8/75/62- ;ks czãk.ka fon/kkfr iwoZa ;ks oS osnka’p izfg.kksfr rLeSA ‘osrk’osrjksifu”kn~ 6/183- iqjk.kifj’khyu] i`“B la[;k 60&614- ok;q iqjk.k 1/200/2015- uh;ekRek izopusu yH;ks u es/k;k u cgquk JqrsuA

;esoS”k o‘.kqrs rsu yH;LrL;S”k vkRek foo`.kqrsruw ¡Loke~AA dBkså 1/2/236- eq.Mdksifu”kn~ 9/2/17- resra czã.kk fofofn”kfUr ;Ksu nkusu rilk uk’kdsuA c`gnkj.;dksifu”kn~8- vfo|;k e`R;qa rhRokZ fo/;ke`re’uqrsA bZ’kksifu”kn~9- l rfLeUusokdk’ks fL=;;ktxke cgq’kksHkekukeqHkk gSeorhe~A dsuå må 3/1210- _å laå 1/21/411- l ojkg:ia ÑRok miU;eŒtr l i`Fohe/; vkPNZr~A rSfŸkjh;czkã.k12- NkUnksX; mifu”kn 7/1/213- ikftZVj & Ancient Indian Historical Traditional – Page 194-19814- ¼d½ ok;q iqjk.k 88/67&69

¼[k½ czãk.M iqjk.k 3/63/66&7015- eRL; iqjk.k 11/10/12&1916- _Xosn 1/140&164


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48

17- fo”.kqiqjk.k 4/8/5718- Hkkxoriqjk.k 9/14/48] 4919- ok;qiqjk.k 61oka v/;k;20- Hkkxor~ 1/4/19&2221- ,’k rs #nzHkkx% lg LoL=kfEcd;k ra rtq”kLo LokgA ;tqosZn 3/5722- ‘kriFk czkã.k 2/6/2/923- Lrqfr Jqra xrZlna ;qokua e`xa u Hkhe;qigRuqexze~A

ewykpfj=s #nz Lrokuks vU;a rs vLekfUuoiUrq lsuk%AA _Xosn 2/33/1124- _Xosn 4/114/725- ek fgalh% iq#”ka txrA ;tqosZn 16/326- ;tqosZn 16/2527- _Xosn 7/53/1428- rFkk ×;Ecda =hO;Ecdkfu us=kf.k ;L; rk–’kansoeso f=us=k;nso bfrA

;tqosZn 3/58 ¼egh/kj Hkk”;½29- =hf.k vEcdkfu u;ukU;L;] =;k.kka yksdkuka vEcda firsfr ok] =hf.k i`fFkO;Urjh{k}|qyksdk[;kfu

vEcdkfu ;L;sfr ok f=”kq dkys”kq ok vEc% ‘kCnks osn y{k.kks ;L;sfr okAA okpLiR;e~ i‘å laå 339730- NkUnksX; mifu”kn~ 7/1/2


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49

oSfnd “kksM~’k ¼lksyg½ laLdkjoSfnd “kksM~’k ¼lksyg½ laLdkjoSfnd “kksM~’k ¼lksyg½ laLdkjoSfnd “kksM~’k ¼lksyg½ laLdkjoSfnd “kksM~’k ¼lksyg½ laLdkj

MkW0 eerk ‘kekZMkW0 eerk ‘kekZMkW0 eerk ‘kekZMkW0 eerk ‘kekZMkW0 eerk ‘kekZlgk;d Ák/;kid ¼laL—r foHkkx½

jktdh; Lukrd egkfo|ky;] v[kuwj

Hk wfedk&Hk wfedk&Hk wfedk&Hk wfedk&Hk wfedk&laLdkj ‘kCn dh O;qÙifÙk laL—r dh le~ iwoZd ^— ~* /kkrq ls ^?k ~* ÁR;; djds dh

xbZ gSA ¼le~$—$?k ~¾laLdkj½ rFkk laLdkj ‘kCn dk Á;ksx vusd vFk®± esa fd;k tkrk gSAehekald1 laLdkj ‘kCn dk vk’k; ;Kk³~xHkwr iqjksMk’k vkfn dh fof/kor~ ‘kqf) ls le>rs gSaAv}SrosnkUrh2 laLdkj dks tho ij ‘kkjhfjd fØ;kvksa ds feF;k vkjksi dks ekurs gSaA laL—r&lkfgR; esa laLdkj dk Á;ksx f’k{kk] laL—fr] Áf’k{k.k3] lkStU;] iw.kZrk] O;kdj.k&lEcU/kh‘kqf)4] laLdj.k] ifj”dj.k5] ‘kksHkk] vkHkw”k.k6] ÁHkko] Lo:i] LoHkko] fØ;k] Nki7]Lej.k‘kfä] Lej.k‘kfä ij iM+us okyk ÁHkko8 rFkk fØ;k dh fo’ks”krk vkfn vFk®± esa gqvk gSAekuo&thou esa laLdkjksa dh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk jgh gSA ÁR;sd Hkkjrh; vius thou esa iw.kZ :ils laLdkj dk ikyu djrk gSA laLdkj ekuo ds vkUrfjd&xq.kksa rFkk cká&fodkl dks laxfBrdjrk gSA ik.Ms; us laLdkj ds egÙo dk Áfriknu djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd laLdkjekuo&thou ds ifj”dkj rFkk ‘kqf) esa lgk;d gksrs gSaA O;fäÙo ds fodkl esa ;ksxnku nsrsgSa rFkk ekuo ds ‘kjhj dks ifo= djrs gSaA bruk gh ugha laLdkj euq”; dh lHkh HkkSfrd vkSjvk/;kfRed egÙodka{kkvksa dks xfr Ánku djrs gSa vkSj ekuo dks tfVyrkvksa rFkk leL;kvksads laLkkj ls eqfä fnykrs gSaA9 laLdkj O;fä ds tUe ls e`R;q i;ZUr ds lHkh fØ;k&dykiksa dkekxZ n’kZu djrs gSaA

1- xHkkZ/kku laLdkj %xHkkZ/kku laLdkj %xHkkZ/kku laLdkj %xHkkZ/kku laLdkj %xHkkZ/kku laLdkj %ftl deZ ds }kjk iq#”k L=h esa viuk cht LFkkfir djrk gS mls xHkkZ/kku dgrs gSaA10

vkpk;Z ‘kkSud Hkh dqN vyx ‘kCnksa esa ,slh gh ifjHkk”kk nsrs gSa& ßftl deZ dh iwÆresa L=h ¼ifr }kjk½ ÁnÙk ‘kqØ /kkj.k djrh gS mls xHkkZyEHku ;k xHkkZ/kku dgrs gSaA11

bl rjg ;g Li”V gks tkrk gS fd ;g deZ dksbZ dkYifud /kkÆed —R; ugha Fkk]vfirq ,d ;FkkFkZ deZ FkkA bl Átuu&dk;Z dks lksís’; rFkk laL—r cukus ds fufeÙkxHkkZ/kku laLdkj fd;k tkrk FkkA bl laLdkj dk Ápyu oSfnd&dky ls gSA12

;kKoYD; ds vuqlkj xHkkZ/kku laLdkj ds }kjk xHkZ dh ‘kqf) dh tkrh FkhA fookg dkmís’; gS fd ÁR;sd x`gLFk viuh& viuh iRuh ls lgokl djsA iq=ksRifÙk ds fy,xHkkZ/kku laLdkj vfuok;Z FkkA13 x`gLFkkJe esa Áos’k djds tc fookfgr nEirhlUrfr dh dkeuk ls feyrs gSa rFkk iq#”k _rq&Lukrk iRuh esa vius oh;Z dh LFkkiukdjrk gS] mls xHkkZ/kku dgrs gSaA euq us xHkZ dh lqj{kk ds fy, bl ckr dks vko’;d


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50

crk;k gS fd xHkkZ/kku ds le; iRuh lHkh rjg ls [kq’k rFkk lUrq”V gksA tks iRuh [kq’kugha gksrh og xHkkZ/kku djus esa vleFkZ jgrh gSA blfy, ifr dk dÙkZO; gS fd ogiRuh dks mldh bPNkuqlkj lUrq”V djds bl laLdkj esa mldk lg;ksx ÁkIr djsA14

;kKoYD; us xHkkZ/kku dk lcls mfpr le; fookg ds ckn ÁFke _rqn’kZu ds pkSFksfnu ds ckn crk;k gSA _rqn’kZu ds fnu ls lksyg jkf= dk le; fL=;ksa dk _rqdkygS] tks ifr&iRuh ;ksX; lUrku dks pkgus okys gSa] os bl dky ds ÁkjfEHkd pkj fnuksadks rFkk vekoL;k] v”Veh] iw.kZeklh rFkk prqnZ’kh& bu pkj frfFk;ksa dks NksM+dj xHkkZ/kku laLdkj djuk pkfg,A15

2- iqalou laLdkj %iqalou laLdkj %iqalou laLdkj %iqalou laLdkj %iqalou laLdkj %xHkZ/kkj.k dk fu’p; gks tkus ds ckn xHkZLFk f’k’kq dks iaqlou uked laLdkj ds }kjkvfHkfgr fd;k tkrk FkkA iqalou ‘kCn ls vfHkÁk; lkekU;r% ml deZ ls Fkk ftldsvuq”Bku ls iqa vFkkZr~ iqeku~ ¼iq#”k½ dk tUe gksA16 bl Ádkj bl volj ijifBr rFkk xhr _pkvksa esa iqeku~ vFkok iq= dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS vkSj osiq=&tUe dk vuqeksnu djrh gSaA17 tks ekrk iq= dks tUe nsrh Fkh mldh lektesa Á’kalk dh tkrh Fkh vkSj mls lekt esa lEekfur LFkku ÁkIr gksrk FkkA ;kKoYD;ds vuqlkj tc ckyd dh fLFkfr xHkZ esa Li”V gks tk, rFkk xHkZ pyus yxs rc ;glaLdkj gksrk FkkA18 iaqlou laLdkj xHkZ/kkj.k ds nwljs ;k rhljs ekg esa gksrk gSAxHkZ esa fLFkr f’k’kq dks iq= :i nsus ds fy, ;g laLdkj fd;k tkrk gSA iqaloulaLdkj ÁR;sd xHkkZ& /kku ds ckn gksuk pkfg,A

3- lheUrks™k;u laLdkj %lheUrks™k;u laLdkj %lheUrks™k;u laLdkj %lheUrks™k;u laLdkj %lheUrks™k;u laLdkj %xHkZ dk rhljk laLdkj lheUrks™k;u FkkA19 bl laLdkj esa xÆHk.kh L=h ds ds’kksa dksÅij mBk;k tkrk FkkA ;kKoYD; us lheUrks™k;u laLdkj dk le; xHkZ ds NBsekl dk crk;k gSA20 tulk/kkj.k dk ;g fo’okl Fkk fd xÆHk.kh L=h dksve³~xydkjh ‘kfä;k¡ xzLr dj nsrh gSaA vr% muds fujkdj.k ds fy, fo’ks”klaLdkj dh vko’;drk Árhr gqbZA bl laLdkj esa b”V nsorkvksa ls nl ekl rdxHkZ dh j{kk ds fy, ÁkFkZuk dh tkrh gSA ;kKoYD; us bl laLdkj esa crk;k gS fdxHkZ dh lqj{kk dh –f”V ls ifr dk dÙkZO; gS fd og viuh iRuh dh xHksZPNk dksiw.kZ djs D;ksafd xHksZPNk iwjh u gksus ds nq%[k ls iRuh ds LokLF; ij cqjk ÁHkko HkhiM+ ldrk gSA f’k’kq dk Lo:i Hkh fcxM+ ldrk gS vFkok f’k’kq dh e`R;q Hkh gks ldrhgSA21 vk’oyk;u Lefr esa ifr ds vU; dÙkZO;ksa dk Hkh mYys[k feyrk gSA mldsvuqlkj ^xHkZ* ds NBs ekl ds ckn ifr dks ds’kksa dk dVokuk] eSFkqu] rhFkZ&;k=k vkSjJk) dk otZu djuk pkfg,A22 xÆHk.kh L=h dks Ál™k djuk Hkh bl laLdkj dkÁ;kstu gSA bl rjg lheUrks™k;u laLdkj dk m)s’; dsoy L=h dh lkt&laokj ghugha gS vfirq bl laLdkj dk m)s’; xÆHk.kh iRuh dks ;g vuqHko djkuk Hkh gS fd


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51

bl volj ij lkjk ifjokj Hkh mlds lkFk gSA ifr rFkk mlds ifjokj ds O;fämlds LokLF; dk iwjk /;ku j[krs gSaA mls Álo lEcU/kh Hk; ls eqä djrs gSa rFkkxHkZdky ds d”Vksa dks lgus dh lkeF;Z nsrs gSaA vkt ds o`)tu Hkh xÆHk.kh dkslkrosa eghus esa vR;f/kd lko/kku jgus dk vkns’k nsrs gSa rFkk ;g Hkh Ásj.kk nsrsgSa fd ifr dks xHkZdky esa viuh iRuh dk fo’ks”k /;ku j[kuk pkfg,A

4- tkrdeZ laLdkj %tkrdeZ laLdkj %tkrdeZ laLdkj %tkrdeZ laLdkj %tkrdeZ laLdkj %;kKoYD; us crk;k gS fd Álo gks tkus ij gh tkrdeZ laLdkj lEi™k fd;k tkrkgSA23 euq ds vuqlkj ukfHk&Nsnu ds igys tkrdeZ fd;k tkrk FkkA24 bl laLdkjesa dqN ÁkFkZuk,a eU=ksa }kjk dh tkrh gSa ftuesa iq= ds es/kkoh] ‘kfälEi™k rFkk ‘krk;qgksus dh dkeuk dh tkrh gSA vUr esa firk f’k’kq dks viuh vkRek dk va’k rFkk ân;dk VqdM+k ?kksf”kr djrk gSA bu lc —R;ksa lfgr tkrdeZ djus ds ckn ekrk rFkk iq=dks nl fnu rd Álwfr x`g esa gh jguk gksrk gSA tkrdeZ esa ,sls —R; fd;s tkrs Fks]ftuls ekrk rFkk uotkr f’k’kq dk loZfo/k dY;k.k gksA f’k’kq ds tUe ls nqX/kiku rdnsorkvksa dk iwtu ,oa Lej.k blfy, fd;k tkrk Fkk rkfd f’k’kq dks tUe nsus okyhekrk lqjf{kr :i ls Álo dk;Z dj lds rFkk f’k’kq dks ikyus dk lkeF;Z ÁkIr djldsA f’k’kq ds tUe&fnol dh okÆ”kd&frfFk ij mRlo dj nku nsus dk ÁpyuLe`f)’kkyh yksxksa ds chp ijorÊ ;qx esa gqvkA25 vkt Hkh bl ijEijk dkifjikyu lekt esa O;oâr gksrk gSA

5- ukedj.k laLdkj %ukedj.k laLdkj %ukedj.k laLdkj %ukedj.k laLdkj %ukedj.k laLdkj %Hkkjr esa uke dk vR;f/kd egÙo jgk gSA euq dk dguk gS fd nlosa ;k ckjgosa fnu‘kqHk&frfFk] u{k= rFkk eqgwrZ esa ukedj.k&laLdkj dk fof/k&fo/kku djuk pkfg,A26

ukedj.k laLdkj Á’kaluh; gS D;ksafd euq”; vius uke ds vk/kkj ij gh ;’k ÁkIrdjrk gSA ukedj.k dh ijEijk vR;Ur Ákphu gSA uotkr f’k’kq ds ukedj.k dsfo”k; esa lcls igys mYys[k ‘kriFk czkã.k esa feyrk gSA27 d.kZfÁ;] lqUnj rFkk‘kksHku uke vPNs ekus x, gSaA egkiq#”kksa rFkk nsorkvksa ds uke ij Hkh cPpksa ds ukej[k ldrs gSaA nso&uke] u{k= uke] ekl&uke rFkk O;kogkfjd uke f’k’kq dks Ánkufd, tkrs FksA28 /keZ’kkL=dkjksa ds vuqlkj ek¡ viuh xksn esa f’k’kq dks j[kdj viusifr ds nkfgus cSBrh gSA vU; yksxksa ds er ls ek¡ gh xqãuke nsrh gS rFkk /kku dhHkw¡lh dkals ds ik= esa fNM+d dj lksus dh ys[kuh esa ^Jhx.ks’kk;ue%* fy[kus ds cknf’k’kq ds pkj uke fy[krh gS] tSls& dqy&nsork] ekl&uke] O;kogkfjd uke rFkk u{k=ukeA blls ekrk }kjk ukedj.k djus dh lwpuk feyrh gSA29

6- fu”Øe.k laLdkj %fu”Øe.k laLdkj %fu”Øe.k laLdkj %fu”Øe.k laLdkj %fu”Øe.k laLdkj %tUe ds ckn ÁFke ckj f’k’kq dks ?kj ls ckgj fudkyus dks fu”Øe.k dgk tkrk


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52

FkkA fu”Øe.k&laLdkj lEi™k gksus ds ckn gh cPps dks ckgj ‘kq)ok;q esa yk;ktkrk gSA ;g laLdkj tUe ds pkSFks ekl esa gksrk gSA30 ‘kqHk&frfFk dks f’k’kqiwtu&ikB ds i’pkr~ x`g ds ckgj Á—fr ds [kqys okrkoj.k esa yk;k tkrk gSAcPps dks ek¡ dh xksn esa j[kdj lcls igys mls lw;Z dk n’kZu djk;k tkrk gSAblds ckn firk mls Lo;a ysdj lw;Z&n’kZu djkrk gSA dHkh&dHkh rks rhljs eghusesa lw;Z dk n’kZu rFkk pkSFks eghus esa pUæ dk n’kZu djk;k tkrk gSA31 lw;Z dksgh vkfnR; dgrs gSa blfy, lw;Z dh gh Á/kkurk gksus ds dkj.k bl laLdkj dksvkfnR;&n’kZu Hkh dgrs gSaA

7- v™kÁk’ku laLdkj %v™kÁk’ku laLdkj %v™kÁk’ku laLdkj %v™kÁk’ku laLdkj %v™kÁk’ku laLdkj %;kKoYD; ds vuqlkj bl laLdkj dks NBs ekl ds fdlh lkseokj ;k ‘kqØokj dksdjuk pkfg,] ;s nksuksa fnu gh bl laLdkj ds fy, ‘kqHk gksrs gSaA32 vk;qosZn dsvuqlkj y?kq rFkk fgrdj vkgkj N% ekg ds f’k’kq dks fn;k tkuk pkfg,A33 f’k’kqdh ‘kjhj o`f) ds fy, ikSf”Vd vkgkj dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA ek¡ ds }kjk feyusokys nw/k ls mldh iwjh r`fIr u gksus ds dkj.k rFkk ek¡ ds ‘kjhj dks LoLFk j[kusdh Hkkouk ds lkFk gh bl laLdkj dk mn; gqvk gSA vkpk;Z euq us Hkh NBs ekl esav™kÁk’ku laLdkj dk fo/kku fd;k gSA34 tc f’k’kq dks v™kÁk’ku djk;k tkrk gSrc dqN /kkÆed vuq”Bku gksuk Hkh vfr vko’;d gSA ÁkjEHk esa f’k’kq dks pkoy]ngh] e/kq rFkk ?kh dk fefJr Hkkstu djk;k tkrk gSA Hkkstu dk xzkl nsrs le; ^Hkq%Hkqo% Lo%* dk mPpkj.k firk djrk gSA bl laLdkj esa ckyd dks pkanh ds crZu esapkoy ;k lwth dh [khj rFkk xaxkty vkfn ls fefJr v™k rS;kj djds f’k’kq dksf[kykuk pkfg,A vr,o f’k’kq dks rstkso/kZd] cyo/kZd Hkkstu nsus dk mís’; ghv™kÁk’ku laLdkj gSA

8½ pwM+kdeZ&laLdkj %pwM+kdeZ&laLdkj %pwM+kdeZ&laLdkj %pwM+kdeZ&laLdkj %pwM+kdeZ&laLdkj %ÁFke ckj tc f’k’kq ds flj ds cky mrkjs tkrs gSa rc ;g pwM+kdeZ laLdkj dgykrkgSA35 bl laLdkj dks eq.Mu laLdkj Hkh dgrs gaSA bl laLdkj esa f’k’kq ds ckyksa dksxhyk djds firk bl laLdkj dks ÁkjEHk djs rFkk ckn esa ukbZ bldks lEikfnr djsAtks cky f’k’kq ds fudyrs gSa mudks vkVs dh yksbZ esa j[kdj lkFk esa xqIr /ku j[kdjfdlh unh] tyk’k; ;k dq,¡ esa folÆtr dj fn;k tkrk gSA f’k’kq ds flj esa gYnhyxkdj Luku djkuk pkfg, rFkk mls u;s oL= /kkj.k djkus pkfg,A mlds cknmldk fryd djuk pkfg,A ukbZ dks J)kuqlkj /ku rFkk v™k ls Hkjs ik= nsuspkfg,A bl rjg bl laLdkj esa flj ds tUe lEcU/kh ckyksa dks dkVdj f’k[kk dscky dks NksM+us ds dkj.k gh bldk uke pwM+kdeZ laLdkj iM+kA f’k[kk ds ckyksa dksblfy, NksM+k tkrk Fkk D;ksafd bl LFkku ij pksV yxus ls vpkud e`R;q gks ldrhgS blfy, f’k[kk j[kuk vR;Ur vko’;d gSA36 fdUrq vktdy bl laLdkj esaf’k[kk j[kus dh ijEijk Ák;% lekIr gks jgh gSA37


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53

9- d.kZos/k laLdkj %d.kZos/k laLdkj %d.kZos/k laLdkj %d.kZos/k laLdkj %d.kZos/k laLdkj %ukedj.k laLdkj ds ckn d.kZos/k laLdkj gksrk FkkA bl laLdkj dk LokLF; dh –f”V ls egÙo rks Fkk fdUrq lkFk gh dku ds Nsn ls dq.My yVdkus dh lqfo/kk dhtkrh FkhA d.kZos/k ls vk¡r dh o`f) #dus dk mYys[k lqJqr us fd;k gSA38 lqJqrds le; esa Lo;a oS|jkt d.kZos/k djrs FksA os ck;sa gkFk ls f’k’kq ds dku dks [khapdjlw;Z dh fdj.k ds Ádk’k ls Ák—frd fNæ dks ns[kdj mlh esa /khjs ls Nsn djrs FksrFkk #bZ ls ml ij rsy yxk nsrs gSaA39

10- fo|kjEHk laLdkj %fo|kjEHk laLdkj %fo|kjEHk laLdkj %fo|kjEHk laLdkj %fo|kjEHk laLdkj %tc ckyd dk efLr”d f’k{kk ikus ;ksX; gks tkrk Fkk rc f’k{kk dk vkjEHk fo|kjEHklaLdkj ds lkFk fd;k tkrk Fkk rFkk ckyd dks v{kj fl[kk;s tkrs FksA fo’okfe=ds vuqlkj fo|kjEHk laLdkj ckyd dh vk;q ds ik¡pos o”kZ esa fd;k tkrk FkkA lw;Ztc mÙkjk;.k esa jgrk Fkk ml le; dksbZ ,d ‘kqHk fnu laLdkj ds fy, fuf’prdj fy;k tkrk FkkA40 ‘kq: esa ckyd dks Luku djk;k tkrk rFkk lqxfU/kr inkFk®±vkSj lqUnj os’k&Hkw”kk ls mls ltk;k tkrk FkkA mlds ckn fouk;d] ljLorh]c`gLifr vkfn nsorkvksa dh iwtk dh tkrh FkhA mlds ckn gkse fd;k tkrk FkkA iwoZfn’kk dh vksj eq[k djds xq: cSBrk Fkk rFkk if’pe dh vksj eq¡g djds cSBs gq,ckyd dk v{kjkEHk djrk FkkA

11- miu;u laLdkj %miu;u laLdkj %miu;u laLdkj %miu;u laLdkj %miu;u laLdkj %miu;u laLdkj og gS tks f’k’kq dks xq: ds lehi ys tkrk gSA vFkoZosn esa bl ‘kCndk Á;ksx czãpkjh dks xzg.k djus ds vFkZ esa fd;k x;k gSA dgus dk vfHkÁk; gS^miu;eku%* vFkkZr~ czãfo|k dh f’k{kk nsus ds fy, xzg.k djukA fo|kFkÊ ckyddks xq: }kjk czã&fo|k dh f’k{kk nsus ds fy, Lohdkj djus dh /kkÆed fof/kgh miu;u laLdkj gSA blh laLdkj ds ckn O;fä czãp;kZJe esa Áos’k djrk gSAokeu f’kojke vkIVs us mi milxZ iwoZd uh /kkrq ls Y;qV ÁR;; yxkdj fu”i™k gksusokys ^miu;u* ‘kCn dk vFkZ fudV ys tkuk] migkj rFkk tusÅ fd;k gSA41 f’k’kqnks ckj tUe ysrk gS] ,d ckj ekrk ls vkSj nwljh ckj vkpk;Z lsA blfy, mlsf}t dgk tkrk gSA dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ekrk cPps dks vius xHkZ esa j[kdjtUe nsrh gS rFkk xq: vius vkJe rFkk ân; esa j[kdj czãfo|koku~ cukdj fQjtUe nsrk gSA

fo|k xzg.k djus ds fy, ftl rjg ds okrkoj.k dh vko’;drk gksrh gSog okrkoj.k fo|kFkÊ dks xq: dh lR;fu”Bk ls ;qä rikse; N=Nk;k esa gh feyldrk gSA bl rjg ekrk&firk viuh lUrku ds mTtoy Hkfo”; dh dkeuk djrsgq, xq:dqy Hkst nsrs Fks rkfd mudh lUrfr iwjk le; v/;;u] xq: lsok vkfn esa


