Why Bio Diesel

8/8/2019 Why Bio Diesel

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Bio-diesel Safe

Eco-friendly Non-toxic

Renewable Free from S, PAH

Reduces serious air pollutantssuch as particulates, CO, CO2 etc.,

Bio-diesel


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Mono alkyl esters of long chain

fatty acids derived fromvegetable Oils / animals fats

which confirm to specifications

for using diesel engines.


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Vegetable oils

Animal fats

Recycled or

Heat-abused edible oils.

Bio-diesel


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Raw vegetable oils as such,cannot meet bio-diesel fuel

specifications and they are

not legal motor fuels.


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India producing several species of TBOs

Sal, Mahua

Neem, Karanja,

Rubber, Kusum.

Khakan, Dhupa,Ratanjot (Jatropha), Thumba etc.,


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Among the many TBOs

Jatropha and Karanjahave been found to be

most suitable due to their

favourable attributes;


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Hardy nature

Short gestation 3y & 7y

Long productive life 50y & 100yNot browsed by animals

Adaptability to varied agro-climatic conditions and soil

types

Drought resistant

Dont compete with food crops for land & water sourcesClosest physico chemical nature of Petro-diesel


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Karanja

Pod contains usually one seed

but rarely two.

Resembles kidney shape &

reddish brown in colour.

Range varies from 9-90 Kgs per

tree from 7 years old plant.

1-3 tons of bio-diesel/Ha/year.

Jatropha

A capsule contains three seeds

but rarely four.

Resembles castor seed in shape

but smaller in size

4-6 Kgs of seeds from 5 year old

plant

1-1.5 tons of bio-diesel/Ha/year


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Table : 1a. Measurements of Jatropha & Karanja seeds

Size of the seed Jatropha curcas Pongamia Pinnata

Length (in cm) 1 to 2 1.7 to 2.0Breadth / Diameter (in cm) 0.5 to 0.7 1.2 to 1.8

Weight (in gm) 0.5 to 0.7 1.0 to 1.2

Hull : Kernel ratio 40:60 48:52

Castor

Croton Wild Castor


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Table : 1 Composition of Jatropha and Karanja seeds.

Composition Jatropha curcas Pongamia Pinnata

Moisture, % 6.5 10.0

Oil, % 32.0 27.0

Crude protein, % 18.2 17.4

Carbohydrates, % 18.0 6.6

Crude fibre, % 19.9 7.3

Total ash, % 4.1 2.3

Acid insoluble ash,% 0.15 0.06


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One can process Jatropha and Karanja easily either bymech. Pressing or by solvent Extraction.

Colour of the both seed oils becomes dark on standingand gives disagreeable odour.

Jatropha oil is almost bland where as karanja oil is inbitter taste.

There are no hazards of any sort in handling and

processing of Jatropha and Karanja seeds, kernels and

oil.


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Table : 2 Processing of Jatropha and Karanja seeds

Parameter Jatropha curcas Pongamia pinnata

Whole seed Dehulled seed* Whole seed

crushing crushing crushing

Oil, %(n-hexane extract) 35.0 37.5 25-35

Oil yield, % 24.8 28.0 24-27

Cake yield, % 72.2 43.0 70-73

Hull yield, % Nil 26.0 --

Filter mud &other residues, % 2.8 2.9 2.5-3.2

Oil, %

(in expelled cake) 8.3 6.0 7.0-9.0

Crude Protein, %( in expelled cake) 31.4 38.3 23.5-25.6

* Dehulled seed consists of 16 per cent hulls


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Table : 3 Physico- chemical characteristics of

Jatropha and Karanja oils

Characteristic Jatropha curcas Pongamia Pinnata

Acid value, % 5.4 6.2

Saponification value 197.0 189.0

Iodine value (wijs) 96.6 89.3

Non-saponifiable matter, % 0.5 4.0Specific gravity, 30/30oC 0.9186 0.9273

Refractive index at 40oC 1.4656 1.4785

Colour* (in LB scale) ( Y+5R) 21.2 30.0

* Measured for freshly extracted oils.


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Table :4 Fatty acid composition of Jatropha and Karanja seed oils.

Fatty acid Jatropha curcas Pongamia pinnata

C 14:0 1.72 --

C 16:0 16.02 5.28

C 18:0 10.21 7.92

C 20:0 0.43 2.91C 22:0 -- 4.89

C 24:0 -- 1.85

C18:1 38.54 53.14

C 18:2 33.08 13.47

C 20:1 -- 10.54


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Table:5 Comparison of N, P and K contents inJatropha and Karanja oil cakes with other bio-fertilizers*.

S.No Name of the Bio-fertilizer N(%) P (%) K(%)

1. Neem oil cake 5.00 1.00 1.50

2. Jatropha oil cake 4.44 2.09 1.68

3. Karanja oil cake 4.00 1.00 1.004. Cow manure 0.97 0.69 1.66

5. Chicken manure 3.04 6.27 2.08

6. Duck manure 2.37 2.10 1.09

* Compiled from different sources


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Jatropha & Karanja oil cakes areobtained as by products.

Not suitable as cattle feed because of

toxins.

Rich in NPK and recognized asvaluable bio-fertilizers after neem cake.


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Produce bio-gas in combination with PH agro-

wastes and other wastes from food processing

industries.

Provide fuel energy.

Liquid fertilizer.

Environmentally Clean.

Co-operative and SHG.

To support on farm activities.Helps in recycling of the organic wastes to benefit

the farm and its fertility.


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Cultivation of Jatropha and Karanja

plantations on massive scale in waste and

degraded lands, collection of their seeds for

processing oil and cake, utilizing the oil forconversion of bio-diesel as on alternative

fuel, cake as bio-fuel and liquid fertilizercan not only generate good volume of

employment opportunities but also providemulti-facet benefits in rural economy of

India.


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Why Bio Diesel