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Erna Kristin
Department ofPharmacology &Toxicology
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Block 1.3Pharmacokinetics
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Drug and cti!e PrincipleDrug De!elopmentDrug dministration
Dosage "orms for #ral"rom pplication to Distri$utionDrug EliminationPharmacokineticsDrug %oncentration in the Body asa "unction of Time.
#$ecti!es
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Pharmacology
PharmacologyPharmacologyis the studyis the study
of drugs andof drugs and
the e'ectsthe e'ects
they ha!e onthey ha!e on
the $odthe $od
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Pharmacokinetics
The acti!ity of drugs in theThe acti!ity of drugs in the
$ody o!er a period of time($ody o!er a period of time(including the processes $yincluding the processes $y
)hich drugs are a$sor$ed()hich drugs are a$sor$ed(
distri$uted in the $ody(distri$uted in the $ody(locali*ed in the tissues( andlocali*ed in the tissues( and
excreted.excreted.
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Drug and active principle
The dried milky exudate
o$tained $y slashing theunripe seed capsules ofPapaver somniferum +ra)
opium,
-oaking plants parts in alcohol+ethanol, creates a tincture.
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Tinctures do not contain thecomplete
spectrum of su$stances thatexistin the plant or crude drug(
only thosethat are solu$le in alcohol.
n the case of opium tincture(these ingredients are
Drug and active principle
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sing a natural product orextract
to treat a disease thususually entails theadministration of a num$er
of su$stances possi$lypossessing !ery di'erentacti!ities
Drug and active principle
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1. denti2cation of the acti!eingredient+s,.. nalysis of the $iological e'ects
+pharmacodynamics, of indi!idualingredients and of their fate in the $ody+pharmacokinetics,.3. Ensuring a precise and constant
dosage in the therapeutic use ofchemically pure constituents.4. The possi$ility of chemical synthesis()hich )ould a'ord independence fromlimited natural supplies and create
conditions
The aims of isolating acti!e
principles are/
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7alf life/theamount oftime +unit
time, ittakes forhalf ofdrugconcentrati
on
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