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54

O;rhr djsA ;g laLdkj czãp;Z vkJe esa Áos’k ds mís’; ls fd;k tkrk FkkA42

12- osnkjEHk laLdkj %osnkjEHk laLdkj %osnkjEHk laLdkj %osnkjEHk laLdkj %osnkjEHk laLdkj %miu;u laLdkj ds ckn osnkjEHk laLdkj dks lEi™k djus ds fy, dksbZ ‘kqHk fnufuf’pr fd;k tkrk FkkA ‘kq: esa ekrìwtk rFkk vU; vko’;d dk;Z fd;s tkrs FksArc xq: vfXu dh Áfr”Bk djrk rFkk fo|kFkÊ dks vkefU=r dj mls vfXu dsif’pe esa cSBkrk FkkA mlds ckn lk/kkj.k vkgqfr;k¡ nh tkrh FkhaA vxj _XosnvkjEHk djuk gksrk Fkk rks ?k`r dh nks vkgqfr;k¡ vfXu rFkk i`Foh dks nh tkrh FkhaA;fn ;tqosZn dh ‘kq#vkr djuh gksrh Fkh rks vUrfj{k rFkk ok;q dks vkgqfr;k¡ nhtkrh FkhaA ;fn lkeosn vkjEHk djuk gks rks |kS rFkk lw;Z dks vkgqfr;k¡ nh tkrh FkharFkk ;fn vFkoZosn vkjEHk djuk gksrk Fkk rks fn’kkvksa rFkk pUæ dks vkgqfr;k¡ nhtkrh FkhaA blds vfrfjä ;fn ,d lkFk lkjs osn ‘kq: djus gksa rks lkjh vkgqfr;k¡,d lkFk bdV~Bh nh tkrh FkhaA blds vfrfjä ckdh lHkh nsorkvksa ds fy, gksefd, tkrs FksA bl rjg vkpk;Z ckyd dks ozr dk ikyu djus dk vkns’k nsrs FksAmu fu;eksa dk ;Fkkfof/k ikyu djuk ckyd dk vko’;d dÙkZO; gksrk FkkA

13- ds’kkUr laLdkj %ds’kkUr laLdkj %ds’kkUr laLdkj %ds’kkUr laLdkj %ds’kkUr laLdkj %ds’kkUr laLdkj dks xksnku laLdkj Hkh dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd bl volj ij xq: dksxks dk nku fd;k tkrk FkkA dqN yksx pwM+kdj.k ds lkFk Hkh bl laLdkj dkslEikfnr dj nsrs gSaA ;kKoYD; us ds’kkUr laLdkj esa czkã.kksa ds fy, xHkkZ/kku lslksygoka o”kZ ekuk gS fdUrq czãp;Z dh vof/k pkgs fdruh gh gks] ds’kkUr 16osa o”kZesa gh gks tkuk pkfg,A43 bl laLdkj ds vUr esa O;fä dks ekSuozr dk ikyu rFkk,d o”kZ i;ZUr dBksj vuq’kkflr thou O;rhr djuk gksrk FkkA

14- lekorZu laLdkj %lekorZu laLdkj %lekorZu laLdkj %lekorZu laLdkj %lekorZu laLdkj %lekorZu laLdkj le~ rFkk vk milxZiwoZd o`r /kkrq ls Y;qV~ ÁR;; yxkdj fu”i™kgqvk gSA bl ‘kCn dk vFkZ gS& osnkH;kl ds ckn O;fä dk ?kj ykSVukA44 ;kKoYD;ds erkuqlkj xq: ls vkKk ik;k gqvk f}t Luku djds ?kj ykSV ldrk gS rFkkvius x`álw= ds fu;eksa ds vuqlkj fdlh dU;k ls fookg dj ldrk gSA45 bllaLdkj esa Luku dk cM+k egÙo gSA blh ds vk/kkj ij lekoÙkZu esa nhf{kr iq#”k dksLukrd dgk tkrk gSA vxj dksbZ f’k”; xq:nf{k.kk nsus esa vleFkZ gks tkrk Fkk rcxq: mldks vk’oklu nsrs Fks fd mUgsa /ku dh vis{kk ugha gSaA og mlds xq.kksa lsgh lUrq”V gSaA46 laLdkj ds vUr esa Lukrd dks e/kqidZ nsus dk Hkh fo/kku FkkAlekorZu laLdkj ds ckn Lukrd dks ngh vkSj ‘kgn ds feJ.k ls cuk gqvk e/kqidZf[kykdj mldk lEeku djuk pkfg,A


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55

15- fookg laLdkj %fookg laLdkj %fookg laLdkj %fookg laLdkj %fookg laLdkj %fookg ‘kCn dh O;qRifÙk fo milxZ iwoZd ogu djuk vFkZ okyh og~ /kkrq ds /k ~ÁR;; yxkdj gqbZ gS ftldk vFkZ gS& fof’k”V Ádkj ls ogu djukA fookg dk fgUnwlkekftd laLFkkvksa esa cgqr egÙoiw.kZ LFkku gSA x`gLFk thou dk vkjEHk fookg lsgh ekuk x;k gSA /kkÆed psruk dk fodkl gksus ij fookg ek= lkekftdvko’;drk gh u jgk vfirq og ÁR;sd O;fä dk ,d vko’;d /kkÆed& dÙkZO;le>k tkus yxkA47 ;kKoYD; ds erkuqlkj /keZ dk ikyu] iq=&ÁkfIr rFkkjfr&lq[k fookg ds eq[; mís’; gSaA48

16½ vUR;sf”V laLdkj %vUR;sf”V laLdkj %vUR;sf”V laLdkj %vUR;sf”V laLdkj %vUR;sf”V laLdkj %ekuo thou dk vfUre laLdkj vUR;sf”V gSA ;g laLdkj erd dh vkRek dh ‘kkfUr dsfy, fd;k tkrk gSA ;tqosZn dk v/;;u djus ls irk pyrk gS fd ‘ko dk vfXulaLdkj fdlh u fdlh :i esa oSfnd dky ls gh pyk vk jgk gSA49 ckS/kk;u dserkuqlkj tUe ds ckn ds laLdkjksa }kjk O;fä bl yksd dks thrrk gS rFkk vUR;sf”V ds}kjk LoxZ dks thrrk gSA50 ‘ke’kku esa erd ds ‘ko&nkg ds lkFk vUR;sf”V&fØ;k eU=ksa}kjk lEi™k dh tkrh FkhA erd dh vkRek dks ‘kkfUr Ánku djus ds fy, Jk)deZ fd;ktkrk gSA51 Jk) ds le; czkã.kksa dks vknj rFkk lEekuiwoZd Hkkstu djk dj nku rFkknf{k.kk nsdj rIr fd;k tkrk gSA blls erd dh vkRek dks ‘kkfUr feyrh gSA

lanHkZ ladsrlanHkZ ladsrlanHkZ ladsrlanHkZ ladsrlanHkZ ladsr1½ Áks{k.kkfntU;laLdkjks ;Kk³~xiqjksMk’ksf”ofr æO; /ke±%A

okpLiR; o`gnfHk/kku] 5] i`0 51882½ LukukpeukfntU;k% laLdkjk nsgs mRi|ekukfu rnfHk/kkukfu thos dYI;UrsA

okpLiR; o`gnfHk/kku] 5] i`0 51883½ fulxZlaLdkjfouhr bR;lkS uìs.k pØs ;qojkt’kCnHkkd~A j?kqoa’k → 3] 354½ laLdkjoR;so fxjk euh”kh r;k l iwr’p foHkwf”kr’pA dqekjlEHko → 1@285½ Á;qälaLdkj bokf/kda cHkkSA j?kqoa’k & 3] 16½ LoHkkolqUnja oLrq u laLdkjeis{krs] ‘kkdqUry] 7] 337½ ;™kos Hkktus yXu% laLdkjks ukU;Fkk Hkosr~A fgrksins’k → 1&88½ laLdkjtU;a Kkua Le`fr → rdZlaxzgA9½ jktcyh ik.Ms;] fgUnw&laLdkj] i`0 35110½ xHkZ% la/kk;Zrs ;su deZ.kk rn~ xHkkZ/kkufeR;uqxrkFk± deZuke/ks;e~ ! iwoZehekalk] v/

;k;A ikn 4] vf/k0 → 211½ fuf”käks ;RÁ;ksxs.k xHkZ% la/kk;Zrs fL=;kA

rn~ xHkkZyEHkua uke deZ Ákä euhf”kfHk%AA oh0fe0 la0 esa mn/k`rA12½ vFkoZosn → 5@25@23] 513½ czã{kf=;foV~’kwæk o.kkZLRok|kL=;ks f}tk%A

fu”ksdk|k% ‘e’kkukUrkLrs”kk a oS eU=r% fØ;k%AA


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56

xHkkZ/kkue`rkS iq al% loua LiUnukRiqjkAA ;kK0 Le`fr 1@10&11 dk iwok)Z14½ ;fn fg L=h u jksprs ia qekla u Áeksn;sr~A

vÁeksnkRiqu% ia ql% Átua u ÁorZrsAA euqLe`fr → 3&6115½ “kksM’krq Zfu’kk% L=h.kka rfLeU;qXeklq lafo’ksr~A

czãpk;s Zo iokZ.;k|k’prL=Lrq otZ;sr~AA ;kKoYD; Le`fr → 1&7916½ iqeku~ Álw;rs ;su deZ.kk rr~ iq alouehfjre~A

‘kkSud] ohjfe=ksn; laLdkj& Ádk’k] Hkk0 1 i`0166 ij m)`r17½ iq aekala iq=a tu; ra iqekuuq tk;rke~A

Hkokfl iq=k.kka ekrk tkrkuka tu;kÜp ;ku~AA v0 os0 3- 23- 318½ iq al% loua LiUnukRiqjkA ;kK0 Le`0 → 1&1119½ lheUr m™kh;rs ;fLeu~ deZf.k rr~ lheUrks™k;ufefr deZuke/kse~A

oh0fHk0la0Hkk0 1] i`0 17220½ “k”Vs·”VHks ok lheUr%A ;kKoYD; Le`fr] 1@1121½ nkSânL;kÁnkusu xHkks Znks”keokIuq;kr~A

oS:I;a fu/kua ok·fi rLekr~ dk;Z fÁ;a fL=;%AA ;kKoYD; Le`fr → 3@7922½ oiua eSFkqua rhFk± otZ;sn~ xÆHk.khifr%A

Jk)´~p lIrekUeklknw/o± pkU;= osnfor~AAvk’oyk;u] gfjgj }kjk ik0x`0lw0 15 ij m)`rAA

23½ ÁlostkrdEeZ pA ;kKoYD; Le`fr → 1&1124½ Ák³~ukfHko/kZukRiq alks tkrdeZ fo/kh;rsA

eU=oRÁk’kua pkL; fgj.;e/kqlÆi”kke~AA euq0 Le`0 → 2&425½ egkHkkjr] vkfniqjk.k → 213@6226½ uke/ks;a n’kE;ka rq }kn’;ka ok·L; dkj;sr~A

iq.;s frFkkS eqgwrs Z ok u{k=s ok xq.kkfUorsAA euqLe`fr → 2&527½ rLekRiq=L; tkrL; uke dq;kZr~A ‘kriFk czkã.k28½ laLdkj Ádk’k → i`0 la0 322A29½ ih0oh0 dk.ks] /keZ’kkL= dk bfrgkl] Hkkx&1] i`0 20130½ prqFks Z ekl fu”Øe% ;kKoYD; Le`fr → 1@1231½ dk0 x`0 lw0 → 37&3832½ “k”Bs·™kÁk’kue~A ;kKoYD; Le`fr → 1&1233½ “k.ekla pSre™ka Ák’k;soYy?kqlafgrapA lqJqr ‘kjhjd LFkku → 10@6434½ “k”Bs·™kÁk’kua ekfl ;}s”Va eaxya dqysA euqLe`fr → 2@35 mÙkjk/kZ35½ egkHkk”;] 2] i`0 262( laLdkj Ádk’k i`0 295A36½ eLrdkH;Urjksifj”Vkr~ f’kjklEcfU/klf™kikrks

jksekorks Z·f/kifrLr=kfi l;ks ej.ke~A ‘kjhjLFkku] v/;k; 6@8337½ MkW0 fdj.k V.Mu( Hkkjrh; laL—fr → i`0 75] 7638½ j{kkHkw”k.kfufeÙka ckyL; d.kkS Z fo/;sr~A lqJqrlafgrk ‘kjhjLFkku → 16@939½ lw=LFkku → 16@140½ mnXxrs HkkLofrA ofl”B41½ laL—r fgUnh dks’k → i`0 la0 20642½ MkW0 fdj.k V.Mu % Hkkjrh; laL—fr i`0 la → 21843½ Áfrosna czãp;Z }kn’kkCnkfu iap okA


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57

xzg.kkfUrdfeR;sds ds’kkUr’pSo “kksM’ksAA ;kKoYD; Le`fr → 1&3644½ okeu f’kojke vkIVs( laL—r&fgUnh&dks’k → i`0 la0 → 107845½ xqjos rq oja nÙkok Luk;k}k rnuqK;kA

osna ozrkfu ok ikja uhRok áqHk;eso okAA ;kKoYD; Le`fr → 1&5146½ vyeFks Zu es oRlRon~xq.kSfjLe rksf”kr%A ohjfe=k sn;] laLdkjÁdk’k i `0

la0&56547½ euqtkLr= tk;Urs ;rks ckx`g/kÆe.k%A

rL; dqrq ZÆu;ksxsu lalkjks ;su cÆ/kr%AA eRL;iqjk.k → 154&152&5348½ ;kK0 Le` → 1@78] 8949½ HkLekUr ‘kjhje~A ;tqos Zn] 40osa v/;k; esaA50½ ckS0 x`0 lw0 → 1@4351½ vk0 x`0 lw0 lw0 → 3&10&27] 28


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58

Le`fr;ksa esaLe`fr;ksa esaLe`fr;ksa esaLe`fr;ksa esaLe`fr;ksa esa nk'kZfud fpUru nk'kZfud fpUru nk'kZfud fpUru nk'kZfud fpUru nk'kZfud fpUru

bUnz thrbUnz thrbUnz thrbUnz thrbUnz thr'kks/k Nk=

egf"kZ ;kKoYD; Le`fr] Hkkjrh; laLÏfr] èkeZ ,oa n'kZu dh lqUnj nk'kZfud fopkjèkkjkls vksrçksr gSA blesa thokRek dh mRifÙk] Lo:i xUrO; txr~ dk Lo:i vkSj bldk txr~ds lkFk Le`frijd lacaèk dh O;k[;k dh xbZ gS] ogha blesa deZ vkSj iqutZUe] eks{k vkSjnso;ku] fir`;ku ds lkFk&lkFk vU; nk'kZfud rÙoksa ij foospu Hkh çkIr gksrk gSA

;kKoYD; Le`fr ds çk;f'pr vè;k; dk ;fr&èkeZçdj.k v}Sroknh fopkjksa dk çfriknu djrk gSA ftlesa çeq[k nk'kZfud fopkjksa ds

rÙo mYys[kuh; gSA

;kKoYD; Le`fr esa czã ;k vkRek dks ewy rÙo Lohdkj fd;k x;k gSA ;gka czã,oa vkRek 'kCn dk lekukFkZd ç;ksx gSA og bl dFku ls çekf.kr gS fd tgka ,d vksj czãls vusd thokRek dh mRifÙk crkbZ xbZ gS ogha ;g Hkh dgk x;k gS fd vkRek gh vusd'kjhj èkkj.k djrh gSA bl vkRek ls gh lEiw.kZ txr~ mRiUu gSA vkRek lexz bdkbZ gS] fdUrq;g vKku ds dkj.k ;k lef"V&O;f"V Hksn ds dkj.k vusd çrhr gksrk gS] Bhd oSls gh tSlsvkdk'k ,d gh gS fdUrq ?kV vkfn ik=ksa esa i`Fko~G&i`Fko~G vusd çrhr gksrk gS ,oa ftl çdkjlw;Z ,d gksrk gqvk Hkh fHkUu&fHkUu tyk'k;ksa esa vusd çrhr gksrk gSA11111

o`gnkj.;d esa Hkh vkRek dks lexz ekuk x;k gS rFkk vfo|k ds dkj.k bls ukuk:ikRed Hkh Lohdkj fd;k x;k gSA ;g vkRek gh mikfèk Hksn ls ukukfoèk çrhr gksrk gS rFkk;g vkRek gh czã gSA blls fHkUu fdlh lÙkk dh ifjdYiuk Hkh ugha dh tk ldrh gSA22222

;kKoYD; Le`fr esa vkRek dh flf¼ ds fy, çek.k fn, x, gSaA33333 vkRek lR; gS ;fn mldkvfLrRo ugha jgrk rks vrhr dky ds vuqHko dh Le`fr ugha gks ikrh rFkk LoIu dk KkudkSu djrkA tkfr] :i] vk;q] o`Ùk] fo|k dk vgadkj dkSu djrk rFkk Hkksxksa ds Hkksx dsfy, m|ksx dkSu djrk\ ;g vkRek ok.kh] cqf¼ vkfn ls fHkUu rÙo gSaA ;kKoYD; Le`fr esavkRek ds Lo;a çdk'k] Lo:irk ,oa Loçek.k dk mYys[k ugha feyrkA ;gka ykSfddfØ;k;ksa] LoIu vkfn ds ekè;e ls gh vkRek ds vfLrRo dks fl¼ djus dk ç;kl fd;kx;k gS tcfd o`gnkj.;d ds ;kKoYD; bls Lo;a&çek.k Lo;a T;ksfr Lohdkj djrs gSaA44444

vkRek gh vKku ds dkj.k vusd :i esa çrhr gksrk gSA ;g fufeÙk gS] vfouk'kh gS]dÙkkZ gS] Kkrk gS] czã :i gS] Lora= gS rFkk vtUek gS] fdUrq 'kjhj èkkj.k djus ij ;g dgktkrk gS fd vkRek dk tUe gqvkA l`f"V ds vkjEHk esa ijekRek vkdk'k vkfn iap&rÙoksa dh


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59

jpuk djrk gS vkSj thou cudj mu lcdksa èkkj.k djrk gSA tho dh mRifÙk ds lUnHkZ esaLe`fr esa ;K }kjk tho dh l`f"V dk fo'ks"k mYys[k feyrk gSA ;kKoYD;&Le`fr ds vuqlkj;teku dh vkgqfr;ksa ls lw;Z iq"V gksrs gSaA lw;Z ls o`f"V gksrh gS vkSj o`f"V ls vkS"kfèk;kamRiUu gksrh gSa vkSj vUu Hkh gksrs gSaA vUu [kkus ls oh;Z curk gS rFkk L=h vkSj iq#"k dsla;ksx ls oh;Z vkSj jt ds feydj 'kq¼ gksus ij iaprÙoksa dks vkRek Lo;a gh ,d lkFk xzg.kdjrk gSA bl ckr dk Bhd blh çdkj mYys[k euqLe`fr esa Hkh feyrk gSA55555 o`gnkj.;d dsiapkfXu&fo|k çdj.k esa ;K ls LFkwy 'kjhj (tho) dh mRifÙk dk foLrkj ls çfriknu fd;kx;k gSA blds vfrfjDr czã ds vaxHkwr ls Hkh thokRek dh mRifÙk crkbZ xbZ gSA czã dseq[k] ckgq] m: vkSj iSj ls pkjksa o.kks± dh mRifÙk ;kKoYD;&Le`fr esa crkbZ xbZ gSA czã dsukfldk ds çk.k] Jks= ls fn'kk,a] Li'kZ ls ok;q] eq[k ls vfXu] eu ls pUæek] us=ksa ls â;Z]tka?kksa ls vUrfj{k ,oa pj vkSj vpj txr~ dh mRifÙk dk Hkh mYys[k gSA66666 bldk mYys[k½Xosn ds iq#"k lwDr esa Hkh feyrk gSA tho lq[k&nq%[k Dys'kkfn dk vuqHko djus okykdÙkkZ rFkk QyHkksDrk gSA ;g tUe&tUekarj iq.;] iki] LoxZ&ujd vkfn dk Hkkxh gksrk gSA77777

txr~ og LFkyh gS tgka tho deZ djrk gS rFkk vius deks± ds vuq:i iq.;] iki]LoxZ] udZ vkfn dk vfèkdkjh curk gSA vkRek ls txr~ dh mRifÙk crkbZ xbZ gSA vkdk'k]ok;q] vfXu] ty vkSj i`Foh ls tM+ txr~ dh jpuk gksrh gSA tM+ 'kjhj dh jpuk esa Hkh ;ghrÙo fo|eku gSA vkRek lfgr bu rÙoksa ds leqnk; ls pj vkSj vpj lalkj dh mRifÙk gksrhgSA ;kKoYD; Le`fr esa bls ,d miek }kjk le>k;k x;k gSA ftl çdkj dqEHkdkj] feV~Vh]n.M vkSj pØ ds la;ksx ls ?kM+k cuk nsrk gS] ?kj cukus okyk tSls feV~Vh vkSj ydM+h ls ?kjcuk nsrk gSA Lo.kZdkj lksus ls ukukfoèk vkHkw"k.k cuk nsrk gS] ftl çdkj edM+h vius ykjls viuk tkyk cuk Mkyrh gS] mlh çdkj vkRek fHkUu&fHkUu ;ksfu;ksa esa fHkUu&fHkUu 'kjhj ds:i esa viuk çdVhdj.k djkrh gSA88888 vkRek vukfn gS] mldk 'kjhj ls ;qDr gksuk gh tUexzg.k dgk x;k gSA vkRek ls gh i`Foh vkfn lEiw.kZ txr~ dh mRifÙk gksrh gS vkSj i`Foh vkfnçiap ls vkRek LFkwy 'kjhj esa mRiUu gksrh gSA txr~ ifjorZu'khy] fodkjh gS rFkk bldk y;gksus ij ;g vkRek esa gh foyhu gks tkrk gSA vfXu vkSj fpaxkjh edM+h vkSj mlds tky dsmnkgj.k }kjk o`gnkj.;d esa l`f"V dh mRifÙk dks crk;k x;k gSA99999

ekspukFkZd vFkZ esa eqp èkkrq ls eqfDr curk gS ftldk 'kkfCnd&vFkZ NqVdkjk ikukgSA lkalkfjd&Dys'k] vfo|k ,oa Hkksxksa ls vKku jfgr] bfUæ;ftr] jkx}s"kkfn jfgr voLFkkgSA ;g lfPpnkuUn dh voLFkk gSA1010101010 bl voLFkk dks tkus ls eqDr gks tkrk gSA bl voLFkkdks vkRe Kku ;k vkRe lk{kkRdkj dh voLFkk dgk tkrk gSA eqDr iq#"k vkIr dke]vkRek jke gksrk gSA og O;f"V esa lef"V vkSj lef"V esa O;f"V dk n'kZu djrk gSA mldsfy, vkdk'k ls d.ki;ZUr esa ,d gh rÙo dk Kku gksrk gSA blh voLFkk dks çkIr djuktho dk y{; gSA


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60

lkè; dh iqf"V lkèku ds fcuk lEHko ugha gSA vKkuh tho rc rd eqfDr ugha ikldrk tc rd eqfDr ds fy, vko';d lkèkuksa ij vkpj.k ugha djrkA ;kKoYD; Le`frds nk'kZfud&fopkjksa dk eq[;&çfrik| tho dks mlds okLrfod Lo:i dk cksèk djuk gSAeqfDr ds fy, ;kKoYD;&Le`fr esa fuEufyf[kr mik; crk, x, gSa %&

deZ vÏr] foÏr vkSj lqÏr gksrs gSaA ;s lHkh Qy çnku djus okys gksrs gSa vkSjbudk Qy LoxZ&ujd vkfn dh çkfIr gksrh gSA tc rd dkE; deks± dk uk'k ugha gksxk rcrd tho dk lalkj pØ esa vkokxeu gksrk jgsxkA1111111111 ;kKoYD; Le`fr Li"V :i ls bl ckrij cy nsrh gS fd (;K] nku vkfn u dj ldus ij) lHkh dkE; ,oa fuf"k¼ deks± dk R;kxdjds osnkH;kl vkSj fo'kq¼ vkpj.k ds }kjk eqfDr çkIr gks ldrh gSA vius Hkk";ksa esavkpk;Z 'kadj us bl ckr ij fo'ks"k :i ls çdk'k Mkyk gS fd tc rd dkE; deks± dkR;kx ugha gksxk] deZ Qy ls fuo`fÙk ugha gksxh rc rd Hko&pØ esa vkokxeu lekIr ughagksxk vkSj Dys'kkfn ihNk ugha NksM+saxsA1212121212 vr% bu lc ds ewy esa fLFkr dkE; ,oa fuf"k¼ deks±dk ifjR;kx djus ij gh eks{k dh çkfIr lEHko

;kKoYD; Le`fr esa mikluk dh Hkh eks{k esa lgk;d ekuk x;k gSA ;g mikluk vUr%mikluk ;k vkReksikluk gSA blds vUrxZr ân; esa fLFkr ijekRek dks èkkj.kk] è;ku vkfn}kjk èkkj.k djus dh ckr dgh xbZ gSA1313131313 tc cká fo"k;ksa ls fojDr eu dks vUreqZ[kh djdsmikluk dh tkrh gS rks nhid ds leku çdk'koku~ vkRek dk lk{kkRdkj gksrk gSA mifu"knksaesa Hkh cká oLrq ls fojfgr jgus ,oa vkRe'kqf¼ ds ç;kstu ls eqfDr esa mikluk dks LFkkufn;k x;k gSA1414141414 vkRe'kqf¼ ds ckn gh vkè;kfRed ifjos'k esa psruk dsfUær gks ldrh gSA1515151515

vr% mikluk eqfDr ds fy, vko';d gSA

;ksx esa vklu] çk.kk;ke] çR;kgkj] è;ku vkSj lekfèk vkfn rÙo vkrs gSaA ;kKoYD;Le`fr esa dgk x;k gS fd in~eklu yxkdj] ck,a gkFk eas nkfgus gkFk dks j[kdj eq[k dks dqNÅij mBkdj vkSj o{k LFky ls 'okl jksddj vka[kksa dks candj dke] Øksèk vkfn dks R;kxdjds nkarksa dks fcuk feyk, gq,] rkyq LFkku esa ftàk dks fu'py j[kdj eq[k can djdsvR;Ur fu'py gksdj bfUæ;ksa dks fo"k;ksa ls iw.kZr;k gVkdj rFkk u vfèkd uhps u vfèkdÅaps vklu ij cSBdj nqxquk ;k frxquk çk.kk;ke djus dk vH;kl djsaA rnqijkar ân; esafu'py&nhi ds leku fLFkr çHkq dk è;ku djuk pkfg, vkSj rc èkkj.kk djrs gq, ml ân;esa vkRek dks èkkj.k djsaA blls ;ksx dh flf¼ gksrh gSA ;ksx dh flf¼ dks y{k.k crykrs gq,;kKoYD; Le`fr esa dgk x;k gS fd vUrè;kZu gksuk] Le`fr] n`f"V viuk 'kjhj NksM+dj nwljs'kjhj esa ços'k viuh bPNk ds vuqlkj oLrqvksa dh l`f"V µ ;s lHkh ;ksx dh flf¼ ds y{k.kgSaA ;ksx dh flf¼ gks tkus ij 'kjhj dk ifjR;kx djds ;ksxh czãRo çkfIr esa leFkZ gksrkgSA1616161616 bl çdkj ;kKoYD; ;ksx ij fo'ks"k cy nsrs gSaA

lHkh fØ;kvksa ls fojr gksdj] Kkufu"B gksdj] riL;k vkSj czãp;Z ls ;qDr gksdj]


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61

dsoy esèkk lEiUu O;fDr eks{k in çkIr djrk gSA mifu"knksa esa Kku dks gh ,dek=vkfèkdkfjd mik; Lohdkj fd;k x;k gSA ;gka Kku vkSj eks{k dks ,dkFkZd Lohdkj fd;kx;k gSA ;kKoYD; Le`fr eqfDr gsrq Kku ij cy nsrh gSA eqfDr vKku jfgr iw.kZ Kku dhvoLFkk gSA Kku ds gsrq dk mYys[k djrs gq, ;kKoYD; Le`fr eas dgk x;k gS fd osn lEeropu] ;K] czãp;Z] ri] nku] J¼k] fo"k;klfDr ds nks"k dks uk'k gksus ij è;ku vkSj èkkj.kkvkfn Kku esa gsrq gSaA ;g vkRe Kku Jo.k] euu] fufnè;klu }kjk çkIr gksrk gS vkSj vkRekgh Jo.k euukfn dk fo"k; gSA1717171717

o`gnkj.;dksifu"kn~ ,oa NkUnksX; esa mfYyf[kr thokRek ds nks ;kuksa dh ppkZ;kKoYD; Le`fr esa feyrh gSA tks O;fDr LekrZ deks± esa rRij jgrs gSa os vgadkj jfgrgksdj vkRek ds vkB xq.kksa ls ;qDr vkSj lR;oknh gksrs gSaA

os nsoyksd dks tkrs gSaA nsorkvksa ds ekxZ vkSj vxLR; ds chp firjksa dk ekxZ gSAbl ekxZ dh bPNk dks ysdj vfXugks= djus okys LoxZ esa igqaprs gSaA fir`;ku esa vV~Bklhgt+kj x`gLFk eqfu fuokl djrs gSaA tks iqu% iqu% osn dk mins'k djus ls èkeZ :ih o`{k dhmRifÙk ds fufeÙk cht ds leku gksrs gSaA1818181818 mifu"knksa esa Hkh ;g crk;k x;k gS fd tks O;fDrfirjksa dks rq"V djus dh bPNk ls ;Knku] fi.Mnku bR;kfn djrs gSa os fir`;ku dks çkIrdjrs gSa vkSj iq.; 'ks"k jgus rd ogka fuokl djrs gSa rFkk iq.;&lekfIr ds mijkar blh yksdesa iqu% vkrs gSaA1919191919 tks yksx fu"dke Hkko ls lef"V ladYi rFkk ;K vkfn deZ djrs gSa osnsoyksd tkrs gSa tgka ls os czãyksd pys tkrs gSaA yksdksa esa fir`yksd dh vis{kk nsoyksdJs"B gS vkSj czãyksd ije Js"B gSA ;gka igqapus ij tho dk iqujkxeu ugha gksrkA deks± dsvuqlkj gh thokRek dk fir`yksd] nsoyksd xeu gksrk gSA deZ Qy ds {k; gksus ij ogczãhHkwr gks tkrk gSA eks{k in çkIr dj ysrk gSA

ek= vkRek dh mikluk djus okyk vkReKkuh Øe'k% vfXu] fnu] 'kqDy i{k]mÙkjk;.k nsoyksd] lkfor` vkSj rst ds yksd esa tkrs gSa rc bUgsa ekul iq#"k czãyksd esaigqapkrk gS ,sls Kkuh iq#"k dk bl lalkj esa iqu% tUe ugha gksrkA os ijekRek esa foyhu gkstkrs gSaA fdUrq ;K] riL;k vkSj nku ls tks euq"; LoxZ çkIr djrs gSa os èkwe] fu'kk]Ï".ki{k] nf{k.kkok;e~] fir`yksd vkSj pUæyksd ds nsorkvksa eas tk igqaprs gSa vkSj fQj ok;q]ty] i`Foh] vUu vkSj oh;Z Hkko dks çkIr dj Øe'k% bl lalkj esa iqu% tUe ysrs gSa vkSj tksO;fDr nso;ku] fir`;ku bu nksuksa ekxks± dks ugha tkurk mlds fd;s x;s deks± ds vuqlkj oglkai] iraxk] dhM+k vFkok Ïfe dk tUe ikrk gSA2020202020

deks± dk Qy euq"; dks dqN bl yksd esa vkSj dqN ijyksd esa Hkksxuk gh iM+rk gSvkSj Hkksxksijkar deZ laLdkj ds vuq:i mls iqutZUe xzg.k djuk iM+rk gSA bl ckr dkseuqLe`fr vkSj ;kKoYD; Le`fr nksuksa Lohdkj djrh gSaA o`gnkj.;d ,oa NkUnksX; esa HkhthokRek ds dekZuqlkj mlh nso;ku] fir`;ku&xeu rFkk iqu% mldk mÙke ,oa vèke 'kjhjèkkj.k djus dk mlh çdkj mYys[k gS ftl çdkj Le`fr;ksa esa gSA2121212121 xhrk esa Hkh dgk x;k gS fdpkgs uje xeu gks ;k LoxZ çkIr] iq.; ds {kh.k gksus ij euq"; dks bl eR;Zyksd esa 'kjhjèkkj.k djuk iM+rk gSA2222222222 Le`fr;ksa esa bl ckr dk foLrkj ls mYys[k feyrk gS fd dkSu vkSj


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62

fdl çdkj ds deZ djus ls fdu ;ksfu;ksa esa dkSu&dkSu lk 'kjhj èkkj.k djuk iM+rk gSA deZvkSj iqutZUe dk fl¼kUr bl ckr dk mYys[k djrk gS fd 'kjhj&R;kx vkRe R;kx ugha gSA'kjhj ds R;kx ds ckn vkRek Hkh vkRek dk vfLrRo cuk jgrk gSA ;g vkRek vtj&vejgSA lkFk gh bl ckr dk ladsr feyrk gS fd ej.kksijkar vkRek thokRek ds laLdkjksa lsvkosf"Vr gksdj xeu djrk gSA2323232323 vçR;{k :i ls ;g fl¼kUr bldk Hkh mYys[k djrk gSfd tc rd deZ Qyksa ls eqfDr ugha gks tkrh rc rd tho dk vkxeu gksrk gh jgsxkA2424242424

fu"ksèkkRed :i ls ;g fl¼kUr bldk Hkh lans'k nsrk gS fd leLr ç;kl ls deZ&Qyksa lseqfDr ikus ij gh thokRek dh eqfDr laHko gS vkSj rHkh mlds Dys'kkfn dh Hkh fuo`fÙk gksldrh gSA blh fLFkfr dks çkIr djkus dk ;kKoYD; Le`fr] leLr mifu"knksa] xhrk ,oa

czãlw= vkfn dk Hkh y{; gSA2525252525

lanHkZ lwfp

1- ;kKoYD; µ 3@69] 67] 69] 117]&118

2- o`ñ miñ] 2@416] ogha 2] 5] 19] Nkñ miñ 7@25@2

3- ;kKñ] 3@150&151

4- o`ñ miñ] 4@316

5- ;kKñ] 3@69] 72] 120] euqñ 3@76

6- o`ñ miñ] 6@2@9&13] ;kKñ 3@126&28

7- ½ñ] iq#"k lwDr

8- ;kKñ] 3@145] 148

9- o`ñ miñ] 2@1@20

10- ;kKñ 3@62] euqñ] 6@7

11- ;kKñ] 3@204

12- 'osrk'oj miñ lEcUèk Hkk";] i`ñ 2&4

13- ;kKñ] 198&201

14- c`ñ mñ iñ] 1@4@15 l ; vkReueso fç;eqikLrsû

15- vH;kl;ksx ;qDrsu psrlk ukU;xkfeukAijea iq#"ka fnO;a ;kfr ikFkkZuqfpUr;e~û xhrk 8@8


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63

c`ñ miñ 4@2@1] ,l-,u- nkl xqIrk] Hkkjrh; n'kZu dk bfrgkl]Hkkx&2] i`ñ 513

16- ;kKñ] 3@198&203

17- ;kKñ] 3@187&192- vkRek ok vjs n`"VO;% JksrO;kseUrO;ks fuf¼;kflrO;ks eS=s¸;kRefu [kYojs n`"Vs Jqrsers foKku bna lo± fofnre~A

c`ñ miñ] 4@5@618- ;kKñ] 3@185@186

19- c`ñ miñ] 6@2@15&16- jtLrHkksX;kukfo"V'pØon~ HkzkE;rs fgn;"kkSA;kKñ] 3@182

20- ;kKñ] 3@194] 196&197] xhrk] 8@28] 9@4

21- c`ñ miñ] 6@2@15&16

22- {kh.ks iq.;s eR;Zyksdsfo'kfUrA xhrk] 9@2

23- rnUrj çfriÙkkS jgfr laifj"oDr%A czñ lwñ 'kkadj Hkk";] 3@1

24- o`ñ miñ 'kkadj Hkk"; 6@2@15] rqyuh; lñ osñ fyñ] lkñ lañ] 'yksñ 27

25- ;kKñ] 3@194] 97] dBñ miñ 'kkañ Hkkñ 1@1@18] czñ lwñ] 3@1@17


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64

Le`fr;ksa ,oa uhfrdkjksa ds vuqlkj dj iz.kkyh Le`fr;ksa ,oa uhfrdkjksa ds vuqlkj dj iz.kkyh Le`fr;ksa ,oa uhfrdkjksa ds vuqlkj dj iz.kkyh Le`fr;ksa ,oa uhfrdkjksa ds vuqlkj dj iz.kkyh Le`fr;ksa ,oa uhfrdkjksa ds vuqlkj dj iz.kkyh

latho mik/;k;latho mik/;k;latho mik/;k;latho mik/;k;latho mik/;k;

vflLVsaV çksQslj

jktdh; efgyk egkfo|ky;] m/keiqjA

‘kkld dk lalkj esa fdlh u fdlh :i esa egRo rks gS D;ksafd ‘kkld ds fcuk ‘kkluesa v’kkfUr vkSj mUufr esa ck/kk mifLFkr gks tkrh gSA vius ‘kklu dks lqpk# :i lspykus ds fy, rFkk iztk dk ikyu djus ds fy, ‘kkld dks /ku dh vko’;drk gksrh gSvkSj og /ku ‘kkld iztk ls ^dj* ds :i esa xzg.k djrk gS vr% ‘kkld dh vk; dk eq[;lk/ku ^dj* dks gh ekuk tkrk gSA ‘kkld viuh iztk ls dj fdl izdkj izkIr djs\ rFkkiztk ij^dj* dSls yxk;s\ ftlls mUgs d”V dk vuqHko Hkh u gks rFkk iztk eu yxk djdk;Z Hkh djs D;ksfd vf/kd dj yxkus ls O;kikjh vkfn oxZ vf/kd dk;Z ugha djsxk vkSjjk”Vª ds vkfFkZd <kaps ij ,oa mRiknu ij bldk nq”izHkko iM+sxk] vr% bu lHkh ckrksa dks/;ku esa j[krs gq, Hkkjrh; izkphu izeq[k Le`frdkjksa rFkk uhfrdkjksa us vius er izLrqr fd,gSaA

vFkZ txr ds O;ogkj ds fy, ijeko’;d gS vr% izFke vkfFkZd fopkjd vkpk;Zeuq us ^êuqLe`fr** ^êuqLe`fr** ^êuqLe`fr** ^êuqLe`fr** ^êuqLe`fr** esa vFkZ izkfIr ds lk/kuksa dh izkfIr &m|ksx] dj O;oLFkk] ewY;fu/kZkj.k]oLrq forj.k] O;kikj] —f”k vkfn ij lqO;ofLFkr :i ls fu;U=.k j[kdj iztk ds vkfFkZdthou dks mUur djus ij fo’ks”k /;ku fn;k gSA vkpk;Z euq ds vuqlkj jktk dk jkT; lsvk; dk eq[; lk/ku ^dj* gh gS vr% vPNs O;ogkj] U;k;;qDr vkpj.k djus okys vkSjfo’oklh O;fDr;ksa ds }kjk gh ^dj* ,d= fd;s tkuk pkfg,A ftl izdkj ikuh dh ,d&,dcwan ls ,d cM+k lk ?kM+k Hkj tkrk gS] mlh izdkj ’kkld Hkh FkksM+k&FkksM+k ^dj* ,d= djdsviuk dks”k laxzg dj ldrk gSA euq ds vuqlkj vPNk ‘kkld mlh dks ekuk tkrk gS tksiztk dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr dks ns[kdj dj yxkrk gS vkSj ;fn ihM+k vFkok d”V nsdj vFkZnksgu djsxk rks ^ftl izdkj ‘kjhj/kkjh izkf.k;ksa ds izk.k ‘kjhj ds —”k gksus ij lekIr gkstkrs gSa] mlh izdkj iztk dks ihfM+r djus ij jktkvksa ds izk.k Hkh u”V gks tkrs gSa*A ;Fkk&

^^‘kjhjd”kZ.kkRizk.kk% {kh;Urs izkf.kuka ;FkkA ^^‘kjhjd”kZ.kkRizk.kk% {kh;Urs izkf.kuka ;FkkA ^^‘kjhjd”kZ.kkRizk.kk% {kh;Urs izkf.kuka ;FkkA ^^‘kjhjd”kZ.kkRizk.kk% {kh;Urs izkf.kuka ;FkkA ^^‘kjhjd”kZ.kkRizk.kk% {kh;Urs izkf.kuka ;FkkA rFkk jkKkefi izk.kk% {kh;Urs jk”Vªd”kZ.kkr~**AA rFkk jkKkefi izk.kk% {kh;Urs jk”Vªd”kZ.kkr~**AA rFkk jkKkefi izk.kk% {kh;Urs jk”Vªd”kZ.kkr~**AA rFkk jkKkefi izk.kk% {kh;Urs jk”Vªd”kZ.kkr~**AA rFkk jkKkefi izk.kk% {kh;Urs jk”Vªd”kZ.kkr~**AA euq0 7@11 vr% ‘kkld dks /kS;Z /kkj.k djds] mRlkg vkSj m|ksx ls vYi ^dj* xzg.kdjds gh vius jkT; dk fo’kky dks”k cukuk pkfg,A vYi ^dj* iztk dks ihM+k ugha nsrkfdUrq vf/kd ‘kks”k.k ds }kjk iztk nq[kh gksdj fonzksg dj cSBrh gS vr% vPNs ‘kkld dksiztk dk ‘kks”k.k djds ^dj* ,df=r ugha djuk pkfg,A ;Fkk%&^^ftl izdkj tkad FkksM+k&FkksM+k


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65

[kwu] cNM+k nw/k] HkkSajk ‘kgn ,d= djrk gS ;k ihrk gS] mlh izdkj ‘kkld dks Hkh jk”Vª lsokf”kZd dj ,d= djuk pkfg,**A ^^;FkkYikYienUR;k|a ok;ksZoRl”kV~ink%A^^;FkkYikYienUR;k|a ok;ksZoRl”kV~ink%A^^;FkkYikYienUR;k|a ok;ksZoRl”kV~ink%A^^;FkkYikYienUR;k|a ok;ksZoRl”kV~ink%A^^;FkkYikYienUR;k|a ok;ksZoRl”kV~ink%A rFkkYikYiks xzghrO;ks jk”VªknzkKkfCnd% dj%**AA rFkkYikYiks xzghrO;ks jk”VªknzkKkfCnd% dj%**AA rFkkYikYiks xzghrO;ks jk”VªknzkKkfCnd% dj%**AA rFkkYikYiks xzghrO;ks jk”VªknzkKkfCnd% dj%**AA rFkkYikYiks xzghrO;ks jk”VªknzkKkfCnd% dj%**AA euq0 7@129

izkphu vFkZO;oLFkkid euq us rks vPNs ‘kkld dks ml ;qx ds vuq:i dj ysus dhek=k rd fu/kZkfjr dj nh Fkh] ftlls u rks jk”Vª dh gkfu gks vkSj iztk dks Hkh dj nsusesa d”V izrhr u gksA vr% euq us dj dh dqN oLrqvksa ij mudh mRikfnr fdLeksa ds vk/kkj ij ^dj* fu/kZkfjr fd;k Fkk %& î’kq vkSj fgj.; ij ipkloka Hkkx vkSj /kkU; ij mldsvPNs cqjs xq.kksa ds vuqlkj NBk] vkBoka vFkok ckjgoka Hkkx ^dj* ds :i es ysuk pkfg,rFkk o`{k] ekal] e/kq] ?kh] xU/kokyh oLrq,Wa] vkS”kf/k] jl] iq”i] ewy] Qy] i=] ‘kkd] r`.k]peM+k] ckal] feêh ds cus orZu vkSj iRFkj ls cuh lHkh oLrqvksa dk “kM~Hkkx ^dj*ds :iesa ysuk pkfg,*A 1

euq dk ;g ekuuk gS fd O;kikjh oxZ jk”Vª dk izk.k gksrk gS vr% mUgksaus O;kikjhoxZ dh lq[k lqfo/kkvksa dk /;ku j[krs gq, mu ij dj yxkus dh Hkh ,d i)fr fu/kZkfjrdh gSA muds vuqlkj O;kikfj;ksa dh vk;&O;; dk /;ku j[krs gq, gh dj fu/kZkfjr fd;stkus pkfg,A

Ø;&foØ;] ekxZ O;;] Hkkstu ij gksus okys O;; dks] ekxZ j{kk dk O;; vkSj lE;x~izdkj ds gkfu &ykHk dks /;ku esa j[kdj gh jktk O;kikfj;ksa ij ^dj* yxk;s*A ;Fkk%&

^^Ø;foØ;e/okuka HkDra p lifjO;;e~A^^Ø;foØ;e/okuka HkDra p lifjO;;e~A^^Ø;foØ;e/okuka HkDra p lifjO;;e~A^^Ø;foØ;e/okuka HkDra p lifjO;;e~A^^Ø;foØ;e/okuka HkDra p lifjO;;e~A ;ksx{ksea p laizs{; of.ktks nk;;sRdjku~**AA ;ksx{ksea p laizs{; of.ktks nk;;sRdjku~**AA ;ksx{ksea p laizs{; of.ktks nk;;sRdjku~**AA ;ksx{ksea p laizs{; of.ktks nk;;sRdjku~**AA ;ksx{ksea p laizs{; of.ktks nk;;sRdjku~**AA euq0 7@127

bl izdkj jkT; dh vk; o`f) ds fy, ^dj* ysuk furkUr vko’;d gS fdUrqfuEufyf[kr euq”;ksa dks dj ls eqDr j[k x;k Fkk A ‘kfDrghu] vFkZghu] ,oa thou;kiuek= vFkZ j[kus okys yksxksa ls ^dj* ugha fy;k tkrk FkkA os yksx jkT; dj ls eqDr j[ksx;s FksA ;Fkk %&^^ vU/kk] ew[kZ] yaxM+k] lRrj o”kZ dh vk;q ls vf/kd o`) rFkk vUu lsJksf=; yksxksa dk midkj djus okys O;fDr;ksa ls fdlh dks Hkh ^dj*ugha ysuk pkfg,**A 2

bl izdkj euq dk er gS fd ‘kkld dks mfpr <ax ls ^dj* ,df=r djuk pkfg,rFkk iztk dk Hkh ;g drZO; gS fd os Hkh le; ls jkT; dh o`f) ds fy, fu/kZkfjr ^dj*nsa D;ksafd ^dj* dks”k dh o`f)] O;fDr dh vfHko`f)] lekt dh mUufr vkSj jk”Vª ds vkfFkZdfodkl ds fy, gksrk gSA

vkpk;Z ‘kqdz ds vuqlkj jk”Vª dh mUufr ds fy, ,oa iztk ds dY;k.kkFkZ dks”k dhlqj{kk loksZifj gSA dks”k dks jkT; dk ewy ekuk tkrk gS vr% jktk dks vius dks”k dh o`f)ekyh ds dk;Z ds leku djuh pkfg, vkSj gj izdkj dh lgk;rk rFkk j{kk djds] iztk dks^dj* nsus ;ksX; cukdj] muds /ku ls dks”k dh o`f) djuh pkfg,A ckt+kj dh Hkwfe dk vkSjjktiFkksa dk jktk ^dj* ysA vkpk;Z ‘kqdzkuqlkj & nqdkunkjksa ls foi.k dh Hkwfe dk vkSj ekxZes pyus okyksa ls ekxZ dh ‘kqf)] j{kk vkSj lq/kkj ds fy, dj ysa ;Fkk%& ^^rFkk pkif.kdsH;Lrqi.;Hkw ‘kqYdekgjsr~A ^^rFkk pkif.kdsH;Lrqi.;Hkw ‘kqYdekgjsr~A ^^rFkk pkif.kdsH;Lrqi.;Hkw ‘kqYdekgjsr~A ^^rFkk pkif.kdsH;Lrqi.;Hkw ‘kqYdekgjsr~A ^^rFkk pkif.kdsH;Lrqi.;Hkw ‘kqYdekgjsr~A


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66

ekxZlaLdkjj{kkFkZa ekxZxsH;ks gjsRQye~**AA ekxZlaLdkjj{kkFkZa ekxZxsH;ks gjsRQye~**AA ekxZlaLdkjj{kkFkZa ekxZxsH;ks gjsRQye~**AA ekxZlaLdkjj{kkFkZa ekxZxsH;ks gjsRQye~**AA ekxZlaLdkjj{kkFkZa ekxZxsH;ks gjsRQye~**AA ‘kqØ0 4@240vkpk;Z ‘kqØ us dj laxzg djus ds dkj.k ‘kkld dks nkl ds leku lsok rFkk j{kk

djus dk nkf;Ro jktk dks fn;k gS%& ^lcls ^dj* ysdj nkl ds leku j{kk djsaA ;Fkk %& ^^loZr% QyHkqXHkqRok nkloRL;kÙkj{k.ks**A ^^loZr% QyHkqXHkqRok nkloRL;kÙkj{k.ks**A ^^loZr% QyHkqXHkqRok nkloRL;kÙkj{k.ks**A ^^loZr% QyHkqXHkqRok nkloRL;kÙkj{k.ks**A ^^loZr% QyHkqXHkqRok nkloRL;kÙkj{k.ks**A ‘kqØ0 4@241

bl izdkj vFkZ izkfIr esa ^dj* dk egRoiw.kZ LFkku gS fdUrq uohu djksa dks yxkdjturk dks nq[kh ugha djuk pkfg, A vPNk ‘kkld dj vFkok ‘kqYd izkfIr ds yksHk esa iztkdk ‘kks”k.k u djs vU;Fkk iztk mlds fo#) gks tkrh gS%& ^ûohu dj ‘kqYdk|SyksZd mf}trs rr%**A ^ûohu dj ‘kqYdk|SyksZd mf}trs rr%**A ^ûohu dj ‘kqYdk|SyksZd mf}trs rr%**A ^ûohu dj ‘kqYdk|SyksZd mf}trs rr%**A ^ûohu dj ‘kqYdk|SyksZd mf}trs rr%**A ‘kqØ0 2@264

vkpk;Z ‘kqØkuqlkj ^foØ; vkSj Ø; djus okyksa ls tks jktHkkx fy;k tk, mls ‘kqYdvFkok dj dgk tkrk gS%& ^^foØssr`Øsr`rks jktHkkx% ‘kqYdeqnkâre~**A ^^foØssr`Øsr`rks jktHkkx% ‘kqYdeqnkâre~**A ^^foØssr`Øsr`rks jktHkkx% ‘kqYdeqnkâre~**A ^^foØssr`Øsr`rks jktHkkx% ‘kqYdeqnkâre~**A ^^foØssr`Øsr`rks jktHkkx% ‘kqYdeqnkâre~**A ‘kqØ0 4@217

‘kkld dks vf/kd ‘kqYd Hkh ugha ysuk pkfg, D;ksafd ,slk djus ls O;kikjh oxZ Hkhturk dk ‘kks”k.k djrs gSa vr% vkpk;Z ‘kqØ us ekyh ds leku o`{k dh j{kk djrs gq, Qyysus dh miek nh gS vFkZkr~ tSls &ekyh isM+ ikS/kksa dh j{kk djrs gq, muls Qwy vkSj Qyysrk gS]mlh izdkj jktk dks Hkh iztk ls dj ysuk pkfg, vr% ekykdkj ds leku dj ysukpkfg, u fd dks;yk cukus okys ds leku ;Fkk%&

jktk }kjk dj vFkok ‘kqYd ds ek|e ls ,d= fd;s gq, dks”k ds fo”k; esa crkrs gq,dgrs gSa fd ^vFkZ dk FkksM+k&FkksM+k laxzg tc leqnk; ds :i esa ,df=r gks tkrk gS rc mlsdks”k dgrs gS* ;Fkk %&

^^,dkFkZa leqnk;ks ;% l% dks”k% L;kRi`Fkd~~ i`Fkd~**AA ^^,dkFkZa leqnk;ks ;% l% dks”k% L;kRi`Fkd~~ i`Fkd~**AA ^^,dkFkZa leqnk;ks ;% l% dks”k% L;kRi`Fkd~~ i`Fkd~**AA ^^,dkFkZa leqnk;ks ;% l% dks”k% L;kRi`Fkd~~ i`Fkd~**AA ^^,dkFkZa leqnk;ks ;% l% dks”k% L;kRi`Fkd~~ i`Fkd~**AA ‘kqØ0 4@116 vkpk;Z ‘kqØkuqlkj vkifRr ds le; ds fy,] jk”Vª dh j{kk ds fy, ,oa iztk dsdY;k.k ds fy, gh dks”k dh vko’;drk gksrh gS rFkkfi jktk dks vkifRrdky dks NksM+djn.M vkSj i`Foh dk ‘kqYd vFkok vU; fdlh izdkj ds dj dh o`f) djds dks”k dh o`f)ugha djuh pkfg, ;Fkk %&

^^ n.MHkkx ‘kqYdkuka vkf/kD;kRdks”ko/kZue~**A^^ n.MHkkx ‘kqYdkuka vkf/kD;kRdks”ko/kZue~**A^^ n.MHkkx ‘kqYdkuka vkf/kD;kRdks”ko/kZue~**A^^ n.MHkkx ‘kqYdkuka vkf/kD;kRdks”ko/kZue~**A^^ n.MHkkx ‘kqYdkuka vkf/kD;kRdks”ko/kZue~**A ‘kqØ0 4@124;fn nqHkZkX; ls fdlh izdkj jktk dk dks”k lekIr gks tk,] ,slh vkifRr dh fLFkfr

esa jktk lwn ij /kfudksa ls /ku ys vkSj tc jktk vkifRr ls ikj gks tk, rks ml le;o`f) lfgr /ku okfil dj nsA 3 blls ;g voxr gksrk gS fd ml le; turk dh vkfFkZdfLFkfr vPNh Fkh vkSj ‘kkld iztk dk O;FkZ ds djksa ;k ‘kqYdksa ls ‘kks”k.k ugha djrs Fks vkSjdeZpkjh&rU= Ãekunkj FkkA

vkpk;Z Hkh”e ds vuqlkj jktk] jkT; vkSj mldh vkfFkZd ifj;kstuk;sa dks”k ds fcukdSls iwjh gks ldrh gSa\ vFkZkr~ ugha gks ldrh gSa vr% ‘kkld dks dks”k dks lnSo le`) j[kusdk iz;Ru djuk pkfg, vkSj dks”k dks le`) j[kus dk loZizeq[k lk/ku ^dj* gh gSA loZizFkevkpk;Z Hkh”e us O;kikfj;ksa ij ^dj* fu/kZkfjr djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd&^dz;&fodz; dk /;kuj[krs gq,] oLrqvksa dks ykus] ys tkus esa tks ekxZ O;; gqvk gks] mlesa dke djus okyksa dkHkh O;; ns[kdj] mlds gkfu&ykHk dks n`f”V esa j[krs gq, gh O;kikfj;ksa ij dj yxkuk


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67

pkfg,*A4

blds lkFk gh bl ckr dk Hkh /;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd fdl izdkj dk og lkekugSA mlds xq.kksa ds vuqlkj gh ml ij dj yxkuk mfpr jgrk gSA ;Fkk&ôLrq ds mRiknuvkSj Øsrkvksa dh ekax] f’kYi ds xq.kksa dks ns[kdj gh ml mRiknu f’kYi ij ,oa f’kYidkjksaij dj yxkuk pkfg, rFkk jktk dks pkfg, fd iztk ds mUur] vour vkfFkZd Lrj dksns[kdj gh vf/kd vkSj de dj yxk;sA oLrq ds dk;Z vkSj ykHk dks ns[kdj ml ij djfu/kZkj.k djuk pkfg,*A 5

euq”; fdlh Hkh dk;Z dks djrk gS rks dqN izkfIr ds fy, gh djrk gSA ;fn mlsfdlh oLrq ds mRiknu esa dqN va’k Hkh ykHk ugha gksxk rks og dsoy dj nsus ds fy,ifjJe D;ksa djsxk\ vr% mRiknu drkZ ds ykHk dk /;ku j[krs gq, ^dj* yxkuk pkfg,A;Fkk&^^ ykHk vkSj deZ ;fn fcuk iz;kstu ds gq, rks dksÃ Hkh O;fDr fdlh Hkh dk;Z dks djusesa izo`Ùk ugha gksxkA vr% jktk vkSj jktk ds vf/kdkjh ] drkZ dks deZ dk Hkkx izkIr gksmldk /;ku j[kdj gh lnSo ^dj* dk fu/kZkj.k djsaA vf/kd r`”.kk ds dkj.k ewy vk/kkjvk; dks u”V u dj Mkys] bldk vo’; /;ku j[kuk pkfg,**A 6

vkpk;Z Hkh”e ds vuqlkj vPNk ‘kkld vius jkT; ds vkfFkZd ykHk ds fy, ;fniz;Ru’khy jgsxk rks vius ;gkWa okf.kT; djus okys yksxksa dks vf/kd lqfo/kk;sa nsdj ] U;k;vkSj vf/kdkj dks n`f”V esa j[krs gq, mfpr :i ls gh dj yxk;sxkA ;fn ‘kkld vius ykHkdh n`f”V ls euekuk dj yxk;sxk rks iztk mlls nq[kh gksdj }s”k djsxh rFkk ‘kkld dks Hkhblls gkfu gh gksxhA ;Fkk%&^^LFkku vkSj le; ds fo#) ‘kkld iztk ij ^dj* dk Hkkj uMkys vkSj ifjfLFkfr ds vuqlkj ,oa mfpr mik; ls lkURouk ds lkFk ^dj* xzg.k djsAvr% tksad tSls ‘kjhj dk jDr pwl ysrh gS] mlh izdkj vPNs ‘kkld dks dkseyrk ds lkFkiztk ls ^dj* xzg.k djuk pkfg, rFkk ftl izdkj O;k?kzh vius cPpksa dks nkWarksa ls idM+djb/kj&m/kj ys tkrh gS] muds ‘kjhj dks u gh dkVrh gS vkSj u gh ihM+k nsrh gS] mlh izdkjjktk dks Hkh fcuk dksÃ d”V fn, viuh iztk ls vf/kd nq[kh djds ^dj* ysus ij iztk HkhvlR; dk ekxZ viukrh gS vkSj bUgha dkj.kksa ls ljdkjh djksa dh pksjh djus dh Hkkouk;saiztk ds eu esa vkrh gSaA vr% vkpk;Z Hkh”e ;qf/kf”Bj dks vius vkfFkZd fopkj crkrs gq,dgrs gSa fd ^^ jktk dks ;g pkfg, fd og lEiw.kZ iztk ij vuqxzg djrk gqvk mlls ^dj*xzg.k djs vkSj jktk nh?kZdky rd iztk dks ihM+k nsdj ml ij fo|qr ds leku fxjdjviuk izHkko vftZr u djsA blh ds lkFk ;g Hkh /;ku j[ks fd vf/kd vkSj de ewY; ijØ; djus okys ,oa O;kikj ds ykHk ds fy, d”Vizn izns’kksa esa ?kweus okys of.kd~ ^dj* ds Hkkjls ihM+k dk vuqHko djrs gq, nq[kh rks ugha gks jgs gSa**A8

tSls Hkzej ‘kuS%&’kuS% o`{k vkSj Qwyksa ls e/kq laxzg djrk gS] mlh izdkj jktk dks Hkhjk”Vª:ih xk; dks nqguk pkfg, vFkZkr~ ^dj* xzg.k djuk pkfg, rFkk jktk dks ;g Hkhpkfg, fd og vle; esa ^dj* yxkdj vFkZ laxzg djus dh ps”Vk u djs D;ksafd vYi laxzgls Hkh dqN fnuksa esa vf/kd laxzg gks tkrk gSA vr% vPNs jktk dks vYi lk/kuksa dks gs;dh n`f”V ls ugha ns[kuk pkfg,%&


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68

^ûkFkZeYia ifjHkos uA ukdkys iz.knsnFkkZUukfiz;s tkrq laTojsr~**A^ûkFkZeYia ifjHkos uA ukdkys iz.knsnFkkZUukfiz;s tkrq laTojsr~**A^ûkFkZeYia ifjHkos uA ukdkys iz.knsnFkkZUukfiz;s tkrq laTojsr~**A^ûkFkZeYia ifjHkos uA ukdkys iz.knsnFkkZUukfiz;s tkrq laTojsr~**A^ûkFkZeYia ifjHkos uA ukdkys iz.knsnFkkZUukfiz;s tkrq laTojsr~**Aegk0’kkfUr0 93@35

bl izdkj iztk ds vkfFkZd fodkl dk /;ku j[krs gq, jktk dks vusd O;ogkfjdmnkgj.k nsdj izkphu Hkkjrh; vFkZ’kkL=h vkpk;Z Hkh”e us ^dj* ds fo”k; esa viuk ijke’kZizLrqr fd;k gSA

vkpk;Z dkeUndh us uhfrlkj esa vkfFkZd fodkl] jk”Vª dh lqj{kk vkSj turk dhle`f) ds fy, dks”k vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ ekuk gS D;ksafd dks”k ds fcuk ‘kkld ,d NksVk lkdk;Z Hkh ugha dj ldrk gSA vr% ftl dks”k ij jkT; dk leLr dk;Z fuHkZj gS] mldklap; fdl izdkj gksuk pkfg,\ dks”k esa vf/kd /ku dSls vk;sxk\ bu fo”k;ksa ij vkpk;ZdkeUndh us viuk ijke’kZ fn;k gSA muds vuqlkj izeq[k :i ls jkT; dk dks”k ^dj* dsxzg.k djus ls o`f) dks izkIr gksrk gSA ;fn ^dj* u fy;k tk;sxk rks jkT; dk O;; dSlsogu gksxk\ turk ls vPNs ‘kkld dks ^dj* ;qfDr vkSj uhfr ds vuqlkj ysuk pkfg,A ;fn‘kkld vius O;FkZ ds O;;ksa dks pykus ds fy, turk ij vf/kd ^dj* yxkrk gS rkss iztkds nq[k ls og jktk Lo;a lekIr gks tkrk gSA vPNs U;k;fiz; jktk dks iztk ls dSls ^dj*xzg.k djuk pkfg,] bl fo”k; ij vkpk;Z dkeUndh us turk ds fgr dks /;ku esa j[krsgq, bl izdkj dgk gS fd %&

^^xk; dhs th tku yxkdj ] Hkw[k I;kl dk /;ku j[krs gq, vR;f/kd lsok dh tkrhgS] ftl izdkj vius m|ku esa isM+ yrkvksa dks ekyh lhaprk gS vkSj le; ij mulsQwy&Qy ikrk gS] Bhd mlh izdkj jktk Hkh iztk dh lsok djrk gqvk muls ^dj* xzg.kdjsA vFkZkr~ ftl izdkj yrk;sa lhapus vkSj c<+kus ds ckn gh iq”i vkSj Qy nsrh gSa rFkkftl izdkj xk; vPNh rjg ikys tkus ds ckn le; ij nw/k nsrh gS] mlh izdkj iztk ls^dj* xzg.k djuk pkfg,**A 9

jktk dk iztk dh j{kk djuk izFke drZO; gSA d`f”k dh mRifRr dh o`f) esa jktkdk Hkh gkFk gksrk gSA og nq”V yksxksa ls lqj{kk dk /;ku j[krk gS rFkk nqHkZkX; ls fdlhdkj.ko’k d`f”k esa dqN Hkh mRiUu u gks] nqfHkZ{k vkfn iM+ tk, rks ml le; ‘kkld ghlgk;rk djrk gSA bl izdkj dh lqj{kk vkSj lgk;rk ds dkj.k iztk ls jktk dks ^dj* ikusdk vf/kdkj gSA tks ‘kkld iztk ls bl izdkj ^dj* xzg.k djrk gS] og vf/kd fnu rdfLFkj vkSj lq[kh jgrk gS%&

^^ftl izdkj lw;Z viuh fdj.kksa ls ty xzg.k djrk gS] mlh izdkj ‘kkld dks iztkls /ku xzg.k djuk pkfg, vkSj ftl izdkj ,d NksVk lk chtkadqj vfHkjf{kr gksus ijifjiq”V gksdj fu;r le; ij Qy nsrk gS] blh izdkj jf{kr vkSj ifjikfyr iztk Hkh fu;rle; ij jktk dks ^dj* nsrh gS**A 10 ^dj* ysuk pkfg,**A ô`{kkUlaiq”;;Rusu Qya iq”ia fofpUofrA ô`{kkUlaiq”;;Rusu Qya iq”ia fofpUofrA ô`{kkUlaiq”;;Rusu Qya iq”ia fofpUofrA ô`{kkUlaiq”;;Rusu Qya iq”ia fofpUofrA ô`{kkUlaiq”;;Rusu Qya iq”ia fofpUofrA ekykdkj bo xzkg~;ks Hkkxks ukaxkjdkjor~**AA ekykdkj bo xzkg~;ks Hkkxks ukaxkjdkjor~**AA ekykdkj bo xzkg~;ks Hkkxks ukaxkjdkjor~**AA ekykdkj bo xzkg~;ks Hkkxks ukaxkjdkjor~**AA ekykdkj bo xzkg~;ks Hkkxks ukaxkjdkjor~**AA ‘kqØ0 2@171

vf/kd nq[kh djds ^dj* ysus ij iztk Hkh vlR; dk ekxZ viukrh gS vkSj bUgha


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69

dkj.kksa ls ljdkjh djksa dh pksjh djus dh Hkkouk;sa iztk ds eu esa vkrh gSaA vr% vkpk;ZHkh”e ;qf/kf”Bj dks vius vkfFkZd fopkj crkrs gq, dgrs gSa fd ^^ jktk dks ;g pkfg, fdog lEiw.kZ iztk ij vuqxzg djrk gqvk mlls ^dj* xzg.k djs vkSj jktk nh?kZdky rd iztkdks ihM+k nsdj ml ij fo|qr ds leku fxjdj viuk izHkko vftZr u djsA blh ds lkFk;g Hkh /;ku j[ks fd vf/kd vkSj de ewY; ij Ø; djus okys ,oa O;kikj ds ykHk ds fy,d”Vizn izns’kksa esa ?kweus okys of.kd~ ^dj* ds Hkkj ls ihM+k dk vuqHko djrs gq, nq[kh rks ughagks jgs gSa**A 11

tSls Hkzej ‘kuS%&’kuS% o`{k vkSj Qwyksa ls e/kq laxzg djrk gS] mlh izdkj jktk dks Hkhjk”Vª:ih xk; dks nqguk pkfg, vFkZkr~ ^dj* xzg.k djuk pkfg, rFkk jktk dks ;g Hkhpkfg, fd og vle; esa ^dj* yxkdj vFkZ laxzg djus dh ps”Vk u djs D;ksafd vYi laxzgls Hkh dqN fnuksa esa vf/kd laxzg gks tkrk gSA vr% vPNs jktk dks vYi lk/kuksa dks gs;dh n`f”V ls ugha ns[kuk pkfg,%& ^ûkFkZeYia ifjHkos uA ukdkys iz.knsnFkkZUukfiz;s tkrq laTojsr~**AûkFkZeYia ifjHkos uA ukdkys iz.knsnFkkZUukfiz;s tkrq laTojsr~**AûkFkZeYia ifjHkos uA ukdkys iz.knsnFkkZUukfiz;s tkrq laTojsr~**AûkFkZeYia ifjHkos uA ukdkys iz.knsnFkkZUukfiz;s tkrq laTojsr~**AûkFkZeYia ifjHkos uA ukdkys iz.knsnFkkZUukfiz;s tkrq laTojsr~**A

egk0’kkfUr0 93@35bl izdkj iztk ds vkfFkZd fodkl dk /;ku j[krs gq, jktk dks vusd O;ogkfjd mnkgj.knsdj izkphu Hkkjrh; vFkZ’kkL=h vkpk;Z Hkh”e us ^dj* ds fo”k; esa viuk ijke’kZ izLrqrfd;k gSA

vkpk;Z dkeUndh us uhfrlkj esa vkfFkZd fodkl] jk”Vª dh lqj{kk vkSj turk dhle`f) ds fy, dks”k vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ ekuk gS D;ksafd dks”k ds fcuk ‘kkld ,d NksVk lkdk;Z Hkh ugha dj ldrk gSA vr% ftl dks”k ij jkT; dk leLr dk;Z fuHkZj gS] mldklap; fdl izdkj gksuk pkfg,\ dks”k esa vf/kd /ku dSls vk;sxk\ bu fo”k;ksa ij vkpk;ZdkeUndh us viuk ijke’kZ fn;k gSA muds vuqlkj izeq[k :i ls jkT; dk dks”k ^dj* dsxzg.k djus ls o`f) dks izkIr gksrk gSA ;fn ^dj* u fy;k tk;sxk rks jkT; dk O;; dSlsogu gksxk\ turk ls vPNs ‘kkld dks ^dj* ;qfDr vkSj uhfr ds vuqlkj ysuk pkfg,A ;fn‘kkld vius O;FkZ ds O;;ksa dks pykus ds fy, turk ij vf/kd ^dj* yxkrk gS rkss iztkds nq[k ls og jktk Lo;a lekIr gks tkrk gSA vPNs U;k;fiz; jktk dks iztk ls dSls ^dj*xzg.k djuk pkfg,] bl fo”k; ij vkpk;Z dkeUndh us turk ds fgr dks /;ku esa j[krsgq, bl izdkj dgk gS fd %&

^^xk; dhs th tku yxkdj ] Hkw[k I;kl dk /;ku j[krs gq, vR;f/kd lsok dh tkrhgS] ftl izdkj vius m|ku esa isM+ yrkvksa dks ekyh lhaprk gS vkSj le; ij mulsQwy&Qy ikrk gS] Bhd mlh izdkj jktk Hkh iztk dh lsok djrk gqvk muls ^dj* xzg.kdjsA vFkZkr~ ftl izdkj yrk;sa lhapus vkSj c<+kus ds ckn gh iq”i vkSj Qy nsrh gSa rFkkftl izdkj xk; vPNh rjg ikys tkus ds ckn le; ij nw/k nsrh gS] mlh izdkj iztk ls^dj* xzg.k djuk pkfg,**A 13

jktk dk iztk dh j{kk djuk izFke drZO; gSA d`f”k dh mRifRr dh o`f) esa jktk


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70

dk Hkh gkFk gksrk gSA og nq”V yksxksa ls lqj{kk dk /;ku j[krk gS rFkk nqHkZkX; ls fdlhdkj.ko’k d`f”k esa dqN Hkh mRiUu u gks] nqfHkZ{k vkfn iM+ tk, rks ml le; ‘kkld ghlgk;rk djrk gSA bl izdkj dh lqj{kk vkSj lgk;rk ds dkj.k iztk ls jktk dks ^dj* ikusdk vf/kdkj gSA tks ‘kkld iztk ls bl izdkj ^dj* xzg.k djrk gS] og vf/kd fnu rdfLFkj vkSj lq[kh jgrk gS%&

^^ftl izdkj lw;Z viuh fdj.kksa ls ty xzg.k djrk gS] mlh izdkj ‘kkld dks iztkls /ku xzg.k djuk pkfg, vkSj ftl izdkj ,d NksVk lk chtkadqj vfHkjf{kr gksus ijifjiq”V gksdj fu;r le; ij Qy nsrk gS] blh izdkj jf{kr vkSj ifjikfyr iztk Hkh fu;rle; ij jktk dks ^dj* nsrh gS**A 14

^êqxsZ vkSj lwvj vkfn ikyus okys] mudh vkenuh dk vk/kk fgLlk dj nsa] blhizdkj HksM+&cdjh ikyus okys NBk fgLlk] xk;] HkSal] [kPpj] x/kk rFkk ?kksM+k vkfn ikyusokys nloka fgLlk jkt dj nsaA O;kikfj;ksa ls izfr iq#”k ds fglkc ls dqN udnh dj ds :iesa yh tkuh pkfg,A uV] urZd] xk;d rFkk os’;k;sa viuh dekÃ dk vk/kk fgLlk jktdjnsa**A15

^^lksuk] pkWanh] ghjk] ef.k] ‘ka[k] eksrh] ewWaxk] ?kksM+s vkSj gkFkh vkfn O;kikfjd oLrqvksaij mudh ykxr dk ipkloka fgLlk ^dj* ds :i esa ysuk pkfg,A blh izdkj lwr] diM+k]rkWack] xs#] xU/k] tM+h&cwVh] eknd chtksa ls fudkyk x;k nzO;] ‘kjkc ij pkyhloka fgLlk]xsgwWa] rsy] /kkukfn vUu] ?kh] yksgk] [kkjk ued vkSj cSyxkfM+;ksa ij rhloka fgLlk] dkWap dsO;kikjh rFkk cM+s&cM+s dkjhxjksa ij chloka fgLlk] NksVs&NksVs dkjhxjksa rFkk dqyVk fL=;ksa dks?kj esa j[kus okys ls nloka fgLlk vkSj ydM+h] ckal] iRFkj] feV~Vh ds orZu] idoku rFkkgjs ‘kkd vkfn ij ikWapoka fgLlk dj ds :i esa fy;k tkuk pkfg,**A 16

vkpk;Z dkSfVY; ds vuqlkj }kjiky dks pkfg, fd og uxj ds iz/kku }kj ls izfo”Vgksus okyh oLrqvksa ij] fu;r dj dk ikWapokWa fgLlk jktdj ds :i esa olwy djsA gj izdkjdk dj bl izdkj ls fu;r djuk pkfg, fdftlls ns’k dk midkj gksA ;Fkk%& ^^}kjkns;a ‘kqYdiapHkkx% vkuqxzkfgda ok ;Fkkns’kksidkja LFkki;sr~**A^^}kjkns;a ‘kqYdiapHkkx% vkuqxzkfgda ok ;Fkkns’kksidkja LFkki;sr~**A^^}kjkns;a ‘kqYdiapHkkx% vkuqxzkfgda ok ;Fkkns’kksidkja LFkki;sr~**A^^}kjkns;a ‘kqYdiapHkkx% vkuqxzkfgda ok ;Fkkns’kksidkja LFkki;sr~**A^^}kjkns;a ‘kqYdiapHkkx% vkuqxzkfgda ok ;Fkkns’kksidkja LFkki;sr~**A

dkS0 2@22@2

vkpk;Z dkSfVY; us jktk ds fy, dqN vU; lk/kuksa dk Hkh o.kZu fd;k gS ftuds}kjk ‘kkld vius dks”k dh o`f) dj lds vFkZkr~ xyrh djus ij jktk n.M Lo:i /kugh xzg.k djs ftlls dks”k dh Hkh o`f) gks tk; rFkk n.M Hkh ns fn;k tk;A ;Fkk&^ftuizns’kksa esa tks pht+s iSnk gksrh gksa ogha mudks cspuk ugh pkfg,A tSls [kkuksa ls rS;kj fd;kgqvk dPpk eky [kjhnus&csous okyksa ls 600 i.k n.M Lo:i /ku ysuk pkfg,A blh izdkjQwy&Qy ds cxhpksa esa gh Qwy&Qy [kjhnus&cspus okyksa dks 54 i.k] lkd7Hkkth ds [ksrksaesa gh lkjd&Hkkth rFkk dUn&ewy [kjhnus&cspus okyksa dks 52 i.k rFkk vukt ds [ksrksa esagh vukt [kjhnus&cspus okyksa dks 53 i.k n.M nsuk pkfg,*A ;Fkk&


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71

^ ^tk frH k w fe ” k q pi.;ku ke fod z; %A [k fuH;k s / k kr qi.;nku s “ kV ~NreR;;%A^ ^tk frH k w fe ” k q pi.;ku ke fod z; %A [k fuH;k s / k kr qi.;nku s “ kV ~NreR;;%A^ ^tk frH k w fe ” k q pi.;ku ke fod z; %A [k fuH;k s / k kr qi.;nku s “ kV ~NreR;;%A^ ^tk frH k w fe ” k q pi.;ku ke fod z; %A [k fuH;k s / k kr qi.;nku s “ kV ~NreR;;%A^ ^tk frH k w fe ” k q pi.;ku ke fod z; %A [k fuH;k s / k kr qi.;nku s “ kV ~NreR;;%Aiq”iQyokVsH;% iq”iQyknkus ilnlsu a f}iapk’kRi.k%A {k s= sH;% loZlL;knkusi q”iQyokVsH;% iq”iQyknkus ilnlsu a f}iapk’kRi.k%A {k s= sH;% loZlL;knkusi q”iQyokVsH;% iq”iQyknkus ilnlsu a f}iapk’kRi.k%A {k s= sH;% loZlL;knkusi q”iQyokVsH;% iq”iQyknkus ilnlsu a f}iapk’kRi.k%A {k s= sH;% loZlL;knkusi q”iQyokVsH;% iq”iQyknkus ilnlsu a f}iapk’kRi.k%A {k s= sH;% loZlL;knkusf=i apk’kRi.k%] i.kk s·/;/k Zi.k’p lhrkR;;%**Af=i apk’kRi.k%] i.kk s·/;/k Zi.k’p lhrkR;;%**Af=i apk’kRi.k%] i.kk s·/;/k Zi.k’p lhrkR;;%**Af=i apk’kRi.k%] i.kk s·/;/k Zi.k’p lhrkR;;%**Af=i apk’kRi.k%] i.kk s·/;/k Zi.k’p lhrkR;;%**A

dkS0 2@22@3&7blh izdkj vusd izdkj ds n.Mksa ds }kjk dks”k dh o`f) djus dk o.kZu izkIr gksrk

gSA vkpk;Z dkSfVY; us dÃ LFkkuksa ij dj esa NwV nsus dk Hkh o.kZu fd;k gSA ;Fkk &ûÃjhfr ls rkykc vkSj lhekcU/k cuokus okys O;fDr ij ikWap o”kZ rd] ;fn th.kksZ)kj djk;srks pkj o”kZ rd] ;fn mudks c<+k;s rks rhu o”kZ rd ljdkjh ^dj* ugha ysuk pkfg,A blhizdkj Hkwfe dks fxjoh j[kus vkSj cspus ij nks o”kZ rd dj ugha fy;k tkuk pkfg,A**A17

^^tks tuin feyksa] edkuksa] O;kikfjd ekxksZa] [kkyh eSnkuksa] [kkuksa vkSj ydM+h&gkFkh ds taxyksa}kjk jktk rFkk iztk dk midkj djrs gksa] tks izns’k jktk dh lhek ij gksa vkSj ftuds iklv™k vkfn cgqr FkksM+k gks] muls jkT; dj ugha ysuk pkfg,**A 18 bR;kfn o.kZu Hkh gesa izkIrgksrs gSaA

vkpk;Z dkSfVY;kuqlkj jkT; ds fy, cfynku gksus okys yksxks ds eu esa fpUrk] nq[kdk Hkko u gks rFkk vkfJrksa ij Hkh fdlh izdkj dk cqjk izHkko u iM+s vr% jktk dks pkfg,fd&^jkT; dk dke djrs gq, ejus okys deZpkfj;ksa dk osru vudh larku ;k fL=;kWa izkIrdjsaA e`r jkT;&deZpkfj;ksa ds ckyd] o`)] jksxxzLr lEcfU/k;ksa ij vuqxzg dh n`f”V j[kuhpkfg, vkSj e`R;q gksus] chekjh esa] cPps ds tUe gksus rFkk /kkfeZd —R; ij vkfFkZd lgk;rknsdj —rkFkZ djs**A19 vk/kqfud ;qx esa vkt ds lH; dgykus okys jk”Vª bl izdkj dh ckrksaij fopkj djrs gq, fn[kkÃ nsrs gSaA bl izdkj dh vkfFkZd lgk;rk ls lkekftd vkSjvkfFkZd O;oLFkk ij cqjk izHkko ugha iM+rkA

blh izdkj ds dj fo”k;d o.kZu gesa ;kKoYdh; Le`fr] ukjnh; Le`fr vkfn vU;xzUFkksa esa Hkh izkIr gksrs gSaA bl izdkj iwoZ of.kZr m)j.kkuqlkj u jk”Vª dh {kfr gks] u jktkdh gkfu gks] u O;kikj djus okys O;kikjh dk gh vfgr gks] Øsrkvksa ij vf/kd ewY; gksusds dkj.k Hkkj u iM+s] vr% vk; ds vuqikr ls] lkexzh dh ek¡x dks –f”V esa j[krs gq, rFkkO;kikfj;ksa ij Hkh muds gkfu ykHk dk /;ku j[krs gq, ^dj* yxk;k tkrk FkkA bu izdkjds lUrqyuksa ls iztk esa foæksg ] O;kikfj;ksa esa djksa dh pksjh vkSj ‘kkld esa ‘kks”k.k dh izo`fÙktkx`r ugha gksrh FkhA vr% vkt ds ;qx esa Hkh izkphu xzUFkksa esa of.kZr dj iz.kkyh dhizklafxdrk Li”V gksrh gSA

lanHkZ ladsr%1&vknnhrkFk “kM~Hkkxa nzqekale/kqlfiZ”kke~A xU/kkS”kf/kjlkuka p iqïewyQyL; pAA i=’kkdr`.kkuka p peZ.kka oSnyL; pA eÙ;ekuka p Hkk.Mkuka loZL;k’ee;L; pAA2& vU/kks tM+% ihBlihZ lIrR;k LFkfoj’p ;%A Jksf=;s”kwidqoZ’p u nkI;k% dsufpRdje~AA3& /kfudsH;ks Hk`fra nRok LokiÙkkSr)ua gjsr~A jktkLokiRleqÙkh.kZLÙkRlan|kr~ lo`f)de~AA


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72

4& foØ;a Ø;e/okua Hkäa p lifjPNne~A ;ksx{ksea p lEizs{; of.ktka dkj;sr~ djku~AA egk0‘kkfUr0 87@135& mRifÙka nkuo`fÙka p f’kYia lEizs{; pkl—r~A f’kYia izfr djkusoa f’kfYiu% izfr dkj;sr~AA ;Fkk ;Fkk lhnsjaLrFkk dq;kZUeghifr% A Qya deZ p lEizs{; rr% loZa izdYi;sr~AA

egk0 ‘kkfUr0 87@14&166& Qya deZa p fugsZrq u df’pr~ lEizorZrsA ;Fkk jktk p drkZ p L;krka deZf.k HkkfxukSAA laos{; rq rFkk jkKk iz.ks;k% lrra djk%A uksfPNUnknkReuks ewya ijs”kka pkfi r`”.k;kAA

egk0 ‘kkfUr0 87@17]187& u pkLFkkus u pkdkys djkLrsH;ks fuikr;sr~A vkuqiwosZ.k lkURosu ;Fkkdkya ;Fkkfof/kAA tykSdkor~ ficsn~ jk”Vªa e`nquSo ujkf/ki%A O;k?kzho p gjsr~ iq=ku~ lan’ksUu p ihM;sr~AA egk0 ‘kkfUr0 88@12]58& rLekr~ jktk izx`ghr% iztklq ewya y{E;k% loZ’kks áknnhrA nh?kZdkya ákfi lEihM~;ekuks fo|qRlEikrefi ok uksftZr% L;kr~AA egk0’kk0&120@44 dfPpr~ rs okf.ktks jk”Vªs uksf}tfUr djkfnZrkA Øh.kUrks cgqukYisu dkUrkj—r foJ;kAA egk0 ‘kkfUr0 89@239& ;Fkk xkS% ikY;rs dkys nqárs p rFkk iztkA flP;rs ph;rs pSo yrk iq”iQykfFkZuk AA dkeUn0 5@8410&vknnhr /kua rsH;ks HkLokulzSfjoksnde~A dkeUn0 5@74 ;Fkk chtkadqj% lw{e% ifjiq”Bks·fHkjf{kr%A dkys Qyk; Hkofr lk/kq r}fn;a iztkAA dkeUn0 6@1411& ;Fkk j{ksPp fuiq.ka lL;a d.Vfd’kk[k;kA Qyk; yxqM+% dk;ZLr}öksX;fena txr~ AA dkeUn0 5@81 fgj.;/kkU;oL=kf.k okgukfu rFkSo pA rFkkU;s nzO;fup;k% iztkr% lEHkofUr fgAA dkeUn0 13@2612& vk;qäsH;’pkSjsH;% ijsH;ks jktoYyHkkr~A i`FohifryksHkkPp iztkuka iap/kk Hk;e~AA iapizdkjeI;srniksáa uìrsHkZ;e~ vknnhr /kudkys f=oxZ ifjo`);sAA dkeUn0 5@8313& iDoa iDofeokjkekRQya jkT;knokIuq;kr~A vkePNsnHk;knkea otZ;sRdksidkjde~AA dkS0 5@2@3014& tuina egkUreYiizek.ka ok nsoekr`da izHkwr/kkU;a /kkU;L;ka’ka r`rh;a prqFkZa ok ;kpsr~A ;Fkklkja e/;eoja ok A prqFkZea’ka /kkU;kuka “k”Ba oU;kuka rwyyk{kk{kkSeoYddkiZkljkSedkS’ks;dkS”k/kxU/kiq”iQy’kkdi.;kuka dk”Bos.kqekaloYywjk.kka p x`g~.kh;q%A nUrkftuL;k/kZe~A dkS0 5@2@2]815&dq’khyok :ithok’p osruk/kZa n|q%A fgj.;djede.;kukgkj;s;q%A u pS”kka dafpnijk/kZa ifjgjs;q%A rs áijxghrefHkuh; foØh.khju~A dqDdqVlwdje/kZa n|kr~A {kqnzi’ko% “kM~HkkxaA xkksefg”kk’orj[kjks”Vªk’p n’kHkkxe~A cU/kdhiks”kdk jktizs”;kfHk% ije:i;kSoukfHk% dks’ka lagjs;q%A16&lqo.kZjtrotzef.keqDrkizokyka’pgfLri.;k% iapk’kRdjk%A lw=oL=rkezoÙkdalxU/kHkS”kT;&‘kh/kqi.;k’pRokfja’kRdjk%A /kkU;jlyksgi.;k% ‘kdVO;ogkfj.k’p f=a’kRdjk%A dkpO;ogkfj.kks egkdkjo’p foa’kfrdjk%A dk”Bos.kqik”kk.keök.M iDokUugfjri.;k%iapdjk%A dkS0 5@2@1017&rVkdlsrqcU/kkuka uoizorZus iapof”kZd% ifjgkj%A HkXuksRl`”Vkuka pkrqoZf”kZd% leqik:<+kuka=Sof”kZd%A LFkyL; }Sof”kZd% LokRek/kkus foØ;s pA dkS0 3@9@1618&nqxZlsrqdeZof.kDiFk’kwU;fuos’k[kfunzO;gfLroudeksZidkfj.ka izR;UreYiizek.ka ok u ;kpsr~A dkS0 5@2@319&deZlq e`rkuka iq=nkjk Hkäosrua yHksju~A ckyo`)O;kf/krk’pS”kkeuqxzkák%A

izsrO;kf/krlwfrdk —R;s”kqpS”kkeFkZekudeZ dq;kZr~A dkS0 5@3@30&31


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73

izkphudky esa —‘kd dk egÙoizkphudky esa —‘kd dk egÙoizkphudky esa —‘kd dk egÙoizkphudky esa —‘kd dk egÙoizkphudky esa —‘kd dk egÙo

MkWŒ vkse izdk”kMkWŒ vkse izdk”kMkWŒ vkse izdk”kMkWŒ vkse izdk”kMkWŒ vkse izdk”klgk;d izk/;kid] laLd`r

mPpf”k{kk foHkkxtEew dk”ehj

—’kd izkjEHk ls gh Hkkjrh; lekt ,oa vFkZO;oLFkk ds egÙoiw.kZ ?kVd jgs gSaA dhuk”kvFkkZr~ —’kd ds fy, vejdks’k esa dgk x;k gS] ^dqfRlra uk”k;fr bfr dhuk”k%*^dqfRlra uk”k;fr bfr dhuk”k%*^dqfRlra uk”k;fr bfr dhuk”k%*^dqfRlra uk”k;fr bfr dhuk”k%*^dqfRlra uk”k;fr bfr dhuk”k%* vFkkZr~ vUubR;kfn ds vHkko ds dkj.k mRiUu nqfHkZ{k vkfn cqjh voLFkkvksa dk uk”k djds lq[k vkSj le`f)ykus okys dks —’kd dgrs gSaA lekt ds iks’kd vkSj vUunkrk —’kd dh Lrqfr esa ;tqosZn dgrkgS ^vUukuka ir;s ue%] {ks=k.kka ir;s ue%*^vUukuka ir;s ue%] {ks=k.kka ir;s ue%*^vUukuka ir;s ue%] {ks=k.kka ir;s ue%*^vUukuka ir;s ue%] {ks=k.kka ir;s ue%*^vUukuka ir;s ue%] {ks=k.kka ir;s ue%* vFkkZr~ vUuksa ds Lokeh ds fy, ueLdkj gS] [ksrksads Lokeh ds fy, ueLdkj gSA

Hkkjr —f’k iz/kku ns”k jgk gSA ns”k dh cgqla[;d tula[;k xzkeksa esa jgrh gSA vf/kla[;dxzkeh.k —’kd gksrs gSaA lkFk gh “kgjksa ds Hkh dqN ukxfjd —f’k ls fdlh u fdlh izdkj tqM+s jgrsgSaA ;gh fLFkfr izkphu dky esa Hkh izrhr gksrh gSA ;fn —’kd dh vo/kkj.kk O;Dr djuh gks rksgesa ,d lqUnj rFkk lVhd mnkgj.k ikf.kfu dh v’Vk/;k;h ds lw= ^gsrqefr p*^gsrqefr p*^gsrqefr p*^gsrqefr p*^gsrqefr p* ij iratfy }kjkfd;s x;s Hkk’; esa feyrk gSA iartfy dgrs gSa ^^—f’k “kCn —’k~ /kkrq ls cuk gS ftldk vFkZ dwaMcukuk ;k tksruk gS ij blds vfrfjDr Hkh —’k~ /kkrq ds vUrxZr vU; vusd vFkZ lekfgrgSa dsoy tksruk gh ugha vfirq tksrus okys ds Hkkstu] gy] cht] cSy vkfn dk izcU/k djukHkh —f’k ds vUrxZr vkrk gS D;ks afd bu izcU/kks a ds vHkko esa —f’kdk;Z gks gh ugha ldrkA blhizdkj Lo;a [ksrh u djus okys O;fDr ds fy, tc ;g dgk tkrk gS fd ;g ikap gyksa dh[ksrh djrk gS rks ;g dguk Hkh lgh gS D;ks afd ;|fi og Lo;a gy ugha pykrk gS ij gypykus dk lk/ku izLrqr djrk gSA** bl izdkj —’kd dsoy —f’k djus okyk gh ugha vfirq—f’k djokus okyk Hkh ekuk x;kA izkphu dky ls gh —’kd Hkkjrh; lekt ,oa vFkZO;oLFkkds es#n.M jgs gSaA vUu laxzkgd ls vUu mRiknd dh voLFkk rd ekuo fu”p; gh yEch,oa lrr izfØ;k ds mijkUr gh igq¡pk gksxk] fdUrq uoik”kk.k dky dks ,d vkRefuHkZj[kk|ksRiknd vFkZO;oLFkk ekuk tk ldrk gSA11111 vuqekur% —’kd [kk| chtksa ;k Qyksa dksbdV~Bk dj ysrs gks axs vkSj taxy esa vkx yxkdj mldh jk[k esa cht ;w¡ gh fc[ksj nsrs gks axstks fd o”kkZ ds ckn vadqfjr gks tkrs gks axsA bl izdkj igyh ckj ;g Li’V gqvk gksxk fdfdlh Hkw [k.M dks —f’k ds fy, iz;ksx dj vis{kkd”r vf/kd vUu izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS]lkFk gh ifjokj ds cPps] L=h] o`) Hkh bl dk;Z esa viuk dqN u dqN ;ksxnku ns ldrs Fks]tks fd [kk| ,d=.k ,oa f”kdkjh thou s esa vf/kd laHko u FkkA lk{;ksa ls irk pyrk gS fduoik”kk.k dkyhu —’kd LFkk;h thou ds dkj.k ?kj cukus yxs FksA mlds xzke [ksrksa ls nwj ughaFks] ,d xzke esa lEHkor% vkB ls ysdj ipkl >ksifM+;k¡ rd gksrh FkhaA22222 laHkor% [ksrksa] i”kqvksa]


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74

xzkeksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, —’kd dqN iwtk vuq’Bku Hkh djus yxs FksA33333 bl izdkj uoik’kk.k ;qxhuekuo dks —f’kKku dk Js; ns ldrs gSaA

_XoSfnd vk;ksZ a ds i”kqpkjh vkSj ?kqeDdM+ thou dh ifjdYiuk dk fuekZ.k rFkk LFkkiukdh ijEijk ohŒ ,Œ fLeFk44444 ds ys[ku ds lkFk izkjEHk gksrh gSA bl ijEijk dks ohŒ xkMZu pkbYM]55555

MhŒ MhŒ dkslkEch]66666 vkjŒ ,lŒ “kekZ]7 7 7 7 7 jksfeyk Fkkij]88888 vkSj lqchjk tk;loky99999 ds ys[ku ls cyfeykA ;|fi budk ekuuk Fkk fd _XoSfnd yksxksa dk —f’k ls ifjp; Fkk ij _XoSfndlkekftd lajpuk dks izLrqr djrs le; bl rF; dks cy ugha fn;k x;k gSA

vkjŒ ,uŒ uUnh]1010101010 chŒ dsŒ Bkdqj1111111111 ,oa Hkxoku flag1212121212 vkfn fo}kuksa us vius v/;;uksaesa bl izdkj dh /kkj.kk izLrqr dh gS fd i”kqpkjh O;oLFkk esa gh ugha vfirq —f’kdh; O;oLFkkesa Hkh —’kdksa dks i”kqvksa dh vko”;drk gksrh gSA _XoSfnd lk{;ksa ls moZj —f’k Hkwfe] chtifj’dj.k] —f=e flapkbZ] gy pykus] ckssus] dkVus] vkslkus] vUulaxzg.k] vUu ihlus vkfn dsizpqj mnkgj.k feyrs gSaA1313131313 oSfnd v/;;u ds lEcU/k esa eSdMkuy ,oa dhFk jfpr 1912 esaizdkf”kr] A Vaidic index of Names and Subjects, lokZf/kd egÙoiw.kZ gSA bl xzUFk ds v/;;uls Li’V gksrk gS fd ;g oSfnd fo’k;ksa ,oa ukeksa dk lHkk’; dks’k gS u fd oSfnd lkekftdlajpuk dks fu/kkZfjr djus okyk xzUFkA bl xzUFk ds vk/kkj ij rRdkyhu lkekftd O;oLFkk dkdqN fp= curk gS rks ;g fd _XoSfnd vk;Z ek= i”kqikyd ugha Fks] vPNs —’kd Hkh FksA os [ksrksadh tqrkbZ esa gy cSy dk iz;ksx djrs Fks] vkxkeh Qly gsrq chtksa dk laj{k.k djrs Fks] [ksrksadks ifjokjksa ds chp ck¡Vrs Fks vkSj vf/k”ks’k vUu dk mRiknu djrs FksA1414141414 vj~* /kkrq] ftlls vk;Z“kCn O;qRiUu gS] dk vFkZ —f’k djuk gksrk gSA _XoSfnd dky rd bldk vFkZ Js’B gks x;k rksdgk tk ldrk gS fd —f’k dk lqn`<+ vk/kkj —’kd dh Js’Brk dh LFkkiuk _Xosn ds izkphureva”kksa dh jpuk ds le; rd gks pqdh FkhA1515151515

bl le; —f’k fdl Lrj ij gks jgh Fkh bldk fu/kkZj.k bl vk/kkj ij ugha fd;k tkukpkfg, fd _Xosn esa —f’k dk mYys[k fdruh ckj gqvk gS] D;ksafd _Xosn —f’k dk vFkok —’kdksads fy, jpk x;k lkfgR; ugha gS] blds fy, mu fo”ks’krkvksa ij Hkh /;ku nsuk gksxk ftudklEcU/k —’kdksa vFkok —f’k ls gSA1616161616 _Xosn esa tqvkjh dks ^—f’kfeR—.kqLo^—f’kfeR—.kqLo^—f’kfeR—.kqLo^—f’kfeR—.kqLo^—f’kfeR—.kqLo* dgdj —f’k dh vksjizsfjr fd;k x;k gSA _f’k do’k ,yw’k us |wrdeZ dh fuUnk djrs gq, dgk gS fd ik¡lksa dk [ksyer [ksyks] —f’k djks] tks fd iRuh] /ku] lEifÙk dk lzksr gSA1717171717 thou —f’k ij bruk fuHkZj Fkkfd —’kdksa us {ks=ifr uked nsork dh dYiuk rd dj yh Fkh] ftldh —ik ls —’kdksa ds [ksrQyrs-Qwyrs Fks vkSj ftlls os ;g izkFkZuk fd;k djrs Fks fd muds [ksr lqQy cusa o muls blhizdkj /ku-/kkU; dk izokg gksrk jgs] ftl izdkj xkS ls nw/k dh /kkjk;sa cgrh gSaA1818181818 {ks=ifr nsorkdh Lrqfr esa _Xosn esa vU; eU= Hkh fo|eku gSa ftlds n`’Vk okenso gSaA okenso ds bl lwDresa ;g izkFkZuk dh x;h gS fd gekjs Qky lq[kiwoZd [ksr dk d’kZ.k fd;k djsaA dhuk”k lq[kiwoZdgy pyk;k djsa vkSj itZU; e/kq ds leku ty }kjk gesa lq[k igq¡pk;saA1919191919


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75

_Xosn ds vuqlkj gy tksrus dh loZizFke f”k{kk vf”ouh }kjk nh x;h FkhA2020202020 _Xosnesa iz;qDr ^—f’V*2121212121 “kCn dk vFkZ lk;.k us iztk vkSj “k=q fd;k gSA bldk iz;ksx fdlku vFkZesa Hkh vk;k gSA nwljs “kCnksa esa fdlku “kCn dk iz;ksx iztk vFkZ esa gksuk bl ckr dk lwpd gSfd —f’k vk/kkj cgqr O;kid FkkA _Xosn ls irk pyrk gS fd —’kdksa dks o’kkZ izfØ;k esa oSKkfuddkj.kksa dk irk Fkk tSls fd lw;Z dh fdj.kksa }kjk ty xeZ gksdj Hkki curk gS rFkk iqu% ogHkki o’kkZ ty :i esa cjlrh gSA2222222222 blh izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd —f’k-xfrfof/k;ksa ds c<+us dslkFk-lkFk —’kdksa dh Hkwfedk Hkh cnyus yxh FkhA bUnz vc u dsoy ;q) esa usr`Ro djrk gS ;ki”kqvksa ds laj{k.k dk nkf;Ro mBkrk gS] vfirq mls ygygkrh gqbZ Qlyksa dh j{kk djrs gq, Hkhcrk;k x;k gSA2323232323 bUnz dks xhys rus ,oa lw[kh cfy;ksa ls ;qDr Qly ls e/kqj jl xzg.k djrkgqvk ,oa ;teku dks izpqj Hkkstu iznku djrk gqvk crk;k x;k gSA2424242424

—’kd loZizFke Hkwfe tksrus dk mRlo “kqHk ewgwrZ esa vusd /kkfeZd deZdk.Mksa ,oavuq’Bkuksa ds lkFk djrs FksA xzkE; eqgwrZd }kjk fu/kkZfjr eqgwrZ esa xkseqd vius lg;ksxh vU;—’kdksa ds lkFk [ksr ij tkdj rFkk gy nsork dh mikluk dqN eU=ksPpkj.k ds lkFk djrk gqvknks-pkj Qsjs gy pykrk FkkA2525252525 bls gy pykus dk izkjEHk ekudj vU; —’kd Hkh [ksrksa esafu;fer tqrkbZ izkjEHk dj nsrs FksA2626262626 [ksr tksruk izkjEHk djus ls iwoZ [ksr ds nsork {ks=ifr]tynsork bUnz] —f’k dh nsoh lhrk rFkk “kqu%”khj vkSj es?k vkfn nsorkvksa dh Lrqfr rFkk iwtkds eU=ksa dk mYys[k _Xosn esa izkIr gksrk gSA {ks=ifr ds fy;s fuEufyf[kr izkFkZuk gS & ^gs^gs^gs^gs^gs{ks=ifr* ftl izdkj xk; ehBs nw/k dh /kkjk iznku djrh gS] mlh izdkj vki Hkh gesa{ks=ifr* ftl izdkj xk; ehBs nw/k dh /kkjk iznku djrh gS] mlh izdkj vki Hkh gesa{ks=ifr* ftl izdkj xk; ehBs nw/k dh /kkjk iznku djrh gS] mlh izdkj vki Hkh gesa{ks=ifr* ftl izdkj xk; ehBs nw/k dh /kkjk iznku djrh gS] mlh izdkj vki Hkh gesa{ks=ifr* ftl izdkj xk; ehBs nw/k dh /kkjk iznku djrh gS] mlh izdkj vki Hkh gesaehBs ?k`r ds ifo= ,oa ty dh e/kqj /kkjk iznku djsaAehBs ?k`r ds ifo= ,oa ty dh e/kqj /kkjk iznku djsaAehBs ?k`r ds ifo= ,oa ty dh e/kqj /kkjk iznku djsaAehBs ?k`r ds ifo= ,oa ty dh e/kqj /kkjk iznku djsaAehBs ?k`r ds ifo= ,oa ty dh e/kqj /kkjk iznku djsaA2727272727 ,d vU; eU= esa —’kdksa dhHkkouk O;Dr gksrh gS fd {ks=ifr gekjs fy, e/kqj cusaA gy vPNh rjg ls tksrus dk dk;Z djsaAcSyksa dks tq, ls ck¡/kus okyh jLlh vPNh rjg ls ck¡/kh tk;s vkSj dksM+s dk mfpr mi;ksx fd;ktk;sA2828282828 “kqu%”khj ls izkFkZuk djrs gq, dgk tkrk gS fd LoxZ esa ftl ty dks vkius mRiUu fd;kgS mlls gekjk lspu dhft,A gs lkSHkkX;orh lhrk ! gekjs ikl vkvks] ge rqEgkjh oUnuk djrsgSa] ftlls rqe gesa lkSHkkX; vkSj le`f) iznku djksA2929292929 ik¡posa e.My esa e#rksa dk vknku gS tksrst gok ds lkFk o`f’V iznku djrs gSa blh ds tkrus dk mYys[k gSA bl izdkj bu izkFkZukvksaesa —’kdksa dh Qlyksa dh lqj{kk] mUufr gsrq vkdqyrk Li’V fn[kkbZ ns jgh gSA lkFk Å¡ph uhphHkwfe dks lery djus dh ckr dgh x;h gSA3030303030 laHkor% ;g —’kdksa }kjk gy tkrus dk mYys[kgSA bl izdkj bu izkFkZukvksa esa —’kdksa dh Qlyksa dh lqj{kk] mUufr gsrq vkdqyrk Li’V fn[kkbZns jgh gSA

_XoSfnd —’kdksa us vUuHk.Mkj.k gsrq vUukxkjksa ds fuekZ.k fd;k gS ,slk izek.k ugha feyrkgSA ;|fi nwljs e.My esa /kkU; dksBkjksa dh ppkZ vk;h gSA vf/kdka”k —’kd ?kjksa esa gh vUu lax`ghrdjrs FksA bl vk/kkj ij ;g lkspk tk ldrk gS fd vf/k”ks’k mRiknu bruk vf/kd ugha Fkk fdvukt dk O;kikj fd;k tk;sA _Xosn esa /kkU; laxzg gsrq ^fLFkfo* “kCn dk iz;ksx feyrk gSA3131313131

_Xosn ds n”ke e.My esa _pkdkj dgrs gSa fd vius [kw¡Vksa ls [kqyus ij xk;sa mlh rjg nkSM+rh


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76

gSa tSls fLFkfo ls tkS fudyrk gSA3232323232 mnZje~3333333333 vkSj dnjZe~ Hkh /kkU; dksBkj ds vU; :i FksA3434343434 blesadgk x;k gS fd bUnz dks lksejl ls mlh izdkj ifjiw.kZ djks tSls /kkU; dksBkj dks TkkS ls ifjiw.kZfd;k tkrk gSA

laHkor% fLFkfo dk vkdkj csyukdkj gksrk Fkk rFkk mls [kksyus dk LFkku Åij dh vksjgksrk FkkA tc fd mnZje~ esa vukt ysus ds fy, uhps dh vksj fNnz fd;k tkrk FkkA ;s feV~Vhls cus gksrs Fks vkSj dbZ rjg dh eki ds gksrs FksA fofHkUu izdkj ds eVds] ?kM+s vkfn Hkh vUulaxzg.k ds dke vkrs FksA

—f’k dk;Z pw¡fd lEekuuh; dk;Z ekuk tkrk Fkk vr% —’kd vf/kdka”k dk;Z Lo;a rFkkvius ikfjokfjd lnL;ksa dh lgk;rk ls djrk FkkA3535353535 blds vfrfjDr tula[;k dk cgqla[;dHkkx Lo;a gh —f’k esa layXu Fkk blfy, [ksrksa ij ikfjJfed ysdj dk;Z djus okys —f’k-Jfed;k —f’knkl dk fu;kstu de gh gksrk gksxkA laHkor;k dqN gh yksx ,sls Fks ftUgsa Hkwfe-ghu dgktk ldrk Fkk ;k fQj dqN gh yksx ,sls Fks tks nwljs ds [ksrksa ij dk;Z djus ds fy, miYkC/k FksA3636363636

dqN fo}kuksa dk fopkj gS fd ikfjokfjd Hkw-lEifÙk ds fodkl ds lkFk-lkFk ikfjokfjd Je iwjku iM+us ij x`gLFkksa }kjk LorU= :i ls Jfedksa dk fu;kstu djuk vko”;d gks x;k gksxkA

lglzksa O;fDr;ksa dk Hkj.k-iks’k.k djus okyh moZjk Hkwfe3737373737 fu”p; gh vR;f/kd fo”kky{ks= esa jgh gksxh] blh vuqikr esa —f’k-Jfedksa dh vko”;drk gksxh] ftldh vkiwfrZ lxsdqVqEch ugha dj ikrs gksaxsA blh izlax esa nwljs e.My esa ^vflUou~* “kCn izkIr gksrk gSA3838383838 ^lh*/kkrq ¼ck¡/kuk½ ls fu’iUu flUou~* “kCn dk vFkZ esaM ;k ck¡/k cuk jgk O;fDr gSA fu”ks/kkRed vFkZesa dgk tk ldrk gS fd ,slk O;fDr tks vHkh esaM+ ck¡/kus ds dk;Z esa ugha yxk gS laHkor% ;g—f’k Jfedksa ds Hkkstukodk”k dh vksj ladsr gSA3939393939 blh eU= esa ihB ij yns cks> dh rjg c<+jgs /ku dks x`gLFkksa ds ?kjksa esa igq¡pkus dk mYys[k gS vkSj blh eU= esa x`gLFkksa }kjk iztktuksads chp Qly :ih iqf’V* ds vkoaVu dk Hkh mYys[k gqvk gSA Qlyksa dh <qykbZ] esM+ ck¡/kus vkfn—f’kdk;Z o flapkbZ gsrq ugjksa vkfn ds fuekZ.k ds fy, cM+h la[;k esa Jfedksa dk fu;kstuvko”;d FkkA4040404040

,sls —f’k-Jfedksa dk lzksr vk;ksZ a ,oa vuk;Ztuksa ds ;q) esa idM+s x;s yksx FksA _Xosnesa dgk x;k gS fd bUnz us v/ke nklo.kZ dks xqQkvksa esa jgus dks ck/; dj fn;kA4141414141 ik¡posa e.Myds ,d eU= esa vk;Z ds }kjk o”k esa yk;s tk jgs nkl dh ppkZ feyrh gSA4242424242 blds vfrfjDrjktkvksa }kjk nku esa fn;s x;s nkl Hkh —f’k dk;Z esa fu;ksftr fd;s tkrs jgs gksaxsA vkBosa e.Myesa ,d _f’k dh ppkZ gS ftlus fdlh jktk ls ,d lkS x/kksa] ,d lkS HksM+ks a rFkk ,d lkS nklksadk nku xzg.k fd;k FkkA4343434343 nklksa] x/kksa vkfn dk mi;ksx —f’k] <qykbZ vkfn ds vfrfjDr fdlhdk;Z ds fy, lEHko ugha gSA _Xosn esa iz;qDr —f’V dk vFkZ lk;.k us —f’k-nklknhu fd;kgSA4444444444 _Xosn esa dhuk”k gyokgs ds fy, iz;qDr gqvk gS rFkk Hkw-Lokeh ds fy, {ks=ifr “kCn dkiz;ksx gqvk gSA4545454545 eU=ksa esa Hkw-Lokeh rFkk Jfedksa dk i`Fkd~-i`Fkd~ o.kZu gSA Jfed —f’k dk;Zds cnys Hkw-Lokeh ls lqfo/kk;sa izkIr djrk gSA4646464646 {ks=ifr vkSj dhuk”k ds o.kZu ls Hkh ;g Li’Vgksrk gS fd Hkw-Lokeh Lo;a —f’k u djds Hkwnklksa ds Je dk mi;ksx djrs FksA4747474747


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77

iknfVIi.khiknfVIi.khiknfVIi.khiknfVIi.khiknfVIi.kh1- pkbYM ohŒ thŒ] vksYM oYMZ izh fgLVªh fu;kfyfFkd] 1952] ,Œ ,yŒ Økscj

lEikfnr bUFkzksikykth VqMs esa] i`’B la[;k 193] f”kdkxks ;qfuoflZVh izSl] f”kdkxksA2- ik.Ms; tsŒ ,uŒ iqjkrRo foe’kZA3- etwenkj ,oa xksiky “kj.k] izkxSfrgkl] i`’B & 1164- fLeFk chŒ ,Œ] vyhZ fgLVŒh vkWQ bf.M;k] vkdlQksMZ] 19195- xkMZu pkbYM ohŒ] n vk;ZUl] yUnu] 19246- dkSlkEch MhŒ MhŒ] ,u bUVªksMDD’ku Vw n LVMh vkWQ bf.M;u fgLVªh cEcbZ] 1975]

i`’B la[;k & 80] n dYpj ,.M flfoykbts”ku vkWQ ,U”;sUV bf.M;k bufgLVkfjdy vkmV ykbu] ubZ fnYyh] 1983] i`’B & 76

7- “kekZ vkjŒ ,lŒ] eSVsfjy dYpj ,.M lks”ky QkesZ”ku bu ,U”;sUV bf.M;k fnYyh]1983] i`’B & 22&25

8- Fkkij jksfeyk] yhust Vw LVsV] fnYyh 1984] i`’B & 239- tk;olky lqohjk] LVªSfVfQds”ku bu _XoSfnd lkslk;Vh] bfoMsUl ,.M iSjkMkbEl]

bf.M;u fgLVkfjdy fjO;w] 16]1&2] i`’B & 8&910- uUnh vkjŒ ,uŒ ,uFkzksikykWth ,.M LVMh vkWQ _Xosn vkbZŒ ,pŒ vkjŒ] 1&2 i`’B & 153&165] vkfdZ;kykWth ,.M n _Xosn] vkbZ ,pŒ vkjŒ 16-1&2] i`’B &11- Bkdqj ohŒ dsŒ lEikfnr ihtsUVl bu bf.M;u fgLVªh Hkkx & 1] i`’B &123&149]

dUlVªfDVax n ihtsUV lkslk;Vh vkWQ n _Xosn] bf.M;u] fgLVªh dkaxzsl] 52 vf/kos”ku]1991&92] i`’B & 56&57

12- flag Hkxoku] gM+Iik lH;rk vkSj oSfnd lkfgR; i`’B & 95&101] 364&389 vkfnA13- uUnh vkjŒ ,uŒ vkfdZ;ksykWth ,.M _Xosn] i`’B & 4314- vkjŒ ,uŒ uUnh _XoSfnd lekt ,d iqufoZpkj&bfrgkl i`’B & 7115- flag Hkxoku] flU/kq lH;rk ,oa oSfnd lkfgR;] i`’B& 8716- flag Hkxoku] flU/kq lH;rk ,oa oSfnd lkfgR; i`’B & 9717- _Xosn 10-33-13- lR;dsrq fo|kyadkj] Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dk oSfnd ;qx] i`’B & 130]

MkWŒ ljkst nh{kk fo|kyadkj] oSfnd lafgrkvksa esa fofo/k fo/kk;sa] laŒ —’.kyky i’B 236AÞv{ksekZ nhO; —f’kfeR—.kqLo foÙks jeLo cgqeU;eku%Ar= xko% fdro r= tk;k rUes fop’Vs lfork;e;Z%AAß

18- lR;dsrq fo|kyadkj Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dk oSfnd ;qx i`’B & 23319- Þ{ks=L; irs e/kqeUrewfrZ /ksuqfjoi;ks vLeklq /kq{okA

{ks=L; ifreZ/kqeku~ uks vLRofj’;Urks vUosua pjse~AAß_Xosn & 4-57-1&8

20- lR;dsrq fo|kyadkj Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dk oSfnd ;qx i`’B & 23221- _Xosn & 7-19-1] 4-21-3] 8-18-322- _Xosn & 4-47-7


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78

23- _Xosn & 2-13-724- _Xosn & 2-13-625- “kqua u% Qkyk fod`”kUrq Hkwfea “kqua dhuk”kk vfHk;Urq okgS%A

“kqua itZU;ks e/kquk i;ksfHk% “kquklhjk “kqueLeklq /kÙke~AA _Xosn & 4-57-826- v¸;j ,Œ dsŒ ;Kijk;.k] ,xzhdYpj ,.M ,ykbM vkVZ~l bu oSfnd bf.M;k] i`’B& 13

m}”r & yky&vPNss yky] izkphu Hkkjr esa —f’k] i`’B & 4027- Þ{ks=L; irs e/kqeUrewfrZ /ksuqfjoi;ks vLeklq /kq{okA

{ks=L; ifreZ/kqeku~ uks vLRofj’;Urks vUosua pjse~AAß _Xosn & 4-57-1&828- “kqu% okgk% “kqua uj% —’krq yk³~xye~ “kqua oL=kcU/;Urka “kque’Vªeqfn³~eAA _Xosn&4-57-429- vokZph lqHkxsHko lhrs oUnkegs RokA ;Fkk u% lqQyklflAA _Xosn & 4-57-630- lek% HkoUrq m)rks fuiknk%AA & _Xosn & 5-83-731- c`gLifr% ioZrsH;ks forw;kZ fuxkZ Åis ;ofeoa fLFkfoH;%AA & _Xosn & 10-68-332- ;sH;ks ekrk e/kqer~ fiUcrs i;% fi;w’ka |kSjfnfrjfnzcgkZ%A

mDFk”kq’eku~ o`’kHkjku~ rRLoizlLrka vkfnR;ka vuqenk LoLr;sAA _Xosn & 10-63-333- rewnZja u i`”krk ;osusUnza lksesfHkLrniks oks vLrqAA _Xosn & 2-14-1134- fu#Dr & 3-20] oSfnd lafgrkvksa ds fofo/k fo/kk;sa] lEiknd —’.kyky&vkys[k

MhŒ dsŒ “kkL=h oSfnd —f’k ,oa mit] i`’B & 21835- dsŒ ,eŒ lju] yscj bu ,a’;sVu bf.M;k] i‘“B 35] ihŒ lhŒ tSu] i`’B & 34&3536- dsŒ ,eŒ lju] yscj bu ,a”;sVu bf.M;k] ihŒ lhŒ tSu] i`’B & 3637- lglzHkjemoZjklke~A & _Xosn & 6-20-138- vflEoe~ n`’VS% firqjfÙk Hkstua ;Lrk—’.kks% izFkea lkL;qDF;%AA _Xosn & 2-13-439- iztkH;% iqf’V foHktUr vklrs] jf;feo i`’Ba izHkoUrek;rsAA _Xosn & 2-13-440- vkjŒ ,uŒ uUnh _XoSfnd lekt ,d iqufoZpkj&bfrgkl i`’B & 8241- ;susek fo”oP;ouk d‘rkfu ;ks nkla o.kZe/kja xqgkd%AA _Xosn & 2-12-442- ;Fkko’ka u;fr nkkek;Z%AA & _Xosn & 5-34-643- “kra es xnZHkuka “krew.kkZorhuke~] “kra nklka vfr lt%AA _Xosn & 8-56-344- _Xosn & 4-18-345- _Xosn & 4-57-346- {ks=L; ifruk o;a fgruSot;keflA

xke”oa iks”kf;Rok la uks e”ykrhn`”kksAA & _Xosn & 4-57-147- —’.k yky laiknd] oSfnd lafgrkvksa esa fofo/k fo/kk;sa] MhŒ dsŒ “kkL=h oSfnd —f’k

,oa mit] i`’B & 216&217


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79

d”ehj foospud”ehj foospud”ehj foospud”ehj foospud”ehj foospu

“kkjnkns”k ls ysdj vk/kqfud ifjos”k rd“kkjnkns”k ls ysdj vk/kqfud ifjos”k rd“kkjnkns”k ls ysdj vk/kqfud ifjos”k rd“kkjnkns”k ls ysdj vk/kqfud ifjos”k rd“kkjnkns”k ls ysdj vk/kqfud ifjos”k rdMkW- jkts’k ‘kekZ]

vflLVsaV çksQslj jktdh; efgyk egkfo|ky;

ijsM] tEewA

iq#’k cfy ufg gksr gS] le; gksr cyckuAiq#’k cfy ufg gksr gS] le; gksr cyckuAiq#’k cfy ufg gksr gS] le; gksr cyckuAiq#’k cfy ufg gksr gS] le; gksr cyckuAiq#’k cfy ufg gksr gS] le; gksr cyckuAfHkYyUu ywVh xksfi;ka] oS vtZqu oS okuAAfHkYyUu ywVh xksfi;ka] oS vtZqu oS okuAAfHkYyUu ywVh xksfi;ka] oS vtZqu oS okuAAfHkYyUu ywVh xksfi;ka] oS vtZqu oS okuAAfHkYyUu ywVh xksfi;ka] oS vtZqu oS okuAA

le; lokZf/kd cyoku gksrk gSA le; ds FkisM+ ls ekuo rks D;k] tho&tUrq ,oa Hkwfeesa Hkh ifjorZu gks tkrk gSA blh le; dh cyoÙkk dk izHkko d”ehj dh /kjrh ij ns[kk tkldrk gS fd izkphu Hkkjr esa “kkjnkns”k uke ls izfl) d”ehj esa dHkh ljLorh dh xaxk cgkdjrh FkhA eEeV] dYg.k] foYg.k] tYg.k- ea[kd] vfHkuoxqIr] {ksejkt] tksujkt] Jhoj]“kqd] {ksesUnz] vkfn egkdfo;ks a dh ok.kh ls iwjk Hkkjr gh ugha] fo”o Hkh izHkkfor gqvk ,oa vkxsHkh gksrk jgsxkA ijUrq vkt ifjfLFkfr ;g gS fd d”Ekhj esa eka “kkjnk dk efUnj le; dh/kwy esa ?kwy/kwlfjr gks x;k gSA dHkh blh efUnj esa Jhg’kZ ln`”k fo}n~tu viuh d`fr dhmÙkerk dk ijh{k.k djus dks ck/; Fks] ysfdu vkt blh /kjrh ij vkardokfn;ks a dks nhf{krfd;k tkrk gSA ljdkj cscl gSA vkt dye dh izklkafxdrk d”ehj esa lekIr izk; gS] cUnwddh izklafxdrk gh fo|eku fn[krh gSA

d”ehj ds jktuhfrd bfrgkl ij dqN xzUFk fy[ksa x, gS ftuesa izeq[k gS&^^jktrjafx.khlaLd‘r lkfgR; esa miyC/k jktrjafx.kh esa d”ehj ds jktkvksa dk Øfed mYys[k izkIr gksrk gSAftl izdkj unh ;k leqnz esa ,d ds ckn nwljh rjax vkrh gS mlh izdkj d”ehj esa “kklu djusokys ,d ds ckn nwljs] nwljs ds ckn rhljs :i esa Øe”k% ftu&ftu jktkvksa us “kklu fd;kFkk muds lkfgfR;d] jktuSfrd] lkekftd ,oa mudks foykflrk dk fooj.k jktrjafx.kh esamiy//k gksrk gSA ;fn izkjfEHkd d”ehj dh >kadh j[kh tk,] rks ;gh izrhfr gksrk gS fdizkphudky esa jktkvks dh mÙkerk ns[krs gh curh Fkh] ijUrq eg/;dky rd vkrs&vkrs jktkyksx LokFkaZ yksywi gks x,A fnn~nk tSlh jkfu;ksa us fL=;ksfpr dÙkaO;ksa dh cfy nsdj Øwjrk dkuaxk ukp [ksykA

lEiw.kZ fooj.k dks] jktrjafx.kh tks fd izkphu dky ls vk/kqfud dky rd de”k%dYg.k] tksujkt] Jhoj ,oa “kqd }kjk fojfpr gS] esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA laLd`r lkfgR; esaizeq[k pkj egkdfo;ksa }kjk fyf[kr jktrjafx.k;ksa dk o.kZu feyrk gSA izFke dYg.kd`rjktrjafx.kh] f}rh; tksujktd`r jktrjafx.kh] r`rh; Jhojjfpr jktrjafx.kh rFkk prqFkZegkdfo “kqd }jk jfpr jktrjafx.khA bu jktrjafx.k;ksa esa izkphu Hkkjr ls ysdj e/;dky rdrFkk e/;dky ls vk/kqfud dkyi;ZUr d”ehj dh jktuSfrd ,oa lkaLd`frd dk mYys[k feyrkgSA


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80

eqxy jktkvksa ds “kkludky lu~ ƒ……ˆ lu~ ƒ††ˆ bZŒ esa d”ehj dh iztk dks /kkfeZd]vkfFkZd] “kkjhfjd vkfn mRihM+uksa&”kks’k.kksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+k FkkA ml le; d”ehj e.MyefUnjksa ds u’V gksus ds dkj.k [k.Mgjksa dk izns”k cu x;k FkkA rc jktk tSuqykcnhu gh ,d,slk viokn Fkk ftlds yEcs jkT;dky esa d”ehj e.My dks “kkafr ds n”kZu gq,A ml le;jktnjckj esa ;g iz”u mBk fd d”ehj ds izkphu&jktkvksa dk bfrgkl izLrqr fd;k tk, rkfdt;flag vkfn jktk foLe`fr ds lkxj esa u Mwc tk,a A rc mu jktkvksa ij d:.kk dj] mudsm)kj dh bPNk ls tksujkt us Lojfpr d`fr jktrjafx.kh esa jktk t;flag ls ysdj dksVk jkuhrd ds fgUnw jktkvksa dk bfrgkl fyfic) fd;k 11111 tks eSa tgka lf{kIr :is.k izLrqr dj jgkgw ¡A

tlflag us lu~ ƒƒ„Šls ƒƒ‡‡ bZŒ rd d”ehj e.My esa jkT; fd;kA dYg.k t;flagds izR;{k nz’Vk FksA mudh jktrjafx.kh esa fooj.k feyrk gS fd tc lqLly ds ?kj ckydt;flag dk tUe gqvk rHkh ls lqLLy ;q} Hkwfe esa fot; izkIr djus yxsA 22222 t;flag ,d{kek”khy] izrkih] mnkjgn; ,oa iztkikyd jktk FksA mUgkss aus fons”kh eqlyekuksa dh o‘f} dksjksdus ds fy, Hkkjrh; jktkvksa dk ,d la?k Hkh cuk;k FkkA

t;falg ds i”pkr~ mudk iq= ijek.kqd jktx}h ij cSBkA 33333 ijUrq dfo us nq%[k izdVfd;k gS fd ijek.kqd us vius jkT;dky esa jktksfpr deZ ,oa fnfXot; dks R;kx dj dsoy/ku lap; djuk izkjEHk fd;kA rnqijkUr oafrnso dks ijek.kqd dk csVk crk;k x;kA ftlds“kklu&dky ds fo’k; esa dfo us dqN u fy[kdj dsoy ,d “yksd esa mldh e`R;q dk o.kZudj mlds bfrgkl dks lekIr dj fn;kA 44444 rRi”pkr~ cksinso dks d”ehj dh iztk us jktk cuk;kftUgksaus … o’kZ jkT; fd;kA rnqijkUr tksujkt us oksinso ds HkkbZ tLld ds jkT; dk o.kZufd;k gS fd mlds “kklu esa yoU;ksa dk gh oLrqr% izHkqRo pyrk FkkA

tLld dh e‘R;ksijkUr mudk csVk txnso yksdfiz; jktk gq,A mlds jktk curs gksjkT; dh nqO;ZoLFkk dks nwj djus dk iz;kl fd;kA muds jkT;dky esa u, efUnjksa dk fuekZ.kgqvk ijUrq fons”kh ‘kM~;U=dkfj;ksa }kjk jktk dks }kjifr i| us xqIr :Ik ls fo’k nsdj ejokfn;kA 55555 rRi”pkr~ jktnso dks jktk cuk;k x;kA jktnso ds “kkludky esa tc ygj ds jktkcykn;pUnz us Jhuxj ij vkØe.k djds vk/ks Jhuxj ij vf/kdkj dj fy;k rc jktk jktnsous ;q} djds d”ehj ij okfil viuk jkT; izkIr fd;kA

jktnso dh e‘R;ksijkUr mlls csVs laxzkenso us d”ehj ij “kklu fd;kA ftUgksaus viusdky esa xkS ,oa czkgk.kksa ds fy, „ƒ “kkyk,a cuok;haA rHkh vUr le; esa dYg.ko”kat tks jktkds }s’kh Fks]

mUgksaus jktk laxzkenso dh gR;k dj nhA rRi”pkr~ jkenso us dYg.koajktksa a dks ekjdjvius firk laxzkenso dh e‘R;q dk cnyk fy;kA blh rjg Øe”k% y{enso 66666] flagnso]lwgnsofjpu mn;unso us d”ehj ij “kklu fd;kA


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81

y{enso jkenso dk nÙkd iq= FkkA {kf=; cuus ij Hkh mlus Lo/keZ czkgk.k /keZ dk R;kxugha fd;kA77777 tksujkt us y{enso ds 13 o’kksZ a dk ¼lu~1273&1286bZŒ½ o.kZu dsoy ik¡p “yksdksaesa fd;k gSA y{enso ds jkT;dky esa rqdhZ dTty ds vkØe.k dk o.kZu gSA y{enso 13 o’kZ]rhu ekl] ckgj fnu rd jkT; Hkksx dj ykSfdd laor~ 4362 esa LoxZ fl/kkjkA88888

y{enso dh e‘R;q ds i”pkr~ flagnso jktk cukA og leLr d”ehj dk “kkld u gksdjek= ysnjh izkUr dk jktk FkkA99999 flagnso Lo;a dfo Fkk ,oa f”ko dk mikld FkkA jktk flagnsodks nwjkpkjh thou O;rhr djus ds dkj.k n;Z uked O;fDr us ekj fn;kA flagnso us 14 o’kZ]5 ekl lÙkkbl fnu rd jkT; fd;k FkkA1010101010

lwgnso jktk flagnso dk HkkbZ FkkA lwgnso ds jkT;dky esa cgqr ls fonsf”k;ksa rFkk“kkgehj us o`fÙkfyIlk ds dkj.k d”ehj esa izos”k fd;kA tks ckj esa d”ehj dk izFke eqfLyelqYrku gqvkA rRi”pkr~ nqYp vkSj fjpu us d”ehj esa izos”k fd;kA ns”k dk uk”k djds nqYpus d”ehj dk ifjR;kx dj fn;k FkkA nqYp ds i”pkr~ fjapu izHkko”kkyh gks x;kA nqYp ls eqDrgksus ij Hkh jktk lwgnso fjpu ls Lok/khurk izkIr ugha dj ldk A jkepUnz us fons”kh fjpu dkizcy izfrjks/k fd;kA fjpu us ‘kM~;U= dk vkJ; ysdj jkepUnz dks ekSr ds ?kkV mrkj djmldh iq=h dksVknsoh ls fookg dj fy;k ,oa lwgnso dks Hkxkdj jkT; gfFk;k fy;kA lwgnsous 19 o’kZ] rhu ekl ,oa 25 fnu rd jkT; fd;k FkkA1111111111

tksujkt d”ehj dh QwV dk o.kZu djrs gSa fd lwgnso us fons”k ls vk;s “kfDr”kkyhfjapu dk lkeuk dj mls ns”k ls fudkyus dk iz;kl ugha fd;k FkkA ;fn ml le; lwgnso]nqYp] fjapu ,oa “kkgehj dks ns”k ls fudky nsrk rks d”ehj ds fgUnw jktoa”k dk vuk;kl yksiu gks tkrk D;ksafd ml le; fjapu thou&j{kk ds fy, ldqVqEc vk;k gqvk Fkk ,oa lSfud n`f’Vls Hkh “kfDr”kkyh ugha FkkA

fjapu HkkSV~V FkkA1212121212 og d”ehj esa “kj.kkFkhZ cudj vk;k Fkk ysfdu Hksnuhfr ,oafo”okl?kkrkfn dk vkJ; ysdj d”ehj dk “kklu cu x;k FkkA fjapu HkkSV~V gksus ds dkj.k“kSo/keZ esa nhf{kr gksuk pkgrk FkkA ijUrq mls ;g volj ugha fn;k x;kA lEHkor% og bLyke/keZ esa nhf{kr gks x;k Fkk ijUrq tksujkt us bldh ppkZ ugha dh gSA1313131313 fjapu ds }kjk uxj fuekZ.kdk o.kZu Hkh feyrk gSA fjapu dh e`R;q ykSfdd laor~ 4399 ¼lu~ 1323 bZŒ½ esa gqbZ FkhA mlus3 o’kZ] 1 fnu] 2 ekl d”ehj jkT; ij “kklu fd;k FkkA1414141414

fjapu dh e‘R;q ds ckn mn;unso us d”ehj dh Hkwfe dk Hkkj laHkkyk ijUrq og ,ddq”ky “kkld izekf.kr ugha gqvkA og /keZ dh vksj vf/kd izo‘Ùk Fkk vkSj viuk vf/kd le;iwtk&ikB esa fcrkrk FkkA rFkk jktdks”k dk mi;ksx lSU;&”kfDr dh o‘f} ds LFkku ij /kkfeZddk;ksZ a ij djrk FkkA

mlds jkT;dky esa d”ehj jkT; izkIr djus ds fy, “kkgehj us usr`Ro esa rsth ls‘kM~;U= pyk FkkA rRdkyhu ?kVukvksa dks mn;unso le> ugha ldkA vr% og “kgehj dslqfu;ksftr tky esa Qalrk x;kA mn;unso ds le; tc jktuhfrd O;oLFkk Hkz’V gks jgh FkhArc vpy us viuh lsuk ds lkFk fcuk vojks/k d”ehj esa izos”k fd;kAjktk mn;unso jDrikr


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82

ugha pkgrk FkkA viuh vfgald uhfr ds dkj.k mlus vpy dk fojk/k ugha fd;k vkSj Hk; lsHkkSV~V ns”k pyk x;kA dksVk nsoh dk lkeuhfr }kjk vpy ds okfil ykSV tkus ij mn;unsoiqu% d”ehj ykSV vk;kA “kkgehj us tks QUnk QSyk;k Fkk og fldqM+rk&fldqM+rk l[r gksrkx;k] ftlds ifj.kke Lo:Ik d”ehj jkT; dh fLFkfr n;uh; gksrh x;hA mn;unso dh jkT;O;oLFkk VwV xbZA vr% lEor~ 4414 dks mn;unso us “kkgehj ds Li”kZ ls i`Foh dks R;kx fn;kA1515151515

rnqijkUr mn;unso dh e‘R;q ds ckn jkT; esa vjktdrk QSy xbZ ,o fgUnw jktuhfrdO;oLFkk gh myV x;h A rc fons”kh “kkgehj }kjk jkT; xzg.k ds Mj ls dksVk nsoh us viusifr dh e‘R;q dh ckr dks pkj fnu rd Nqikdj vius prqj O;fDRo dk ifjp; fn;kAtksujkt us dksVkjkuh dks prqj jktuhfrKk] ohj lSU;lapkfydk] vfHkukjh fpf=r fd;k gSA ukjhdk ,slk pfj= fo”o esa nqyZHk gh gSAjktuhfrd n‘f’V ls mlus lkeuhfr dks viuk;kA dksVk nsohdh jktuhfrKrk dk mnkgj.k rc feyrk gS tc mn;unso vpy ds Mj ls HkkSV~V ns”k pyk x;krks mldh vuqifLFkfr esa dksVk us [ksfjpu uke ds HkkSV~V O;fDr dks jktin ij vf/kf’Br fd;kAjktuhfrd n‘f’V ls mlus lkeuhfr dks miuk;k1616161616A dksVknsoh jkT; la?kVu ds dk;Z esa izo‘ÙkFkhA mlus “kkgehj dh “kfDr dks {kh.k djus ds fy, HkV~VfHk{k.k dks eU=h cuk;kA

HkV~VfHk{k.k dks “kkgehj viuk “k=q le>us yxk] “kkgehj us Ny ls mldh gR;k djnhA1717171717 HkV~VfHk{k.k dh e`R;q ds i”pkr~ dksVknsoh us dqekjHkV~V dks eU=h cuk;kA dqekjHkV~V }kjkdksVk dks cUnhx`g ls eqDr djkus ds dk;Z ls izekf.kr gkrk gS fd dksVk dk efU=p;u mfprFkkA dksVkjkuh us HkV~VfHk{k.k dks ekjus ds vijk/k esa “kkgehj dks n.M nsuk pkgk ijUrq jkuh dsefU=;ksa us tks “kkgehj ds ‘kM~;U= esa lfEefyr Fks] “kkgehj dks cUnh ugha cukus fn;k vU;Fkkog mldks lekIr dj d”ehj ds bfrgkl dks cny ldrh FkhA tc dk;Zo”kkr~ dksVk jkuht;kihM+iqj esa xbZ Fkh rks “kkgehj us Jhuxj ij vf/kdkj dj fy;k rRi”pkr~ mlus dksV }kjdks vo:) dj fn;kA ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd “kkgehj ds ncko esa vkdj dksVkjkuh us mllsfookg fd;k ijUrq mlus nwljs gh fnu cUnh cuk fy;kA rFkk vUr esa dksVknsoh iUnzgosa o’kZ dsJko.k “kqDy n”keh frfFk ¼1339 bZŒ½ esa LoxZ fl/kkj xbZA1818181818

vr% Li’V gS fd dksVkjkuh dh vlQyrk dk jgL; d”ehj fuokfl;ksa dh dk;jrk]ijLifjd oSeuL;] le; dh xfr ds ihNs jguk gSA ;fn lsuk gh ugha yM+uk pkgs rks dksbZlsukifr pkgs og fdruk gh cM+k lSU;&lapkyu&fuiq.k D;ksa u gks] D;k dj ldrk gSA ;gh ckrdksVkjkuh ds fo’k; esa feyrh gSA bldk lcls cM+k izek.k ;g gS fd mlds yksi gksrs gh] tSlsd”ehj fuokfl;ksa dh ns”k&HkfDr] ohjrk vkfn lcdk yksi gks x;kA ,d O;fDr Hkh ns”k esafons”kh lÙkk ds LFkkfir gksus ds fo#) vkokt+ ugha mBk ldkA

fu’d’kZ :Ik ls ge dg ldrs gSa fd bl d”ehj esa vkt rd dbZ jktkvksa us jkT; fd;kijUrq vkt ;fn iqu% mls “kkjnkns”k dh LFkkiuk djuh gS;k dgsa fd iqu% d”ehj dks /kjrh dkLoxZ cukuk gS rks fQj ls ljLorh dk ukn okfn;ksa esa ykuk gh iM+sxkA cUnwd dh vis{kk] dye


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83

dh cksyh dks vkokt+ nsuh gh iM+sxhA “kk;n le; us fQj djoV cnyh gS] “kk;n rHkh d”ehj lsHkkjrh; lkaLd`frd&fojklr cukus ,oa mldh izkphurk dks v{kq..k j[kus ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkjfofo/k dne mBk jgh gS] tks fd ljdkj ds ewd ;k izR;{k izek.kksa es n`f’Vxkspj Hkh gks jgs gSaA

ikn fViI.khikn fViI.khikn fViI.khikn fViI.khikn fViI.kh1 tksuŒ jktŒ] ƒ0 2 jkt] Š- „…Š&…‹3 tksŒ jktŒ] …Š 4 jktŒ] †‹5 tksŒ jktŒ] ‰† 6 Jhoj jktŒ] ƒƒ†7 JhojŒ jktŒ] 114 8 forLrk;kLrVs “oJweBksikUrs eBa uoe~A tksuŒ jkŒ rŒ] 1159 flagnso&rf.ko ukjk;.k dkSy rFkk ogkfjlrku “kkgh ls izdV gksrk gS fd flagnso y{enso dk iq= FkkA ijUrqbl er ds leFkZ esa tksujkt us dksbZ izek.k mifLFkfr ugha fd;k gS] firk ds i”pkr~ iq= jkT; xzg.k djrk gSAy{e ,oa flag nksuksa ukeksa ds vUr esa ^nso** gSA blh lH;rk ds vk/kkj ij] Qkjlh bfrgkldkjksa us jkenso y[kensodk iq= Fkk&;g vuqeku dj fu’d’kZ fudkyk gS& tksŒ jkŒ rŒ] Hkk’;dkj j?kqukFk flag] i‘Œ 67 ls mn~/k~r10 prqnZ”kCnku~ ‘k.eklkaL=~;gU;wukUeghifr%A HkwRok “kqpkS fnoexkR; o’ksZ lIrlIrrsAA tksŒ jkŒ rŒ] 12911 tksŒ jkŒ rŒ] 17312 HkkSV~V&frCcr rFkk yn~nk[k esa jgus okyksa dks HkkSV~V dgk tkrk FkkA tks-jk-r-] i`- 89 ls mn~/kr ¼Hkk’;½13 cgkfjLrku “kkgh esa fjapu ds /keZ ifjorZu dk mYys[k feyrk gS i`’B 72 ¼Hkk’;dkj Jhd.BdkSy½14 tksuŒ jktŒ] i`‘B 22015 &ogh&] i‘Œ 26316 dksVknsoh }kjk vpy ls le>kSrk djus dh ckr ls lkeuhfr O;Dr gksrh gSA i`‘B 258 ¼HkkO;dkjj?kqUkkFk flag½17 tksuŒ jktŒ]i‘’B 274&278 18 &ogh&] i`’B 306


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84

egkdfo ek?k dk uhfrdyk lEcUèkh foe'kZegkdfo ek?k dk uhfrdyk lEcUèkh foe'kZegkdfo ek?k dk uhfrdyk lEcUèkh foe'kZegkdfo ek?k dk uhfrdyk lEcUèkh foe'kZegkdfo ek?k dk uhfrdyk lEcUèkh foe'kZ

iwue 'kekZiwue 'kekZiwue 'kekZiwue 'kekZiwue 'kekZ'kksèkPNk=k] laLÑr foHkkx]tEew fo'ofo|ky;] tEew

pkSalB dykvksa esa ßuhfrdykÞ Hkh ifjx`ghr gksrh gSA dekZJ;k] |wrkJ;k] 'k;uksipkfjdk,oa mÙkjdyk :i esa foHkDr okRL;k;ujfpr dkelw= esa uhfrdyk] |wrkJ;k dyk ds vUrxZru;Ku ds :i esa lekfgr feyrh gSA1 okLro esa ftu fu;eksa dks viukdj ekuo viukmfpr&vuqfpr vPNk&cqjk ns[k lds rFkk ftu fu;eksa dks viukdj og ,d vkn'kZ çk.kh cus],sls gh fu;eksa dks uhfr* 'kCn ls O;oâr fd;k tkrk gSA uhfr dk lkekU; vFkZ jhfr* ;k vknrHkh gksrk gSA ûhfr* ûhfr* ûhfr* ûhfr* ûhfr* dk bafXy'k lekukFkZd 'kCn ,fFkDl Êthics***** gSA ,fFkDl dks ^Moral

Philosophy* Hkh dgrs gSaA ekWjy*êkWjy*êkWjy*êkWjy*êkWjy* 'kCn dh O;qRifÙk ySfVu 'kCn Mores* ls gS ftldk vFkZHkh jhfr ;k vknr gSA bl çdkj uhfr vPNs rFkk cqjs&O;ogkj esa vfHkO;Dr ekuo dk pfj= gS]ftlls ekuo dk fgr gksrk gSA Li"V gS fd gekjs çkphu _f"k&eqfu;ksa us yksd thou dks minsf'krdjus ds fy, tks fu;e cuk, ogh fu;e uhfr;ksa ds :i esa ifjxf.kr gq,A ftudks viukdjvkt Hkh euq"; viuh nSufUnuh lqpk: <ax ls lEiUu dj ikus esa leFkZ gks çeq[k gSa & euq];kKoYD;] vf=] ijk'kj ,oa O;klA O;kl ds lkFk&lkFk egf"kZ okYehfd us Hkh jkek;.k esa ,slhuhfr;ksa dks vfUor fd;k gS] ftudk çHkko egkdfo ek?k ds dkO; esa v{kj'k% ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

laLÑr lkfgR; esa vusdkusd egkdfo;ksa us euq"; ds thou dks minsf'kr djus ds fy,vusdkusd mins'k fn, ftlesa egkdfo ek?k dk uke Hkh vxz.kh; gS] mUgksaus Hkh vius egkdkO;^f'k'kqikyoèk*f'k'kqikyoèk*f'k'kqikyoèk*f'k'kqikyoèk*f'k'kqikyoèk* esa m)o rFkk cyjke }kjk minsf'kr vusd uhfrlaxr mins'k fn, f'k'kqikyoèkegkdkO; dk çsj.kklzksr eq[;r% Jhen~Hkkxor gS rFkk xkS.k:i ls egkHkkjr gSA f'k'kqikyoèk esaHkh JhÑ".k us viuh cqvk ls f'k'kqiky ds lkS vijkèk {kek djus dh uhfr j[kdj ,d lkS ,dosavijkèk esa {keknku u nsus dh vHkhIlk j[krs gSaA2 ukjn th }kjdk esa JhÑ".k Hkxoku ds iklièkkjdj nq"Vksa ds oèk ds fy, çsj.kk nsrs gSaA blds vuUrj ;fèkf"Bj }kjk fd, tkus okys jktlw;;K esa rFkk f'k'kqiky ds ekjus ds fy, psfnn'k esa tkus ds fy, cyjke rFkk m)o JhÑ".kHkxoku dks eU=.kk ds :i esa dbZ uhfrijd opu dgrs gSa os dgrs gSa fd midkj djus okys 'k=qds lkFk lfUèk vFkkZr~ feyki djuk pkfg, fdUrq tks fe= vidkj djs mlds lkFk ugha bl dkj.kfe= rFkk 'k=q midkj rFkk vidkj dks yf{kr djds gh lfUèk djuh pkfg,3 rFkk ifjHko gksusij {kek djuk mfpr ugha D;ksafd tks O;fDr 'k=q ds vieku ls nq[kh gksus okyh nq%[k ls lUrIrgksdj Hkh fufUnr thou fcrkrk gS rks ekrk dks Dys'k nsus okys ml tUe ls e`R;q çkIr djuk BhdgSA ;Fkk&

ekthou ;k ijkoKknq%[knXèkks·fi thofrAekthou ;k ijkoKknq%[knXèkks·fi thofrAekthou ;k ijkoKknq%[knXèkks·fi thofrAekthou ;k ijkoKknq%[knXèkks·fi thofrAekthou ;k ijkoKknq%[knXèkks·fi thofrArL;ktusfujsokLrq tuuhDys'kdkfj.k%AArL;ktusfujsokLrq tuuhDys'kdkfj.k%AArL;ktusfujsokLrq tuuhDys'kdkfj.k%AArL;ktusfujsokLrq tuuhDys'kdkfj.k%AArL;ktusfujsokLrq tuuhDys'kdkfj.k%AA4


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85

'kkUr jgus okys euq"; ds fo"k; esa o.kZu djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd ,slh èkwfy tks fd iSj lsvkgr gksus ds ckn vkgr djus okys euq"; ds flj ij p<+ tkrh gS og èkwfy vieku gksus ijHkh 'kkUr jgus okys ,sls euq"; ls dgha T+;knk vPNh gS5 bldk mnkgj.k pUæek gS tgk¡ ,d lkvijkèk gksus ds ckn Hkh jkgq pUæek dks lw;Z ls igys xzl ysrk gS D;ksafd pUæek 'kkUr gksrk gSA6

m)o th ds }kjk crykrs gq, egkdfo ek?k us rh{.k cqf) dk cgqr lqUnj o.kZu fd;k gSog dgrs gSa fd rhoz cqf) okys tu ck.k ds leku ckgj ls FkksM+k Li'kZ djds cgqr vUnj rd?kql tkrs gSa blds foijhr LFkwy cqf) okyk O;fDr iRFkj ds leku dsoy ckgj ls gh T+;knk Li'kZdj ikrk gS7 ew[kZ O;fDr ds fo"k; esa dgrs gSa fd ew[kZ O;fDr ,d NksVk lk dk;Z vkjEHk djus dsmijkUr cgqr vfèkd O;kdqy gks tkrs gSa] fdUrq cqf)eku O;fDr cM+s&cM+s dk;Z djus ds mijkUrHkh fujkdqy jgrs gSaA8

egkdfo ek?k tgk¡ ew[kZ ,oa rh{.k cqf) okys O;fDr esa vUrj djrs gSa ogha og lkR;fd}kjk f'k'kqiky ds nks"kksa dk o.kZu djrs gq, rFkk QVdkjrs gq, lTtu rFkk nqtZu O;fDr esa vUrjdjrs gq, dgrs gSa fd tks rqPN O;fDr gksrs gSa mudk ân; vR;Ur rqPN gksrk gS ;k NksVk gksrk gS,sls O;fDr rn~ur vFkkZr~ ân; esa fLFkr vfç; dks 'kh?kz gh ckgj fudky nsrs gSa blds foijhrtks lTtu ;k fo}ku gksrs gSa ,sls euh"kh O;fDr ân; esa fLFkr vfç; dks Hkhrj gh ipk Mkyrs gSavFkkZr~ ckgj çdkf'kr ugha djrsA ;Fkk&

lqdqekjegks yèkh;lka ân;a r}refç;a ;r%Alqdqekjegks yèkh;lka ân;a r}refç;a ;r%Alqdqekjegks yèkh;lka ân;a r}refç;a ;r%Alqdqekjegks yèkh;lka ân;a r}refç;a ;r%Alqdqekjegks yèkh;lka ân;a r}refç;a ;r%AlglSo leqfn~ujUR;eh taj;UR;so fg rUeuhf"k.k%AAlglSo leqfn~ujUR;eh taj;UR;so fg rUeuhf"k.k%AAlglSo leqfn~ujUR;eh taj;UR;so fg rUeuhf"k.k%AAlglSo leqfn~ujUR;eh taj;UR;so fg rUeuhf"k.k%AAlglSo leqfn~ujUR;eh taj;UR;so fg rUeuhf"k.k%AA9

lTtu rFkk nqtZu ds LoHkko ds chp esa vUrj djrs gq, og f'k'kqikyoèk egkdkO; esadgrs gSa fd lTtuksa dk LoHkko lnSo nwljksa dk midkj djus okyk gh gksrk gS vFkkZr~ og LoHkkols gh nwljksa dk midkj djus ds fy, lnSo rRij jgrs gSa rFkkfi lTtuksa dh mUufr loZnk nqtZuO;fDr;ksa dks nq[kh djus okyh gksrh gS10] fdUrq tks euh"kh iq#"k gksrs gSa og nwljksa dh mUufr lsdHkh Hkh lUrIr ugha gksrsA egkdfo ek?k dgrs gSa fd eè;e O;fDr nwljksa dh mUufr ls nq[khgksdj Hkh ml lUrki dks vius eu ls fNikdj j[krk gS fdUrq uhp O;fDr nwljksa dh mUufr lsO;fFkr gksdj bZ";kZo'k vius lUrki dks Li"V :i ls çdkf'kr djrk gSA11 nqtZu O;fDr;ksa }kjkdgs x, vi'kCnksa }kjk lTtuksa dk xkSjo mlh çdkj de ugha gksrk ftl çdkj feV~Vh dh èkwy ls<ds gq, jRu dh cgqewY;rk de ugha gksrhA12 ek?k th dgrs gSa fd O;fDr dks nwljs ds nks"kksa dksfudkyus ls igys Lo;a dks nks"kksa dks ns[kuk pkfg,A ;Fkk&

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86

nqtZu O;fDr Lo;a ds nks"k ns[kus esa vUèks gksrs gSa vFkkZr~ vius nks"k mUgsa ugha fn[krs gSaijUrq nwljksa ds nks"k ns[kus esa mudh fnO; n`f"V gksrh gS vFkkZr~ nwljs ds nks"k mUgsa vfèkd fn[kkbZnsrs gSaA vius xq.kksa dks dgus esa og rsT+k cksyus okys gksrs gSa ijUrq tc nwljksa ds xq.kksa ds fo"k; esadguk gks rks og pqi gks tkrs gSaA bl çdkj ds O;fDr;ksa dk viuk dksbZ xq.k tc nwljksa dksvkufUnr djus okyk ugha gksrk rc og nwljksa ds nks"k fudkydj Lo;a dks lUrq"V djuk pkgrsgSa14 ,sls O;fDr ds xq.k dks dgus okyk dksbZ nwljk ugah gksrkA vr% og Lo;a vius xq.kksa dkc[kku djrk jgrk gS15 rFkk vius vUnj vlkjrk dks èkkj.k djrs gq, cgqr vkokT+k djus okysuxkM+s ds leku ds dsoy cksyus esa gh cgknqj gkss gSaA16 blds foijhr Lo;a viuh ç'kalk u djusokys lTtu euq"; Hk;adj fo"kSys liZ ds leku Øksèk djus okys gksrs gSa dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fdog le; vkus ij gh vius ijkØe dk çn'kZu djrs gSa mls lc LFkku ij lcds lkFk dgrs ughajgrs17 rFkk ,sls lTtu O;fDr;ksa dks nwljksa dh fuUnk vius eu esa fNikus vius xq.kksa dk c[kkuLFkku&LFkku ij ugha djrs jgrs gSa vfirq vius xq.kksa dks prqjkbZ ls fNikdj j[krs gSa fdlh lsugha dgrs18 egkdfo ek?k ds vfrfjDr vU;kU; dfo;ksa us fofHkUu xzaFkksa esa vusd uhfr;qDrdF; dgs gSa ftudks viukdj euq"; vPNs iFk ij pydj vPNs laLdkj çkIr dj ldrk gSrFkk vius voxq.kksa dks R;kxdj ln~xq.kksa dks viukrk gSA lTtuksa rFkk nqtZuksa ds fo"k; esa'kqØuhfr esa o.kZu feyrk gS fd&

fç;esokfHkèkkrO;a fuR;a lRlq f}"kRlq okAfç;esokfHkèkkrO;a fuR;a lRlq f}"kRlq okAfç;esokfHkèkkrO;a fuR;a lRlq f}"kRlq okAfç;esokfHkèkkrO;a fuR;a lRlq f}"kRlq okAfç;esokfHkèkkrO;a fuR;a lRlq f}"kRlq okAf'k[khr dsdka eèkqjka okpa czwrs tufç;%AAf'k[khr dsdka eèkqjka okpa czwrs tufç;%AAf'k[khr dsdka eèkqjka okpa czwrs tufç;%AAf'k[khr dsdka eèkqjka okpa czwrs tufç;%AAf'k[khr dsdka eèkqjka okpa czwrs tufç;%AA19

vFkkZr~ lTtu gks ;k nqtZu nksuksa ds lkFk ehBh ok.kh dk gh ç;ksx djuk pkfg, D;ksafdyksdfç; O;fDr Hkh eksj ds dsdjko dh HkkfUr ehBh ok.kh cksyrk gSA ogha pk.kD; ;g dgrs gq,euq"; dks i'kq dgk gS fd ftl euq"; ds ikl u fo|k gks u ml euq"; us riL;k dh gS u gh dHkhnku fn;k] u mlds ikl Kku gS u 'khyrk u gh dksbZ xq.k gS vkSj u èkeZ ij pyrk gS ,slk euq";i`Fohyksd ij i`Foh dk cks> cs gq, i'kq dh HkkfUr fopj.k djrk gS20 HkrZgfj Hkh ekurs gSa fd tkseuq";] lkfgR;] laxhr rFkk dyk bu rhuksa ls vufHkK gS og euq"; Hkh fcuk lhax rFkk iw¡N dslk{kkr~ i'kq ds leku gSA21

ßek?ks lfUr =;ks xq.kk%Þ ln`'k laLÑr leh{kdksa ds dFku esa Hkh Li"V gS fd egkdfo ek?kus vius iwoZorhZ lHkh dfo;ksa ds mRÑ"V xq.kksa dk leUo; viuh Ñfr f'k'kqikyoèke~ esa fd;k gSAmlus dkfynkl esa dkO; lkSUn;Z] Hkkjfo ls vFkZxkSjo rFkk HkfV~V ds O;kdj.k iVqrk dk ladyufd;k gSA f'k'kqikyoèk esa vè;kiu ls lwfpr gksrk gS fd bl egkdkO; esa ek?k dh cgqlr ins insifjyf{kr gksrh gSA osn] O;kdj.k] dkO;'kkL=] n'kZu] laxhr] T;ksfr"k] vk;qosZn] uhfr] jktuhfr]iqjk.k] dke'kkL=] ukV~;'kkL=] fp=dyk] v'ofo|k vkfn os lUnHkZ f'k'kqikyoèke~ esa fo|ekufn[ks gSa] 'kk;n blhfy, leh{kdksa us ;gk¡ rd dg Mkyk & ßes?ks ek?ks xra o;%Þ vFkkZr~ ek?k dsf'k'kqikyoèk ds vè;;u esa iwjh mez pyh tkrh gSA


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87

viuh dYiukvksa dh mM+ku ds pyrs ek?k dks ^?k"Vkek?k* dh inoh ls foHkwf"kr gksukiM+kA22 le; dh cyrk dk c[kku djrs gq, ek?k dgrs gSa fd le; cgqr gh cyoku gksrk gS ;sle; gh euq"; dh mUufr rFkk iru dk dkj.k Bhd oSls gh gS tSls çR;sd _rq dkviuk&viuk le; gksrk gS23 ftl çdkj lw;Z ds vfrfjDr lalkj dk vUèkdkj dksbZ nwj ughadj ldrk mlh lalkj ds vR;kpkfj;ksa ls vR;kpkj dks dsoy vki vFkkZr~ JhÑ".k gh nwj djldrs gSaA24 HkkX; ds fo"k; esa o.kZu djrs gq, ek?k dgrs gSa fd pUæek ds mn; ds le; pUæekds çfrdwy gksus ij Hkh lglz fdj.kksa okyk lw;Z vLr gks gh tkrk gS] mlh çdkj HkkX; ds çfrdwyvFkkZ~ lkFk nsus ij Hkh lHkh çdkj ds lkèku O;Fk gks tkrs gSa25 ifrozrk L=h ds fo"k; esa ek?k dgrsgSa fd çR;sd ifrozrk L=h dks vius ifr dk xeu djuk pkfg, D;ksafd ioZr ls fudyh gqbZufn;k¡ Hkh leqæ :ih ifr ds ikl gh tkrh gSaA ;Fkk&

çfdwyrkeqxrs fg foèkkS foQyRoesfr cgqlkèkurkAçfdwyrkeqxrs fg foèkkS foQyRoesfr cgqlkèkurkAçfdwyrkeqxrs fg foèkkS foQyRoesfr cgqlkèkurkAçfdwyrkeqxrs fg foèkkS foQyRoesfr cgqlkèkurkAçfdwyrkeqxrs fg foèkkS foQyRoesfr cgqlkèkurkAvoyEcuk; fnuHkrqZjHkwUu ifr";r% djlglzefiAAvoyEcuk; fnuHkrqZjHkwUu ifr";r% djlglzefiAAvoyEcuk; fnuHkrqZjHkwUu ifr";r% djlglzefiAAvoyEcuk; fnuHkrqZjHkwUu ifr";r% djlglzefiAAvoyEcuk; fnuHkrqZjHkwUu ifr";r% djlglzefiAA26

LokfHkekuh O;fDr Hkys gh çk.kksa vkSj lq[k dks R;kx ns ijUrq fcuk ekaxs nsus ds viusfu;e dks ugha R;kxrs]27 ,sls LokfHkekuh O;fDr;ksa dk èku êku* gh gksrk gS vkSj dqN ugha28

egkdfo ek?k tgk¡ LokfHkekuh O;fDr ds fo"k; esa o.kZu djrs gSa ogha os Js"B O;fDr dh Hkk"kk dkHkh lqpk: <ax ls dgrs gSa fd Js"B O;fDr LoHkko ls gh fgrHkk"kh29 vFkkZr~ vkids fy, fgrdjus okyh Hkk"kk dk gh ç;ksx djsaxsA ek?k ekurs gSa ekuo LoHkko ls gh LokFkhZ gS vr% çR;sdO;fDr viuk&viuk LokFkZ fl) djus ds fy, ç;Ru djrk jgrk gS30 ek?k dgrs gSa fd cM+s dslgkjs NksVk Hkh rj tkrk gSA31

'k=q }kjk fd;k x;k vieku lgu djus ;ksX; ugha gksrkA egkdfo ek?k dk ekuuk gS fd'ksj ckny dh èofu lqudj gqadkj djrk gS u fd xhnM+ dh èofu lqudj ;Fkk&

vuqgadq#rs èkuèfua u fg xksek;q#rkfu dsljhAvuqgadq#rs èkuèfua u fg xksek;q#rkfu dsljhAvuqgadq#rs èkuèfua u fg xksek;q#rkfu dsljhAvuqgadq#rs èkuèfua u fg xksek;q#rkfu dsljhAvuqgadq#rs èkuèfua u fg xksek;q#rkfu dsljhA32

ek?k dk dFku gS fd ftl çdkj dM+oh vkS"kfèk fi, fcuk 'kjhj dk rki ugha feVrk gS33

oSls gh 'k=q dks u"V fd, fcuk çfr"Bk nqyHkZ gksrh gSA34

mijksDr foospu ls Li"V gS fd egkdfo ek?k us ftu uhfr;ksa dh ehekalk f'k'kqikyoèk esadh gSA og }kij ;qx ds fy, rks çklafxd Fkh gh] vkt vokZphu ;qx esa Hkh mu uhfr;ksa dhçklafxdrk yksd thou esa ns[kh tk ldr gSA JhÑ".k us Hkys gh vuqjksèko'k f'k'kqiky ds lkSvijkèk {kek fd, gks ysfdu mudk Hkh ekuuk gS fd ,d lhek ds vuUrj vijkèkh dks n.Mfeyuk gh pkfg, blfy, og dgrs gSa fd c<+rs gq, 'k=q dh mlh çdkj mis{kk ugha djuh pkfg,tSls c<+rs gq, jksx dh D;ksafd nsuksa dh o`f) euq"; ds fy, nq%[knk;h gksrh gh gSA35 vkt ;fnek?k gksrs rks ;g tkudj vR;Ur çlUurk dk vuqHko djrs fd mUgksaus tks ckrsa }kij ;qx esa


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88

f'k'kqiky ds o.kZu çlax esa dgh Fkh vkt ogh ckrsa dy;qx esa lkekU; euq"; ds Åij pfjrkFkZfn[krh gSa dguk u gksxk fd egkdfo ek?k 'kkL=K gksus ds lkFk&lkFk uhfrK Hkh FksA

lUnHkZ xzUFk&lwphlUnHkZ xzUFk&lwphlUnHkZ xzUFk&lwphlUnHkZ xzUFk&lwphlUnHkZ xzUFk&lwph

1- foLr`r fooj.k gsrq æ"VO;] dkelw= 1@3@142- u nw;a lkRorhlwuq;ZUeáeijkè;frA

;Ùkq nUnèkrs yksdenks nq%[kkdjksfr eke~AA f'kñ ikñ oñ 2@113- mid=kZfj.kk lfUèkuZ fe=s.kkidkfj.kkA

midkjkidkjkS fg y{;a y{ke.kesr;ks%AA f'kñ iñ oñ 2@374- f'k'kqikyoèke~ 2@455- iknkgrs ;nqRFkk; ewèkkZuefFkjksgfrA

LoLFkknsokiekus·fi nsfgrLr}ja jt%Aa f'kñ iñ oñ 2@466- rqY;s·ijkèks LoHkkZuqHkkZuqeUra fpjs.k ;r~A

fgeka'kqek'kq xzlrs rUezfnEu% LQqVa Qye~AA f'kñ iñ oñ 2@497- Li'kfUr 'kjoÙkh{.kkLrkseUrfoZ'kfUr pA

cgqLi`'kkfi LFkwysu LFkh;rs cfgj'eor~AA f'kñ iñ oñ 2@788- vkjEHkUrs·YisokKk% dkea O;xzk HkofUr pA

egkjEHkk% Ñrfèk;fLriqfUr p fujkdqyk%AA f'kñ iñ oñ 2@799- f'k'kqikyoèke~ 1^6@2110- midkjij% LoHkkor% lrra loZtuL; lTtu%A

vlrkefu'ka rFkkI;gks xq#âæksxdjh rnqUufr%AA f'kñ iñ oñ 16@2211- ifjrI;r ,o uksÙke% ifjrIrks·Ilij% lqlao`frA

ijof)fHkjkfgrO;Fk% LQqVfuZHkUunqjk'k;ks·èke%AA f'kñ iñ oñ 16@2312- opuSjlrka eghFk;ks u [kyq O;sfr xq#Roeq)rS%A

fdeiSfr jtksfHkjkSoZjSjodh.kZLFk e.kseZgkèkZrkAA f'kñ iñ oñ 16@2713- f'k'kqikyoèke~ 16@2914- ifjrks"kf;rk u dÜou Loxrks ;L; xq.kks·fLr nsfgu%A

ijnks"kdFkkfHkjYid% Lotua rks"kf;rqa fdysPNfrAA f'kñ iñ oñ 16@2815- fdfeokf[kyyksddhfrZra dFkO;Ri;kRexq.ka egkeo%A

ofnrk u y?kh;lks·ij% Loxq.ka rsu onR;lkS Lo;e~AA f'kñ iñ oñ 16@3116- foltUr;fodfRFku% ijs fo"kek'khfo"koUujk% Øqèke~A

nèkrks·Urjlkj:irka èofulkjk% iVgk bosrjsAA f'kñ iñ oñ 16@3217- foltUR;fodfRFku% ijs fo"kek'khfo"koUujk% Øqèke~A

nèkrks·Urjlkj:irka èofulkjk% iVgk bosrjsAA f'kñ iñ oñ 16@3218- çdVkU;fi uSiq.ka egRuijokP;kfu fpjk; xksfirqeA

foojhrqFkkReuks xq.kkUHk'kekdkS'kyek;ZÙksr lke~AA f'kñ iñ oñ 16@3019- 'kqØuhfr 1@16820- ;s"kkaufoèk u riks u nkua] Kkua u 'khy u xq.kks u èkeZ%A

rs eR;Zyksds Hkqfo HkkjrHkwrk] euq";:is.k e`xk'pjfUrAA pk.kD;jktuhfr'kkL=] 2@53


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89

21- lkfgR;l³~xhrdykfoghu% lk{kkRi'kq% iPNfo"kk.kghu%Ar`.ka u [kknUufi thoekuLrn~ Hkkxèk;a ijea i'kwuke~AA uhfr'krd 11

22- mn;fr forksèoZjf'ejTtk cfge#pkS fge;kfUu ;kfrpkLre~Aogfr fxfjj;a foyfEc?k.Vk };ifjokfjrokjs.kUæyhyke~AA f'kñ iñ oñ 4@20

23- le; ,o djksfr cykcya çf.kxnUr brho 'kjhfj.kke~A'kjfn galjok% i#"khÑr Loje;wje;w je.kh;kre~AA f'kñ iñ oñ 6@44

24- miIyqra ikrqenks enksn~èkrSLRoeso fo'oaHkj fo'oehf'k"ksA_rs jos% {kkyf;rqa {kesr d% {kikreLdk.Meyhela uHk%AA f'kñ iñ oñ 1@38

25- roiyk'kiyk'koua iqj% LQqVijkxijkxri³~dte~Ae`nqyykUryrkUreyksd;r~ l lqjfHka lqjfHka lqeuksHkjS%Aa f'kñ iñ oñ 6@2

26- f'kñ iñ oñ 6@627- R;tfUr u Rosde;kfprozre~A uSñ "kñ pñ 1@4028- lnkfHkekuSodèkuk fg ekfuu% R;tUR;lw ~'keZ p ekfuuks ojaA f'kñ iñ oñ 1@6729- egh;kl% çÑR;kferHkkf"k.k%A f'kñ iñ oñ 2@1330- loZ% LokFkZ lehgrsA f'kñ iñ oñ 2@6531- cgRlgk;% dk;kZUra 'rksnh;kufi xPNfrA f'kñ iñ oñ 2@10032- f'kñ iñ oñ 16@2533- v#P;efi jksxèua fulxkZnso Hks"kte~A f'kñ iñ oñ 19@8634- foièref[kyhÑR; çfr"Bk [kyq nqyZHkkA 2@3435- mfr";ekuLrq ijks uksis{;% iF;fePNrkA

lekS fg f'k"VSjkEukrkS] oRL;ZUrkoke;% l pAA f'kñ iñ oñ 2@10


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90

Iœvar Kaul’s Conscept of Sandhi: Critical Analysis

Prof. Satyabhama Razdan

HOD Sanskrit

University of Kashmir

The manner in which sandhi occurs in Kashmiri is described in the present chapter of the

KaœmirœabdamRtam. According to Iœvar Kaul lfU/kflf)%ins”kq1 i.e; sandhi occurs in the

internal structure of a pada2 u okD;s”kq3 not in the sentences.

Iœvar Kaul’s description of sandhi needs to be analyzed in the context of the accepted

definition of sandhi in Sanskrit. The term sandhi is derived from the Sanskrit verb root “dhâ (to

join) preceded by prefix sam (together) ij% lafud”kZ% lafgrk4. Thus, sandhi means

coalescence or euphonic junction of two letters coming in immediate contact with each other.

PâGini uses the word samhita for sandhi which means the extreme contiguity of letters.

The term pada in Sanskrit grammar denotes a complete or inflected word that can be

segmented into morphemes. A pada, therefore, is combination of at least two morphemes, one

free form (a nominal or verbal base) and one bound form (a derivational or inflectional affix) or

both free forms. The collision of the final letter of the preceding morpheme and initial letter of the

following morpheme results in the combinatory phonemic transformation of the two letters within

the internal structure of the pada. However, sandhi cannot be performed in the sentence which is

combination of the syntactic units ending in nominal or verbal terminations.

Rules of sandhi are language specific. The traditional Sanskrit grammarians have grouped

sandhi into three classes viz, i) svar sandhii.e; combination of two vowel phonemes, long or

short, similar or dissimilar, ii) hal sandhi i.e; combination of two consonant phonemes and, iii)visarga sandhii.e; a visarga5 followed by a vowel or a consonant. The same process of sandhi

applies to the tatsam vocabulary of Hindi while as other NIA languages show considerable

variations.

Iœvar Kaul describes rules of sandhi in Kashmiri as given below:

O;atuaijs.klU/ks;e~ &1@36. According to this sutra the initial letter of the second component

combines with the final consonant of the preceding noun such as tâp+uk ’! tâpuk (pertaining to

sunshine), kar+yân ’! karyân (“do remote past, IIIrd person singular).

This sutra and its illustrations are incomplete due to the reasons as shown below:

The use of /-uk/ in the genitive masculine singular sense is quite common in Kashmiri. It is added

to the abstract, material and immovable masculine common nouns, qualitative adjectives and

words denoting place, time and direction, such as lumuk (of plunder); tîluk (of oil); makânuk(belonging of house); gâmuk (one who belongs to village); úâmuk (of evening); yoruk (belonging


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91

to this direction) etc. The fusion of the initial –u of /-uk/ and final consonant of the preceding word

gives rise to some combinatory morphophonemic changes within the structure of the word to

which /-uk/ is added. These are as explained below:

Aspiration of the final consonant of the abstract noun is dropped before the fusion of /–u/

, such as; tâph (sunshine) + uk ’! /tâpuk/; lumh (plunder) + uk ’! /lumuk/ where as it is retained

in case of the other nouns as in vumh (lip) + uk ’! /vumhuk/. The initial low central vowel /a/ of

the noun is replaced by mid central vowel /Y/ while as the final consonant is palatalized, as in: az

(today) + uk ’! /YzÞuk/. If the noun ends in high central vowel /ü/, it is dropped and /u/ blends

with the final consonant of the first component, e.g;

Þakü (forehead/husband) + uk ’! /

Þakuk/.

Similarly, Iœvar Kaul’s remote past termination /-yan/ is unintelligible for the reasons given

below:

In Kashmiri, the terminations used to denote the remote past are of two types, viz; i)

subject ending, and, ii) object ending. The subject ending terminations are added to the intransitive

roots and agree, in number, gender and person, with the subject of the active and impersonal

constructions, e.g; su gYyo sÒkul yìli sulTkum œur os (he had gone to school when he was a

small child) è ìti gÞì vÞoth (you Ins. had also sung). The object ending terminations are added

to the transitive roots and agree in number, gender and person, with object of the action in the

passive construction, e.g; tYmÞ parÞo akhübâr (he Ins. had gone through the newspaper)

tami parÞo akhübâr (she Ins. had gone through the newspaper). Thus, /-yo/ and its regional

variant /yâ/ is the most commonly used first and third person (mas.) object ending termination to

denote the remote past tense.7 These and similar other formations indicate that blend of /-yo/ ~/-yâ/ or any other suffix beginning with /-y-/ results in transformation of the simple consonant into

palatalized consonant. Iœvar Kaul is silent about the above cited and even other possible

morphophonemic changes which occur due to collision of two phonemes. Further, the conjugational

terminations are employed to make the verb roots fit for use in sentences. Iœvar Kaul’s remote

past termination /-yan/ does not make the verb root fit for use in the longer constructions i.e,

clauses, sentences etc. The author further says ins”kq fde~8 meaning whether fusion of phrases

in the longer constructions is permitted? In this regard he says that in a sentence like tim ây (they

came), the syntactic units end in the nominal and verbal terminations respectively. In such cases

sandhi is not permitted.

vlo.kZssssdkjL; yksi% &1@49. It means that /a/ is dropped if followed by a dissimilar

vowel and the following vowel blends with the preceding consonant. The illustrations are Þaka+uk’! / Þakuk/ (of the forehead) gâma+ul ’! / gâmul/ (worthy).

Iœvar Kaul’s assumptions are partly correct because the illustrated nouns end in high

central short vowel /ü/ and not in low central short vowel /a/ as stated by him.


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92

It is noteworthy that vcv, cvc or cvcv structure is the bedrock of word formation in

Kashmiri. The syllabic structure like vvc, vcc or cvv is absent in Kashmiri. Hence not only /a/ but

any vowel sound at the final position of the word is dropped if it is followed by another vowel

sound. The author repeats ins”kqfde~10 to indicate that sandhi is not possible between longer

constructions such as èü vTlü (you come). The author adds that this rule applies irregularly

(DokfpRd) because there is no other rule for /u/ and other dissimilar vowels.11

Iœvar Kaul’s statement is contradictory. For example in the construction like tim ây Iœvar

Kaul says that fusion of phrases is not possible because they end in nominal and verbal terminations

respectively. In a similar construction èü vTlü he advocates a different rule. Besides none of the

above forms i.e; èü or vTlü begins or ends with /u/. It reflects Iœvar Kaul’s insufficient knowledge

regarding oral factors in Kashmiri vowel sounds. Moreover, èü and vTlü are noun and verb

phrases respectively and fusion of phrases is not found in Kashmiri.

Loj% lo.ksZnh?kZijyksikS &1@512. According to this sutra if a vowel is followed by

a similar vowel, it transforms into long vowel while as the vowel following it is dropped. The

examples are - karân - chy -â and achi -im change to karânchyâ and achîm respectively. But

in constructions like paèhi –im (these guests) sandhi is not possible.

Iœvar Kaul’s statement and the illustrations are misleading. According to the accepted

sandhi rules if a simple vowel, short or long, is followed by a similar vowel, short or long, the

substitute for both of them is the similar long vowel13. Thus, if the similar long vowel takes the

place of both, question of loss of following vowel does not arise.

The illustrations karân- chy-â and achi (eye) im are misinterpreted and do not show any

junction of two similar short or long vowels. In Kashmiri, the actual word for eye is a consonant

ending form Ych and not a vowel ending form achi as cited by the author. Similarly, the auxiliary

/ch/ does not end in the semi vowel /y/. Lengthening of the preceding vowel and loss of the

following vowel is, therefore, imaginary. This sutra of Iœvar Kaul is merely a copy of PâGini’s

sutra vd% lo.ksZnh?kZ%14 which he tries to apply to the Kashmiri vocabulary without any logic.

In /paèhi im/15 both the constituents are wrongly interpreted. These constituents are actually

pronounced as pYèÞh and yim. Besides, the word order of this construction deviates from the

accepted word order of a noun phrase. In Kashmiri, unlike Sanskrit, order of words in the

phrases and sentences is fixed. Any change in the order of the words makes the construction

unintelligible or converts it into a meaningless fragment. The Kashmiri noun phrase (NP), like

English and most of the NIA languages, consists either only of a noun as in pYèhÞ (guests) [NP]

or an adjective + a noun as in yim pYèhÞ (these guests). vYtÞ (arrived) is a verb phrase [VP].

Thus, the correct word order of /paèhi im/16 is /yim pYèhÞ/.

vdkjsssdkjyksi% &1@617. This sutra contradicts the previous sutra. According to

this sutra /a/ is dropped if it is followed by /a/ as in garü– an ’! garan. It is noteworthy that the

final sound of the first component is actually /-ü/ – garü (home) which, if followed by /a/, isdropped.


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93

vdkj bdkj ,( mdkjks vks( &7@818. According to author if /a/ is followed by /i/ or /u/ it changes to /e/ or /o/ respectively while as the following letter is dropped19 as in cya – in ’!cyen (drank objective plu.) and khya – un ’! khyon (ate objective sg.).

Both these sutras are in consonance with PâGini’s sutra vkn~xq.k%20. According to this

sutra when a or â is followed by i, u, or R, short or long, the corresponding guGa letter i.e; e, oor ar takes the place of both such as: upa + indra ’! upendra; hita + upadeúa ’! hitopadeúa;mahâ + Rúi ’! maharœi etc. But Iœvar Kaul’s illustrations do not justify his assertions. According

to his sutra, /a/ followed by /i/ or /u/ changes to /e/ or /o/ respectively. The fact is that the actual

verb roots are “cì (to drink) and “khÞì . Both these roots have /ì/ at the final position and not

/a/ as assumed by Iœvar Kaul. Possibility of transformation of a + i or u to e or o is not therefore,

justified. Besides, the alveolar affricates in Kashmiri do not occur combined with the semi vowel

/y/ as cited by the author.

,dkjks ,s( vksdkjks vkS &9@1021. If /a/ is followed by /e/ or /o/, it is replaced by

/ai/ or /au/ respectively such as ga – ey ’! gaiy (they went)22; pya – ey ’! pyaiy (they fell down)23;

ga – ov ’! gauv(he went)24; pya ov ’! pyauv (he fell down)25.

Iœvar Kaul has created this sutra on the analogy of PâGini’s sutra o‘f)jsfp26which

means that when a or â is followed by e or ai, o or au, ai and au are respectively substituted for

both. PâGini’s rule is comprehensible through the illustrations given in support of this sutra.27 But

Iœvar Kaul’s sutra is unintelligible for the following reasons:

• Diphthongs like ai and au are absent in Kashmiri.

• The verb roots are misconceived by the author.

• The actual verb roots are gaèh and p ì respectively and not ga and pya.

• Neither of these roots ends in /a/ or /â/ as given by Iœvar Kaul.

• Similarly, the past tense forms of these verbs are gav ~ gÒv and pÞav ~ pÞÒv and

not gauv or pyauv as illustrated by the author.

bdkjkssslo.ksZ;kssijyksi% &1@1128. When /i/ is followed by a dissimilar vowel, y is substituted

for /i/ as in kari – uk ’! karyuk29.

As stated earlier, use of /-uk/ is quite common in Kashmiri. This suffix is added to words

of time, direction and place in the adjective – genitive. 30 But Iœvar Kaul’s illustration is not clear

because the actual word is kar (when) and not kari (logs) as illustrated by the author. However,

illustrations like tati + uk ’! tat-y-uk (belonging to that place) and tìli + uk ’! tìl-y-uk (of that

time) make the above cited rule clear. According to PâGini’s bdks;.kfp31 when i, u, R and lR,short or long, are followed by a dissimilar vowel, y,v,r and l are respectively substituted for them

and the following vowel blends with y,v,r or l such as sudhi + upasyah ’! sudhyupasyah (adored

by the wise) etc. In Kashmiri, the substitution of y for i gives rise to a very significant

morphophonemic change in the structure of the word that is y leads to the palatalization of the

preceding consonant. Thus, the resulting forms are – tatuk, tìluk etc. Similarly, nari (arms) + an’! naran; kori (girls) + an ’! koran etc, and,


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94

mdkjks o% & 1232. /u/ followed by a dissimilar vowel changes into /v/. This rule hardly

applies to Kashmiri. The reason is that there are only two /u/ ending words in Kashmiri – hu(he

within the range of sight) and su (he beyond the range of sight). The quoted illustration karânchua~chavais are unintelligible. Iœvar Kaul further says that in phrases such as kati - âya and pamu33-an sandhi is not possible.

Analysis of this chapter reflects IœvarKaul’s limited knowledge regarding oral factors and

distribution of Kashmiri vowel sounds. As stated earlier, Kashmiri has 15 oral vowel phonemes.

The linguistic study of Kashmiri speech sounds shows that it has, according to the height of the

tongue, 6 high vowels ii; ü, Ö; u û: 6 mid vowels ì e; Y Y; Ò,o and 3 low vowels a, â, T while as

according to the parts of tongue raised it has 4 front vowels ii; ì e: 6 central vowels ü,Ö; Y Y; a,

â and 5 back vowels u û; Ò, o and T. According to the position of lips Kashmiri has 10 unrounded

ii; ü, Ö; ì e; Y Y; a, â and 5 rounded u, û; Ò, o T vowels. Iœvar Kaul does not differentiate

especially between the high central (ü ü), mid central (Y Y) and low central (a, â) vowels. According

to his descriptions these vowels possess the same vowel quality which is not correct.

As regards the distribution of vowels, u and T do not occur in the word initial position while

as Ö Y û and Ò do not occur in the word final position. u occurs very rarely in the word final

position.

It is because of the author’s inadequate knowledge regarding the linguistic peculiarities of the

Kashmiri vowels that the sandhi rules perceived by him do not accord with the illustrations cited

in support of his sutras. Besides, most of his sutras match with the sutras of the Acmâdhyâyi to the

extent that it will be no exaggeration to conclude that Iœvar Kaul tries to apply PâGini’s sandhi

rules to the Kashmiri language. This attempt of Iœvar Kaul is erroneous in the light of the fact that

every language generates its own rules and methods according to its linguistic peculiarities.

(Footnotes)

1 sandhihsiddhihpadecu: KaúmîrâúabdâmRtam: 1/1 p.42 suptiEantampadam: PâGini – 1.4.143 navâkecu: KaúmîrâúabdâmRtam: 1/2 p.44 parah sannikarsòah samhita : Pan##ini 1.4.1095 Consonant ending in a distinct hard aspiration6 vyanjanampareGasandheyam: KaúmîrâúabdâmRtam: 1/3 p.41 Razdan S.- Kashmiri grammar: History and Structure – p. 2232 padecukim : KaúmîrâúabdâmRtam: p.43 asavarGeakârasyalopah: ———— ibid ———- 1/4 p. 41 padecukim : —-—— ibid —-—— p.52 ————— ibid —-—— p. 5


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95

3 svarahsavarGedîrghaparalopau : ——— ibid —-— 1/5 p. 54 akahsavarGedîrghah: PâGini : 6.1.1015 —————— ibid ——————6 Pronounced as pYèh7 Pronounced as yim1 akâreakâralopah : KaúmîrâúabdâmRtam 1/6 p.52 akâraikâra e ; ukâro o: ———— ibid ———— 1/-7/8 p.5-63 akârikâr pare ekârobhavatiparlopaúca: ——————— ibid ————— p. 54 adguGah :PâGini : 6.1.875 ekâro ai;okâro au : KaúmîrâúabdâmRtam: 1/-9/10 p. 66 ———— ibid —————— p. 67 ———— ibid ————— p. 68 ———— ibid —————— p. 69 ———— ibid —————— p. 610 vRddhireci : PâGini : 6.1.8811 Such as KRcGâ+ekatvam = KRcEaikatvam; sâ+eva = saiva etc.- PâGini :

6.1.881 ikâroasavarGeyoaparalopah : KaúmîrâúabdâmRtam: 1/11 p. 62 ————— ibid —————3 Razdan S.- Kashmiri grammar: History and Structure – p. 1294 IkoyaGaci : PâGini : 6.1.775 ukaro vah : KaúmîrâúabdâmRtam: 1/12 p. 66 Actual pronunciation is pÒm (woolen cloth).


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96

‘kks/kys[k fo”k;d fn’kkfunsZ’k‘kks/kys[k fo”k;d fn’kkfunsZ’k‘kks/kys[k fo”k;d fn’kkfunsZ’k‘kks/kys[k fo”k;d fn’kkfunsZ’k‘kks/kys[k fo”k;d fn’kkfunsZ’k

ok³~e; xkSjoe~ok³~e; xkSjoe~ok³~e; xkSjoe~ok³~e; xkSjoe~ok³~e; xkSjoe~ =Sekfld laLd`r ‘kks/k if=dk tEew dk’ehj laLd`r ifj”kn~ ,oa mPpf’k{kkfoHkkx tEewd’ehj ljdkj }kjk izdkf’kr dh tkrh gSA ;g izeq[k :i ls osn] laLd`r ok³~e; ds oSfnd,oa ykSfdd lkfgR;] /keZ] n’kZu] ;ksx] vk;qoZsn] ik.Mqfyfi;ksa rFkk vU; izkP;fo|k ls lEcfU/kr ‘kks/kijdvkys[kksa dks izdkf’kr djus ds fy;s d`rladYi gSA ‘kks/kdrkZ viuk ‘kks/ki= laLd`r] fgUnh vFkok vaxzthesa Hkst ldrs gSaA

ok³~e; xkSjoe~ok³~e; xkSjoe~ok³~e; xkSjoe~ok³~e; xkSjoe~ok³~e; xkSjoe~ esa ‘kks/kfucU/k ewY;k³~du djkus ds i’pkr~ izdkf’kr fd;s tkrs gSaA vr% fo}ku~ ys[kdksals vuqjks/k gS fd os ogh fucU/k bl if=dk ds fy;s izLrqr djsa tks lc izdkj ls ‘kks/k dh dlkSVh ij[kjs mrjsaA

ok³~e; xkSjoe~ok³~e; xkSjoe~ok³~e; xkSjoe~ok³~e; xkSjoe~ok³~e; xkSjoe~ esa dsoy ogh ‘kks/k&fucU/k izdkf’kr fd;s tk;saxs ftu esa ‘kks/k&izfof/k dk iz;ksx fd;kx;k gksA1- ‘kks/k fucU/k vf/kdre 4000&5000 ‘kCnksa esa gks rFkk 150 ‘kCnksa dk lkjka’k Hkh iszf”kr djsaA2- ‘kks/k&fucU/k esa ys[kd dk fu”d”kZ lql³~xr] izekf.kd ,oa rF;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gksuk pkfg;saA lkFk gh ml esa vius dFku ;k fu”d”kZ dks iq”V djus ds fy;s U;wure 10 ls vf/kd izek.k gksus pkfg;sA3- fucU/k ekbØkslk¶V oMZ MkD;wesaV esa Vkbi djk;sa vkSj QqVuksV fucU/k ds vUr esa nsaA QqVuksV ALT+CTRL+F ds ek/;e ls MkysaA4- fgUnh ,oa laLd`r ds ‘kks/kfucU/k Pagemaker d`frnso d`frnso 025 ds lkbt 13 esa Vkbi djk;k tk,A Vad.k ds mijkUr ‘kks/ku djds lh- Mh- vFkok bZesy ls iszf”kr djsaA5- lh- Mh- vFkok bZesy ds lkFk&lkFk ys[kd dks vius ‘kks/kys[k dh izfr (Hard Copy) izsf”kr djuk Hkh vko’;d gS] ftlls ewY;kadu ds fy;s ‘kks/kys[k izsf”kr fd;k tk ldsA bZesybZesybZesybZesybZesy% [email protected]

or [email protected]

6- ‘kks/k i=ksa dh Lohd`fr ,oa vLohd`fr dk vfUre fu.kZ; lEcfU/kr fo”k; ds nks fo’ks”kKksa dh lgefr (Expert comments) ls laiknd e.My }kjk fy;k tk;sxkA bl lEcU/k esa vfUre vf/kdkj izrq[k lEiknd dks izkIr gS tks lHkh lnL;ksa dks ekU; gksxkA7- ‘kks/k&fucU/k ekSfyd gksuk pkfg;sA fdlh vU; if=dk esa iwoZ izdkf’kr ugha gksuk pkfg;sA8- ‘kks/k fucU/k ds izdk’ku gsrq laiknd ds uke i= ftl esa ‘kks/k fucU/k dh ekSfydrk ,oa vizdkf’kr gksus dk Li”Vhdj.k gksuk pkfg;sA Li”Vhdj.k izek.k(certification of originality) i= dks izdk’ku dk;Zky; ls izkIr dj ds ‘kks/k fucU/k ds lkFk izsf”kr djuk gksxkA9- ‘kks/k fucU/k izdkf’kr djus gsrq lnL;rk ysuh vfuok;Z gksxhA10-lnL;rk izkIr djus ,oa ‘kks/k fucU/k izdkf’kr djus gsrq if=dk O;oLFkkid ls lEidZ dj ldrs gSaA

O;oLFkkidO;oLFkkidO;oLFkkidO;oLFkkidO;oLFkkidok³~e; xkSjoe~ok³~e; xkSjoe~ok³~e; xkSjoe~ok³~e; xkSjoe~ok³~e; xkSjoe~

bZesybZesybZesybZesybZesy% [email protected]

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title paras ji...VANGMAYA GAURVAM =Sekfldh ewY;kf³~drlaLd`r‘kks/kif=dk (A Referred Sanskrit Research Journal) o”kZe~ % 4] vad% 14] tuojh&ekpZ 2018 iz/kkulaiknd%